1  5227 107 PRMT6 MEDIATES INFLAMMATION VIA ACTIVATION OF THE NF-KAPPAB/P65 PATHWAY ON A CIGARETTE SMOKE EXTRACT-INDUCED MURINE EMPHYSEMA MODEL. INTRODUCTION: SMOKE-DRIVEN LUNG INFLAMMATION IS CONSIDERED TO BE THE MAJOR PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MECHANISM OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD)/EMPHYSEMA. PROTEIN ARGININE METHYLTRANSFERASE 6 (PRMT6) IS A KEY EPIGENETIC ENZYME, WHICH IS RELATED TO PROTECTING THE TRI-METHYLATION OF H3K4 (H3K4ME3). WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT PTMT6 PROTECTS LUNG INFLAMMATION THROUGH THE NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPA B (NF-KAPPAB) PATHWAY. METHODS: MICE WERE INJECTED WITH CIGARETTE SMOKE EXTRACT (CSE) OR PBS TO ESTABLISH A MICE MODEL, INTRATRACHEALLY INSTILLED WITH OVEREXPRESSED PRMT6 OR NEGATIVE CONTROL VECTOR. MORPHOMETRY OF LUNG SLIDES AND LUNG FUNCTION WERE MEASURED. WE DETERMINED THE PROTEIN EXPRESSION OF PRMT6 AND ITS RELATED HISTONE TARGETS, THE ACTIVATION OF NF-KAPPAB PATHWAY, THE LEVEL OF TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA (TNFALPHA) AND INTERLEUKIN-1BETA (IL-1BETA). RESULTS: AFTER PRMT6 OVEREXPRESSION, THE MORPHOMETRY INDEXES AND LUNG FUNCTION WERE IMPROVED. ALSO, THE EXPRESSION OF H3K4ME3 WAS DECREASED. OVEREXPRESSED PRMT6 COULD SUPPRESS CSE-INDUCED NF-KAPPAB ACTIVATION AND PRO-INFLAMMATION GENES EXPRESSION. CONCLUSIONS: THE OVEREXPRESSED PRMT6 COULD SERVE AS AN INFLAMMATION INHIBITOR, POTENTIALLY THROUGH BLOCKING THE NF-KAPPAB/P65 PATHWAY IN THE MURINE EMPHYSEMA MODEL.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
2  4070  21 MATERNAL DIABETES, PROGRAMMING OF BETA-CELL DISORDERS AND INTERGENERATIONAL RISK OF TYPE 2 DIABETES. A SUBSTANTIAL BODY OF EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT AN ABNORMAL INTRA-UTERINE MILIEU ELICITED BY MATERNAL METABOLIC DISTURBANCES AS DIVERSE AS MALNUTRITION, PLACENTAL INSUFFICIENCY, DIABETES AND OBESITY MAY BE ABLE TO PROGRAMME SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE FOETUS TO LATER DEVELOP CHRONIC DEGENERATIVE DISEASES SUCH AS OBESITY, HYPERTENSION, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES AND TYPE 2 DIABETES (T2D). AS INSULIN-PRODUCING CELLS HAVE BEEN PLACED CENTRE STAGE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF T2D, THIS REVIEW EXAMINES DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAMMING OF THE BETA-CELL MASS (BCM) IN VARIOUS RODENT MODELS OF MATERNAL PROTEIN RESTRICTION, CALORIE RESTRICTION, OVERNUTRITION AND DIABETES. THE MAIN MESSAGE IS THAT WHATEVER THE INITIAL MATERNAL INSULT (F0 GENERATION) AND WHETHER ALONE OR IN COMBINATION, IT GIVES RISE TO THE SAME PROGRAMMED BCM OUTCOME IN THE DAUGHTER GENERATION (F1). THE ALTERED BCM PHENOTYPE IN F1 FEMALES PROHIBITS NORMAL BCM ADAPTATION DURING PREGNANCY AND, THUS, DIABETES (GESTATIONAL DIABETES) ENSUES. THIS GESTATIONAL DIABETES IS THEN PASSED FROM ONE GENERATION (F1) TO THE NEXT (F2, F3 AND SO ON). THIS REVIEW HIGHLIGHTS A NUMBER OF STUDIES THAT HAVE IDENTIFIED EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS THAT MAY CONTRIBUTE TO ALTERED BCM DEVELOPMENT AND BETA-CELL FAILURE, AS OBSERVED IN DIABETES. IN ADDITION TO THEIR ROLE IN INSTILLING THE PROGRAMMED DEFECT, THESE NON-GENOMIC MECHANISMS MAY ALSO BE INVOLVED IN ITS INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
3  3939  36 LNC-IL7R ALLEVIATES PM(2.5)-MEDIATED CELLULAR SENESCENCE AND APOPTOSIS THROUGH EZH2 RECRUITMENT IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. BACKGROUND: LONG-TERM EXPOSURE TO PM(2.5) (PARTICULATE MATTER WITH AN AERODYNAMIC DIAMETER OF </= 2.5 MUM) IS ASSOCIATED WITH PULMONARY INJURY AND EMPHYSEMA IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD). WE INVESTIGATED MECHANISMS THROUGH WHICH THE LONG NONCODING RNA LNC-IL7R CONTRIBUTES TO CELLULAR DAMAGE BY INDUCING OXIDATIVE STRESS IN COPD PATIENTS EXPOSED TO PM(2.5). METHODS: ASSOCIATIONS OF SERUM LNC-IL7R LEVELS WITH LUNG FUNCTION, EMPHYSEMA, AND PREVIOUS PM(2.5) EXPOSURE IN COPD PATIENTS WERE ANALYZED. REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES AND LNC-IL7R LEVELS WERE MEASURED IN PM(2.5)-TREATED CELLS. THE LEVELS OF LNC-IL7R AND CELLULAR SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED GENES, NAMELY P16(INK4A) AND P21(CIP1/WAF1), WERE DETERMINED THROUGH LUNG TISSUE SECTION STAINING. THE EFFECTS OF P16(INK4A) OR P21(CIP1/WAF1) REGULATION WERE EXAMINED BY PERFORMING LNC-IL7R OVEREXPRESSION AND KNOCKDOWN ASSAYS. THE FUNCTIONS OF LNC-IL7R-MEDIATED CELL PROLIFERATION, CELL CYCLE, SENESCENCE, COLONY FORMATION, AND APOPTOSIS WERE EXAMINED IN CELLS TREATED WITH PM(2.5). CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ASSAYS WERE CONDUCTED TO INVESTIGATE THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF P21(CIP1/WAF1). RESULTS: LNC-IL7R LEVELS DECREASED IN COPD PATIENTS AND WERE NEGATIVELY CORRELATED WITH EMPHYSEMA OR PM(2.5) EXPOSURE. LNC-IL7R LEVELS WERE UPREGULATED IN NORMAL LUNG EPITHELIAL CELLS BUT NOT IN COPD CELLS EXPOSED TO PM(2.5). LOWER LNC-IL7R EXPRESSION IN PM(2.5)-TREATED CELLS INDUCED P16(INK4A) AND P21(CIP1/WAF1) EXPRESSION BY INCREASING OXIDATIVE STRESS. HIGHER LNC-IL7R EXPRESSION PROTECTED AGAINST CELLULAR SENESCENCE AND APOPTOSIS, WHEREAS LOWER LNC-IL7R EXPRESSION AUGMENTED INJURY IN PM(2.5)-TREATED CELLS. LNC-IL7R AND THE ENHANCER OF ZESTE HOMOLOG 2 (EZH2) SYNERGISTICALLY SUPPRESSED P21(CIP1/WAF1) EXPRESSION THROUGH EPIGENETIC MODULATION. CONCLUSION: LNC-IL7R ATTENUATES PM(2.5)-MEDIATED P21(CIP1/WAF1) EXPRESSION THROUGH EZH2 RECRUITMENT, AND ITS DYSFUNCTION MAY AUGMENT CELLULAR INJURY IN COPD.	2022	
                                                                                                            
