1  2647 140 EPIGENOMIC PLASTICITY OF ARABIDOPSIS MSH1 MUTANTS UNDER PROLONGED COLD STRESS. DYNAMIC TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES ENABLE RAPID ADAPTIVE BENEFIT TO ENVIRONMENTAL FLUCTUATIONS. HOWEVER, THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS AND THE EXTENT TO WHICH THIS OCCURS ARE NOT WELL KNOWN. MUTS HOMOLOG 1 (MSH1) MUTANTS CAUSE HERITABLE DEVELOPMENTAL PHENOTYPES ACCOMPANIED BY MODULATION OF DEFENSE, PHYTOHORMONE, STRESS-RESPONSE, AND CIRCADIAN RHYTHM GENES, AS WELL AS HERITABLE CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS. CONSISTENT WITH GENE EXPRESSION CHANGES, MSH1 MUTANTS DISPLAY ENHANCED TOLERANCE FOR ABIOTIC STRESS INCLUDING DROUGHT AND SALT STRESS, WHILE SHOWING INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO FREEZING TEMPERATURES. DESPITE CHANGES IN DEFENSE AND BIOTIC STRESS-RESPONSE GENES, MSH1 MUTANTS SHOWED INCREASING SUSCEPTIBILITY TO THE BACTERIAL PATHOGEN PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE. OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT CHRONIC COLD AND LOW LIGHT STRESS (10 DEGREES C, 150 MUMOL M(-2) S(-1)) INFLUENCES NON-CG METHYLATION TO A GREATER DEGREE IN MSH1 MUTANTS COMPARED TO WILD-TYPE COL-0. FURTHERMORE, CHG CHANGES ARE MORE CLOSELY PERICENTROMERIC, WHEREAS CHH CHANGES ARE GENERALLY MORE DISPERSED. THIS INCREASED VARIATION IN NON-CG METHYLATION PATTERN DOES NOT SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECT THE MSH1-DERIVED ENHANCED GROWTH BEHAVIOR AFTER MUTANTS ARE CROSSED WITH ISOGENIC WILD TYPE, REITERATING THE IMPORTANCE OF CG METHYLATION CHANGES IN MSH1-DERIVED ENHANCED VIGOR. THESE RESULTS INDICATE THAT MSH1METHYLOME IS HYPER-RESPONSIVE TO ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS IN A MANNER DISTINCT FROM THE WILD-TYPE RESPONSE, BUT CG METHYLATION CHANGES ARE POTENTIALLY RESPONSIBLE FOR GROWTH VIGOR CHANGES IN THE CROSSED PROGENY.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
2  5344  28 RADIOBIOLOGICAL FEATURES IN OFFSPRING OF NATURAL POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER AFTER CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT. IN THEIR NATURAL HABITATS, POPULATIONS OF ORGANISMS ARE FACED WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF CHRONIC LOW-INTENSITY RADIATION, CAUSING A WIDE RANGE OF RADIOBIOLOGICAL EFFECTS (FROM RADIOSENSITIVITY TO RADIOADAPTIVE RESPONSE AND HORMESIS). IN THIS STUDY, SPECIMENS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER WERE SELECTED FROM TERRITORIES OF THE CHERNOBYL NUCLEAR POWER PLANT WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION. THE ISOGENIC STOCKS DERIVED FROM THESE SPECIMENS REPRESENT THE GENETIC SYSTEMS OF CURRENT POPULATIONS AND MAKE IT POSSIBLE TO STUDY RADIORESISTANCE AND ITS MECHANISMS IN FUTURE GENERATIONS UNDER CONTROLLED LABORATORY CONDITIONS. PREVIOUS STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT TRANSGENERATIONAL RADIATION EFFECTS AT THE LEVEL OF LETHAL MUTATIONS AND SURVIVAL RATE ARE UNSTABLE AND DEPEND NOT ONLY ON THE LEVEL OF CHRONIC LOW-INTENSITY IRRADIATION, BUT ALSO ON OTHER FACTORS. A SINGLE ACUTE IRRADIATION EXPOSURE OF OFFSPRING WHOSE PARENTS INHABITED A SITE WITH A HIGHER LEVEL OF CHRONIC IRRADIATION MADE IT POSSIBLE TO REVEAL PRONOUNCED RADIORESISTANT FEATURES IN THE OFFSPRING. AND THE OFFSPRING WHOSE PARENTS WERE EXPOSED TO RADIATION LEVELS CLOSE TO THE NATURAL RADIATION BACKGROUND, ON THE CONTRARY, ACQUIRED RADIOSENSITIVE FEATURES. THEIR RESPONSE TO ACUTE EXPOSURE INCLUDES A HIGH-FREQUENCY OF LETHAL MUTATIONS AND A SHORT LIFESPAN. THE DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSE TO DIFFERENT LEVELS OF CHRONIC PARENTAL EXPOSURE IS CAUSED BY DIFFERENCES IN THE ACTIVITIES OF CERTAIN TRANSPOSONS THAT DESTABILIZE THE GENOME. OUR DATA CONTRIBUTE TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS (VIA TRANSPOSON ACTIVITY) OF THE EFFECT OF PARENTAL RADIATION EXPOSURE ON THE HEALTH AND ADAPTIVE POTENTIAL OF POPULATIONS AFFECTED BY THE TECHNOGENICALLY INCREASED RADIATION BACKGROUND.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
3  5848  29 SUBCLONES IN B-LYMPHOMA CELL LINES: ISOGENIC MODELS FOR THE STUDY OF GENE REGULATION. GENETIC HETEROGENEITY THOUGH COMMON IN TUMORS HAS BEEN RARELY DOCUMENTED IN CELL LINES. TO EXAMINE HOW OFTEN B-LYMPHOMA CELL LINES ARE COMPRISED OF SUBCLONES, WE PERFORMED IMMUNOGLOBULIN (IG) HEAVY CHAIN HYPERMUTATION ANALYSIS. REVEALING THAT SUBCLONES ARE NOT RARE IN B-CELL LYMPHOMA CELL LINES, 6/49 IG HYPERMUTATED CELL LINES (12%) CONSISTED OF SUBCLONES WITH INDIVIDUAL IG MUTATIONS. SUBCLONES WERE ALSO IDENTIFIED IN 2/284 LEUKEMIA/LYMPHOMA CELL LINES EXHIBITING BIMODAL CD MARKER EXPRESSION. WE SUCCESSFULLY ISOLATED 10 SUBCLONES FROM FOUR CELL LINES (HG3, SU-DHL-5, TMD-8, U-2932). WHOLE EXOME SEQUENCING WAS PERFORMED TO MOLECULARLY CHARACTERIZE THESE SUBCLONES. WE DESCRIBE IN DETAIL THE CLONAL STRUCTURE OF CELL LINE HG3, DERIVED FROM CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. HG3 CONSISTS OF THREE SUBCLONES EACH BEARING CLONE-SPECIFIC ABERRATIONS, GENE EXPRESSION AND DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS. WHILE DONOR PATIENT LEUKEMIC CELLS WERE CD5+, TWO OF THREE HG3 SUBCLONES HAD INDEPENDENTLY LOST THIS MARKER. CD5 ON HG3 CELLS WAS REGULATED BY EPIGENETIC/TRANSCRIPTIONAL MECHANISMS RATHER THAN BY ALTERNATIVE SPLICING AS REPORTED HITHERTO. IN CONCLUSION, WE SHOW THAT THE PRESENCE OF SUBCLONES IN CELL LINES CARRYING INDIVIDUAL MUTATIONS AND CHARACTERIZED BY SETS OF DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES IS NOT UNCOMMON. WE SHOW ALSO THAT THESE SUBCLONES CAN BE USEFUL ISOGENIC MODELS FOR REGULATORY AND FUNCTIONAL STUDIES.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
