1  5006 194 PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY IS ACCOMPANIED BY CHRONIC TRANSCRIPTOME-WIDE CHANGES IN THE MOUSE PREFRONTAL CORTEX. BACKGROUND: PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY CAN HAVE LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES INCLUDING PAIN-RELATED MANIFESTATIONS, SUCH AS HYPERSENSITIVITY TO CUTANEOUS STIMULI, AS WELL AS AFFECTIVE AND COGNITIVE DISTURBANCES, SUGGESTING THE INVOLVEMENT OF SUPRASPINAL MECHANISMS. CHANGES IN BRAIN STRUCTURE AND CORTICAL FUNCTION ASSOCIATED WITH MANY CHRONIC PAIN CONDITIONS HAVE BEEN REPORTED IN THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX (PFC). THE PFC IS IMPLICATED IN PAIN-RELATED CO-MORBIDITIES SUCH AS DEPRESSION, ANXIETY AND IMPAIRED EMOTIONAL DECISION-MAKING ABILITY. WE RECENTLY REPORTED THAT THIS REGION IS SUBJECT TO SIGNIFICANT EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING FOLLOWING PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY, AND NORMALIZATION OF PAIN-RELATED STRUCTURAL, FUNCTIONAL AND EPIGENETIC ABNORMALITIES IN THE PFC ARE ALL ASSOCIATED WITH EFFECTIVE PAIN REDUCTION. IN THIS STUDY, WE USED THE SPARED NERVE INJURY (SNI) MODEL OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN TO TEST THE HYPOTHESIS THAT PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY TRIGGERS PERSISTENT LONG-LASTING CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION IN THE PFC, WHICH ALTER FUNCTIONAL GENE NETWORKS, THUS PROVIDING A POSSIBLE EXPLANATION FOR CHRONIC PAIN ASSOCIATED BEHAVIORS. RESULTS: SNI OR SHAM SURGERY WHERE PERFORMED IN MALE CD1 MICE AT THREE MONTHS OF AGE. SIX MONTHS AFTER INJURY, WE PERFORMED TRANSCRIPTOME-WIDE SEQUENCING (RNASEQ), WHICH REVEALED 1147 DIFFERENTIALLY REGULATED TRANSCRIPTS IN THE PFC IN NERVE-INJURED VS. CONTROL MICE. CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION OCCURRED ACROSS A NUMBER OF FUNCTIONAL GENE CLUSTERS ENCODING CARDINAL BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES AS REVEALED BY INGENUITY PATHWAY ANALYSIS. SIGNIFICANTLY ALTERED BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES INCLUDED NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE, SKELETAL MUSCULAR DISORDERS, BEHAVIOR, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS. SEVERAL OF THE CHANGES DETECTED BY RNASEQ WERE VALIDATED BY RT-QPCR AND INCLUDED TRANSCRIPTS WITH KNOWN ROLES IN CHRONIC PAIN AND/OR NEURONAL PLASTICITY INCLUDING THE NMDA RECEPTOR (GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR, IONOTROPIC, NMDA; GRIN1), NEURITE OUTGROWTH (ROUNDABOUT 3; ROBO3), GLIOSIS (GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; GFAP), VESICULAR RELEASE (SYNAPTOTAGMIN 2; SYT2), AND NEURONAL EXCITABILITY (VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNEL, TYPE I; SCN1A). CONCLUSIONS: THIS STUDY USED AN UNBIASED APPROACH TO DOCUMENT LONG-TERM ALTERATIONS IN GENE EXPRESSION IN THE BRAIN FOLLOWING PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY. WE PROPOSE THAT THESE CHANGES ARE MAINTAINED AS A MEMORY OF AN INSULT THAT IS TEMPORALLY AND SPATIALLY DISTANT FROM THE INITIAL INJURY.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
2  5443  52 REPEATED METHAMPHETAMINE AND MODAFINIL INDUCE DIFFERENTIAL COGNITIVE EFFECTS AND SPECIFIC HISTONE ACETYLATION AND DNA METHYLATION PROFILES IN THE MOUSE MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX. METHAMPHETAMINE (METH) AND MODAFINIL ARE PSYCHOSTIMULANTS WITH DIFFERENT LONG-TERM COGNITIVE PROFILES: METH IS ADDICTIVE AND LEADS TO COGNITIVE DECLINE, WHEREAS MODAFINIL HAS LITTLE ABUSE LIABILITY AND IS A COGNITIVE ENHANCER. INCREASING EVIDENCE IMPLICATES EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS OF GENE REGULATION BEHIND THE LASTING CHANGES THAT DRUGS OF ABUSE AND OTHER PSYCHOTROPIC COMPOUNDS INDUCE IN THE BRAIN, LIKE THE CONTROL OF GENE EXPRESSION BY HISTONES 3 AND 4 TAILS ACETYLATION (H3AC AND H4AC) AND DNA CYTOSINE METHYLATION (5-MC). MICE WERE TREATED WITH A SEVEN-DAY REPEATED METH, MODAFINIL OR VEHICLE PROTOCOL AND EVALUATED IN THE NOVEL OBJECT RECOGNITION (NOR) TEST OR SACRIFICED 4DAYS AFTER LAST INJECTION FOR MOLECULAR ASSAYS. WE EVALUATED TOTAL H3AC, H4AC AND 5-MC LEVELS IN THE MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX (MPFC), H3AC AND H4AC PROMOTOR ENRICHMENT (CHIP) AND MRNA EXPRESSION (RT-PCR) OF NEUROTRANSMITTER SYSTEMS INVOLVED IN AROUSAL, WAKEFULNESS AND COGNITIVE CONTROL, LIKE DOPAMINERGIC (DRD1 AND DRD2), ALPHA-ADRENERGIC (ADRA1A AND ADRA1B), OREXINERGIC (HCRTR1 AND HCRTR2), HISTAMINERGIC (HRH1 AND HRH3) AND GLUTAMATERGIC (AMPA GRIA1 AND NMDA GRIN1) RECEPTORS. REPEATED METH AND MODAFINIL TREATMENT ELICITED DIFFERENT COGNITIVE OUTCOMES IN THE NOR TEST, WHERE MODAFINIL-TREATED MICE PERFORMED AS CONTROLS AND METH-TREATED MICE SHOWED IMPAIRED RECOGNITION MEMORY. METH-TREATED MICE ALSO SHOWED I) DECREASED LEVELS OF TOTAL H3AC AND H4AC, AND INCREASED LEVELS OF 5-MC, II) DECREASED H3AC ENRICHMENT AT PROMOTERS OF DRD2, HCRTR1/2, HRH1 AND GRIN1, AND INCREASED H4AC ENRICHMENT AT DRD1, HRH1 AND GRIN1, III) INCREASED MRNA OF DRD1A, GRIN1 AND GRIA1. MODAFINIL-TREATED MICE SHARED NONE OF THESE EFFECTS AND SHOWED INCREASED H3AC ENRICHMENT AND MRNA EXPRESSION AT ADRA1B. MODAFINIL AND METH SHOWED SIMILAR EFFECTS LINKED TO DECREASED H3AC IN HRH3, INCREASED H4AC IN HCRTR1, AND DECREASED MRNA EXPRESSION OF HCRTR2. THE SPECIFIC METH-INDUCED EPIGENETIC AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL CHANGES DESCRIBED HERE MAY BE RELATED TO THE LONG-TERM COGNITIVE DECLINE EFFECTS OF THE DRUG AND ITS DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS ON MPFC FUNCTION. THE LACK OF SIMILAR EPIGENETIC EFFECTS OF CHRONIC MODAFINIL ADMINISTRATION SUPPORTS THIS NOTION.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
