1  6681 136 USING ZEBRAFISH EMBRYO BIOASSAYS TO IDENTIFY CHEMICALS MODULATING THE REGULATION OF THE EPIGENOME: A CASE STUDY WITH SIMVASTATIN. CONTAMINANTS OF EMERGING CONCERN HAVE BEEN INCREASINGLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE MODULATION OF THE EPIGENOME, LEADING TO POTENTIALLY INHERITED AND PERSISTENT IMPACTS ON APICAL ENDPOINTS. HERE, WE ADDRESS THE PERFORMANCE OF THE OECD TEST NO. 236 FET (FISH EMBRYO ACUTE TOXICITY) IN THE IDENTIFICATION OF CHEMICALS ABLE TO MODULATE THE EPIGENOME. USING ZEBRAFISH (DANIO RERIO) EMBRYOS, ACUTE AND CHRONIC EXPOSURES WERE PERFORMED WITH THE PHARMACEUTICAL, SIMVASTATIN (SIM), A WIDELY PRESCRIBED HYPOCHOLESTEROLEMIC DRUG REPORTED TO INDUCE INTER AND TRANSGENERATIONAL EFFECTS. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, THE EPIGENETIC EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTALLY RELEVANT CONCENTRATIONS OF SIM (FROM 8 NG/L TO 2000 NG/L) WERE ADDRESSED FOLLOWING (1) AN ACUTE EMBRYO ASSAY BASED ON OECD TEST NO. 236 FET, (2) A CHRONIC PARTIAL LIFE-CYCLE EXPOSURE USING ADULT ZEBRAFISH (90 DAYS), AND (3) F1 EMBRYOS OBTAINED FROM PARENTAL EXPOSED ANIMALS. SIMVASTATIN INDUCED SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS IN GENE EXPRESSION OF KEY EPIGENETIC BIOMARKERS (DNA METHYLATION AND HISTONE ACETYLATION/DEACETYLATION) IN THE GONADS OF EXPOSED ADULT ZEBRAFISH AND IN 80 HPF ZEBRAFISH EMBRYOS (ACUTE AND CHRONIC PARENTAL INTERGENERATIONAL EXPOSURE), ALBEIT WITH DISTINCT EFFECT PROFILES BETWEEN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES. IN THE CHRONIC EXPOSURE, SIM IMPACTED PARTICULARLY DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE GENES IN MALES AND FEMALE GONADS, WHEREAS IN F1 EMBRYOS SIM AFFECTED MOSTLY GENES ASSOCIATED WITH HISTONE ACETYLATION/DEACETYLATION. IN THE EMBRYO ACUTE DIRECT EXPOSURE, SIM MODULATED THE EXPRESSION OF BOTH GENES INVOLVED IN DNA METHYLATION AND HISTONE DEACETYLASE. THESE FINDINGS FURTHER SUPPORT THE USE OF EPIGENETIC BIOMARKERS IN ZEBRAFISH EMBRYOS IN A HIGH THROUGHPUT APPROACH TO IDENTIFY AND PRIORITIZE EPIGENOME-MODULATING CHEMICALS.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
2  3835  33 IONISING RADIATION INDUCES PROMOTER DNA HYPOMETHYLATION AND PERTURBS TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVITY OF GENES INVOLVED IN MORPHOGENESIS DURING GASTRULATION IN ZEBRAFISH. EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT IS PARTICULARLY VULNERABLE TO STRESS AND DNA DAMAGE, AS MUTATIONS CAN ACCUMULATE THROUGH CELL PROLIFERATION IN A WIDE NUMBER OF CELLS AND ORGANS. HOWEVER, THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO IONISING RADIATION (IR) AT LOW AND MODERATE DOSE RATES (< 6 MGY/H) REMAIN LARGELY CONTROVERSIAL, RAISING CONCERNS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION. THE PRESENT STUDY FOCUSES ON THE MOLECULAR EFFECTS OF IR (0.005 TO 50 MGY/H) ON ZEBRAFISH