4  6085  32 THE EFFECTS OF ACARBOSE ON CHEMOKINE AND CYTOKINE PRODUCTION IN HUMAN MONOCYTIC THP-1 CELLS. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: CHRONIC INFLAMMATION INDUCED BY PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AND CHEMOKINES IS POSTULATED TO BE INVOLVED IN INSULIN RESISTANCE AND BETA-CELL DYSFUNCTION IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS (T2DM). ACARBOSE, THE ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITOR, IS AN ORAL ANTIDIABETIC DRUG FOR T2DM. ACARBOSE SUPPRESSES INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE PRODUCTION IN PATIENTS WITH T2DM, THOUGH THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS ARE UNCLEAR. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, WE AIMED TO INVESTIGATE THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS AND THE EXACT MECHANISMS OF ACARBOSE IN HUMAN MONOCYTIC THP-1 CELLS. METHODS: THP-1 CELLS WERE PRETREATED WITH ACARBOSE AND THEN STIMULATED WITH LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE (LPS). THE LEVELS OF TH1-RELATED CHEMOKINES, INCLUDING INTERFERON-GAMMA-INDUCIBLE PROTEIN-10 (IP-10), MONOCYTE CHEMOATTRACTANT PROTEIN-1 (MCP-1), TH2-RELATED CHEMOKINE MACROPHAGE-DERIVED CHEMOKINE (MDC), AND PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA (TNF-ALPHA), WERE DETERMINED BY ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY. INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING PATHWAYS WERE EXPLORED BY WESTERN BLOT ANALYSIS AND USING A CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ASSAY. RESULTS: ACARBOSE SUPPRESSED THE LEVELS OF IP-10, MCP-1, MDC, AND TNF-ALPHA AND DOWNREGULATED PHOSPHORYLATION OF P38, C-JUN N-TERMINAL KINASE (JNK), EXTRACELLULAR SIGNAL-REGULATED KINASE (ERK), AND NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B-P65 (NF-KAPPAB-P65) IN LPS-STIMULATED THP-1 CELLS. ACARBOSE SUPPRESSED LPS-INDUCED ACETYLATION OF HISTONES H3 (H3) AND H4 IN THE IP-10 AND MCP-1 PROMOTER REGIONS. THESE FINDINGS REVEALED THE SUPPRESSIVE EFFECTS OF ACARBOSE ON IP-10, MCP-1, MDC, AND TNF-ALPHA PRODUCTION IN THP-1 CELLS VIA, AT LEAST PARTIALLY, THE P38, JNK, ERK, AND NF-KAPPAB-P65 PATHWAYS, AS WELL AS THROUGH EPIGENETIC REGULATION VIA HISTONE H3 AND H4 ACETYLATION. CONCLUSION: OUR STUDY POINTS TO THE THERAPEUTIC ANTI-INFLAMMATORY POTENTIAL OF ACARBOSE.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
5  4873  45 OVER-EXPRESSION OF PROTHYMOSIN-ALPHA ANTAGONIZES TGFBETA SIGNALLING TO PROMOTE THE DEVELOPMENT OF EMPHYSEMA. EMPHYSEMA, A MAJOR CONSEQUENCE OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD), IS CHARACTERIZED BY THE PERMANENT AIRFLOW RESTRICTION RESULTING FROM ENLARGEMENT OF ALVEOLAR AIRSPACE AND LOSS OF LUNG ELASTICITY. TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-BETA (TGFBETA) SIGNALLING REGULATES THE BALANCE OF MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE (MMP)/TISSUE INHIBITOR OF MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE (TIMP) TO CONTROL MATRIX HOMEOSTASIS. PATIENTS WITH COPD HAVE DYSREGULATED TGFBETA SIGNALLING AND REDUCED HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC) ACTIVITY THROUGH EPIGENETIC UP-REGULATION OF HISTONE ACETYLATION IN THE PROMOTERS OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY GENES. HOWEVER, THE POTENTIAL LINK BETWEEN DECREASED HDAC ACTIVITY AND DYSREGULATED TGFBETA SIGNALLING IN EMPHYSEMA PATHOGENESIS REMAINS TO BE DETERMINED. PROTHYMOSIN ALPHA (PROT), A HIGHLY CONSERVED ACIDIC NUCLEAR PROTEIN, PLAYS A ROLE IN THE ACETYLATION OF HISTONE AND NON-HISTONE PROTEINS. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO TEST THE HYPOTHESIS THAT PROT INHIBITS TGFBETA-SMAD SIGNALLING THROUGH SMAD7, THEREBY CONTRIBUTING TO EMPHYSEMA PATHOGENESIS. WE SHOW THAT PROT ENHANCES SMAD7 ACETYLATION BY DECREASING ITS ASSOCIATION WITH HDAC AND THEREBY DOWN-REGULATES TGFBETA-SMAD SIGNALLING. PROT CAUSED AN IMBALANCE BETWEEN MMP AND TIMP THROUGH ACETYLATED SMAD7 IN FAVOUR OF MMP EXPRESSION. IN ADDITION TO INTERFERING WITH R-SMAD ACTIVATION AND TARGETING RECEPTORS FOR DEGRADATION IN THE CYTOPLASM, ACETYLATED SMAD7 POTENTIATED BY PROT COMPETITIVELY ANTAGONIZED BINDING OF THE PSMAD2/3-SMAD4 COMPLEX TO THE TIMP-3 PROMOTER, RESULTING IN REDUCED TIMP-3 EXPRESSION. THESE EFFECTS WERE DETECTED IN PROT-OVER-EXPRESSING CELLS, LUNGS OF PROT TRANSGENIC MICE DISPLAYING AN EMPHYSEMA PHENOTYPE AND IN EMPHYSEMA PATIENTS. IMPORTANTLY, INCREASED SMAD7 AND REDUCED TIMP-3 WERE FOUND IN THE LUNGS OF EMPHYSEMA PATIENTS AND MICE WITH CIGARETTE SMOKE EXTRACT (CSE)-INDUCED EMPHYSEMA. SUCH EFFECTS COULD BE ABROGATED BY SILENCING ENDOGENOUS PROT EXPRESSION. COLLECTIVELY, OUR RESULTS UNCOVER ACETYLATED SMAD7 REGULATED BY PROT AS AN IMPORTANT DETERMINANT IN DYSREGULATED TGFBETA SIGNALLING THAT CONTRIBUTES TO EMPHYSEMA PATHOGENESIS.	2016	

