1  1105 148 COMBINED INHIBITION OF HISTONE DEACETYLASES AND BET FAMILY PROTEINS AS EPIGENETIC THERAPY FOR NERVE INJURY-INDUCED NEUROPATHIC PAIN. CURRENT TREATMENTS FOR NEUROPATHIC PAIN HAVE OFTEN MODERATE EFFICACY AND PRESENT UNWANTED EFFECTS SHOWING THE NEED TO DEVELOP EFFECTIVE THERAPIES. ACCUMULATING EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT HISTONE ACETYLATION PLAYS ESSENTIAL ROLES IN CHRONIC PAIN AND THE ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDACS) INHIBITORS IS DOCUMENTED. BROMODOMAIN AND EXTRA-TERMINAL DOMAIN (BET) PROTEINS ARE EPIGENETIC READERS THAT INTERACT WITH ACETYLATED LYSINE RESIDUES ON HISTONES, BUT LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT THEIR IMPLICATION IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN. THUS, THE CURRENT STUDY WAS AIMED TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECT OF THE COMBINATION OF HDAC AND BET INHIBITORS IN THE SPARED NERVE INJURY (SNI) MODEL IN MICE. INTRANASAL ADMINISTRATION OF I-BET762 (BET INHIBITOR) OR SAHA (HDAC INHIBITOR) ATTENUATED THERMAL AND MECHANICAL HYPERSENSITIVITY AND THIS ANTIALLODYNIC ACTIVITY WAS IMPROVED BY CO-ADMINISTRATION OF BOTH DRUGS. SPINAL CORD SECTIONS OF SNI MICE SHOWED AN INCREASED EXPRESSION OF HDAC1 AND BRD4 PROTEINS AND COMBINATION PRODUCED A STRONGER REDUCTION COMPARED TO EACH EPIGENETIC AGENT ALONE. SAHA AND I-BET762, ADMINISTERED ALONE OR IN COMBINATION, COUNTERACTED THE SNI-INDUCED MICROGLIA ACTIVATION BY INHIBITING THE EXPRESSION OF IBA1, CD11B, INDUCIBLE NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE (INOS), THE ACTIVATION OF NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPAB (NF-KAPPAB) AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCER AND ACTIVATOR OF TRANSCRIPTION-1 (STAT1) WITH COMPARABLE EFFICACY. CONVERSELY, THE EPIGENETIC INHIBITORS SHOWED A MODEST EFFECT ON SPINAL PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES CONTENT THAT WAS SIGNIFICANTLY POTENTIATED BY THEIR COMBINATION. PRESENT RESULTS INDICATE A KEY ROLE OF ACETYLATED HISTONES AND THEIR RECRUITMENT BY BET PROTEINS ON MICROGLIA-MEDIATED SPINAL NEUROINFLAMMATION. TARGETING NEUROPATHIC PAIN WITH THE COMBINATION OF HDAC AND BET INHIBITORS MAY REPRESENT A PROMISING NEW THERAPEUTIC OPTION.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
2  3792  31 INTERLEUKIN-1BETA INCREASES THE RISK OF GASTRIC CANCER THROUGH INDUCTION OF ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION IN A MOUSE MODEL. INTERLEUKIN-1BETA (IL-1BETA) HAS A SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN CHRONIC GASTRIC INFLAMMATION AND MANIFESTATIONS OF GASTRIC DISEASES. THE PRESENT STUDY AIMED TO ELUCIDATE THE SPECIFIC ROLE OF IL-1BETA IN INDUCTION OF DNA METHYLATION USING IL-1 RECEPTOR TYPE 1 KNOCKOUT (IL-1R1(-)/(-)) MICE. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, WILD-TYPE (WT) AND IL-1R1(-)/(-) MICE WERE INJECTED WITH IL-1BETA (5 MICROG/KG/DAY). SERUM LEVELS OF IL-1BETA, INTERLEUKIN-6 (IL-6) AND NITRIC OXIDE (NO) WERE MEASURED BY ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT OR NO ASSAYS. E-CADHERIN (E-CAD) METHYLATION STATUS AND MESSENGER (M)RNA EXPRESSION OF IL-1BETA, IL-6, E-CAD AND INDUCIBLE NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE (INOS) WERE ANALYZED. RESULTS FROM THE PRESENT STUDY INDICATED SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER IL-1BETA MRNA EXPRESSION (P<0.001) IN WT MICE COMPARED WITH IL-1R1(-)/(-) MICE. IL-1BETA AND IL-6 RELEASE WAS SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED IN TREATED WT MICE COMPARED WITH IL-1R1(-)/(-) MICE AT 1 H, 4 H AND 8 H (ALL P<0.005). IL-1BETA RELEASE WAS ONLY DETECTED IN WT MICE FOLLOWING A SECOND DOSE MEASURED AT DAY 3, WEEK 1 AND WEEK 2 WHEN COMPARED WITH IL-1R1(-)/(-) MICE. PROMOTER METHYLATION OF E-CAD AND A DECREASE IN GENE EXPRESSION WAS OBSERVED IN TREATED WT MICE. MRNA EXPRESSION OF INOS IN WT MICE WAS SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED AT WEEK 1 COMPARED WITH IL-1R1(-)/(-) MICE (P=0.0411). FURTHERMORE, A SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED LEVEL OF NO PRODUCTION WAS OBSERVED IN TREATED WT MICE (P<0.005 AT 8 H AND WEEK 1; P<0.001 AT 4 H AND DAY 3) WHEN COMPARED WITH IL-1R1(-)/(-) MICE. THE PRESENT RESULTS INDICATED THAT IL-1BETA WAS ABLE TO DIRECTLY INDUCE DNA METHYLATION, WHICH MAY LINK INFLAMMATION-INDUCED EPIGENETIC CHANGES AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF GASTRIC DISEASES.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
3  4582  43 N-TERMINAL BET BROMODOMAIN INHIBITORS DISRUPT A BRD4-P65 INTERACTION AND REDUCE INDUCIBLE NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE TRANSCRIPTION IN PANCREATIC BETA-CELLS. CHRONIC INFLAMMATION OF PANCREATIC ISLETS IS A KEY DRIVER OF BETA-CELL DAMAGE THAT CAN LEAD TO AUTOREACTIVITY AND THE EVENTUAL ONSET OF AUTOIMMUNE DIABETES (T1D). IN THE ISLET, ELEVATED LEVELS OF PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES INDUCE THE TRANSCRIPTION OF THE INDUCIBLE NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE (INOS) GENE, NOS2, ULTIMATELY RESULTING IN INCREASED NITRIC OXIDE (NO). EXCESSIVE OR PROLONGED EXPOSURE TO NO CAUSES BETA-CELL DYSFUNCTION AND FAILURE ASSOCIATED WITH DEFECTS IN MITOCHONDRIAL RESPIRATION. RECENT STUDIES SHOWED THAT INHIBITION OF THE BROMODOMAIN AND EXTRATERMINAL DOMAIN (BET) FAMILY OF PROTEINS, A DRUGGABLE CLASS OF EPIGENETIC READER PROTEINS, PREVENTS THE ONSET AND PROGRESSION OF T1D IN THE NON-OBESE DIABETIC MOUSE MODEL. