1  2040 133 EPIGENETIC CHANGES WITH DIETARY SOY IN CYNOMOLGUS MONKEYS. NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTIONS ARE IMPORTANT ALTERNATIVES FOR REDUCING THE PREVALENCE OF MANY CHRONIC DISEASES. SOY IS A GOOD SOURCE OF PROTEIN THAT CONTAINS ISOFLAVONES, INCLUDING GENISTEIN AND DAIDZEIN, AND MAY ALTER THE RISK OF OBESITY, TYPE 2 DIABETES, OSTEOPOROSIS, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, AND REPRODUCTIVE CANCERS. WE HAVE SHOWN PREVIOUSLY IN NONHUMAN PRIMATES THAT SOY PROTEIN CONTAINING ISOFLAVONES LEADS TO IMPROVED BODY WEIGHT, INSULIN SENSITIVITY, LIPID PROFILES, AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS COMPARED TO PROTEIN WITHOUT SOY ISOFLAVONES (CASEIN), AND DOES NOT INCREASE THE RISK OF CANCER. SINCE GENISTEIN HAS BEEN SHOWN TO ALTER DNA METHYLATION, WE COMPARED THE METHYLATION PROFILES OF CYNOMOLGUS MONKEYS, FROM MULTIPLE TISSUES, EATING TWO HIGH-FAT, TYPICAL AMERICAN DIETS (TAD) WITH SIMILAR MACRONUTRIENT CONTENTS, WITH OR WITHOUT SOY PROTEIN. DNA METHYLATION STATUS WAS SUCCESSFULLY DETERMINED FOR 80.6% OF THE PROBES IN AT LEAST ONE TISSUE USING ILLUMINA'S HUMANMETHYLATION27 BEADCHIP. OVERALL METHYLATION INCREASED IN LIVER AND MUSCLE TISSUE WHEN MONKEYS SWITCHED FROM THE TAD-SOY TO THE TAD-CASEIN DIETS. GENES INVOLVED IN EPIGENETIC PROCESSES, SPECIFICALLY HOMEOBOX GENES (HOXA5, HOXA11, AND HOXB1), AND ABCG5 WERE AMONG THOSE THAT CHANGED BETWEEN DIETS. THESE DATA SUPPORT THE USE OF THE HUMANMETHYLATION27 BEADCHIP IN CYNOMOLGUS MONKEYS AND IDENTIFY EPIGENETIC CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH DIETARY INTERVENTIONS WITH SOY PROTEIN THAT MAY POTENTIALLY AFFECT THE ETIOLOGY OF COMPLEX DISEASES.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
2  3889  30 KLOTHO RECOVERY BY GENISTEIN VIA PROMOTER HISTONE ACETYLATION AND DNA DEMETHYLATION MITIGATES RENAL FIBROSIS IN MICE. RENAL FIBROSIS IS A COMMON HISTOMORPHOLOGICAL FEATURE OF RENAL AGING AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASES OF ALL ETIOLOGIES, AND ITS INITIATION AND PROGRESSION ARE SUBSTANTIALLY INFLUENCED BY ABERRANT EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS OF FIBROSIS-SUSCEPTIBLE GENES, YET WITHOUT EFFECTIVE THERAPY. "EPIGENETIC DIETS" EXHIBIT TISSUE-PROTECTIVE AND EPIGENETIC-MODULATING PROPERTIES; HOWEVER, THEIR ANTI-RENAL FIBROSIS FUNCTIONS AND THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS ARE LESS UNDERSTOOD. IN THIS STUDY, WE SHOW THAT GENISTEIN, A PHYTOESTROGENIC ISOFLAVONE ENRICHED IN DIETARY SOY PRODUCTS, EXHIBITS IMPRESSIVE ANTI-RENAL FIBROSIS ACTIVITIES BY RECOVERING EPIGENETIC LOSS OF KLOTHO, A KIDNEY-ENRICHED ANTI-AGING AND FIBROSIS-SUPPRESSING PROTEIN. MOUSE FIBROTIC KIDNEYS INDUCED BY UUO (UNILATERAL URETERAL OCCLUSION) DISPLAYED SEVERER KLOTHO SUPPRESSION AND ADVERSE EXPRESSION OF RENAL FIBROSIS-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS, BUT GENISTEIN ADMINISTRATION MARKEDLY RECOVERED THE KLOTHO LOSS AND ATTENUATED RENAL FIBROSIS AND THE PROTEIN EXPRESSION ABNORMALITIES. THE EXAMINATION OF POSSIBLE CAUSES OF THE KLOTHO RECOVERY REVEALED THAT GENISTEIN SIMULTANEOUSLY INHIBITED HISTONE 3 DEACETYLATION OF KLOTHO PROMOTER AND NORMALIZED THE PROMOTER DNA HYPERMETHYLATION BY SUPPRESSING ELEVATED DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE DNMT1 AND DNMT3A. MORE IMPORTANTLY, GENISTEIN'S ANTI-RENAL FIBROSIS EFFECTS ON THE RENAL FIBROTIC LESIONS AND THE ABNORMAL EXPRESSIONS OF FIBROSIS-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS WERE ABROGATED WHEN KLOTHO IS KNOCKDOWN BY RNA INTERFERENCES IN UUO MICE. THUS, OUR RESULTS IDENTIFY KLOTHO RESTORATION VIA EPIGENETIC HISTONE ACETYLATION AND DNA DEMETHYLATION AS A CRITICAL MECHANISM OF GENISTEIN'S ANTI-FIBROSIS FUNCTION AND SHED NEW LIGHTS ON THE POTENTIALS OF EPIGENETIC DIETS IN PREVENTING OR TREATING AGING OR RENAL FIBROSIS-ASSOCIATED KIDNEY DISEASES. KEY MESSAGES: GENISTEIN PREVENTS RENAL FIBROSIS AND THE ASSOCIATED KLOTHO SUPPRESSION IN UUO MICE. GENISTEIN UPREGULATES KLOTHO IN PART BY REVERSING THE PROMOTER HISTONE 3 HYPOACETYLATION. GENISTEIN ALSO PRESERVES KLOTHO VIA RELIEVING KLOTHO PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATION. GENISTEIN DEMETHYLATES KLOTHO PROMOTER BY INHIBITING ABERRANT DNMT1/3A EXPRESSION. GENISTEIN RESTORATION OF KLOTHO IS ESSENTIAL FOR ITS ANTI-RENAL FIBROSIS FUNCTION.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
