1  3058 140 GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION ANALYSIS IN RENAL ISCHEMIA REPERFUSION INJURY. RENAL ISCHEMIA REPERFUSION INJURY (IRI) IS FREQUENTLY ENCOUNTERED AFTER KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION AND IS A LEADING CAUSE OF ACUTE RENAL FAILURE. ABERRANT GENE EXPRESSION AND EPIGENETIC REGULATION OCCUR DURING THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF IRI. IN THIS STUDY, WE USED REDUCED REPRESENTATION BISULFITE SEQUENCING TO IDENTIFY THE DNA METHYLOME OF RENAL TISSUES DURING IRI AND THE SHAM-OPERATED TISSUES IN C57BL/6. THE METHYLATION STATUS OF APPROXIMATELY 1.29 MILLION CPGS LOCATED IN AN AVERAGE OF 11554 CPG ISLANDS AND 17113 PROMOTERS IN GENOME WAS DETERMINED. COMPARED WITH SHAM-OPERATED KIDNEY, BOTH ACUTE AND CHRONIC IRI SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED THE GENOME-WIDE METHYLATION LEVEL (1.1-1.8%) AND THE CPG METHYLATION LEVEL IN THE PROMOTER (0.4-0.5%), CPG ISLAND (0.5-1.3%), EXON (1.3-1.9%), AND INTRON (0.8-1.1%; ALL P<10(-153)). THE PROMOTERS OF 200, 191, AND 79 GENES WERE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED IN THE RENAL TISSUES AT 24H, 7DAYS, AND AT BOTH THE TIME POINTS AFTER IRI, RESPECTIVELY. AMONG THE 79 GENES, WHICH WERE CONSISTENTLY EPIGENETICALLY REGULATED AT TWO TIME POINTS, 18 GENES (22.8%) SHOWED DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION AFTER IRI IN A PREVIOUS STUDY OF RENAL EXPRESSION. WE VALIDATED THE PROMOTER METHYLATION STATUS AND EXPRESSION OF FIVE OUT OF THE 18 GENES, INCLUDING 2700049A03RIK, CCR9, FGD2, PFKFB3, AND SDC4 IN AN INDEPENDENT RENAL TISSUE COHORT. WE FOUND THAT ALL THE FIVE GENES EXHIBITED ALTERED METHYLATION OF PROMOTER (P=0.009-0.0001) FOLLOWING RENAL INJURY. THE PROMOTER METHYLATION OF 2700049A03RIK AND CCR9 WAS NEGATIVELY CORRELATED WITH THEIR MRNA EXPRESSION IN RENAL TISSUES (P<0.001 AND P<0.0001, RESPECTIVELY). OUR STUDY NOT ONLY DEMONSTRATED A GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION PATTERN IN THE IR-INJURED RENAL TISSUE FOR THE FIRST TIME, BUT ALSO INDICATED THAT THE REGULATION OF PROMOTER METHYLATION IS AN IMPORTANT MECHANISM UNDERLYING PERSISTENT ALTERATION OF GENE EXPRESSION.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
2  2373  39 EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF THE N-TERMINAL TRUNCATED ISOFORM OF MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-2 (NTT-MMP-2) AND ITS PRESENCE IN RENAL AND CARDIAC DISEASES. SEVERAL CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES HAVE DOCUMENTED A COMPELLING AND CRITICAL ROLE FOR THE FULL-LENGTH MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-2 (FL-MMP-2) IN ISCHEMIC RENAL INJURY, PROGRESSIVE RENAL FIBROSIS, AND DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY. A NOVEL N-TERMINAL TRUNCATED ISOFORM OF MMP-2 (NTT-MMP-2) WAS RECENTLY DISCOVERED, WHICH IS INDUCED BY HYPOXIA AND OXIDATIVE STRESS BY THE ACTIVATION OF A LATENT PROMOTER LOCATED IN THE FIRST INTRON OF THE MMP2 GENE. THIS NTT-MMP-2 ISOFORM IS ENZYMATICALLY ACTIVE BUT REMAINS INTRACELLULAR IN OR NEAR THE MITOCHONDRIA. IN THIS PERSPECTIVE ARTICLE, WE FIRST PRESENT THE FINDINGS ABOUT THE DISCOVERY OF THE NTT-MMP-2 ISOFORM, AND ITS FUNCTIONAL AND STRUCTURAL DIFFERENCES AS COMPARED WITH THE FL-MMP-2 ISOFORM. BASED ON PUBLICLY AVAILABLE EPIGENOMICS DATA FROM THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF DNA ELEMENTS (ENCODE) PROJECT, WE PROVIDE INSIGHTS INTO THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF THE LATENT PROMOTER LOCATED IN THE FIRST INTRON OF THE MMP2 GENE, WHICH SUPPORT THE ACTIVATION OF THE NTT-MMP-2 ISOFORM. WE THEN FOCUS ON ITS FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT BY COVERING THE ALTERATIONS FOUND IN THE KIDNEY OF TRANSGENIC MICE EXPRESSING THE NTT-MMP-2 ISOFORM. NEXT, WE HIGHLIGHT RECENT FINDINGS REGARDING THE PRESENCE OF THE NTT-MMP-2 ISOFORM IN RENAL DYSFUNCTION, IN KIDNEY AND CARDIAC DISEASES, INCLUDING DAMAGE OBSERVED IN AGING, ACUTE ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY (IRI), CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE, DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY, AND HUMAN RENAL TRANSPLANTS WITH DELAYED GRAFT FUNCTION. FINALLY, WE BRIEFLY DISCUSS HOW OUR INSIGHTS MAY GUIDE FURTHER EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL STUDIES THAT ARE NEEDED TO ELUCIDATE THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS AND THE ROLE OF THE NTT-MMP-2 ISOFORM IN RENAL DYSFUNCTION, WHICH MAY HELP TO ESTABLISH IT AS A POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGET IN KIDNEY DISEASES.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
