1   379 95 AN EPIGENETIC MECHANISM FOR HIGH, SYNERGISTIC EXPRESSION OF INDOLEAMINE 2,3-DIOXYGENASE 1 (IDO1) BY COMBINED TREATMENT WITH ZEBULARINE AND IFN-GAMMA: POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC USE IN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES. IDO1 CAN BE INDUCED BY INTERFERON GAMMA (IFN-GAMMA) IN MULTIPLE CELL TYPES. WE HAVE EARLIER DESCRIBED THAT THE DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITOR ZEBULARINE ALSO INDUCES IDO1 IN SEVERAL RAT CELL CLONES. WE NOW DESCRIBE A SYNERGISTIC INDUCTION OF IDO1 EXPRESSION BY IFN-GAMMA AND ZEBULARINE. TO ELUCIDATE THE MECHANISM OF THE IDO1 INDUCTION WE HAVE STUDIED THE METHYLATION STATUS IN THE PROMOTER REGION OF THE IDO1 GENE FROM BOTH HUMAN MONOCYTIC THP-1 CELLS AND H1D2 RAT COLON CANCER CELLS. INTERESTINGLY, THE IDO1 PROMOTER IS HYPERMETHYLATED AND IFN-GAMMA IS SHOWN TO INDUCE A SIGNIFICANT DEMETHYLATION. THE SYNERGISM IN EFFECT OF ZEBULARINE AND IFN-GAMMA ON IDO1 EXPRESSION IS PARALLELED BY A SIMILAR SYNERGISTIC EFFECT ON EXPRESSION OF TWO OTHER IFN-GAMMA-RESPONSIVE GENES, THE TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS STAT1 AND IRF1 WITH BINDING SITES IN THE IDO1 PROMOTER REGION. THE DEMONSTRATED SYNERGISTIC ACTIVATION OF IDO1 EXPRESSION HAS IMPLICATIONS IN RELATION TO THERAPEUTIC INDUCTION OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSION IN AUTOIMMUNITY AND CHRONIC INFLAMMATION.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
2  3188 23 HBV-SPECIFIC CD8+ T-CELL TOLERANCE IN THE LIVER. HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) REMAINS A LEADING CAUSE OF LIVER-RELATED MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY THROUGH CHRONIC HEPATITIS THAT MAY PROGRESS TO LIVER CIRRHOSIS AND CANCER. THE CENTRAL ROLE PLAYED BY HBV-SPECIFIC CD8+ T CELLS IN THE CLEARANCE OF ACUTE HBV INFECTION, AND HBV-RELATED LIVER INJURY IS NOW WELL ESTABLISHED. VIGOROUS, MULTIFUNCTIONAL CD8+ T CELL RESPONSES ARE USUALLY INDUCED IN MOST ADULT-ONSET HBV INFECTIONS, WHILE CHRONIC HEPATITIS B (CHB) IS CHARACTERIZED BY QUANTITATIVELY AND QUALITATIVELY WEAK HBV-SPECIFIC CD8+ T CELL RESPONSES. THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF THIS DICHOTOMY IS POORLY UNDERSTOOD. GENOMIC ANALYSIS OF DYSFUNCTIONAL HBV-SPECIFIC CD8+ T CELLS IN CHB PATIENTS AND VARIOUS MOUSE MODELS SUGGEST THAT MULTIFACETED MECHANISMS INCLUDING NEGATIVE SIGNALING AND METABOLIC ABNORMALITIES COOPERATIVELY ESTABLISH CD8+ T CELL DYSFUNCTION. IMMUNOREGULATORY CELL POPULATIONS IN THE LIVER, INCLUDING LIVER RESIDENT DENDRITIC CELLS (DCS), HEPATIC STELLATE CELLS (HSCS), MYELOID-DERIVED SUPPRESSOR CELLS (MDSCS), MAY CONTRIBUTE TO INTRAHEPATIC CD8+ T CELL DYSFUNCTION THROUGH THE PRODUCTION OF SOLUBLE MEDIATORS, SUCH AS ARGINASE, INDOLEAMINE 2,3-DIOXYGENASE (IDO) AND SUPPRESSIVE CYTOKINES AND THE EXPRESSION OF CO-INHIBITORY MOLECULES. A SERIES OF RECENT STUDIES WITH MOUSE MODELS OF HBV INFECTION SUGGEST THAT GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN DYSFUNCTIONAL CD8+ T CELLS ARE THE MANIFESTATION OF PROLONGED ANTIGENIC STIMULATION, AS WELL AS THE ABSENCE OF CO-STIMULATORY OR CYTOKINE SIGNALING. THESE NEW FINDINGS MAY PROVIDE POTENTIAL NEW TARGETS FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY AIMING AT INVIGORATING HBV-SPECIFIC CD8+ T CELLS, WHICH HOPEFULLY CURES CHB.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
3  4147 27 MECHANISMS UNDERLYING BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CRUCIFEROUS GLUCOSINOLATE-DERIVED ISOTHIOCYANATES/INDOLES: A FOCUS ON METABOLIC SYNDROME. AN INVERSE CORRELATION BETWEEN VEGETABLE CONSUMPTION AND THE INCIDENCE OF CANCER HAS LONG BEEN DESCRIBED. THIS PROTECTIVE EFFECT IS STRONGER WHEN CRUCIFEROUS VEGETABLES ARE SPECIFICALLY CONSUMED. THE BENEFICIAL PROPERTIES OF VEGETABLES ARE ATTRIBUTED TO THEIR BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS LIKE FIBER, ANTIOXIDANTS VITAMINS, ANTIOXIDANTS, MINERALS, AND PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS. CRUCIFEROUS VEGETABLES CONTAIN ALL THESE MOLECULES; HOWEVER, WHAT MAKES THEM DIFFERENT ARE THEIR SULFUROUS COMPONENTS, CALLED GLUCOSINOLATES, RESPONSIBLE FOR THEIR SPECIAL SMELL AND TASTE. GLUCOSINOLATES ARE INACTIVE BIOLOGICALLY IN THE ORGANISM BUT ARE HYDROLYZED BY THE ENZYME MYROSINASE RELEASED AS A RESULT OF CHEWING, LEADING TO THE FORMATION OF ACTIVE DERIVATIVES SUCH AS ISOTHIOCYANATES AND INDOLES. A CONSIDERABLE NUMBER OF IN VITRO AND IN VIVO STUDIES HAVE REPORTED THAT ISOTHIOCYANATES AND INDOLES ELICIT CHEMOPREVENTIVE POTENCY THROUGH MULTIPLE MECHANISMS THAT INCLUDE MODULATION OF PHASES I AND II DETOXIFICATION PATHWAY ENZYMES, REGULATION OF CELL CYCLE ARREST, AND CONTROL OF CELL GROWTH, INDUCTION OF APOPTOSIS, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, ANTI-ANGIOGENIC EFFECTS, AND EPIGENETIC REGULATION. NUCLEAR ERYTHROID 2-RELATED FACTOR 2 (NRF2) AND NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPAB (NF-KAPPAB) ARE KEY AND CENTRAL REGULATORS IN ALL THESE PROCESSES WITH A MAIN ROLE IN OXIDATIVE STRESS AND INFLAMMATION