6  1777  41 EDIBLE BLUE-GREEN ALGAE REDUCE THE PRODUCTION OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES BY INHIBITING NF-KAPPAB PATHWAY IN MACROPHAGES AND SPLENOCYTES. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC INFLAMMATION CONTRIBUTES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF PATHOLOGICAL DISORDERS INCLUDING INSULIN RESISTANCE AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS. IDENTIFICATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY NATURAL PRODUCTS CAN PREVENT THE INFLAMMATORY DISEASES. METHODS: ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF BLUE-GREEN ALGAE (BGA), I.E., NOSTOC COMMUNE VAR. SPHAEROIDES KUTZING (NO) AND SPIRULINA PLATENSIS (SP), WERE COMPARED IN RAW 264.7 AND MOUSE BONE MARROW-DERIVED MACROPHAGES (BMM) AS WELL AS SPLENOCYTES FROM APOLIPOPROTEIN E KNOCKOUT (APOE(-/-)) MICE FED BGA. RESULTS: WHEN MACROPHAGES PRETREATED WITH 100MUG/ML NO LIPID EXTRACT (NOE) OR SP LIPID EXTRACT (SPE) WERE ACTIVATED BY LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE (LPS), EXPRESSION AND SECRETION OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES, SUCH AS TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA (TNFALPHA), INTERLEUKIN 1BETA (IL-1BETA), AND IL-6, WERE SIGNIFICANTLY REPRESSED. NOE AND SPE ALSO SIGNIFICANTLY REPRESSED THE EXPRESSION OF TNFALPHA AND IL-1BETA IN BMM. LPS-INDUCED SECRETION OF IL-6 WAS LOWER IN SPLENOCYTES FROM APOE(-/-) FED AN ATHEROGENIC DIET CONTAINING 5% NO OR SP FOR 12WEEKS. IN RAW 264.7 MACROPHAGES, NOE AND SPE MARKEDLY DECREASED NUCLEAR TRANSLOCATION OF NF-KAPPAB. THE DEGREE OF REPRESSION OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY GENE EXPRESSION BY ALGAL EXTRACTS WAS MUCH STRONGER THAN THAT OF SN50, AN INHIBITOR OF NF-KAPPAB NUCLEAR TRANSLOCATION. TRICHOSTATIN A, A PAN HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR, INCREASED BASAL EXPRESSION OF IL-1BETA AND ATTENUATED THE REPRESSION OF THE GENE EXPRESSION BY SPE. SPE SIGNIFICANTLY DOWN-REGULATED MRNA ABUNDANCE OF 11 HDAC ISOFORMS, CONSEQUENTLY INCREASING ACETYLATED HISTONE 3 LEVELS. CONCLUSION: NOE AND SPE REPRESS PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE EXPRESSION AND SECRETION IN MACROPHAGES AND SPLENOCYTES VIA INHIBITION OF NF-KAPPAB PATHWAY. HISTONE ACETYLATION STATE IS LIKELY INVOLVED IN THE INHIBITION. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: THIS STUDY UNDERSCORES NATURAL PRODUCTS CAN EXERT ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS BY EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS SUCH AS HISTONE ACETYLATION.	2013	
                                                                                                                
7  1302  21 DEFECTIVE FUNCTIONAL BETA-CELL MASS AND TYPE 2 DIABETES IN THE GOTO-KAKIZAKI RAT MODEL. INCREASING EVIDENCE INDICATES THAT DECREASED FUNCTIONAL BETA-CELL MASS IS THE HALLMARK OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. THEREFORE, THE DEBATE FOCUSES ON THE POSSIBLE MECHANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR ABNORMAL ISLET MICROENVIRONMENT, DECREASED BETA-CELL NUMBER, IMPAIRED BETA-CELL FUNCTION AND THEIR MULTIFACTORIAL ETIOLOGIES. THE INFORMATION AVAILABLE ON THE GOTO-KAKIZAKI/PAR RAT LINE, ONE OF THE BEST CHARACTERIZED ANIMAL MODELS OF SPONTANEOUS TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, ARE REVIEWED IN SUCH A PERSPECTIVE. WE PROPOSE THAT THE DEFECTIVE BETA-CELL MASS AND FUNCTION IN THE GOTO-KAKIZAKI/PAR MODEL REFLECT THE COMPLEX INTERACTIONS OF MULTIPLE PATHOGENIC PLAYERS, INCLUDING SEVERAL INDEPENDENT LOCI CONTAINING GENES RESPONSIBLE FOR SOME DIABETIC TRAITS (BUT NOT DECREASED BETA-CELL MASS), GESTATIONAL METABOLIC IMPAIRMENT INDUCING AN EPIGENETIC PROGRAMMING OF THE PANCREAS (DECREASED BETA-CELL NEOGENESIS), WHICH IS TRANSMITTED TO THE NEXT GENERATION, AND LOSS OF BETA-CELL DIFFERENTIATION DUE TO CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO HYPERGLYCEMIA, INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS, OXIDATIVE STRESS AND PERTURBED ISLET MICROARCHITECTURE.	2007	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
