1  4054 156 MAPK IS A MUTUAL PATHWAY TARGETED BY ANXIETY-RELATED MIRNAS, AND E2F5 IS A PUTATIVE TARGET FOR ANXIOLYTIC MIRNAS. ANXIETY-RELATED DISORDERS (ARDS) ARE CHRONIC NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL DISEASES AND THE SIXTH LEADING CAUSE OF DISABILITY IN THE WORLD. AS DYSREGULATION OF MICRORNAS (MIRS) ARE OBSERVED IN THE PATHOLOGICAL COURSE OF NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS, THE PRESENT STUDY AIMED TO INTRODUCE MIRS THAT UNDERLIE ANXIETY PROCESSING IN THE BRAIN. FIRST, WE COLLECTED THE EXPERIMENTALLY CONFIRMED ANXIETY-RELATED MIRNAS (ARMIRS), PREDICTED THEIR TARGET TRANSCRIPTS, AND INTRODUCED CRITICAL CELLULAR PATHWAYS WITH KEY COMMUNE HUB GENES. AS A RESULT, WE HAVE FOUND NINE ANXIOLYTIC AND TEN ANXIOGENIC ARMIRS. THE ANXIOLYTIC MIRS FREQUENTLY TARGET THE MRNA OF ACYL-COA SYNTHETASE LONG-CHAIN FAMILY MEMBER 4 (ACSL4), AFF4-AF4/FMR2 FAMILY MEMBER 4 (AFF4), AND KRUPPEL LIKE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 4 (KLF4) GENES, WHERE MIR-34B-5P AND MIR-34C-5P INTERACT WITH ALL OF THEM. MOREOVER, THE ANXIOGENIC MIRS FREQUENTLY TARGET THE MRNA OF NINE GENES; AMONG THEM, ONLY TWO MIR (MIR-142-5P AND MIR-218-5P) HAVE NO INTERACTION WITH THE MRNA OF TRINUCLEOTIDE REPEAT-CONTAINING ADAPTOR 6B (TNRC6B), AND MIR-124-3P INTERACTS WITH ALL OF THEM WHERE MAPK IS THE MAIN SIGNALING PATHWAY AFFECTED BY BOTH ANXIOLYTIC AND ANXIOGENIC MIR. IN ADDITION, THE ANXIOLYTIC MIR COMMONLY TARGET E2F TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 5 (E2F5) IN THE TGF-BETA SIGNALING PATHWAY, AND THE ANXIOGENIC MIR COMMONLY TARGET ATAXIN 1 (ATXN1), WASP-LIKE ACTIN NUCLEATION PROMOTING FACTOR (WASL), AND SOLUTE CARRIER FAMILY 17 MEMBER 6 (SLC17A6) GENES IN THE NOTCH SIGNALING, ADHERENCE JUNCTION, AND SYNAPTIC VESICLE CYCLE PATHWAYS, RESPECTIVELY. TAKEN TOGETHER, WE CONCLUDE THAT THE MOST IMPORTANT ANXIOLYTIC (MIR-34C, LET-7D, AND MIR-17) AND ANXIOGENIC (MIR-19B, MIR-92A, AND 218) MIR, AS HUB EPIGENETIC MODULATORS, POTENTIALLY INFLUENCE THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ANXIETY, PRIMARILY VIA INTERACTION WITH THE MAPK SIGNALING PATHWAY. MOREOVER, THE ROLE OF E2F5 AS A NOVEL PUTATIVE TARGET FOR ANXIOLYTIC MIRNAS IN ARDS DISORDERS DESERVES FURTHER EXPLORATION.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
2  2126  29 EPIGENETIC INACTIVATION OF MIR-34B/C IN ADDITION TO MIR-34A AND DAPK1 IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. BACKGROUND: TP53 MUTATION/DELETION IS UNCOMMON IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL). WE POSTULATED THAT COMPONENTS OF TP53-CENTERED TUMOR SUPPRESSOR NETWORK, MIR-34B/C, IN ADDITION TO DAPK1 AND MIR-34A MIGHT BE INACTIVATED BY DNA HYPERMETHYLATION. MOREOVER, WE TESTED IF MIR-34B/C METHYLATION MIGHT CORRELATE WITH MIR-203 OR MIR-124-1 METHYLATION IN CLL. METHODS: MIR-34B/C, MIR-34A AND DAPK1 METHYLATION WAS STUDIED IN 11 NORMAL CONTROLS, 7 CLL CELL LINES, AND 78 DIAGNOSTIC CLL SAMPLES BY METHYLATION-SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION. MEC-1 CELLS WERE TREATED WITH 5-AZA-2'-DEOXYCYTIDINE FOR REVERSAL OF METHYLATION-ASSOCIATED MIRNA SILENCING. TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROPERTIES OF MIR-34B WERE DEMONSTRATED BY OVER-EXPRESSION OF PRECURSOR MIR-34B IN MEC-1 CELLS. RESULTS: MIR-34B/C PROMOTER WAS UNMETHYLATED IN NORMAL CONTROLS, BUT COMPLETELY METHYLATED IN 4 CLL CELL LINES. MIR-34B/C EXPRESSION WAS INVERSELY CORRELATED WITH MIR-34B/C METHYLATION. DIFFERENT MSP STATUSES OF MIR-34B/C, INCLUDING COMPLETE METHYLATION AND COMPLETE UNMETHYLATION, WERE VERIFIED BY QUANTITATIVE BISULFITE PYROSEQUENCING. 5-AZA-2'-DEOXYCYTIDINE TREATMENT RESULTED IN PROMOTER DEMETHYLATION AND MIR-34B RE-EXPRESSION IN MEC1 CELLS. MOREOVER, OVER-EXPRESSION OF MIR-34B RESULTED IN INHIBITION OF CELLULAR PROLIFERATION AND INCREASED CELL DEATH. IN PRIMARY CLL SAMPLES, MIR-34A, MIR-34B/C AND DAPK1 METHYLATION WAS DETECTED IN 2.6%, 17.9% AND 34.6% OF PATIENTS AT DIAGNOSIS RESPECTIVELY. FURTHERMORE, 39.7%, 3.8% AND 2.6% PATIENTS HAD METHYLATION OF ONE, TWO OR ALL THREE GENES RESPECTIVELY. OVERALL, 46.2% PATIENTS HAD METHYLATION OF AT LEAST ONE OF THESE THREE GENES. BESIDES, MIR-34B/C METHYLATION WAS ASSOCIATED WITH METHYLATION OF MIR-34A (P = 0.03) AND MIR-203 (P = 0.012) IN CLL. CONCLUSIONS: TAKEN TOGETHER, MIR-34B/C IS A TUMOR SUPPRESSOR MIRNA FREQUENTLY METHYLATED, AND HENCE SILENCED IN CLL. TOGETHER WITH DAPK1 METHYLATION, MIR-34B/C METHYLATION IS IMPLICATED IN THE DISRUPTION OF THE TP53-CENTERED TUMOR SUPPRESSOR NETWORK. MOREOVER, THE ASSOCIATION OF MIRNA METHYLATION WARRANTS FURTHER STUDY.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