CONTROL. IT HAS BEEN DESCRIBED THAT ISOTHIOCYANATES AND INDOLES REGULATE THEIR ACTIVITY DIRECTLY AND INDIRECTLY. TODAY, THE METABOLIC SYNDROME (CENTRAL OBESITY, INSULIN RESISTANCE, HYPERLIPIDEMIA, AND HYPERTENSION) IS RESPONSIBLE FOR A MAJORITY OF DEATHS WORLDWIDE. ALL COMPONENTS OF METABOLIC SYNDROME ARE CHARACTERIZED BY CHRONIC INFLAMMATION WITH DEREGULATION OF THE PI3K/AKT/MTOR, MAPK/EKR/JNK, NRF2, AND NF-KAPPAB SIGNALING PATHWAYS. THE EFFECTS OF GLSS DERIVATIVES CONTROLLING THESE PATHWAYS HAVE BEEN WIDELY DESCRIBED IN RELATION TO CANCER. CHANGES IN FOOD CONSUMPTION PATTERNS OBSERVED IN THE LAST DECADES TO HIGHER CONSUMPTION OF ULTRA-PROCESSED FOODS, WITH ELEVATION IN SIMPLE SUGAR AND SATURATED FAT CONTENTS AND LOWER CONSUMPTION OF VEGETABLES AND FRUITS HAVE BEEN DIRECTLY CORRELATED WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME PREVALENCE. IN THIS REVIEW, IT IS SUMMARIZED THE KNOWLEDGE REGARDING THE MECHANISMS BY WHICH CRUCIFEROUS GLUCOSINOLATE DERIVATIVES (ISOTHIOCYANATES AND INDOLES) DIRECTLY AND INDIRECTLY REGULATE THESE PATHWAYS. HOWEVER, THE REVIEW PLACES A SPECIAL FOCUS ON THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE EFFECTS OF GLUCOSINOLATES DERIVATIVES IN METABOLIC SYNDROME, SINCE THIS HAS NOT BEEN REVIEWED BEFORE.	2020	

4  1374 25 DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAMMING OF ADULT DISEASE: REPROGRAMMING BY MELATONIN? ADULT-ONSET CHRONIC NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES (NCDS) CAN ORIGINATE FROM EARLY LIFE THROUGH SO-CALLED THE "DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGINS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE" (DOHAD) OR "DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAMMING". THE DOHAD CONCEPT OFFERS THE "REPROGRAMMING" STRATEGY TO SHIFT THE TREATMENT FROM ADULTHOOD TO EARLY LIFE, BEFORE CLINICAL DISEASE IS APPARENT. MELATONIN, AN ENDOGENOUS INDOLEAMINE PRODUCED BY THE PINEAL GLAND, HAS PLEIOTROPIC BIOACTIVITIES THOSE ARE BENEFICIAL IN A VARIETY OF HUMAN DISEASES. EMERGING EVIDENCE SUPPORT THAT MELATONIN IS CLOSELY INTER-RELATED TO OTHER PROPOSED MECHANISMS CONTRIBUTING TO THE DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAMMING OF A VARIETY OF CHRONIC NCDS. RECENT ANIMAL STUDIES HAVE BEGUN TO UNRAVEL THE MULTIFUNCTIONAL ROLES OF MELATONIN IN MANY EXPERIMENTAL MODELS OF DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAMMING. EVEN THOUGH SOME PROGRESS HAS BEEN MADE IN RESEARCH ON MELATONIN AS A REPROGRAMMING STRATEGY TO PREVENT DOHAD-RELATED NCDS, FUTURE HUMAN STUDIES SHOULD AIM AT FILLING THE TRANSLATIONAL GAP BETWEEN ANIMAL MODELS AND CLINICAL TRIALS. HERE, WE REVIEW SEVERAL KEY THEMES ON THE REPROGRAMMING EFFECTS OF MELATONIN IN DOHAD RESEARCH. WE HAVE PARTICULARLY FOCUSED ON THE FOLLOWING AREAS: MECHANISMS OF DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAMMING; THE INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MELATONIN AND MECHANISMS UNDERLYING DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAMMING; PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL ROLES OF MELATONIN IN PREGNANCY AND FETAL DEVELOPMENT; AND INSIGHT PROVIDED BY ANIMAL MODELS TO SUPPORT MELATONIN AS A REPROGRAMMING THERAPY. RATES OF NCDS ARE INCREASING FASTER THAN ANTICIPATED ALL OVER THE WORLD. HENCE, THERE IS AN URGENT NEED TO UNDERSTAND REPROGRAMMING MECHANISMS OF MELATONIN AND TO TRANSLATE EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH INTO CLINICAL PRACTICE FOR HALTING A GROWING LIST OF DOHAD-RELATED NCDS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
5  3515 34 IDO AND KYNURENINE METABOLITES IN PERIPHERAL AND CNS DISORDERS. THE IMPORTANCE OF THE KYNURENINE PATHWAY IN NORMAL IMMUNE SYSTEM FUNCTION HAS LED TO AN APPRECIATION OF ITS POSSIBLE CONTRIBUTION TO AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS SUCH AS RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS. INDOLEAMINE-2,3-DIOXYGENASE (IDO) ACTIVITY EXERTS A PROTECTIVE FUNCTION, LIMITING THE SEVERITY OF EXPERIMENTAL ARTHRITIS, WHEREAS DELETION OR INHIBITION EXACERBATES THE SYMPTOMS. OTHER CHRONIC DISORDER WITH AN INFLAMMATORY COMPONENT, SUCH AS ATHEROSCLEROSIS, ARE ALSO SUPPRESSED BY IDO ACTIVITY. IT IS SUGGESTED THAT THIS OVERALL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY IS MEDIATED BY A CHANGE IN THE RELATIVE PRODUCTION OR ACTIVITY OF TH17 AND REGULATORY T CELL POPULATIONS. KYNURENINES MAY PLAY AN ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ROLE ALSO IN CNS DISORDERS SUCH AS HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE, ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, IN WHICH SIGNS OF INFLAMMATION AND NEURODEGENERATION ARE INVOLVED. THE POSSIBILITY IS DISCUSSED THAT IN HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE KYNURENINES INTERACT WITH OTHER ANTI-INFLAMMATORY MOLECULES SUCH AS HUMAN LYMPHOCYTE ANTIGEN-G WHICH MAY BE RELEVANT IN OTHER DISORDERS. KYNURENINE INVOLVEMENT MAY ACCOUNT FOR THE PROTECTION AFFORDED TO ANIMALS WITH CEREBRAL MALARIA AND TRYPANOSOMIASIS WHEN THEY ARE TREATED WITH AN INHIBITOR OF