EMBRYOS AT THE GASTRULA STAGE (6 HPF), AT BOTH THE TRANSCRIPTOMICS AND EPIGENETICS LEVELS. OUR RESULTS SHOW THAT EXPOSURE TO IR MODIFIES THE EXPRESSION OF GENES INVOLVED IN MITOCHONDRIAL ACTIVITY FROM 0.5 TO 50 MGY/H. IN ADDITION, IMPORTANT DEVELOPMENTAL PATHWAYS, NAMELY, THE NOTCH, RETINOIC ACID, BMP AND WNT SIGNALLING PATHWAYS, WERE ALTERED AT 5 AND 50 MGY/H. TRANSCRIPTIONAL CHANGES OF GENES INVOLVED IN THE MORPHOGENESIS OF THE ECTODERM AND MESODERM WERE DETECTED AT ALL DOSE RATES, BUT WERE PROMINENT FROM 0.5 TO 50 MGY/H. AT THE EPIGENETIC LEVEL, EXPOSURE TO IR INDUCED A HYPOMETHYLATION OF DNA IN THE PROMOTER OF GENES THAT COLOCALISED WITH BOTH H3K27ME3 AND H3KME4 HISTONE MARKS AND CORRELATED WITH CHANGES IN TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVITY. FINALLY, PATHWAY ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS DEMONSTRATED THAT THE DNA METHYLATION CHANGES OCCURRED IN THE PROMOTER OF IMPORTANT DEVELOPMENTAL GENES, INCLUDING MORPHOGENESIS OF THE ECTODERM AND MESODERM. TOGETHER, THESE RESULTS SHOW THAT THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROGRAM REGULATING MORPHOGENESIS IN GASTRULATING EMBRYOS WAS MODIFIED AT DOSE RATES GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 0.5 MGY/H, WHICH MIGHT PREDICT POTENTIAL NEUROGENESIS AND SOMITOGENESIS DEFECTS OBSERVED AT SIMILAR DOSE RATES LATER IN DEVELOPMENT.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
3  6078  28 THE EFFECT OF CHRONIC ARSENIC EXPOSURE IN ZEBRAFISH. ARSENIC IS A PREVALENT ENVIRONMENTAL TOXIN AND A GROUP ONE HUMAN CARCINOGENIC AGENT. CHRONIC ARSENIC EXPOSURE HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH MANY HUMAN DISEASES. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY IS TO EVALUATE ZEBRAFISH AS AN ANIMAL MODEL TO ASSESS ARSENIC TOXICITY IN ELEVATED LONG-TERM ARSENIC EXPOSURE. WITH PROLONGED EXPOSURE (6 MONTHS) TO VARIOUS CONCENTRATIONS OF ARSENIC FROM 50 PPB TO 300 PPB, EFFECTS OF ARSENIC ACCUMULATION IN ZEBRAFISH TISSUES, AND PHENOTYPES WERE INVESTIGATED. RESULTS SHOWED THAT THERE ARE NO SIGNIFICANT CHANGES OF ARSENIC RETENTION IN ZEBRAFISH TISSUES, AND ZEBRAFISH DID NOT EXHIBIT ANY VISIBLE TUMOR FORMATION UNDER ARSENIC EXPOSURE CONDITIONS. HOWEVER, THE ZEBRAFISH DEMONSTRATE A DYSFUNCTION IN THEIR NEUROLOGICAL SYSTEM, WHICH IS REFLECTED BY A REDUCTION OF LOCOMOTIVE ACTIVITY. MOREOVER, ELEVATED LEVELS OF THE SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE (SOD2) PROTEIN WERE DETECTED IN THE EYE AND LIVER, SUGGESTING INCREASED OXIDATIVE STRESS. IN ADDITION, THE PROGENIES OF ARSENIC-TREATED PARENTS DISPLAYED A SMALLER BIOMASS (FOUR-FOLD REDUCTION IN BODY WEIGHT) COMPARED WITH THOSE FROM THEIR PARENTAL CONTROLS. THIS RESULT INDICATES THAT ARSENIC MAY INDUCE GENETIC OR EPIGENETIC CHANGES THAT ARE THEN PASSED ON TO THE NEXT GENERATION. OVERALL, THIS STUDY DEMONSTRATES THAT ZEBRAFISH IS A CONVENIENT VERTEBRATE MODEL WITH ADVANTAGES IN THE EVALUATION OF ARSENIC-ASSOCIATED NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AS WELL AS ITS INFLUENCES ON THE OFFSPRING.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