8  5064  34 PHOSPHORYLATION OF RELA/P65 PROMOTES DNMT-1 RECRUITMENT TO CHROMATIN AND REPRESSES TRANSCRIPTION OF THE TUMOR METASTASIS SUPPRESSOR GENE BRMS1. THE MAJORITY OF PATIENTS WITH LUNG CANCER PRESENT WITH METASTATIC DISEASE. CHRONIC INFLAMMATION AND SUBSEQUENT ACTIVATION OF NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPAB (NF-KAPPAB) HAVE BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF CANCERS. THE RELA/P65 SUBUNIT OF NF-KAPPAB IS TYPICALLY ASSOCIATED WITH TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION. IN THIS REPORT WE SHOW THAT RELA/P65 CAN FUNCTION AS AN ACTIVE TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSOR THROUGH ENHANCED METHYLATION OF THE BRMS1 (BREAST CANCER METASTASIS SUPPRESSOR 1) METASTASIS SUPPRESSOR GENE PROMOTER VIA DIRECT RECRUITMENT OF DNMT-1 (DNA (CYTOSINE-5)-METHYLTRANSFERASE 1) TO CHROMATIN IN RESPONSE TO TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR (TNF). TNF-MEDIATED PHOSPHORYLATION OF S276 ON RELA/P65 IS REQUIRED FOR RELA/P65-DNMT-1 INTERACTIONS, CHROMATIN LOADING OF DNMT-1 AND SUBSEQUENT BRMS1 PROMOTER METHYLATION AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSION. THE ABILITY OF RELA/P65 TO FUNCTION AS AN ACTIVE TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSOR IS PROMOTER SPECIFIC, AS THE NF-KAPPAB-REGULATED GENE CIAP2 (CELLULAR INHIBITOR OF APOPTOSIS 2) IS TRANSCRIPTIONALLY ACTIVATED WHEREAS BRMS1 IS REPRESSED UNDER IDENTICAL CONDITIONS. SMALL-MOLECULE INHIBITION OF EITHER OF THE MINIMAL INTERACTING DOMAINS BETWEEN RELA/P65-DNMT-1 AND RELA/P65-BRMS1 PROMOTER ABROGATES BRMS1 METHYLATION AND ITS TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSION. THE ABILITY OF RELA/P65 TO DIRECTLY RECRUIT DNMT-1 TO CHROMATIN, RESULTING IN PROMOTER-SPECIFIC METHYLATION AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSION OF TUMOR METASTASIS SUPPRESSOR GENE BRMS1, HIGHLIGHTS A NEW MECHANISM THROUGH WHICH NF-KAPPAB CAN REGULATE METASTATIC DISEASE, AND OFFERS A POTENTIAL TARGET FOR NEWER-GENERATION EPIGENETIC ONCOPHARMACEUTICALS.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
9  3859  22 ISLET STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN THE GK RAT. TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS (T2D) ARISES WHEN THE ENDOCRINE PANCREAS FAILS TO SECRETE SUFFICIENT INSULIN TO COPE WITH THE METABOLIC DEMAND BECAUSE OF BETA-CELL SECRETORY DYSFUNCTION AND/OR DECREASED BETA-CELL MASS. DEFINING THE NATURE OF THE PANCREATIC ISLET DEFECTS PRESENT IN T2D HAS BEEN DIFFICULT, IN PART BECAUSE HUMAN ISLETS ARE INACCESSIBLE FOR DIRECT STUDY. THIS REVIEW IS AIMED TO ILLUSTRATE TO WHAT EXTENT THE GOTO-KAKIZAKI RAT, ONE OF THE BEST CHARACTERIZED ANIMAL MODELS OF SPONTANEOUS T2D, HAS PROVED TO BE A VALUABLE TOOL OFFERING SUFFICIENT COMMONALITIES TO STUDY THIS ASPECT. A COMPREHENSIVE COMPENDIUM OF THE MULTIPLE FUNCTIONAL GK ISLET ABNORMALITIES SO FAR IDENTIFIED IS PROPOSED IN THIS PERSPECTIVE. THE PATHOGENESIS OF DEFECTIVE BETA-CELL NUMBER AND FUNCTION IN THE GK MODEL IS ALSO DISCUSSED. IT IS PROPOSED THAT THE DEVELOPMENT OF T2D IN THE GK MODEL RESULTS FROM THE COMPLEX INTERACTION OF MULTIPLE EVENTS: (I) SEVERAL SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI CONTAINING GENES RESPONSIBLE FOR SOME DIABETIC TRAITS (DISTINCT LOCI ENCODING IMPAIRMENT OF BETA-CELL METABOLISM AND INSULIN EXOCYTOSIS, BUT NO QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS FOR DECREASED BETA-CELL MASS); (II) GESTATIONAL METABOLIC IMPAIRMENT INDUCING AN EPIGENETIC PROGRAMMING OF THE OFFSPRING PANCREAS (DECREASED BETA-CELL NEOGENESIS AND PROLIFERATION) TRANSMITTED OVER GENERATIONS; AND (III) LOSS OF BETA-CELL DIFFERENTIATION RELATED TO CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO HYPERGLYCAEMIA/HYPERLIPIDAEMIA, ISLET INFLAMMATION, ISLET OXIDATIVE STRESS, ISLET FIBROSIS AND PERTURBED ISLET VASCULATURE.	2010	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
10  6163  22 THE GK RAT BETA-CELL: A PROTOTYPE FOR THE DISEASED HUMAN BETA-CELL IN TYPE 2 DIABETES? INCREASING EVIDENCE INDICATES THAT DECREASED FUNCTIONAL BETA-CELL MASS IS THE HALLMARK OF TYPE 2 DIABETES (T2D) MELLITUS. NOWADAYS, THE DEBATE FOCUSES ON THE POSSIBLE MECHANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR ABNORMAL ISLET MICROENVIRONMENT, DECREASED BETA-CELL NUMBER, IMPAIRED BETA-CELL FUNCTION, AND THEIR MULTIFACTORIAL AETIOLOGIES. THIS REVIEW IS AIMED TO ILLUSTRATE TO WHAT EXTEND THE GOTO-KAKIZAKI RAT, ONE OF THE BEST CHARACTERIZED ANIMAL MODELS OF SPONTANEOUS T2D, HAS PROVED BE A VALUABLE TOOL OFFERING SUFFICIENT COMMONALITIES TO STUDY THESE ASPECTS. WE PROPOSE THAT THE DEFECTIVE BETA-CELL MASS AND FUNCTION IN THE GK MODEL REFLECT THE COMPLEX INTERACTIONS OF MULTIPLE PATHOGENIC PLAYERS: (I) SEVERAL INDEPENDENT LOCI CONTAINING GENES RESPONSIBLE FOR SOME DIABETIC TRAITS (BUT NOT DECREASED BETA-CELL MASS); (II) GESTATIONAL METABOLIC IMPAIRMENT INDUCING AN EPIGENETIC PROGRAMMING OF THE PANCREAS (DECREASED BETA-CELL NEOGENESIS AND/OR PROLIFERATION) WHICH IS TRANSMITTED TO THE NEXT GENERATION; AND (III) LOSS OF BETA-CELL DIFFERENTIATION DUE TO CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO HYPERGLYCEMIA/HYPERLIPIDEMIA, INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS, OXIDATIVE STRESS AND TO PERTURBED ISLET MICROARCHITECTURE.	2009	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