3  6702  37 VEGFA PROMOTER GENE HYPERMETHYLATION AT HIF1ALPHA BINDING SITE IS AN EARLY CONTRIBUTOR TO CKD PROGRESSION AFTER RENAL ISCHEMIA. CHRONIC HYPOXIA IS A MAJOR CONTRIBUTOR TO CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD) AFTER ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY (AKI). HOWEVER, THE TEMPORAL RELATION BETWEEN THE ACUTE INSULT AND MALADAPTIVE RENAL RESPONSE TO HYPOXIA REMAINS UNCLEAR. IN THIS STUDY, WE ANALYZED THE TIME-COURSE OF RENAL HEMODYNAMICS, OXIDATIVE STRESS, INFLAMMATION, AND FIBROSIS, AS WELL AS EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, WITH FOCUS ON HIF1ALPHA/VEGF SIGNALING, IN THE AKI TO CKD TRANSITION. SHAM-OPERATED, RIGHT NEPHRECTOMY (UNX), AND UNX PLUS RENAL ISCHEMIA (IR + UNX) GROUPS OF RATS WERE INCLUDED AND STUDIED AT 1, 2, 3, OR 4 MONTHS. THE IR + UNX GROUP DEVELOPED CKD CHARACTERIZED BY PROGRESSIVE PROTEINURIA, RENAL DYSFUNCTION, TUBULAR PROLIFERATION, AND FIBROSIS. AT FIRST MONTH POST-ISCHEMIA, THERE WAS A TWOFOLD SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN OXIDATIVE STRESS AND REDUCTION IN GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION THAT WAS MAINTAINED THROUGHOUT THE STUDY. HIF1ALPHA AND VEGFA EXPRESSION WERE DEPRESSED IN THE FIRST AND SECOND-MONTHS POST-ISCHEMIA, AND THEN HIF1ALPHA BUT NOT VEGFA EXPRESSION WAS RECOVERED. INTERESTINGLY, HYPERMETHYLATION OF THE VEGFA PROMOTER GENE AT THE HIF1ALPHA BINDING SITE WAS FOUND, SINCE EARLY STAGES OF THE CKD PROGRESSION. OUR FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT RENAL HYPOPERFUSION, INEFFICIENT HYPOXIC RESPONSE, INCREASED OXIDATIVE STRESS, DNA HYPOMETHYLATION, AND, VEGFA PROMOTER GENE HYPERMETHYLATION AT HIF1ALPHA BINDING SITE, ARE EARLY DETERMINANTS OF AKI-TO-CKD TRANSITION.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
4  4016  33 LOW-DOSE HYDRALAZINE PREVENTS FIBROSIS IN A MURINE MODEL OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY-TO-CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PROGRESSION. ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY (AKI) AND PROGRESSIVE CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD) ARE INTRINSICALLY TIED SYNDROMES. IN THIS REGARD, THE ACUTELY INJURED KIDNEY OFTEN DOES NOT ACHIEVE ITS FULL REGENERATIVE CAPACITY AND AKI DIRECTLY TRANSITIONS INTO PROGRESSIVE CKD ASSOCIATED WITH TUBULOINTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS. UNDERLYING MECHANISMS OF SUCH AKI-TO-CKD PROGRESSION ARE STILL INCOMPLETELY UNDERSTOOD AND SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS ARE STILL ELUSIVE. BECAUSE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS PLAY A ROLE IN MAINTAINING TISSUE FIBROSIS, WE USED A MURINE MODEL OF ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY TO DETERMINE WHETHER ABERRANT PROMOTER METHYLATION OF RASAL1 CONTRIBUTES CAUSALLY TO THE SWITCH BETWEEN PHYSIOLOGICAL REGENERATION AND TUBULOINTERSTITIAL FIBROGENESIS, A HALLMARK OF AKI-TO-CKD PROGRESSION. IT IS KNOWN THAT THE ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUG HYDRALAZINE HAS DEMETHYLATING ACTIVITY, AND THAT ITS OPTIMUM DEMETHYLATING ACTIVITY OCCURS AT CONCENTRATIONS BELOW BLOOD PRESSURE-LOWERING DOSES. ADMINISTRATION OF LOW-DOSE HYDRALAZINE EFFECTIVELY INDUCED EXPRESSION OF HYDROXYLASE TET3, WHICH CATALYZED RASAL1 HYDROXYMETHYLATION AND SUBSEQUENT RASAL1 PROMOTER DEMETHYLATION. HYDRALAZINE-INDUCED CPG PROMOTER DEMETHYLATION SUBSEQUENTLY ATTENUATED RENAL FIBROSIS AND PRESERVED EXCRETORY RENAL FUNCTION INDEPENDENT OF ITS BLOOD PRESSURE-LOWERING EFFECTS. IN COMPARISON, RASAL1 DEMETHYLATION AND INHIBITION OF TUBULOINTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS WAS NOT DETECTED UPON ADMINISTRATION OF THE ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITOR RAMIPRIL IN THIS MODEL. THUS, RASAL1 PROMOTER METHYLATION AND SUBSEQUENT TRANSCRIPTIONAL RASAL1 SUPPRESSION PLAYS A CAUSAL ROLE IN AKI-TO-CKD PROGRESSION.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
5   274  45 AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION AFFECT RENAL HISTOLOGY AND POST-TRANSPLANT FIBROSIS. DURING AGEING, KIDNEY FUNCTION DECREASES DUE TO RENAL TUBULAR ATROPHY, INTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS, GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS AND ARTERIOSCLEROSIS. RECENTLY, CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION WERE SHOWN TO CONTRIBUTE TO VARIOUS AGEING PROCESSES. HOWEVER, IT IS UNKNOWN WHETHER SUCH CHANGES ALSO CONTRIBUTE TO AGE-RELATED KIDNEY DYSFUNCTION. TO ASSESS THIS, WE PROFILED GENOME-WIDE CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION (OVER 800 000 CPG SITES) IN 95 RENAL BIOPSIES OBTAINED PRIOR TO KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION FROM DONORS AGED 16 TO 73 YEARS. DONOR AGE SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE METHYLATION OF 92 778 CPGS (FALSE DISCOVERY RATE UNDER 0.05), CORRESPONDING TO 10 285 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS. THESE REGIONS WERE MOST FREQUENTLY LOCATED IN GENES INVOLVED IN THE WNT/BETA-CATENIN SIGNALING PATHWAY. USING AN INDEPENDENT COHORT OF 67 BIOPSIES, WE AUTONOMOUSLY VALIDATED THESE FINDINGS. INTERESTINGLY, THE METHYLATION STATUS OF THESE 92 778 AGE-RELATED CPGS WAS ASSOCIATED WITH GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS (34.4% OF CPGS AT A FALSE DISCOVERY RATE UNDER 0.05) AND INTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS (0.9%) AND GRAFT FUNCTION AT ONE YEAR AFTER TRANSPLANTATION, BUT NOT WITH TUBULAR ATROPHY AND ARTERIOSCLEROSIS. NO ASSOCIATION WAS OBSERVED WITH ANY OF THESE PATHOLOGIES AT THE TIME OF TRANSPLANTATION (0% AT A FALSE DISCOVERY RATE UNDER 0.05). THUS, AGE-ASSOCIATED CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION AT THE TIME OF TRANSPLANTATION PREDICT FUTURE INJURY OF TRANSPLANTED KIDNEYS. SPECIFICALLY, OUR EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY DEMONSTRATES THAT EPIGENETIC RENAL AGEING IS IMPLICATED IN PROGRESSIVE FIBROSIS IN BOTH THE GLOMERULUS AND THE INTERSTITIUM.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