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT BET PROTEINS CO-ACTIVATE TRANSCRIPTION OF CYTOKINE-INDUCED INFLAMMATORY GENE TARGETS IN BETA-CELLS AND THAT SELECTIVE, CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC INHIBITION OF BET BROMODOMAINS COULD REDUCE SUCH TRANSCRIPTION. HERE, WE INVESTIGATED THE ABILITY OF BET BROMODOMAIN SMALL MOLECULE INHIBITORS TO REDUCE THE BETA-CELL RESPONSE TO THE PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE INTERLEUKIN 1 BETA (IL-1BETA). BET BROMODOMAIN INHIBITION ATTENUATED IL-1BETA-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION OF THE INFLAMMATORY MEDIATOR NOS2 AND CONSEQUENT INOS PROTEIN AND NO PRODUCTION. REDUCED NOS2 TRANSCRIPTION IS CONSISTENT WITH INHIBITION OF NF-KAPPAB FACILITATED BY DISRUPTING THE INTERACTION OF A SINGLE BET FAMILY MEMBER, BRD4, WITH THE NF-KAPPAB SUBUNIT, P65. USING RECENTLY REPORTED SELECTIVE INHIBITORS OF THE FIRST AND SECOND BET BROMODOMAINS, INHIBITION OF ONLY THE FIRST BROMODOMAIN WAS NECESSARY TO REDUCE THE INTERACTION OF BRD4 WITH P65 IN BETA-CELLS. MOREOVER, INHIBITION OF THE FIRST BROMODOMAIN WAS SUFFICIENT TO MITIGATE IL-1BETA-DRIVEN DECREASES IN MITOCHONDRIAL OXYGEN CONSUMPTION RATES AND BETA-CELL VIABILITY. BY IDENTIFYING A ROLE FOR THE INTERACTION BETWEEN BRD4 AND P65 IN CONTROLLING THE RESPONSE OF BETA-CELLS TO PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES, WE PROVIDE MECHANISTIC INFORMATION ON HOW BET BROMODOMAIN INHIBITION CAN DECREASE INFLAMMATION. THESE STUDIES ALSO SUPPORT THE POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION OF MORE SELECTIVE BET BROMODOMAIN INHIBITORS IN ATTENUATING BETA-CELL INFLAMMATION.	2022	
                                                                                                                    
4   428  28 ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF MIODESIN: MODULATION OF INFLAMMATORY MARKERS AND EPIGENETIC EVIDENCE. PURPOSE: TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECTS OF A COMBINED HERBAL MEDICINE MIODESIN ON THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE OF KEY CELLS INVOLVED IN THE ACUTE AND CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES AS WELL AS THE POSSIBLE EPIGENETIC INVOLVEMENT. METHODS: AFTER THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE IC(50) DOSE, THE CHONDROCYTE, KERATINOCYTE, AND MACROPHAGE CELL LINES WERE PRETREATED FOR 2 HOURS WITH MIODESIN (200 MUG/ML) AND STIMULATED WITH LPS (1 MUG/ML) FOR 24 HOURS. THE SUPERNATANT WAS USED TO MEASURE THE LEVELS OF CYTOKINES (IL-1BETA, IL-6, IL-8, AND TNF-ALPHA) AND CHEMOKINES (CCL2, CCL3, AND CCL5), AND THE CELLS WERE USED TO EXTRACT THE MRNA FOR THE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR (NF-KAPPABETA), INFLAMMATORY ENZYMES (COX-1, COX-2, PLA2, AND INOS), AND CHEMOKINES (CCL2, CCL3, AND CCL5). RESULTS: MIODESIN INHIBITED THE RELEASE OF LPS-INDUCED CYTOKINES (IL-1BETA, IL-6, IL-8, AND TNF-ALPHA; P < 0.01) AND CHEMOKINES (CCL2, CCL3, AND CCL5; P < 0.01) AND THE EXPRESSION OF THE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR (NF-KAPPABETA; P < 0.01), INFLAMMATORY ENZYMES (COX-1, COX-2, PLA2, INOS; P < 0.01), AND CHEMOKINES (CCL2, CCL3, AND CCL5; P < 0.01). IN ADDITION, THE EVALUATION OF EPIGENETIC MECHANISM REVEALED THAT MIODESIN DID NOT INDUCE CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION, ASSURING THE GENETIC SAFENESS OF THE COMPOUND IN TERMS OF THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE. CONCLUSIONS: MIODESIN PRESENTS ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES, INHIBITING HYPERACTIVATION OF CHONDROCYTES, KERATINOCYTES, AND MACROPHAGES, INVOLVING EPIGENETICS IN SUCH EFFECTS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
5  1689  84 DUAL HDAC/BRD4 INHIBITORS RELIEVES NEUROPATHIC PAIN BY ATTENUATING INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IN MICROGLIA AFTER SPARED NERVE INJURY. DESPITE THE EFFORT ON DEVELOPING NEW TREATMENTS, THERAPY FOR NEUROPATHIC PAIN IS STILL A CLINICAL CHALLENGE AND COMBINATION THERAPY REGIMES OF TWO OR MORE DRUGS ARE OFTEN NEEDED TO IMPROVE EFFICACY. ACCUMULATING EVIDENCE SHOWS AN ALTERED EXPRESSION AND ACTIVITY OF HISTONE ACETYLATION ENZYMES IN CHRONIC PAIN CONDITIONS AND RESTORATION OF THESE ABERRANT EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS PROMOTES PAIN-RELIEVING ACTIVITY. RECENT STUDIES SHOWED A SYNERGISTIC ACTIVITY IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN MODELS BY COMBINATION OF HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDACS) AND BROMODOMAIN AND EXTRA-TERMINAL DOMAIN (BET) INHIBITORS. ON THESE PREMISES, THE PRESENT STUDY INVESTIGATED THE PHARMACOLOGICAL PROFILE OF NEW DUAL HDAC/BRD4 INHIBITORS, NAMED SUM52 AND SUM35, IN THE SPARED NERVE INJURY (SNI) MODEL IN MICE AS INNOVATIVE STRATEGY TO SIMULTANEOUSLY INHIBIT HDACS AND BETS. INTRANASAL ADMINISTRATION OF SUM52 AND SUM35 ATTENUATED THERMAL AND MECHANICAL HYPERSENSITIVITY IN THE ABSENCE OF LOCOMOTOR SIDE EFFECTS. BOTH DUAL INHIBITORS SHOWED A PREFERENTIAL INTERACTION WITH BRD4-BD2 DOMAIN, AND SUM52 RESULTED THE MOST ACTIVE COMPOUND. SUM52 REDUCED MICROGLIA-MEDIATED SPINAL NEUROINFLAMMATION IN SPINAL CORD SECTIONS OF SNI MICE AS SHOWED BY REDUCTION OF IBA1 IMMUNOSTAINING, INDUCIBLE NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE (INOS) EXPRESSION, P65 NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPAB (NF-KAPPAB) AND P38 MAPK OVER-PHOSPHORYLATION. A ROBUST DECREASE OF THE SPINAL PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES CONTENT (IL-6, IL-1SS) WAS ALSO OBSERVED AFTER SUM52 TREATMENT. PRESENT RESULTS, SHOWING THE PAIN-RELIEVING ACTIVITY OF HDAC/BRD4 DUAL INHIBITORS, INDICATE THAT THE SIMULTANEOUS MODULATION OF BET AND HDAC ACTIVITY BY A SINGLE MOLECULE ACTING AS MULTI-TARGET AGENT MIGHT REPRESENT A PROMISE FOR NEUROPATHIC PAIN RELIEF.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