3  6108  46 THE ENRICHED ENVIRONMENT AMELIORATES CHRONIC UNPREDICTABLE MILD STRESS-INDUCED DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT BY ACTIVATING THE SIRT1/MIR-134 SIGNALING PATHWAY IN HIPPOCAMPUS. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC UNPREDICTABLE MILD STRESS (CUMS) IS AN IMPORTANT RISK FACTOR FOR DEPRESSION AND COGNITIVE DEFICITS IN HUMANS. ENRICHED ENVIRONMENT (EE) SHOWED A BENEFICIAL EFFECT ON DEPRESSION AND COGNITION BY ENHANCING BRAIN DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) EXPRESSION AND SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY. HOWEVER, IT IS STILL NOT CLEARLY UNDERSTOOD WHETHER AN EPIGENETIC MECHANISM IS INVOLVED IN THE BDNF MODULATION AND SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY THAT OCCURS AFTER EE TREATMENT FOR THE DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS AND COGNITIVE DEFICITS ELICITED BY CUMS. IN THIS STUDY, WE INVESTIGATED THE POSSIBLE MECHANISM OF THE NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF EE. METHODS: ALL RATS WERE EXPOSED TO THE 5-WEEK CUMS PROCEDURE EXCEPT THE CONTROL GROUP. AFTER CUMS PROCEDURE, SOME RATS WERE STEREOTAXICALLY INJECTED WITH SIRT1 PHARMACOLOGIC INHIBITOR EX527 OR SIRT1 KNOCKING DOWN LENTIVIRUS (SH-SIRT1) IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS FOLLOWED BY EE TREATMENT FOR 3 WEEKS. OTHER RATS WERE DIRECTLY SUBJECTED TO EE TREATMENT WITHOUT STEREOTAXIC INJECTION. BEHAVIORAL TESTS WERE USED TO APPRAISE DEPRESSION AND COGNITION AFTER EE TREATMENT. THEN EPIGENETIC MOLECULES, SYNAPTIC PROTEINS, DENDRITIC SPINE DENSITY AND BRANCHES, AND SYNAPTIC MORPHOLOGY OF THE DORSAL HIPPOCAMPUS WERE DETERMINED. RESULTS: WE FOUND THAT CUMS INDUCED DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS INCLUDING DECREASED SUCROSE PREFERENCE RATIO, PROLONGED IMMOBILITY AND REDUCED LOCOMOTOR AND EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY; COGNITIVE DEFICITS INCLUDING SPATIAL LEARNING AND MEMORY IMPAIRMENT; REDUCED DENDRITIC SPINE DENSITY AND NUMBER OF BRANCHES; THINNED POSTSYNAPTIC DENSITY; DOWNREGULATED SIRT1/MICRORNA-134 PATHWAY, DECREASED BDNF AND SYNAPTIC PROTEINS INCLUDING SYNAPTOPHYSIN (SYN) AND POSTSYNAPTIC DENSITY PROTEIN 95 (PSD95) EXPRESSION IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS. HOWEVER, THE CUMS-INDUCED DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS, COGNITIVE DEFICITS, DENDRITIC SPINE DENSITY AND BRANCH NUMBER REDUCTION, POSTSYNAPTIC DENSITY THINNING, SIRT1/MICRORNA-134 PATHWAY DOWNREGULATION, BDNF AND SYNAPTIC PROTEINS REDUCTION, INCLUDING SYNAPTOPHYSIN (SYN) AND POSTSYNAPTIC DENSITY PROTEIN 95 (PSD95), WERE REVERSED BY EE TREATMENT. HOWEVER, DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS AND COGNITIVE DEFICITS WERE OBSERVED AGAIN IN RATS SUBJECTED TO STEREOTAXIC INJECTION WITH EX527 OR SH-SIRT1. FURTHERMORE, THIS STUDY ALSO FOUND THAT SIRT1/MICRORNA-134 REGULATES THE DOWNSTREAM MOLECULES BDNF, AND THE SYNAPTIC PROTEINS SYN AND PSD95 IN PRIMARY CULTURED HIPPOCAMPAL NEURONS. CONCLUSIONS: THIS STUDY PROVIDES EVIDENCE FOR THE NEUROPROTECTIVE ROLE OF EE ON DEPRESSION AND COGNITIVE DEFICITS BY ACTIVATING THE SIRT1/MICRORNA-134 PATHWAY, WHICH ACCOUNTS FOR THE REGULATION OF SYNAPTIC PROTEINS, INCLUDING BDNF, PSD95 AND SYN, DENDRITIC REMODELING AND ULTRASTRUCTURE CHANGES OF SYNAPSES IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                      
4  1186  54 COORDINATED DYNAMIC GENE EXPRESSION CHANGES IN THE CENTRAL NUCLEUS OF THE AMYGDALA DURING ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC ALCOHOL USE CAUSES WIDESPREAD CHANGES IN THE CELLULAR BIOLOGY OF THE AMYGDALA'S CENTRAL NUCLEUS (CEA), A GABAERGIC CENTER THAT INTEGRATES AUTONOMIC PHYSIOLOGY WITH THE EMOTIONAL ASPECTS OF MOTIVATION AND LEARNING. WHILE ALCOHOL-INDUCED NEUROCHEMICAL CHANGES PLAY A ROLE IN DEPENDENCE AND DRINKING BEHAVIOR, LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT THE CEA'S DYNAMIC CHANGES DURING WITHDRAWAL, A PERIOD OF EMOTIONAL AND PHYSIOLOGIC DISTURBANCE. METHODS: WE USED A QRT-PCR PLATFORM TO MEASURE 139 TRANSCRIPTS IN 92 RAT CEA SAMPLES FROM CONTROL (N = 33), CHRONICALLY ALCOHOL EXPOSED (N = 26), AND WITHDRAWN RATS (T = 4, 8, 18, 32, AND 48 HOURS; N = 5, 10, 7, 6, 5). THIS FOCUSED TRANSCRIPT SET ALLOWED US TO IDENTIFY SIGNIFICANT DYNAMIC EXPRESSION PATTERNS DURING THE FIRST 48 HOURS OF WITHDRAWAL AND PROPOSE POTENTIAL REGULATORY MECHANISMS. RESULTS: CHRONIC ALCOHOL EXPOSURE CAUSES A LIMITED NUMBER OF SMALL MAGNITUDE EXPRESSION CHANGES. IN CONTRAST, WITHDRAWAL RESULTS IN A GREATER NUMBER OF LARGE CHANGES WITHIN 4 HOURS OF REMOVAL OF THE ALCOHOL DIET. SIXTY-FIVE OF THE 139 MEASURED TRANSCRIPTS (47%) SHOWED DIFFERENTIAL REGULATION DURING WITHDRAWAL. OVER THE 48-HOUR PERIOD, DYNAMIC CHANGES IN THE EXPRESSION OF GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID TYPE A (GABA(A) ), IONOTROPIC GLUTAMATE AND NEUROPEPTIDE SYSTEM-RELATED G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR SUBUNITS, AND THE RAS/RAF SIGNALING PATHWAY WERE SEEN AS WELL AS DOWNSTREAM TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS (TFS) AND EPIGENETIC REGULATORS. FOUR TEMPORALLY CORRELATED GENE CLUSTERS WERE IDENTIFIED WITH SHARED FUNCTIONAL ROLES INCLUDING NMDA RECEPTORS, MAPKKK AND CHEMOKINE SIGNALING CASCADES, AND MEDIATORS OF LONG-TERM POTENTIATION, AMONG OTHERS. CLUSTER PROMOTER REGIONS SHARED OVERREPRESENTED BINDING SITES FOR MULTIPLE TFS INCLUDING CEBP, USF-1, SMAD3, AP-2, AND C-ETS, SUGGESTING A POTENTIAL REGULATORY ROLE. CONCLUSIONS: DURING ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL, THE CEA EXPERIENCES RAPID CHANGES IN MRNA EXPRESSION OF THESE FUNCTIONALLY RELATED TRANSCRIPTS THAT WERE NOT PREDICTED BY MEASUREMENT DURING CHRONIC EXPOSURE. THIS STUDY PROVIDES NEW INSIGHT INTO DYNAMIC EXPRESSION CHANGES DURING ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL AND SUGGESTS NOVEL REGULATORY RELATIONSHIPS THAT POTENTIALLY IMPACT THE ASPECTS OF EMOTIONAL MODULATION.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