3   426  28 ANTI-DIABETIC FUNCTIONS OF SOY ISOFLAVONE GENISTEIN: MECHANISMS UNDERLYING ITS EFFECTS ON PANCREATIC BETA-CELL FUNCTION. TYPE 2 DIABETES IS A RESULT OF CHRONIC INSULIN RESISTANCE AND LOSS OF FUNCTIONAL PANCREATIC BETA-CELL MASS. STRATEGIES TO PRESERVE BETA-CELL MASS AND A GREATER UNDERSTANDING OF THE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING BETA-CELL TURNOVER ARE NEEDED TO PREVENT AND TREAT THIS DEVASTATING DISEASE. GENISTEIN, A NATURALLY OCCURRING SOY ISOFLAVONE, IS REPORTED TO HAVE NUMEROUS HEALTH BENEFITS ATTRIBUTED TO MULTIPLE BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS. OVER THE PAST 10 YEARS, NUMEROUS STUDIES HAVE DEMONSTRATED THAT GENISTEIN HAS ANTI-DIABETIC EFFECTS, IN PARTICULAR, DIRECT EFFECTS ON BETA-CELL PROLIFERATION, GLUCOSE-STIMULATED INSULIN SECRETION AND PROTECTION AGAINST APOPTOSIS, INDEPENDENT OF ITS FUNCTIONS AS AN ESTROGEN RECEPTOR AGONIST, ANTIOXIDANT, OR TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITOR. EFFECTS ARE STRUCTURE-SPECIFIC AND NOT COMMON TO ALL FLAVONOIDS. WHILE THERE ARE LIMITED DATA ON THE EFFECTS OF GENISTEIN CONSUMPTION IN HUMANS WITH DIABETES, THERE ARE A PLETHORA OF ANIMAL AND CELL-CULTURE STUDIES THAT DEMONSTRATE A DIRECT EFFECT OF GENISTEIN ON BETA-CELLS AT PHYSIOLOGICALLY RELEVANT CONCENTRATIONS (<10 MUM). THE EFFECTS APPEAR TO INVOLVE CAMP/PKA SIGNALING AND THERE ARE SOME STUDIES THAT SUGGEST AN EFFECT ON EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION. THIS REVIEW FOCUSES ON THE ANTI-DIABETIC EFFECTS OF GENISTEIN IN BOTH IN VITRO AND IN VIVO MODELS AND POTENTIAL MECHANISMS UNDERLYING ITS DIRECT EFFECTS ON BETA-CELLS.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
4  3036  28 GENISTEIN AMELIORATES RENAL FIBROSIS THROUGH REGULATION SNAIL VIA M6A RNA DEMETHYLASE ALKBH5. RENAL TUBULE-INTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS IS RELATED TO CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PROGRESSION AND A TYPICAL FEATURE OF THE AGING KIDNEY. EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS OF FIBROSIS-PRONE GENES REGULATE THE DEVELOPMENT OF RENAL FIBROSIS. AS A KIND OF "EPIGENETIC DIET", SOY ISOFLAVONE GENISTEIN WAS REPORTED TO HAVE RENAL PROTECTIVE ACTION AND EPIGENETIC-MODULATING EFFECTS. HOWEVER, ITS RENAL PROTECTION ROLE AND UNDERLYING MECHANISMS ARE YET TO BE FULLY CLARIFIED. HEREIN, WE SHOWED THAT GENISTEIN EXHIBITS A DEMONSTRABLE ANTI-FIBROTIC EFFECT ON KIDNEY IN VIVO UUO (UNILATERAL URETERAL OCCLUSION) MODEL AND RENAL EPITHELIAL CELLS IN VITRO MODEL. THE MECHANISM IS STRONGLY ASSOCIATED WITH EPITHELIAL-TO-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION AND M6A RNA DEMETHYLASE ALKBH5. MOUSE FIBROTIC KIDNEYS INDUCED BY UUO EXHIBITED ADVERSE EXPRESSION OF RENAL FIBROSIS-RELATED PROTEINS AND SIGNIFICANT INCREASES IN THE TOTAL M6A LEVEL. AS AN ERASER, ALKBH5 SHOWED SEVERER SUPPRESSION IN THE RENAL FIBROSIS PROCESS. HOWEVER, GENISTEIN PRETREATMENT RESTORED ALKBH5 LOSS REMARKABLY AND REDUCED RENAL FIBROSIS, ABNORMAL PROTEIN, AND INFLAMMATORY MARKERS. THE EXAMINATION OF POSSIBLE MECHANISMS REVEALED THAT GENISTEIN PROMOTED ALKBH5 AND MAYBE INDUCED THE LEVEL OF MRNA M6A METHYLATION IN SOME EPITHELIAL-TO-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION-RELATED TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS. WE FOUND SNAIL WAS THE CRITICAL REGULATOR AND CRITICAL FOR THE PROTECTIVE ROLE OF GENISTEIN. TO VERIFY THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ALKBH5 AND SNAIL, WE GENERATED KNOCKDOWN AND OVEREXPRESSION OF ALKBH5 CELLS IN VITRO. ALKBH5 KNOCKDOWN ENHANCED THE MESENCHYMAL PHENOTYPE MARKER ALPHA-SMOOTH MUSCLE ACTIN AND SNAIL EXPRESSION. IN AGREEMENT, OVEREXPRESSION ALKBH5 INCREASED EPITHELIAL ADHESION MOLECULE E-CADHERIN AND REDUCED SNAIL EXPRESSION. IN CONCLUSION, GENISTEIN INCREASED RENAL ALKBH5 EXPRESSION IN UUO-INDUCED RENAL FIBROSIS AND REDUCED RNA M6A LEVELS AND AMELIORATES RENAL DAMAGES.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
5  1836  20 EFFECTS OF NUTRIENT AND BIOACTIVE FOOD COMPONENTS ON ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND EPIGENETIC. ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) IS THE MOST COMMON FORM OF DEMENTIA IN THE ELDERLY AND IS A CHRONIC NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE THAT IS BECOMING WIDESPREAD. FOR THIS REASON, IN RECENT YEARS FACTORS AFFECTING THE DEVELOPMENT, PROGRESSION AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION OF THE AD HAVE BEEN EMPHASIZED. NUTRIENTS AND OTHER BIOACTIVE NUTRIENTS ARE AMONG THE FACTORS THAT ARE EFFECTIVE IN AD. IN PARTICULAR, VITAMINS A, C AND E, VITAMINS B(1), B(6) AND B(12), FOLATE, MAGNESIUM, CHOLINE, INOSITOL, ANTHOCYANINS, ISOFLAVONES ETC. NUTRIENTS AND BIOACTIVE NUTRIENTS ARE KNOWN TO BE EFFECTIVE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF AD. NUTRIENTS AND NUTRIENT COMPONENTS MAY ALSO HAVE AN EPIGENETIC EFFECT ON AD. AT THE SAME TIME, NUTRIENTS AND BIOACTIVE FOOD COMPONENTS SLOW DOWN THE PROGRESSION OF THE DISEASE. FOR THIS REASON, THE EFFECT OF NUTRIENTS AND FOOD COMPONENTS ON AD WAS EXAMINED IN THIS REVIEW.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