11  1945  37 EPIGALLOCATECHIN-3-GALLATE, A HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITOR, INHIBITS EBV-INDUCED B LYMPHOCYTE TRANSFORMATION VIA SUPPRESSION OF RELA ACETYLATION. BECAUSE THE P300/CBP-MEDIATED HYPERACETYLATION OF RELA (P65) IS CRITICAL FOR NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPAB (NF-KAPPAB) ACTIVATION, THE ATTENUATION OF P65 ACETYLATION IS A POTENTIAL MOLECULAR TARGET FOR THE PREVENTION OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATION. DURING OUR ONGOING SCREENING STUDY TO IDENTIFY NATURAL COMPOUNDS WITH HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITOR (HATI) ACTIVITY, WE IDENTIFIED EPIGALLOCATECHIN-3-GALLATE (EGCG) AS A NOVEL HATI WITH GLOBAL SPECIFICITY FOR THE MAJORITY OF HAT ENZYMES BUT WITH NO ACTIVITY TOWARD EPIGENETIC ENZYMES INCLUDING HDAC, SIRT1, AND HMTASE. AT A DOSE OF 100 MICROMOL/L, EGCG ABROGATES P300-INDUCED P65 ACETYLATION IN VITRO AND IN VIVO, INCREASES THE LEVEL OF CYTOSOLIC IKAPPABALPHA, AND SUPPRESSES TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA (TNFALPHA)-INDUCED NF-KAPPAB ACTIVATION. WE ALSO SHOWED THAT EGCG PREVENTS TNFALPHA-INDUCED P65 TRANSLOCATION TO THE NUCLEUS, CONFIRMING THAT HYPERACETYLATION IS CRITICAL FOR NF-KAPPAB TRANSLOCATION AS WELL AS ACTIVITY. FURTHERMORE, EGCG TREATMENT INHIBITED THE ACETYLATION OF P65 AND THE EXPRESSION OF NF-KAPPAB TARGET GENES IN RESPONSE TO DIVERSE STIMULI. FINALLY, EGCG REDUCED THE BINDING OF P300 TO THE PROMOTER REGION OF INTERLEUKIN-6 GENE WITH AN INCREASED RECRUITMENT OF HDAC3, WHICH HIGHLIGHTS THE IMPORTANCE OF THE BALANCE BETWEEN HATS AND HISTONE DEACETYLASES IN THE NF-KAPPAB-MEDIATED INFLAMMATORY SIGNALING PATHWAY. IMPORTANTLY, EGCG AT 50 MICROMOL/L DOSE COMPLETELY BLOCKS EBV INFECTION-INDUCED CYTOKINE EXPRESSION AND SUBSEQUENTLY THE EBV-INDUCED B LYMPHOCYTE TRANSFORMATION. THESE RESULTS SHOW THE CRUCIAL ROLE OF ACETYLATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFLAMMATORY-RELATED DISEASES.	2009	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
12  6297  48 THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF HBO1 ON CIGARETTE SMOKE EXTRACT-INDUCED APOPTOSIS IN AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS. PURPOSE: EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION IS ONE OF MOST IMPORTANT MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THE PATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD). THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE WHETHER HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE BINDING TO ORC1 (HBO1) CAN PROTECT AGAINST CIGARETTE SMOKE (CS)-INDUCED CELL APOPTOSIS AND SUSTAIN NORMAL HISTONE ACETYLATION IN COPD. METHODS: HUMAN LUNG TISSUE SAMPLES WERE OBTAINED FROM PATIENTS WHO UNDERWENT LUNG RESECTION. THE EMPHYSEMA MOUSE MODEL AND HBO1 OVEREXPRESSING MICE WERE EACH ESTABLISHED BY INTRAPERITONEAL INJECTION WITH CIGARETTE SMOKE EXTRACT (CSE) OR INTRATRACHEAL LENTIVIRAL VECTORS INSTILLATION. TUNEL (TERMINAL DEOXYNUCLEOTIDYL TRANSFERASE DUTP NICK END LABELING) ASSAYS WERE USED TO ASSESS APOPTOTIC RATIO IN MICE. THE APOPTOSIS OF HUMAN BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL CELLS (HBECS) WAS ASSAYED BY FLOW CYTOMETRY. HBO1, B-CELL LYMPHOMA-2 (BCL-2), AND H3K14AC PROTEIN EXPRESSION WERE DETECTED BY WESTERN BLOTTING. HBO1 MRNA EXPRESSION WAS MEASURED BY QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION. RESULTS: PROTEIN EXPRESSION OF HBO1 WAS DECREASED SIGNIFICANTLY IN LUNG TISSUE FROM COPD PATIENTS AND CSE-TREATED EMPHYSEMA MOUSE MODELS. OVEREXPRESSION OF HBO1 ATTENUATED CSE-INDUCED EMPHYSEMATOUS CHANGES, AS WELL AS APOPTOSIS IN THE LUNGS OF COPD MICE. IN VITRO, THE HBO1 PROTEIN DEGRADED IN A TIME- AND DOSE-DEPENDENT COURSE WITH CSE TREATMENT. WITH FLOW CYTOMETRY, WE PROVED THAT HBO1 COULD REVERSE THE APOPTOSIS OF HBECS INDUCED BY CSE. FURTHERMORE, HBO1 OVEREXPRESSION PROMOTED THE EXPRESSION OF ANTI-APOPTOTIC BCL-2 PROTEIN AND ENHANCED H3K14 ACETYLATION IN AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS. CONCLUSION: THESE FINDINGS DEMONSTRATE THAT THE KEY HISTONE MODULATOR HBO1 PLAYS A PROTECTIVE ROLE IN COPD PATHOGENESIS THAT MAY SHED LIGHT ON POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS TO INHIBIT THE PROGRESS OF COPD.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