4  3215  36 HEAVY CHRONIC INTERMITTENT ETHANOL EXPOSURE ALTERS SMALL NONCODING RNAS IN MOUSE SPERM AND EPIDIDYMOSOMES. WHILE THE RISKS OF MATERNAL ALCOHOL ABUSE DURING PREGNANCY ARE WELL-ESTABLISHED, SEVERAL PRECLINICAL STUDIES SUGGEST THAT CHRONIC PRECONCEPTION ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION BY EITHER PARENT MAY ALSO HAVE SIGNIFICANCE CONSEQUENCES FOR OFFSPRING HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT. NOTABLY, SINCE ISOGENIC MALE MICE USED IN THESE STUDIES ARE NOT INVOLVED IN GESTATION OR REARING OF OFFSPRING, THE CROSS-GENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF PATERNAL ALCOHOL EXPOSURE SUGGEST A GERMLINE-BASED EPIGENETIC MECHANISM. MANY RECENT STUDIES HAVE DEMONSTRATED THAT THE EFFECTS OF PATERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES SUCH AS STRESS OR MALNUTRITION CAN BE TRANSMITTED TO THE NEXT GENERATION VIA ALTERATIONS TO SMALL NONCODING RNAS IN SPERM. THEREFORE, WE USED HIGH THROUGHPUT SEQUENCING TO EXAMINE THE EFFECT OF PRECONCEPTION ETHANOL ON SMALL NONCODING RNAS IN SPERM. WE FOUND THAT CHRONIC INTERMITTENT ETHANOL EXPOSURE ALTERED SEVERAL SMALL NONCODING RNAS FROM THREE OF THE MAJOR SMALL RNA CLASSES IN SPERM, TRNA-DERIVED SMALL RNA (TDR), MITOCHONDRIAL SMALL RNA, AND MICRORNA. SIX OF THE ETHANOL-RESPONSIVE SMALL NONCODING RNAS WERE EVALUATED WITH RT-QPCR ON A SEPARATE COHORT OF MICE AND FIVE OF THE SIX WERE CONFIRMED TO BE ALTERED BY CHRONIC ETHANOL EXPOSURE, SUPPORTING THE VALIDITY OF THE SEQUENCING RESULTS. IN ADDITION TO ALTERED SPERM RNA ABUNDANCE, CHRONIC ETHANOL EXPOSURE AFFECTED POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL MODIFICATIONS TO SPERM SMALL NONCODING RNAS, INCREASING TWO NUCLEOSIDE MODIFICATIONS PREVIOUSLY IDENTIFIED IN MITOCHONDRIAL TRNA. FURTHERMORE, WE FOUND THAT CHRONIC ETHANOL REDUCED EPIDIDYMAL EXPRESSION OF A TRNA METHYLTRANSFERASE, NSUN2, KNOWN TO DIRECTLY REGULATE TDR BIOGENESIS. FINALLY, ETHANOL-RESPONSIVE SPERM TDR ARE SIMILARLY ALTERED IN EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES OF THE EPIDIDYMIS (I.E., EPIDIDYMOSOMES), SUPPORTING THE HYPOTHESIS THAT ALTERATIONS TO SPERM TDR EMERGE IN THE EPIDIDYMIS AND THAT EPIDIDYMOSOMES ARE THE PRIMARY SOURCE OF SMALL NONCODING RNAS IN SPERM. THESE RESULTS ADD CHRONIC ETHANOL TO THE GROWING LIST OF PATERNAL EXPOSURES THAT CAN AFFECT SMALL NONCODING RNA ABUNDANCE AND NUCLEOSIDE MODIFICATIONS IN SPERM. AS SMALL NONCODING RNAS IN SPERM HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO CAUSALLY INDUCE HERITABLE PHENOTYPES IN OFFSPRING, ADDITIONAL RESEARCH IS WARRANTED TO UNDERSTAND THE POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF ETHANOL-RESPONSIVE SPERM SMALL NONCODING RNAS ON OFFSPRING HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT.	2018	
                                                                       
5  3991  33 LONGITUDINAL EFFECTS OF DEVELOPMENTAL BISPHENOL A, VARIABLE DIET, AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON AGE-RELATED METHYLATION IN BLOOD. RESEARCH INDICATES THAT ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS CAN ALTER DNA METHYLATION, BUT THE SPECIFIC EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES ON EPIGENETIC AGING REMAIN UNCLEAR. HERE, USING A MOUSE MODEL OF HUMAN-RELEVANT EXPOSURES, WE TESTED THE HYPOTHESIS THAT EARLY-LIFE EXPOSURE TO BISPHENOL A (BPA), VARIABLE DIET, AND/OR CHANGES IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY WOULD MODIFY RATES OF AGE-RELATED METHYLATION AT SEVERAL TARGET REGIONS, AS MEASURED FROM LONGITUDINAL BLOOD SAMPLES (2, 4, AND 10 MONTHS OLD). DNA METHYLATION WAS QUANTIFIED AT TWO REPETITIVE ELEMENTS (LINE-1, IAP), TWO IMPRINTED GENES (IGF2, H19), AND ONE NON-IMPRINTED GENE (ESR1) IN ISOGENIC MICE DEVELOPMENTALLY EXPOSED TO CONTROL, CONTROL + BPA (50 MICROG/KG DIET), WESTERN HIGH-FAT DIET (WHFD), OR WESTERN + BPA DIETS. IN BLOOD SAMPLES, ESR1 DNA METHYLATION INCREASED SIGNIFICANTLY WITH AGE, BUT NO OTHER INVESTIGATED LOCI SHOWED SIGNIFICANT AGE-RELATED METHYLATION. LINE-1 AND IAP BOTH SHOWED SIGNIFICANT NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL DEFLECTION BY WHFD EXPOSURE (P < 0.05). ESR1ALSO SHOWED SIGNIFICANT NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL DEFLECTION BY WHFD EXPOSURE IN FEMALE MICE (P = 0.02), BUT NOT MALE MICE. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY HAD A NON-SIGNIFICANT POSITIVE EFFECT ON AGE-RELATED ESR1 METHYLATION IN FEMALE BLOOD, SUGGESTING THAT IT MAY PARTIALLY ABROGATE THE EFFECTS OF WHFD ON THE AGING EPIGENOME. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT DEVELOPMENTAL NUTRITIONAL EXPOSURES CAN MODIFY AGE-RELATED DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS AT A GENE RELATED TO GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. AS SUCH, ENVIRONMENTAL DEFLECTION OF THE AGING EPIGENOME MAY HELP TO EXPLAIN THE GROWING PREVALENCE OF CHRONIC DISEASES IN HUMAN POPULATIONS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