KYNURENINE-3-MONOXYGENASE (KMO). THERE IS SOME EVIDENCE THAT CHANGES IN IL-10 MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THIS PROTECTION AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN KYNURENINES AND IL-10 IN ARTHRITIS AND OTHER INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS SHOULD BE EXPLORED. IN ADDITION, METABOLITES OF KYNURENINE DOWNSTREAM OF KMO, SUCH AS ANTHRANILIC ACID AND 3-HYDROXY-ANTHRANILIC ACID CAN INFLUENCE INFLAMMATION, AND THE RATIO OF THESE COMPOUNDS IS A VALUABLE BIOMARKER OF INFLAMMATORY STATUS ALTHOUGH THE UNDERLYING MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF THE CHANGES REQUIRE CLARIFICATION. HENCE IT IS ESSENTIAL THAT MORE EFFORT BE EXPENDED TO IDENTIFY THEIR SITES OF ACTION AS POTENTIAL TARGETS FOR DRUG DEVELOPMENT. FINALLY, WE DISCUSS INCREASING AWARENESS OF THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF IDO, FOR EXAMPLE BY DNA METHYLATION, A PHENOMENON WHICH MAY EXPLAIN DIFFERENCES BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS IN THEIR SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ARTHRITIS AND OTHER INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
6  3212 23 HEALTH PROMOTING EFFECTS OF BRASSICA-DERIVED PHYTOCHEMICALS: FROM CHEMOPREVENTIVE AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES TO EPIGENETIC REGULATION. A HIGH INTAKE OF BRASSICA VEGETABLES MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH A DECREASED CHRONIC DISEASE RISK. HEALTH PROMOTING EFFECTS OF BRASSICACEAE HAVE BEEN PARTLY ATTRIBUTED TO GLUCOSINOLATES AND IN PARTICULAR TO THEIR HYDROLYZATION PRODUCTS INCLUDING ISOTHIOCYANATES. IN VITRO AND IN VIVO STUDIES SUGGEST A CHEMOPREVENTIVE ACTIVITY OF ISOTHIOCYANATES THROUGH THE REDOX-SENSITIVE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR NRF2. FURTHERMORE, STUDIES IN CULTURED CELLS, IN LABORATORY RODENTS, AND ALSO IN HUMANS SUPPORT AN ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT OF BRASSICA-DERIVED PHYTOCHEMICALS. HOWEVER, THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS OF HOW THESE COMPOUNDS MEDIATE THEIR HEALTH PROMOTING EFFECTS ARE YET NOT FULLY UNDERSTOOD. RECENT FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT BRASSICA-DERIVED COMPOUNDS ARE REGULATORS OF EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. IT HAS BEEN SHOWN THAT ISOTHIOCYANATES MAY INHIBIT HISTONE DEACETYLASE TRANSFERASES AND DNA-METHYLTRANSFERASES IN CULTURED CELLS. ONLY A FEW PAPERS HAVE DEALT WITH THE EFFECT OF BRASSICA-DERIVED COMPOUNDS ON EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN LABORATORY ANIMALS, WHEREAS DATA IN HUMANS ARE CURRENTLY LACKING. THE PRESENT REVIEW AIMS TO SUMMARIZE THE CURRENT KNOWLEDGE REGARDING THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF BRASSICA-DERIVED PHYTOCHEMICALS REGARDING CHEMOPREVENTIVE, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, AND EPIGENETIC PATHWAYS.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
7   617 21 BIOACTIVE FOOD COMPOUNDS, EPIGENETICS AND CHRONIC DISEASE PREVENTION: FOCUS ON EARLY-LIFE INTERVENTIONS WITH POLYPHENOLS. CONSUMPTION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS SUCH AS POLYPHENOLS, ISOTHIOCYANATES, SULFUR-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS AND TERPENOIDS, FOUND IN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES, IS ASSOCIATED WITH PREVENTION OF CHRONIC DISEASE. THESE BIOACTIVE FOOD COMPOUNDS ELICIT THEIR PROTECTIVE EFFECTS THROUGH COMPLEX MECHANISMS AT THE CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR, INCLUDING EPIGENETIC LEVELS. ACCORDING TO THE DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGINS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE (DOHAD) PARADIGM, IN UTERO EXPOSURE TO STRESSORS SUCH AS MALNUTRITION THROUGH MATERNAL DIET WOULD IMPAIR FETAL DEVELOPMENT AND EPIGENETICALLY PROGRAM INCREASED RISK OF METABOLIC DISEASES AND SOME CANCERS IN ADULT LIFE. IN ADDITION, A ROLE FOR FATHERS DIET DURING PRECONCEPTION ON THEIR OFFSPRING HEALTH AND CHRONIC DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY HAS ALSO EMERGED. THIS HIGHLIGHTS EARLY LIFE AS A PROMISING WINDOW OF OPPORTUNITY FOR STARTING DIETARY INTERVENTIONS FOCUSING ON PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASES. HOWEVER, KNOWLEDGE ON THE POTENTIAL BENEFICIAL IMPACT OF EARLY LIFE EXPOSURE TO BIOACTIVE FOOD COMPOUNDS IS LIMITED. AMONG THE STUDIES THAT HAVE INVESTIGATED BIOACTIVE FOOD COMPOUNDS IN THE CONTEXT OF DOHAD, MOST HAVE FOCUSED ON THE IMPACT OF DIETARY POLYPHENOLS. THUS, IN THIS REVIEW WE DISCUSS EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE SUPPORTING A ROLE FOR THE DIETARY POLYPHENOLS RESVERATROL, GENISTEIN, EPIGALLOCATECHIN-3-GALLATE AND ANTHOCYANINS IN CHRONIC DISEASE PREVENTION CONSIDERING A PERSPECTIVE FROM EARLY-LIFE INTERVENTIONS THROUGH MATERNAL AND PATERNAL DIETS AND FOCUSING ON EPIGENETICS AS A POTENTIAL UNDERLYING MECHANISM.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