6  5868  34 SUPPRESSIVE EFFECTS OF METFORMIN ON T-HELPER 1-RELATED CHEMOKINES EXPRESSION IN THE HUMAN MONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA CELL LINE THP-1. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS (DM) ARE CHRONIC T-CELL-MEDIATED INFLAMMATORY DISEASES. METFORMIN IS A WIDELY USED DRUG FOR TYPE 2 DM THAT REDUCES THE NEED FOR INSULIN IN TYPE 1 DM. HOWEVER, WHETHER METFORMIN HAS AN ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT FOR TREATING DM IS UNKNOWN. WE INVESTIGATED THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY MECHANISM OF METFORMIN IN THE HUMAN MONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA CELL LINE THP-1. MATERIALS AND METHODS: THE HUMAN MONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA CELL LINE THP-1 WAS PRETREATED WITH METFORMIN AND STIMULATED WITH LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE (LPS). THE PRODUCTION OF T-HELPER (TH)-1-RELATED CHEMOKINES INCLUDING INTERFERON-GAMMA-INDUCED PROTEIN-10 (IP-10) AND MONOCYTE CHEMOATTRACTANT PROTEIN-1 (MCP-1), TH2-RELATED CHEMOKINE MACROPHAGE-DERIVED CHEMOKINE, AND THE PROINFLAMMATORY CHEMOKINE TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA WAS MEASURED USING ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY. INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING PATHWAYS WERE INVESTIGATED USING WESTERN BLOT ANALYSIS AND CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ASSAY. RESULTS: METFORMIN SUPPRESSED LPS-INDUCED IP-10 AND MCP-1 PRODUCTION AS WELL AS LPS-INDUCED PHOSPHORYLATION OF C-JUN N-TERMINAL KINASE (JNK), P38, EXTRACELLULAR SIGNAL-REGULATED KINASE (ERK), AND NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B (NF-KAPPAB). MOREOVER, METFORMIN SUPPRESSED LPS-INDUCED ACETYLATION OF HISTONES H3 AND H4 AT THE IP-10 PROMOTER. CONCLUSIONS: METFORMIN SUPPRESSED THE PRODUCTION OF TH1-RELATED CHEMOKINES IP-10 AND MCP-1 IN THP-1 CELLS. SUPPRESSIVE EFFECTS OF METFORMIN ON IP-10 PRODUCTION MIGHT BE ATTRIBUTED AT LEAST PARTIALLY TO THE JNK, P38, ERK, AND NF-KAPPAB PATHWAYS AS WELL AS TO EPIGENETIC REGULATION THROUGH THE ACETYLATION OF HISTONES H3 AND H4. THESE RESULTS INDICATED THE THERAPEUTIC ANTI-INFLAMMATORY POTENTIAL OF METFORMIN.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
7  6118  43 THE EPIGENETIC EFFECTS OF ASPIRIN: THE MODIFICATION OF HISTONE H3 LYSINE 27 ACETYLATION IN THE PREVENTION OF COLON CARCINOGENESIS IN AZOXYMETHANE- AND DEXTRAN SULFATE SODIUM-TREATED CF-1 MICE. COLORECTAL CANCER (CRC) IS THE THIRD MOST COMMON CANCER WORLDWIDE. CHRONIC INFLAMMATION APPEARS TO ENHANCE THE RISK OF CRC. EMERGING EVIDENCE HAS SUGGESTED THAT EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN CRC. ASPIRIN [ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID (ASA)] HAS BEEN SHOWN TO PREVENT CRC; HOWEVER, THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS OF ITS ACTION REMAIN UNKNOWN. THIS STUDY INVESTIGATED THE PROTECTIVE ROLE OF ASA IN AZOXYMETHANE (AOM)-INITIATED AND DEXTRAN SULFATE SODIUM (DSS)-PROMOTED COLITIS-ASSOCIATED COLON CANCER (CAC) AND EXAMINED THE EPIGENETIC EFFECTS, PARTICULARLY ON HISTONE 3 LYSINE 27 ACETYLATION (H3K27AC), UNDERLYING THE PREVENTIVE EFFECT OF ASA. CF-1 MICE WERE FED WITH AIN-93M DIET WITH OR WITHOUT 0.02% ASA FROM 1 WEEK PRIOR TO AOM INITIATION UNTIL THE MICE WERE KILLED 20 WEEKS AFTER AOM INJECTION. OUR RESULTS SHOWED THAT AOM/DSS + ASA SIGNIFICANTLY SUPPRESSED INFLAMMATORY COLITIS SYMPTOMS AND TUMOR MULTIPLICITY. AOM/DSS + ASA REDUCED AOM/DSS-INDUCED PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND THE ACTIVITY OF HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDACS) AND GLOBALLY RESTORED H3K27AC. FURTHERMORE, AOM/DSS + ASA INHIBITED AOM/DSS-INDUCED ENRICHMENT OF H3K27AC IN THE PROMOTERS OF INDUCIBLE NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE (INOS), TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA (TNF-ALPHA) AND INTERLEUKIN 6 (IL-6) THAT CORRESPONDED TO THE DRAMATIC SUPPRESSION OF THE MESSENGER RNA (MRNA) AND PROTEIN LEVELS. SURPRISINGLY, NO SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN THE H3K27AC ABUNDANCE IN THE PROSTAGLANDIN-ENDOPEROXIDE SYNTHASE 2 (COX-2) PROMOTERS OR IN THE COX-2 MRNA AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION WERE OBSERVED. COLLECTIVELY, OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT A POTENTIAL NOVEL EPIGENETIC MECHANISM UNDERLIES THE CHEMOPREVENTIVE EFFECTS OF ASA, AND THIS MECHANISM ATTENUATES CAC IN AOM/DSS-INDUCED CF-1 MICE VIA THE INHIBITION OF HDACS AND THE MODIFICATION OF H3K27AC MARKS THAT SUPPRESS INOS, TNF-ALPHA AND IL-6.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
8  3868  47 JMJD6 EXERTS FUNCTION IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN BY REGULATING NF?KAPPAB FOLLOWING PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY IN RATS. TREATMENT OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN (NPP) CONTINUES TO BE A MAJOR CHALLENGE, AND THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS REMAIN TO BE ELUCIDATED. PREVIOUS STUDIES HAVE DEMONSTRATED THAT HISTONE METHYLATION IS IMPORTANT IN SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND MAY AFFECT NUCLEAR FACTOR?KAPPAB (NF?KAPPAB) SIGNALING THROUGH EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. THE PRESENT STUDY AIMED TO INVESTIGATE THE ROLE OF JUMONJI C DOMAIN 6 (JMJD6), A HISTONE DEMETHYLASE, IN A CHRONIC CONSTRICTION INJURY (CCI) MODEL OF NPP. ON THE THIRD DAY POST?CCI SURGERY, A JMJD6 OVEREXPRESSING LENTIVIRAL VECTOR (LV?JMJD6) WAS INTRATHECALLY INJECTED IN THE RATS. MECHANICAL WITHDRAWAL THRESHOLD AND THERMAL WITHDRAWAL LATENCY WERE ASSESSED PRIOR SURGERY AND ON DAYS 3, 7, 10 AND 14 POST?CCI. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT INTRATHECAL INJECTION WITH THE LV?JMJD6 ATTENUATED CCI?INDUCED PAIN FACILITATION. THE EXPRESSION OF JMJD6 WAS LOWER FOLLOWING CCI SURGERY, AND ITS EXPRESSION WAS SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED FOLLOWING INTRATHECAL INJECTION WITH LV?JMJD6, COMPARED WITH LEVELS IN NORMAL SALINE (NS)? AND NEGATIVE CONTROL LENTIVIRAL VECTOR (NC)?TREATED RATS. THE EXPRESSION OF SPINAL NF?KAPPAB PHOSPHORYLATED (P?)P65 SUBUNIT AND ITS DOWNSTREAM PAIN?ASSOCIATED EFFECTORS, INCLUDING INTERLEUKIN 1BETA (IL?1BETA), TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR?ALPHA (TNF?ALPHA) AND VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR (VEGF), WERE INCREASED FOLLOWING CCI SURGERY. INTRATHECAL INJECTION WITH LV?JMJD6 SUPPRESSED ACTIVATION OF THE P?P65 SUBUNIT IN CCI RATS. IN ADDITION, EXPRESSION LEVELS OF ITS DOWNSTREAM EFFECTORS IL?1BETA, TNF?ALPHA AND VEGF WERE ATTENUATED BY INTRATHECAL TREATMENT WITH LV?JMJD6, COMPARED WITH THOSE IN THE NS? AND NC?TREATED CCI RATS. FURTHERMORE, THE JMJD6? AND P65?IMMUNOREACTIVE CELLS OVERLAPPED IN THE SPINAL DORSAL HORN, HOWEVER, CO?IMMUNOPRECIPITATION SHOWED THAT JMJD6 AND THE NF?KAPPAB P65 SUBUNIT DID NOT DIRECTLY INTERACT, INDICATING OTHER FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIONS MAY EXIST BETWEEN THESE FACTORS FOLLOWING CCI SURGERY. COLLECTIVELY, THESE FINDINGS INDICATED AN IMPORTANT MECHANISM UNDERLYING THE PATHOGENESIS OF NPP. JMJD6 MAY EXERT ITS THERAPEUTIC FUNCTION IN NPP BY REGULATING NF?KAPPAB FOLLOWING CCI.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
9  6085  35 THE EFFECTS OF ACARBOSE ON CHEMOKINE AND CYTOKINE PRODUCTION IN HUMAN MONOCYTIC THP-1 CELLS. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: CHRONIC INFLAMMATION INDUCED BY PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AND CHEMOKINES IS POSTULATED TO BE INVOLVED IN INSULIN RESISTANCE AND BETA-CELL DYSFUNCTION IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS (T2DM). ACARBOSE, THE ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITOR, IS AN ORAL ANTIDIABETIC DRUG FOR T2DM. ACARBOSE SUPPRESSES INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE PRODUCTION IN PATIENTS WITH T2DM, THOUGH THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS ARE UNCLEAR. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, WE AIMED TO INVESTIGATE THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS AND THE EXACT MECHANISMS OF ACARBOSE IN HUMAN MONOCYTIC THP-1 CELLS. METHODS: THP-1 CELLS WERE PRETREATED WITH ACARBOSE AND THEN STIMULATED WITH LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE (LPS). THE LEVELS OF TH1-RELATED CHEMOKINES, INCLUDING INTERFERON-GAMMA-INDUCIBLE PROTEIN-10 (IP-10), MONOCYTE CHEMOATTRACTANT PROTEIN-1 (MCP-1), TH2-RELATED CHEMOKINE MACROPHAGE-DERIVED CHEMOKINE (MDC), AND PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA (TNF-ALPHA), WERE DETERMINED BY ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY. INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING PATHWAYS WERE EXPLORED BY WESTERN BLOT ANALYSIS AND USING A CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ASSAY. RESULTS: ACARBOSE SUPPRESSED THE LEVELS OF IP-10, MCP-1, MDC, AND TNF-ALPHA AND DOWNREGULATED PHOSPHORYLATION OF P38, C-JUN N-TERMINAL KINASE (JNK), EXTRACELLULAR SIGNAL-REGULATED KINASE (ERK), AND NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B-P65 (NF-KAPPAB-P65) IN LPS-STIMULATED THP-1 CELLS. ACARBOSE SUPPRESSED LPS-INDUCED ACETYLATION OF HISTONES H3 (H3) AND H4 IN THE IP-10 AND MCP-1 PROMOTER REGIONS. THESE FINDINGS REVEALED THE SUPPRESSIVE EFFECTS OF ACARBOSE ON IP-10, MCP-1, MDC, AND TNF-ALPHA PRODUCTION IN THP-1 CELLS VIA, AT LEAST PARTIALLY, THE P38, JNK, ERK, AND NF-KAPPAB-P65 PATHWAYS, AS WELL AS THROUGH EPIGENETIC REGULATION VIA HISTONE H3 AND H4 ACETYLATION. CONCLUSION: OUR STUDY POINTS TO THE THERAPEUTIC ANTI-INFLAMMATORY POTENTIAL OF ACARBOSE.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
10  5479  31 RESVERATROL ATTENUATES CIGARETTE SMOKE EXTRACT INDUCED CELLULAR SENESCENCE IN HUMAN AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS BY REGULATING THE MIR-34A/SIRT1/NF-KAPPAB PATHWAY. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) IS CHARACTERIZED BY ACCELERATED LUNG AGING. SMOKING IS THE CRITICAL RISK FACTOR FOR COPD. CELLULAR SENESCENCE OF AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS IS THE CYTOLOGICAL BASIS OF ACCELERATED LUNG AGING IN COPD, AND THE REGULATION OF MICRORNAS (MIRNAS) IS THE CENTRAL EPIGENETIC MECHANISM OF CELLULAR SENESCENCE. RESVERATROL (RES) IS A POLYPHENOL WITH ANTI-AGING PROPERTIES. THIS STUDY INVESTIGATED WHETHER RES ATTENUATES CIGARETTE SMOKE EXTRACT (CSE)-INDUCED CELLULAR SENESCENCE IN HUMAN AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS (BEAS-2B) THROUGH THE MIR-34A/SIRT1/NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPAB (NF-KAPPAB) PATHWAY. BEAS-2B CELLS WERE TREATED WITH RES, CSE AND TRANSFECTED WITH MIR-34A-5P MIMICS. CELLULAR SENESCENCE WAS EVALUATED BY SENESCENCE -RELATED BETA-GALACTOSIDASE (SA-BETA-GAL) STAINING AND EXPRESSION OF SENESCENCE-RELATED GENES (P16, P21, AND P53). THE EXPRESSIONS OF MIR-34A-5P, SIRT1, AND NF-KAPPAB P65 WERE EXAMINED USING QUANTITATIVE REAL TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION AND WESTERN BLOTTING. THE SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED SECRETORY PHENOTYPE (SASP) CYTOKINES (IL-1BETA, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-ALPHA) WERE ASSESSED BY ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY. THE BINDING BETWEEN MIR-34A-5P AND SIRT1 WAS CONFIRMED BY DUAL-LUCIFERASE REPORTER ASSAY. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT CSE DOSE-DEPENDENTLY DECREASED CELL VIABILITY AND ELEVATED CELLULAR SENESCENCE, CHARACTERIZED BY INCREASED SA-BETA-GAL STAINING AND SENESCENCE-RELATED GENE EXPRESSIONS (P16, P21, AND P53). FURTHER, CSE DOSE-DEPENDENTLY INCREASED THE EXPRESSION OF MIR-34A-5P AND SASP CYTOKINES (IL-1BETA, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-ALPHA) IN BEAS-2B CELLS. PRETREATMENT WITH RES INHIBITED CSE-INDUCED CELLULAR SENESCENCE AND SECRETION OF SASP CYTOKINES (IL-1BETA, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-ALPHA) IN A DOSE-DEPENDENT MANNER. MOREOVER, RES REVERSED THE CSE-INDUCED DOWN-REGULATION OF SIRT1 AND UP-REGULATION OF MIR-34A-5P AND NF-KAPPAB P65. SIRT1 IS A TARGET OF MIR-34A-5P. OVEREXPRESSION OF MIR-34A-5P VIA TRANSFECTION WITH MIR-34A-5P MIMIC IN BEAS-2B CELLS ATTENUATED THE INHIBITORY EFFECT OF RES ON CELLULAR SENESCENCE, ACCOMPANIED BY REVERSING THE EXPRESSION OF SIRT1 AND NF-KAPPAB P65. IN CONCLUSION, RES ATTENUATED CSE-INDUCED CELLULAR SENESCENCE IN BEAS-2B CELLS BY REGULATING THE MIR-34A/SIRT1/NF-KAPPAB PATHWAY, WHICH MAY PROVIDE A NEW APPROACH FOR COPD TREATMENT.	2022	

11   589  37 BET BROMODOMAIN INHIBITORS SUPPRESS INFLAMMATORY ACTIVATION OF GINGIVAL FIBROBLASTS AND EPITHELIAL CELLS FROM PERIODONTITIS PATIENTS. BET BROMODOMAIN PROTEINS ARE IMPORTANT EPIGENETIC REGULATORS OF GENE EXPRESSION THAT BIND ACETYLATED HISTONE TAILS AND REGULATE THE FORMATION OF ACETYLATION-DEPENDENT CHROMATIN COMPLEXES. BET INHIBITORS SUPPRESS INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES IN MULTIPLE CELL TYPES AND ANIMAL MODELS, AND PROTECT AGAINST BONE LOSS IN EXPERIMENTAL PERIODONTITIS IN MICE. HERE, WE ANALYZED THE ROLE OF BET PROTEINS IN INFLAMMATORY ACTIVATION OF GINGIVAL FIBROBLASTS (GFS) AND GINGIVAL EPITHELIAL CELLS (GECS). WE SHOW THAT THE BET INHIBITORS I-BET151 AND JQ1 SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED EXPRESSION AND/OR PRODUCTION OF DISTINCT, BUT OVERLAPPING, PROFILES OF CYTOKINE-INDUCIBLE MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATION AND BONE RESORPTION IN GFS FROM HEALTHY DONORS (IL6, IL8, IL1B, CCL2, CCL5, COX2, AND MMP3) AND THE GEC LINE TIGK (IL6, IL8, IL1B, CXCL10, MMP9) WITHOUT AFFECTING CELL VIABILITY. ACTIVATION OF MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE AND NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPAB PATHWAYS WAS UNAFFECTED BY I-BET151, AS WAS THE HISTONE ACETYLATION STATUS, AND NEW PROTEIN SYNTHESIS WAS NOT REQUIRED FOR THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF BET INHIBITION. I-BET151 AND JQ1 ALSO SUPPRESSED EXPRESSION OF INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES, CHEMOKINES, AND OSTEOCLASTOGENIC MEDIATORS IN GFS AND TIGKS INFECTED WITH THE KEY PERIODONTAL PATHOGEN PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS. NOTABLY, P. GINGIVALIS INTERNALIZATION AND INTRACELLULAR SURVIVAL IN GFS AND TIGKS REMAINED UNAFFECTED BY BET INHIBITORS. FINALLY, INHIBITION OF BET PROTEINS SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED P. GINGIVALIS-INDUCED INFLAMMATORY MEDIATOR EXPRESSION IN GECS AND GFS FROM PATIENTS WITH PERIODONTITIS. OUR RESULTS DEMONSTRATE THAT BET INHIBITORS MAY BLOCK THE EXCESSIVE INFLAMMATORY MEDIATOR PRODUCTION BY RESIDENT CELLS OF THE GINGIVAL TISSUE AND IDENTIFY THE BET FAMILY OF EPIGENETIC READER PROTEINS AS A POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGET IN THE TREATMENT OF PERIODONTAL DISEASE.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
12  5851  41 SUBEROYLANILIDE HYDROXAMIC ACID TRIGGERS AUTOPHAGY BY INFLUENCING THE MTOR PATHWAY IN THE SPINAL DORSAL HORN IN A RAT NEUROPATHIC PAIN MODEL. HISTONE ACETYLATION LEVELS CAN BE UPREGULATED BY TREATING CELLS WITH HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS (HDACIS), WHICH CAN INDUCE AUTOPHAGY. AUTOPHAGY FLUX IN THE SPINAL CORD OF RATS FOLLOWING THE LEFT FIFTH LUMBER SPINAL NERVE LIGATION (SNL) IS INVOLVED IN THE PROGRESSION OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN. SUBEROYLANILIDE HYDROXAMIC ACID (SAHA), ONE OF THE HDACIS CAN INTERFERE WITH THE EPIGENETIC PROCESS OF HISTONE ACETYLATION, WHICH HAS BEEN SHOWN TO EASE NEUROPATHIC PAIN. RECENT RESEARCH SUGGEST THAT SAHA CAN STIMULATE AUTOPHAGY VIA THE MAMMALIAN TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (MTOR) PATHWAY IN SOME TYPES OF CANCER CELLS. HOWEVER, LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT THE ROLE OF SAHA AND AUTOPHAGY IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN AFTER NERVE INJURY. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, WE AIM TO INVESTIGATE AUTOPHAGY FLUX AND THE ROLE OF THE MTOR PATHWAY ON SPINAL CELLS AUTOPHAGY ACTIVATION IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN INDUCED BY SNL IN RATS THAT RECEIVED SAHA TREATMENT. AUTOPHAGY-RELATED PROTEINS AND MTOR OR ITS ACTIVE FORM WERE ASSESSED BY USING WESTERN BLOT, IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY, DOUBLE IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE STAINING AND TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (TEM). WE FOUND THAT SAHA DECREASED THE PAW MECHANICAL WITHDRAWAL THRESHOLD (PMWT) OF THE LOWER COMPARED WITH SNL. AUTOPHAGY FLUX WAS MAINLY DISRUPTED IN THE ASTROCYTES AND NEURONAL CELLS OF THE SPINAL CORD DORSAL HORN ON POSTSURGICAL DAY 28 AND WAS REVERSED BY DAILY INTRATHECAL INJECTION OF SAHA (N = 100 NMOL/DAY OR N = 200 NMOL/DAY). SAHA ALSO DECREASED MTOR AND PHOSPHORYLATED MTOR (P-MTOR) EXPRESSION, ESPECIALLY P-MTOR EXPRESSION IN ASTROCYTES AND NEURONAL CELLS OF THE SPINAL DORSAL HORN. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT SAHA ATTENUATES NEUROPATHIC PAIN AND CONTRIBUTES TO AUTOPHAGY FLUX IN ASTROCYTES AND NEURONAL CELLS OF THE SPINAL DORSAL HORN VIA THE MTOR SIGNALING PATHWAY.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
