1  2769 167 EXTENDED DOSING WITH CC-486 (ORAL AZACITIDINE) IN PATIENTS WITH MYELOID MALIGNANCIES. CC-486 (ORAL AZACITIDINE) IS AN EPIGENETIC MODIFIER IN CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT FOR TREATMENT OF HEMATOLOGICAL CANCERS. THIS STUDY OF EXTENDED CC-486 DOSING INCLUDED PATIENTS WITH MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES (MDSS), CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CMML), OR ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA (AML). AFTER A PHARMACOKINETIC ASSESSMENT PERIOD, 31 PATIENTS (MDS N = 18, CMML N = 4, AND AML N = 9) ENTERED A CLINICAL PHASE IN WHICH THEY RECEIVED CC-486 300 MG ONCE-DAILY FOR 21 DAYS OF REPEATED 28-DAY CYCLES. MEDIAN AGE WAS 71 YEARS (RANGE: 53-93); 42% OF PATIENTS WERE AGED >/=75 YEARS. A TOTAL OF 5 PATIENTS WITH AML (63%) HAD PRIOR MDS. MEDIAN NUMBER OF CC-486 TREATMENT CYCLES WAS 4 (RANGE: 1-32). THE MOST COMMON TREATMENT-EMERGENT ADVERSE EVENTS (TEAES) WERE GASTROINTESTINAL (84% OF PATIENTS) AND HEMATOLOGIC (81%). MOST COMMON GRADE 3-4 TEAES WERE NEUTROPENIA (N = 13, 42%) AND ANEMIA (N = 9, 29%). TEN PATIENTS EXPERIENCED GRADE 4 NEUTROPENIA. INFREQUENTLY, CC-486 DOSE WAS INTERRUPTED OR REDUCED DUE TO GASTROINTESTINAL (N = 5, 16%) OR HEMATOLOGIC (N = 6, 19%) TEAES. OVERALL RESPONSE RATE (COMPLETE REMISSION [CR], CR WITH INCOMPLETE HEMATOLOGICAL RECOVERY [CRI], PARTIAL REMISSION [PR], MARROW CR) IN THE MDS/CMML SUBGROUPS WAS 32% AND IN THE AML SUBGROUP (CR/CRI/PR) WAS 22%. RED BLOOD CELL TRANSFUSION INDEPENDENCE RATES IN THE MDS/CMML AND AML SUBGROUPS WERE 33% AND 25%, RESPECTIVELY, AND 2 MDS/CMML PATIENTS ATTAINED HEMATOLOGIC IMPROVEMENT AS A BEST RESPONSE ON-STUDY. NO BASELINE GENE MUTATION WAS PREDICTIVE OF RESPONSE/NONRESPONSE. CC-486 ALLOWS FLEXIBLE DOSING AND SCHEDULES TO IMPROVE TOLERABILITY OR RESPONSE. NEUTROPENIA IN EARLY TREATMENT CYCLES DESERVES SCRUTINY AND MAY WARRANT INITIATION OF PROPHYLACTIC ANTIBIOTICS. KEY POINTS: THE SAFETY PROFILE OF ORAL CC-486 WAS COMPARABLE TO THAT OF INJECTABLE AZACITIDINE; MOST ADVERSE EVENTS WERE HEMATOLOGICAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL. EXTENDED (21-DAY/CYCLE) CC-486 DOSING INDUCED RESPONSES IN PATIENTS WITH HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES, MANY OF WHOM HAD PRIOR DNMTI FAILURE.	2018	

2   765  70 CC-486 MAINTENANCE AFTER STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA OR MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES. RELAPSE IS THE MAIN CAUSE OF TREATMENT FAILURE AFTER ALLOGENEIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANT (ALLOSCT) IN ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA (AML) AND MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES (MDS). INJECTABLE AZACITIDINE CAN IMPROVE POST-TRANSPLANT OUTCOMES BUT PRESENTS CHALLENGES WITH EXPOSURE AND COMPLIANCE. ORAL CC-486 ALLOWS EXTENDED DOSING TO PROLONG AZACITIDINE ACTIVITY. WE INVESTIGATED USE OF CC-486 MAINTENANCE THERAPY AFTER ALLOSCT. ADULTS WITH MDS OR AML IN MORPHOLOGIC COMPLETE REMISSION AT CC-486 INITIATION (42 TO 84 DAYS AFTER ALLOSCT) WERE INCLUDED. PATIENTS RECEIVED 1 OF 4 CC-486 DOSING SCHEDULES PER 28-DAY CYCLE FOR UP TO 12 CYCLES. ENDPOINTS INCLUDED SAFETY, PHARMACOKINETICS, GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE (GVHD) INCIDENCE, RELAPSE/PROGRESSION RATE, AND SURVIVAL. OF 30 PATIENTS, 7 RECEIVED CC-486 ONCE DAILY FOR 7 DAYS PER CYCLE (200 MG, N = 3; 300 MG, N = 4) AND 23 FOR 14 DAYS PER CYCLE (150 MG, N = 4; 200 MG, N = 19 [EXPANSION COHORT]). GRADES 3 TO 4 ADVERSE EVENTS WERE INFREQUENT AND OCCURRED WITH SIMILAR FREQUENCY ACROSS REGIMENS. STANDARD CONCOMITANT MEDICATIONS DID NOT ALTER CC-486 PHARMACOKINETIC PARAMETERS. THREE PATIENTS (10%) EXPERIENCED GRADE III ACUTE GVHD AND 9 EXPERIENCED CHRONIC GVHD. OF 28 EVALUABLE PATIENTS, 6 (21%) RELAPSED OR HAD PROGRESSIVE DISEASE: 3 OF 7 PATIENTS (43%) WHO HAD RECEIVED 7-DAY DOSING AND 3 OF 23 (13%) WHO HAD RECEIVED 14-DAY DOSING. TRANSPLANT-RELATED MORTALITY WAS 3%. AT 19 MONTHS OF FOLLOW-UP, MEDIAN OVERALL SURVIVAL WAS NOT REACHED. ESTIMATED 1-YEAR SURVIVAL RATES WERE 86% AND 81% IN THE 7-DAY AND 14-DAY DOSING COHORTS, RESPECTIVELY. CC-486 MAINTENANCE WAS GENERALLY WELL TOLERATED, WITH LOW RATES OF RELAPSE, DISEASE PROGRESSION, AND GVHD. CC-486 MAINTENANCE MAY PERMIT EPIGENETIC MANIPULATION OF THE ALLOREACTIVE RESPONSE POSTALLOGRAFT. FINDINGS REQUIRE CONFIRMATION IN RANDOMIZED TRIALS. (CLINICALTRIALS.GOV NCT01835587.).	2018	
                                                                                                                         