13   673  30 BRAHMA-RELATED GENE 1 (BRG1) EPIGENETICALLY REGULATES CAM ACTIVATION DURING HYPOXIC PULMONARY HYPERTENSION. AIMS: ESTABLISHMENT OF AN INFLAMMATORY MILIEU FOLLOWING ELEVATED LEUKOCYTE ADHESION TO THE VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM, WHICH IS MEDIATED BY TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION OF CELL ADHESION MOLECULES (CAMS), CONTRIBUTES TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC HYPOXIA-INDUCED PULMONARY HYPERTENSION (HPH). THE EPIGENETIC SWITCH THAT DICTATES CAM TRANSACTIVATION IN RESPONSE TO HYPOXIA IN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS LEADING UP TO HPH IS NOT FULLY APPRECIATED. METHODS AND RESULTS: WE REPORT HERE THAT BRAHMA-RELATED GENE 1 (BRG1) AND BRAHMA (BRM), TWO CATALYTIC COMPONENTS OF THE MAMMALIAN CHROMATIN REMODELLING COMPLEX, WERE INDUCED IN CULTURED ENDOTHELIAL CELLS CHALLENGED WITH HYPOXIA IN VITRO AS WELL AS IN PULMONARY ARTERIES IN AN ANIMAL MODEL OF HPH. OVER-EXPRESSION OF BRG1/BRM ENHANCED, WHILE THE DEPLETION OF BRG1/BRM ATTENUATED, CAM TRANSACTIVATION AND ADHESION OF LEUKOCYTES. ENDOTHELIAL-SPECIFIC DELETION OF BRG1/BRM AMELIORATED VASCULAR INFLAMMATION AND HPH IN MICE. CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION (CHIP) AND RE-CHIP ASSAYS REVEALED THAT HYPOXIA UP-REGULATED THE OCCUPANCIES OF BRG1 AND BRM ON CAM PROMOTERS IN A NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPAB (NF-KAPPAB) -DEPENDENT MANNER. FINALLY, BRG1 AND BRM ACTIVATED CAM TRANSCRIPTION BY ALTERING THE CHROMATIN STRUCTURE SURROUNDING THE CAM PROMOTERS. CONCLUSION: OUR DATA SUGGEST THAT BRG1 PROVIDES THE CRUCIAL EPIGENETIC LINK TO HYPOXIA-INDUCED CAM INDUCTION AND LEUKOCYTE ADHESION THAT ENGENDERS ENDOTHELIAL MALFUNCTION AND PATHOGENESIS OF HPH. AS SUCH, TARGETING BRG1 IN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS MAY YIELD PROMISING STRATEGIES IN THE INTERVENTION AND/OR PREVENTION OF HPH.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
14  5228  36 PRMT7 TARGETS OF FOXM1 CONTROLS ALVEOLAR MYOFIBROBLAST PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION DURING ALVEOLOGENESIS. ALTHOUGH ABERRANT ALVEOLAR MYOFIBROBLASTS (AMYFS) PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION ARE OFTEN ASSOCIATED WITH ABNORMAL LUNG DEVELOPMENT AND DISEASES, SUCH AS BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA (BPD), CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD), AND IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY FIBROSIS (IPF), EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS REGULATING PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF AMYFS REMAIN POORLY UNDERSTOOD. PROTEIN ARGININE METHYLTRANSFERASE 7 (PRMT7) IS THE ONLY REPORTED TYPE III ENZYME RESPONSIBLE FOR MONOMETHYLATION OF ARGININE RESIDUE ON BOTH HISTONE AND NONHISTONE SUBSTRATES. HERE WE PROVIDE EVIDENCE FOR PRMT7'S FUNCTION IN REGULATING AMYFS PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION DURING LUNG ALVEOLOGENESIS. IN PRMT7-DEFICIENT MICE, WE FOUND REDUCED AMYFS PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION, ABNORMAL ELASTIN DEPOSITION, AND FAILURE OF ALVEOLAR SEPTUM FORMATION. WE FURTHER SHOWN THAT ONCOGENE FORKHEAD BOX M1 (FOXM1) IS A DIRECT TARGET OF PRMT7 AND THAT PRMT7-CATALYZED MONOMETHYLATION AT HISTONE H4 ARGININE 3 (H4R3ME1) DIRECTLY ASSOCIATE WITH CHROMATIN OF FOXM1 TO ACTIVATE ITS TRANSCRIPTION, AND THEREBY REGULATE OF CELL CYCLE-RELATED GENES TO INHIBIT AMYFS PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION. OVEREXPRESSION OF FOXM1 IN ISOLATED MYOFIBROBLASTS (MYFS) SIGNIFICANTLY RESCUED PRMT7-DEFICIENCY-INDUCED CELL PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION DEFECTS. THUS, OUR RESULTS REVEAL A NOVEL EPIGENETIC MECHANISM THROUGH WHICH PRMT7-MEDIATED HISTONE ARGININE MONOMETHYLATION ACTIVATES FOXM1 TRANSCRIPTIONAL EXPRESSION TO REGULATE AMYFS PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION DURING LUNG ALVEOLOGENESIS AND MAY REPRESENT A POTENTIAL TARGET FOR INTERVENTION IN PULMONARY DISEASES.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
15  6015  34 THE ARGININE METHYLTRANSFERASE PRMT7 PROMOTES EXTRAVASATION OF MONOCYTES RESULTING IN TISSUE INJURY IN COPD. EXTRAVASATION OF MONOCYTES INTO TISSUE AND TO THE SITE OF INJURY IS A FUNDAMENTAL IMMUNOLOGICAL PROCESS, WHICH REQUIRES RAPID RESPONSES VIA POST TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS (PTM) OF PROTEINS. PROTEIN ARGININE METHYLTRANSFERASE 7 (PRMT7) IS AN EPIGENETIC FACTOR THAT HAS THE CAPACITY TO MONO-METHYLATE HISTONES ON ARGININE RESIDUES. HERE WE SHOW THAT IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) PATIENTS, PRMT7 EXPRESSION IS ELEVATED IN THE LUNG TISSUE AND LOCALIZED TO THE MACROPHAGES. IN MOUSE MODELS OF COPD, LUNG FIBROSIS AND SKIN INJURY, REDUCED EXPRESSION OF PRMT7 ASSOCIATES WITH DECREASED RECRUITMENT OF MONOCYTES TO THE SITE OF INJURY AND HENCE LESS SEVERE SYMPTOMS. MECHANISTICALLY, ACTIVATION OF NF-KAPPAB/RELA IN MONOCYTES INDUCES PRMT7 TRANSCRIPTION AND CONSEQUENTIAL MONO-METHYLATION OF HISTONES AT THE REGULATORY ELEMENTS OF RAP1A, WHICH LEADS TO INCREASED TRANSCRIPTION OF THIS GENE THAT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR ADHESION AND MIGRATION OF MONOCYTES. PERSISTENT MONOCYTE-DERIVED MACROPHAGE ACCUMULATION LEADS TO ALOX5 OVER-EXPRESSION AND ACCUMULATION OF ITS METABOLITE LTB4, WHICH TRIGGERS EXPRESSION OF ACSL4 A FERROPTOSIS PROMOTING GENE IN LUNG EPITHELIAL CELLS. CONCLUSIVELY, INHIBITION OF ARGININE MONO-METHYLATION MIGHT OFFER TARGETED INTERVENTION IN MONOCYTE-DRIVEN INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS THAT LEAD TO EXTENSIVE TISSUE DAMAGE IF LEFT UNTREATED.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