6  1096  30 COINCUBATION OF SPERM WITH EPIDIDYMAL EXTRACELLULAR VESICLE PREPARATIONS FROM CHRONIC INTERMITTENT ETHANOL-TREATED MICE IS SUFFICIENT TO IMPART ANXIETY-LIKE AND ETHANOL-INDUCED BEHAVIORS TO ADULT PROGENY. WE PREVIOUSLY REPORTED THAT PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION CHRONIC ETHANOL EXPOSURE IN MICE IMPARTS ADULT MALE OFFSPRING WITH REDUCED ETHANOL DRINKING PREFERENCE AND CONSUMPTION, INCREASED ETHANOL SENSITIVITY, AND ATTENUATED STRESS RESPONSIVITY. THAT SAME CHRONIC ETHANOL EXPOSURE PARADIGM WAS LATER REVEALED TO AFFECT THE SPERM EPIGENOME BY ALTERING THE ABUNDANCE OF SEVERAL SMALL NONCODING RNAS, A MECHANISM THAT MEDIATES THE INTERGENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF NUMEROUS PATERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES. ALTHOUGH RECENT STUDIES HAVE REVEALED THAT THE UNIQUE RNA SIGNATURE OF SPERM IS SHAPED DURING MATURATION IN THE EPIDIDYMIS VIA EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES (EVS), FORMAL DEMONSTRATION THAT EVS MEDIATE THE EFFECTS OF PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION PERTURBATIONS IS LACKING. THEREFORE, IN THE CURRENT STUDY WE TESTED THE HYPOTHESIS THAT EPIDIDYMAL EV PREPARATIONS ARE SUFFICIENT TO INDUCE INTERGENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION ETHANOL EXPOSURE ON OFFSPRING. TO TEST THIS HYPOTHESIS, SPERM FROM ETHANOL-NAIVE DONORS WERE INCUBATED WITH EPIDIDYMAL EV PREPARATIONS FROM CHRONIC ETHANOL (ETHANOL EV-DONOR) OR CONTROL-TREATED (CONTROL EV-DONOR) MICE PRIOR TO IN VITRO FERTILIZATION (IVF) AND EMBRYO TRANSFER. PROGENY WERE EXAMINED FOR ETHANOL- AND STRESS-RELATED BEHAVIORS IN ADULTHOOD. ETHANOL EV-DONORS IMPARTED REDUCED BODY WEIGHT AT WEANING AND IMPARTED MODESTLY INCREASED LIMITED ACCESS ETHANOL INTAKE TO MALE OFFSPRING. ETHANOL-EV DONORS ALSO IMPARTED INCREASED BASAL ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR AND REDUCED SENSITIVITY TO ETHANOL-INDUCED ANXIOLYSIS TO FEMALE OFFSPRING. ALTHOUGH ETHANOL EV-DONOR TREATMENT DID NOT RECAPITULATE THE ETHANOL- OR STRESS-RELATED INTERGENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF PATERNAL ETHANOL FOLLOWING NATURAL MATING, THESE RESULTS DEMONSTRATE THAT COINCUBATION OF SPERM WITH EPIDIDYMAL EV PREPARATIONS IS SUFFICIENT TO IMPART INTERGENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF ETHANOL THROUGH THE MALE GERMLINE. THIS MECHANISM MAY GENERALIZE TO THE INTERGENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF A WIDE VARIETY OF PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION PERTURBATIONS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
7   277  36 AGE-RELATED EPIGENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION AND HYDROXYMETHYLATION IN LONGITUDINAL MOUSE BLOOD. DNA METHYLATION AT CYTOSINE-PHOSPHATE-GUANINE (CPG) DINUCLEOTIDES CHANGES AS A FUNCTION OF AGE IN HUMANS AND ANIMAL MODELS, A PROCESS THAT MAY CONTRIBUTE TO CHRONIC DISEASE DEVELOPMENT. RECENT STUDIES HAVE INVESTIGATED THE ROLE OF AN OXIDIZED FORM OF DNA METHYLATION - 5-HYDROXYMETHYLCYTOSINE (5HMC) - IN THE EPIGENOME, BUT ITS CONTRIBUTION TO AGE-RELATED DNA METHYLATION REMAINS UNCLEAR. WE TESTED THE HYPOTHESIS THAT 5HMC CHANGES WITH AGE, BUT IN A DIRECTION OPPOSITE TO 5-METHYLCYTOSINE (5MC), POTENTIALLY PLAYING A DISTINCT ROLE IN AGING. TO CHARACTERIZE EPIGENETIC AGING, GENOME-WIDE 5MC AND 5HMC WERE MEASURED IN LONGITUDINAL BLOOD SAMPLES (2, 4, AND 10 MONTHS OF AGE) FROM ISOGENIC MICE USING TWO SEQUENCING METHODS - ENHANCED REDUCED REPRESENTATION BISULFITE SEQUENCING AND HYDROXYMETHYLATED DNA IMMUNOPRECIPITATION SEQUENCING. EXAMINING THE EPIGENOME BY AGE, WE IDENTIFIED 28,196 UNIQUE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPGS (DMCS) AND 8,613 DIFFERENTIALLY HYDROXYMETHYLATED REGIONS (DHMRS). MOUSE BLOOD SHOWED A GENERAL PATTERN OF EPIGENOME-WIDE HYPERMETHYLATION AND HYPO-HYDROXYMETHYLATION WITH AGE. COMPARING AGE-RELATED DMCS AND DHMRS, 1,854 ANNOTATED GENES SHOWED BOTH DIFFERENTIAL 5MC AND 5HMC, INCLUDING ONE GENE - NFIC - AT FIVE CPGS IN THE SAME 250 BP CHROMOSOMAL REGION. AT THIS REGION, 5MC AND 5HMC LEVELS BOTH DECREASED WITH AGE. REFLECTING THESE AGE-RELATED EPIGENETIC CHANGES, NFIC RNA EXPRESSION IN BLOOD DECREASED WITH AGE, SUGGESTING THAT AGE-RELATED REGULATION OF THIS GENE MAY BE DRIVEN BY 5HMC, NOT CANONICAL DNA METHYLATION. COMBINED, OUR GENOME-WIDE RESULTS SHOW AGE-RELATED DIFFERENTIAL 5MC AND 5HMC, AS WELL AS SOME EVIDENCE THAT CHANGES IN 5HMC MAY DRIVE AGE-RELATED DNA METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