8  4652 20 NEUROPROTECTION WITH NATURAL ANTIOXIDANTS AND NUTRACEUTICALS IN THE CONTEXT OF BRAIN CELL DEGENERATION: THE EPIGENETIC CONNECTION. BIOACTIVE ANTIOXIDANT AGENTS PRESENT IN SELECTED PLANTS ARE KNOWN TO PROVIDE THE FIRST LINE OF BIOLOGICAL DEFENSE AGAINST OXIDATIVE STRESS. IN PARTICULAR, SOLUBLE VITAMIN C, E, CAROTENOIDS AND PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS HAVE DEMONSTRATED CRUCIAL BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS IN CELLS AGAINST OXIDATIVE DAMAGE, PREVENTING PREVALENT CHRONIC DISEASES, SUCH AS DIABETES, CANCER AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. THE REPORTED WIDE RANGE OF EFFECTS THAT INCLUDED ANTI-AGING, ANTI-ATHEROSCLEROSIS, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITY WERE STUDIED AGAINST DEGENERATIVE PATHOLOGIES OF THE BRAIN. VITAMINS AND DIFFERENT PHYTOCHEMICALS ARE IMPORTANT EPIGENETIC MODIFIERS THAT PREVENT NEURODEGENERATION. IN ORDER TO EXPLORE THE POTENTIAL ANTIOXIDANT SOURCES IN FUNCTIONAL FOODS AND NUTRACEUTICALS AGAINST NEURODEGENERATION, THE PRESENT PAPER AIMS TO SHOW A COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AT CHEMICAL AND CELLULAR LEVELS. THE EFFECTS OF THE DIFFERENT BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS AVAILABLE AND THEIR ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY THROUGH AN EPIGENETIC POINT OF VIEW ARE ALSO DISCUSSED.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
9  6333 27 THE ROLE OF DIETARY PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN EPIGENETIC MODULATION INVOLVED IN INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES. A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN DIETARY PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AND THE EPIGENETICS OF INFLAMMATION MAY IMPACT PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS AND THEIR TREATMENT. PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS ARE WELL-KNOWN FOR THEIR ANTIOXIDANT, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, ANTI-ANGIOGENIC, AND ANTI-CANCER PROPERTIES, WITH POTENTIAL BENEFITS IN THE TREATMENT OF VARIOUS HUMAN DISEASES. EMERGING STUDIES BRING EVIDENCE THAT NUTRITION MAY PLAY AN ESSENTIAL ROLE IN IMMUNE SYSTEM MODULATION ALSO BY ALTERING GENE EXPRESSION. THIS REVIEW DISCUSSES EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS SUCH AS DNA METHYLATION, POST-TRANSLATIONAL HISTONE MODIFICATION, AND NON-CODING MICRORNA ACTIVITY THAT REGULATE THE GENE EXPRESSION OF MOLECULES INVOLVED IN INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES. SPECIAL ATTENTION IS PAID TO THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF NF-KAPPAB MODULATION BY DIETARY PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS. THE REGULATION OF HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE AND HISTONE DEACETYLASE ACTIVITY, WHICH ALL INFLUENCE NF-KAPPAB SIGNALING, SEEMS TO BE A CRUCIAL MECHANISM OF THE EPIGENETIC CONTROL OF INFLAMMATION BY PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS. MOREOVER, CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES ARE REPORTED TO BE CLOSELY CONNECTED TO THE MAJOR STAGES OF CARCINOGENESIS AND OTHER NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES. THEREFORE, DIETARY PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS-TARGETED EPIGENETICS IS BECOMING AN ATTRACTIVE APPROACH FOR DISEASE PREVENTION AND INTERVENTION.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
10  6887 30 [ROLE OF METAFLAMMATION AS A SYSTEMIC MANIFESTATION OF METABOLIC DISEASES]. VISCERAL OBESITY AS A COMPONENT OF THE METABOLIC SYNDROME IS CHARACTERIZED BY SYSTEMIC AND LOCAL INFLAMMATION, WHICH CAN BE QUANTIFIED IN ORGANS (METAFLAMMATION). THIS PROCESS CAN BE REGARDED AS A CHRONIC, STERILE, AND LOW-GRADE STATE OF INFLAMMATION WITHOUT INFECTION, TRAUMA, TUMOR OR AUTOIMMUNITY. IT IS CAUSED BY AN INFLAMMATION OF THE VISCERAL ADIPOSE TISSUE (ADIPOSE INFLAMMATION OR ADIPOFLAMMATION) DUE TO ADIPOCYTE HYPERTROPHY AND HYPERPLASIA WITH INCREASED INFILTRATION BY MONOCYTES AND MACROPHAGES. IMPORTANT IS THE PRESENCE OF PROINFLAMMATORY, SO-CALLED POLARIZED M1 MACROPHAGES THAT ARE INDUCED BY INTERFERON GAMMA (IFN-GAMMA) AND LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES (LPS) WITH SECRETION OF INTERLEUKIN (IL)-6, TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR (TNF) AND IL?1. IN CONTRAST, THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, SO-CALLED POLARIZED M2 MACROPHAGES INDUCED BY IL?4 AND IL-13 WITH SECRETION OF IL?8 AND IL-10 DECREASE. IN ADDITION, THE SECRETED ADIPOKINE PATTERN CHANGES FROM ANTI-INFLAMMATORY TO PROINFLAMMATORY. ADIPOCYTE NECROSIS, LOCAL HYPOXIA, DYSREGULATED AUTOPHAGY, ACTIVATION OF INFLAMMASOMES, MODULATION OF TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS, AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS PLAY A COMPLEX ROLE. THIS MECHANISM RESULTS IN LOCAL INSULIN RESISTANCE AND SUBSEQUENTLY A SYSTEMIC INSULIN RESISTANCE OF PERIPHERAL ORGANS AS WELL AS A SPILLOVER OF LOCAL MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATION INTO THE SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION (MEASURED AS OBESITY C?REACTIVE