5  5657  38 SEX-DEPENDENT PRONOCICEPTIVE ROLE OF SPINAL ALPHA(5) -GABA(A) RECEPTOR AND ITS EPIGENETIC REGULATION IN NEUROPATHIC RODENTS. EXTRASYNAPTIC ALPHA(5) -SUBUNIT CONTAINING GABA(A) (ALPHA(5) -GABA(A) ) RECEPTORS PARTICIPATE IN CHRONIC PAIN. PREVIOUSLY, WE REPORTED A SEX DIFFERENCE IN THE ACTION OF ALPHA(5) -GABA(A) RECEPTORS IN DYSFUNCTIONAL PAIN. HOWEVER, THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS REMAIN UNKNOWN. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO EXAMINE THIS SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN NEUROPATHIC RODENTS AND THE MECHANISMS INVOLVED. FEMALE AND MALE WISTAR RATS OR ICR MICE WERE SUBJECTED TO NERVE INJURY FOLLOWED BY ALPHA(5) -GABA(A) RECEPTOR INVERSE AGONIST INTRATHECAL ADMINISTRATION, L-655,708. THE DRUG PRODUCED AN ANTIALLODYNIC EFFECT IN NERVE-INJURED FEMALE RATS AND MICE, AND A LOWER EFFECT IN MALES. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT CHANGES IN ALPHA(5) -GABA(A) RECEPTOR, PROBABLY INFLUENCED BY HORMONAL AND EPIGENETIC STATUS, MIGHT UNDERLIE THIS SEX DIFFERENCE. THUS, WE PERFORMED QPCR AND WESTERN BLOT. NERVE INJURY INCREASED ALPHA(5) -GABA(A) MRNA AND PROTEIN IN FEMALE DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA (DRG) AND DECREASED THEM IN DRG AND SPINAL CORD OF MALES. TO INVESTIGATE THE HORMONAL INFLUENCE OVER ALPHA(5) -GABA(A) RECEPTOR ACTIONS, WE PERFORMED NERVE INJURY TO OVARIECTOMIZED RATS AND RECONSTITUTED THEM WITH 17BETA-ESTRADIOL (E2). OVARIECTOMY ABROGATED L-655,708 ANTIALLODYNIC EFFECT AND E2 RESTORED IT. OVARIECTOMY DECREASED ALPHA(5) -GABA(A) RECEPTOR AND ESTROGEN RECEPTOR ALPHA PROTEIN IN DRG OF NEUROPATHIC FEMALE RATS, WHILE E2 ENHANCED THEM. SINCE DNA METHYLATION MIGHT CONTRIBUTE TO ALPHA(5) -GABA(A) RECEPTOR DOWN-REGULATION IN MALES, WE EXAMINED CPG ISLAND DNA METHYLATION OF ALPHA(5) -GABA(A) RECEPTOR CODING GENE THROUGH PYROSEQUENCING. NERVE INJURY INCREASED METHYLATION IN MALE, BUT NOT FEMALE RATS. PHARMACOLOGICAL INHIBITION OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES INCREASED ALPHA(5) -GABA(A) RECEPTOR AND ENABLED L-655,708 ANTINOCICEPTIVE EFFECT IN MALE RATS. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT ALPHA(5) -GABA(A) RECEPTOR IS A SUITABLE TARGET TO TREAT CHRONIC PAIN IN FEMALES.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
6  5779  39 SPINAL MICRORNA-134-5P TARGETS GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR IONOTROPIC KAINATE 3 TO MODULATE OPIOID INDUCED HYPERALGESIA IN MICE. BACKGROUND: FENTANYL AND ITS ANALOGS ARE EXTENSIVELY USED FOR PAIN RELIEF. HOWEVER, THEIR PARADOXICALLY PRONOCICEPTIVE EFFECTS OFTEN LEAD TO INCREASED OPIOIDS CONSUMPTION AND RISK OF CHRONIC PAIN. COMPARED TO OTHER SYNTHETIC OPIOIDS, REMIFENTANIL HAS BEEN STRONGLY LINKED TO ACUTE OPIOID HYPERALGESIA AFTER EXPOSURE [REMIFENTANIL-INDUCED HYPERALGESIA (RIH)]. THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF MICRORNAS (MIRNAS) ON TARGETED MRNAS HAS EMERGED AS AN IMPORTANT PATHOGENESIS IN PAIN. THE CURRENT RESEARCH AIMED AT EXPLORING THE SIGNIFICANCE AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF MIR-134-5P TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF RIH. METHODS: BOTH THE ANTINOCICEPTIVE AND PRONOCICEPTIVE EFFECTS OF TWO COMMONLY USED OPIOIDS WERE ASSESSED, AND MIRNA EXPRESSION PROFILES IN THE SPINAL DORSAL HORN (SDH) OF MICE ACUTELY EXPOSED TO REMIFENTANIL AND REMIFENTANIL EQUIANALGESIC DOSE (RED) SUFENTANIL WERE SCREENED. NEXT, THE CANDIDATE MIRNA LEVEL, CELLULAR DISTRIBUTION, AND FUNCTION WERE EXAMINED BY QPCR, FLUORESCENT IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION (FISH) AND ARGONAUTE-2 IMMUNOPRECIPITATION. FURTHERMORE, BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSIS, LUCIFERASE ASSAYS, MIRNA OVEREXPRESSION, BEHAVIORAL TESTS, GOLGI STAINING, ELECTRON MICROSCOPY, WHOLE-CELL PATCH-CLAMP RECORDING, AND IMMUNOBLOTTING WERE EMPLOYED TO INVESTIGATE THE POTENTIAL TARGETS AND MECHANISMS UNDERLYING RIH. RESULTS: REMIFENTANIL INDUCED SIGNIFICANT PRONOCICEPTIVE EFFECTS AND A DISTINCT MIRNA-PROFILE FROM SUFENTANIL WHEN COMPARED TO SALINE CONTROLS. AMONG TOP 30 DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED MIRNAS SPECTRUM, SPINAL MIR-134-5P WAS DRAMATICALLY DOWNREGULATED IN RIH MICE BUT REMAINED COMPARATIVE IN MICE SUBJECTED TO SUFENTANIL. MOREOVER, GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR IONOTROPIC KAINATE 3 (GRIK3) WAS A TARGET OF MIR-134-5P. THE OVEREXPRESSION OF MIR-134-5P ATTENUATED THE HYPERALGESIC PHENOTYPE, EXCESSIVE DENDRITIC SPINE REMODELING, EXCITATORY SYNAPTIC STRUCTURAL PLASTICITY, AND KAINATE RECEPTOR-MEDIATED MINIATURE EXCITATORY POSTSYNAPTIC CURRENTS (MEPSCS) IN SDH RESULTING FROM REMIFENTANIL EXPOSURE. BESIDES, INTRATHECAL INJECTION OF SELECTIVE KA-R ANTAGONIST WAS ABLE TO REVERSE THE GRIK3 MEMBRANE TRAFFICKING AND RELIEVED RIH. CONCLUSION: THE MIR-134-5P CONTRIBUTES TO REMIFENTANIL-INDUCED PRONOCICEPTIVE FEATURES VIA DIRECTLY TARGETING GRIK3 TO MODULATE DENDRITIC SPINE MORPHOLOGY AND SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY IN SPINAL NEURONS.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
7  3331  40 HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR SUBERANILOHYDROXAMIC ACID TREATMENT REVERSES HYPOSENSITIVITY TO GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID IN THE VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA DURING ETHANOL WITHDRAWAL. BACKGROUND: THE VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA (VTA) IS IMPORTANT FOR ALCOHOL-RELATED REWARD AND REINFORCEMENT. MOUSE VTA NEURONS ARE HYPOSENSITIVE TO GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID (GABA) DURING ETHANOL (ETOH) WITHDRAWAL, AND GABA RESPONSIVENESS IS NORMALIZED BY IN VITRO TREATMENT WITH HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS (HDACI). THE PRESENT STUDY EXAMINED THE EFFECT OF A SYSTEMICALLY ADMINISTERED HDACI, SUBERANILOHYDROXAMIC ACID (SAHA) ON GABA SENSITIVITY, AND RELATED MOLECULAR CHANGES IN VTA NEURONS DURING WITHDRAWAL AFTER CHRONIC ETOH INTAKE IN RATS. METHODS: SPRAGUE DAWLEY MALE ADULT RATS WERE FED WITH LIEBER-DECARLI DIET (9% ETOH OR CONTROL DIET) FOR 16 DAYS. EXPERIMENTAL GROUPS INCLUDED CONTROL DIET-FED AND ETOH DIET-FED (0- OR 24-HOUR WITHDRAWAL) RATS TREATED WITH EITHER SAHA OR VEHICLE INJECTION. SINGLE-UNIT RECORDINGS WERE USED TO MEASURE THE RESPONSE OF VTA NEURONS TO GABA. IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY WAS PERFORMED TO EXAMINE LEVELS OF HDAC2, ACETYLATED HISTONE H3 LYSINE 9 (ACH3K9), AND GABA(A) RECEPTOR ALPHA1 AND ALPHA5 SUBUNITS IN THE VTA; QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION WAS PERFORMED TO EXAMINE THE MRNA LEVELS OF HDAC2 AND GABA(A) RECEPTOR SUBUNITS. RESULTS: VTA NEURONS FROM THE WITHDRAWAL GROUP EXHIBITED GABA HYPOSENSITIVITY. IN VIVO SAHA TREATMENT 2 HOURS BEFORE SACRIFICE NORMALIZED THE SENSITIVITY OF VTA NEURONS TO GABA. ETOH WITHDRAWAL WAS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED HDAC2 AND DECREASED ACH3K9 PROTEIN LEVELS; SAHA TREATMENT NORMALIZED ACH3K9 LEVELS. INTERESTINGLY, NO SIGNIFICANT CHANGE WAS OBSERVED IN THE MRNA LEVELS OF HDAC2. THE MRNA LEVELS, BUT NOT PROTEIN LEVELS, OF GABA(A) RECEPTOR ALPHA1 AND ALPHA5 SUBUNITS WERE INCREASED DURING WITHDRAWAL. CONCLUSIONS: WITHDRAWAL FROM CHRONIC ETOH EXPOSURE RESULTS IN A DECREASE IN GABA-MEDIATED INHIBITION, AND THIS GABA HYPOSENSITIVITY IS NORMALIZED BY IN VIVO SAHA TREATMENT. DISRUPTION OF SIGNALING IN THE VTA PRODUCED BY ALTERATION OF GABA NEUROTRANSMISSION COULD BE 1 NEUROADAPTIVE PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS LEADING TO CRAVING AND RELAPSE. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT HDACI PHARMACOTHERAPY WITH AGENTS LIKE SAHA MIGHT BE AN EFFECTIVE TREATMENT FOR ALCOHOLISM.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