8  4943  27 PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION ALCOHOL EXPOSURE IMPARTS INTERGENERATIONAL ALCOHOL-RELATED BEHAVIORS TO MALE OFFSPRING ON A PURE C57BL/6J BACKGROUND. WHILE ALCOHOL USE DISORDER (AUD) IS A HIGHLY HERITABLE CONDITION, THE BASIS OF AUD IN FAMILIES WITH A HISTORY OF ALCOHOLISM IS DIFFICULT TO EXPLAIN BY GENETIC VARIATION ALONE. EMERGING EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT PARENTAL EXPERIENCE PRIOR TO CONCEPTION CAN AFFECT INHERITANCE OF COMPLEX BEHAVIORS IN OFFSPRING VIA NON-GENOMIC (EPIGENETIC) MECHANISMS. FOR INSTANCE, MALE C57BL/6J (B6) MICE EXPOSED TO CHRONIC INTERMITTENT VAPOR ETHANOL (CIE) PRIOR TO MATING WITH STRAIN 129S1/SVIMJ ETHANOL-NAIVE FEMALES PRODUCE MALE OFFSPRING WITH REDUCED ETHANOL-DRINKING PREFERENCE, INCREASED ETHANOL SENSITIVITY, AND INCREASED BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) EXPRESSION IN THE VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA (VTA). IN THE PRESENT STUDY, WE TESTED THE HYPOTHESIS THAT THESE INTERGENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF PATERNAL CIE ARE REPRODUCIBLE IN MALE OFFSPRING ON AN INBRED B6 BACKGROUND. TO THIS END, B6 MALES WERE EXPOSED TO 6 WEEKS OF CIE (OR ROOM AIR AS A CONTROL) BEFORE MATING WITH ETHANOL-NAIVE B6 FEMALES TO PRODUCE ETHANOL (E)-SIRED AND CONTROL (C)-SIRED MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING. WE OBSERVED A SEX-SPECIFIC EFFECT, AS E-SIRED MALES EXHIBITED DECREASED TWO-BOTTLE FREE-CHOICE ETHANOL-DRINKING PREFERENCE, INCREASED SENSITIVITY TO THE ANXIOLYTIC EFFECTS OF ETHANOL, AND INCREASED VTA BDNF EXPRESSION; NO DIFFERENCES WERE OBSERVED IN FEMALE OFFSPRING. THESE FINDINGS CONFIRM AND EXTEND OUR PREVIOUS RESULTS BY DEMONSTRATING THAT THE EFFECTS OF PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION ETHANOL ARE REPRODUCIBLE USING GENETICALLY IDENTICAL, INBRED B6 ANIMALS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
9  4944  23 PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION ETHANOL EXPOSURE BLUNTS HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS RESPONSIVITY AND STRESS-INDUCED EXCESSIVE FLUID INTAKE IN MALE MICE. A GROWING NUMBER OF ENVIRONMENTAL INSULTS HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO INDUCE EPIGENETIC EFFECTS THAT PERSIST ACROSS GENERATIONS. FOR INSTANCE, PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION EXPOSURES TO ETHANOL OR STRESS HAVE INDEPENDENTLY BEEN SHOWN TO EXERT SUCH INTERGENERATIONAL EFFECTS. SINCE ETHANOL EXPOSURE IS A PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESSOR THAT ACTIVATES THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL (HPA) AXIS, WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT PATERNAL ETHANOL EXPOSURE WOULD IMPACT STRESS RESPONSIVITY OF OFFSPRING. ADULT MALE MICE WERE EXPOSED TO CHRONIC INTERMITTENT VAPOR ETHANOL OR CONTROL CONDITIONS FOR 5 WEEKS BEFORE BEING MATED WITH ETHANOL-NAIVE FEMALES TO PRODUCE ETHANOL (E)- AND CONTROL (C)-SIRED OFFSPRING. ADULT MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING WERE TESTED FOR PLASMA CORTICOSTERONE (CORT) LEVELS FOLLOWING ACUTE RESTRAINT STRESS AND THE MALE OFFSPRING WERE FURTHER EXAMINED FOR STRESS-EVOKED 2-BOTTLE CHOICE ETHANOL-DRINKING. PATERNAL ETHANOL EXPOSURE BLUNTED PLASMA CORT LEVELS FOLLOWING ACUTE RESTRAINT STRESS SELECTIVELY IN MALE OFFSPRING; FEMALES WERE UNAFFECTED. IN A STRESS-EVOKED ETHANOL-DRINKING ASSAY, THERE WAS NO EFFECT OF STRESS ON ETHANOL CONSUMPTION. HOWEVER, C-SIRED MALES EXHIBITED INCREASED TOTAL FLUID INTAKE (POLYDIPSIA) IN RESPONSE TO STRESS WHILE E-SIRED MALES WERE RESISTANT TO THIS STRESS-INDUCED PHENOTYPE. TAKEN TOGETHER, THESE DATA SUGGEST THAT PATERNAL ETHANOL EXPOSURE IMPARTS STRESS HYPORESPONSIVITY TO MALE OFFSPRING.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
10   326  29 ALLELIC SILENCING AT THE TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR LOCUS 13Q14.3 SUGGESTS AN EPIGENETIC TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR MECHANISM. GENOMIC MATERIAL FROM CHROMOSOME BAND 13Q14.3 DISTAL TO THE RETINOBLASTOMA LOCUS IS RECURRENTLY LOST IN A VARIETY OF HUMAN NEOPLASMS, INDICATING AN AS-YET-UNIDENTIFIED TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR MECHANISM. NO PATHOGENIC MUTATIONS HAVE BEEN FOUND IN THE MINIMALLY DELETED REGION UNTIL NOW. HOWEVER, IN B CELL CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA TUMORS WITH LOSS OF ONE COPY OF THE CRITICAL REGION, RESPECTIVE CANDIDATE TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENES ARE DOWN-REGULATED BY A FACTOR >2, WHICH WOULD BE EXPECTED BY A NORMAL GENE-DOSAGE EFFECT. THIS FINDING POINTS TO AN EPIGENETIC PATHOMECHANISM. WE FIND THAT THE TWO COPIES OF THE CRITICAL REGION REPLICATE ASYNCHRONOUSLY, SUGGESTING DIFFERENTIAL CHROMATIN PACKAGING OF THE TWO COPIES OF 13Q14.3. ALTHOUGH WE ALSO DETECT MONOALLELIC SILENCING OF GENES LOCALIZED IN THE CRITICAL REGION, MONOALLELIC EXPRESSION ORIGINATES FROM EITHER THE MATERNAL OR PATERNAL COPY, EXCLUDING AN IMPRINTING MECHANISM. DNA METHYLATION ANALYSES REVEALED ONE CPG ISLAND OF THE REGION TO BE METHYLATED. DNA DEMETHYLATION OF THIS CPG ISLAND AND GLOBAL HISTONE HYPERACETYLATION INDUCED BIALLELIC EXPRESSION, WHEREAS REPLICATION TIMING WAS NOT AFFECTED. WE PROPOSE THAT DIFFERENTIAL REPLICATION TIMING REPRESENTS AN EARLY EPIGENETIC MARK THAT DISTINGUISHES THE TWO COPIES OF 13Q14.3, RESULTING IN DIFFERENTIAL CHROMATIN PACKAGING AND MONOALLELIC EXPRESSION. ACCORDINGLY, DELETION OF THE SINGLE ACTIVE COPY OF 13Q14.3 RESULTS IN SIGNIFICANT DOWN-REGULATION OF THE CANDIDATE GENES AND LOSS OF FUNCTION, PROVIDING A MODEL FOR THE INTERACTION OF GENETIC LESIONS AND EPIGENETIC SILENCING AT 13Q14.3 IN B CELL CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA.	2006	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