PROTEIN, CRP). THE ACTIVATION OF INFLAMMATORY SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION CASCADES LEADS TO INHIBITORY PHOSPHORYLATION OF THE INSULIN SIGNALING PATHWAY AND A WEAKENING OF THE EFFECT OF INSULIN. IN PARALLEL, ECTOPIC LIPID ACCUMULATION OCCURS IN THE LIVER, MUSCULATURE, PANCREAS, PERICARDIUM AND LUNGS. DIACYLGLYCEROL (DAG) ACTIVATES SPECIFIC ISOFORMS OF PROTEIN KINASE C (EPSILON IN THE LIVER AND TAU IN THE MUSCULATURE), WHICH IN TURN LEAD TO INHIBITION OF THE INSULIN SIGNALING PATHWAY. INSULIN RESISTANCE IN OBESITY AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS IS AN INFLAMMATORY DISEASE. THE AIM OF FUTURE TRANSLATIONAL APPROACHES IS AN ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, MOLECULARLY INDIVIDUALIZED (PRECISION MEDICINE) TREATMENT IN ADIPOSE TISSUE (TARGETED THERAPY) AND IN ORGANS OF INSULIN RESISTANCE.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
11  6436 26 THERAPEUTIC ACTIONS OF TEA PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AGAINST OXIDATIVE STRESS AND INFLAMMATION AS CENTRAL MEDIATORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION OF HEALTH PROBLEMS: A REVIEW FOCUSING ON MICRORNA REGULATION. MANY HEALTH PROBLEMS INCLUDING CHRONIC DISEASES ARE CLOSELY ASSOCIATED WITH OXIDATIVE STRESS AND INFLAMMATION. TEA HAS ABUNDANT PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS WITH VARIOUS HEALTH BENEFITS INCLUDING ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES. THIS REVIEW FOCUSES ON THE PRESENT UNDERSTANDING OF THE IMPACT OF TEA PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS ON THE EXPRESSION OF MIRNAS, AND ELUCIDATES THE BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROTECTIVE ACTIONS OF TEA PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AGAINST OXIDATIVE STRESS- AND/OR INFLAMMATION-MEDIATED DISEASES. CLINICAL STUDIES SHOWED THAT DRINKING TEA OR TAKING CATECHIN SUPPLEMENT ON A DAILY BASIS PROMOTED THE ENDOGENOUS ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE SYSTEM OF THE BODY WHILE INHIBITING INFLAMMATORY FACTORS. THE REGULATION OF CHRONIC DISEASES BASED ON EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS, AND THE EPIGENETIC-BASED THERAPIES INVOLVING DIFFERENT TEA PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS, HAVE BEEN INSUFFICIENTLY STUDIED. THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS AND APPLICATION STRATEGIES OF MIR-27 AND MIR-34 INVOLVED IN OXIDATIVE STRESS RESPONSE AND MIR-126 AND MIR-146 INVOLVED IN INFLAMMATION PROCESS WERE PRELIMINARILY INVESTIGATED. SOME EMERGING EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT TEA PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS MAY PROMOTE EPIGENETIC CHANGES, INVOLVING NON-CODING RNA REGULATION, DNA METHYLATION, HISTONE MODIFICATION, UBIQUITIN AND SUMO MODIFICATIONS. HOWEVER, EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS AND EPIGENETIC-BASED DISEASE THERAPIES INVOLVING PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS FROM DIFFERENT TEAS, AND THE POTENTIAL CROSS-TALKS AMONG THE EPIGENETIC EVENTS, REMAIN UNDERSTUDIED.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
12  4044 22 MACROPHAGES IN OXIDATIVE STRESS AND MODELS TO EVALUATE THE ANTIOXIDANT FUNCTION OF DIETARY NATURAL COMPOUNDS. ANTIOXIDANT TESTING OF NATURAL PRODUCTS HAS ATTRACTED INCREASING INTEREST IN RECENT YEARS, MAINLY DUE TO THE FACT THAT AN ANTIOXIDANT-RICH DIET MIGHT PROVIDE HEALTH BENEFITS. ACTIVATED MACROPHAGES ARE A MAJOR SOURCE OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES, REACTIVE NITROGEN SPECIES, AND PEROXYNITRITE GENERATED THROUGH THE SO-CALLED RESPIRATORY BURST. CONSTITUTIVELY RELEASED PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE, ESPECIALLY TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA, TRIGGERS NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPAB, AND ACTIVATOR PROTEIN-1 TRANSLOCATION LEADING TO THE OVER PRODUCTION OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES AND REACTIVE NITROGEN SPECIES IN MACROPHAGES. ACTIVATION OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS IN THE LONG-LIVED TISSUE-RESIDENT MACROPHAGES AND/OR MONOCYTE-DERIVED MACROPHAGES, TRIGGER EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS LEADING TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC DISEASES. NUTRACEUTICALS INCLUDING LIPID RAFT STRUCTURE DISRUPTION AGENT, CHOLESTEROL DEPLETION AGENT, FARNESYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITOR, NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPAB BLOCKER (ALPHA,BETA-UNSATURATED CARBONYL COMPOUNDS), GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR AGONIST, AND PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-GAMMA AGONIST HAVE LONG BEEN USED TO INACTIVE MACROPHAGE. THE INHIBITION EFFECTS ON THE FORMATION OF NITRIC OXIDE, SUPEROXIDE, AND NITRITE PEROXIDE MAY BE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY FUNCTIONALITIES. ACTIVATED MACROPHAGE MODELS COULD BE USED TO IDENTIFY THE ACTIVE COMPONENTS FOR FUNCTIONAL DIETS DEVELOPMENT THROUGH A MULTIPLE TARGETS STRATEGY.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