8  6095  50 THE EFFECTS OF SINGLE-DOSE INJECTIONS OF MODAFINIL AND METHAMPHETAMINE ON EPIGENETIC AND FUNCTIONAL MARKERS IN THE MOUSE MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX: POTENTIAL ROLE OF DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. METH USE CAUSES NEUROADAPTATIONS THAT NEGATIVELY IMPACT THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX (PFC) LEADING TO ADDICTION AND ASSOCIATED COGNITIVE DECLINE IN ANIMALS AND HUMANS. IN CONTRAST, MODAFINIL ENHANCES COGNITION BY INCREASING PFC FUNCTION. ACCUMULATED EVIDENCE INDICATES THAT PSYCHOSTIMULANT DRUGS, INCLUDING MODAFINIL AND METH, REGULATE GENE EXPRESSION VIA EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS. IN THIS STUDY, WE MEASURED THE EFFECTS OF SINGLE-DOSE INJECTIONS OF MODAFINIL AND METH ON THE PROTEIN LEVELS OF ACETYLATED HISTONE H3 (H3AC) AND H4AC, DEACETYLASES HDAC1 AND HDAC2, AND OF THE NMDA SUBUNIT GLUN1 IN THE MEDIAL PFC (MPFC) OF MICE EUTHANIZED 1 H AFTER DRUG ADMINISTRATION. TO TEST IF DOPAMINE (DA) RECEPTORS (DRS) PARTICIPATE IN THE BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF THE TWO DRUGS, WE INJECTED THE D1RS ANTAGONIST, SCH23390, OR THE D2RS ANTAGONIST, RACLOPRIDE, 30 MIN BEFORE ADMINISTRATION OF METH AND MODAFINIL. WE EVALUATED EACH DRUG EFFECT ON GLUTAMATE SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION IN D1R-EXPRESSING LAYER V PYRAMIDAL NEURONS. WE ALSO MEASURED THE ENRICHMENT OF H3AC AND H4AC AT THE PROMOTERS OF SEVERAL GENES INCLUDING DA, NE, OREXIN, HISTAMINE, AND GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS, AND THEIR MRNA EXPRESSION, SINCE THEY ARE RESPONSIVE TO CHRONIC MODAFINIL AND METH TREATMENT. ACUTE MODAFINIL AND METH INJECTIONS CAUSED SIMILAR EFFECTS ON TOTAL HISTONE ACETYLATION, INCREASING H3AC AND DECREASING H4AC, AND THEY ALSO INCREASED HDAC1, HDAC2 AND GLUN1 PROTEIN LEVELS IN THE MOUSE MPFC. IN ADDITION, THE EFFECTS OF THE DRUGS WERE PREVENTED BY PRE-TREATMENT WITH D1RS AND D2RS ANTAGONISTS. SPECIFICALLY, THE CHANGES IN H4AC, HDAC2, AND GLUN1 WERE RESPONSIVE TO SCH23390, WHEREAS THOSE OF H3AC AND GLUN1 WERE RESPONSIVE TO RACLOPRIDE. WHOLE-CELL PATCH CLAMP IN TRANSGENIC BAC-DRD1A-TDTOMATO MICE SHOWED THAT METH, BUT NOT MODAFINIL, INDUCED PAIRED-PULSE FACILITATION OF EPSCS, SUGGESTING REDUCED PRESYNAPTIC PROBABILITY OF GLUTAMATE RELEASE ONTO LAYER V PYRAMIDAL NEURONS. ANALYSIS OF HISTONE 3/4 ENRICHMENT AT SPECIFIC PROMOTERS REVEALED: I) DISTINCT EFFECTS OF THE DRUGS ON HISTONE 3 ACETYLATION, WITH MODAFINIL INCREASING H3AC AT DRD1 AND ADRA1B PROMOTERS, BUT METH INCREASING H3AC AT ADRA1A; II) DISTINCT EFFECTS ON HISTONE 4 ACETYLATION ENRICHMENT, WITH MODAFINIL INCREASING H4AC AT THE DRD2 PROMOTER AND DECREASING IT AT HRH1, BUT METH INCREASING H4AC AT DRD1; III) COMPARABLE EFFECTS OF BOTH PSYCHOSTIMULANTS, INCREASING H3AC AT DRD2, HCRTR1, AND HRH1 PROMOTERS, DECREASING H3AC AT HRH3, INCREASING H4AC AT HCRTR1, AND DECREASING H4AC AT HCRTR2, HRH3, AND GRIN1 PROMOTERS. INTERESTINGLY, ONLY METH ALTERED MRNA LEVELS OF GENES WITH ALTERED HISTONE ACETYLATION STATUS, INDUCING INCREASED EXPRESSION OF DRD1A, ADRA1A, HCRTR1, AND HRH1, AND DECREASING GRIN1. OUR STUDY SUGGESTS THAT ALTHOUGH ACUTE METH AND MODAFINIL CAN BOTH INCREASE DA NEUROTRANSMISSION IN THE MPFC, THERE ARE SIMILAR AND CONTRASTING EPIGENETIC AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL CONSEQUENCES THAT MAY ACCOUNT FOR THEIR DIVERGENT CLINICAL EFFECTS.	2019	

9  5651  36 SEX DIFFERENCES IN THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF CHRONIC VISCERAL PAIN FOLLOWING UNPREDICTABLE EARLY LIFE STRESS. BACKGROUND: WE PREVIOUSLY REPORTED THAT EARLY LIFE STRESS (ELS) DYSREGULATED GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR (GR) AND CORTICOTROPHIN-RELEASING HORMONE (CRH) EXPRESSION IN THE CENTRAL NUCLEUS OF THE AMYGDALA (CEA). EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS SERVE AS MEMORIES OF ADVERSE EVENTS THAT OCCURRED DURING EARLY LIFE. THEREFORE, WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS ALTER GR AND CRH EXPRESSION IN THE CEA AND UNDERLIE CHRONIC VISCERAL PAIN AFTER ELS. METHODS: NEONATAL RATS WERE EXPOSED TO UNPREDICTABLE, PREDICTABLE ELS, OR ODOR ONLY (NO STRESS CONTROL) FROM POSTNATAL DAYS 8 TO 12. IN ADULTHOOD, VISCERAL SENSITIVITY WAS ASSESSED OR THE CEA WAS ISOLATED FOR WESTERN BLOT OR CHIP-QPCR TO STUDY HISTONE MODIFICATIONS AT THE GR AND CRH PROMOTERS. FEMALE ADULT RATS UNDERWENT STEREOTAXIC IMPLANTATION OF INDWELLING CANNULAS FOR MICROINJECTIONS OF GARCINOL (HAT INHIBITOR) INTO THE CEA. AFTER 7 DAYS OF MICROINJECTIONS, VISCERAL SENSITIVITY WAS ASSESSED OR THE CEA WAS ISOLATED FOR CHIP-QPCR ASSAYS. RESULTS: UNPREDICTABLE ELS INCREASED VISCERAL SENSITIVITY IN ADULT FEMALE RATS, BUT NOT IN MALE COUNTERPARTS. ELS INCREASED HISTONE 3 LYSINE 9 (H3K9) ACETYLATION IN THE CEA AND H3K9 ACETYLATION LEVELS AT THE GR PROMOTER IN THE CEA OF ADULT FEMALE RATS. AFTER UNPREDICTABLE ELS, H3K9 ACETYLATION WAS INCREASED AND GR BINDING WAS DECREASED AT THE CRH PROMOTER. ADMINISTRATION OF GARCINOL IN THE CEA OF ADULT FEMALES, THAT UNDERWENT UNPREDICTABLE ELS, NORMALIZED H3K9 ACETYLATION AND RESTORED GR BINDING AT THE CRH PROMOTER. CONCLUSION: DYSREGULATED HISTONE ACETYLATION AND GR BINDING AT THE CRH PROMOTER IN THE CEA ARE AN IMPORTANT MECHANISM FOR "MEMORIZING" ELS EVENTS MEDIATING VISCERAL PAIN IN ADULTHOOD.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