6  3857  42 ISCHEMIA- REPERFUSION INJURY AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OF THE DONOR KIDNEY GENOME. BACKGROUND: IN CLINICAL TRANSPLANTATION, ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY (I/RI) CAUSES DAMAGE TO DNA. WE HYPOTHESIZE THAT ONE FORM OF DAMAGE IS THE DEMETHYLATION OF METHYLATED CYTOSINES IN THE DONOR GENOME CAUSED BY THE OXIDATIVE ENVIRONMENT CREATED FIRST BY ISCHEMIA, AND SUBSEQUENTLY BY REPERFUSION ON TRANSPLANTATION. THIS STUDY CONTRIBUTES TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF HOW THE SHORT-LIVED AND TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC INSULT MAY INFLUENCE CHRONIC PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES THAT OCCUR IN CLINICAL TRANSPLANTATION IN THE LONG TERM. METHODS: A MODEL OF I/RI AND CHRONIC REJECTION; FISHER TO FISHER KIDNEY TRANSPLANT RENDERED COLD-ISCHEMIC FOR 4 HR BEFORE TRANSPLANTATION, TO INDUCE ANTIGEN-INDEPENDENT CHRONIC NEPHROPATHY OVER A 6-MONTH PERIOD, WAS USED. TISSUE WAS ASSESSED BY HISTOPATHOLOGY AND METHYLATION BY PYROSEQUENCING ANALYSIS. RESULTS: AN EPIGENETIC MAP OF THE RAT RENAL C3 PROMOTER WAS PRODUCED, WHICH IDENTIFIED METHYLATED CYTOSINE PHOSPHO GUANINE (CPG) SITES COINCIDENT TO CYTOKINE RESPONSE ELEMENTS AND NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPA-LIGHT-CHAIN-ENHANCER OF ACTIVATED B CELLS (NF-KAPPAB) BINDING SITES. PYROSEQUENCING ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT THE TISSUE THAT HAD UNDERGONE 4 HR ISCHEMIA AND REPERFUSION DEVELOPED ABERRANT DEMETHYLATION OF CYTOSINES IN PUTATIVE REGULATORY SITES WITHIN THE C3 PROMOTER. CONCLUSION: THESE FINDINGS MAY DESCRIBE A NEWLY RECOGNIZED PHENOMENA IN THE FIELD OF TRANSPLANTATION. ABERRANT DEMETHYLATION HAS LONG BEEN LINKED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF TUMORS, AND OUR DATA SUGGEST A SIMILAR MECHANISM OF GENE DYSREGULATION THAT MAY BE INITIATED BY I/RI WITH ACUTE AND CHRONIC EFFECTS. THESE DATA MAY CONTRIBUTE TO A FURTHER UNDERSTANDING OF HOW THE SHORT LIVED AND TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC INSULT INFLUENCES CHRONIC PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES THAT OCCUR EVEN IN THE ABSENCE OF MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX DISPARITY IN TRANSPLANTATION.	2008	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
7   355  25 ALTERED MITOCHONDRIAL DNA METHYLATION AND MITOCHONDRIAL DNA COPY NUMBER IN AN APP/PS1 TRANSGENIC MOUSE MODEL OF ALZHEIMER DISEASE. ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) IS A CHRONIC NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE AND MITOCHONDRIAL IMPAIRMENT IS A KEY FEATURE OF AD. THE MITOCHONDRIAL DNA (MTDNA) EPIGENETIC MECHANISM IS A RELATIVELY NEW FIELD COMPARED TO NUCLEAR DNA. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MTDNA EPIGENETIC MECHANISM AND AD HASN'T BEEN ESTABLISHED. SO WE ANALYZED THE MTDNA METHYLATION IN D-LOOP REGION AND 12 S RRNA GENE IN THE HIPPOCAMPI IN AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN/PRESENILIN 1 (APP/PS1) TRANSGENIC MICE BY BISULFITE PYROSEQUENCING. MITOCHONDRIAL DNA COPY NUMBER AND GENE EXPRESSION WERE STUDIED BY QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME PCR (QRT-PCR). WE OBSERVED A DECREASE IN THE DISPLACEMENT LOOP (D-LOOP) METHYLATION AND AN INCREASE IN 12 S RRNA GENE METHYLATION, WHILE BOTH THE MTDNA COPY NUMBER AND THE MITOCHONDRIAL GENE EXPRESSION WERE REDUCED IN APP/PS1 TRANSGENIC MICE. IN SUMMARY, THE PRESENT FINDING SUGGEST THAT MTDNA METHYLATION MAY PLAY A ROLE IN AD PATHOLOGY, WHICH WARRANTS LARGER FUTURE INVESTIGATIONS.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
8  1620  41 DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE-MEDIATED TRANSCRIPTIONAL SILENCING IN MALIGNANT GLIOMA: A COMBINED WHOLE-GENOME MICROARRAY AND PROMOTER ARRAY ANALYSIS. EPIGENETIC INACTIVATION OF TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES IS A COMMON FEATURE IN HUMAN CANCER. PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATION AND HISTONE DEACETYLATION ARE REVERSIBLE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION. DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES (DNMT1 AND DNMT3B) REGULATE AND MAINTAIN PROMOTER METHYLATION AND ARE OVEREXPRESSED IN HUMAN CANCER. WE PERFORMED WHOLE-GENOME MICROARRAY ANALYSIS TO IDENTIFY GENES WITH ALTERED EXPRESSION AFTER RNAI-INDUCED SUPPRESSION OF DNMT IN A GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME (GBM) CELL LINE. WE THEN IDENTIFIED GENES WITH BOTH DECREASED EXPRESSION AND EVIDENCE OF PROMOTER CPG ISLAND HYPERMETHYLATION IN GBM TISSUE SAMPLES USING A COMBINED WHOLE-GENOME MICROARRAY TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS IN CONJUNCTION WITH A PROMOTER ARRAY ANALYSIS AFTER DNA IMMUNOPRECIPITATION WITH ANTI-5-METHYLCYTIDINE. DNMT1 AND 3B KNOCKDOWN RESULTED IN THE RESTORED EXPRESSION OF 308 GENES THAT ALSO CONTAINED PROMOTER REGION HYPERMETHYLATION. OF THESE, 43 WERE ALSO FOUND TO BE DOWNREGULATED IN GBM TISSUE SAMPLES. THREE DOWNREGULATED GENES WITH HYPERMETHYLATED PROMOTERS AND RESTORED EXPRESSION IN RESPONSE TO ACUTE DNMT SUPPRESSION WERE ASSAYED FOR METHYLATION CHANGES USING BISULFITE SEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF THE PROMOTER REGION AFTER CHRONIC DNMT SUPPRESSION. RESTORATION OF GENE EXPRESSION WAS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH CHANGES IN PROMOTER REGION METHYLATION, BUT RATHER WITH CHANGES IN HISTONE METHYLATION AND CHROMATIN CONFORMATION. TWO OF THE IDENTIFIED GENES EXHIBITED GROWTH SUPPRESSIVE ACTIVITY IN IN VITRO ASSAYS. COMBINING TARGETED GENETIC MANIPULATIONS WITH COMPREHENSIVE GENOMIC AND EXPRESSION ANALYSES PROVIDES A POTENTIALLY POWERFUL NEW APPROACH FOR IDENTIFYING EPIGENETICALLY REGULATED GENES IN GBM.	2009	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