13  6498 28 TRAINED IMMUNITY IN MONOCYTE/MACROPHAGE: NOVEL MECHANISM OF PHYTOCHEMICALS IN THE TREATMENT OF ATHEROSCLEROTIC CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. ATHEROSCLEROSIS (AS) IS THE PATHOLOGY OF ATHEROSCLEROTIC CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES (ASCVD), CHARACTERIZED BY PERSISTENT CHRONIC INFLAMMATION IN THE VESSEL WALL, IN WHICH MONOCYTES/MACROPHAGES PLAY A KEY ROLE. IT HAS BEEN REPORTED THAT INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM CELLS CAN ASSUME A PERSISTENT PROINFLAMMATORY STATE AFTER SHORT STIMULATION WITH ENDOGENOUS ATHEROGENIC STIMULI. THE PATHOGENESIS OF AS CAN BE INFLUENCED BY THIS PERSISTENT HYPERACTIVATION OF THE INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM, WHICH IS TERMED TRAINED IMMUNITY. TRAINED IMMUNITY HAS ALSO BEEN IMPLICATED AS A KEY PATHOLOGICAL MECHANISM, LEADING TO PERSISTENT CHRONIC INFLAMMATION IN AS. TRAINED IMMUNITY IS MEDIATED VIA EPIGENETIC AND METABOLIC REPROGRAMMING AND OCCURS IN MATURE INNATE IMMUNE CELLS AND THEIR BONE MARROW PROGENITORS. NATURAL PRODUCTS ARE PROMISING CANDIDATES FOR NOVEL PHARMACOLOGICAL AGENTS THAT CAN BE USED TO PREVENT OR TREAT CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES (CVD). A VARIETY OF NATURAL PRODUCTS AND AGENTS EXHIBITING ANTIATHEROSCLEROTIC ABILITIES HAVE BEEN REPORTED TO POTENTIALLY INTERFERE WITH THE PHARMACOLOGICAL TARGETS OF TRAINED IMMUNITY. THIS REVIEW DESCRIBES IN AS MUCH DETAIL AS POSSIBLE THE MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN TRAINED IMMUNITY AND HOW PHYTOCHEMICALS OF THIS PROCESS INHIBIT AS BY AFFECTING TRAINED MONOCYTES/MACROPHAGES.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
14   426 24 ANTI-DIABETIC FUNCTIONS OF SOY ISOFLAVONE GENISTEIN: MECHANISMS UNDERLYING ITS EFFECTS ON PANCREATIC BETA-CELL FUNCTION. TYPE 2 DIABETES IS A RESULT OF CHRONIC INSULIN RESISTANCE AND LOSS OF FUNCTIONAL PANCREATIC BETA-CELL MASS. STRATEGIES TO PRESERVE BETA-CELL MASS AND A GREATER UNDERSTANDING OF THE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING BETA-CELL TURNOVER ARE NEEDED TO PREVENT AND TREAT THIS DEVASTATING DISEASE. GENISTEIN, A NATURALLY OCCURRING SOY ISOFLAVONE, IS REPORTED TO HAVE NUMEROUS HEALTH BENEFITS ATTRIBUTED TO MULTIPLE BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS. OVER THE PAST 10 YEARS, NUMEROUS STUDIES HAVE DEMONSTRATED THAT GENISTEIN HAS ANTI-DIABETIC EFFECTS, IN PARTICULAR, DIRECT EFFECTS ON BETA-CELL PROLIFERATION, GLUCOSE-STIMULATED INSULIN SECRETION AND PROTECTION AGAINST APOPTOSIS, INDEPENDENT OF ITS FUNCTIONS AS AN ESTROGEN RECEPTOR AGONIST, ANTIOXIDANT, OR TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITOR. EFFECTS ARE STRUCTURE-SPECIFIC AND NOT COMMON TO ALL FLAVONOIDS. WHILE THERE ARE LIMITED DATA ON THE EFFECTS OF GENISTEIN CONSUMPTION IN HUMANS WITH DIABETES, THERE ARE A PLETHORA OF ANIMAL AND CELL-CULTURE STUDIES THAT DEMONSTRATE A DIRECT EFFECT OF GENISTEIN ON BETA-CELLS AT PHYSIOLOGICALLY RELEVANT CONCENTRATIONS (<10 MUM). THE EFFECTS APPEAR TO INVOLVE CAMP/PKA SIGNALING AND THERE ARE SOME STUDIES THAT SUGGEST AN EFFECT ON EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION. THIS REVIEW FOCUSES ON THE ANTI-DIABETIC EFFECTS OF GENISTEIN IN BOTH IN VITRO AND IN VIVO MODELS AND POTENTIAL MECHANISMS UNDERLYING ITS DIRECT EFFECTS ON BETA-CELLS.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
15  5541 23 ROLE OF DIETARY PHENOLS IN MITIGATING MICROGLIA-MEDIATED NEUROINFLAMMATION. CHRONIC NEUROINFLAMMATION IS A PATHOLOGICAL FEATURE OF A NUMBER OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) DISEASES AND IS MEDIATED BY SUSTAINED ACTIVATION OF MICROGLIAL CELLS, THE INNATE IMMUNE CELLS OF THE CNS. STUDIES HAVE MAINLY FOCUSED ON IDENTIFYING THE MOLECULAR AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS OF MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION. THIS IS CRUCIAL IN DESIGNING THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES FOR NEUROPATHOLOGIES IN WHICH PROLONGED MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION IS KNOWN TO EXACERBATE DISEASE CONDITION. IN RECENT YEARS, INCREASING EVIDENCE SHOW THAT NATURALLY OCCURRING COMPOUNDS PRESENT IN REGULAR DIET COULD FUNCTION AS "NUTRACEUTICALS," ARRESTING MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION, AND THUS CONFERRING NEUROPROTECTION. THIS REVIEW SUMMARIZES OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE ROLE OF DIETARY PHENOLIC NUTRACEUTICALS IN MITIGATING MICROGLIA-MEDIATED NEUROINFLAMMATION. STUDIES SHOW THAT THESE NATURAL PHENOLS INHIBIT KEY SIGNALING PATHWAYS IN ACTIVATED MICROGLIA SUCH AS THE NFKAPPAB, MAPK AND JAK-STAT THAT TRIGGER MICROGLIA-MEDIATED INFLAMMATION IN VARIOUS NEUROPATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS SUCH AS INJURY, INFECTION, STROKE, AUTISM AND NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES, I.E., ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND PARKINSON'S DISEASE. THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIOXIDANT EFFECT EXERTED BY THESE NATURAL PHENOLS HAVE SHOWN CONSIDERABLE SUCCESS IN IMPROVING DISEASE CONDITION IN ANIMAL MODELS OF NEUROPATHOLOGIES, AND THUS SEEM TO BE SUITABLE CANDIDATES FOR DEVELOPING THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