6  2986  34 GENETIC ENGINEERING TO ENHANCE CROP-BASED PHYTONUTRIENTS (NUTRACEUTICALS) TO ALLEVIATE DIET-RELATED DISEASES. NUTRITION STUDIES HAVE PROVIDED UNAMBIGUOUS EVIDENCE THAT A NUMBER OF HUMAN HEALTH MALADIES INCLUDING CHRONIC CORONARY ARTERY, HYPERTENSION, DIABETES, OSTEOPOROSIS, CANCER AND AGE- AND LIFESTYLE-RELATED DISEASES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE DIET. SEVERAL FAVORABLE AND A FEW DELETERIOUS NATURAL DIETARY INGREDIENTS HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED THAT PREDISPOSE HUMAN POPULATIONS TO VARIOUS GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC BASED DISORDERS. MEDIA DISSEMINATION OF THIS INFORMATION HAS GREATLY RAISED PUBLIC AWARENESS OF THE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS DUE TO INCREASED CONSUMPTION OF FRUIT, VEGETABLES AND WHOLE GRAIN CEREALS-FOODS RICH IN PHYTONUTRIENTS, PROTEIN AND FIBER. HOWEVER, THE PRESENCE OF INTRINSICALLY LOW LEVELS OF THE BENEFICIAL PHYTONUTRIENTS IN THE AVAILABLE GENOTYPES OF CROP PLANTS IS NOT ALWAYS AT PAR WITH THE RECOMMENDED DAILY ALLOWANCE (RDA) FOR DIFFERENT PHYTONUTRIENTS (NUTRACEUTICALS). MOLECULAR ENGINEERING OF CROP PLANTS HAS OFFERED A NUMBER OF TOOLS TO MARKEDLY ENHANCE INTRACELLULAR CONCENTRATIONS OF SOME OF THE BENEFICIAL NUTRIENTS, LEVELS THAT, IN SOME CASES, ARE CLOSER TO THE RDA THRESHOLD. THIS REVIEW BRINGS TOGETHER LITERATURE ON VARIOUS STRATEGIES UTILIZED FOR BIOENGINEERING BOTH MAJOR AND MINOR CROPS TO INCREASE THE LEVELS OF DESIRABLE PHYTONUTRIENTS WHILE ALSO DECREASING THE CONCENTRATIONS OF DELETERIOUS METABOLITES. SOME OF THESE INCLUDE INCREASES IN: PROTEIN LEVEL IN POTATO; LYSINE IN CORN AND RICE; METHIONINE IN ALFALFA; CAROTENOIDS (BETA-CAROTENE, PHYTOENE, LYCOPENE, ZEAXANTHIN AND LUTEIN) IN RICE, POTATO, CANOLA, TOMATO; CHOLINE IN TOMATO; FOLATES IN RICE, CORN, TOMATO AND LETTUCE; VITAMIN C IN CORN AND LETTUCE; POLYPHENOLICS SUCH AS FLAVONOL, ISOFLAVONE, RESVERATROL, CHLOROGENIC ACID AND OTHER FLAVONOIDS IN TOMATO; ANTHOCYANIN LEVELS IN TOMATO AND POTATO; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL IN SOYBEAN, OIL SEED, LETTUCE AND POTATO; IRON AND ZINC IN TRANSGENIC RICE. ALSO, MOLECULAR ENGINEERING HAS SUCCEEDED IN CONSIDERABLY REDUCING THE LEVELS OF THE OFFENDING PROTEIN GLUTELIN IN RICE, OFFERING PROOF OF CONCEPT AND A NEW BEGINNING FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SUPER-LOW GLUTELIN CEREALS FOR CELIAC DISEASE PATIENTS.	2010	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
7   424  24 ANTHOCYANINS: FROM MECHANISMS OF REGULATION IN PLANTS TO HEALTH BENEFITS IN FOODS. ANTHOCYANINS REPRESENT THE MAJOR RED, PURPLE, AND BLUE PIGMENTS IN MANY FLOWERS, FRUITS, VEGETABLES, AND CEREALS. THEY ARE ALSO RECOGNIZED AS IMPORTANT HEALTH-PROMOTING COMPONENTS IN THE HUMAN DIET WITH PROTECTIVE EFFECTS AGAINST MANY CHRONIC DISEASES, INCLUDING CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, OBESITY, AND CANCER. ANTHOCYANIN BIOSYNTHESIS HAS BEEN STUDIED EXTENSIVELY, AND BOTH BIOSYNTHETIC AND KEY REGULATORY GENES HAVE BEEN ISOLATED IN MANY PLANT SPECIES. HERE, WE WILL PROVIDE AN OVERVIEW OF RECENT PROGRESS IN UNDERSTANDING THE ANTHOCYANIN BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAY IN PLANTS, FOCUSING ON THE TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS CONTROLLING ACTIVATION OR REPRESSION OF ANTHOCYANIN ACCUMULATION IN CEREALS AND FRUITS OF DIFFERENT PLANT SPECIES, WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON THE DIFFERENCES IN MOLECULAR MECHANISMS BETWEEN MONOCOT AND DICOT PLANTS. RECENTLY, NEW INSIGHT INTO THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION OF THE ANTHOCYANIN BIOSYNTHESIS, INCLUDING POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE FEEDBACK CONTROL AS WELL AS EPIGENETIC AND POST-TRANSLATIONAL REGULATION OF MYB-BHLH-WD40 COMPLEXES, HAS BEEN GAINED. WE WILL CONSIDER HOW KNOWLEDGE OF REGULATORY MECHANISMS HAS HELPED TO PRODUCE ANTHOCYANIN-ENRICHED FOODS THROUGH CONVENTIONAL BREEDING AND METABOLIC ENGINEERING. ADDITIONALLY, WE WILL BRIEFLY DISCUSS THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF ANTHOCYANINS AS COMPONENTS OF THE HUMAN DIET AND RECENT FINDINGS DEMONSTRATING THE IMPORTANT HEALTH BENEFITS OF ANTHOCYANIN-RICH FOODS AGAINST CHRONIC DISEASES.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
8  2546  33 EPIGENETICS IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS: MOLECULAR MECHANISMS AND DIETARY INTERVENTION. INTRODUCTION: MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) IS A CHRONIC, INFLAMMATORY, NEURODEGENERATIVE DEMYELINATING DISEASE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS). UNFORTUNATELY, MS CAUSES IMPORTANT DISABILITY IN YOUNG ADULTS AND ITS PREVALENCE IS INCREASING. WHILE THE ETIOLOGY OF MS ETIOLOGY IS NOT COMPLETELY UNDERSTOOD, IT SEEMS TO BE A MULTIFACTORIAL ENTITY THAT IS INFLUENCED BY BOTH GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS. EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS ADD OR REMOVE DIFFERENT CHEMICAL GROUPS FOR THE ACTIVATION OR INHIBITION OF GENE EXPRESSION TO BLOCK THE PRODUCTION OF PROINFLAMMATORY PROTEINS. IT IS TRULY IMPORTANT TO IDENTIFY THE FACTORS THAT CAN TRIGGER EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN MS TO COMPLEMENT THE THERAPEUTIC APPROACH, PREVENT DISABILITY AND IMPROVE PATIENTS QUALITY OF LIFE. HERE, WE HAVE CONDUCTED A REVIEW OF EXTERNAL FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE IN MS AND THEIR EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. FOR EXAMPLE, HYPOMETHYLATION CAN PROMOTE CHANGES IN THE MYELIN AND SUBSEQUENT AUTOIMMUNE REACTIONS. THERAPEUTIC TOOLS CAN BE USED, INCLUDING THE HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR TRICHOSTATIN A, WHICH AMELIORATES DEMYELINATING DISEASES IN RODENTS. HOWEVER, DRUGS ARE NOT ONLY THE THERAPEUTIC OPTION: RECENT STUDIES HAVE ALSO EVALUATED THE THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF SEVERAL BIOACTIVE DIETARY COMPONENTS IN NEURODEGENERATION AND AXONAL DYSFUNCTION. NUMEROUS FOOD-DERIVED MOLECULES EXERT IMPORTANT METABOLIC ACTIONS. THESE MOLECULES INCLUDE PLANT POLYPHENOLS SUCH AS CATECHINS AND ISOFLAVONES, OMEGA-3 AND OMEGA-6 POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS, SHORT-CHAIN FATTY ACIDS, SULFUR-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS SUCH AS DALLY SULFIDE AND OTHER COMPOUNDS. ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY COMPONENTS IN THE DIET INVOLVE TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS AS WELL. HOWEVER, MANY EXTERNAL FACTORS HAVE SHOWN TO INFLUENCE MS, ALTHOUGH NO SPECIFIC EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS ARE KNOWN. CONCLUSION: IN THIS REVIEW, WE GATHER BOTH ESTABLISHED AND NEW EVIDENCES ABOUT THE GENETIC, EPIGENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INFLUENCING MS AND THE DIETARY COMPONENTS THAT COULD MODULATE MS RELAPSE AND PROGRESSION.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
9   617  32 BIOACTIVE FOOD COMPOUNDS, EPIGENETICS AND CHRONIC DISEASE PREVENTION: FOCUS ON EARLY-LIFE INTERVENTIONS WITH POLYPHENOLS. CONSUMPTION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS SUCH AS POLYPHENOLS, ISOTHIOCYANATES, SULFUR-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS AND TERPENOIDS, FOUND IN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES, IS ASSOCIATED WITH PREVENTION OF CHRONIC DISEASE. THESE BIOACTIVE FOOD COMPOUNDS ELICIT THEIR PROTECTIVE EFFECTS THROUGH COMPLEX MECHANISMS AT THE CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR, INCLUDING EPIGENETIC LEVELS. ACCORDING TO THE DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGINS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE (DOHAD) PARADIGM, IN UTERO EXPOSURE TO STRESSORS SUCH AS MALNUTRITION THROUGH MATERNAL DIET WOULD IMPAIR FETAL DEVELOPMENT AND EPIGENETICALLY PROGRAM INCREASED RISK OF METABOLIC DISEASES AND SOME CANCERS IN ADULT LIFE. IN ADDITION, A ROLE FOR FATHERS DIET DURING PRECONCEPTION ON THEIR OFFSPRING HEALTH AND CHRONIC DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY HAS ALSO EMERGED. THIS HIGHLIGHTS EARLY LIFE AS A PROMISING WINDOW OF OPPORTUNITY FOR STARTING DIETARY INTERVENTIONS FOCUSING ON PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASES. HOWEVER, KNOWLEDGE ON THE POTENTIAL BENEFICIAL IMPACT OF EARLY LIFE EXPOSURE TO BIOACTIVE FOOD COMPOUNDS IS LIMITED. AMONG THE STUDIES THAT HAVE INVESTIGATED BIOACTIVE FOOD COMPOUNDS IN THE CONTEXT OF DOHAD, MOST HAVE FOCUSED ON THE IMPACT OF DIETARY POLYPHENOLS. THUS, IN THIS REVIEW WE DISCUSS EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE SUPPORTING A ROLE FOR THE DIETARY POLYPHENOLS RESVERATROL, GENISTEIN, EPIGALLOCATECHIN-3-GALLATE AND ANTHOCYANINS IN CHRONIC DISEASE PREVENTION CONSIDERING A PERSPECTIVE FROM EARLY-LIFE INTERVENTIONS THROUGH MATERNAL AND PATERNAL DIETS AND FOCUSING ON EPIGENETICS AS A POTENTIAL UNDERLYING MECHANISM.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
10  4792  31 NUTRITIONAL EPIGENETICS AND PHYTOCHEMICALS IN CANCER FORMATION. NUTRIGENETICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS ARE TWO CONCEPTS IN THE AREA OF NUTRITIONAL GENOMICS. EPIGENETICS IS A NEW DISCIPLINE WITH SIGNIFICANT POTENTIAL IN THE PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF CERTAIN CARCINOMAS AND DISEASES. EPIGENETICS CONSISTS OF DNA METHYLATION, HISTONE MODIFICATION, NON-CODING RNAS, AND TELOMERASE ACTIVITY. EPIGENETIC-BASED MECHANISMS ACT ON THE INHIBITION OF CANCER CELLS BY MODULATING ENZYMES SUCH AS DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE AND HISTONE DEACETYLASE, AS WELL AS NON-CODING RNAS. PHYTOCHEMICALS ARE NATURAL BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS OF PLANT ORIGIN THAT HAVE ANTIOXIDANT, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, AND ANTI-ANGIOGENIC EFFECTS ON VARIOUS DISEASES, ESPECIALLY CANCER. THE EPIGENETIC DIET IS A NUTRITIONAL MODEL BASED ON THE CONSUMPTION OF VARIOUS PHYTOCHEMICALS SUCH AS EPIGALLOCATECHIN-3-GALLATE, MORIN, CAFFEIC ACID PHENYL ESTER, APIGENIN, GENISTEIN, CURCUMIN, RESVERATROL, AND SULFORAPHANE. PHYTOCHEMICALS EXERT THEIR EFFECTS ON CANCER-BASED BY REDUCING CELL PROLIFERATION, INVASION, AND METASTASIS AND INCREASING CELL APOPTOSIS. SIMULTANEOUSLY, IT HAS FUNCTIONS SUCH AS REDUCING ONCOGENES THAT HAVE EFFECTS ON CANCER ETIOLOGY AND INCREASING TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES.KEY TEACHING POINTSCANCER IS A CHRONIC DISEASE WITH A HIGH MORTALITY RATE, IN WHICH VARIOUS GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ARE INVOLVED IN ITS ETIOLOGY.PROTOONCOGENES, TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES, AND DNA REPAIR GENES ARE AMONG THE GENE GROUPS THAT FORM THE BASIS OF CANCER AND GENETIC STRUCTURE.THE BIDIRECTIONAL INTERACTION BETWEEN NUTRITION AND THE HUMAN GENOME HAS BEEN EFFECTIVE IN THE EMERGENCE OF THE CONCEPTS OF NUTRIGENETICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS.EPIGENETIC DIET IS A DIET BASED ON THE CONSUMPTION OF FOODS SUCH AS SOY, GRAPES, BLUEBERRIES, TURMERIC, CRUCIFEROUS VEGETABLES, AND GREEN TEA, WHICH INDUCE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS THAT PROTECT AGAINST CANCER AND AGING.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