9  5994  33 TGFBETA-INCURRED EPIGENETIC ABERRATIONS OF MIRNA AND DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE SUPPRESS KLOTHO AND POTENTIATE RENAL FIBROSIS. RENAL FIBROSIS IS A COMMON PATHOLOGICAL FEATURE OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASES (CKD) AND ITS DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION ARE SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECTED BY EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS SUCH AS ABERRANT MIRNA AND DNA METHYLATION. KLOTHO IS AN ANTI-AGING AND ANTI-FIBROTIC PROTEIN AND ITS EARLY DECLINE AFTER RENAL INJURY IS REPORTEDLY ASSOCIATED WITH ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION. HOWEVER, THE KEY UPSTREAM PATHOLOGICAL MEDIATORS AND THE MOLECULAR CASCADE LEADING TO EPIGENETIC KLOTHO SUPPRESSION ARE NOT EXCLUSIVELY ESTABLISHED. HERE WE INVESTIGATE THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISM OF KLOTHO DEFICIENCY AND ITS FUNCTIONAL RELEVANCE IN RENAL FIBROGENESIS. FIBROTIC KIDNEYS INDUCED BY UNILATERAL URETERAL OCCLUSION (UUO) DISPLAYED MARKED KLOTHO SUPPRESSION AND THE PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATION. THESE ABNORMALITIES WERE LIKELY DUE TO DEREGULATED TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-BETA (TGFBETA) SINCE TGFBETA ALONE CAUSED THE SIMILAR EPIGENETIC ABERRATIONS IN CULTURED RENAL CELLS AND TGFBETA BLOCKADE PREVENTED THE ALTERATIONS IN UUO KIDNEY. FURTHER INVESTIGATION REVEALED THAT TGFBETA ENHANCED DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE (DNMT) 1 AND DNMT3A VIA INHIBITING MIR-152 AND MIR-30A IN BOTH RENAL CELLS AND FIBROTIC KIDNEYS. ACCORDINGLY THE BLOCKADE OF EITHER TGFBETA SIGNALING OR DNMT1/3A ACTIVITIES SIGNIFICANTLY RECOVERED THE KLOTHO LOSS AND ATTENUATED PRO-FIBROTIC PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND RENAL FIBROSIS. MOREOVER, KLOTHO KNOCKDOWN BY RNA INTERFERENCES ABOLISHED THE ANTI-FIBROTIC EFFECTS OF DNMT INHIBITION IN BOTH TGFBETA-TREATED RENAL CELL AND UUO KIDNEY, INDICATING THAT TGFBETA-MEDIATED MIR-152/30A INHIBITIONS, DNMT1/3A ABERRATIONS AND SUBSEQUENT KLOTHO LOSS CONSTITUTE A CRITICAL REGULATORY LOOP THAT ELIMINATES KLOTHO'S ANTI-FIBROTIC ACTIVITIES AND POTENTIATES RENAL FIBROGENESIS. THUS, OUR STUDY ELABORATES A NOVEL EPIGENETIC CASCADE OF RENAL FIBROGENESIS AND REVEALS THE POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS FOR TREATING THE RENAL FIBROSIS-ASSOCIATED KIDNEY DISEASES.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
10  3858  42 ISCHEMIA-INDUCED DNA HYPERMETHYLATION DURING KIDNEY TRANSPLANT PREDICTS CHRONIC ALLOGRAFT INJURY. BACKGROUND ISCHEMIA DURING KIDNEY TRANSPLANT CAUSES CHRONIC ALLOGRAFT INJURY AND ADVERSELY AFFECTS OUTCOME, BUT THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS ARE INCOMPLETELY UNDERSTOOD. IN TUMORS, OXYGEN SHORTAGE REDUCES THE DNA DEMETHYLATING ACTIVITY OF THE TEN-11 TRANSLOCATION (TET) ENZYMES, YIELDING HYPERMETHYLATED GENOMES THAT PROMOTE TUMOR PROGRESSION. WE INVESTIGATED WHETHER ISCHEMIA SIMILARLY INDUCES DNA HYPERMETHYLATION IN KIDNEY TRANSPLANTS AND CONTRIBUTES TO CHRONIC INJURY.METHODS WE PROFILED GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION IN THREE COHORTS OF BRAIN-DEAD DONOR KIDNEY ALLOGRAFT BIOPSY SPECIMENS: A LONGITUDINAL COHORT WITH PAIRED BIOPSY SPECIMENS OBTAINED AT ALLOGRAFT PROCUREMENT (PREISCHEMIA; N=13), AFTER IMPLANTATION AND REPERFUSION (POSTISCHEMIA; N=13), AND AT 3 OR 12 MONTHS AFTER TRANSPLANT (N=5 EACH); A CROSS-SECTIONAL COHORT WITH PREIMPLANTATION BIOPSY SPECIMENS (N=82); AND A CROSS-SECTIONAL COHORT WITH POSTREPERFUSION BIOPSY SPECIMENS (N=46).RESULTS ANALYSIS OF THE PAIRED PREISCHEMIA AND POSTISCHEMIA SPECIMENS REVEALED THAT METHYLATION INCREASED DRASTICALLY IN ALL ALLOGRAFTS ON ISCHEMIA. HYPERMETHYLATION WAS CAUSED BY LOSS OF 5-HYDROXYMETHYLCYTOSINE, THE PRODUCT OF TET ACTIVITY, AND IT WAS STABLE 1 YEAR AFTER TRANSPLANT. IN THE PREIMPLANTATION COHORT, CPG HYPERMETHYLATION DIRECTLY CORRELATED WITH ISCHEMIA TIME AND FOR SOME CPGS, INCREASED 2.6% PER ADDITIONAL HOUR OF ISCHEMIA. HYPERMETHYLATION PREFERENTIALLY AFFECTED AND REDUCED THE EXPRESSION OF GENES INVOLVED IN SUPPRESSING KIDNEY INJURY AND FIBROSIS. MOREOVER, CPG HYPERMETHYLATION IN PREIMPLANTATION SPECIMENS PREDICTED CHRONIC INJURY, PARTICULARLY FIBROSIS AND GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS, 1 YEAR AFTER TRANSPLANT. THIS FINDING WAS VALIDATED IN THE INDEPENDENT POSTREPERFUSION COHORT, IN WHICH HYPERMETHYLATION ALSO PREDICTED REDUCED ALLOGRAFT FUNCTION 1 YEAR AFTER TRANSPLANT, OUTPERFORMING ESTABLISHED CLINICAL VARIABLES.CONCLUSIONS WE HIGHLIGHT A NOVEL EPIGENETIC BASIS FOR ISCHEMIA-INDUCED CHRONIC ALLOGRAFT INJURY WITH BIOMARKER POTENTIAL.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