16  3734 28 INNATE IMMUNE MEMORY IN MONOCYTES AND MACROPHAGES: THE POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES FOR ATHEROSCLEROSIS. ATHEROSCLEROSIS IS A COMPLEX METABOLIC DISEASE CHARACTERIZED BY THE DYSFUNCTION OF LIPID METABOLISM AND CHRONIC INFLAMMATION IN THE INTIMAL SPACE OF THE VESSEL. AS THE MOST ABUNDANT INNATE IMMUNE CELLS, MONOCYTE-DERIVED MACROPHAGES PLAY A PIVOTAL ROLE IN THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE, CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM, AND FOAM CELL FORMATION. IN RECENT DECADES, IT HAS BEEN DEMONSTRATED THAT MONOCYTES AND MACROPHAGES CAN ESTABLISH INNATE IMMUNE MEMORY (ALSO TERMED TRAINED IMMUNITY) VIA ENDOGENOUS AND EXOGENOUS ATHEROGENIC STIMULI AND EXHIBIT A LONG-LASTING PROINFLAMMATORY PHENOTYPE. THE IMPORTANT CELLULAR METABOLISM PROCESSES, INCLUDING GLYCOLYSIS, OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION (OXPHOS), THE TRICARBOXYLIC ACID (TCA) CYCLE, FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS, AND CHOLESTEROL SYNTHESIS, ARE REPROGRAMMED. TRAINED MONOCYTES/MACROPHAGES WITH INNATE IMMUNE MEMORY CAN BE PERSISTENTLY HYPERACTIVATED AND CAN UNDERGO EXTENSIVE EPIGENETIC REWIRING, WHICH CONTRIBUTES TO THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS VIA INCREASED PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE PRODUCTION AND LIPID ACCUMULATION. HERE, WE PROVIDE AN OVERVIEW OF THE REGULATION OF CELLULAR METABOLIC PROCESSES AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS OF INNATE IMMUNE MEMORY IN MONOCYTES/MACROPHAGES AS WELL AS THE POTENTIAL ENDOGENOUS AND EXOGENOUS STIMULATIONS INVOLVED IN THE PROGRESSION OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS THAT HAVE BEEN REPORTED RECENTLY. THESE ELUCIDATIONS MIGHT BE BENEFICIAL FOR FURTHER UNDERSTANDING INNATE IMMUNE MEMORY AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES FOR INFLAMMATORY DISEASES AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
17  4453 27 MOLECULAR MECHANISMS AND PATHWAYS AS TARGETS FOR CANCER PREVENTION AND PROGRESSION WITH DIETARY COMPOUNDS. A UNIQUE FEATURE OF BIOACTIVE FOOD INGREDIENTS IS THEIR BROAD ANTIOXIDANT FUNCTION. ANTIOXIDANTS HAVING A WIDE SPECTRUM OF CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND ACTIVITY BEYOND BASIC NUTRITION; DISPLAY DIFFERENT HEALTH BENEFITS BY THE PREVENTION AND PROGRESSION OF CHRONIC DISEASES. FUNCTIONAL FOOD COMPONENTS ARE CAPABLE OF ENHANCING THE NATURAL ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE SYSTEM BY SCAVENGING REACTIVE OXYGEN AND NITROGEN SPECIES, PROTECTING AND REPAIRING DNA DAMAGE, AS WELL AS MODULATING THE SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS AND GENE EXPRESSION. MAJOR PATHWAYS AFFECTED BY BIOACTIVE FOOD INGREDIENTS INCLUDE THE PRO-INFLAMMATORY PATHWAYS REGULATED BY NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPA B (NF-KAPPAB), AS WELL AS THOSE ASSOCIATED WITH CYTOKINES AND CHEMOKINES. THE PRESENT REVIEW SUMMARIZES THE IMPORTANCE OF PLANT BIOACTIVES AND THEIR ROLES IN THE REGULATION OF INFLAMMATORY PATHWAYS. BIOACTIVES INFLUENCE SEVERAL PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES SUCH AS GENE EXPRESSION, CELL CYCLE REGULATION, CELL PROLIFERATION, CELL MIGRATION, ETC., RESULTING IN CANCER PREVENTION. CANCER INITIATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH CHANGES IN METABOLIC PATHWAYS SUCH AS GLUCOSE METABOLISM, AND THE EFFECT OF BIOACTIVES IN NORMALIZING THIS PROCESS HAS BEEN PROVIDED. INITIATION AND PROGRESSION OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES (IBD) WHICH INCREASE THE CHANCES OF DEVELOPING OF COLORECTAL CANCERS CAN BE DOWNREGULATED BY PLANT BIOACTIVES. SEVERAL ASPECTS OF THE POTENTIAL ROLES OF MICRORNAS AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CANCERS HAVE ALSO BEEN PRESENTED.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
18  6290 23 THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF NUTRITIONAL GENOMICS TOOLS IN VALIDATING HIGH HEALTH FOODS FOR CANCER CONTROL: BROCCOLI AS EXAMPLE. NUTRITIONAL GENOMICS REFLECTS GENE/NUTRIENT INTERACTIONS, UTILISING HIGH-THROUGHPUT GENOMIC TOOLS IN NUTRITION RESEARCH. THE FIELD ALSO CONSIDERS THE CONTRIBUTION OF INDIVIDUAL GENOTYPES TO WELLNESS AND THE RISK OF CHRONIC DISEASE (NUTRIGENETICS), AND HOW SUCH GENETIC PREDISPOSITION MAY BE MODIFIED BY APPROPRIATE DIETS. FOR EXAMPLE, HIGH CONSUMPTION OF BRASSICACEOUS VEGETABLES, INCLUDING BROCCOLI, HAS REGULARLY ASSOCIATED WITH LOW CANCER RISK. BIOACTIVE CHEMICALS IN BROCCOLI INCLUDE GLUCOSINOLATES, PLANT PIGMENTS INCLUDING KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN, LUTEIN AND CAROTENOIDS, VARIOUS VITAMINS, MINERALS AND AMINO ACIDS. CANCER PREVENTION IS HYPOTHESISED TO ACT THROUGH VARIOUS MECHANISMS INCLUDING