13  3832  38 INVOLVEMENT OF SPINAL SIRT1 IN DEVELOPMENT OF CHRONIC CONSTRICTION INJURY INDUCED NEUROPATHIC PAIN IN RATS. IT IS KNOWN THAT THE EPIGENETIC PROCESS OF HISTONE ACETYLATION IS INVOLVED IN THE NEUROPATHIC PAIN. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE WHETHER SIRTUIN TYPE 1 (SIRT1), AN NAD(+) DEPENDENT DEACETYLASE, AFFECTED ALLODYNIA AND HYPERALGESIA IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN. THE NEUROPATHIC PAIN MODEL WAS ESTABLISHED BY LIGATURE OF THE RIGHT SCIATIC NERVE TO INDUCE CHRONIC CONSTRICTION INJURY (CCI) IN RATS. HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE (HAT) ACTIVITY WAS INCREASED AND, AND HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC) ACTIVITY WAS DECLINED IN TISSUE OF THE SPINAL DORSA HORN IN CCI RATES BY MEANS OF ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY (ELISA). THE PERSISTENT HYPERALGESIA AND ALLODYNIA CAUSED BY CCI WERE ASSOCIATED WITH DOWNREGULATION OF SIRT1 AND UPREGULATION OF ACETYLATED-H3 (AC-H3) IN TISSUE OF THE SPINAL CORD BY WESTERN BLOT ASSAY, WHICH WAS REVERSED AFTER INTRATHECAL INJECTION OF SIRT1 AGONIST SRT1720. SRT1720 TREATMENT ACHIEVED ANALGESIC THROUGH INHIBITING THE ACETYLATION OF NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPA B (NF-KAPPAB) AND BLOCKING THE RELEASES OF THE INFLAMMATORY FACTORS INCLUDING TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA (TNF-ALPHA) AND INTERLEUKIN (IL)-6 BY MEANS OF WESTERN BLOT AND REAL-TIME QUANTITATIVE PCR (RT-PCR), RESPECTIVELY. TAKEN TOGETHER, THESE DATA SUGGEST THAT SIRT1 IN THE SPINAL CORD PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE NEUROPATHIC PAIN IN THE RAT MODEL.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
14  2476  31 EPIGENETIC UPREGULATION OF CCL2 AND CCL3 VIA HISTONE MODIFICATIONS IN INFILTRATING MACROPHAGES AFTER PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY. TO GAIN INSIGHT INTO THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF CC-CHEMOKINE LIGAND (CCL) 2 AND CCL3, KEY PLAYERS IN THE PERIPHERAL SENSITIZATION LEADING TO NEUROPATHIC PAIN, WE EXAMINED THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HISTONE H3 MODIFICATION AND THE UPREGULATION OF THESE MOLECULES USING A MOUSE MODEL OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN AFTER PARTIAL SCIATIC NERVE LIGATION (PSL). WE FOUND THAT CIRCUITING BONE MARROW (BM)-DERIVED MACROPHAGES INFILTRATED INTO THE INJURED SCIATIC NERVE (SCN) USING ENHANCED GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN CHIMERIC MICE. THE MRNA LEVELS OF CCL2, CCL3 AND THEIR RECEPTORS (CCR2 AND CCR1/CCR5, RESPECTIVELY) WERE INCREASED IN THE INJURED SCN. CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ASSAY REVEALED THAT LEVELS OF LYSINE 9-ACETYLATED HISTONE H3 (H3K9AC) AND LYSINE 4-TRIMETHYLATED H3 (H3K4ME(3)) IN THE PROMOTER REGIONS OF THE CCL2 AND CCL3 GENES WERE INCREASED IN THE INJURED SCN AFTER PSL, INDICATING THE ENHANCEMENT OF GENE EXPRESSION. IMMUNOREACTIVITY FOR H3K9AC AND H3K4ME(3) WAS LOCALIZED IN THE NUCLEI OF INFILTRATING BM-DERIVED CELLS AND CCL-EXPRESSING CELLS IN THE INJURED SCN. WE OBSERVED H3K9AC AND H3K4ME(3) MAINLY IN THE NUCLEI OF RECRUITED MACROPHAGES ON DAY 7 AFTER PSL. FURTHERMORE, UPREGULATION OF CCLS AND CCRS WERE SUPPRESSED BY HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITOR, ANACARDIC ACID. TAKEN TOGETHER, OUR FINDINGS DEMONSTRATE THAT CCL2 AND CCL3 ARE UPREGULATED IN THE INJURED PERIPHERAL NERVE THROUGH EPIGENETIC HISTONE MODIFICATION IN INFILTRATING IMMUNE CELLS SUCH AS MACROPHAGES. THESE CHEMOKINE CASCADES MAY SUBSEQUENTLY ELICIT CHRONIC NEUROINFLAMMATION FOLLOWING NERVE INJURY.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
15  1945  37 EPIGALLOCATECHIN-3-GALLATE, A HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITOR, INHIBITS EBV-INDUCED B LYMPHOCYTE TRANSFORMATION VIA SUPPRESSION OF RELA ACETYLATION. BECAUSE THE P300/CBP-MEDIATED HYPERACETYLATION OF RELA (P65) IS CRITICAL FOR NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPAB (NF-KAPPAB) ACTIVATION, THE ATTENUATION OF P65 ACETYLATION IS A POTENTIAL MOLECULAR TARGET FOR THE PREVENTION OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATION. DURING OUR ONGOING SCREENING STUDY TO IDENTIFY NATURAL COMPOUNDS WITH HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITOR (HATI) ACTIVITY, WE IDENTIFIED EPIGALLOCATECHIN-3-GALLATE (EGCG) AS A NOVEL HATI WITH GLOBAL SPECIFICITY FOR THE MAJORITY OF HAT ENZYMES BUT WITH NO ACTIVITY TOWARD EPIGENETIC ENZYMES INCLUDING HDAC, SIRT1, AND HMTASE. AT A DOSE OF 100 MICROMOL/L, EGCG ABROGATES P300-INDUCED P65 ACETYLATION IN VITRO AND IN VIVO, INCREASES THE LEVEL OF CYTOSOLIC IKAPPABALPHA, AND SUPPRESSES TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA (TNFALPHA)-INDUCED NF-KAPPAB ACTIVATION. WE ALSO SHOWED THAT EGCG PREVENTS TNFALPHA-INDUCED P65 TRANSLOCATION TO THE NUCLEUS, CONFIRMING THAT HYPERACETYLATION IS CRITICAL FOR NF-KAPPAB TRANSLOCATION AS WELL AS ACTIVITY. FURTHERMORE, EGCG TREATMENT INHIBITED THE ACETYLATION OF P65 AND THE EXPRESSION OF NF-KAPPAB TARGET GENES IN RESPONSE TO DIVERSE STIMULI. FINALLY, EGCG REDUCED THE BINDING OF P300 TO THE PROMOTER REGION OF INTERLEUKIN-6 GENE WITH AN INCREASED RECRUITMENT OF HDAC3, WHICH HIGHLIGHTS THE IMPORTANCE OF THE BALANCE BETWEEN HATS AND HISTONE DEACETYLASES IN THE NF-KAPPAB-MEDIATED INFLAMMATORY SIGNALING PATHWAY. IMPORTANTLY, EGCG AT 50 MICROMOL/L DOSE COMPLETELY BLOCKS EBV INFECTION-INDUCED CYTOKINE EXPRESSION AND SUBSEQUENTLY THE EBV-INDUCED B LYMPHOCYTE TRANSFORMATION. THESE RESULTS SHOW THE CRUCIAL ROLE OF ACETYLATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFLAMMATORY-RELATED DISEASES.	2009	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