11  3809  44 INTRAPERITONEAL 5-AZACYTIDINE ALLEVIATES NERVE INJURY-INDUCED PAIN IN RATS BY MODULATING DNA METHYLATION. TO INVESTIGATE THE ROLE OF DNA METHYLATION IN MODULATING CHRONIC NEUROPATHIC PAIN (NPP), IDENTIFY POSSIBLE TARGET GENES OF DNA METHYLATION INVOLVED IN THIS PROCESS, AND PRELIMINARILY CONFIRM THE MEDICINAL VALUE OF THE DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES (DNMTS) INHIBITOR 5-AZACYTIDINE (5-AZA) IN NPP BY TARGETING GENE METHYLATION. TWO RAT NPP MODELS, CHRONIC CONSTRICTION INJURY (CCI) AND SPINAL NERVE LIGATION (SNL), WERE USED. THE DNA METHYLATION PROFILES IN THE LUMBAR SPINAL CORD WERE ASSAYED USING AN ARRAYSTAR RAT REFSEQ PROMOTER ARRAY. THE UNDERLYING GENES WITH DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION WERE THEN IDENTIFIED AND SUBMITTED TO GENE ONTOLOGY AND PATHWAY ANALYSIS. METHYL-DNA IMMUNOPRECIPITATION QUANTITATIVE PCR (MEDIP-QPCR) AND QUANTITATIVE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR (RT-QPCR) WERE USED TO CONFIRM GENE METHYLATION AND EXPRESSION. THE PROTECTIVE FUNCTION OF 5-AZA IN NPP AND GENE EXPRESSION WERE EVALUATED VIA BEHAVIORAL ASSAYS AND RT-QPCR, RESPECTIVELY. ANALYSIS OF THE DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS IN THE LUMBAR SPINAL CORD INDICATED THAT 1205 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED FRAGMENTS IN CCI RATS WERE LOCATED WITHIN DNA PROMOTER REGIONS, INCLUDING 638 HYPERMETHYLATED FRAGMENTS AND 567 HYPOMETHYLATED FRAGMENTS. THE METHYLATION LEVELS OF GRM4, HTR4, ADRB2, KCNF1, GAD2, AND PPARG, WHICH ARE ASSOCIATED WITH LONG-TERM POTENTIATION (LTP) AND GLUTAMATERGIC SYNAPSE PATHWAYS, WERE INCREASED WITH A CORRESPONDING DECREASE IN THEIR MRNA EXPRESSION, IN THE SPINAL CORDS OF CCI RATS. MOREOVER, WE FOUND THAT THE INTRAPERITONEAL INJECTION OF 5-AZA (4 MG/KG) ATTENUATED CCI- OR SNL-INDUCED MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA AND THERMAL HYPERALGESIA. FINALLY, THE MRNA EXPRESSION OF HYPERMETHYLATED GENES SUCH AS GRM4, HTR4, ADRB2, KCNF1, AND GAD2 WAS REVERSED AFTER 5-AZA TREATMENT. CCI INDUCED WIDESPREAD METHYLATION CHANGES IN THE DNA PROMOTER REGIONS IN THE LUMBAR SPINAL CORD. INTRAPERITONEAL 5-AZA ALLEVIATED HYPERALGESIA IN CCI AND SNL RATS, AN EFFECT ACCOMPANIED BY THE REVERSED EXPRESSION OF HYPERMETHYLATED GENES. THUS, DNA METHYLATION INHIBITION REPRESENTS A PROMISING EPIGENETIC STRATEGY FOR PROTECTION AGAINST CHRONIC NPP FOLLOWING NERVE INJURY. OUR STUDY LAYS A THEORETICAL FOUNDATION FOR 5-AZA TO BECOME A CLINICAL TARGETED DRUG.	2023	
                                 
12  3663  23 INDUCTION OF TET3-DEPENDENT EPIGENETIC REMODELING BY LOW-DOSE HYDRALAZINE ATTENUATES PROGRESSION OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE. PROGRESSION OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE REMAINS A PRINCIPAL PROBLEM IN CLINICAL NEPHROLOGY AND THERE IS A PRESSING NEED FOR NOVEL THERAPEUTICS AND BIOMARKERS. ABERRANT PROMOTER CPG ISLAND METHYLATION AND SUBSEQUENT TRANSCRIPTIONAL SILENCING OF SPECIFIC GENES HAVE EMERGED AS CONTRIBUTORS TO PROGRESSION OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE. HERE, WE REPORT THAT TRANSCRIPTIONAL SILENCING OF THE RAS-GTP SUPPRESSOR RASAL1 CONTRIBUTES CAUSALLY TO PROGRESSION OF KIDNEY FIBROSIS AND WE IDENTIFIED THAT CIRCULATING METHYLATED RASAL1 PROMOTER DNA FRAGMENTS IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD CORRESPOND WITH LEVELS OF INTRARENAL LEVELS OF RASAL1 PROMOTER METHYLATION AND DEGREE OF FIBROSIS IN KIDNEY BIOPSIES, ENABLING NON-INVASIVE LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS OF INTRARENAL CPG ISLAND METHYLATION.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
13   972  40 CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE IS ASSOCIATED WITH EPIGENOME-WIDE DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION IN BAL LUNG CELLS. DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS IN CHRONIC PULMONARY OBSTRUCTIVE DISEASE (COPD) MIGHT OFFER NEW INSIGHTS INTO DISEASE PATHOGENESIS. TO ASSESS METHYLATION PROFILES IN THE MAIN COPD TARGET ORGAN, WE PERFORMED AN EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY ON BAL CELLS. BRONCHOSCOPIES WERE PERFORMED IN 18 SUBJECTS WITH COPD AND 15 CONTROL SUBJECTS (EX- AND CURRENT SMOKERS). DNA METHYLATION WAS MEASURED USING THE ILLUMINA METHYLATIONEPIC BEADCHIP KIT, COVERING MORE THAN 850,000 CPGS. DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED POSITIONS (DMPS) WERE EXAMINED FOR 1) ENRICHMENT IN PATHWAYS AND FUNCTIONAL GENE RELATIONSHIPS USING THE KYOTO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF GENES AND GENOMES AND GENE ONTOLOGY, 2) ACCELERATED AGING USING HORVATH'S EPIGENETIC CLOCK, 3) CORRELATION WITH GENE EXPRESSION, AND 4) COLOCALIZATION WITH GENETIC VARIATION. WE FOUND 1,155 BONFERRONI-SIGNIFICANT (P < 6.74 X 10(-8)) DMPS ASSOCIATED WITH COPD, MANY WITH LARGE EFFECT SIZES. FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS IDENTIFIED BIOLOGICALLY PLAUSIBLE PATHWAYS AND GENE