11   909  29 CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO ETHANOL IN MALE MICE MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH HEARING LOSS IN OFFSPRING. ALTHOUGH PATERNAL ETHANOL (ETOH) ABUSE HAS BEEN SHOWN TO AFFECT THE GROWTH AND BEHAVIOR OF OFFSPRING, THE EXACT MOLECULAR AND MECHANISTIC BASIS REMAINS LARGELY UNCLEAR. METHYLATION ALTERATIONS IN IMPRINTED GENES MAY BE RELATED TO WELL-DOCUMENTED TERATOGENIC EFFECTS OF ETHANOL. HERE WE SHOW THAT CHRONIC PATERNAL ETHANOL EXPOSURE INCREASES THE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR IN OFFSPRING THROUGH MALE GAME EPIGENETIC ALTERATION. IN OUR STUDY, DIFFERENT DOSES OF ETHANOL (0, 1.1, 3.3 G KG-1 ) WERE ADMINISTERED INTRA-GASTRICALLY TO MALE MICE AND DECREASED SPERM MOTILITY WAS FOUND IN THE HIGHEST ETHANOL-EXPOSED GROUP COMPARED WITH THE CONTROLS. DATA ALSO SHOWED A DOSE-DEPENDENT INCREASE IN DEAF MICE OF THE PATERNALLY ETHANOL-EXPOSED GROUPS. THE METHYLATION OF H19, PEG3, NDN AND SNRPN WAS ASSESSED IN PATERNAL SPERMATOZOA AND IN THE CEREBRAL CORTICES OF DEAF MICE. ETOH AFFECTED METHYLATION OF PEG3 (CPG 3, 7 AND 9) IN PATERNAL SPERMATOZOA AND IN THE CEREBRAL CORTICES OF DEAF MICE, BUT THE LEVEL OF MRNA EXPRESSION DID NOT CHANGE, SUGGESTING THAT OTHER GENE REGULATION MAY BE INVOLVED IN THESE PROCESSES. OVERALL, CHRONIC PATERNAL ETHANOL EXPOSURE COULD ALTER THE METHYLATION OF IMPRINTED GENES IN SIRE SPERMATOZOA THAT COULD ALSO BE PASSED ON TO OFFSPRING, GIVING RISE TO DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS. OUR RESULTS PROVIDE POSSIBLE EPIGENETIC EVIDENCE FOR A PATERNAL ETHANOL EXPOSURE CONTRIBUTION TO FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME (FAS).	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
12    73  33 A MULTI-GENERATIONAL STUDY ON LOW-DOSE BPA EXPOSURE IN WISTAR RATS: EFFECTS ON MATERNAL BEHAVIOR, FLAVOR INTAKE AND DEVELOPMENT. BISPHENOL A (BPA) IS A COMMON ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR FOUND AS AN ENVIRONMENTAL AND FOOD CONTAMINANT. IT EXERTS BOTH DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS, MAINLY WHEN EXPOSURE OCCURS IN EARLY LIFE. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE THE MULTI-GENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF CHRONIC, HUMAN-RELEVANT LOW-DOSE EXPOSURE TO BPA ON DEVELOPMENT, MATERNAL BEHAVIOR AND FLAVOR PREFERENCE IN WISTAR RATS. BPA WAS ORALLY ADMINISTERED AT A DAILY DOSE OF 5 MUG/KG BODY WEIGHT TO F0 PREGNANT DAMS FROM THE FIRST DAY OF GESTATION (GD 1) UNTIL THE LAST DAY OF LACTATION (LD 21), AND THEN TO F1 OFFSPRING FROM WEANING (PND 21) TO ADULTHOOD (PND 100). F2 OFFSPRING WERE NOT EXPOSED. DEVELOPMENT AND CLINICAL SIGNS OF TOXICITY WERE ASSESSED DAILY. MATERNAL BEHAVIOR WAS EVALUATED BY OBSERVING NURSING AND PUP-CARING ACTIONS, AS WELL AS "NON-MATERNAL" BEHAVIORS IN F0 AND F1 DAMS FROM PARTURITION UNTIL LD 8. THE FLAVOR PREFERENCES OF F1 AND F2 OFFSPRING WERE EVALUATED BASED ON THE INTAKE OF SWEET, SALT AND FAT SOLUTIONS USING THE TWO-BOTTLE CHOICE TEST ON PND 21-34 AND PND 86-99. BPA EXPOSURE: 1) DECREASED MATERNAL BEHAVIOR IN F1 DAMS, 2) CAUSED DEVELOPMENTAL DEFECTS IN BOTH F1 AND F2 OFFSPRING, WITH A NOTICEABLE DECREASE IN ANOGENITAL DISTANCE IN MALE RATS, AND 3) DID NOT AFFECT FLAVORED SOLUTION INTAKE IN F1, BUT INDUCED CHANGES IN SWEET PREFERENCE IN F2 JUVENILES AND IN SALT AND FAT SOLUTION INTAKES IN F2 ADULTS, AND 4) INDUCED A BODY WEIGHT INCREASE IN THE F2 GENERATION ONLY, WHEREAS FOOD INTAKE AND WATER CONSUMPTION DID NOT CHANGE. TAKEN AS A WHOLE, OUR FINDINGS SHOWED THAT BOTH GESTATIONAL (F0) AND LIFELONG (F1) EXPOSURES TO A HUMAN-RELEVANT DOSE OF BPA COULD INDUCE MULTI-GENERATIONAL EFFECTS ON BOTH DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST POSSIBLE SELECTIVE NEUROENDOCRINE DEFECTS AND/OR EPIGENETIC CHANGES CAUSED BY BPA EXPOSURE.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
13  4930  33 PATERNAL ALCOHOL EXPOSURE REDUCES ACQUISITION OF OPERANT ALCOHOL SELF-ADMINISTRATION AND AFFECTS BDNF DNA METHYLATION IN MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING. FAMILIAL TRANSMISSION OF ALCOHOL USE DISORDER REFLECTS GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS. PATERNAL ALCOHOL EXPOSURE MAY AFFECT RODENT OFFSPRING VIA EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS TRANSMITTED THROUGH THE MALE GERM LINE. WHILE SUCH EXPOSURE ALTERS ALCOHOL SENSITIVITY IN MOUSE OFFSPRING, NO STUDIES EXAMINED IF IT IMPACTS THE DEVELOPMENT OF OPERANT ALCOHOL SELF-ADMINISTRATION IN RATS. WE EXPOSED MALE (SIRES) WISTAR RATS TO CHRONIC INTERMITTENT ETHANOL IN VAPOUR CHAMBERS (16 H/DAY; 5 DAYS/WEEK) OR TO AIR FOR 6 WEEKS. EIGHT WEEKS LATER, RATS WERE MATED WITH ALCOHOL-NAIVE FEMALES. ADULT ALCOHOL- AND CONTROL-SIRED F1 OFFSPRING WERE ASSESSED IN ACQUISITION OF ALCOHOL SELF-ADMINISTRATION IN WHICH INCREASING ALCOHOL CONCENTRATIONS (2.5%, 5% AND 10%, V/V) WERE DELIVERED AFTER ONE LEVER PRESS (FIXED RATIO 1 OR FR1). PRIOR TO ALCOHOL