16  5043  37 PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS OF CURCUMIN IN REGULATING ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND EPIGENETIC GENE EXPRESSION. CHRONIC INFLAMMATION IS A KEY DRIVER OF CANCER DEVELOPMENT. NITRITE LEVELS, WHICH ARE REGULATED BY INDUCIBLE NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE (INOS), PLAY A CRITICAL ROLE IN INFLAMMATION. WHILE THE ANTI-OXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF CURCUMIN, A NATURAL PRODUCT PRESENT IN THE ROOTS OF CURCUMA LONGA HAVE BEEN STUDIED WIDELY, THE ACUTE PHARMACOKINETICS (PK) AND PHARMACODYNAMICS (PD) OF CURCUMIN IN SUPPRESSING PRO-INFLAMMATORY MARKERS AND EPIGENETIC MODULATORS REMAIN UNCLEAR. THIS STUDY EVALUATED THE PK AND PD OF CURCUMIN-INDUCED SUPPRESSION OF LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE (LPS)-MEDIATED INFLAMMATION IN RAT LYMPHOCYTES. LPS WAS ADMINISTERED INTRAVENOUSLY EITHER ALONE OR WITH CURCUMIN TO FEMALE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS. PLASMA SAMPLES WERE ANALYSED FOR CURCUMIN CONCENTRATION AND MRNA EXPRESSION WAS QUANTIFIED IN LYMPHOCYTES. THE RELATIVE GENE EXPRESSION OF SEVERAL INFLAMMATORY AND EPIGENETIC MODULATORS WAS ANALYSED. TO INVESTIGATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CURCUMIN CONCENTRATION AND INOS, TNF-ALPHA, AND IL-6 GENE EXPRESSION, PK/PD MODELING USING JUSKO'S INDIRECT RESPONSE MODEL (IDR) INTEGRATING TRANSIT COMPARTMENTS (TC) DESCRIBING THE DELAYED RESPONSE WAS CONDUCTED. THE CONCENTRATION-TIME PROFILE OF CURCUMIN EXHIBITED A BI-EXPONENTIAL DECLINE, WHICH WAS WELL DESCRIBED BY A TWO-COMPARTMENTAL PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL. IMPORTANTLY THE RESULTS DEMONSTRATE THAT LPS INDUCED GENE EXPRESSION OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY MARKERS IN LYMPHOCYTES, WITH PEAK EXPRESSION AT APPROXIMATELY 3 H AND CURCUMIN SUPPRESSED THE GENE EXPRESSION IN ANIMALS ADMINISTERED WITH LPS. THESE EFFECTS WERE WELL CAPTURED USING THE IDR MODEL AND AN IDR MODEL WITH THE TRANSIT COMPARTMENTS. IN SUMMARY, THE PK/PD MODELING APPROACH COULD POTENTIALLY PROVIDE A ROBUST QUANTITATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR EVALUATING THE ACUTE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND EPIGENETIC EFFECTS OF CURCUMIN IN FUTURE CLINICAL TRIALS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
17  3204  42 HDAC3 REGULATES GINGIVAL FIBROBLAST INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES IN PERIODONTITIS. HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDACS) ARE IMPORTANT REGULATORS OF GENE EXPRESSION THAT ARE ABERRANTLY REGULATED IN SEVERAL INFLAMMATORY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES. HDAC INHIBITORS (HDACI) SUPPRESS INFLAMMATORY ACTIVATION OF VARIOUS CELL TYPES THROUGH EPIGENETIC AND NON-EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS, AND AMELIORATE PATHOLOGY IN A MOUSE MODEL OF PERIODONTITIS. ACTIVATION OF GINGIVAL FIBROBLASTS (GFS) SIGNIFICANTLY CONTRIBUTES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF PERIODONTITIS AND THE ANAEROBIC BACTERIUM PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS PLAYS A KEY ROLE IN DRIVING CHRONIC INFLAMMATION. HERE, WE ANALYZED THE ROLE OF HDACS IN INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES OF GFS. PAN-HDACI SUBEROYLANILIDE HYDROXAMIC ACID (SAHA) AND/OR ITF2357 (GIVINOSTAT) SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED TNFALPHA- AND P. GINGIVALIS-INDUCIBLE EXPRESSION AND/OR PRODUCTION OF A CLUSTER OF INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS IN HEALTHY DONOR GFS (IL1B, CCL2, CCL5, CXCL10, COX2, AND MMP3) WITHOUT AFFECTING CELL VIABILITY. SELECTIVE INHIBITION OF HDAC3/6, BUT NOT SPECIFIC HDAC1, HDAC6, OR HDAC8 INHIBITION, REPRODUCED THE SUPPRESSIVE EFFECTS OF PAN-HDACI ON THE INFLAMMATORY GENE EXPRESSION PROFILE INDUCED BY TNFALPHA AND P. GINGIVALIS, SUGGESTING A CRITICAL ROLE FOR HDAC3 IN GF INFLAMMATORY ACTIVATION. CONSISTENTLY, SILENCING OF HDAC3 EXPRESSION WITH SIRNA LARGELY RECAPITULATED THE EFFECTS OF HDAC3/6I ON MRNA LEVELS OF INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS IN P. GINGIVALIS-INFECTED GFS. IN CONTRAST, P. GINGIVALIS INTERNALIZATION AND INTRACELLULAR SURVIVAL IN GFS REMAINED UNAFFECTED BY HDACI. ACTIVATION OF MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES AND NFKAPPAB SIGNALING WAS UNAFFECTED BY GLOBAL OR HDAC3/6-SELECTIVE HDACI, AND NEW PROTEIN SYNTHESIS WAS NOT REQUIRED FOR GENE SUPPRESSION BY HDACI. FINALLY, PAN-HDACI AND HDAC3/6I SUPPRESSED P. GINGIVALIS-INDUCED EXPRESSION OF IL1B, CCL2, CCL5, CXCL10, MMP1, AND MMP3 IN GFS FROM PATIENTS WITH PERIODONTITIS. OUR RESULTS IDENTIFY HDAC3 AS AN IMPORTANT REGULATOR OF INFLAMMATORY GENE EXPRESSION IN GFS AND SUGGEST THAT THERAPEUTIC TARGETING OF HDAC ACTIVITY, IN PARTICULAR HDAC3, MAY BE CLINICALLY BENEFICIAL IN SUPPRESSING INFLAMMATION IN PERIODONTAL DISEASE.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