16  2784  28 EZH2 PROMOTES EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX DEGRADATION VIA NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPAB (NF-KAPPAB) AND P38 SIGNALING PATHWAYS IN PULPITIS. PULPITIS IS A COMPLICATED CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY PROCESS WHICH CAN BE IN A DYNAMIC BALANCE BETWEEN DAMAGE AND REPAIR. THE EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PLAYS AN IMPORTANT REGULATORY ROLE IN WOUND HEALING AND TISSUE REPAIR. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO EXPLORE THE ROLE OF THE EPIGENETIC MARK, ENHANCER OF ZESTE HOMOLOG 2 (EZH2) ON THE DEGRADATION OF EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX DURING PULPITIS. QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION WAS USED TO ASSESS THE EXPRESSION OF MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES (MMPS) AND TYPE I COLLAGEN IN HUMAN DENTAL PULP CELLS (HDPCS) UPON EZH2 AND EI1 (EZH2 INHIBITOR) STIMULATION. THE MECHANISM OF EZH2 AFFECTING EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX WAS EXPLORED THROUGH QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION AND WESTERN BLOT. A RAT MODEL OF DENTAL PULP INFLAMMATION WAS ESTABLISHED, AND THE EXPRESSION OF TYPE I COLLAGEN IN DENTAL PULP UNDER EZH2 STIMULATION WAS DETECTED BY IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STAINING. EZH2 UPREGULATED THE EXPRESSION OF MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-8, AND MMP-10 AND DECREASED THE PRODUCTION OF TYPE I COLLAGEN IN HDPCS, WHILE EI1 HAD THE OPPOSITE EFFECT. EZH2 ACTIVATED THE NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B (NF-KAPPAB) AND P38 SIGNALING PATHWAYS IN HDPCS, THE INHIBITION OF WHICH REVERSED THE INDUCTION OF MMPS AND THE SUPPRESSION OF TYPE I COLLAGEN. EZH2 CAN DOWNREGULATE THE TYPE I COLLAGEN LEVELS IN AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF DENTAL PULPITIS IN RATS. EZH2 PROMOTES EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX DEGRADATION VIA NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPAB (NF-KAPPAB) AND P38 SIGNALING PATHWAYS IN PULPITIS. EZH2 CAN DECREASE THE TYPE I COLLAGEN LEVELS IN VIVO AND IN VITRO.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
17  5293  24 PROTEASOMAL DEGRADATION OF THE HISTONE ACETYL TRANSFERASE P300 CONTRIBUTES TO BETA-CELL INJURY IN A DIABETES ENVIRONMENT. IN TYPE 2 DIABETES, AMYLOID OLIGOMERS, CHRONIC HYPERGLYCEMIA, LIPOTOXICITY, AND PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES ARE DETRIMENTAL TO BETA-CELLS, CAUSING APOPTOSIS AND IMPAIRED INSULIN SECRETION. THE HISTONE ACETYL TRANSFERASE P300, INVOLVED IN REMODELING OF CHROMATIN STRUCTURE BY EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS, IS A KEY UBIQUITOUS ACTIVATOR OF THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL MACHINERY. IN THIS STUDY, WE REPORT THAT LOSS OF P300 ACETYL TRANSFERASE ACTIVITY AND EXPRESSION LEADS TO BETA-CELL APOPTOSIS, AND MOST IMPORTANTLY, THAT STRESS SITUATIONS KNOWN TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH DIABETES ALTER P300 LEVELS AND FUNCTIONAL INTEGRITY. WE FOUND THAT PROTEASOMAL DEGRADATION IS THE MECHANISM SUBSERVING P300 LOSS IN BETA-CELLS EXPOSED TO HYPERGLYCEMIA OR PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES. WE ALSO REPORT THAT MELATONIN, A HORMONE PRODUCED IN THE PINEAL GLAND AND KNOWN TO PLAY KEY ROLES IN BETA-CELL HEALTH, PRESERVES P300 LEVELS ALTERED BY THESE TOXIC CONDITIONS. COLLECTIVELY, THESE DATA IMPLY AN IMPORTANT ROLE FOR P300 IN THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DIABETES.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
18  3153  36 GLUCOSE-INDUCED EXPRESSION OF THE HOMEOTIC TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR PREP1 IS ASSOCIATED WITH HISTONE POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS IN SKELETAL MUSCLE. AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: CHRONIC HYPERGLYCAEMIA WORSENS INSULIN RESISTANCE IN INDIVIDUALS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES. WHETHER THIS EFFECT IS CONTRIBUTED BY EPIGENETIC DYSREGULATION AND WHICH GENES ARE INVOLVED REMAIN UNCLEAR. PREP1 (ALSO KNOWN AS PKNOX1) IS A GENE EXERTING MAJOR EFFECTS ON THE SENSITIVITY OF THE GLUCOSE TRANSPORT MACHINERY TO INSULIN. HERE, WE SHOW THAT DYSREGULATION OF PREP1 EXPRESSION BY HIGH GLUCOSE LEVELS IS ASSOCIATED WITH HISTONE MODIFICATIONS AT ITS 5' REGULATORY REGION. METHODS: WE USED MOUSE AND CELL MODELS TO INVESTIGATE PREP1 TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION BY GLUCOSE. RESULTS: DIFFERENTIATED L6 SKELETAL MUSCLE CELLS WERE GROWN IN THE PRESENCE OF EITHER 5.5 OR 25 MMOL/L GLUCOSE (NORMAL [NG] AND HIGH GLUCOSE [HG], RESPECTIVELY). THE HG EXPOSURE INCREASED NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPA LIGHT CHAIN ENHANCER OF ACTIVATED B CELLS (NF-KAPPAB) P65 