SESSIONS, RATS WERE TRAINED TO LEVER PRESS FOR FOOD DELIVERY UNDER AN FR1 SCHEDULE OF REINFORCEMENT. DNA METHYLATION LEVELS OF THE BRAIN DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) GENE WERE MEASURED IN SPERM, NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS (NAC) AND MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX (MPFC) IN SIRES AND IN OFFSPRING. ALCOHOL-EXPOSED SIRES HAD LOWER BDNF DNA METHYLATION LEVELS IN NAC AND GREATER METHYLATION LEVELS IN MPFC. ALTHOUGH THIS PATTERN WAS NOT RECAPITULATED IN OFFSPRING, ALCOHOL-SIRED OFFSPRING OF BOTH SEXES DID SHOW ABERRANT BDNF DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS COMPARED TO CONTROL-SIRED OFFSPRING. ALCOHOL-SIRED OFFSPRING SELF-ADMINISTERED LESS ALCOHOL (5% AND 10%) WITH NO GROUP DIFFERENCES IN FOOD RESPONDING. RESULTS INDICATE THAT PATERNAL ALCOHOL EXPOSURE PRIOR TO CONCEPTION PROTECTS AGAINST ALCOHOL'S INITIAL REINFORCING EFFECTS BUT THE PATTERN OF DYSREGULATED BDNF METHYLATION IN REWARD-RELATED CIRCUITRY DID NOT MIMIC CHANGES SEEN IN SIRES.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
14  3714  34 INHERITANCE OF SOCIAL DOMINANCE IS ASSOCIATED WITH GLOBAL SPERM DNA METHYLATION IN INBRED MALE MICE. DOMINANCE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN MALES AND THEIR ASSOCIATED TRAITS ARE USUALLY HERITABLE AND HAVE IMPLICATIONS FOR SEXUAL SELECTION IN ANIMALS. IN PARTICULAR, SOCIAL DOMINANCE AND ITS RELATED MALE PHEROMONES ARE HERITABLE IN INBRED MICE; THUS, WE WONDERED WHETHER EPIGENETIC CHANGES DUE TO ALTERED LEVELS OF DNA METHYLATION DETERMINE INHERITANCE. HERE, WE USED C57BL/6 MALE MICE TO ESTABLISH A SOCIAL DOMINANCE-SUBORDINATION RELATIONSHIP THROUGH CHRONIC DYADIC ENCOUNTERS, AND THIS RELATIONSHIP AND PHEROMONE COVARIATION OCCURRED IN THEIR OFFSPRING, INDICATIVE OF HERITABILITY. THROUGH TRANSCRIPTOME SEQUENCING AND WHOLE-GENOME DNA METHYLATION PROFILING OF THE SPERM OF BOTH GENERATIONS, WE FOUND THAT DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION OF MANY GENES WAS INDUCED BY SOCIAL DOMINANCE-SUBORDINATION IN SIRES AND COULD BE PASSED ON TO THE OFFSPRING. THESE METHYLATED GENES WERE MAINLY RELATED TO GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES, NEURODEVELOPMENT, AND CELLULAR TRANSPORTATION. THE EXPRESSION OF THE GENES WITH SIMILAR FUNCTIONS IN WHOLE-GENOME METHYLATION/BISULFITE SEQUENCING WAS ALSO DIFFERENTIATED BY SOCIAL DOMINANCE-SUBORDINATION, AS REVEALED BY RNA-SEQ. IN PARTICULAR, THE GENE DENND1A, WHICH REGULATES NEURAL SIGNALING, WAS DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED AND EXPRESSED IN THE SPERM AND MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX IN PAIRED MALES BEFORE AND AFTER DOMINANCE-SUBORDINATION ESTABLISHMENT, SUGGESTING THE POTENTIAL EPIGENETIC CONTROL AND INHERITANCE OF SOCIAL DOMINANCE-RELATED AGGRESSION. WE SUGGEST THAT SOCIAL DOMINANCE MIGHT BE PASSED ON TO MALE OFFSPRING THROUGH SPERM DNA METHYLATION AND THAT THE DIFFERENCES COULD POTENTIALLY AFFECT MALE COMPETITION IN OFFSPRING BY AFFECTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
15  4945  21 PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION EVERY-OTHER-DAY ETHANOL DRINKING ALTERS BEHAVIOR AND ETHANOL CONSUMPTION IN OFFSPRING. ALCOHOL USE DISORDER IS A DEVASTATING DISEASE WITH A COMPLEX ETIOLOGY. RECENT PRECLINICAL STUDIES HAVE REVEALED THAT PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION CHRONIC INTERMITTENT ETHANOL (ETOH) EXPOSURE VIA VAPORIZED ETOH ALTERED DRINKING BEHAVIORS AND SENSITIVITY TO ETOH SELECTIVELY IN MALE OFFSPRING. IN THE CURRENT STUDY, WE USED A VOLUNTARY ORAL ROUTE OF PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION ETOH EXPOSURE, I.E., INTERMITTENT EVERY-OTHER-DAY TWO-BOTTLE CHOICE DRINKING, AND TESTED OFFSPRING FOR BEHAVIORAL ALTERATIONS. FIFTEEN ETOH DRINKING SIRES AND 10 CONTROL SIRES WERE MATED TO ETOH NAIVE FEMALES TO PRODUCE ETOH-SIRED AND CONTROL-SIRED OFFSPRING. THESE OFFSPRING WERE TESTED USING THE ELEVATED PLUS MAZE, OPEN FIELD, DRINKING IN THE DARK, AND UNLIMITED ACCESS TWO-BOTTLE CHOICE ASSAYS. WE FOUND THAT PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION EVERY-OTHER-DAY TWO-BOTTLE CHOICE DRINKING RESULTED IN REDUCED ETOH CONSUMPTION SELECTIVELY IN MALE OFFSPRING IN THE DRINKING IN THE DARK ASSAY COMPARED TO CONTROL-SIRED OFFSPRING. NO DIFFERENCES WERE DETECTED IN EITHER SEX IN THE UNLIMITED ACCESS TWO-BOTTLE CHOICE AND ELEVATED PLUS MAZE ASSAYS. OPEN FIELD ANALYSIS REVEALED COMPLEX CHANGES IN BASAL BEHAVIOR AND ETOH-INDUCED BEHAVIORS THAT WERE SEX SPECIFIC. WE CONCLUDED THAT PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION VOLUNTARY ETOH CONSUMPTION HAS PERSISTENT EFFECTS THAT IMPACT THE NEXT GENERATION. THIS STUDY ADDS TO A GROWING APPRECIATION THAT ONE'S BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE TO ETOH AND ETOH DRINKING BEHAVIOR ARE IMPACTED BY ETOH EXPOSURE OF THE PRIOR GENERATION.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