3   569  33 BCOR AND BCORL1 MUTATIONS IN MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES AND RELATED DISORDERS. PATIENTS WITH LOW-RISK MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES (MDS) THAT RAPIDLY PROGRESS TO ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA (AML) REMAIN A CHALLENGE IN DISEASE MANAGEMENT. USING WHOLE-EXOME SEQUENCING OF AN MDS PATIENT, WE IDENTIFIED A SOMATIC MUTATION IN THE BCOR GENE ALSO MUTATED IN AML. SEQUENCING OF BCOR AND RELATED BCORL1 GENES IN A COHORT OF 354 MDS PATIENTS IDENTIFIED 4.2% AND 0.8% OF MUTATIONS RESPECTIVELY. BCOR MUTATIONS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH RUNX1 (P = .002) AND DNMT3A MUTATIONS (P = .015). BCOR IS ALSO MUTATED IN CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA PATIENTS (7.4%) AND BCORL1 IN AML PATIENTS WITH MYELODYSPLASIA-RELATED CHANGES (9.1%). USING DEEP SEQUENCING, WE SHOW THAT BCOR MUTATIONS ARISE AFTER MUTATIONS AFFECTING GENES INVOLVED IN SPLICING MACHINERY OR EPIGENETIC REGULATION. IN UNIVARIATE ANALYSIS, BCOR MUTATIONS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH POOR PROGNOSIS IN MDS (OVERALL SURVIVAL [OS]: P = .013; CUMULATIVE INCIDENCE OF AML TRANSFORMATION: P = .005). MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS INCLUDING AGE, INTERNATIONAL PROGNOSTIC SCORING SYSTEM, TRANSFUSION DEPENDENCY, AND MUTATIONAL STATUS CONFIRMED A SIGNIFICANT INFERIOR OS TO PATIENTS WITH A BCOR MUTATION (HAZARD RATIO, 3.3; 95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL, 1.4-8.1; P = .008). THESE DATA SUGGEST THAT BCOR MUTATIONS DEFINE THE CLINICAL COURSE RATHER THAN DISEASE INITIATION. DESPITE INFREQUENT MUTATIONS, BCOR ANALYSES SHOULD BE CONSIDERED IN RISK STRATIFICATION.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
4  5044  55 PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS WITH EXTENDED DOSING OF CC-486 IN PATIENTS WITH HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCIES. CC-486 (ORAL AZACITIDINE) IS AN EPIGENETIC MODIFIER IN DEVELOPMENT FOR PATIENTS WITH MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES AND ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA. IN PART 1 OF THIS TWO-PART STUDY, A 7-DAY CC-486 DOSING SCHEDULE SHOWED CLINICAL ACTIVITY, WAS GENERALLY WELL TOLERATED, AND REDUCED DNA METHYLATION. EXTENDING DOSING OF CC-486 BEYOND 7 DAYS WOULD INCREASE DURATION OF AZACITIDINE EXPOSURE. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT EXTENDED DOSING WOULD THEREFORE PROVIDE MORE SUSTAINED EPIGENETIC ACTIVITY. REPORTED HERE ARE THE PHARMACOKINETIC (PK) AND PHARMACODYNAMIC (PD) PROFILES OF CC-486 EXTENDED DOSING SCHEDULES IN PATIENTS WITH MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES (MDS), CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CMML) OR ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA (AML) FROM PART 2 OF THIS STUDY. PK AND/OR PD DATA WERE AVAILABLE FOR 59 PATIENTS WHO WERE SEQUENTIALLY ASSIGNED TO 1 OF 4 EXTENDED CC-486 DOSING SCHEDULES: 300MG ONCE-DAILY OR 200MG TWICE-DAILY FOR 14 OR 21 DAYS PER 28-DAY CYCLE. BOTH 300MG ONCE-DAILY SCHEDULES AND THE 200MG TWICE-DAILY 21-DAY SCHEDULE SIGNIFICANTLY (ALL P < .05) REDUCED GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION IN WHOLE BLOOD AT ALL MEASURED TIME POINTS (DAYS 15, 22, AND 28 OF THE TREATMENT CYCLE), WITH SUSTAINED HYPOMETHYLATION AT CYCLE END COMPARED WITH BASELINE. CC-486 EXPOSURES AND REDUCED DNA METHYLATION WERE SIGNIFICANTLY CORRELATED. PATIENTS WHO HAD A HEMATOLOGIC RESPONSE HAD SIGNIFICANTLY GREATER METHYLATION REDUCTIONS THAN NON-RESPONDING PATIENTS. THESE DATA DEMONSTRATE THAT EXTENDED DOSING OF CC-486 SUSTAINS EPIGENETIC EFFECTS THROUGH THE TREATMENT CYCLE. TRIAL REGISTRATION: CLINICALTRIALS.GOV NCT00528983.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
5  5246  33 PROGNOSTIC SCORE INCLUDING GENE MUTATIONS IN CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. PURPOSE: SEVERAL PROGNOSTIC SCORING SYSTEMS HAVE BEEN PROPOSED FOR CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CMML), A DISEASE IN WHICH SOME GENE MUTATIONS-INCLUDING ASXL1-HAVE BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH POOR PROGNOSIS IN UNIVARIABLE ANALYSES. WE DEVELOPED AND VALIDATED A PROGNOSTIC SCORE FOR OVERALL SURVIVAL (OS) BASED ON MUTATIONAL STATUS AND STANDARD CLINICAL VARIABLES. PATIENTS AND METHODS: WE GENOTYPED ASXL1 AND UP TO 18 OTHER GENES INCLUDING EPIGENETIC (TET2, EZH2, IDH1, IDH2, DNMT3A), SPLICING (SF3B1, SRSF2, ZRSF2, U2AF1), TRANSCRIPTION (RUNX1, NPM1, TP53), AND SIGNALING (NRAS, KRAS, CBL, JAK2, FLT3) REGULATORS IN 312 PATIENTS WITH CMML. GENOTYPES AND CLINICAL VARIABLES WERE INCLUDED IN A MULTIVARIABLE COX MODEL OF OS VALIDATED BY BOOTSTRAPPING. A SCORING SYSTEM WAS DEVELOPED USING REGRESSION COEFFICIENTS FROM THIS MODEL. RESULTS: ASXL1 MUTATIONS (P < .0001) AND, TO A LESSER EXTENT, SRSF2 (P = .03), CBL (P = .003), AND IDH2 (P = .03) MUTATIONS PREDICTED INFERIOR OS IN UNIVARIABLE ANALYSIS. THE RETAINED INDEPENDENT PROGNOSTIC FACTORS INCLUDED ASXL1 MUTATIONS, AGE OLDER THAN 65 YEARS, WBC COUNT GREATER THAN 15 X10(9)/L, PLATELET COUNT LESS THAN 100 X10(9)/L, AND ANEMIA (HEMOGLOBIN < 10 G/DL IN FEMALE PATIENTS, < 11G/DL IN MALE PATIENTS). THE RESULTING FIVE-PARAMETER PROGNOSTIC SCORE DELINEATED THREE GROUPS OF PATIENTS WITH MEDIAN OS NOT REACHED, 38.5 MONTHS, AND 14.4 MONTHS, RESPECTIVELY (P < .0001), AND WAS VALIDATED IN AN INDEPENDENT COHORT OF 165 PATIENTS (P < .0001). CONCLUSION: A NEW PROGNOSTIC SCORE INCLUDING ASXL1 STATUS, AGE, HEMOGLOBIN, WBC, AND PLATELET COUNTS DEFINES THREE GROUPS OF CMML PATIENTS WITH DISTINCT OUTCOMES. BASED ON CONCORDANCE ANALYSIS, THIS SCORE APPEARS MORE DISCRIMINATIVE THAN THOSE BASED SOLELY ON CLINICAL PARAMETERS.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
6  5911  30 TARGETED NEXT-GENERATION SEQUENCING IN MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME AND CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA AIDS DIAGNOSIS IN CHALLENGING CASES AND IDENTIFIES FREQUENT SPLICEOSOME MUTATIONS IN TRANSFORMED ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA. OBJECTIVES: OPTIMAL INTEGRATION OF NEXT-GENERATION SEQUENCING (NGS) INTO CLINICAL PRACTICE IN HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCIES REMAINS UNCLEAR. WE EVALUATE THE UTILITY OF NGS IN MYELOID MALIGNANCIES. METHODS: A 42-GENE PANEL WAS USED TO SEQUENCE 109 CASES OF MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME (MDS, N = 38), CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CMML, N = 14), MYELOPROLIFERATIVE NEOPLASM (MPN, N = 24), AND MDS AND/OR MPN TRANSFORMED TO ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA (AML, N = 33). RESULTS: AT LEAST ONE PATHOGENIC MUTATION WAS IDENTIFIED IN 74% OF CASES OF MDS, 100% OF CMMLS, AND 96% OF MPNS. IN CONTRAST, ONLY 47% OF CASES OF MDS (18/38) AND 7% (1/14) OF CMMLS EXHIBITED ABNORMAL CYTOGENETICS. IN DIAGNOSTICALLY DIFFICULT CASES OF MDS OR CMML WITH NORMAL CYTOGENETICS, NGS IDENTIFIED A PATHOGENIC MUTATION AND WAS CRITICAL IN ESTABLISHING THE CORRECT DIAGNOSIS. SPLICEOSOMAL GENES AND EPIGENETIC MODIFIERS WERE FREQUENTLY MUTATED. SPLICEOSOME MUTATIONS WERE ALSO FREQUENTLY DETECTED IN AML ARISING FROM MDS, CMML, OR MPN (39%) COMPARED WITH THE REPORTED RATE IN DE NOVO AML (7%-14%). CONCLUSIONS: IN DIFFICULT CASES OF MDS OR MPN, NGS FACILITATES DIAGNOSIS BY DETECTION OF GENE MUTATIONS TO CONFIRM CLONALITY, AND AMLS EVOLVING FROM MDS OR MPN CARRY FREQUENT MUTATIONS IN SPLICEOSOMAL GENES.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
7  4553  34 MUTATIONAL LANDSCAPE OF CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA IN CHINESE PATIENTS. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CMML) IS A RARE AND HETEROGENEOUS HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCY. IT HAS BEEN SHOWN THAT THE MOLECULAR ABNORMALITIES SUCH AS ASXL1, TET2, SETBP1, AND SRSF2 MUTATIONS ARE COMMON IN CAUCASIAN POPULATION. METHODS: WE RETROSPECTIVELY ANALYZED 178 CHINESE CMML PATIENTS. THE TARGETED NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING (NGS) WAS USED TO EVALUATE 114 GENE VARIATIONS, AND THE PROGNOSTIC FACTORS FOR OS WERE DETERMINED BY COX REGRESSION ANALYSIS. RESULTS: THE CMML PATIENTS SHOWED A UNIQUE MUTATIONAL SPECTRUM, INCLUDING TET2 (36.5%), NRAS (31.5%), ASXL1 (28.7%), SRSF2 (24.7%), AND RUNX1 (21.9%). OF THE 102 PATIENTS WITH CLONAL ANALYSIS, THE ANCESTRAL EVENTS PREFERENTIALLY OCCURRED IN TET2 (18.5%), SPLICING FACTORS (16.5%), RAS (14.0%), AND ASXL1 (7.8%), AND THE SUBCLONAL GENES WERE MAINLY ASXL1, TET2, AND RAS. IN ADDITION, THE SECONDARY ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA (SAML) TRANSFORMED FROM CMML OFTEN HAD MUTATIONS IN DNMT3A, ETV6, FLT3, AND NPM1, WHILE THE PRIMARY AML (PAML) DEMONSTRATED MORE MUTATIONS IN CEBPA, DNMT3A, FLT3, IDH1/2, NPM1, AND WT1. IT WAS OF NOTE THAT A SERIES OF CLONES WERE EMERGED DURING THE PROGRESSION FROM CMML TO AML, INCLUDING DNMT3A, FLT3, AND NPM1. BY UNIVARIATE ANALYSIS, ASXL1 MUTATION, INTERMEDIATE- AND HIGH-RISK CYTOGENETIC ABNORMALITY, CMML-SPECIFIC PROGNOSTIC SCORING SYSTEM (CPSS) STRATIFICATIONS (INTERMEDIATE-2 AND HIGH GROUP), AND TREATMENT OPTIONS (BEST SUPPORTIVE CARE) PREDICTED FOR WORSE OS. MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS REVEALED A SIMILAR OUTCOME. CONCLUSIONS: THE COMMON MUTATIONS IN CHINESE CMML PATIENTS INCLUDED EPIGENETIC MODIFIERS (TET2 AND ASXL1), SIGNALING TRANSDUCTION PATHWAY COMPONENTS (NRAS), AND SPLICING FACTOR (SRSF2). THE CMML PATIENTS WITH DNMT3A, ETV6, FLT3, AND NPM1 MUTATIONS TENDED TO PROGRESS TO SAML. ASXL1 MUTATION AND THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES WERE INDEPENDENT PROGNOSTIC FACTORS FOR CMML.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                            