MODULATION OF XENOBIOTIC METABOLISING ENZYMES, NF-E2 P45-RELATED FACTOR-2 (NRF2)-MEDIATED STRESS-RESPONSE MECHANISMS, AND PROTECTION AGAINST GENOMIC INSTABILITY. BROCCOLI AND BROCCOLI EXTRACTS ALSO REGULATE THE PROGRESSION OF CANCER THROUGH ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS, EFFECTS ON SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION, EPIGENETIC EFFECTS AND MODULATION OF THE COLONIC MICROFLORA. HUMAN INTERVENTION STUDIES WITH BROCCOLI AND RELATED FOODS, USING STANDARD BIOMARKER METHODOLOGIES, REVEAL PART OF A COMPLEX PICTURE. NUTRIGENOMIC APPROACHES, ESPECIALLY TRANSCRIPTOMICS, ENABLE SIMULTANEOUS STUDY OF VARIOUS SIGNALLING PATHWAYS AND NETWORKS. PHENOTYPIC, GENETIC AND/OR METABOLIC STRATIFICATION MAY IDENTIFY INDIVIDUALS MOST LIKELY TO RESPOND POSITIVELY TO FOODS OR DIETS. JOINTLY, THESE TECHNOLOGIES CAN PROVIDE PROOF OF HUMAN EFFICACY, AND MAY BE ESSENTIAL TO ENSURE EFFECTIVE MARKET TRANSFER AND UPTAKE OF BROCCOLI AND RELATED FOODS.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
19  2546 34 EPIGENETICS IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS: MOLECULAR MECHANISMS AND DIETARY INTERVENTION. INTRODUCTION: MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) IS A CHRONIC, INFLAMMATORY, NEURODEGENERATIVE DEMYELINATING DISEASE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS). UNFORTUNATELY, MS CAUSES IMPORTANT DISABILITY IN YOUNG ADULTS AND ITS PREVALENCE IS INCREASING. WHILE THE ETIOLOGY OF MS ETIOLOGY IS NOT COMPLETELY UNDERSTOOD, IT SEEMS TO BE A MULTIFACTORIAL ENTITY THAT IS INFLUENCED BY BOTH GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS. EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS ADD OR REMOVE DIFFERENT CHEMICAL GROUPS FOR THE ACTIVATION OR INHIBITION OF GENE EXPRESSION TO BLOCK THE PRODUCTION OF PROINFLAMMATORY PROTEINS. IT IS TRULY IMPORTANT TO IDENTIFY THE FACTORS THAT CAN TRIGGER EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN MS TO COMPLEMENT THE THERAPEUTIC APPROACH, PREVENT DISABILITY AND IMPROVE PATIENTS QUALITY OF LIFE. HERE, WE HAVE CONDUCTED A REVIEW OF EXTERNAL FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE IN MS AND THEIR EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. FOR EXAMPLE, HYPOMETHYLATION CAN PROMOTE CHANGES IN THE MYELIN AND SUBSEQUENT AUTOIMMUNE REACTIONS. THERAPEUTIC TOOLS CAN BE USED, INCLUDING THE HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR TRICHOSTATIN A, WHICH AMELIORATES DEMYELINATING DISEASES IN RODENTS. HOWEVER, DRUGS ARE NOT ONLY THE THERAPEUTIC OPTION: RECENT STUDIES HAVE ALSO EVALUATED THE THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF SEVERAL BIOACTIVE DIETARY COMPONENTS IN NEURODEGENERATION AND AXONAL DYSFUNCTION. NUMEROUS FOOD-DERIVED MOLECULES EXERT IMPORTANT METABOLIC ACTIONS. THESE MOLECULES INCLUDE PLANT POLYPHENOLS SUCH AS CATECHINS AND ISOFLAVONES, OMEGA-3 AND OMEGA-6 POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS, SHORT-CHAIN FATTY ACIDS, SULFUR-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS SUCH AS DALLY SULFIDE AND OTHER COMPOUNDS. ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY COMPONENTS IN THE DIET INVOLVE TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS AS WELL. HOWEVER, MANY EXTERNAL FACTORS HAVE SHOWN TO INFLUENCE MS, ALTHOUGH NO SPECIFIC EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS ARE KNOWN. CONCLUSION: IN THIS REVIEW, WE GATHER BOTH ESTABLISHED AND NEW EVIDENCES ABOUT THE GENETIC, EPIGENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INFLUENCING MS AND THE DIETARY COMPONENTS THAT COULD MODULATE MS RELAPSE AND PROGRESSION.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
20  5351 23 RATIONALE FOR DIETARY ANTIOXIDANT TREATMENT OF ADHD. INCREASING UNDERSTANDING ARISES REGARDING DISADVANTAGES OF STIMULANT MEDICATION IN CHILDREN WITH ADHD (ATTENTION-DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER). THIS REVIEW PRESENTS SCIENTIFIC FINDINGS SUPPORTING DIETARY ANTIOXIDANT TREATMENT OF ADHD AND DESCRIBES SUBSTANTIAL ALTERATIONS IN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM, EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION, AND OXIDATIVE STRESS REGULATION IN ADHD. AS A RESULT, CHRONIC INFLAMMATION AND OXIDATIVE STRESS COULD DEVELOP, WHICH CAN LEAD TO ADHD SYMPTOMS, FOR EXAMPLE BY CHRONIC T-CELL-MEDIATED NEUROINFLAMMATION, AS WELL AS BY NEURONAL OXIDATIVE DAMAGE AND LOSS OF NORMAL CEREBRAL FUNCTIONS. THEREFORE, MODULATION OF IMMUNE SYSTEM ACTIVITY AND OXIDANT-ANTIOXIDANT BALANCE USING NUTRITIONAL APPROACHES MIGHT HAVE POTENTIAL IN ADHD TREATMENT. THE USE OF NATURAL ANTIOXIDANTS AGAINST OXIDATIVE CONDITIONS IS AN EMERGING FIELD IN THE MANAGEMENT OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES. DIETARY POLYPHENOLS, FOR EXAMPLE, HAVE ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITIES AS WELL AS IMMUNOREGULATORY EFFECTS AND, THEREFORE, APPEAR APPROPRIATE IN ADHD THERAPY. THIS REVIEW CAN STIMULATE THE DEVELOPMENT AND INVESTIGATION OF DIETARY ANTIOXIDANT TREATMENT IN ADHD, WHICH IS HIGHLY DESIRED.	2018