11  4396  35 MODULATION OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATION BY QUERCETIN: THE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS ON OBESITY. OBESITY HAS BECOME A MAJOR RISK FACTOR FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHRONIC DISEASES SUCH AS INSULIN RESISTANCE, TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. MOREOVER, OBESITY INDUCES CHRONIC INFLAMMATION IN ADIPOSE TISSUE, LIVER, SKELETAL MUSCLE, AND THE VASCULAR SYSTEM. QUERCETIN IS THE MAJOR REPRESENTATIVE OF THE FLAVONOID SUBCLASS OF FLAVONOLS, WHICH IS UBIQUITOUSLY CONTAINED WITHIN NATURAL PLANTS SUCH AS GREEN TEA, AND VEGETABLES, INCLUDING ONIONS AND APPLES. RESEARCHERS HAVE FOCUSED GREATER ATTENTION TO THE BENEFICIAL PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLES OF QUERCETIN, WHICH HAS ANTI-OXIDATIVE, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, AND ANTI-FIBROTIC EFFECTS ON INSULIN RESISTANCE AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN OBESITY-RELATED DISEASES. ALSO, THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF QUERCETIN ON INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA HAVE BEEN DEMONSTRATED IN OBESITY. IN ADDITION, THERE IS INCREASING EVIDENCE THAT QUERCETIN IS ASSOCIATED WITH EPIGENETIC ACTIVITIES IN CANCER, AND IN MATERNAL UNDERNUTRITION DURING GESTATION AND LACTATION. IN THIS REVIEW, WE FOCUS ON THE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF QUERCETIN, ITS DIETARY SOURCES IN OBESITY, AND ITS ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS ON INSULIN RESISTANCE, ATHEROSCLEROSIS, INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA, AND MATERNAL UNDER-NUTRITION WITH EPIGENETIC ACTIVITY.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
12  6436  29 THERAPEUTIC ACTIONS OF TEA PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AGAINST OXIDATIVE STRESS AND INFLAMMATION AS CENTRAL MEDIATORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION OF HEALTH PROBLEMS: A REVIEW FOCUSING ON MICRORNA REGULATION. MANY HEALTH PROBLEMS INCLUDING CHRONIC DISEASES ARE CLOSELY ASSOCIATED WITH OXIDATIVE STRESS AND INFLAMMATION. TEA HAS ABUNDANT PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS WITH VARIOUS HEALTH BENEFITS INCLUDING ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES. THIS REVIEW FOCUSES ON THE PRESENT UNDERSTANDING OF THE IMPACT OF TEA PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS ON THE EXPRESSION OF MIRNAS, AND ELUCIDATES THE BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROTECTIVE ACTIONS OF TEA PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AGAINST OXIDATIVE STRESS- AND/OR INFLAMMATION-MEDIATED DISEASES. CLINICAL STUDIES SHOWED THAT DRINKING TEA OR TAKING CATECHIN SUPPLEMENT ON A DAILY BASIS PROMOTED THE ENDOGENOUS ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE SYSTEM OF THE BODY WHILE INHIBITING INFLAMMATORY FACTORS. THE REGULATION OF CHRONIC DISEASES BASED ON EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS, AND THE EPIGENETIC-BASED THERAPIES INVOLVING DIFFERENT TEA PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS, HAVE BEEN INSUFFICIENTLY STUDIED. THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS AND APPLICATION STRATEGIES OF MIR-27 AND MIR-34 INVOLVED IN OXIDATIVE STRESS RESPONSE AND MIR-126 AND MIR-146 INVOLVED IN INFLAMMATION PROCESS WERE PRELIMINARILY INVESTIGATED. SOME EMERGING EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT TEA PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS MAY PROMOTE EPIGENETIC CHANGES, INVOLVING NON-CODING RNA REGULATION, DNA METHYLATION, HISTONE MODIFICATION, UBIQUITIN AND SUMO MODIFICATIONS. HOWEVER, EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS AND EPIGENETIC-BASED DISEASE THERAPIES INVOLVING PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS FROM DIFFERENT TEAS, AND THE POTENTIAL CROSS-TALKS AMONG THE EPIGENETIC EVENTS, REMAIN UNDERSTUDIED.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
13  6872  30 [POLYPHENOLS AS PROMISING BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS]. POLYPHENOLS ARE DIVERSE AND WIDESPREAD BIOACTIVE PLANT-BASED COMPOUNDS. THESE COMPOUNDS ARE FOUND IN VARIOUS FOODS SUCH AS BERRIES, FRUITS, VEGETABLES, CEREALS, NUTS, COFFEE, CACAO, SPICES, SEEDS. THEY ARE DIVIDED INTO PHENOLIC ACIDS, STILBENES, FLAVONOIDS, LIGNANS DEPENDING ON THEIR MOLECULAR STRUCTURE. THEY ATTRACT THE ATTENTION OF RESEARCHERS DUE TO WIDE RANGE OF BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS ON HUMAN BODY. THE PURPOSE OF THIS WORK WAS TO ANALYZE MODERN SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS ON THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF POLYPHENOLS. MATERIAL AND METHODS. THE REVIEW IS BASED ON PUBLICATIONS PRESENTED IN THE PUBMED, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, RESEARCHGATE, ELSEVIER, ELIBRARY, CYBERLENINKA