8  5980  24 TET2 MUTATIONS WERE PREDICTIVE OF INFERIOR PROGNOSIS IN THE PRESENCE OF ASXL1 MUTATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. BACKGROUND: SOMATIC MUTATIONS INVOLVING EPIGENETIC REGULATORS, HISTONE MODIFICATION AND CHROMATIN REGULATION, SPLICING COMPONENTS, TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS AND SIGNALING REGULATOR GENES ARE COMMON IN CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CMML) PATIENTS. IT HAS BEEN CONSENSUS THAT ASXL1 MUTATIONS HAVE ADVERSELY IMPACT ON OVERALL SURVIVAL (OS), WHILE THE EFFECT OF TET2 MUTATIONS REMAINS CONTROVERSIAL AND UNDEFINED. METHODS: ASXL1 AND TET2 MUTATIONS WERE ANALYZED IN 141 PATIENTS WITH CMML USING SANGER SEQUENCING, WITH THE AIM TO IDENTIFY THE INTERPLAY OF ASXL1 AND TET2 MUTATIONS IN THE PROGNOSIS OF CMML. RESULTS: SIXTY-FIVE (46.1%) OF THE CMML PATIENTS HARBORED ASXL1 MUTATIONS (FRAMESHIFT AND NONSENSE), AND 46 (32.6%) HAD TET2 MUTATIONS (FRAME SHIFT, NONSENSE AND MISSENSE). IN A SEPARATE MULTIVARIABLE ANALYSIS THAT INCLUDED THE MAYO PROGNOSTIC MODEL AS A SINGLE VARIABLE ALONG WITH ASXL1WT/TET2WT, THE RESPECTIVE HAZARD RATIOS OF ASXL1MUT/TET2MUT, ASXL1MUT/TET2WT AND ASXL1WT/TET2MUT WERE 4.7 (95% CI, 2.2-10.3; P<0.001), 2.2 (95% CI, 1.1-4.2; P=0.025) AND 1.3 (95% CI, 0.6-2.5; P=0.521). CONCLUSIONS: OUR STUDY SHOWED THAT ASXL1 MUTATIONS PREDICT INFERIOR OS, AND ADDITIONAL TET2 MUTATIONS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH POOR SURVIVAL IN THE PRESENCE OF ASXL1 MUTATIONS OF CMML PATIENTS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
9  5244  30 PROGNOSTIC INTERACTION BETWEEN ASXL1 AND TET2 MUTATIONS IN CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. MUTATIONS INVOLVING EPIGENETIC REGULATORS (TET2~60% AND ASXL1~40%) AND SPLICING COMPONENTS (SRSF2~50%) ARE FREQUENT IN CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CMML). ON A 27-GENE TARGETED CAPTURE PANEL PERFORMED ON 175 CMML PATIENTS (66% MALES, MEDIAN AGE 70 YEARS), COMMON MUTATIONS INCLUDED: TET2 46%, ASXL1 47%, SRSF2 45% AND SETBP1 19%. A TOTAL OF 172 (98%) PATIENTS HAD AT LEAST ONE MUTATION, 21 (12%) HAD 2, 24 (14%) HAD 3 AND 30 (17%) HAD >3 MUTATIONS. IN A UNIVARIATE ANALYSIS, THE PRESENCE OF ASXL1 MUTATIONS (P=0.02) AND THE ABSENCE OF TET2 MUTATIONS (P=0.03), ADVERSELY IMPACTED SURVIVAL; WHILE THE NUMBER OF CONCURRENT MUTATIONS HAD NO IMPACT (P=0.3). IN A MULTIVARIABLE ANALYSIS THAT INCLUDED HEMOGLOBIN, PLATELET COUNT, ABSOLUTE MONOCYTE COUNT AND CIRCULATING IMMATURE MYELOID CELLS (MAYO MODEL), THE PRESENCE OF ASXL1 MUTATIONS (P=0.01) AND ABSENCE OF TET2 MUTATIONS (P=0.003) RETAINED PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE. PATIENTS WERE STRATIFIED INTO FOUR CATEGORIES: ASXL1WT/TET2WT (N=56), ASXL1MUT/TET2WT (N=31), ASXL1MUT/TET2MUT (N=50) AND ASXL1WT/TET2MUT (N=38). SURVIVAL DATA DEMONSTRATED A SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE IN FAVOR OF ASXL1WT/TET2MUT (38 MONTHS; P=0.016), COMPARED WITH THOSE WITH ASXL1WT/TET2WT (19 MONTHS), ASXL1MUT/TET2WT (21 MONTHS) AND ASXL1MUT/TET2MUT (16 MONTHS) (P=0.3). WE CONFIRM THE NEGATIVE PROGNOSTIC IMPACT IMPARTED BY ASXL1 MUTATIONS AND SUGGEST A FAVORABLE IMPACT FROM TET2 MUTATIONS IN THE ABSENCE OF ASXL1 MUTATIONS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
10  1100  29 COMBINATION OF MYELOPROLIFERATIVE NEOPLASM DRIVER GENE ACTIVATION WITH MUTATIONS OF SPLICE FACTOR OR EPIGENETIC MODIFIER GENES INCREASES RISK OF RAPID BLASTIC PROGRESSION. OBJECTIVES: MYELOPROLIFERATIVE NEOPLASMS (MPN) COMPRISING POLYCYTHEMIA VERA (PV), ESSENTIAL THROMBOCYTHEMIA (ET) AND PRIMARY MYELOFIBROSIS (PMF) FOLLOW A BI-PHASIC COURSE OF DISEASE WITH FIBROTIC AND/OR BLASTIC PROGRESSION. AT PRESENTATION IN THE CHRONIC PHASE, CURRENTLY THERE ARE ONLY INSUFFICIENT TOOLS TO PREDICT THE RISK OF PROGRESSION IN INDIVIDUAL CASES. METHODS: IN THIS STUDY, CHRONIC PHASE MPN (16 PMF, 11 PV, AND 11 MPN UNCLASSIFIED) WITH BLASTIC TRANSFORMATION DURING COURSE OF DISEASE (N = 38, MEDIAN FOLLOW-UP 5.3 YEARS) WERE ANALYZED BY HIGH-THROUGHPUT SEQUENCING. MPN CASES WITH A COMPARABLE FOLLOW-UP PERIOD AND WITHOUT EVIDENCE OF BLAST INCREASE SERVED AS CONTROL (N = 63, MEDIAN FOLLOW-UP 5.8 YEARS). RESULTS: FREQUENT ARCH/CHIP-ASSOCIATED MUTATIONS (TET2, ASXL1, DNMT3A) FOUND AT PRESENTATION WERE NOT SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH BLASTIC TRANSFORMATION. BY CONTRAST, MUTATIONS OF SRSF2, U2AF1, AND IDH1/2 AT FIRST PRESENTATION WERE FREQUENTLY OBSERVED IN THE PROGRESSION COHORT (13/38, 34.2%) AND WERE COMPLETELY MISSING IN THE CONTROL GROUP WITHOUT BLAST TRANSFORMATION DURING FOLLOW-UP (P = .0007 FOR SRSF2; P = .0063 FOR U2AF1 AND IDH1/2). CONCLUSION: UNLIKE FREQUENT ARCH/CHIP ALTERATIONS (TET2, ASXL1, DNMT3A), MUTATIONS IN SRSF2, IDH1/2, AND U2AF1 WHEN MANIFEST ALREADY AT FIRST PRESENTATION PROVIDE AN INDEPENDENT RISK FACTOR FOR RAPID BLAST TRANSFORMATION OF MPN.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