RELATIONSHIPS, INCLUDING ENRICHMENT FOR TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR ACTIVITY. STRONG CORRELATION WAS FOUND BETWEEN DNA METHYLATION AND CHRONOLOGICAL AGE BUT NOT BETWEEN COPD AND ACCELERATED AGING. FOR 79 UNIQUE DMPS, DNA METHYLATION CORRELATED SIGNIFICANTLY WITH GENE EXPRESSION IN BAL CELLS. THIRTY-NINE PERCENT OF DMPS WERE COLOCALIZED WITH COPD-ASSOCIATED SNPS. TO THE BEST OF OUR KNOWLEDGE, THIS IS THE FIRST EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY OF COPD ON BAL CELLS, AND OUR ANALYSES REVEALED MANY DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION SITES. INTEGRATION WITH MRNA DATA SHOWED A STRONG FUNCTIONAL READOUT FOR RELEVANT GENES, IDENTIFYING SITES WHERE DNA METHYLATION MIGHT DIRECTLY AFFECT EXPRESSION. ALMOST HALF OF DMPS WERE COLOCATED WITH SNPS IDENTIFIED IN PREVIOUS GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES OF COPD, SUGGESTING JOINT GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC PATHWAYS RELATED TO DISEASE.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
14  3062  54 GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION ANALYSIS REVEALS NOVEL EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. WE CONDUCTED A GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION ANALYSIS IN CD19 (+) B-CELLS FROM CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL) PATIENTS AND NORMAL CONTROL SAMPLES USING REDUCED REPRESENTATION BISULFITE SEQUENCING (RRBS). THE METHYLATION STATUS OF 1.8-2.3 MILLION CPGS IN THE CLL GENOME WAS DETERMINED; ABOUT 45% OF THESE CPGS WERE LOCATED IN MORE THAN 23,000 CPG ISLANDS (CGIS). WHILE GLOBAL CPG METHYLATION WAS SIMILAR BETWEEN CLL AND NORMAL B-CELLS, 1764 GENE PROMOTERS WERE IDENTIFIED AS BEING DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED IN AT LEAST ONE CLL SAMPLE WHEN COMPARED WITH NORMAL B-CELL SAMPLES. NINETEEN PERCENT OF THE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED GENES WERE INVOLVED IN TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION. ABERRANT HYPERMETHYLATION WAS FOUND IN ALL HOX GENE CLUSTERS AND A SIGNIFICANT NUMBER OF WNT SIGNALING PATHWAY GENES. HYPOMETHYLATION OCCURRED MORE FREQUENTLY IN THE GENE BODY INCLUDING INTRONS, EXONS, AND 3'-UTRS IN CLL. THE NFATC1 P2 PROMOTER AND FIRST INTRON WAS FOUND TO BE HYPOMETHYLATED AND CORRELATED WITH UPREGULATION OF BOTH NFATC1 RNA AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION LEVELS IN CLL SUGGESTING THAT AN EPIGENETIC MECHANISM IS INVOLVED IN THE CONSTITUTIVE ACTIVATION OF NFAT ACTIVITY IN CLL CELLS. THIS COMPREHENSIVE DNA METHYLATION ANALYSIS WILL FURTHER OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE EPIGENETIC CONTRIBUTION TO CELLULAR DYSFUNCTION IN CLL.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
15  5860  40 SULFORAPHANE PREVENTS ANGIOTENSIN II-INDUCED CARDIOMYOPATHY BY ACTIVATION OF NRF2 THROUGH EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION. NUCLEAR FACTOR ERYTHROID 2-RELATED FACTOR (NRF2) IS AN IMPORTANT REGULATOR OF CELLULAR ANTIOXIDANT DEFENCE. WE PREVIOUSLY SHOWED THAT SFN PREVENTED ANG II-INDUCED CARDIAC DAMAGE VIA ACTIVATION OF NRF2. HOWEVER, THE UNDERLYING MECHANISM OF SFN'S PERSISTENT CARDIAC PROTECTION REMAINS UNCLEAR. THIS STUDY AIMED TO EXPLORE THE POTENTIAL OF SFN IN ACTIVATING CARDIAC NRF2 THROUGH EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. WILD-TYPE MICE WERE INJECTED SUBCUTANEOUSLY WITH ANG II, WITH OR WITHOUT SFN. ADMINISTRATION OF CHRONIC ANG II-INDUCED CARDIAC INFLAMMATORY FACTOR EXPRESSION, OXIDATIVE DAMAGE, FIBROSIS AND CARDIAC REMODELLING AND DYSFUNCTION, ALL OF WHICH WERE EFFECTIVELY IMPROVED BY SFN TREATMENT, COUPLED WITH AN UP-REGULATION OF NRF2 AND DOWNSTREAM GENES. BISULFITE GENOME SEQUENCING AND CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION (CHIP) WERE PERFORMED TO DETECT THE METHYLATION LEVEL OF THE FIRST 15 CPGS AND HISTONE H3 ACETYLATION (AC-H3) STATUS IN THE NRF2 PROMOTER REGION, RESPECTIVELY. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT SFN REDUCED ANG II-INDUCED CPG HYPERMETHYLATION AND PROMOTED AC-H3 ACCUMULATION IN THE NRF2 PROMOTER REGION, ACCOMPANIED BY THE INHIBITION OF GLOBAL DNMT AND HDAC ACTIVITY, AND A DECREASED PROTEIN EXPRESSION OF KEY DNMT AND HDAC ENZYMES. TAKEN TOGETHER, SFN EXERTS ITS CARDIOPROTECTIVE EFFECT THROUGH EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OF NRF2, WHICH MAY PARTIALLY CONTRIBUTE TO LONG-TERM ACTIVATION OF CARDIAC NRF2.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