10   893  49 CHRONIC ETHANOL EXPOSURE AND WITHDRAWAL IMPAIR SYNAPTIC GABA(A) RECEPTOR-MEDIATED NEUROTRANSMISSION IN DEEP-LAYER PREFRONTAL CORTEX. BACKGROUND: THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX (PFC) ACTS AS AN INTEGRATIVE HUB FOR THE PROCESSING OF CORTICAL AND SUBCORTICAL INPUT INTO MEANINGFUL EFFERENT SIGNALING, PERMITTING COMPLEX ASSOCIATIVE BEHAVIORS. PFC DYSFUNCTION IS CONSISTENTLY OBSERVED WITH ETHANOL (ETOH) DEPENDENCE AND IS A CORE COMPONENT OF THE PATHOLOGY OF ALCOHOL USE DISORDERS IN CURRENT MODELS OF ADDICTION. WHILE INTRACORTICAL GAMMA-AMINOBUTRYRIC ACID (GABA)ERGIC NEUROTRANSMISSION IS UNDERSTOOD TO BE ESSENTIAL FOR MAINTAINING COORDINATED NETWORK ACTIVITY WITHIN THE CORTEX, RELATIVELY LITTLE IS KNOWN REGARDING FUNCTIONAL GABAERGIC ADAPTATIONS IN PFC DURING ETOH DEPENDENCE. METHODS: IN THE PRESENT STUDY, MALE AND FEMALE (> POSTNATAL DAY 60) SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS WERE ADMINISTERED ETOH (5.0 G/KG; INTRAGASTRIC GAVAGE) FOR 14 TO 15 CONSECUTIVE DAYS. TWENTY-FOUR HOURS AFTER THE FINAL ADMINISTRATION, ANIMALS WERE SACRIFICED AND BRAINS EXTRACTED FOR ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL RECORDINGS OF ISOLATED GABA(A) RECEPTOR-MEDIATED CURRENTS OR ANALYSIS OF GABA(A) RECEPTOR SUBUNIT PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN DEEP-LAYER PFC NEURONS. RESULTS: CHRONIC ETOH EXPOSURE SIGNIFICANTLY ATTENUATED ACTIVITY-DEPENDENT SPONTANEOUS GABA(A) RECEPTOR-MEDIATED INHIBITORY POSTSYNAPTIC CURRENT (IPSC) FREQUENCY WITH NO EFFECT ON AMPLITUDE. FURTHERMORE, ANALYSIS OF IPSC DECAY KINETICS REVEALED A SIGNIFICANT ENHANCEMENT OF IPSC DECAY TIME THAT WAS ASSOCIATED WITH DECREMENTS IN EXPRESSION OF THE ALPHA1 GABA(A) RECEPTOR SUBUNIT, INDICATIVE OF FURTHER IMPAIRED PHASIC INHIBITION. THESE PHENOMENA OCCURRED IRRESPECTIVE OF NEURON PROJECTION DESTINATION AND SEX. BASED ON PREVIOUS OBSERVATIONS BY OUR LABORATORY OF AN EPIGENETIC MECHANISM FOR ETOH-INDUCED CHANGES IN CORTICAL GABA(A) RECEPTOR SUBUNIT EXPRESSION, THE HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR TRICHOSTATIN A WAS ADMINISTERED TO WATER- AND ETOH-EXPOSED ANIMALS, AND PREVENTED ETOH-INDUCED CHANGES IN SPONTANEOUS IPSC FREQUENCY, IPSC DECAY KINETICS, AND GABA(A) RECEPTOR SUBUNIT EXPRESSION. CONCLUSIONS: TAKEN TOGETHER, THESE RESULTS DEMONSTRATE THAT CHRONIC ETOH EXPOSURE IMPAIRS SYNAPTIC INHIBITORY NEUROTRANSMISSION IN DEEP-LAYER PYRAMIDAL NEURONS OF THE MEDIAL PFC IN BOTH MALE AND FEMALE RATS. THESE MALADAPTATIONS OCCUR IN NEURONS PROJECTING TO NUMEROUS REGIONS IMPLICATED IN THE SEQUELAE OF ETOH DEPENDENCE, OFFERING A MECHANISTIC LINK BETWEEN THE MANIFESTATION OF PFC DYSFUNCTION AND NEGATIVE AFFECTIVE STATES OBSERVED WITH EXTENDED CONSUMPTION.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
11  1009  46 CHRONIC VOLUNTARY ETHANOL DRINKING IN CYNOMOLGUS MACAQUES ELICITS GENE EXPRESSION CHANGES IN PREFRONTAL CORTICAL AREA 46. BACKGROUND: GENOME-WIDE PROFILING TO EXAMINE BRAIN TRANSCRIPTIONAL FEATURES ASSOCIATED WITH EXCESSIVE ETHANOL (ETOH) CONSUMPTION HAS BEEN APPLIED TO A VARIETY OF SPECIES INCLUDING RODENTS, NONHUMAN PRIMATES (NHPS), AND HUMANS. HOWEVER, THESE DATA WERE OBTAINED FROM CROSS-SECTIONAL SAMPLES WHICH ARE PARTICULARLY VULNERABLE TO INDIVIDUAL VARIATION WHEN OBTAINED FROM SMALL OUTBRED POPULATIONS TYPICAL OF HUMAN AND NHP STUDIES. IN THE CURRENT STUDY, A NOVEL WITHIN-SUBJECT DESIGN WAS USED TO EXAMINE THE EFFECTS OF VOLUNTARY ETOH CONSUMPTION ON PREFRONTAL CORTEX (PFC) GENE EXPRESSION IN A NHP MODEL. METHODS: TWO COHORTS OF CYNOMOLGUS MACAQUES (N = 23) UNDERWENT A SCHEDULE-INDUCED POLYDIPSIA PROCEDURE TO ESTABLISH ETOH SELF-ADMINISTRATION FOLLOWED BY 6 MONTHS OF DAILY OPEN ACCESS TO ETOH (4% W/V) AND WATER. INDIVIDUAL DAILY ETOH INTAKES RANGED FROM AN AVERAGE OF 0.7 TO 3.7 G/KG/D. DORSAL LATERAL PFC AREA 46 (A46) BRAIN BIOPSIES WERE COLLECTED IN ETOH-NAIVE AND CONTROL MONKEYS; CONTRALATERAL A46 BIOPSIES WERE COLLECTED FROM THE SAME MONKEYS FOLLOWING THE 6 MONTHS OF FLUID CONSUMPTION. GENE EXPRESSION CHANGES WERE ASSESSED USING RNA-SEQ PAIRED ANALYSIS, WHICH ALLOWED FOR CORRECTION OF INDIVIDUAL BASELINE DIFFERENCES IN GENE EXPRESSION. RESULTS: A TOTAL OF 675 GENES WERE SIGNIFICANTLY DOWN-REGULATED FOLLOWING ETOH CONSUMPTION; THESE WERE FUNCTIONALLY ENRICHED FOR IMMUNE RESPONSE, CELL ADHESION, PLASMA MEMBRANE, AND EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX. A TOTAL OF 567 GENES THAT WERE UP-REGULATED FOLLOWING ETOH CONSUMPTION WERE ENRICHED IN MICRORNA TARGET SITES AND INCLUDED TARGET SITES ASSOCIATED WITH TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR PATHWAYS. THE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES WERE ALSO SIGNIFICANTLY ENRICHED IN TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR BINDING SITES. CONCLUSIONS: THE DATA PRESENTED HERE ARE THE FIRST TO USE A LONGITUDINAL BIOPSY STRATEGY TO EXAMINE HOW CHRONIC ETOH CONSUMPTION AFFECTS GENE EXPRESSION IN THE PRIMATE PFC. PROMINENT EFFECTS WERE SEEN IN BOTH CELL ADHESION AND NEUROIMMUNE PATHWAYS; THE LATTER CONTAINED BOTH PRO- AND ANTIINFLAMMATORY GENES. THE DATA ALSO INDICATE THAT CHANGES IN MIRNAS AND TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS MAY BE IMPORTANT EPIGENETIC REGULATORS OF ETOH CONSUMPTION.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