DATABASES USING "POLYPHENOLS", "FLAVONOIDS", "RESVERATROL", "QUERCETIN", "CATECHINS" AS KEY WORDS. PREFERENCE WAS GIVEN TO ORIGINAL RESEARCHES OVER THE PAST 10 YEARS PUBLISHED IN REFEREED JOURNALS. RESULTS. OXIDATIVE STRESS, CHRONIC INFLAMMATION, MICROBIOME DISORDERS, INSULIN RESISTANCE, EXCESSIVE PROTEIN GLYCATION, AND GENOTOXIC EFFECTS ARE AT THE HEART OF THE PATHOGENESIS OF MANY DISEASES, INCLUDING THOSE ASSOCIATED WITH AGE. A LARGE AMOUNT OF MATERIAL HAS BEEN ACCUMULATED ON THE ANTIOXIDANT, ANTICARCINOGENIC, EPIGENETIC, METABOLIC, GEROPROTECTIVE, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIVIRAL EFFECTS OF POLYPHENOLS. THIS GIVES REASONS TO CONSIDER POLYPHENOLS AS VERY PROMISING MICRONUTRIENTS, WHICH INCLUSION IN THE DIET CAN REDUCE THE RISK OF DEVELOPING CARDIOVASCULAR, ONCOLOGICAL, NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES, DIABETES MELLITUS, OBESITY, METABOLIC SYNDROME, PREMATURE AGING, THAT IS, THE MAIN CAUSES OF DEATH, A DECREASE IN THE DURATION AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF A MODERN PERSON. CONCLUSION. EXPANDING THE RANGE OF PRODUCTS ENRICHED WITH POLYPHENOLS WITH THEIR HIGH BIOAVAILABILITY IS A PROMISING AREA OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF PRODUCTION IN ORDER TO PREVENT SOCIALLY SIGNIFICANT AGE-ASSOCIATED DISEASES.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
14  6290  27 THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF NUTRITIONAL GENOMICS TOOLS IN VALIDATING HIGH HEALTH FOODS FOR CANCER CONTROL: BROCCOLI AS EXAMPLE. NUTRITIONAL GENOMICS REFLECTS GENE/NUTRIENT INTERACTIONS, UTILISING HIGH-THROUGHPUT GENOMIC TOOLS IN NUTRITION RESEARCH. THE FIELD ALSO CONSIDERS THE CONTRIBUTION OF INDIVIDUAL GENOTYPES TO WELLNESS AND THE RISK OF CHRONIC DISEASE (NUTRIGENETICS), AND HOW SUCH GENETIC PREDISPOSITION MAY BE MODIFIED BY APPROPRIATE DIETS. FOR EXAMPLE, HIGH CONSUMPTION OF BRASSICACEOUS VEGETABLES, INCLUDING BROCCOLI, HAS REGULARLY ASSOCIATED WITH LOW CANCER RISK. BIOACTIVE CHEMICALS IN BROCCOLI INCLUDE GLUCOSINOLATES, PLANT PIGMENTS INCLUDING KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN, LUTEIN AND CAROTENOIDS, VARIOUS VITAMINS, MINERALS AND AMINO ACIDS. CANCER PREVENTION IS HYPOTHESISED TO ACT THROUGH VARIOUS MECHANISMS INCLUDING MODULATION OF XENOBIOTIC METABOLISING ENZYMES, NF-E2 P45-RELATED FACTOR-2 (NRF2)-MEDIATED STRESS-RESPONSE MECHANISMS, AND PROTECTION AGAINST GENOMIC INSTABILITY. BROCCOLI AND BROCCOLI EXTRACTS ALSO REGULATE THE PROGRESSION OF CANCER THROUGH ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS, EFFECTS ON SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION, EPIGENETIC EFFECTS AND MODULATION OF THE COLONIC MICROFLORA. HUMAN INTERVENTION STUDIES WITH BROCCOLI AND RELATED FOODS, USING STANDARD BIOMARKER METHODOLOGIES, REVEAL PART OF A COMPLEX PICTURE. NUTRIGENOMIC APPROACHES, ESPECIALLY TRANSCRIPTOMICS, ENABLE SIMULTANEOUS STUDY OF VARIOUS SIGNALLING PATHWAYS AND NETWORKS. PHENOTYPIC, GENETIC AND/OR METABOLIC STRATIFICATION MAY IDENTIFY INDIVIDUALS MOST LIKELY TO RESPOND POSITIVELY TO FOODS OR DIETS. JOINTLY, THESE TECHNOLOGIES CAN PROVIDE PROOF OF HUMAN EFFICACY, AND MAY BE ESSENTIAL TO ENSURE EFFECTIVE MARKET TRANSFER AND UPTAKE OF BROCCOLI AND RELATED FOODS.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
15  4652  22 NEUROPROTECTION WITH NATURAL ANTIOXIDANTS AND NUTRACEUTICALS IN THE CONTEXT OF BRAIN CELL DEGENERATION: THE EPIGENETIC CONNECTION. BIOACTIVE ANTIOXIDANT AGENTS PRESENT IN SELECTED PLANTS ARE KNOWN TO PROVIDE THE FIRST LINE OF BIOLOGICAL DEFENSE AGAINST OXIDATIVE STRESS. IN PARTICULAR, SOLUBLE VITAMIN C, E, CAROTENOIDS AND PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS HAVE DEMONSTRATED CRUCIAL BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS IN CELLS AGAINST OXIDATIVE DAMAGE, PREVENTING PREVALENT CHRONIC DISEASES, SUCH AS DIABETES, CANCER AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. THE REPORTED WIDE RANGE OF EFFECTS THAT INCLUDED ANTI-AGING, ANTI-ATHEROSCLEROSIS, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITY WERE STUDIED AGAINST DEGENERATIVE PATHOLOGIES OF THE BRAIN. VITAMINS AND DIFFERENT PHYTOCHEMICALS ARE IMPORTANT EPIGENETIC MODIFIERS THAT PREVENT NEURODEGENERATION. IN ORDER TO EXPLORE THE POTENTIAL ANTIOXIDANT SOURCES IN FUNCTIONAL FOODS AND NUTRACEUTICALS AGAINST NEURODEGENERATION, THE PRESENT PAPER AIMS TO SHOW A COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AT CHEMICAL AND CELLULAR LEVELS. THE EFFECTS OF THE DIFFERENT BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS AVAILABLE AND THEIR ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY THROUGH AN EPIGENETIC POINT OF VIEW ARE ALSO DISCUSSED.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