4  4008  31 LOW DOSE OF URANIUM INDUCES MULTIGENERATIONAL EPIGENETIC EFFECTS IN RAT KIDNEY. PURPOSE: A PROTOCOL OF CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO LOW DOSE OF URANIUM WAS ESTABLISHED IN ORDER TO DISTINGUISH THE SEXUAL DIFFERENCES AND THE DEVELOPMENTAL PROCESS THAT ARE CRITICAL WINDOWS FOR EPIGENETIC EFFECTS OVER GENERATIONS. METHODS: BOTH MALE AND FEMALE RATS WERE CONTAMINATED THROUGH THEIR DRINKING WATER WITH A NON-TOXIC SOLUTION OF URANYL NITRATE FOR 9 MONTHS. THE EXPOSED GENERATION (F0) AND THE FOLLOWING TWO GENERATIONS (F1 AND F2) WERE EXAMINED. CLINICAL MONITORING, GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION PROFILE AND DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES (DNMTS) GENE EXPRESSION WERE ANALYZED IN KIDNEYS. RESULTS: WHILE THE BODY WEIGHT OF F1 MALES INCREASED, A SMALL DECREASE IN KIDNEY AND BODY WEIGHT WAS OBSERVED IN F2 MALES. IN ADDITION, GLOBAL DNA HYPERMETHYLATION PROFILE IN KIDNEY CELLS WAS OBSERVED IN F1 AND F2 MALES. QPCR RESULTS REVEAL A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE OF METHYLTRANSFERASE GENES EXPRESSION (DNMT1 AND DNMT3A) FOR F2 FEMALES. CONCLUSIONS: IN THE FIELD OF PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY AND TO RAISE ATTENTION TO GENERATIONAL EFFECTS FOR THE RISK ASSESSMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES, LOW DOSES OF URANIUM DO NOT IMPLY CLINICAL EFFECTS ON ADULT EXPOSED RATS. HOWEVER, OUR RESULTS CONFIRM THE IMPORTANCE OF THE DEVELOPMENTAL WINDOWS' SENSITIVITY IN ADDITION TO THE SEXUAL DIMORPHISMS OF THE OFFSPRING.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
5    73  34 A MULTI-GENERATIONAL STUDY ON LOW-DOSE BPA EXPOSURE IN WISTAR RATS: EFFECTS ON MATERNAL BEHAVIOR, FLAVOR INTAKE AND DEVELOPMENT. BISPHENOL A (BPA) IS A COMMON ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR FOUND AS AN ENVIRONMENTAL AND FOOD CONTAMINANT. IT EXERTS BOTH DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS, MAINLY WHEN EXPOSURE OCCURS IN EARLY LIFE. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE THE MULTI-GENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF CHRONIC, HUMAN-RELEVANT LOW-DOSE EXPOSURE TO BPA ON DEVELOPMENT, MATERNAL BEHAVIOR AND FLAVOR PREFERENCE IN WISTAR RATS. BPA WAS ORALLY ADMINISTERED AT A DAILY DOSE OF 5 MUG/KG BODY WEIGHT TO F0 PREGNANT DAMS FROM THE FIRST DAY OF GESTATION (GD 1) UNTIL THE LAST DAY OF LACTATION (LD 21), AND THEN TO F1 OFFSPRING FROM WEANING (PND 21) TO ADULTHOOD (PND 100). F2 OFFSPRING WERE NOT EXPOSED. DEVELOPMENT AND CLINICAL SIGNS OF TOXICITY WERE ASSESSED DAILY. MATERNAL BEHAVIOR WAS EVALUATED BY OBSERVING NURSING AND PUP-CARING ACTIONS, AS WELL AS "NON-MATERNAL" BEHAVIORS IN F0 AND F1 DAMS FROM PARTURITION UNTIL LD 8. THE FLAVOR PREFERENCES OF F1 AND F2 OFFSPRING WERE EVALUATED BASED ON THE INTAKE OF SWEET, SALT AND FAT SOLUTIONS USING THE TWO-BOTTLE CHOICE TEST ON PND 21-34 AND PND 86-99. BPA EXPOSURE: 1) DECREASED MATERNAL BEHAVIOR IN F1 DAMS, 2) CAUSED DEVELOPMENTAL DEFECTS IN BOTH F1 AND F2 OFFSPRING, WITH A NOTICEABLE DECREASE IN ANOGENITAL DISTANCE IN MALE RATS, AND 3) DID NOT AFFECT FLAVORED SOLUTION INTAKE IN F1, BUT INDUCED CHANGES IN SWEET PREFERENCE IN F2 JUVENILES AND IN SALT AND FAT SOLUTION INTAKES IN F2 ADULTS, AND 4) INDUCED A BODY WEIGHT INCREASE IN THE F2 GENERATION ONLY, WHEREAS FOOD INTAKE AND WATER CONSUMPTION DID NOT CHANGE. TAKEN AS A WHOLE, OUR FINDINGS SHOWED THAT BOTH GESTATIONAL (F0) AND LIFELONG (F1) EXPOSURES TO A HUMAN-RELEVANT DOSE OF BPA COULD INDUCE MULTI-GENERATIONAL EFFECTS ON BOTH DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST POSSIBLE SELECTIVE NEUROENDOCRINE DEFECTS AND/OR EPIGENETIC CHANGES CAUSED BY BPA EXPOSURE.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
6  4875  30 OVEREXPRESSION OF AKT1 ENHANCES ADIPOGENESIS AND LEADS TO LIPOMA FORMATION IN ZEBRAFISH. BACKGROUND: OBESITY IS A COMPLEX, MULTIFACTORIAL DISORDER INFLUENCED BY THE INTERACTION OF GENETIC, EPIGENETIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS. OBESITY INCREASES THE RISK OF CONTRACTING MANY CHRONIC DISEASES OR METABOLIC SYNDROME. RESEARCHERS HAVE ESTABLISHED SEVERAL MAMMALIAN MODELS OF OBESITY TO STUDY ITS UNDERLYING MECHANISM. HOWEVER, A LOWER VERTEBRATE MODEL FOR CONVENIENTLY PERFORMING DRUG SCREENING AGAINST OBESITY REMAINS ELUSIVE. THE SPECIFIC AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO CREATE A ZEBRAFISH OBESITY MODEL BY OVER EXPRESSING THE INSULIN SIGNALING HUB OF THE AKT1 GENE. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: SKIN ONCOGENIC TRANSFORMATION SCREENING SHOWS THAT A STABLE ZEBRAFISH TRANSGENIC OF TG(KRT4HSA.MYRAKT1)(CY18) DISPLAYS SEVERELY OBESE PHENOTYPES AT THE ADULT STAGE. IN TG(KRT4:HSA.MYRAKT1)(CY18), THE EXPRESSION OF EXOGENOUS HUMAN CONSTITUTIVELY ACTIVE AKT1 (MYRAKT1) CAN ACTIVATE ENDOGENOUS DOWNSTREAM TARGETS OF MTOR, GSK-3ALPHA/BETA, AND 70S6K. DURING THE EMBRYONIC TO LARVAL TRANSITORY PHASE, THE SPECIFIC OVER EXPRESSION OF MYRAKT1 IN SKIN CAN PROMOTE HYPERTROPHIC AND HYPERPLASTIC GROWTH. FROM 21 HOUR POST-FERTILIZATION (HPF) ONWARDS, MYRAKT1 TRANSGENE WAS ECTOPICALLY EXPRESSED IN SEVERAL MESENCHYMAL DERIVED TISSUES. THIS MAY BE THE RESULT OF THE INTEGRATION POSITION EFFECT. TG(KRT4:HSA.MYRAKT1)(CY18) CAUSED A RAPID INCREASE OF BODY WEIGHT, HYPERPLASTIC GROWTH OF ADIPOCYTES, ABNORMAL ACCUMULATION OF FAT TISSUES, AND BLOOD GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE AT THE ADULT STAGE. REAL-TIME RT-PCR ANALYSIS SHOWED THE MAJORITY OF KEY GENES ON REGULATING ADIPOGENESIS, ADIPOCYTOKINE, AND INFLAMMATION ARE HIGHLY UPREGULATED IN TG(KRT4:HSA.MYRAKT1)(CY18). IN CONTRAST, THE MYOGENESIS- AND SKELETOGENESIS-RELATED GENE TRANSCRIPTS ARE SIGNIFICANTLY DOWNREGULATED IN TG(KRT4:HSA.MYRAKT1)(CY18), SUGGESTING THAT EXCESS ADIPOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION OCCURS AT THE EXPENSE OF OTHER MESENCHYMAL DERIVED TISSUES. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: COLLECTIVELY, THE FINDINGS OF THIS STUDY PROVIDE DIRECT EVIDENCE THAT AKT1 SIGNALING PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN BALANCING NORMAL LEVELS OF FAT TISSUE IN VIVO. THE OBESE ZEBRAFISH EXAMINED IN THIS STUDY COULD BE A NEW POWERFUL MODEL TO SCREEN NOVEL DRUGS FOR THE TREATMENT OF HUMAN OBESITY.	2012	
                                                                                                                                           
7   891  40 CHRONIC EFFECTS OF CLOFIBRIC ACID IN ZEBRAFISH (DANIO RERIO): A MULTIGENERATIONAL STUDY. CLOFIBRIC ACID (CA) IS AN ACTIVE METABOLITE OF THE BLOOD LIPID LOWERING AGENT CLOFIBRATE, A PHARMACEUTICAL DESIGNED TO WORK AS AGONIST OF PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR ALPHA (PPARA). IT IS THE MOST COMMONLY REPORTED FIBRATE IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS WITH LOW DEGRADATION RATE AND POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE. PREVIOUS FISH EXPOSURES SHOWED THAT CA MAY IMPACT SPERMATOGENESIS, GROWTH AND THE EXPRESSION OF FAT BINDING PROTEIN GENES. HOWEVER, THERE ARE LIMITED DATA ON THE EFFECTS OF CHRONIC MULTIGENERATIONAL CA EXPOSURES. HERE, WE ASSESSED CHRONIC MULTIGENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF CA EXPOSURE USING ZEBRAFISH (DANIO RERIO) AS A TELEOST MODEL. ZEBRAFISH WERE EXPOSED THROUGH THE DIET TO CA (1 AND 10MG/G) DURING THEIR WHOLE LIFETIME. GROWTH, REPRODUCTION-RELATED PARAMETERS AND EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT WERE ASSESSED IN THE EXPOSED FISH (F1 GENERATION) AND THEIR OFFSPRING (F2 GENERATION), TOGETHER WITH MUSCLE TRIGLYCERIDE CONTENT AND GONAD HISTOLOGY. IN ORDER TO STUDY THE POTENTIAL UNDERLYING MECHANISMS, THE TRANSCRIPTION LEVELS OF GENES CODING FOR ENZYMES INVOLVED IN LIPID METABOLISM PATHWAYS WERE DETERMINED. THE RESULTS SHOW THAT CHRONIC LIFE-CYCLE EXPOSURE TO CA INDUCED A SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION IN GROWTH OF F1 GENERATION AND LOWERED TRIGLYCERIDE MUSCLE CONTENT (10MG/G GROUP). ALSO, AN IMPACT IN MALE GONAD DEVELOPMENT WAS OBSERVED TOGETHER WITH A DECREASE IN THE FECUNDITY (10MG/G GROUP) AND HIGHER FREQUENCY OF EMBRYO ABNORMALITIES IN THE OFFSPRING OF FISH EXPOSED TO THE LOWEST CA DOSE. THE PROFILE OF THE TARGET GENES WAS SEX- AND TISSUE-DEPENDENT. IN F1 AN UP-REGULATION OF MALE HEPATIC PPARAA, PPARB AND ACOX TRANSCRIPT LEVELS WAS OBSERVED, SUGGESTING AN ACTIVATION OF THE FATTY ACID METABOLISM (PROVIDED THAT TRANSCRIPT LEVEL CHANGE INDICATES ALSO A PROTEIN LEVEL CHANGE). INTERESTINGLY, THE F2 GENERATION, RAISED WITH CONTROL DIET, DISPLAYED A RESPONSE PATTERN DIFFERENT FROM THAT OBSERVED IN F1, SHOWING AN INCREASE IN WEIGHT IN THE DESCENDANTS OF CA EXPOSED FISH, IN COMPARISON WITH CONTROL ANIMALS, WHICH POINTS TO A MULTIGENERATIONAL EFFECT.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