BINDING AND RECRUITMENT OF THE SU(VAR)3-9, ENHANCER-OF-ZESTE, TRITHORAX DOMAIN-CONTAINING LYSINE METHYLTRANSFERASE 7 (SET7) HISTONE METHYLTRANSFERASE AND P300 ACETYLTRANSFERASE TO THE 5' REGION OF PREP1, LEADING TO ENHANCED TRANSCRIPTION. IN ADDITION, CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ASSAYS REVEALED CONCOMITANTLY INCREASED HISTONE H3 MONO- AND DIMETHYLATION AND ACETYLATION AT LYS4 AND LYS9/14, RESPECTIVELY. SKELETAL MUSCLE TISSUE FROM STREPTOZOTOCIN-TREATED DIABETIC MICE ALSO SHOWED PREP1 OVEREXPRESSION ACCOMPANIED BY SIMILARLY INCREASED RECRUITMENT OF NF-KAPPAB P65 AND HISTONE MODIFICATIONS AT THE 5' REGION OF PREP1. IN THESE SAME MICE, AS WELL AS IN PREP1-OVEREXPRESSING L6 CELLS, PREP1-INDUCED RECRUITMENT OF THE REPRESSOR COMPLEX MYOCYTE ENHANCER FACTOR 2 (MEF2)/HISTONE DEACETYLASE 5 (HDAC5) AT THE GLUT4 PROMOTER WAS ALSO INCREASED, LEADING TO REDUCED GLUT4 EXPRESSION. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: THESE STUDIES INDICATE THAT HG EXPOSURE INDUCES NF-KAPPAB RECRUITMENT AND HISTONE MODIFICATION AT THE PREP1 5' REGION, THEREBY ENHANCING THE TRANSCRIPTION OF PREP1 AND REPRESSING THAT OF GLUT4. HISTONE CHANGES AT THE PREP1 GENE MAY CONTRIBUTE TO INSULIN RESISTANCE IN INDIVIDUALS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES.	2016	
         
19  3828  38 INVOLVEMENT OF B-CELL CLL/LYMPHOMA 2 PROMOTER METHYLATION IN CIGARETTE SMOKE EXTRACT-INDUCED EMPHYSEMA. ABNORMAL APOPTOTIC EVENTS PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF EMPHYSEMA. THE B-CELL CLL/LYMPHOMA 2 (BCL-2) FAMILY PROTEINS ARE ESSENTIAL AND CRITICAL REGULATORS OF APOPTOSIS. WE DETERMINED WHETHER THE ANTI-APOPTOTIC BCL-2 PLAY A ROLE IN THE CIGARETTE SMOKE EXTRACT (CSE)-INDUCED EMPHYSEMA. FURTHERMORE, GIVEN THE INVOLVEMENT OF EPIGENETICS IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE, WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT THE DEREGULATION OF BCL-2 MIGHT BE CAUSED BY GENE METHYLATION. THE EMPHYSEMA IN BALB/C MICE WAS ESTABLISHED BY INTRAPERITONEALLY INJECTION OF CSE. 5-AZA-2'-DEOXYCYTIDINE (AZA; A DEMETHYLATION REAGENT) AND PHOSPHATE-BUFFERED SALINE WERE ALSO ADMINISTERED INTRAPERITONEALLY AS CSE. TUNEL ASSAY WAS USED TO ASSESS APOPTOTIC INDEX OF PULMONARY CELLS. THE METHYLATION STATUS OF CPG DINUCLEOTIDES WITHIN THE BCL-2 PROMOTER WAS OBSERVED IN ALL GROUPS BY BISULFITE SEQUENCING PCR. PULMONARY EXPRESSION OF BCL-2, BAX, AND CYTOCHROME C WERE MEASURED AFTER FOUR WEEKS OF TREATMENT. THE APOPTOTIC INDEX OF PULMONARY CELLS IN CSE INJECTION GROUP WAS MUCH HIGHER THAN CONTROL ((25.88 +/- 7.55)% VS (6.28 +/- 2.96)%). COMPARED TO CONTROL MICE, DECREASED EXPRESSION OF BCL-2 AND HIGH METHYLATION OF BCL-2 PROMOTER WAS OBSERVED IN CSE INJECTED MICE (0.88 +/- 0.08 VS 0.49 +/- 0.11, (3.82 +/- 1.34)% VS (35.68 +/- 5.99)%, P < 0.01).CSE TREATMENT INDUCED LUNG CELL APOPTOSIS AND DECREASED LUNG FUNCTION. AZA TREATMENT INCREASED BCL-2 EXPRESSION WITH BCL-2 PROMOTER DEMETHYLATION. AZA ALSO ALLEVIATED THE LUNG CELL APOPTOSIS AND FUNCTION FAILURE CAUSED BY CSE TREATMENT. THE DECREASED EXPRESSION OF ANTI-APOPTOTIC BCL-2 MIGHT ACCOUNT FOR THE INCREASED APOPTOSIS IN CSE INDUCED-EMPHYSEMA. APPARENTLY, EPIGENETIC ALTERNATION PLAYED A ROLE IN THIS DEREGULATION OF BCL-2 EXPRESSION, AND IT MIGHT SUPPORT THE INVOLVEMENT OF EPIGENETIC EVENTS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF EMPHYSEMA.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
20  6164  21 THE GK RAT: A PROTOTYPE FOR THE STUDY OF NON-OVERWEIGHT TYPE 2 DIABETES. TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS (T2D) ARISES WHEN THE ENDOCRINE PANCREAS FAILS TO SECRETE SUFFICIENT INSULIN TO COPE WITH THE METABOLIC DEMAND BECAUSE OF BETA-CELL SECRETORY DYSFUNCTION AND/OR DECREASED BETA-CELL MASS. DEFINING THE NATURE OF THE PANCREATIC ISLET DEFECTS PRESENT IN T2D HAS BEEN DIFFICULT, IN PART BECAUSE HUMAN ISLETS ARE INACCESSIBLE FOR DIRECT STUDY. THIS REVIEW IS AIMED TO ILLUSTRATE TO WHAT EXTENT THE GOTO KAKIZAKI RAT, ONE OF THE BEST CHARACTERIZED ANIMAL MODELS OF SPONTANEOUS T2D, HAS PROVED TO BE A VALUABLE TOOL OFFERING SUFFICIENT COMMONALITIES TO STUDY THIS ASPECT. A COMPREHENSIVE COMPENDIUM OF THE MULTIPLE FUNCTIONAL GK ABNORMALITIES SO FAR IDENTIFIED IS PROPOSED IN THIS PERSPECTIVE, TOGETHER WITH THEIR TIME-COURSE AND INTERACTIONS. A SPECIAL FOCUS IS GIVEN TOWARD THE PATHOGENESIS OF DEFECTIVE BETA-CELL NUMBER AND FUNCTION IN THE GK MODEL. IT IS PROPOSED THAT THE DEVELOPMENT OF T2D IN THE GK MODEL RESULTS FROM THE COMPLEX INTERACTION OF MULTIPLE EVENTS: (1) SEVERAL SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI CONTAINING GENES RESPONSIBLE FOR SOME DIABETIC TRAITS; (2) GESTATIONAL METABOLIC IMPAIRMENT INDUCING AN EPIGENETIC PROGRAMMING OF THE OFFSPRING PANCREAS AND THE MAJOR INSULIN TARGET TISSUES; AND (3) ENVIRONMENTALLY INDUCED LOSS OF BETA-CELL DIFFERENTIATION DUE TO CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO HYPERGLYCEMIA/HYPERLIPIDEMIA, INFLAMMATION, AND OXIDATIVE STRESS.	2012