3  3728  21 INHIBITION OF REPLICATION OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS USING TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSORS THAT TARGET THE VIRAL DNA. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC INFECTION WITH HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) IS A SERIOUS GLOBAL HEALTH PROBLEM. PERSISTENCE OF THE VIRUS OCCURS AS A RESULT OF STABILITY OF THE REPLICATION INTERMEDIATE COMPRISING COVALENTLY CLOSED CIRCULAR DNA (CCCDNA). DEVELOPMENT OF DRUGS THAT ARE CAPABLE OF DISABLING THIS CCCDNA IS VITAL. METHODS: TO INVESTIGATE AN EPIGENETIC APPROACH TO INACTIVATING VIRAL DNA, WE ENGINEERED TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSORS THAT COMPRISE AN HBV DNA-BINDING DOMAIN OF TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVATOR LIKE EFFECTORS (TALES) AND A FUSED KRUPPEL ASSOCIATED BOX (KRAB). THESE REPRESSOR TALES (RTALES) TARGETED THE VIRAL SURFACE OPEN READING FRAME AND WERE PLACED UNDER TRANSCRIPTION CONTROL OF CONSTITUTIVELY ACTIVE OR LIVER-SPECIFIC PROMOTERS. RESULTS: EVALUATION IN CULTURED CELLS AND FOLLOWING HYDRODYNAMIC INJECTION OF MICE REVEALED THAT THE RTALES SIGNIFICANTLY INHIBITED PRODUCTION OF MARKERS OF HBV REPLICATION WITHOUT EVIDENCE OF HEPATOTOXICITY. INCREASED METHYLATION OF HBV DNA AT CPG ISLAND II SHOWED THAT THE RTALES CAUSED INTENDED EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION. CONCLUSIONS: EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OF HBV DNA IS A NEW AND EFFECTIVE MEANS OF INACTIVATING THE VIRUS IN VIVO. THE APPROACH HAS THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL AND AVOIDS POTENTIALLY PROBLEMATIC UNINTENDED MUTAGENESIS OF GENE EDITING.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
4  5479  26 RESVERATROL ATTENUATES CIGARETTE SMOKE EXTRACT INDUCED CELLULAR SENESCENCE IN HUMAN AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS BY REGULATING THE MIR-34A/SIRT1/NF-KAPPAB PATHWAY. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) IS CHARACTERIZED BY ACCELERATED LUNG AGING. SMOKING IS THE CRITICAL RISK FACTOR FOR COPD. CELLULAR SENESCENCE OF AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS IS THE CYTOLOGICAL BASIS OF ACCELERATED LUNG AGING IN COPD, AND THE REGULATION OF MICRORNAS (MIRNAS) IS THE CENTRAL EPIGENETIC MECHANISM OF CELLULAR SENESCENCE. RESVERATROL (RES) IS A POLYPHENOL WITH ANTI-AGING PROPERTIES. THIS STUDY INVESTIGATED WHETHER RES ATTENUATES CIGARETTE SMOKE EXTRACT (CSE)-INDUCED CELLULAR SENESCENCE IN HUMAN AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS (BEAS-2B) THROUGH THE MIR-34A/SIRT1/NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPAB (NF-KAPPAB) PATHWAY. BEAS-2B CELLS WERE TREATED WITH RES, CSE AND TRANSFECTED WITH MIR-34A-5P MIMICS. CELLULAR SENESCENCE WAS EVALUATED BY SENESCENCE -RELATED BETA-GALACTOSIDASE (SA-BETA-GAL) STAINING AND EXPRESSION OF SENESCENCE-RELATED GENES (P16, P21, AND P53). THE EXPRESSIONS OF MIR-34A-5P, SIRT1, AND NF-KAPPAB P65 WERE EXAMINED USING QUANTITATIVE REAL TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION AND WESTERN BLOTTING. THE SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED SECRETORY PHENOTYPE (SASP) CYTOKINES (IL-1BETA, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-ALPHA) WERE ASSESSED BY ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY. THE BINDING BETWEEN MIR-34A-5P AND SIRT1 WAS CONFIRMED BY DUAL-LUCIFERASE REPORTER ASSAY. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT CSE DOSE-DEPENDENTLY DECREASED CELL VIABILITY AND ELEVATED CELLULAR SENESCENCE, CHARACTERIZED BY INCREASED SA-BETA-GAL STAINING AND SENESCENCE-RELATED GENE EXPRESSIONS (P16, P21, AND P53). FURTHER, CSE DOSE-DEPENDENTLY INCREASED THE EXPRESSION OF MIR-34A-5P AND SASP CYTOKINES (IL-1BETA, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-ALPHA) IN BEAS-2B CELLS. PRETREATMENT WITH RES INHIBITED CSE-INDUCED CELLULAR SENESCENCE AND SECRETION OF SASP CYTOKINES (IL-1BETA, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-ALPHA) IN A DOSE-DEPENDENT MANNER. MOREOVER, RES REVERSED THE CSE-INDUCED DOWN-REGULATION OF SIRT1 AND UP-REGULATION OF MIR-34A-5P AND NF-KAPPAB P65. SIRT1 IS A TARGET OF MIR-34A-5P. OVEREXPRESSION OF MIR-34A-5P VIA TRANSFECTION WITH MIR-34A-5P MIMIC IN BEAS-2B CELLS ATTENUATED THE INHIBITORY EFFECT OF RES ON CELLULAR SENESCENCE, ACCOMPANIED BY REVERSING THE EXPRESSION OF SIRT1 AND NF-KAPPAB P65. IN CONCLUSION, RES ATTENUATED CSE-INDUCED CELLULAR SENESCENCE IN BEAS-2B CELLS BY REGULATING THE MIR-34A/SIRT1/NF-KAPPAB PATHWAY, WHICH MAY PROVIDE A NEW APPROACH FOR COPD TREATMENT.	2022	
                                                                      
5  3657  27 INDUCTION AND RECOVERY OF CPG SITE SPECIFIC METHYLATION CHANGES IN HUMAN BRONCHIAL CELLS AFTER LONG-TERM EXPOSURE TO CARBON NANOTUBES AND ASBESTOS. INTRODUCTION: INHALATION OF ASBESTOS INDUCES LUNG CANCER VIA DIFFERENT CELLULAR MECHANISMS. TOGETHER WITH THE INCREASED PRODUCTION OF CARBON NANOTUBES (CNTS) GROWS THE CONCERN ABOUT ADVERSE EFFECTS ON THE LUNGS GIVEN THE SIMILARITIES WITH ASBESTOS. WHILE IT HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED THAT CNT AND ASBESTOS INDUCE EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS, IT IS CURRENTLY NOT KNOWN WHETHER ALTERATIONS AT EPIGENETIC LEVEL REMAIN STABLE AFTER WITHDRAWAL OF THE EXPOSURE. IDENTIFICATION OF DNA METHYLATION CHANGES AFTER A LOW DOSE OF CNT AND ASBESTOS EXPOSURE AND RECOVERY CAN BE USEFUL TO DETERMINE THE FIBRE/PARTICLE TOXICITY AND ADVERSE OUTCOME. METHODS: HUMAN BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL CELLS (16HBE) WERE TREATED WITH A LOW AND NON-CYTOTOXIC DOSE (0.25 MICROG/ML) OF MULTI-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES (MWCNTS-NM400) OR SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES (SWCNTS-SRM2483) AND 0.05 MICROG/ML AMOSITE (BROWN) ASBESTOS FOR THE COURSE OF FOUR WEEKS (SUB-CHRONIC EXPOSURE). AFTER THIS TREATMENT, THE CELLS WERE FURTHER INCUBATED (WITHOUT PARTICLE/FIBRE) FOR TWO WEEKS, ALLOWING RECOVERY FROM THE EXPOSURE (RECOVERY PERIOD). NUCLEAR DEPOSITIONS OF THE CNTS WERE