12  6418  47 THE TEMPORAL EXPRESSION OF CIRCULATING MICRORNAS AFTER ACUTE EXPERIMENTAL PAIN IN HUMANS. BACKGROUND: MICRORNAS (MIRNAS) CAN MODULATE SEVERAL BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS, INCLUDING THE PAIN SYSTEM. THIS STUDY AIMED TO EVALUATE THE TEMPORAL EXPRESSION OF CIRCULATING MIRNAS IN THE PLASMA OF HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS AS A MARKER FOR EPIGENETIC CHANGES BEFORE AND AFTER AN ACUTE, EXPERIMENTAL, PAIN PROVOCATION BY INTRAMUSCULAR HYPERTONIC SALINE INJECTION. METHODS: TWENTY VOLUNTEERS WERE RANDOMLY ALLOCATED INTO TWO GROUPS AND RECEIVED EITHER HYPERTONIC (PAIN) OR ISOTONIC (CONTROL) SALINE INJECTION IN THE FIRST DORSAL INTEROSSEOUS MUSCLE OF THEIR DOMINANT HAND. PAIN INTENSITY WAS CONTINUOUSLY RECORDED FOR 20 MINUTES AFTER INJECTION ON A VAS SCALE FROM 0 TO 100 (0 INDICATES NO PAIN AND 100 THE WORST IMAGINABLE PAIN). BLOOD SAMPLES WERE TAKEN AT BASELINE, 30 MINUTES, 3 HOURS, AND 24 HOURS POST-INJECTION, AND PLASMA WAS SEPARATED. MIRNA EXTRACTS WERE USED FOR RNA SEQUENCING WITH THE ILLUMINA NEXTSEQ PLATFORM. MIRNA TRANSCRIPTS WERE COMPARED BETWEEN THE PAIN AND THE NO-PAIN, CONTROL GROUP AT EVERY TIME POINT. SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES WERE CONSIDERED WHEN FOLDS WERE >2 AND THE FALSE DISCOVERY RATE WAS P < 0.05. RESULTS: AFTER 30 MINUTES, 4 MIRNAS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY ALTERED IN THE PAIN GROUP COMPARED TO CONTROLS, WHICH INCREASED TO 24 AFTER 3 HOURS AND TO 42 AFTER 24 HOURS FROM BASELINE (P < 0.0001). TWO MIRNAS WERE CONSISTENTLY UPREGULATED THROUGHOUT THE EXPERIMENT. ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS SHOWED SIGNIFICANT MIRNAS INVOLVED IN BRAIN PERCEPTION OF PAIN, BRAIN SIGNALLING AND RESPONSE TO STIMULI. CONCLUSIONS: THIS EXPLORATORY STUDY IS THE FIRST TO REPORT ON THE TEMPORAL EXPRESSION OF CIRCULATING MIRNAS AFTER AN ACUTE, HUMAN EXPERIMENTAL MUSCLE PAIN MODEL. SIGNIFICANCE: THIS EXPLORATORY STUDY EVALUATED THE TEMPORAL PROFILE OF CIRCULATING MIRNAS IN THE PLASMA OF HEALTHY SUBJECTS AFTER ACUTE EXPERIMENTAL PAIN. SEVERAL MIRNAS WERE ALTERED IN SUBJECTS AT THE TIMES OF FOLLOW-UP AFTER THE ACUTE PAIN MODEL WHEN COMPARED TO CONTROLS. MIRNAS PREVIOUSLY ASSOCIATED WITH PAIN PROCESSES WERE ALTERED IN THE PAIN GROUP. OUR RESULTS, BY SHOWING THE FAST AND PROLONGED MODIFICATIONS OF MIRNA ELICITED BY THE ACUTE EXPERIMENTAL PAIN MODEL, ADD NEW PERSPECTIVES TO THE TOPIC OF EPIGENETICS AND PAIN.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
13  4212  32 METHAMPHETAMINE DOWNREGULATES STRIATAL GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS VIA DIVERSE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC METHAMPHETAMINE (METH) EXPOSURE CAUSES NEUROADAPTATIONS AT GLUTAMATERGIC SYNAPSES. METHODS: TO IDENTIFY THE METH-INDUCED EPIGENETIC UNDERPINNINGS OF THESE NEUROADAPTATIONS, WE INJECTED INCREASING METH DOSES TO RATS FOR 2 WEEKS AND MEASURED STRIATAL GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR EXPRESSION. WE THEN QUANTIFIED THE EFFECTS OF METH EXPOSURE ON HISTONE ACETYLATION. WE ALSO MEASURED METH-INDUCED CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION AND DNA HYDROXYMETHYLATION. RESULTS: CHRONIC METH DECREASED TRANSCRIPT AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION OF GLUA1 AND GLUA2 ALPHA-AMINO-3-HYDROXY-5-METHYL-4-ISOXAZOLE PROPIONIC ACID RECEPTOR (AMPAR) AND GLUN1 N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE RECEPTOR SUBUNITS. THESE CHANGES WERE ASSOCIATED WITH ALTERED ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL GLUTAMATERGIC RESPONSES IN STRIATAL NEURONS. CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION-POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION REVEALED THAT METH DECREASED ENRICHMENT OF ACETYLATED HISTONE H4 ON GLUA1, GLUA2, AND GLUN1 PROMOTERS. METHAMPHETAMINE EXPOSURE ALSO INCREASED REPRESSOR ELEMENT-1 SILENCING TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR (REST) COREPRESSOR 1, METHYLATED CPG BINDING PROTEIN 2, AND HISTONE DEACETYLASE 2 ENRICHMENT, BUT NOT OF SIRTUIN 1 OR SIRTUIN 2, ONTO GLUA1 AND GLUA2 GENE SEQUENCES. MOREOVER, METH CAUSED INTERACTIONS OF REST COREPRESSOR 1 AND METHYLATED CPG BINDING PROTEIN 2 WITH HISTONE DEACETYLASE 2 AND OF REST WITH HISTONE DEACETYLASE 1. SURPRISINGLY, METHYLATED DNA IMMUNOPRECIPITATION AND HYDROXYMETHYLATED DNA IMMUNOPRECIPITATION-POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION REVEALED METH-INDUCED DECREASED ENRICHMENT OF 5-METHYLCYTOSINE AND 5-HYDROXYMETHYLCYTOSINE AT GLUA1 AND GLUA2 PROMOTER SEQUENCES. IMPORTANTLY, THE HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR, VALPROIC ACID, BLOCKED METH-INDUCED DECREASED EXPRESSION OF AMPAR AND N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE RECEPTOR SUBUNITS. FINALLY, VALPROIC ACID ALSO ATTENUATED METH-INDUCED DECREASE H4K16AC RECRUITMENT ON AMPAR GENE SEQUENCES. CONCLUSIONS: THESE OBSERVATIONS SUGGEST THAT HISTONE H4 HYPOACETYLATION MAY BE THE MAIN DETERMINANT OF METH-INDUCED DECREASED STRIATAL GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR EXPRESSION.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
14   219  40 ACUTE IMMOBILIZATION STRESS FOLLOWING CONTEXTUAL FEAR CONDITIONING REDUCES FEAR MEMORY: TIMING IS ESSENTIAL. BACKGROUND: HISTONE ACETYLATION IS REGULATED IN RESPONSE TO STRESS AND PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN LEARNING AND MEMORY. CHRONIC STRESS IS KNOWN TO DETERIORATE COGNITION, WHEREAS ACUTE STRESS FACILITATES MEMORY FORMATION. HOWEVER, WHETHER ACUTE STRESS FACILITATES MEMORY FORMATION WHEN IT IS APPLIED AFTER FEAR STIMULATION IS NOT YET KNOWN. THEREFORE, THIS STUDY AIMED TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECT OF ACUTE STRESS APPLIED AFTER FEAR TRAINING ON MEMORY FORMATION, MRNA EXPRESSION OF BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF), EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF BDNF EXPRESSION, AND CORTICOSTERONE LEVEL IN MICE IN VIVO. METHODS: MICE WERE SUBJECTED TO ACUTE IMMOBILIZATION STRESS FOR 30 MIN AT 60 OR 90 MIN AFTER CONTEXTUAL FEAR CONDITIONING TRAINING, AND ACETYLATION OF HISTONE 3 AT LYSINE 14 (H3K14) AND LEVEL OF CORTICOSTERONE WERE MEASURED USING WESTERN BLOT ANALYSIS AND ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY (ELISA), RESPECTIVELY. A FREEZING BEHAVIOR TEST WAS PERFORMED 24 H AFTER TRAINING, AND MRNA EXPRESSION OF BDNF WAS MEASURED USING REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTIONS. DIFFERENT GROUPS OF MICE WERE USED FOR EACH TEST. RESULTS: FREEZING BEHAVIOR SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED WITH THE DOWN-REGULATION OF BDNF MRNA EXPRESSION CAUSED BY ACUTE IMMOBILIZATION STRESS AT 60 MIN AFTER FEAR CONDITIONING TRAINING OWING TO THE REDUCTION OF H3K14 ACETYLATION. HOWEVER, BDNF MRNA EXPRESSION AND H3K14 ACETYLATION WERE NOT REDUCED IN ANIMALS SUBJECTED TO IMMOBILIZATION STRESS AT 90 MIN AFTER THE TRAINING. FURTHER, THE CORTICOSTERONE LEVEL WAS SIGNIFICANTLY HIGH IN MICE SUBJECTED TO IMMOBILIZATION STRESS AT 60 MIN AFTER THE TRAINING. CONCLUSION: ACUTE IMMOBILIZATION STRESS FOR 30 MIN AT 60 MIN AFTER FEAR CONDITIONING TRAINING IMPAIRED MEMORY FORMATION AND REDUCED BDNF MRNA EXPRESSION AND H3K14 ACETYLATION IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS OF MICE OWING TO THE HIGH LEVEL OF CORTICOSTERONE.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