11  3178  38 HAEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCIES WITH UNFAVOURABLE GENE MUTATIONS BENEFIT FROM DONOR LYMPHOCYTE INFUSION WITH/WITHOUT DECITABINE FOR PROPHYLAXIS OF RELAPSE AFTER ALLOGENEIC HSCT: A PILOT STUDY. RELAPSE IS THE MAIN CAUSE OF TREATMENT FAILURE FOR LEUKAEMIA PATIENTS WITH UNFAVOURABLE GENE MUTATIONS WHO RECEIVE ALLOGENEIC HAEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION (ALLO-HSCT). THERE IS NO CONSENSUS ON THE INDICATION OF DONOR LYMPHOCYTE INFUSION (DLI) FOR PROPHYLAXIS OF RELAPSE AFTER ALLO-HSCT. TO EVALUATE THE TOLERANCE AND EFFICACY OF PROPHYLACTIC DLI IN PATIENTS WITH UNFAVOURABLE GENE MUTATIONS SUCH AS FLT3-ITD, TP53, ASXL1, DNMT3A OR TET2, WE PERFORMED A PROSPECTIVE, SINGLE-ARM STUDY. PROPHYLACTIC USE OF DECITABINE FOLLOWED BY DLI WAS PLANNED IN PATIENTS WITH TP53 OR EPIGENETIC MODIFIER GENE MUTATIONS. THE PROPHYLAXIS WAS PLANNED IN 46 RECIPIENTS: IT WAS ADMINISTERED IN 28 PATIENTS AND IT WAS NOT ADMINISTERED IN 18 PATIENTS DUE TO CONTRAINDICATIONS. NO DLI-ASSOCIATED PANCYTOPENIA WAS OBSERVED. THE CUMULATIVE INCIDENCES OF GRADE II-IV AND III-IV ACUTE GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE (GVHD) AT 100 DAYS POST-DLI WERE 25.8% AND 11.0%, RESPECTIVELY. THE RATES OF CHRONIC GVHD, NON-RELAPSE MORTALITY AND RELAPSE AT 3 YEARS POST-DLI WERE 21.6%, 25.0% AND 26.1%, RESPECTIVELY. THE 3-YEAR RELAPSE-FREE SURVIVAL AND OVERALL SURVIVAL (OS) RATES WERE 48.9% AND 48.2%, RESPECTIVELY. ACUTE GVHD (HR: 2.30, P = 0.016) AND RELAPSE (HR: 2.46, P = 0.003) AFTER DLI WERE INDEPENDENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH INFERIOR OS. DATA IN THE CURRENT STUDY SHOWED THE FEASIBILITY OF PROPHYLACTIC DLI WITH/WITHOUT DECITABINE IN THE EARLY STAGE AFTER ALLO-HSCT IN PATIENTS WITH UNFAVOURABLE GENE MUTATIONS.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
12  4748  28 NOVEL MUTATIONS AND THEIR FUNCTIONAL AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE IN MYELOPROLIFERATIVE NEOPLASMS: JAK2, MPL, TET2, ASXL1, CBL, IDH AND IKZF1. MYELOPROLIFERATIVE NEOPLASMS (MPNS) ORIGINATE FROM GENETICALLY TRANSFORMED HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS THAT RETAIN THE CAPACITY FOR MULTILINEAGE DIFFERENTIATION AND EFFECTIVE MYELOPOIESIS. BEGINNING IN EARLY 2005, A NUMBER OF NOVEL MUTATIONS INVOLVING JANUS KINASE 2 (JAK2), MYELOPROLIFERATIVE LEUKEMIA VIRUS (MPL), TET ONCOGENE FAMILY MEMBER 2 (TET2), ADDITIONAL SEX COMBS-LIKE 1 (ASXL1), CASITAS B-LINEAGE LYMPHOMA PROTO-ONCOGENE (CBL), ISOCITRATE DEHYDROGENASE (IDH) AND IKAROS FAMILY ZINC FINGER 1 (IKZF1) HAVE BEEN DESCRIBED IN BCR-ABL1-NEGATIVE MPNS. HOWEVER, NONE OF THESE MUTATIONS WERE MPN SPECIFIC, DISPLAYED MUTUAL EXCLUSIVITY OR COULD BE TRACED BACK TO A COMMON ANCESTRAL CLONE. JAK2 AND MPL MUTATIONS APPEAR TO EXERT A PHENOTYPE-MODIFYING EFFECT AND ARE DISTINCTLY ASSOCIATED WITH POLYCYTHEMIA VERA, ESSENTIAL THROMBOCYTHEMIA AND PRIMARY MYELOFIBROSIS; THE CORRESPONDING MUTATIONAL FREQUENCIES ARE APPROXIMATELY 99, 55 AND 65% FOR JAK2 AND 0, 3 AND 10% FOR MPL MUTATIONS. THE INCIDENCE OF TET2, ASXL1, CBL, IDH OR IKZF1 MUTATIONS IN THESE DISORDERS RANGES FROM 0 TO 17%; THESE LATTER MUTATIONS ARE MORE COMMON IN CHRONIC (TET2, ASXL1, CBL) OR JUVENILE (CBL) MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIAS, MASTOCYTOSIS (TET2), MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES (TET2, ASXL1) AND SECONDARY ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA, INCLUDING BLAST-PHASE MPN (IDH, ASXL1, IKZF1). THE FUNCTIONAL CONSEQUENCES OF MPN-ASSOCIATED MUTATIONS INCLUDE UNREGULATED JAK-STAT (JANUS KINASE/SIGNAL TRANSDUCER AND ACTIVATOR OF TRANSCRIPTION) SIGNALING, EPIGENETIC MODULATION OF TRANSCRIPTION AND ABNORMAL ACCUMULATION OF ONCOPROTEINS. HOWEVER, IT IS NOT CLEAR AS TO WHETHER AND HOW THESE ABNORMALITIES CONTRIBUTE TO DISEASE INITIATION, CLONAL EVOLUTION OR BLASTIC TRANSFORMATION.	2010	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