ASSESSED USING FEMTOSECOND PULSED LASER MICROSCOPY IN A LABEL-FREE MANNER. DNA METHYLATION ALTERATIONS WERE ANALYSED USING MICROARRAYS THAT ASSESS MORE THAN 850 THOUSAND CPG SITES IN THE WHOLE GENOME. RESULTS: AT NON-CYTOTOXIC DOSES, CNTS WERE NOTED TO BE INCORPORATED WITH IN THE NUCLEUS AFTER A FOUR WEEKS PERIOD. EXPOSURE TO MWCNTS INDUCED A SINGLE HYPOMETHYLATION AT A CPG SITE AND GENE PROMOTER REGION. NO CHANGE IN DNA METHYLATION WAS OBSERVED AFTER THE RECOVERY PERIOD FOR MWCNTS. EXPOSURE TO SWCNTS OR AMOSITE INDUCED HYPERMETHYLATION AT CPG SITES AFTER SUB-CHRONIC EXPOSURE WHICH MAY INVOLVE IN 'TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR ACTIVITY' AND 'SEQUENCE-SPECIFIC DNA BINDING' GENE ONTOLOGIES. AFTER THE RECOVERY PERIOD, HYPERMETHYLATION AND HYPOMETHYLATION WERE NOTED FOR BOTH SWCNTS AND AMOSITE. HIPPOCALCINLIKE 1 (HPCAL1), PROTEASE SERINE 3 (PRSS3), KALLIKREIN-RELATED PEPTIDASE 3 (KLK3), KRUPPEL LIKE FACTOR 3 (KLF3) GENES WERE HYPERMETHYLATED AT DIFFERENT TIME POINTS IN EITHER SWCNT-EXPOSED OR AMOSITE-EXPOSED CELLS. CONCLUSION: THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT THE SPECIFIC SWCNT (SRM2483) AND AMOSITE FIBRES STUDIED INDUCE HYPO- OR HYPERMETHYLATION ON CPG SITES IN DNA AFTER VERY LOW-DOSE EXPOSURE AND RECOVERY PERIOD. THIS EFFECT WAS NOT SEEN FOR THE STUDIED MWCNT (NM400).	2020	

6  3246  16 HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) INDUCES THE EXPRESSION OF INTERLEUKIN-8 THAT IN TURN REDUCES HBV SENSITIVITY TO INTERFERON-ALPHA. HIGH LEVELS OF SERUM INTERLEUKIN-8 (IL-8) HAVE BEEN DETECTED IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS B (CHB) PATIENTS DURING EPISODES OF HEPATITIS FLARES. WE INVESTIGATED WHETHER HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) MAY DIRECTLY INDUCE IL-8 PRODUCTION AND WHETHER IL-8 MAY ANTAGONIZE INTERFERON-ALPHA (IFN-ALPHA) ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY AGAINST HBV. WE SHOWED THAT CHB PATIENTS HAD SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER IL-8 LEVELS BOTH IN SERUM AND IN LIVER TISSUE THAN CONTROLS. IN HBV-REPLICATING HEPG2 CELLS, IL-8 TRANSCRIPTION WAS SIGNIFICANTLY ACTIVATED. AP-1, C/EBP AND NF-KB TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS WERE CONCURRENTLY NECESSARY FOR MAXIMUM IL-8 INDUCTION. MOREOVER, HBX VIRAL PROTEIN WAS RECRUITED ONTO THE IL-8 PROMOTER AND THIS WAS PARALLELED BY IL8-BOUND HISTONE HYPERACETYLATION AND BY ACTIVE RECRUITMENT OF TRANSCRIPTIONAL COACTIVATORS. INHIBITION OF IL-8 INCREASES THE ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF IFN-ALPHA AGAINST HBV. OUR RESULTS INDICATE THAT HBV ACTIVATES IL-8 GENE EXPRESSION BY TARGETING THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF THE IL-8 PROMOTER AND THAT IL-8 MAY CONTRIBUTE TO REDUCE HBV SENSITIVITY TO IFN-ALPHA.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
7  4239  24 METHYLATION PROFILE OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS IS NOT INFLUENCED BY INTERFERON ALPHA IN HUMAN LIVER CANCER CELLS. INTERFERON (IFN) ALPHA IS USED FOR THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) INFECTION, BUT THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS UNDERLYING ITS ANTIVIRAL EFFECT HAVE NOT BEEN FULLY ELUCIDATED. EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS REGULATE THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVITY OF COVALENTLY CLOSED CIRCULAR DNA (CCCDNA) IN CELLS WITH CHRONIC HBV INFECTION. IFN?ALPHA HAS BEEN SHOWN TO MODIFY CCCDNA?BOUND HISTONES, BUT IT IS NOT KNOWN WHETHER THE ANTI?HBV EFFECT OF IFN?ALPHA INVOLVES METHYLATION OF CCCDNA. THE PRESENT STUDY AIMED TO DETERMINE WHETHER IFN?ALPHA INDUCED METHYLATION OF HBV CCCDNA IN A CELL?BASED MODEL IN WHICH HEPG2 CELLS WERE DIRECTLY INFECTED WITH WILD?TYPE HBV VIRIONS. METHYLATION STATUS OF HBV CCCDNA WAS ASSESSED USING GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION ELISA ASSAY, METHYLATION?SPECIFIC PCR AND BISULFITE SEQUENCING. IFN?ALPHA SUPPRESSED HBV DNA AND RNA TRANSCRIPTS, BUT METHYLATION PROFILES WERE SIMILAR BETWEEN THE CONTROL AND IFN?ALPHA TREATED GROUPS. CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION RESULTS REVEALED BINDING OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES (DNMT) 3A AND DNMT3B TO HBV CCCDNA AND TREATMENT WITH IFN?ALPHA SUPPRESSED THE RECRUITMENT OF DNMT3B TO CCCDNA. TAKEN TOGETHER, THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT IFN?ALPHA DOES NOT INDUCE METHYLATION OF HBV CCCDNA. THEREFORE, IT WAS CONCLUDED THAT METHYLATION IS UNLIKELY TO CONTRIBUTE TO THE ANTI?HBV EFFECT OF IFN?ALPHA IN HEPG2 CELLS, AND THAT ALTERNATIVE MECHANISMS NEED TO BE SOUGHT TO ENHANCE CCCDNA METHYLATION AS A NOVEL THERAPY AGAINST HBV.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