16  3410  41 HOXA5 UNDERGOES DYNAMIC DNA METHYLATION AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSION IN THE ADIPOSE TISSUE OF MICE EXPOSED TO HIGH-FAT DIET. BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: THE GENOMIC BASES OF THE ADIPOSE TISSUE ABNORMALITIES INDUCED BY CHRONIC POSITIVE CALORIE EXCESS HAVE BEEN ONLY PARTIALLY ELUCIDATED. WE ADOPTED A GENOME-WIDE APPROACH TO DIRECTLY TEST WHETHER LONG-TERM HIGH-FAT DIET (HFD) EXPOSURE AFFECTS THE DNA METHYLATION PROFILE OF THE MOUSE ADIPOSE TISSUE AND TO IDENTIFY THE FUNCTIONAL CONSEQUENCES OF THESE CHANGES. SUBJECTS/METHODS: WE HAVE USED EPIDIDYMAL FAT OF MICE FED EITHER HIGH-FAT (HFD) OR REGULAR CHOW (STD) DIET FOR 5 MONTHS AND PERFORMED GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION ANALYSES BY METHYLATED DNA IMMUNOPRECIPITATION SEQUENCING (MEDIP-SEQ). MOUSE HOMEOBOX (HOX) GENE DNA METHYLATION PCR, RT-QPCR AND BISULPHITE SEQUENCING ANALYSES WERE THEN PERFORMED. RESULTS: MICE FED THE HFD PROGRESSIVELY EXPANDED THEIR ADIPOSE MASS ACCOMPANIED BY A SIGNIFICANT DECREASE IN GLUCOSE TOLERANCE (P<0.001) AND INSULIN SENSITIVITY (P<0.05). MEDIP-SEQ DATA ANALYSIS REVEALED A UNIFORM DISTRIBUTION OF DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS (DMR) THROUGH THE ENTIRE ADIPOCYTE GENOME, WITH A HIGHER NUMBER OF HYPERMETHYLATED REGIONS IN HFD MICE (P<0.005). THIS DIFFERENT METHYLATION PROFILE WAS ACCOMPANIED BY INCREASED EXPRESSION OF THE DNMT3A DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE (DNMT; P<0.05) AND THE METHYL-CPG-BINDING DOMAIN PROTEIN MBD3 (P<0.05) GENES IN HFD MICE. GENE ONTOLOGY ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT, IN THE HFD-TREATED MICE, THE HOX FAMILY OF DEVELOPMENT GENES WAS HIGHLY ENRICHED IN DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED GENES (P=0.008). TO VALIDATE THIS FINDING, HOXA5, WHICH IS IMPLICATED IN FAT TISSUE DIFFERENTIATION AND REMODELING, HAS BEEN SELECTED AND ANALYZED BY BISULPHITE SEQUENCING, CONFIRMING HYPERMETHYLATION IN THE ADIPOSE TISSUE FROM THE HFD MICE. HOXA5 HYPERMETHYLATION WAS ASSOCIATED WITH DOWNREGULATION OF HOXA5 MRNA AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION. FEEDING ANIMALS PREVIOUSLY EXPOSED TO THE HFD WITH A STANDARD CHOW DIET FOR TWO FURTHER MONTHS IMPROVED THE METABOLIC PHENOTYPE OF THE ANIMALS, ACCOMPANIED BY RETURN OF HOXA5 METHYLATION AND EXPRESSION LEVELS (P<0.05) TO VALUES SIMILAR TO THOSE OF THE CONTROL MICE MAINTAINED UNDER STANDARD CHOW. CONCLUSIONS: HFD INDUCES ADIPOSE TISSUE ABNORMALITIES ACCOMPANIED BY EPIGENETIC CHANGES AT THE HOXA5 ADIPOSE TISSUE REMODELING GENE.	2016	

17   868  28 CHRONIC ADVANCED-GLYCATION END PRODUCTS TREATMENT INDUCES TXNIP EXPRESSION AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN GLOMERULAR PODOCYTES IN VIVO AND IN VITRO. ADVANCED GLYCATION END PRODUCTS (AGES) PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN OXIDATIVE STRESS AND INFLAMMATION, PROCESSES IMPLICATED IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION OF KIDNEY DYSFUNCTION. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, WE INVESTIGATED THE PARTICIPATION OF THE PRO-OXIDANT PROTEIN THIOREDOXIN-INTERACTING PROTEIN (TXNIP) AND OF EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS ON KIDNEY TISSUE (IN VIVO, IN NON-DIABETIC RATS) AND ON TERMINALLY DIFFERENTIATED GLOMERULAR PODOCYTES (IN VITRO) CHRONICALLY EXPOSED TO AGES. AGES INDUCED TOTAL KIDNEY AND GLOMERULAR TXNIP EXPRESSION AND DECREASED H3K27ME3 CONTENT. CONCOMITANT TREATMENT WITH THE ANTIOXIDANT N-ACETYL-CYSTEINE (NAC) REVERSED ONLY THE INCREASED TXNIP EXPRESSION. TXNIP EXPRESSION POSITIVELY CORRELATED WITH PROTEINURIA AND NEGATIVELY CORRELATED WITH H3K27ME3 CONTENT. IN VITRO STUDIES IN PODOCYTES SHOWED THAT 72 H EXPOSURE TO AGES DECREASED NEPHRIN EXPRESSION AND INCREASED TXNIP, NOX4, COL4A1, AND EPITHELIAL-TO-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION (EMT) MARKERS (ACTA2, SNAIL1, AND TGFB1). PODOCYTES TREATMENT WITH NAC REVERSED NOX4, COL4A1, ACTA2, AND TGFB1 INCREASED EXPRESSION BUT DID NOT ABROGATE THE REDUCED EXPRESSION OF NEPHRIN. MIR-29A EXPRESSION WAS DOWNREGULATED BY AGES IN VIVO, BUT NOT IN VITRO. IN CONCLUSION, TREATMENT OF NON-DIABETIC RATS WITH AGES INDUCED TXNIP EXPRESSION AND DECREASED THE CONTENTS OF THE REPRESSIVE EPIGENETIC MARK H3K27ME3 AND OF MIR-29A, POTENTIALLY DRIVING INJURY TO GLOMERULAR FILTRATION BARRIER AND PODOCYTES DYSFUNCTION.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
18  4017  32 LOW-DOSE HYDRALAZINE REDUCES ALBUMINURIA AND GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS IN A MOUSE MODEL OF OBESITY-RELATED CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE. AIM: TO DETERMINE, USING A MOUSE MODEL OF OBESITY, WHETHER LOW-DOSE HYDRALAZINE PREVENTS OBESITY-RELATED CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD). METHODS: FROM 8 WEEKS OF AGE, MALE C57BL/6 MICE RECEIVED A HIGH-FAT DIET (HFD) OR CHOW, WITH OR WITHOUT LOW-DOSE HYDRALAZINE (25 MG/L) IN DRINKING WATER, FOR 24 WEEKS. BIOMETRIC AND METABOLIC VARIABLES, RENAL FUNCTION AND STRUCTURAL CHANGES, RENAL GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION, DNA METHYLATION PROFILE AND MARKERS OF RENAL FIBROSIS, INJURY, INFLAMMATION AND OXIDATIVE STRESS WERE ASSESSED. RESULTS: THE HFD-FED MICE DEVELOPED OBESITY, WITH GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE, HYPERINSULINAEMIA AND DYSLIPIDAEMIA. OBESITY INCREASED ALBUMINURIA AND GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS, WHICH WERE SIGNIFICANTLY AMELIORATED BY LOW-DOSE HYDRALAZINE IN THE ABSENCE OF A BLOOD PRESSURE-LOWERING EFFECT. OBESITY INCREASED RENAL GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION AND THIS WAS ATTENUATED BY LOW-DOSE HYDRALAZINE. HFD-INDUCED CHANGES IN METHYLATION OF INDIVIDUAL LOCI WERE ALSO SIGNIFICANTLY REVERSED BY LOW-DOSE HYDRALAZINE. OBESE MICE DEMONSTRATED INCREASED MARKERS OF KIDNEY FIBROSIS, INFLAMMATION AND OXIDATIVE STRESS, BUT THESE MARKERS WERE NOT SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVED BY HYDRALAZINE. CONCLUSION: LOW-DOSE HYDRALAZINE AMELIORATED HFD-INDUCED ALBUMINURIA AND GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS, INDEPENDENT OF ALTERATIONS IN BIOMETRIC AND METABOLIC VARIABLES OR BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION. ALTHOUGH THE PRECISE MECHANISM OF RENOPROTECTION IN OBESITY IS UNCLEAR, AN EPIGENETIC BASIS MAY BE IMPLICATED. THESE DATA SUPPORT REPURPOSING HYDRALAZINE AS A NOVEL THERAPY TO PREVENT CKD PROGRESSION IN OBESE PATIENTS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