13  4557  27 MUTATIONS IN ASXL1 ARE ASSOCIATED WITH POOR PROGNOSIS ACROSS THE SPECTRUM OF MALIGNANT MYELOID DISEASES. THE ASXL1 GENE IS ONE OF THE MOST FREQUENTLY MUTATED GENES IN MALIGNANT MYELOID DISEASES. THE ASXL1 PROTEIN BELONGS TO PROTEIN COMPLEXES INVOLVED IN THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION. ASXL1 MUTATIONS ARE FOUND IN MYELOPROLIFERATIVE NEOPLASMS (MPN), MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES (MDS), CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CMML) AND ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA (AML). THEY ARE GENERALLY ASSOCIATED WITH SIGNS OF AGGRESSIVENESS AND POOR CLINICAL OUTCOME. BECAUSE OF THIS, A SYSTEMATIC DETERMINATION OF ASXL1 MUTATIONAL STATUS IN MYELOID MALIGNANCIES SHOULD HELP IN PROGNOSIS ASSESSMENT.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
14   472  27 ARRAY COMPARATIVE GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION AND SEQUENCING OF 23 GENES IN 80 PATIENTS WITH MYELOFIBROSIS AT CHRONIC OR ACUTE PHASE. MYELOFIBROSIS IS A MYELOPROLIFERATIVE NEOPLASM THAT OCCURS DE NOVO (PRIMARY MYELOFIBROSIS) OR RESULTS FROM THE PROGRESSION OF POLYCYTHEMIA VERA OR ESSENTIAL THROMBOCYTEMIA (HEREAFTER DESIGNATED AS SECONDARY MYELOFIBROSIS OR POST-POLYCYTHEMIA VERA/ ESSENTIAL THROMBOCYTHEMIA MYELOFIBROSIS). TO PROGRESS IN THE UNDERSTANDING OF MYELOFIBROSIS AND TO FIND MOLECULAR PROGNOSTIC MARKERS WE STUDIED 104 SAMPLES OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY MYELOFIBROSIS AT CHRONIC (N=68) AND ACUTE PHASES (N=12) FROM 80 PATIENTS, BY USING ARRAY-COMPARATIVE GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION AND SEQUENCING OF 23 GENES (ASXL1, BMI1, CBL, DNMT3A, EZH2, IDH1/2, JAK2, K/NRAS, LNK, MPL, NF1, PPP1R16B, PTPN11, RCOR1, SF3B1, SOCS2, SRSF2, SUZ12, TET2, TP53, TRPS1). WE FOUND COPY NUMBER ABERRATIONS IN 54% OF SAMPLES, OFTEN INVOLVING GENES WITH A KNOWN OR POTENTIAL ROLE IN LEUKEMOGENESIS. WE SHOW THAT CASES CARRYING A DEL(20Q), DEL(17) OR DEL(12P) EVOLVE IN ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA (P=0.03). WE FOUND THAT 88% OF THE CASES WERE MUTATED, MAINLY IN SIGNALING PATHWAY (JAK2 69%, NF1 6%) AND EPIGENETIC GENES (ASXL1 26%, TET2 14%, EZH2 8%). OVERALL SURVIVAL WAS POOR IN PATIENTS WITH MORE THAN ONE MUTATION (P=0.001) AND IN PATIENTS WITH JAK2/ASXL1 MUTATIONS (P=0.02). OUR STUDY HIGHLIGHTS THE HETEROGENEITY OF MYELOFIBROSIS, AND POINTS TO SEVERAL INTERESTING COPY NUMBER ABERRATIONS AND GENES WITH DIAGNOSTIC AND PROGNOSTIC IMPACT.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
15    87  53 A PHASE 1 STUDY OF AZACITIDINE WITH HIGH-DOSE CYTARABINE AND MITOXANTRONE IN HIGH-RISK ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA. IN THIS PHASE 1 STUDY, AZACITIDINE (AZA) WAS GIVEN BEFORE HIGH-DOSE CYTARABINE (HIDAC) AND MITOXANTRONE (MITO) BASED ON THE HYPOTHESIS THAT EPIGENETIC PRIMING WITH A HYPOMETHYLATING AGENT BEFORE CYTOTOXIC CHEMOTHERAPY WOULD IMPROVE RESPONSE RATES IN PATIENTS WITH HIGH-RISK ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA (AML), INCLUDING RELAPSED/REFRACTORY DISEASE. THE PRIMARY OBJECTIVE WAS TO ESTABLISH THE RECOMMENDED PHASE 2 DOSE OF AZA GIVEN BEFORE STANDARD HIDAC/MITO. IN A DOSE ESCALATION SCHEME, 46 PATIENTS (MEDIAN AGE, 66 YEARS) RECEIVED AZA AT 37.5, 50, OR 75 MG/M2 SUBCUTANEOUSLY OR IV ONCE DAILY ON DAYS 1 TO 5 FOLLOWED BY HIDAC (3000 MG/M2) AND MITOXANTRONE (30 MG/M2) ONCE EACH ON DAYS 6 AND 10 (THE HIDAC/MITO DOSE WAS REDUCED 33% IN ELDERLY SUBJECTS). TWO DOSE-LIMITING TOXICITIES OCCURRED (BOTH IN THE SAME PATIENT): ACUTE LIVER FAILURE AND KIDNEY INJURY AT THE 50 MG/M2 DOSE. THE 30-DAY INDUCTION DEATH RATE WAS 2.2% (1 OF 46). THE OVERALL RESPONSE RATE, INCLUDING COMPLETE REMISSION AND COMPLETE REMISSION WITH INCOMPLETE COUNT RECOVERY, WAS 61% (28 OF 46). PREVIOUSLY UNTREATED PATIENTS AGED >/=60 YEARS WITH THERAPY-RELATED AML AND DE NOVO AML WERE MORE LIKELY TO RESPOND THAN UNTREATED PATIENTS WITH AML PROGRESSING FROM AN ANTECEDENT HEMATOLOGIC DISORDER (MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME AND CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA). PATIENTS WITH FAVORABLE EUROPEAN LEUKEMIA NETWORK RISK (P = .008), NPM1 MUTATIONS (P = .007), OR IDH2 MUTATIONS (P = .03) WERE MORE LIKELY TO RESPOND, AND THOSE WITH TP53 MUTATIONS (P = .03) WERE LESS LIKELY TO RESPOND. THE RECOMMENDED PHASE 2 DOSE OF AZA IS 75 MG/M2 PER DAY ON DAYS 1 TO 5 FOLLOWED BY HIDAC (3000 MG/M2) AND MITOXANTRONE (30 MG/M2) ONCE EACH ON DAYS 6 AND 10. THIS TRIAL WAS REGISTERED AT WWW.CLINICALTRIALS.GOV AS #NCT01839240.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