8  3185  20 HBC BINDS TO THE CPG ISLANDS OF HBV CCCDNA AND PROMOTES AN EPIGENETIC PERMISSIVE STATE. HBV COVALENTLY CLOSED CIRCULAR DNA (CCCDNA) IS THE TEMPLATE FOR THE TRANSCRIPTION OF HBV. HBV CORE PROTEIN (HBC) IS A MAIN COMPONENT OF THE HBV CCCDNA MINICHROMOSOME. HOWEVER, THE FUNCTION OF HBC IN CCCDNA IS NOT FULLY UNDERSTOOD. IN LIGHT OF RECENT FINDINGS THAT HBV CCCDNA MAY BE REGULATED EPIGENETICALLY, WE ANALYZED THE BINDING OF HBC TO CCCDNA AND THE IMPACT OF HBC ON CCCDNA EPIGENETIC PROFILE IN THE LIVER BIOPSY SAMPLES OF 22 PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS B (CHB). WE FOUND THAT HBC BINDING TO HBV CCCDNA OCCURRED PREFERENTIALLY AT CPG ISLAND 2, AN IMPORTANT REGION FOR THE REGULATION OF HBV TRANSCRIPTION. FURTHERMORE, THE RELATIVE ABUNDANCES OF HBC BINDING TO CPG ISLAND 2 WERE POSITIVELY CORRELATED WITH THE RATIOS OF RELAXED CIRCULAR DNA TO CCCDNA AND THE LEVELS OF SERUM HBV DNA IN THOSE PATIENTS. INTERESTINGLY, THE RELATIVE ABUNDANCES OF HBC BINDING TO CPG ISLAND 2 WERE ASSOCIATED WITH THE BINDING OF CREB BINDING PROTEIN (CBP) AND WITH HYPOMETHYLATION IN CPG ISLAND 2 OF HBV CCCDNA MINICHROMOSOMES. HOWEVER, RELATIVELY HIGHER AMOUNTS OF HBC BINDING TO CPG ISLAND 2 OF CCCDNA WERE ACCOMPANIED BY LOWER AMOUNTS OF HDAC1 BINDING. MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT THE ABUNDANCES OF HBC BINDING TO CPG ISLAND 2 OF CCCDNA AND POSITIVE HBEAG WERE INDEPENDENT FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE REPLICATION OF HBV (P = 0.001 FOR BOTH). APPARENTLY, HBC IS A POSITIVE REGULATOR OF HBV TRANSCRIPTION AND REPLICATION, MAINTAINING THE PERMISSIVE EPIGENETIC STATE IN THE CRITICAL REGION OF THE HBV CCCDNA MINICHROMOSOMES.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
9  3460  21 HYPOMETHYLATION OF THE IL8 PROMOTER IN NASAL EPITHELIAL CELLS OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS WITH NASAL POLYPS. BACKGROUND: IL-8 IS AN IMPORTANT CHEMOKINE IMPLICATED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS (CRS), BUT LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF IL8 IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CRS. OBJECTIVE: WE SOUGHT TO INVESTIGATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DNA METHYLATION LEVEL IN THE IL8 PROXIMAL PROMOTER AND CRS IN HAN CHINESE SUBJECTS. METHODS: PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS WITH NASAL POLYPS (CRSWNP; N = 187), PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS WITHOUT NASAL POLYPS (CRSSNP; N = 89), AND CONTROL SUBJECTS (N = 57) WERE ENROLLED IN 2 INDEPENDENT COHORTS. PURIFIED HUMAN NASAL EPITHELIAL CELLS FROM EACH PARTICIPANT WERE ASSESSED FOR PERCENTAGE DNA METHYLATION OF CPG SITES IN THE IL8 PROXIMAL PROMOTER BY USING BISULFITE PYROSEQUENCING AND FOR FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF METHYLATION STATUS BY USING IN VITRO ASSAYS. RESULTS: DNA METHYLATION OF CPG SITES 1, 2, AND 3, RESPECTIVELY, IN THE IL8 PROXIMAL PROMOTER WAS SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED IN HUMAN NASAL EPITHELIAL CELLS OF PATIENTS WITH CRSWNP COMPARED WITH THAT IN PATIENTS WITH CRSSNP (P < .001) AND CONTROL SUBJECTS (P < .001). PERCENTAGE OF DNA METHYLATION OF THE CPG3 SITE WAS CORRELATED NEGATIVELY WITH BOTH TISSUE EOSINOPHILIC CATIONIC PROTEIN (P < .01) AND MYELOPEROXIDASE (P < .05) LEVELS. IL-1BETA (P < .001) AND TNF-ALPHA (P < .01) SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED IL8 EXPRESSION ACCOMPANIED BY A REDUCTION IN METHYLATION AT THE CPG3 SITE (P < .001). ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY SHIFT ASSAYS DEMONSTRATED THAT METHYLATION STATUS OF CPG3 CHANGED THE BINDING OF OCTAMER-BINDING TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 1 AND NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPAB. CONCLUSION: DECREASED DNA METHYLATION OF PARTICULARLY CPG SITES IN THE IL8 PROXIMAL PROMOTER MIGHT PLAY A ROLE IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CRSWNP.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
10  4903  16 P16 PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATION IN HUMAN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA WITH OR WITHOUT HEPATITIS VIRUS INFECTION. BACKGROUND: EPIGENETIC ALTERATION THROUGH METHYLATION IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT STEPS IN CARCINOGENESIS. HOWEVER, THE RELATION BETWEEN HEPATITIS VIRUS INFECTION AND EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS IS POORLY UNDERSTOOD. METHODS: SIXTEEN PATIENTS WITHOUT HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) AND HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) AND 35 PATIENTS WITH HBV OR HCV WHO UNDERWENT LIVER RESECTION FOR HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC) WERE STUDIED. MUTATION OF P53 WAS DETECTED BY DIRECT SEQUENCING. METHYLATION STATUS OF P16 WAS EVALUATED IN TUMOR AND NONCANCEROUS LIVER TISSUES BY METHYLATION-SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION. RESULTS: IN HCC WITHOUT HBV AND HCV, P53 MUTATIONS WERE DETECTED IN 5 (31%) OF 16 HCCS. METHYLATION OF P16 PROMOTER WAS DETECTED IN 2 (25%) OF 8 MODERATELY DIFFERENTIATED HCCS, 6 (75%) OF 8 POORLY DIFFERENTIATED HCCS, AND NONE OF 16 NONCANCEROUS TISSUE SPECIMENS. IN HCC WITH HBV OR HCV, P53 MUTATIONS WERE DETECTED IN 8 (23%) OF 35 HCCS. METHYLATION OF P16 PROMOTER WAS DETECTED IN 2 (100%) OF 2 WELL-DIFFERENTIATED HCCS, 13 (76%) OF 17 MODERATELY DIFFERENTIATED HCCS, 12 (75%) OF 16 POORLY DIFFERENTIATED HCCS, AND 9 (26%) OF 35 NONCANCEROUS LIVER TISSUE SPECIMENS. CONCLUSIONS: OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT HEPATITIS VIRUSES MIGHT INDUCE METHYLATION OF P16 PROMOTER IN LIVER WITH CHRONIC INFLAMMATION, BEFORE APPEARANCE OF HCC.	2004	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