15  4397  48 MODULATION OF DNA METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION IN RODENT CORTICAL NEUROPLASTICITY PATHWAYS EXERTS RAPID ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE EFFECTS. BACKGROUND: STRESS INCREASES DNA METHYLATION, PRIMARILY A SUPPRESSIVE EPIGENETIC MECHANISM CATALYZED BY DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES (DNMT), AND DECREASES THE EXPRESSION OF GENES INVOLVED IN NEURONAL PLASTICITY AND MOOD REGULATION. DESPITE CHRONIC ANTIDEPRESSANT TREATMENT DECREASES STRESS-INDUCED DNA METHYLATION, IT IS NOT KNOWN WHETHER INHIBITION OF DNMT WOULD CONVEY RAPID ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE EFFECTS. AIM: THIS WORK TESTED SUCH A HYPOTHESIS AND EVALUATED WHETHER A BEHAVIORAL EFFECT INDUCED BY DNMT INHIBITORS (DNMTI) CORRESPONDS WITH CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION AND TRANSCRIPT LEVELS IN GENES CONSISTENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF DEPRESSION AND SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY (BDNF, TRKB, 5-HT(1A), NMDA, AND AMPA). METHODS: MALE WISTAR RATS RECEIVED INTRAPERITONEAL (I.P.) INJECTION OF TWO PHARMACOLOGICALLY DIFFERENT DNMTI (5-AZAD 0.2 AND 0.6 MG/KG OR RG108 0.6 MG/KG) OR VEHICLE (1 ML/KG), 1 H OR 7 DAYS BEFORE THE LEARNED HELPLESSNESS TEST (LH). DNA METHYLATION IN TARGET GENES AND THE CORRESPONDENT TRANSCRIPT LEVELS WERE MEASURED IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS (HPC) AND PREFRONTAL CORTEX (PFC) USING MEDIP-QPCR. IN PARALLEL SEPARATE GROUPS, THE ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE EFFECT OF 5-AZAD AND RG108 WAS INVESTIGATED IN THE FORCED SWIMMING TEST (FST). THE INVOLVEMENT OF CORTICAL BDNF-TRKB-MTOR PATHWAYS WAS ASSESSED BY INTRA-VENTRAL MEDIAL PFC (VMPFC) INJECTIONS OF RAPAMYCIN (MTOR INHIBITOR), K252A (TRKB RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST), OR VEHICLE (0.2 MUL/SIDE). RESULTS: WE FOUND THAT BOTH 5-AZAD AND RG108 ACUTELY AND 7 DAYS BEFORE THE TEST DECREASED ESCAPE FAILURES IN THE LH. LH STRESS INCREASED DNA METHYLATION AND DECREASED TRANSCRIPT LEVELS OF BDNF IV AND TRKB IN THE PFC, EFFECTS THAT WERE NOT SIGNIFICANTLY ATTENUATED BY RG108 TREATMENT. THE SYSTEMIC ADMINISTRATION OF 5-AZAD (0.2 MG/KG) AND RG108 (0.2 MG/KG) INDUCED AN ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE EFFECT IN FST, WHICH WAS, HOWEVER, ATTENUATED BY TRKB AND MTOR INHIBITION INTO THE VMPFC. CONCLUSION: THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT ACUTE INHIBITION OF STRESS-INDUCED DNA METHYLATION PROMOTES RAPID AND SUSTAINED ANTIDEPRESSANT EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED BDNF-TRKB-MTOR SIGNALING IN THE PFC.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
16  3179  36 HAIR CORTISOL AS A HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS BIOMARKER IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ASTHMA: A RETROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY. BACKGROUND: CORTISOL IS A HORMONE INVOLVED IN MANY PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS INCLUDING FETAL MATURATION AND EPIGENETIC PROGRAMMING DURING PREGNANCY. THIS STUDY AIMED TO USE HAIR CORTISOL AS A BIOMARKER OF CHRONIC INHALED CORTICOSTEROID (ICS) EXPOSURE AND ASSESS THE POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF ASTHMA ON THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL (HPA) AXIS IN PREGNANT WOMEN. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ASTHMA TREATED WITH ICS WOULD EXHIBIT LOWER HAIR CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS, INDICATIVE OF ADRENAL SUPPRESSION, COMPARED TO WOMEN WITH ASTHMA NOT USING ICS AND WOMEN WHO DO NOT HAVE ASTHMA. METHODS: WE PERFORMED AN OBSERVATIONAL RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY. HAIR SAMPLES WERE ANALYZED FROM PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ASTHMA, WITH (N = 56) AND WITHOUT (N = 31) ICS TREATMENT, AND PREGNANT WOMEN WITHOUT ASTHMA (N = 31). HAIR SAMPLES WERE SEGMENTED BASED ON THE GROWTH RATE OF 1 CM/MONTH AND ANALYZED BY ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY TO PROVIDE CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS CORRESPONDING TO PRECONCEPTION, TRIMESTERS 1-3, AND POSTPARTUM. HAIR CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS WERE COMPARED WITHIN AND AMONG THE GROUPS USING NON-PARAMETRIC STATISTICAL TESTS. RESULTS: HAIR CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS INCREASED ACROSS TRIMESTERS FOR ALL THREE GROUPS, BUT THIS INCREASE WAS DAMPENED IN WOMEN WITH ASTHMA (P = 0.03 FOR CONTROLS VS. ICS TREATED AND CONTROLS VS. NO ICS). ICS TREATED WOMEN TAKING MORE THAN FIVE DOSES PER WEEK HAD HAIR CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS 47 % LOWER IN THIRD TRIMESTER THAN CONTROLS. LINEAR REGRESSION OF THE THIRD TRIMESTER HAIR CORTISOL RESULTS IDENTIFIED ASTHMA AS A SIGNIFICANT FACTOR WHEN COMPARING CONSISTENT ICS USE OR ASTHMA AS THE PREDICTOR (F(1, 25) = 9.7, P = 0.005, R(2) ADJ = 0.257). CONCLUSIONS: HAIR CORTISOL SUCCESSFULLY SHOWED THE EXPECTED CHANGE IN CORTISOL OVER THE COURSE OF PREGNANCY AND MAY BE A USEFUL BIOMARKER OF HPA AXIS FUNCTION IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ASTHMA. THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF DECREASED MATERNAL CORTISOL IN WOMEN WITH ASTHMA ON PERINATAL OUTCOMES REMAINS TO BE DETERMINED.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