19  2774  38 EXTRACELLULAR SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE (EC-SOD) REGULATES GENE METHYLATION AND CARDIAC FIBROSIS DURING CHRONIC HYPOXIC STRESS. CHRONIC HYPOXIC STRESS INDUCES EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS MAINLY DNA METHYLATION IN CARDIAC FIBROBLASTS, INACTIVATING TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES (RASSF1A) AND ACTIVATING KINASES (ERK1/2) LEADING TO FIBROBLAST PROLIFERATION AND CARDIAC FIBROSIS. THE RAS/ERK SIGNALING PATHWAY IS AN INTRACELLULAR SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION CRITICALLY INVOLVED IN FIBROBLAST PROLIFERATION. RASSF1A FUNCTIONS THROUGH ITS EFFECT ON DOWNSTREAM ERK1/2. THE ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME, EXTRACELLULAR SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE (EC-SOD), DECREASES OXIDATIVE STRESS FROM CHRONIC HYPOXIA, BUT ITS EFFECTS ON THESE EPIGENETIC CHANGES HAVE NOT BEEN FULLY EXPLORED. TO TEST OUR HYPOTHESIS, WE USED AN IN-VITRO MODEL: WILD-TYPE C57B6 MALE MICE (WT) AND TRANSGENIC MALES WITH AN EXTRA COPY OF HUMAN HEC-SOD (TG). THE STUDIED ANIMALS WERE HOUSED IN HYPOXIA (10% O(2)) FOR 21 DAYS. THE RIGHT VENTRICULAR TISSUE WAS STUDIED FOR CARDIAC FIBROSIS MARKERS USING RT-PCR AND WESTERN BLOT ANALYSES. PRIMARY C57BL6 MOUSE CARDIAC FIBROBLAST TISSUE CULTURE WAS USED TO STUDY THE IN-VITRO MODEL, THE DOWNSTREAM EFFECTS OF RASSF-1 EXPRESSION AND METHYLATION, AND ITS RELATION TO ERK1/2. OUR FINDINGS SHOWED A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN CARDIAC FIBROSIS MARKERS: COLLAGEN 1, ALPHA SMOOTH MUSCLE ACTIN (ASMA), AND SNAIL, IN THE WT HYPOXIC ANIMALS AS COMPARED TO THE TG HYPOXIC GROUP (P < 0.05). THE EXPRESSION OF DNA METHYLATION ENZYMES (DNMT 1&3B) WAS SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED IN THE WT HYPOXIC MICE AS COMPARED TO THE HYPOXIC TG MICE (P < 0.001). RASSF1A EXPRESSION WAS SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER AND ERK1/2 WAS SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER IN HYPOXIA WT COMPARED TO THE HYPOXIC TG GROUP (P < 0.05). USE OF SIRNA TO BLOCK RASSF1A GENE EXPRESSION IN MURINE CARDIAC FIBROBLAST TISSUE CULTURE LED TO INCREASED FIBROBLAST PROLIFERATION (P < 0.05). METHYLATION OF THE RASSF1A PROMOTER REGION WAS SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED IN THE TG HYPOXIC GROUP COMPARED TO THE WT HYPOXIC GROUP (0.59 VS. 0.75, RESPECTIVELY). BASED ON OUR FINDINGS, WE CAN SPECULATE THAT EC-SOD SIGNIFICANTLY ATTENUATES RASSF1A GENE METHYLATION AND CAN ALLEVIATE CARDIAC FIBROSIS INDUCED BY HYPOXIA.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                              
20   949  39 CHRONIC METHAMPHETAMINE TREATMENT REDUCES THE EXPRESSION OF SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY GENES AND CHANGES THEIR DNA METHYLATION STATUS IN THE MOUSE BRAIN. METHAMPHETAMINE (METH) IS A HIGHLY ADDICTIVE PSYCHOSTIMULANT THAT MAY CAUSE LONG-LASTING SYNAPTIC DYSFUNCTION AND ABNORMAL GENE EXPRESSION. WE AIMED TO EXPLORE THE DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY GENES IN CHRONIC METH-TREATED MOUSE BRAIN. WE USED THE RT(2) PROFILER PCR ARRAY AND THE REAL-TIME QUANTITATIVE PCR TO CHARACTERIZE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY GENES IN THE FRONTAL CORTEX AND THE HIPPOCAMPUS OF CHRONIC METH-TREATED MICE COMPARED WITH NORMAL SALINE-TREATED MICE. WE FURTHER USED PYROSEQUENCING TO ASSESS DNA METHYLATION CHANGES IN THE CPG REGION OF THE FIVE IMMEDIATE EARLY GENES (IEGS) IN CHRONIC METH-TREATED MOUSE BRAIN. WE DETECTED SIX DOWNREGULATED GENES IN THE FRONTAL CORTEX AND THE HIPPOCAMPUS OF CHRONIC METH-TREATED MICE, INCLUDING FIVE IEGS (ARC, EGR2, FOS, KLF10, AND NR4A1) AND ONE NEURONAL RECEPTOR GENE (GRM1), COMPARED WITH NORMAL SALINE-TREATED GROUP, BUT ONLY FOUR GENES (ARC, EGR2, FOS, AND NR4A1) WERE CONFIRMED TO BE DIFFERENT. FURTHERMORE, WE FOUND SEVERAL CPG SITES OF THE ARC AND THE FOS THAT HAD SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION STATUS IN THE FRONTAL CORTEX OF CHRONIC METH-TREATED MICE, WHILE THE KLF10 AND THE NR4A1 THAT HAD SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS. OUR RESULTS SHOW THAT CHRONIC ADMINISTRATION OF METH MAY LEAD TO SIGNIFICANT DOWNREGULATION OF THE IEGS EXPRESSION IN BOTH THE FRONTAL CORTEX AND THE HIPPOCAMPUS, WHICH MAY PARTLY ACCOUNT FOR THE MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF THE ACTION OF METH. FURTHERMORE, THE CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION STATUS OF THE IEGS IN THE BRAIN INDICATE THAT AN EPIGENETIC MECHANISM-DEPENDENT TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION MAY CONTRIBUTE TO METH ADDICTION, WHICH WARRANTS ADDITIONAL STUDY.	2015