18  6456  29 THYMOSIN BETA4 PREVENTS OXIDATIVE STRESS, INFLAMMATION, AND FIBROSIS IN ETHANOL- AND LPS-INDUCED LIVER INJURY IN MICE. THYMOSIN BETA 4 (TBETA4), AN ACTIN-SEQUESTERING PROTEIN, IS INVOLVED IN TISSUE DEVELOPMENT AND REGENERATION. IT PREVENTS INFLAMMATION AND FIBROSIS IN SEVERAL TISSUES. WE INVESTIGATED THE ROLE OF TBETA4 IN CHRONIC ETHANOL- AND ACUTE LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE- (LPS-) INDUCED MOUSE LIVER INJURY. C57BL/6 MICE WERE FED 5% ETHANOL IN LIQUID DIET FOR 4 WEEKS PLUS BINGE ETHANOL (5 G/KG, GAVAGE) WITH OR WITHOUT LPS (2 MG/KG, INTRAPERITONEAL) FOR 6 HOURS. TBETA4 (1 MG/KG, INTRAPERITONEAL) WAS ADMINISTERED FOR 1 WEEK. WE DEMONSTRATED THAT TBETA4 PREVENTED ETHANOL- AND LPS-MEDIATED INCREASE IN LIVER INJURY MARKERS AS WELL AS CHANGES IN LIVER PATHOLOGY. IT ALSO PREVENTED ETHANOL- AND LPS-MEDIATED INCREASE IN OXIDATIVE STRESS BY DECREASING ROS AND LIPID PEROXIDATION AND INCREASING THE ANTIOXIDANTS, REDUCED GLUTATHIONE AND MANGANESE-DEPENDENT SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE. IT ALSO PREVENTED THE ACTIVATION OF NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPA B BY BLOCKING THE PHOSPHORYLATION OF THE INHIBITORY PROTEIN, IKAPPAB, THEREBY PREVENTED PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE PRODUCTION. MOREOVER, TBETA4 PREVENTED FIBROGENESIS BY SUPPRESSING THE EPIGENETIC REPRESSOR, METHYL-CPG-BINDING PROTEIN 2, THAT COORDINATELY REVERSED THE EXPRESSION OF PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-GAMMA AND DOWNREGULATED FIBROGENIC GENES, PLATELET-DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR-BETA RECEPTOR, ALPHA-SMOOTH MUSCLE ACTIN, COLLAGEN 1, AND FIBRONECTIN, RESULTING IN REDUCED FIBROSIS. OUR DATA SUGGEST THAT TBETA4 HAS ANTIOXIDANT, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, AND ANTIFIBROTIC POTENTIAL DURING ALCOHOLIC LIVER INJURY.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
19  5480  41 RESVERATROL REVERSES MORPHINE-INDUCED NEUROINFLAMMATION IN MORPHINE-TOLERANT RATS BY REVERSAL HDAC1 EXPRESSION. BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: WE PREVIOUSLY SHOWED THAT SUBSEQUENT INTRATHECAL (I.T.) INJECTION OF RESVERATROL (30 MUG) SIGNIFICANTLY REVERSES MORPHINE-EVOKED NEUROINFLAMMATION IN MORPHINE-TOLERANT RATS. THE PRESENT STUDY EXAMINED THE UNDERLYING MECHANISM. METHODS: MALE WISTAR RATS WERE IMPLANTED WITH TWO I.T. CATHETERS, ONE OF WHICH WAS CONNECTED TO A MINIOSMOTIC PUMP AND USED FOR MORPHINE (15 MUG/H) OR SALINE INFUSION FOR 120 HOURS. TO EXAMINE THE EFFECTS ON SPINAL CORD EXPRESSION OF HISTONE DEACETYLASE 1 (HDAC1), THE INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA (TNF-ALPHA), AND TNF RECEPTOR (TNFR) 1 AND TNFR2 DURING TOLERANCE INDUCTION, A TAIL-FLICK TEST WAS PERFORMED PRIOR TO INFUSION AND AFTER 24 HOURS, 48 HOURS, 72 HOURS, 96 HOURS, AND 120 HOURS OF INFUSION. RESULTS: RESVERATROL TREATMENT PRIOR TO MORPHINE CHALLENGE RESTORED THE ANTINOCICEPTIVE EFFECT OF MORPHINE IN MORPHINE-TOLERANT RATS AND REVERSED THE MORPHINE INFUSION-INDUCED INCREASE IN HDAC1, TNF-ALPHA, AND TNFR1 EXPRESSION. MOREOVER, CHRONIC MORPHINE INFUSION INCREASED TNFR1-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION IN NEURON IN MORPHINE-TOLERANT RAT SPINAL CORDS, AND THIS EFFECT WAS ALMOST COMPLETELY INHIBITED BY RESVERATROL TREATMENT PRIOR TO MORPHINE CHALLENGE. CONCLUSION: RESVERATROL RESTORES THE ANTINOCICEPTIVE EFFECT OF MORPHINE BY REVERSING MORPHINE INFUSION-INDUCED SPINAL CORD NEUROINFLAMMATION AND INCREASE IN TNFR1 EXPRESSION. THE REVERSAL OF THE MORPHINE-INDUCED INCREASE IN TNFR1 EXPRESSION BY RESVERATROL IS PARTIALLY DUE TO REVERSAL OF THE MORPHINE INFUSION-INDUCED INCREASE IN HDAC1 EXPRESSION. RESVERATROL PRETREATMENT CAN BE USED AS AN ADJUVANT IN CLINICAL PAIN MANAGEMENT FOR PATIENTS WHO NEED LONG-TERM MORPHINE TREATMENT OR WITH NEUROPATHIC PAIN.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
20   532  28 ASTROCYTIC C-JUN N-TERMINAL KINASE-HISTONE DEACETYLASE-2 CASCADE CONTRIBUTES TO GLUTAMATE TRANSPORTER-1 DECREASE AND MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA FOLLOWING PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY IN RATS. DECREASE OF GLUTAMATE TRANSPORTER-1 (GLT-1) IN THE SPINAL DORSAL HORN AFTER NERVE INJURY INDUCES ENHANCED EXCITATORY TRANSMISSION AND CAUSES PERSISTENT PAIN. HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDACS)-CATALYZED DEACETYLATION MIGHT CONTRIBUTE TO THE DECREASE OF GLT-1, WHILE THE DETAILED MECHANISMS HAVE YET TO BE FULLY ELABORATED. SPINAL NERVE LIGATION (SNL) INDUCED SIGNIFICANT INCREASES OF HDAC2 AND DECREASES OF GLT-1 IN SPINAL ASTROCYTES. INTRATHECAL INFUSION OF THE HDAC2 INHIBITORS ATTENUATED THE DECREASE OF GLT-1 AND ENHANCED PHOSPHORYLATION OF GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS. GLT-1 AND PHOSPHORYLATED C-JUN N-TERMINAL KINASE (JNK) WERE HIGHLY COLOCALIZED IN THE SPINAL CORD, AND A LARGE NUMBER OF PJNK POSITIVE CELLS WERE HDAC2 POSITIVE. INTRATHECALLY INFUSION OF THE JNK INHIBITOR SP600125 SIGNIFICANTLY INHIBITED SNL-INDUCED UPREGULATION OF HDAC2. SNL-INDUCED HDAC2 UP-REGULATION COULD BE INHIBITED BY THE NEUTRALIZING ANTI-TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA (TNF-ALPHA) BINDING PROTEIN ETANERCEPT OR THE MICROGLIAL INHIBITOR MINOCYCLINE. IN CULTURED ASTROCYTES, TNF-ALPHA INDUCED ENHANCED PHOSPHORYLATION OF JNK AND A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE OF HDAC2, AS WELL AS A REMARKABLE DECREASE OF GLT-1, WHICH COULD BE PREVENTED BY SP600125 OR THE HDAC2 SPECIFIC INHIBITOR CAY10683. OUR DATA SUGGEST THAT ASTROCYTIC JNK-HDAC2 CASCADE CONTRIBUTES TO GLT-1 DECREASE AND MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA FOLLOWING PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY. NEUROIMMUNE ACTIVATION AFTER PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY COULD INDUCE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION CHANGES IN ASTROCYTES AND CONTRIBUTE TO CHRONIC PAIN MAINTENANCE.	2021