16  1398  36 DIET, GUT MICROBIOME AND EPIGENETICS: EMERGING LINKS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES AND PROSPECTS FOR MANAGEMENT AND PREVENTION. INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES (IBD) REPRESENT A GROWING PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERN DUE TO INCREASING INCIDENCE WORLDWIDE. THE CURRENT NOTION ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF IBD IS THAT GENETICALLY SUSCEPTIBLE INDIVIDUALS DEVELOP INTOLERANCE TO DYSREGULATED GUT MICROFLORA (DYSBIOSIS) AND CHRONIC INFLAMMATION DEVELOPS AS A RESULT OF ENVIRONMENTAL TRIGGERS. AMONG THE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH IBD, DIET PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN MODULATING THE GUT MICROBIOME, INFLUENCING EPIGENETIC CHANGES, AND, THEREFORE, COULD BE APPLIED AS A THERAPEUTIC TOOL TO IMPROVE THE DISEASE COURSE. NEVERTHELESS, THE CURRENT DIETARY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR DISEASE PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT ARE SCARCE AND HAVE WEAK EVIDENCE. THIS REVIEW SUMMARISES THE CURRENT KNOWLEDGE ON THE COMPLEX INTERACTIONS BETWEEN DIET, MICROBIOME AND EPIGENETICS IN IBD. WHEREAS AN OVERABUNDANCE OF CALORIES AND SOME MACRONUTRIENTS INCREASE GUT INFLAMMATION, SEVERAL MICRONUTRIENTS HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO MODULATE IT. IMMUNONUTRITION HAS EMERGED AS A NEW CONCEPT PUTTING FORWARD THE IMPORTANCE OF VITAMINS SUCH AS VITAMINS A, C, E, AND D, FOLIC ACID, BETA CAROTENE AND TRACE ELEMENTS SUCH AS ZINC, SELENIUM, MANGANESE AND IRON. HOWEVER, WHEN ASSESSED IN CLINICAL TRIALS, SPECIFIC MICRONUTRIENTS EXERTED A LIMITED BENEFIT. BEYOND NUTRIENTS, AN ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DIETARY PATTERN AS A COMPLEX INTERVENTION APPROACH HAS BECOME POPULAR IN RECENT YEARS. HENCE, EXCLUSIVE ENTERAL NUTRITION IN PAEDIATRIC CROHN'S DISEASE IS THE ONLY NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTION CURRENTLY RECOMMENDED AS A FIRST-LINE THERAPY. OTHER NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTIONS OR SPECIFIC DIETS INCLUDING THE SPECIFIC CARBOHYDRATE DIET (SCD), THE LOW FERMENTABLE OLIGOSACCHARIDES, DISACCHARIDES, MONOSACCHARIDES, AND POLYOL (FODMAP) DIET AND, MOST RECENTLY, THE MEDITERRANEAN DIET HAVE SHOWN STRONG ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES AND SHOW PROMISE FOR IMPROVING DISEASE SYMPTOMS. MORE WORK IS REQUIRED TO EVALUATE THE ROLE OF INDIVIDUAL FOOD COMPOUNDS AND COMPLEX NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTIONS WITH THE POTENTIAL TO DECREASE INFLAMMATION AS A MEANS OF PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF IBD.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
17  2100  19 EPIGENETIC EFFECTS OF NATURAL POLYPHENOLS: A FOCUS ON SIRT1-MEDIATED MECHANISMS. POLYPHENOLS ARE A CLASS OF NATURAL COMPOUNDS WIDELY DISTRIBUTED IN FRUITS, VEGETABLES, AND PLANTS. THEY HAVE BEEN REPORTED TO POSSESS A WIDE RANGE OF ACTIVITIES IN PREVENTION AND ALLEVIATION OF VARIOUS DISEASES LIKE CANCER, NEUROINFLAMMATION, DIABETES, AND AGING. POLYPHENOLS ARE EFFECTIVE AGAINST CHRONIC DISEASES AND RECENT REPORTS INDICATED STRONG EPIGENETIC EFFECTS OF POLYPHENOLS. MOST OF THE STUDIES INVESTIGATING EPIGENETIC EFFECTS OF NATURAL POLYPHENOLS HAVE FOCUSED ON THEIR BENEFICIAL EFFECTS IN CANCER TREATMENT. HOWEVER, EPIGENETIC DEFECTS HAVE BEEN DEMONSTRATED IN MANY OTHER DISEASES AS WELL, AND APPLICATION OF POLYPHENOLS TO MODULATE THE EPIGENOME IS BECOMING AN INTERESTING FIELD OF RESEARCH. THIS REVIEW SUMMARIZES THE EFFECTS OF NATURAL POLYPHENOLS IN MODULATING EPIGENETIC-RELATED ENZYMES AS WELL AS THEIR EFFECT IN PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF CHRONIC DISEASES WITH A FOCUS ON SIRT1 MODULATION. WE HAVE ALSO DISCUSSED THE RELATION BETWEEN THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF EPIGENETIC-MODIFYING POLYPHENOLS.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
18   731  29 CANCER CHEMOPREVENTION: CLASSIC AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS INHIBITING TUMORIGENESIS. WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED SO FAR? CANCERS DERIVE FROM STEP BY STEP PROCESSES WHICH ARE DIFFERENTIATED BY THE PROGRESSIVELY ACCUMULATED MUTATIONS. FOR SOME TUMORS THERE IS A CLEAR PROGRESSIVE ADVANCEMENT FROM BENIGN LESIONS TO MALIGNANCY AND FOR THESE, PREVENTIVE SCREENING PROGRAMS EXIST. IN SUCH CASES HAVING THOSE BENIGN LESIONS ARE A CLEAR INDICATOR OF PREDISPOSITION WHILE FOR SOME OTHER CASES, FAMILIAL PATTERNS OF CANCER INCIDENCE AND THE IDENTIFICATION OF MUTATIONS ARE THE MAIN INDICATORS OF HIGHER RISK FOR HAVING THE DISEASE. FOR PATIENTS IDENTIFIED AS HAVING PREDISPOSITION, CHEMOPREVENTION IS A GOAL AND IN SOME CASES A POSSIBILITY. CHEMOPREVENTION IS THE USE OF ANY COMPOUND, EITHER NATURAL OR SYNTHETIC THAT ABROGATES CARCINOGENESIS OR TUMOR PROGRESSION, THROUGH DIFFERENT MECHANISMS, SOME OF WHICH HAVE ALREADY BEEN DESCRIBED. FOR EXAMPLE, THE CLASSIC MECHANISMS MAY INVOLVE ACTIVATION OF FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ENZYMES, CONTROL OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATION, AND DOWNREGULATION OF SPECIFIC SIGNALING PATHWAYS. MORE RECENTLY, EPIGENETICS ALLOWED FURTHER UNDERSTANDING OF THE CHEMOPREVENTIVE POTENTIAL OF SEVERAL AGENTS, SUCH AS SULFORAPHANE, GREEN TEA DERIVED COMPOUNDS, RESVERATROL, ISOFLAVONES, AND OTHERS WHICH WE EXPLOIT IN THIS REVIEW ARTICLE. THROUGHOUT THE TEXT WE DISCUSS THE PROPERTIES COMPOUNDS SHOULD HAVE IN ORDER TO BE CLASSIFIED AS CHEMOPREVENTIVE ONES AND THE CHALLENGES IN TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH IN THIS AREA, AS LOTS OF THE SUCCESS ACHIEVED IN VITRO CANNOT BE TRANSLATED INTO THE CLINICAL SETTINGS, DUE TO SEVERAL DIFFERENT DRAWBACKS, WHICH INCLUDE TOXICITY, COST, DOSE DEFINITION, PATIENT ADHERENCE, AND REGIMEN OF USE.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