17  4581  27 N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE 2B RECEPTOR SUBTYPE (NR2B) PROMOTER METHYLATION IN PATIENTS DURING ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL. NMDA RECEPTORS AND ESPECIALLY THE NR2B RECEPTOR SUBTYPE PLAY A CRUCIAL ROLE DURING CHRONIC ETHANOL CONSUMPTION AND ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL. THEREFORE, THE NR2B RECEPTOR SUBTYPE EXPRESSION IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELLS OF 32 MALE PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM ALCOHOL DEPENDENCY WERE ASSESSED THROUGH QUANTITATIVE RT-PCR AND TO EXPLORE REGULATING EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS, A METHYLATION ANALYSIS WAS CONDUCTED USING BISULFITE SEQUENCING OF A FRAGMENT OF THE NR2B PROMOTER REGION. THE EXPRESSION OF THE NR2B RECEPTOR INCREASED SIGNIFICANTLY DURING THE FIRST 24 H OF WITHDRAWAL TREATMENT (DAY 1; T = 4.1, P = 0.001), AND ALSO ON AND DAY 3 (T = 2.4; P = 0.029). THE SEVERITY OF ALCOHOL DRINKING PATTERN, MEASURED BY LIFETIME DRINKING AND DAILY ETHANOL INTAKE, WAS NEGATIVELY CORRELATED WITH THE METHYLATION OF A DEFINED CLUSTER OF FIVE CPG-SITES WITHIN THE NR2B PROMOTER (LIFETIME DRINKING: SPEARMAN'S RHO = -0.55; P = 0.013; DAILY ETHANOL INTAKE: RHO = -0.46; P = 0.043). THESE FINDINGS MIGHT EXPLAIN THE OBSERVATION OF AN IMPACT OF ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION PATTERNS ON THE GRAVITY OF WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS.	2009	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
18  4579  31 N(6)-METHYLADENOSINE METHYLASE METTL3 CONTRIBUTES TO NEUROPATHIC PAIN BY EPIGENETIC SILENCING OF MU OPIOID RECEPTOR. WE AIMED AT EXPLORING THE ROLE AND MECHANISM OF METTL3-MEDIATED M(6)A MODIFICATION IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN. MALE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS WERE RANDOMLY DIVIDED INTO FOUR GROUPS: SHAM OPERATION GROUP (SHAM GROUP), CHRONIC CONSTRICTION INJURY (CCI) OF THE SCIATIC NERVE MODEL GROUP (NPP GROUP), INTRATHECAL INJECTION OF VIRUS DOWN-REGULATED METTL3 + CCI MODEL GROUP (M3 + NPP GROUP) AND INTRATHECAL INJECTION OF NEGATIVE CONTROL VIRUS + CCI MODEL GROUP (SCR + NPP GROUP). THE M3 + NPP GROUP AND THE SCR + NPP GROUP WERE INTRATHECALLY INJECTED WITH VIRUS NINETEEN DAYS BEFORE OPERATION. THE PAW WITHDRAWAL MECHANICAL THRESHOLDS AND PAW WITHDRAWAL LATENCY WERE RESPECTIVELY RECORDED ONE DAY BEFORE OPERATION, THREE DAYS, FIVE DAYS AND SEVEN DAYS AFTER OPERATION. THE RATS WERE SACRIFICED ON THE SEVENTH DAY AFTER OPERATION, AND THEIR SPINAL CORD TISSUES WERE TAKEN. THE FROZEN SECTIONS OF RATS WERE PERFORMED TO OBSERVE THE EXPRESSION OF GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN OF THE VIRUS. THE METHYLATION LEVEL OF RNA, THE PROTEIN EXPRESSION OF M(6)A-RELATED ENZYME (METTL3) AND MU OPIOID RECEPTOR (MOR) IN SPINAL CORD TISSUES OF THE FOUR GROUPS WERE MEASURED. DOWNREGULATION OF METTL3 HAD NO EFFECT ON THE OVERALL METHYLATION LEVEL OF THE SPINAL CORD, BUT IT COULD REGULATE THE METHYLATION LEVEL OF THE OPRM1 GENE RNA ENCODING MOR, PARTIALLY RESTORE THE EXPRESSION OF MOR, AND RELIEVE PAIN IN RATS. IN THE PROCESS OF NPP, METTL3 MAY INHIBIT THE EXPRESSION OF MOR BY REGULATING THE METHYLATION LEVEL OF OPRM1 GENE RNA ENCODING MOR, AND ULTIMATELY PROMOTE THE OCCURRENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF NPP.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
19  4699  38 NFATC2-DEPENDENT EPIGENETIC UPREGULATION OF CXCL14 IS INVOLVED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN INDUCED BY PACLITAXEL. BACKGROUND: THE MAJOR DOSE-LIMITING TOXICITY OF PACLITAXEL, ONE OF THE MOST COMMONLY USED DRUGS TO TREAT SOLID TUMOR, IS PAINFUL NEUROPATHY. HOWEVER, THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS UNDERLYING PACLITAXEL-INDUCED PAINFUL NEUROPATHY ARE LARGELY UNCLARIFIED. METHODS: PAW WITHDRAWAL THRESHOLD WAS MEASURED IN THE RATS FOLLOWING INTRAPERITONEAL INJECTION OF PACLITAXEL. THE QPCR, WESTERN BLOTTING, PROTEIN OR CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION, CHIP-SEQ IDENTIFICATION OF NFATC2 BINDING SITES, AND MICROARRAY ANALYSIS WERE PERFORMED TO EXPLORE THE MOLECULAR MECHANISM. RESULTS: WE FOUND THAT PACLITAXEL TREATMENT INCREASED THE NUCLEAR EXPRESSION OF NFATC2 IN THE SPINAL DORSAL HORN, AND KNOCKDOWN OF NFATC2 WITH NFATC2 SIRNA SIGNIFICANTLY ATTENUATED THE MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA INDUCED BY PACLITAXEL. FURTHER BINDING SITE ANALYSIS UTILIZING CHIP-SEQ ASSAY COMBINING WITH GENE EXPRESSION PROFILE REVEALED A SHIFT OF NFATC2 BINDING SITE CLOSER TO TTS OF TARGET GENES IN DORSAL HORN AFTER PACLITAXEL TREATMENT. WE FURTHER FOUND THAT NFATC2 OCCUPANCY MAY DIRECTLY UPREGULATE THE CHEMOKINE CXCL14 EXPRESSION IN DORSAL HORN, WHICH WAS MEDIATED BY ENHANCED INTERACTION BETWEEN NFATC2 AND P300 AND CONSEQUENTLY INCREASED ACETYLATION OF HISTONE H4 IN CXCL14 PROMOTER REGION. ALSO, KNOCKDOWN OF CXCL14 IN DORSAL HORN SIGNIFICANTLY ATTENUATED MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA INDUCED BY PACLITAXEL. CONCLUSION: THESE RESULTS SUGGESTED THAT ENHANCED INTERACTION BETWEEN P300 AND NFATC2 MEDIATED THE EPIGENETIC UPREGULATION OF CXCL14 IN THE SPINAL DORSAL HORN, WHICH CONTRIBUTED TO THE CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC PACLITAXEL-INDUCED CHRONIC PAIN.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
20  1800  29 EFFECT OF HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR ON ETHANOL WITHDRAWAL-INDUCED HYPERALGESIA IN RATS. BACKGROUND: INCREASED PAIN SENSITIVITY IS OBSERVED FOLLOWING ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL, AND ATTEMPTS TO ALLEVIATE THIS HYPERALGESIA CAN CONTRIBUTE TO THE CYCLE OF ADDICTION. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE IF ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL-INDUCED HYPERALGESIA WAS OBSERVED IN A CHRONIC ETHANOL EXPOSURE MODEL AND IF THIS PAIN WAS AFFECTED BY HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS, THUS REVEALING AN EPIGENETIC MECHANISM. METHODS: ADULT MALE SPRAGUE DAWLEY RATS RECEIVED LIEBER-DECARLI LIQUID CONTROL OR ETHANOL (9% V/V) DIET FOR 15 DAYS. MECHANICAL SENSITIVITY WAS MEASURED WITH VON FREY HAIR STIMULATION OF THE HINDPAW DURING ETHANOL ADMINISTRATION AND 24- AND 72-HOUR WITHDRAWAL. RESULTS: ETHANOL WITHDRAWAL PRODUCED SEVERE AND SUSTAINED MECHANICAL HYPERALGESIA, AN EFFECT NOT OBSERVED IN THE CONTROL OR ETHANOL-MAINTAINED GROUPS. FURTHERMORE, THIS HYPERALGESIA WAS ATTENUATED BY THE HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR, SUBEROYLANILIDE HYDROXAMIC ACID TREATMENT. CONCLUSIONS: HEIGHTENED PAIN SENSITIVITY WAS OBSERVED FOLLOWING WITHDRAWAL FROM CHRONIC ETHANOL EXPOSURE, AND HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS COULD BE NOVEL TREATMENTS FOR THIS ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL-INDUCED HYPERALGESIA.	2019