11  3186  20 HBV COVALENTLY CLOSED CIRCULAR DNA MINICHROMOSOMES IN DISTINCT EPIGENETIC TRANSCRIPTIONAL STATES DIFFER IN THEIR VULNERABILITY TO DAMAGE. BACKGROUND AND AIMS: HBV COVALENTLY CLOSED CIRCULAR DNA (CCCDNA) IS A MAJOR OBSTACLE FOR A CURE OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS B. ACCUMULATING EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS REGULATE THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVITY OF CCCDNA MINICHROMOSOMES. HOWEVER, IT REMAINS UNCLEAR HOW THE EPIGENETIC STATE OF CCCDNA AFFECTS ITS STABILITY. APPROACHES AND RESULTS: BY USING HBV INFECTION CELL MODELS AND IN VITRO AND IN VIVO RECOMBINANT CCCDNA (RCCCDNA) AND HBVCIRCLE MODELS, THE REDUCTION RATE OF HBV CCCDNA AND THE EFFICACY OF APOLIPOPROTEIN B MRNA EDITING ENZYME CATALYTIC SUBUNIT 3A (APOBEC3A)-MEDIATED AND CRISPR/CRISPR-ASSOCIATED 9 (CAS9)-MEDIATED CCCDNA TARGETING WERE COMPARED BETWEEN CCCDNAS WITH DISTINCT TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVITIES. INTERFERON-ALPHA TREATMENT AND HEPATITIS B X PROTEIN (HBX) DELETION WERE APPLIED AS TWO STRATEGIES FOR CCCDNA REPRESSION. CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION AND MICROCOCCAL NUCLEASE ASSAYS WERE PERFORMED TO DETERMINE THE EPIGENETIC PATTERN OF CCCDNA. HBV CCCDNA LEVELS REMAINED STABLE IN NONDIVIDING HEPATOCYTES; HOWEVER, THEY WERE SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED DURING CELL DIVISION, AND THE REDUCTION RATE WAS SIMILAR BETWEEN CCCDNAS IN TRANSCRIPTIONALLY ACTIVE AND TRANSCRIPTIONALLY REPRESSED STATES. STRIKINGLY, HBV RCCCDNA WITHOUT HBX EXPRESSION EXHIBITED A SIGNIFICANTLY LONGER PERSISTENCE IN MICE. THE CCCDNA WITH LOW TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVITY EXHIBITED AN EPIGENETICALLY INACTIVE PATTERN AND WAS MORE DIFFICULT TO ACCESS BY APOBEC3A AND ENGINEERED CRISPR-CAS9. THE EPIGENETIC REGULATOR ACTIVATING CCCDNA INCREASED ITS VULNERABILITY TO APOBEC3A. CONCLUSIONS: HBV CCCDNA MINICHROMOSOMES IN DISTINCT EPIGENETIC TRANSCRIPTIONAL STATES SHOWED A SIMILAR REDUCTION RATE DURING CELL DIVISION BUT SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERED IN THEIR ACCESSIBILITY AND VULNERABILITY TO TARGETED NUCLEASES AND ANTIVIRAL AGENTS. EPIGENETIC SENSITIZATION OF CCCDNA MAKES IT MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO DAMAGE AND MAY POTENTIALLY CONTRIBUTE TO AN HBV CURE.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
12  2326  25 EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF HOTAIR IN ADVANCED CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA. PURPOSE: CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML) ACCOUNTS FOR ~10% OF LEUKEMIA CASES, AND ITS PROGRESSION INVOLVES EPIGENETIC GENE REGULATION. THIS STUDY INVESTIGATED EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF HOTAIR AND ITS TARGET MICRORNA, MIR-143, IN ADVANCED CML. PATIENTS AND METHODS: WE FIRST ISOLATED BONE MARROW MONONUCLEAR CELLS FROM 70 PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT PHASES OF CML AND FROM HEALTHY DONORS AS NORMAL CONTROL; WE ALSO CULTURED K562 AND KCL22 CELLS, TREATED WITH DEMETHYLATION DRUG; MTT ASSAY, FLOW CYTOMETRY, QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (QPCR), METHYLATION-SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (MSP), WESTERN BLOT, LUCIFERASE ASSAY, RNA PULL-DOWN ASSAY AND RNA-BINDING PROTEIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION (RIP) ASSAY WERE PERFORMED. RESULT: AS MEASURED BY QPCR, HOTAIR EXPRESSION IN K562 CELLS, KCL22 CELLS, AND SAMPLES FROM CASES OF ADVANCED-STAGE CML INCREASED WITH LEVELS OF SEVERAL DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES AND HISTONE DEACETYLATES, INCLUDING DNMT1, DNMT3A, HDAC1, EZH2, AND LSD1, AND MIR-143 LEVELS WERE DECREASED AND HOTAIR LEVELS WERE INCREASED. TREATMENT WITH 5-AZACYTIDINE, A DNA METHYLATION INHIBITOR, DECREASED DNMT1, DNMT3A, HDAC1, EZH2, LSD1 MRNA, PROTEIN LEVELS, AND HOTAIR MRNA LEVELS BUT INCREASED MIR-143 LEVELS. HOTAIR KNOCKDOWN AND MIR-143 OVEREXPRESSION BOTH INHIBITED PROLIFERATION AND PROMOTED APOPTOSIS IN KCL22 AND K562 CELLS THROUGH THE PI3K/AKT PATHWAY. RNA PULL-DOWN, MASS SPECTROMETRY, AND RIP ASSAYS SHOWED THAT HOTAIR INTERACTED WITH EZH2 AND LSD1. A DUAL-LUCIFERASE ASSAY DEMONSTRATED THAT HOTAIR INTERACTED WITH MIR-143. CONCLUSION: OUR FINDINGS DEMONSTRATE THE KEY EPIGENETIC INTERACTIONS OF HOTAIR RELATED TO CML PROGRESSION AND SUGGEST HOTAIR AS A POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGET FOR ADVANCED CML. FURTHERMORE, OUR RESULTS SUPPORT THE USE OF DEMETHYLATION DRUGS AS A CML TREATMENT STRATEGY.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
13   765  20 CC-486 MAINTENANCE AFTER STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA OR MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES. RELAPSE IS THE MAIN CAUSE OF TREATMENT FAILURE AFTER ALLOGENEIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANT (ALLOSCT) IN ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA (AML) AND MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES (MDS). INJECTABLE AZACITIDINE CAN IMPROVE POST-TRANSPLANT OUTCOMES BUT PRESENTS CHALLENGES WITH EXPOSURE AND COMPLIANCE. ORAL CC-486 ALLOWS EXTENDED DOSING TO PROLONG AZACITIDINE ACTIVITY. WE INVESTIGATED USE OF CC-486 MAINTENANCE THERAPY AFTER ALLOSCT. ADULTS WITH MDS OR AML IN MORPHOLOGIC COMPLETE REMISSION AT CC-486 INITIATION (42 TO 84 DAYS AFTER ALLOSCT) WERE INCLUDED. PATIENTS RECEIVED 1 OF 4 CC-486 DOSING SCHEDULES PER 28-DAY CYCLE FOR UP TO 12 CYCLES. ENDPOINTS INCLUDED SAFETY, PHARMACOKINETICS, GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE (GVHD) INCIDENCE, RELAPSE/PROGRESSION RATE, AND SURVIVAL. OF 30 PATIENTS, 7 RECEIVED CC-486 ONCE DAILY FOR 7 DAYS PER CYCLE (200 MG, N = 3; 300 MG, N = 4) AND 23 FOR 14 DAYS PER CYCLE (150 MG, N = 4; 200 MG, N = 19 [EXPANSION COHORT]). GRADES 3 TO 4 ADVERSE EVENTS WERE INFREQUENT AND OCCURRED WITH SIMILAR FREQUENCY ACROSS REGIMENS. STANDARD CONCOMITANT MEDICATIONS DID NOT ALTER CC-486 PHARMACOKINETIC PARAMETERS. THREE PATIENTS (10%) EXPERIENCED GRADE III ACUTE GVHD AND 9 EXPERIENCED CHRONIC GVHD. OF 28 EVALUABLE PATIENTS, 6 (21%) RELAPSED OR HAD PROGRESSIVE DISEASE: 3 OF 7 PATIENTS (43%) WHO HAD RECEIVED 7-DAY DOSING AND 3 OF 23 (13%) WHO HAD RECEIVED 14-DAY DOSING. TRANSPLANT-RELATED MORTALITY WAS 3%. AT 19 MONTHS OF FOLLOW-UP, MEDIAN OVERALL SURVIVAL WAS NOT REACHED. ESTIMATED 1-YEAR SURVIVAL RATES WERE 86% AND 81% IN THE 7-DAY AND 14-DAY DOSING COHORTS, RESPECTIVELY. CC-486 MAINTENANCE WAS GENERALLY WELL TOLERATED, WITH LOW RATES OF RELAPSE, DISEASE PROGRESSION, AND GVHD. CC-486 MAINTENANCE MAY PERMIT EPIGENETIC MANIPULATION OF THE ALLOREACTIVE RESPONSE POSTALLOGRAFT. FINDINGS REQUIRE CONFIRMATION IN RANDOMIZED TRIALS. (CLINICALTRIALS.GOV NCT01835587.).	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
14  2769  24 EXTENDED DOSING WITH CC-486 (ORAL AZACITIDINE) IN PATIENTS WITH MYELOID MALIGNANCIES. CC-486 (ORAL AZACITIDINE) IS AN EPIGENETIC MODIFIER IN CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT FOR TREATMENT OF HEMATOLOGICAL CANCERS. THIS STUDY OF EXTENDED CC-486 DOSING INCLUDED PATIENTS WITH MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES (MDSS), CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CMML), OR ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA (AML). AFTER A PHARMACOKINETIC ASSESSMENT PERIOD, 31 PATIENTS (MDS N = 18, CMML N = 4, AND AML N = 9) ENTERED A CLINICAL PHASE IN WHICH THEY RECEIVED CC-486 300 MG ONCE-DAILY FOR 21 DAYS OF REPEATED 28-DAY CYCLES. MEDIAN AGE WAS 71 YEARS (RANGE: 53-93); 42% OF PATIENTS WERE AGED >/=75 YEARS. A TOTAL OF 5 PATIENTS WITH AML (63%) HAD PRIOR MDS. MEDIAN NUMBER OF CC-486 TREATMENT CYCLES WAS 4 (RANGE: 1-32). THE MOST COMMON TREATMENT-EMERGENT ADVERSE EVENTS (TEAES) WERE GASTROINTESTINAL (84% OF PATIENTS) AND HEMATOLOGIC (81%). MOST COMMON GRADE 3-4 TEAES WERE NEUTROPENIA (N = 13, 42%) AND ANEMIA (N = 9, 29%). TEN PATIENTS EXPERIENCED GRADE 4 NEUTROPENIA. INFREQUENTLY, CC-486 DOSE WAS INTERRUPTED OR REDUCED DUE TO GASTROINTESTINAL (N = 5, 16%) OR HEMATOLOGIC (N = 6, 19%) TEAES. OVERALL RESPONSE RATE (COMPLETE REMISSION [CR], CR WITH INCOMPLETE HEMATOLOGICAL RECOVERY [CRI], PARTIAL REMISSION [PR], MARROW CR) IN THE MDS/CMML SUBGROUPS WAS 32% AND IN THE AML SUBGROUP (CR/CRI/PR) WAS 22%. RED BLOOD CELL TRANSFUSION INDEPENDENCE RATES IN THE MDS/CMML AND AML SUBGROUPS WERE 33% AND 25%, RESPECTIVELY, AND 2 MDS/CMML PATIENTS ATTAINED HEMATOLOGIC IMPROVEMENT AS A BEST RESPONSE ON-STUDY. NO BASELINE GENE MUTATION WAS PREDICTIVE OF RESPONSE/NONRESPONSE. CC-486 ALLOWS FLEXIBLE DOSING AND SCHEDULES TO IMPROVE TOLERABILITY OR RESPONSE. NEUTROPENIA IN EARLY TREATMENT CYCLES DESERVES SCRUTINY AND MAY WARRANT INITIATION OF PROPHYLACTIC ANTIBIOTICS. KEY POINTS: THE SAFETY PROFILE OF ORAL CC-486 WAS COMPARABLE TO THAT OF INJECTABLE AZACITIDINE; MOST ADVERSE EVENTS WERE HEMATOLOGICAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL. EXTENDED (21-DAY/CYCLE) CC-486 DOSING INDUCED RESPONSES IN PATIENTS WITH HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES, MANY OF WHOM HAD PRIOR DNMTI FAILURE.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
15  1506  18 DNA METHYLATION AND IMMUNE CELL MARKERS DEMONSTRATE EVIDENCE OF ACCELERATED AGING IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS B VIRUS OR HEPATITIS C VIRUS, WITH OR WITHOUT HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCT VIRUS CO-INFECTION. BACKGROUND: SEVERAL CHRONIC DISEASES ACCELERATE BIOLOGICAL AGING. WE INVESTIGATED AGE ACCELERATION AND THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PERIPHERAL BLOOD DNA METHYLATION (DNAM) AND IMMUNE CELL MARKERS IN PATIENTS CHRONICALLY INFECTED WITH THE HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) OR THE HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) WITH AND WITHOUT HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) CO-INFECTION. METHODS: AGE ACCELERATION WAS MEASURED AS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN EPIGENETIC AGE (HORVATH CLOCK) AND CHRONOLOGICAL AGE. THE IMMUNE MARKER MODEL OF AGE ACCELERATION WAS DEVELOPED USING ELASTIC NET REGRESSION TO SELECT BOTH THE IMMUNE MARKERS AND THEIR ASSOCIATED WEIGHTS IN THE FINAL LINEAR MODEL. RESULTS: PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HBV (N = 51) HAD A SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER MEDIAN EPIGENETIC AGE COMPARED TO CHRONOLOGICAL AGE (AGE ACCELERATED) (P < .001). IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HCV INFECTION (N = 63), AGE ACCELERATION WAS ASSOCIATED WITH LIVER FIBROSIS AS ASSESSED BY HISTOLOGY (P < .05), OR PRESENCE OF HIV CO-INFECTION (P < .05), BUT NOT HCV MONO-INFECTION. AGE ACCELERATION DEFINED BY IMMUNE MARKERS WAS CONCORDANT WITH AGE ACCELERATION BY DNA METHYLATION (CORRELATION COEFFICIENT = .59 IN HBV; P = .0025). ONE-YEAR TREATMENT OF HBV PATIENTS WITH NUCLEOSIDE THERAPY WAS ASSOCIATED WITH A MODEST REDUCTION IN AGE ACCELERATION, AS MEASURED USING THE IMMUNE MARKER MODEL (-.65 YEARS, P = .018). CONCLUSION: OUR FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC VIRAL HEPATITIS HAVE ACCELERATED EPIGENETIC AGING, THAT IMMUNE MARKERS DEFINE BIOLOGICAL AGE, AND HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO ASSESS THE EFFECTS OF THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION ON AGE ACCELERATION.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