19  4147  31 MECHANISMS UNDERLYING BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CRUCIFEROUS GLUCOSINOLATE-DERIVED ISOTHIOCYANATES/INDOLES: A FOCUS ON METABOLIC SYNDROME. AN INVERSE CORRELATION BETWEEN VEGETABLE CONSUMPTION AND THE INCIDENCE OF CANCER HAS LONG BEEN DESCRIBED. THIS PROTECTIVE EFFECT IS STRONGER WHEN CRUCIFEROUS VEGETABLES ARE SPECIFICALLY CONSUMED. THE BENEFICIAL PROPERTIES OF VEGETABLES ARE ATTRIBUTED TO THEIR BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS LIKE FIBER, ANTIOXIDANTS VITAMINS, ANTIOXIDANTS, MINERALS, AND PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS. CRUCIFEROUS VEGETABLES CONTAIN ALL THESE MOLECULES; HOWEVER, WHAT MAKES THEM DIFFERENT ARE THEIR SULFUROUS COMPONENTS, CALLED GLUCOSINOLATES, RESPONSIBLE FOR THEIR SPECIAL SMELL AND TASTE. GLUCOSINOLATES ARE INACTIVE BIOLOGICALLY IN THE ORGANISM BUT ARE HYDROLYZED BY THE ENZYME MYROSINASE RELEASED AS A RESULT OF CHEWING, LEADING TO THE FORMATION OF ACTIVE DERIVATIVES SUCH AS ISOTHIOCYANATES AND INDOLES. A CONSIDERABLE NUMBER OF IN VITRO AND IN VIVO STUDIES HAVE REPORTED THAT ISOTHIOCYANATES AND INDOLES ELICIT CHEMOPREVENTIVE POTENCY THROUGH MULTIPLE MECHANISMS THAT INCLUDE MODULATION OF PHASES I AND II DETOXIFICATION PATHWAY ENZYMES, REGULATION OF CELL CYCLE ARREST, AND CONTROL OF CELL GROWTH, INDUCTION OF APOPTOSIS, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, ANTI-ANGIOGENIC EFFECTS, AND EPIGENETIC REGULATION. NUCLEAR ERYTHROID 2-RELATED FACTOR 2 (NRF2) AND NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPAB (NF-KAPPAB) ARE KEY AND CENTRAL REGULATORS IN ALL THESE PROCESSES WITH A MAIN ROLE IN OXIDATIVE STRESS AND INFLAMMATION CONTROL. IT HAS BEEN DESCRIBED THAT ISOTHIOCYANATES AND INDOLES REGULATE THEIR ACTIVITY DIRECTLY AND INDIRECTLY. TODAY, THE METABOLIC SYNDROME (CENTRAL OBESITY, INSULIN RESISTANCE, HYPERLIPIDEMIA, AND HYPERTENSION) IS RESPONSIBLE FOR A MAJORITY OF DEATHS WORLDWIDE. ALL COMPONENTS OF METABOLIC SYNDROME ARE CHARACTERIZED BY CHRONIC INFLAMMATION WITH DEREGULATION OF THE PI3K/AKT/MTOR, MAPK/EKR/JNK, NRF2, AND NF-KAPPAB SIGNALING PATHWAYS. THE EFFECTS OF GLSS DERIVATIVES CONTROLLING THESE PATHWAYS HAVE BEEN WIDELY DESCRIBED IN RELATION TO CANCER. CHANGES IN FOOD CONSUMPTION PATTERNS OBSERVED IN THE LAST DECADES TO HIGHER CONSUMPTION OF ULTRA-PROCESSED FOODS, WITH ELEVATION IN SIMPLE SUGAR AND SATURATED FAT CONTENTS AND LOWER CONSUMPTION OF VEGETABLES AND FRUITS HAVE BEEN DIRECTLY CORRELATED WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME PREVALENCE. IN THIS REVIEW, IT IS SUMMARIZED THE KNOWLEDGE REGARDING THE MECHANISMS BY WHICH CRUCIFEROUS GLUCOSINOLATE DERIVATIVES (ISOTHIOCYANATES AND INDOLES) DIRECTLY AND INDIRECTLY REGULATE THESE PATHWAYS. HOWEVER, THE REVIEW PLACES A SPECIAL FOCUS ON THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE EFFECTS OF GLUCOSINOLATES DERIVATIVES IN METABOLIC SYNDROME, SINCE THIS HAS NOT BEEN REVIEWED BEFORE.	2020	

20  2835  29 FOOD AS MEDICINE: TARGETING THE URAEMIC PHENOTYPE IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE. THE OBSERVATION THAT UNHEALTHY DIETS (THOSE THAT ARE LOW IN WHOLE GRAINS, FRUITS AND VEGETABLES, AND HIGH IN SUGAR, SALT, SATURATED FAT AND ULTRA-PROCESSED FOODS) ARE A MAJOR RISK FACTOR FOR POOR HEALTH OUTCOMES HAS BOOSTED INTEREST IN THE CONCEPT OF 'FOOD AS MEDICINE'. THIS CONCEPT IS ESPECIALLY RELEVANT TO METABOLIC DISEASES, SUCH AS CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD), IN WHICH DIETARY APPROACHES ARE ALREADY USED TO AMELIORATE METABOLIC AND NUTRITIONAL COMPLICATIONS. INCREASED AWARENESS THAT TOXIC URAEMIC METABOLITES ORIGINATE NOT ONLY FROM INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM BUT ALSO FROM GUT MICROBIAL METABOLISM, WHICH IS DIRECTLY INFLUENCED BY DIET, HAS FUELLED INTEREST IN THE POTENTIAL OF 'FOOD AS MEDICINE' APPROACHES IN CKD BEYOND THE CURRENT STRATEGIES OF PROTEIN, SODIUM AND PHOSPHATE RESTRICTION. BIOACTIVE NUTRIENTS CAN ALTER THE COMPOSITION AND METABOLISM OF THE MICROBIOTA, ACT AS MODULATORS OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS INVOLVED IN INFLAMMATION AND OXIDATIVE STRESS, MITIGATE MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION, ACT AS SENOLYTICS AND IMPACT THE EPIGENOME BY ALTERING ONE-CARBON METABOLISM. AS GUT DYSBIOSIS, INFLAMMATION, OXIDATIVE STRESS, MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION, PREMATURE AGEING AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES ARE COMMON FEATURES OF CKD, THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT TAILORED, HEALTHY DIETS THAT INCLUDE BIOACTIVE NUTRIENTS AS PART OF THE FOODOME COULD POTENTIALLY BE USED TO PREVENT AND TREAT CKD AND ITS COMPLICATIONS.	2021