16  4562  40 MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME/MYELOPROLIFERATIVE NEOPLASM OVERLAP SYNDROMES: A FOCUSED REVIEW. MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME (MDS)/MYELOPROLIFERATIVE NEOPLASM (MPN) OVERLAP SYNDROMES ARE UNIQUE MYELOID NEOPLASMS, WITH OVERLAPPING FEATURES OF MDS AND MPN. THEY CONSIST OF FOUR ADULT ONSET ENTITIES INCLUDING CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CMML), MDS/MPN-RING SIDEROBLASTS-THROMBOCYTOSIS (MDS/MPN-RS-T), BCR-ABL1 NEGATIVE ATYPICAL CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (ACML) AND MDS/MPN-UNCLASSIFIABLE (MDS/MPN-U); WITH JUVENILE MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (JMML) BEING THE ONLY PEDIATRIC ONSET ENTITY. AMONG THESE OVERLAP NEOPLASMS, CMML IS THE MOST FREQUENT AND IS HALLMARKED BY THE PRESENCE OF SUSTAINED PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONOCYTOSIS WITH RECURRENT MUTATIONS INVOLVING TET2 (60%), SRSF2 (50%) AND ASXL1 (40%); WITH RAS PATHWAY MUTATIONS AND JAK2V617F BEING RELATIVELY ENRICHED IN PROLIFERATIVE CMML SUBTYPES (WBC >/=13 X 109/L). CMML USUALLY PRESENTS IN THE 7TH DECADE OF LIFE, WITH A MALE PREPONDERANCE AND IS ASSOCIATED WITH A MEDIAN OVERALL SURVIVAL OF <36 MONTHS. ADVERSE PROGNOSTICATORS IN CMML INCLUDE INCREASING AGE, HIGH WBC, PRESENCE OF CIRCULATING IMMATURE MYELOID CELLS, ANEMIA, THROMBOCYTOPENIA AND TRUNCATING ASXL1 MUTATIONS. WHILE ALLOGENEIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION REMAINS THE ONLY CURATIVE OPTION, GIVEN THE LATE ONSET OF THIS NEOPLASM AND HIGH FREQUENCY OF COMORBIDITIES, MOST PATIENTS REMAIN INELIGIBLE. HYPOMETHYLATING AGENTS SUCH AS AZACITIDINE, DECITABINE AND ORAL DECITABINE/CEDAZURIDINE HAVE BEEN US FDA APPROVED FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF CMML, WITH OVERALL RESPONSE RATES OF 40-50% AND COMPLETE REMISSION RATES OF <20%. WHILE THESE AGENTS EPIGENETICALLY RESTORE HEMATOPOIESIS IN A SUBSET OF RESPONDING PATIENTS, THEY DO NOT IMPACT MUTATIONAL ALLELE BURDENS AND EVENTUAL DISEASE PROGRESSION TO AML REMAINS INEVITABLE. NEWER TREATMENT MODALITIES EXPLOITING EPIGENETIC, SIGNALING AND SPLICING ABNORMALITIES COMMONLY SEEN IN CMML ARE MUCH NEEDED.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                       
17   960  37 CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA: 2016 UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS, RISK STRATIFICATION, AND MANAGEMENT. CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CMML) IS A CLONAL HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL DISORDER CHARACTERIZED BY OVERLAPPING FEATURES OF MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES AND MYELOPROLIFERATIVE NEOPLASMS. DIAGNOSIS IS BASED ON THE PRESENCE OF PERSISTENT (>3 MONTHS) PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONOCYTOSIS (>1 X 10(9) /L), ALONG WITH BONE MARROW DYSPLASIA. CLONAL CYTOGENETIC ABNORMALITIES OCCUR IN APPROXIMATELY 20-30% OF PATIENTS, WHILE >90% HAVE GENE MUTATIONS. MUTATIONS INVOLVING TET2 ( APPROXIMATELY 60%), SRSF2 ( APPROXIMATELY 50%), ASXL1 ( APPROXIMATELY 40%), AND RAS ( APPROXIMATELY 30%) ARE FREQUENT; WITH ONLY ASXL1 MUTATIONS NEGATIVELY IMPACTING OVERALL SURVIVAL. TWO MOLECULARLY INTEGRATED, CMML-SPECIFIC PROGNOSTIC MODELS INCLUDE; THE GROUPE FRANCAIS DES MYELODYSPLASIES (GFM) AND THE MOLECULAR MAYO MODEL (MMM). THE GFM MODEL SEGREGATES PATIENTS INTO 3 GROUPS BASED ON: AGE >65 YEARS, WBC >15 X 10(9) /L, ANEMIA, PLATELETS <100 X 10(9) /L, AND ASXL1 MUTATION STATUS, WITH RESPECTIVE MEDIAN SURVIVALS OF 56 (LOW), 27.4 (INTERMEDIATE), AND 9.2 (HIGH) MONTHS. THE MMM IS BASED ON ASXL1 MUTATIONAL STATUS, ABSOLUTE MONOCYTE COUNT >10 X 10(9) /L, HEMOGLOBIN <10 G/DL, PLATELETS <100 X 109/L AND CIRCULATING IMMATURE MYELOID CELLS. THIS MODEL STRATIFIES PATIENTS INTO FOUR GROUPS; HIGH (>/=3 RISK FACTORS), INTERMEDIATE-2 (2 RISK FACTORS), INTERMEDIATE-1 (1 RISK FACTOR) AND LOW (NO RISK FACTORS), WITH MEDIAN SURVIVALS OF 16, 31, 59, AND 97 MONTHS, RESPECTIVELY. HYPOMETHYLATING AGENTS SUCH AS 5-AZACITIDINE AND DECITABINE ARE COMMONLY USED, WITH OVERALL RESPONSE RATES OF APPROXIMATELY 30-40% AND COMPLETE REMISSION RATES OF APPROXIMATELY 7-17%. ALLOGENEIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANT IS THE ONLY POTENTIALLY CURATIVE OPTION, BUT IS ASSOCIATED WITH SIGNIFICANT MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY. INDIVIDUALIZED THERAPY, INCLUDING EPIGENETIC MODIFIERS AND SMALL MOLECULE INHIBITORS, ARE EXCITING PROSPECTS. AM. J. HEMATOL. 91:632-642, 2016. (C) 2016 WILEY PERIODICALS, INC.	2016	
                                                                            