16  4601  24 NDRG2 MRNA LEVELS AND MIR-28-5P AND MIR-650 ACTIVITY IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. BACKGROUND: NDRG2 IS IDENTIFIED AS A TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE IN MANY TUMORS, AND FUNCTIONS IN CELL PROLIFERATION, DIFFERENTIATION AND APOPTOSIS. RECENT DATA INDICATE THAT NDRG2 EXPRESSION IS UP-REGULATED BY TP53. MOREOVER, PROPOSED MECHANISMS OF NDRG2 INACTIVATION INCLUDE EPIGENETIC SILENCING OF THE NDRG2 PROMOTER AND DOWN-REGULATION BY MICRORNAS (MIRNAS). HOWEVER, FEW STUDIES HAVE EVER BEEN DONE ON THE ROLE OF NDRG2 AND THE NDRG2-REGULATING MIRNAS INTERFERENCE IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL). METHODS: NDRG2 AND MICRORNAS MRNA LEVELS IN CLL SUBJECTS WERE ASSESSED BY QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (QRT-PCR). THE DUAL-LUCIFERASE REPORTER ASSAY WAS PERFORMED TO DETERMINE NDRG2-RELATED MIRNAS. LOW EXPRESSION OF MATURE EXOGENOUS MIRNAS IN CLL CELLS WAS ESTABLISHED BY TRANSIENT TRANSFECTION. NDRG2 PROTEIN LEVELS IN CLL CELLS WERE DETECTED BY WESTERN BLOT. IN ADDITION, FLOW CYTOMETRY WAS CONDUCTED TO EXAMINE THE APOPTOSIS OF CLL CELLS. RESULTS: LOWER EXPRESSION OF NDRG2 WAS FOUND IN THE B-CELLS FROM 102 CLL PATIENTS COMPARED THE 40 NORMAL SUBJECTS (P < 0.001). PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED BINET STAGE (P = 0.001), HIGH LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE (LDH) LEVEL (P = 0.036), UN-MUTATED IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAIN VARIABLE REGION GENE (IGHV) (P = 0.004) AND THOSE WITH P53 ABERRATIONS (P < 0.001) HAD A MARKEDLY LOWER LEVELS OF NDRG2 MRNA. THIS DECREASE WAS ASSOCIATED WITH BRIEFER TIME-TO-TREATMENT (P = 0.001) AND POORER SURVIVAL (P < 0.001). HIGH EXPRESSION OF MIR-28-5P AND MIR-650 WAS ASSOCIATED WITH BINET B/C STAGE (P = 0.044) AND IGHV UN-MUTATED (P = 0.011), AS WELL AS BINET B/C STAGE (P = 0.013) AND P53 ABERRATIONS (P = 0.037), RESPECTIVELY. INHIBITION OF MIR-28-5P OR MIR-650 COULD INDUCE MORE APOPTOSIS IN CLL CELLS WITH GERMLINE TP53. CONCLUSIONS: NDRG2 MRNA LEVELS MIGHT BE A USEFUL PROGNOSTIC VARIABLE FOR PATIENTS OF CLL AND UP-REGULATING NDRG2 TRANSCRIPTION MAY BE A THERAPY APPROACH IN CLL WITHOUT P53 ABERRATIONS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
17   308  25 ALCOHOL AND DNA METHYLATION: AN EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY IN BLOOD AND NORMAL BREAST TISSUE. THE BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS DRIVING ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AND CHRONIC DISEASES MIGHT INCLUDE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OF DNA METHYLATION. WE EXPLORED THE HYPOTHESIS THAT ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION IS ASSOCIATED WITH METHYLATION IN AN EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY OF BLOOD AND NORMAL BREAST TISSUE DNA. INFINIUM HUMANMETHYLATION450 BEADCHIP (ILLUMINA INC., SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA) ARRAY DATA ON BLOOD DNA METHYLATION WAS EXAMINED IN A DISCOVERY SET OF 2,878 NON-HISPANIC WHITE WOMEN FROM THE SISTER STUDY (UNITED STATES, 2004-2015) WHO PROVIDED DETAILED QUESTIONNAIRE INFORMATION ON LIFETIME ALCOHOL USE. ROBUST LINEAR REGRESSION MODELING WAS USED TO IDENTIFY SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATIONS (FALSE DISCOVERY RATE OF Q < 0.05) BETWEEN THE NUMBER OF ALCOHOLIC DRINKS PER WEEK AND DNA METHYLATION AT 5,458 CYTOSINE-PHOSPHATE-GUANINE (CPG) SITES. ASSOCIATIONS WERE REPLICATED (P < 0.05) FOR 677 CPGS IN AN INDEPENDENT SET OF 187 BLOOD DNA SAMPLES FROM THE SISTER STUDY AND FOR 628 CPGS IN AN INDEPENDENT SET OF 171 NORMAL BREAST DNA SAMPLES; 1,207 CPGS WERE REPLICATED IN EITHER BLOOD OR NORMAL BREAST, WITH 98 CPGS REPLICATED IN BOTH TISSUES. INDIVIDUAL GENE EFFECTS WERE NOTABLE FOR PHOSPHOGLYCERATE DEHYDROGENASE (PGHDH), PEPTIDYL-PROLYL CIS-TRANS ISOMERASE (PPIF), SOLUTE CARRIER 15 (SLC15), SOLUTE CARRIER FAMILY 43 MEMBER 1 (SLC43A1), AND SOLUTE CARRIER FAMILY 7 MEMBER 11 (SLC7A11). WE ALSO FOUND THAT HIGH ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION WAS ASSOCIATED WITH SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER GLOBAL METHYLATION AS MEASURED BY THE AVERAGE OF CPGS ON THE ENTIRE ARRAY.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