16  6559  20 TRANSGENERATIONAL INFLUENCE OF PARENTAL MORPHINE EXPOSURE ON PAIN PERCEPTION, ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR AND PASSIVE AVOIDANCE MEMORY AMONG MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING OF WISTAR RATS. ACCUMULATING EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE FORMATION AND MAINTENANCE OF MEMORY WITHIN THE BRAIN. MOREOVER, THE EFFECT OF PARENTAL DRUG-EXPOSURE BEFORE GESTATION ON BEHAVIORAL STATE OF OFFSPRING HAS BEEN LITTLE STUDIED. THE MAIN OBJECTIVE OF THE CURRENT STUDY IS TO EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF PARENTAL MORPHINE EXPOSURE ON AVOIDANCE MEMORY, MORPHINE PREFERENCE AND ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR OF OFFSPRING. THE TOTAL OF 32 MALES AND 32 FEMALES WERE USED FOR MATING. THE ANIMALS WERE TREATED WITH MORPHINE. THE OFFSPRING ACCORDING TO THEIR PARENTAL MORPHINE TREATMENT WAS DIVIDED INTO FOUR GROUPS (N=16) INCLUDING PATERNALLY TREATED, MATERNALLY TREATED, BOTH OF PARENTS TREATED AND NAIVE ANIMALS. THE PAIN PERCEPTION, ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR, AND AVOIDANCE MEMORY WERE EVALUATED IN THE OFFSPRING. IN THE CURRENT STUDY, THE TOTAL OF 256 OFFSPRING WAS USED FOR THE EXPERIMENTS (4 TASKS X 4 GROUPS OF OFFSPRING X 8 FEMALE OFFSPRING X 8 MALE OFFSPRING). THE FINDING REVEALED THAT THE AVOIDANCE MEMORY AND VISCERAL PAIN WERE REDUCED SIGNIFICANTLY IN MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING WITH AT LEAST ONE MORPHINE-TREATED PARENT. MOREOVER, ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR WAS REDUCED SIGNIFICANTLY IN THE MALE OFFSPRING WITH AT LEAST ONE MORPHINE-TREATED PARENT. WHILE ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR WAS INCREASED SIGNIFICANTLY IN FEMALE OFFSPRING THAT WERE TREATED BY MORPHINE EITHER MATERNALLY OR BOTH OF PARENTS. THE DATA REVEALED THAT THE ENDOGENOUS OPIOID SYSTEM MAY BE ALTERED IN THE OFFSPRING OF MORPHINE-TREATED PARENT(S), AND EPIGENETIC ROLE COULD BE IMPORTANT. HOWEVER, ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SIGNIFIED THE IMPORTANT ROLE OF MATERNAL INHERITANCE.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
17  1784  38 EFFECT OF ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION ON CPG METHYLATION IN THE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS OF H19 AND IG-DMR IN MALE GAMETES: IMPLICATIONS FOR FETAL ALCOHOL SPECTRUM DISORDERS. BACKGROUND: EXPOSURE TO ALCOHOL IN UTERO IS THE MAIN ATTRIBUTABLE CAUSE OF FETAL ALCOHOL SPECTRUM DISORDERS (FASD) WHICH IN ITS MOST SEVERE FORM IS CHARACTERIZED BY IRREVERSIBLE BEHAVIORAL AND COGNITIVE DISABILITY. PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION DRINKING IS NOT CONSIDERED TO BE A SIGNIFICANT RISK FACTOR, EVEN THOUGH ANIMAL STUDIES HAVE DEMONSTRATED THAT CHRONIC PATERNAL ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION HAS A DETRIMENTAL EFFECT ON THE PHYSICAL AND MENTAL DEVELOPMENT OF OFFSPRING EVEN IN THE ABSENCE OF IN UTERO ALCOHOL EXPOSURE. IT HAS BEEN DOCUMENTED THAT ALCOHOL CAN REDUCE THE LEVELS AND ACTIVITY OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES RESULTING IN DNA HYPOMETHYLATION AND THAT REDUCED METHYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY CAN CAUSE ACTIVATION OF NORMALLY SILENCED GENES. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO ESTABLISH A LINK BETWEEN ALCOHOL USE IN MEN AND HYPOMETHYLATION OF PATERNALLY IMPRINTED LOCI IN SPERM DNA IN GENOMIC REGIONS CRITICAL FOR EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT, THUS PROVIDING A MECHANISM FOR PATERNAL EFFECTS IN THE AETIOLOGY OF FASD. METHODS: SPERM DNA FROM MALE VOLUNTEERS WAS BISULFITE TREATED AND THE METHYLATION PATTERNS OF 2 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS (DMRS), H19 AND IG-DMR, ANALYZED FOLLOWING SEQUENCING OF INDIVIDUAL CLONES. THE METHYLATION PATTERNS WERE CORRELATED WITH THE ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION LEVELS OF THE VOLUNTEER MALES. RESULTS: THERE WAS A PATTERN OF INCREASED DEMETHYLATION WITH ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AT THE 2 IMPRINTED LOCI WITH A SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE OBSERVED AT THE IG-DMR BETWEEN THE NONDRINKING AND HEAVY ALCOHOL CONSUMING GROUPS. GREATER INTER-INDIVIDUAL VARIATION IN AVERAGE METHYLATION WAS OBSERVED AT THE H19 DMR AND INDIVIDUAL CLONES WERE MORE EXTENSIVELY DEMETHYLATED THAN THOSE OF THE IG-DMR. CPG SITE #4 IN THE IG-DMR WAS PREFERENTIALLY DEMETHYLATED AMONG ALL INDIVIDUALS AND ALONG WITH THE H19 DMR CPG SITE #7 LOCATED WITHIN THE CTCF BINDING SITE 6 SHOWED SIGNIFICANT DEMETHYLATION IN THE ALCOHOL CONSUMING GROUPS COMPARED WITH THE CONTROL GROUP. CONCLUSION: THIS STUDY DEMONSTRATES A CORRELATION BETWEEN CHRONIC ALCOHOL USE AND DEMETHYLATION OF NORMALLY HYPERMETHYLATED IMPRINTED REGIONS IN SPERM DNA. WE HYPOTHESIZE THAT, SHOULD THESE EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN IMPRINTED GENES BE TRANSMITTED THROUGH FERTILIZATION, THEY WOULD ALTER THE CRITICAL GENE EXPRESSION DOSAGES REQUIRED FOR NORMAL PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT RESULTING IN OFFSPRING WITH FEATURES OF FASD.	2009	