18  5665  33 SF3B1, RUNX1 AND TP53 MUTATIONS SIGNIFICANTLY IMPACT THE OUTCOME OF PATIENTS WITH LOWER-RISK MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME. INTRODUCTION: PROGNOSIS OF PATIENTS WITH MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME (MDS), PARTICULARLY THE GROUP WITH LOWER-RISK DISEASE (LR-MDS) IS VERY HETEROGENEOUS. SEVERAL STUDIES HAVE DESCRIBED THE PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF RECURRENT SOMATIC MUTATIONS IN MDS INCLUDING ALL RISK CATEGORIES. RECENTLY, THE INCORPORATION OF GENOMIC DATA TO CLINICAL PARAMETERS DEFINED THE NEW MOLECULAR INTERNATIONAL PROGNOSTIC SCORING SYSTEM (IPSS-M). MATERIALS AND METHODS: IN THIS STUDY, WE EVALUATED THE IMPACT OF MOLECULAR PROFILE IN A SERIES OF 181 PATIENTS WITH LR-MDS AND NON-PROLIFERATIVE CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. RESULTS: EPIGENETIC REGULATORS (TET2, ASXL1) AND SPLICING (SF3B1) WERE THE MOST RECURRENT MUTATED PATHWAYS. IN UNIVARIATE ANALYSIS, RUNX1 OR TP53 MUTATIONS CORRELATED WITH LOWER MEDIAN OVERALL SURVIVAL (OS). IN CONTRAST, SF3B1 MUTATION WAS ASSOCIATED WITH PROLONGED MEDIAN OS [95 MONTHS (95% IC, 32-157) VS. 33 MONTHS (95% CI, 19-46) IN UNMUTATED PATIENTS (P < 0.01)]. IN A MULTIVARIATE COX REGRESSION MODEL, RUNX1 MUTATIONS INDEPENDENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH SHORTER OS, WHILE SF3B1 MUTATION RETAINED ITS FAVORABLE IMPACT ON OUTCOME (HR: 0.24, 95% CI, 0.1-0.5; P = 0.001). IN ADDITION, TP53 OR RUNX1 MUTATIONS WERE IDENTIFIED AS PREDICTIVE COVARIATES FOR THE PROBABILITY OF LEUKEMIC PROGRESSION (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: INCORPORATION OF MOLECULAR TESTING IN LR-MDS IDENTIFIED A SUBSET OF PATIENTS WITH EXPECTED POORER OUTCOME, EITHER DUE TO LOWER SURVIVAL OR PROBABILITY OF LEUKEMIC PROGRESSION.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
19  4555  27 MUTATIONAL SPECTRUM ANALYSIS OF CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA INCLUDES GENES ASSOCIATED WITH EPIGENETIC REGULATION: UTX, EZH2, AND DNMT3A. CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CMML), A MYELODYSPLASTIC/MYELOPROLIFERATIVE NEOPLASM, IS CHARACTERIZED BY MONOCYTIC PROLIFERATION, DYSPLASIA, AND PROGRESSION TO ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA. CMML HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH SOMATIC MUTATIONS IN DIVERSE RECENTLY IDENTIFIED GENES. WE ANALYZED 72 WELL-CHARACTERIZED PATIENTS WITH CMML (N = 52) AND CMML-DERIVED ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA (N = 20) FOR RECURRENT CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES WITH THE USE OF ROUTINE CYTOGENETICS AND SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM ARRAYS ALONG WITH COMPREHENSIVE MUTATIONAL SCREENING. CYTOGENETIC ABERRATIONS WERE PRESENT IN 46% OF CASES, WHEREAS SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM ARRAY INCREASED THE DIAGNOSTIC YIELD TO 60%. AT LEAST 1 MUTATION WAS FOUND IN 86% OF ALL CASES; NOVEL UTX, DNMT3A, AND EZH2 MUTATIONS WERE FOUND IN 8%, 10%, AND 5.5% OF PATIENTS, RESPECTIVELY. TET2 MUTATIONS WERE PRESENT IN 49%, ASXL1 IN 43%, CBL IN 14%, IDH1/2 IN 4%, KRAS IN 7%, NRAS IN 4%, AND JAK2 V617F IN 1% OF PATIENTS. VARIOUS MUTANT GENOTYPE COMBINATIONS WERE OBSERVED, INDICATING MOLECULAR HETEROGENEITY IN CMML. OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT MOLECULAR DEFECTS AFFECTING DISTINCT PATHWAYS CAN LEAD TO SIMILAR CLINICAL PHENOTYPES.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
20  5478  46 RESULTS OF A RANDOMIZED STUDY OF 3 SCHEDULES OF LOW-DOSE DECITABINE IN HIGHER-RISK MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME AND CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. EPIGENETIC THERAPY WITH HYPOMETHYLATING DRUGS IS NOW THE STANDARD OF CARE IN MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME (MDS). RESPONSE RATES REMAIN LOW, AND MECHANISM-BASED DOSE OPTIMIZATION HAS NOT BEEN REPORTED. WE INVESTIGATED THE CLINICAL AND PHARMACODYNAMIC RESULTS OF DIFFERENT DOSE SCHEDULES OF DECITABINE. ADULTS WITH ADVANCED MDS OR CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CMML) WERE RANDOMIZED TO 1 OF 3 DECITABINE SCHEDULES: (1) 20 MG/M2 INTRAVENOUSLY DAILY FOR 5 DAYS; (2) 20 MG/M2 SUBCUTANEOUSLY DAILY FOR 5 DAYS; AND (3) 10 MG/M2 INTRAVENOUSLY DAILY FOR 10 DAYS. RANDOMIZATION FOLLOWED A BAYESIAN ADAPTIVE DESIGN. NINETY-FIVE PATIENTS WERE TREATED (77 WITH MDS, AND 18 WITH CMML). OVERALL, 32 PATIENTS (34%) ACHIEVED A COMPLETE RESPONSE (CR), AND 69 (73%) HAD AN OBJECTIVE RESPONSE BY THE NEW MODIFIED INTERNATIONAL WORKING GROUP CRITERIA. THE 5-DAY INTRAVENOUS SCHEDULE, WHICH HAD THE HIGHEST DOSE-INTENSITY, WAS SELECTED AS OPTIMAL; THE CR RATE IN THAT ARM WAS 39%, COMPARED WITH 21% IN THE 5-DAY SUBCUTANEOUS ARM AND 24% IN THE 10-DAY INTRAVENOUS ARM (P < .05). THE HIGH DOSE-INTENSITY ARM WAS ALSO SUPERIOR AT INDUCING HYPOMETHYLATION AT DAY 5 AND AT ACTIVATING P15 EXPRESSION AT DAYS 12 OR 28 AFTER THERAPY. WE CONCLUDE THAT A LOW-DOSE, DOSE-INTENSITY SCHEDULE OF DECITABINE OPTIMIZES EPIGENETIC MODULATION AND CLINICAL RESPONSES IN MDS.	2007