18  3241  26 HEPATIC MICRORNA MODULATION MIGHT BE AN EARLY EVENT TO NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE DEVELOPMENT DRIVEN BY HIGH-FAT DIET IN MALE MICE. INTRODUCTION: METABOLIC ALTERATIONS CAUSED BY AN IMBALANCE OF MACRONUTRIENT CONSUMPTION ARE OFTEN RELATED TO THE MODULATION OF MICRORNAS (MIRNAS), WHICH COULD ALTER MRNAS EXPRESSION PROFILE AND ACCELERATE THE DEVELOPMENT OF NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD). AIMS: THIS STUDY AIMED TO INVESTIGATE THE CONTRIBUTION OF MIRNAS IN MODULATING EARLY STAGES OF NAFLD IN MICE SUBMITTED TO A HIGH-FAT DIET (HFD). METHODS AND RESULTS: MALE SWISS MICE, FED EITHER A CONTROL DIET OR AN HFD FOR 1, 3, 7, 15, 30, 56 DAYS, WERE ASSESSED FOR METABOLIC ALTERATIONS, GENE EXPRESSION AND NAFLD MARKERS. A HEPATOCYTE CELL LINE WAS USED TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECTS OF MIR-370 MODULATION ON ENZYMES INVOLVED IN BETA-OXIDATION. BODY WEIGHT AND ADIPOSITY WERE HIGHER AFTER 7 DAYS OF HFD. FASTING GLUCOSE AND INSULIN INCREASED AFTER 3 AND 7 DAYS OF HFD, RESPECTIVELY. WHILE HEPATIC LIPID CONTENT INCREASED FROM THE FIRST DAY ON, HEPATIC GLYCOGEN HAD A DECREASE AFTER 3 DAYS OF HFD CONSUMPTION. MIR-370 AND LET-7 EXPRESSION INCREASED WITH ACUTE AND CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO HFD, ACCOMPANIED BY CARNITINE PALMITOYLTRANSFERASE 1A (CPT1A), ACYL-COA DEHYDROGENASE VERY LONG CHAIN (ACADVL) AND PROTEIN KINASE AMP-ACTIVATED CATALYTIC SUBUNIT 2 (PRKAA2) DOWNREGULATION, WHILE DECREASED MIR-122 EXPRESSION WAS ACCOMPANIED BY 1-ACYLGLYCEROL-3-PHOSPHATE-O-ACYLTRANSFERASE (AGPAT) UPREGULATION AFTER 56 DAYS OF HFD CONSUMPTION, SOME OF THEM CONFIRMED BY IN VITRO EXPERIMENTS. DESPITE FLUCTUATIONS IN TNFA AND IL6 MRNA LEVELS, MOLECULAR MODULATION WAS CONSISTENT WITH HEPATIC TG AND NAFLD DEVELOPMENT. CONCLUSION: HEPATIC MIR-370-122-LET7 MIRNA MODULATION COULD BE THE FIRST INSULT TO NAFLD DEVELOPMENT, PRECEDING CHANGES IN GLYCEMIC HOMEOSTASIS AND ADIPOSITY.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
19  2132  22 EPIGENETIC INACTIVATION OF THE MIR-124-1 IN HAEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES. MIR-124-1 IS A TUMOUR SUPPRESSOR MICRORNA (MIR). EPIGENETIC DEREGULATION OF MIRS IS IMPLICATED IN CARCINOGENESIS. PROMOTER DNA METHYLATION AND HISTONE MODIFICATION OF MIR-124-1 WAS STUDIED IN 5 NORMAL MARROW CONTROLS, 4 LYMPHOMA, 8 MULTIPLE MYELOMA (MM) CELL LINES, 230 DIAGNOSTIC PRIMARY SAMPLES OF ACUTE MYELOID LEUKAEMIA (AML), ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKAEMIA (ALL), CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKAEMIA (CML), CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKAEMIA (CLL), MM, AND NON-HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMA (NHL), AND 53 MM SAMPLES AT STABLE DISEASE OR RELAPSE. PROMOTER OF MIR-124-1 WAS UNMETHYLATED IN NORMAL CONTROLS BUT HOMOZYGOUSLY METHYLATED IN 4 OF 4 LYMPHOMA AND 4 OF 8 MYELOMA CELL LINES. TREATMENT OF 5-AZA-2'-DEOXYCYTIDINE LED TO MIR-124-1 DEMETHYLATION AND RE-EXPRESSION OF MATURE MIR-124, WHICH ALSO ASSOCIATED WITH EMERGENCE OF EUCHROMATIC TRIMETHYL H3K4 AND CONSEQUENT DOWNREGULATION OF CDK6 IN MYELOMA CELLS HARBORING HOMOZYGOUS MIR-124-1 METHYLATION. IN PRIMARY SAMPLES AT DIAGNOSIS, MIR-124-1 METHYLATION WAS ABSENT IN CML BUT DETECTED IN 2% EACH OF MM AT DIAGNOSIS AND RELAPSE/PROGRESSION, 5% ALL, 15% AML, 14% CLL AND 58.1% OF NHL (P<0.001). AMONGST LYMPHOID MALIGNANCIES, MIR-124-1 WAS PREFERENTIALLY METHYLATED IN NHL THAN MM, CLL OR ALL. IN PRIMARY LYMPHOMA SAMPLES, MIR-124-1 WAS PREFERENTIALLY HYPERMETHYLATED IN B- OR NK/T-CELL LYMPHOMAS AND ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCED MIR-124 EXPRESSION. IN CONCLUSION, MIR-124-1 WAS HYPERMETHYLATED IN A TUMOUR-SPECIFIC MANNER, WITH A HETEROCHROMATIC HISTONE CONFIGURATION. HYPOMETHYLATION LED TO PARTIAL RESTORATION OF EUCHROMATIC HISTONE CODE AND MIR RE-EXPRESSION. INFREQUENT MIR-124-1 METHYLATION DETECTED IN DIAGNOSTIC AND RELAPSE MM SAMPLES SHOWED AN UNIMPORTANT ROLE IN MM PATHOGENESIS, DESPITE FREQUENT METHYLATION FOUND IN CELL LINES. AMONGST HAEMATOLOGICAL CANCERS, MIR-124-1 WAS MORE FREQUENTLY HYPERMETHYLATED IN NHL, AND HENCE WARRANTS FURTHER STUDY.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
20  5335  18 QUANTIFICATION AND EPIGENETIC EVALUATION OF THE RESIDUAL POOL OF HEPATITIS B COVALENTLY CLOSED CIRCULAR DNA IN LONG-TERM NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGUE-TREATED PATIENTS. HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) COVALENTLY CLOSED CIRCULAR (CCC)DNA IS THE KEY GENOMIC FORM RESPONSIBLE FOR VIRAL PERSISTENCE AND VIROLOGICAL RELAPSE AFTER TREATMENT WITHDRAWAL. THE ASSESSMENT OF RESIDUAL INTRAHEPATIC CCCDNA LEVELS AND ACTIVITY AFTER LONG-TERM NUCLEOS(T)IDE ANALOGUES THERAPY STILL REPRESENTS A TECHNICAL CHALLENGE. QUANTITATIVE (Q)PCR, ROLLING CIRCLE AMPLIFICATION (RCA) AND DROPLET DIGITAL (DD)PCR ASSAYS WERE USED TO QUANTIFY RESIDUAL INTRAHEPATIC CCCDNA IN LIVER BIOPSIES FROM 56 CHRONICALLY HBV INFECTED PATIENTS AFTER 3 TO 5 YEARS OF TELBIVUDINE TREATMENT. ACTIVITY OF RESIDUAL CCCDNA WAS EVALUATED BY QUANTIFYING 3.5 KB HBV RNA (PREC/PGRNA) AND BY ASSESSING CCCDNA-ASSOCIATED HISTONE TAILS POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL MODIFICATIONS (PTMS) BY MICRO-CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION. LONG-TERM TELBIVUDINE TREATMENT RESULTED IN SERUM HBV DNA SUPPRESSION, WITH MOST OF THE PATIENTS REACHING UNDETECTABLE LEVELS. DESPITE 38 OUT OF 56 PATIENTS HAD UNDETECTABLE CCCDNA WHEN ASSESSED BY QPCR, RCA AND DDPCR ASSAYS DETECTED CCCDNA IN ALL-BUT-ONE NEGATIVE SAMPLES. LOW PREC/PGRNA LEVEL IN TELBIVUDINE-TREATED SAMPLES WAS ASSOCIATED WITH ENRICHMENT FOR CCCDNA HISTONE PTMS RELATED TO REPRESSED TRANSCRIPTION. NO DIFFERENCE IN CCCDNA LEVELS WAS FOUND ACCORDING TO SERUM VIRAL MARKERS EVOLUTION. THIS PANEL OF CCCDNA EVALUATION TECHNIQUES SHOULD PROVIDE AN ADDED VALUE FOR THE NEW PROOF-OF-CONCEPT CLINICAL TRIALS AIMING AT A FUNCTIONAL CURE OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS B.	2020