18  4949  27 PATERNAL TRANSMISSION OF STRESS-INDUCED PATHOLOGIES. BACKGROUND: THERE HAS BEEN RECENT INTEREST IN THE POSSIBILITY THAT EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS MIGHT CONTRIBUTE TO THE TRANSGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION OF STRESS-INDUCED VULNERABILITY. HERE, WE FOCUSED ON POSSIBLE PATERNAL TRANSMISSION WITH THE SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS PARADIGM. METHODS: ADULT MALE MICE EXPOSED TO CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS OR CONTROL NONDEFEATED MICE WERE BRED WITH NORMAL FEMALE MICE, AND THEIR OFFSPRING WERE ASSESSED BEHAVIORALLY FOR DEPRESSIVE- AND ANXIETY-LIKE MEASURES. PLASMA LEVELS OF CORTICOSTERONE AND VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR WERE ALSO ASSAYED. TO DIRECTLY ASSESS THE ROLE OF EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS, WE USED IN VITRO FERTILIZATION (IVF); BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENTS WERE CONDUCTED ON OFFSPRING OF MICE FROM IVF-CONTROL AND IVF-DEFEATED FATHERS. RESULTS: WE SHOW THAT BOTH MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING FROM DEFEATED FATHERS EXHIBIT INCREASED MEASURES OF SEVERAL DEPRESSION- AND ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIORS. THE MALE OFFSPRING OF DEFEATED FATHERS ALSO DISPLAY INCREASED BASELINE PLASMA LEVELS OF CORTICOSTERONE AND DECREASED LEVELS OF VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR. HOWEVER, MOST OF THESE BEHAVIORAL CHANGES WERE NOT OBSERVED WHEN OFFSPRING WERE GENERATED THROUGH IVF. CONCLUSIONS: THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT, ALTHOUGH BEHAVIORAL ADAPTATIONS THAT OCCUR AFTER CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS CAN BE TRANSMITTED FROM THE FATHER TO HIS MALE AND FEMALE F1 PROGENY, ONLY VERY SUBTLE CHANGES MIGHT BE TRANSMITTED EPIGENETICALLY UNDER THE CONDITIONS TESTED.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
19  6552  29 TRANSGENERATIONAL DNA METHYLATION CHANGES IN DAPHNIA MAGNA EXPOSED TO CHRONIC GAMMA IRRADIATION. OUR AIM WAS TO INVESTIGATE EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN DAPHNIA MAGNA AFTER A 25-DAY CHRONIC EXTERNAL GAMMA IRRADIATION (GENERATION F0 EXPOSED TO 6.5 MUGY.H(-1) OR 41.3 MGY.H(-1)) AND THEIR POTENTIAL INHERITANCE BY SUBSEQUENT RECOVERING GENERATIONS, NAMELY, F2 (EXPOSED AS GERMLINE CELLS IN F1 EMBRYOS) AND F3 (THE FIRST TRULY UNEXPOSED GENERATION). EFFECTS ON SURVIVAL, GROWTH, AND REPRODUCTION WERE OBSERVED AND DNA WAS EXTRACTED FOR WHOLE-GENOME BISULFITE SEQUENCING IN ALL GENERATIONS. RESULTS SHOWED EFFECTS ON REPRODUCTION IN F0 BUT NO EFFECT IN THE SUBSEQUENT GENERATIONS F1, F2, AND F3. IN CONTRAST, WE OBSERVED SIGNIFICANT METHYLATION CHANGES AT SPECIFIC CPG POSITIONS IN EVERY GENERATION INDEPENDENT OF DOSE RATE, WITH A MAJORITY OF HYPOMETHYLATION. SOME OF THESE CHANGES WERE SHARED BETWEEN DOSE RATES AND BETWEEN GENERATIONS. ASSOCIATED GENE FUNCTIONS INCLUDED GENE FAMILIES AND GENES THAT WERE PREVIOUSLY SHOWN TO PLAY ROLES DURING EXPOSURE TO IONIZING RADIATION. COMMON METHYLATION CHANGES DETECTED BETWEEN GENERATIONS F2 AND F3 CLEARLY SHOWED THAT EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS CAN BE TRANSMITTED TO UNEXPOSED GENERATIONS, MOST LIKELY THROUGH THE GERMLINE, WITH POTENTIAL IMPLICATIONS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RISK.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
20  4931  33 PATERNAL ALCOHOL EXPOSURE REDUCES ALCOHOL DRINKING AND INCREASES BEHAVIORAL SENSITIVITY TO ALCOHOL SELECTIVELY IN MALE OFFSPRING. ALCOHOL USE DISORDER (AUD) IS HERITABLE, BUT THE GENETIC BASIS FOR THIS DISEASE REMAINS POORLY UNDERSTOOD. ALTHOUGH NUMEROUS GENE VARIANTS HAVE BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH AUD, THESE VARIANTS ACCOUNT FOR ONLY A SMALL FRACTION OF THE TOTAL RISK. THE IDEA OF INHERITANCE OF ACQUIRED CHARACTERISTICS, I.E. "EPIGENETIC INHERITANCE," IS RE-EMERGING AS A PROVEN ADJUNCT TO TRADITIONAL MODES OF GENETIC INHERITANCE. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT ALCOHOL DRINKING AND NEUROBIOLOGICAL SENSITIVITY TO ALCOHOL ARE INFLUENCED BY ANCESTRAL ALCOHOL EXPOSURE. TO TEST THIS HYPOTHESIS, WE EXPOSED MALE MICE TO CHRONIC VAPOR ETHANOL OR CONTROL CONDITIONS, MATED THEM TO ETHANOL-NAIVE FEMALES, AND TESTED ADULT OFFSPRING FOR ETHANOL DRINKING, ETHANOL-INDUCED BEHAVIORS, GENE EXPRESSION, AND DNA METHYLATION. WE FOUND THAT ETHANOL-SIRED MALE OFFSPRING HAD REDUCED ETHANOL PREFERENCE AND CONSUMPTION, ENHANCED SENSITIVITY TO THE ANXIOLYTIC AND MOTOR-ENHANCING EFFECTS OF ETHANOL, AND INCREASED BDNF EXPRESSION IN THE VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA (VTA) COMPARED TO CONTROL-SIRED MALE OFFSPRING. THERE WERE NO DIFFERENCES AMONG ETHANOL- AND CONTROL-SIRED FEMALE OFFSPRING ON THESE ASSAYS. ETHANOL EXPOSURE ALSO DECREASED DNA METHYLATION AT THE BDNFAEPROMOTER OF SIRE'S GERM CELLS AND HYPOMETHYLATION WAS MAINTAINED IN THE VTA OF BOTH MALE AND FEMALE ETHANOL-SIRED OFFSPRING. OUR FINDINGS SHOW THAT PATERNAL ALCOHOL EXPOSURE IS A PREVIOUSLY UNRECOGNIZED REGULATOR OF ALCOHOL DRINKING AND BEHAVIORAL SENSITIVITY TO ALCOHOL IN MALE, BUT NOT FEMALE, OFFSPRING. PATERNAL ALCOHOL EXPOSURE ALSO INDUCES EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS (DNA HYPOMETHYLATION) AND GENE EXPRESSION CHANGES THAT PERSIST IN THE VTA OF OFFSPRING. THESE RESULTS PROVIDE NEW INSIGHT INTO THE INHERITANCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF ALCOHOL DRINKING BEHAVIORS.	2014