8   701  25 BROWN FAT DNMT3B DEFICIENCY AMELIORATES OBESITY IN FEMALE MICE. OBESITY RESULTS FROM A CHRONIC ENERGY IMBALANCE DUE TO ENERGY INTAKE EXCEEDING ENERGY EXPENDITURE. ACTIVATION OF BROWN FAT THERMOGENESIS HAS BEEN SHOWN TO COMBAT OBESITY. EPIGENETIC REGULATION, INCLUDING DNA METHYLATION, HAS EMERGED AS A KEY REGULATOR OF BROWN FAT THERMOGENIC FUNCTION. HERE WE AIMED TO STUDY THE ROLE OF DNMT3B, A DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE INVOLVED IN DE NOVO DNA METHYLATION, IN THE REGULATION OF BROWN FAT THERMOGENESIS AND OBESITY. WE FOUND THAT THE SPECIFIC DELETION OF DNMT3B IN BROWN FAT PROMOTES THE THERMOGENIC AND MITOCHONDRIAL PROGRAM IN BROWN FAT, ENHANCES ENERGY EXPENDITURE, AND DECREASES ADIPOSITY IN FEMALE MICE FED A REGULAR CHOW DIET. WITH A LEAN PHENOTYPE, THE FEMALE KNOCKOUT MICE ALSO EXHIBIT INCREASED INSULIN SENSITIVITY. IN ADDITION, DNMT3B DEFICIENCY IN BROWN FAT ALSO PREVENTS DIET-INDUCED OBESITY AND INSULIN RESISTANCE IN FEMALE MICE. INTERESTINGLY, OUR RNA-SEQ ANALYSIS REVEALED AN UPREGULATION OF THE PI3K-AKT PATHWAY IN THE BROWN FAT OF FEMALE DNMT3B KNOCKOUT MICE. HOWEVER, MALE DNMT3B KNOCKOUT MICE HAVE NO CHANGE IN THEIR BODY WEIGHT, SUGGESTING THE EXISTENCE OF SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN THE BROWN FAT DNMT3B KNOCKOUT MODEL. OUR DATA DEMONSTRATE THAT DNMT3B PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE REGULATION OF BROWN FAT FUNCTION, ENERGY METABOLISM AND OBESITY IN FEMALE MICE.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
9  6280  35 THE PLASTICIZER BISPHENOL A PERTURBS THE HEPATIC EPIGENOME: A SYSTEMS LEVEL ANALYSIS OF THE MIRNOME. UBIQUITOUS EXPOSURE TO BISPHENOL A (BPA), AN ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR (ED), HAS RAISED CONCERNS FOR BOTH HUMAN AND ECOSYSTEM HEALTH. EPIGENETIC FACTORS, INCLUDING MICRORNAS (MIRNAS), ARE KEY REGULATORS OF GENE EXPRESSION DURING CANCER. THE EFFECT OF BPA EXPOSURE ON THE ZEBRAFISH EPIGENOME REMAINS POORLY CHARACTERIZED. ZEBRAFISH REPRESENTS AN EXCELLENT MODEL TO STUDY CANCER AS THE ORGANISM DEVELOPS A DISEASE THAT RESEMBLES HUMAN CANCER. USING ZEBRAFISH AS A SYSTEMS TOXICOLOGY MODEL, WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT CHRONIC BPA-EXPOSURE IMPACTS THE MIRNOME IN ADULT ZEBRAFISH AND ESTABLISHES AN EPIGENOME MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO CANCER DEVELOPMENT. AFTER A 3 WEEK EXPOSURE TO 100 NM BPA, RNA FROM THE LIVER WAS EXTRACTED TO PERFORM HIGH THROUGHPUT MRNA AND MIRNA SEQUENCING. DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION (DE) ANALYSES COMPARING BPA-EXPOSED TO CONTROL SPECIMENS WERE PERFORMED USING ESTABLISHED BIOINFORMATICS PIPELINES. IN THE BPA-EXPOSED LIVER, 6188 MRNAS AND 15 MIRNAS WERE DIFFERENTLY EXPRESSED (Q </= 0.1). BY ANALYZING HUMAN ORTHOLOGS OF THE DE ZEBRAFISH GENES, SIGNATURES ASSOCIATED WITH NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD), OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION, MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION AND CELL CYCLE WERE UNCOVERED. CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO BPA HAS A SIGNIFICANT IMPACT ON THE LIVER MIRNOME AND TRANSCRIPTOME IN ADULT ZEBRAFISH WITH THE POTENTIAL TO CAUSE ADVERSE HEALTH OUTCOMES INCLUDING CANCER.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
10  6545  29 TRANSCRIPTOMIC AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN THE HYPOTHALAMUS ARE INVOLVED IN AN INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO A HIGH-FAT-SUCROSE DIET IN PRENATALLY STRESSED FEMALE RATS. DISTURBANCES IN THE PRENATAL PERIOD ARE LINKED TO METABOLIC DISORDERS IN ADULTHOOD, IMPLYING THE HYPOTHALAMIC SYSTEMS OF APPETITE AND ENERGY BALANCE REGULATION. IN ORDER TO ANALYZE THE CENTRAL EFFECTS OF A HIGH-FAT-SUCROSE (HFS) DIET IN PRENATALLY STRESSED (PNS) FEMALE ADULT RATS, WISTAR DAMS WERE EXPOSED TO CHRONIC-MILD-STRESS DURING THE THIRD WEEK OF GESTATION AND WERE THEN COMPARED WITH UNSTRESSED CONTROLS. ADULT FEMALE OFFSPRING WERE FED A CHOW OR HFS DIET FOR 10 WEEKS. CHANGES IN BODY WEIGHT, ADIPOSITY AS WELL AS EXPRESSION AND METHYLATION LEVELS OF SELECTED HYPOTHALAMIC GENES WERE ANALYZED. PNS INDUCED LOWER BIRTHWEIGHT AND BODY LENGTH WITH NO CHANGES IN BODY FAT MASS. AFTER THE HFS DIET, THE EXPECTED OVERWEIGHT MODEL WAS OBSERVED ACCOMPANIED BY HIGHER ADIPOSITY AND INSULIN RESISTANCE, WHICH WAS WORSENED BY PNS. THE STRESS MODEL INDUCED HIGHER ENERGY INTAKE IN ADULTHOOD. HYPOTHALAMIC GENE EXPRESSION ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT THE HFS DIET DECREASED SLC6A3 (DOPAMINE ACTIVE TRANSPORTER), NPY (NEUROPEPTIDE Y) AND IR (INSULIN RECEPTOR) AND INCREASED POMC (PRO-OPIOMELANOCORTIN). HYPOTHALAMIC DNA METHYLATION LEVELS IN THE PROMOTER REGION OF SLC6A3 REVEALED THAT SLC6A3 WAS HYPERMETHYLATED BY THE HFS DIET IN CPG SITE -53 BP TO THE TRANSCRIPTION START SITE. HFS DIET ALSO HYPERMETHYLATED CPG SITE -167 BP OF THE POMC PROMOTER ONLY IN NONSTRESSED ANIMALS. NO CORRELATIONS WERE FOUND BETWEEN GENE EXPRESSION AND DNA METHYLATION LEVELS. THESE RESULTS IMPLY THAT EARLY-LIFE STRESS IN FEMALES INCREASED PREDISPOSITION TO DIET-INDUCED OBESITY IN ADULTHOOD.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
11  3812  35 INTRAUTERINE ENDOGENOUS HIGH GLUCOCORTICOIDS PROGRAM OVARIAN DYSFUNCTION IN FEMALE OFFSPRING SECONDARY TO PRENATAL CAFFEINE EXPOSURE. OVARIAN DYSFUNCTION HAS AN INTRAUTERINE ORIGIN, AND PRENATAL CAFFEINE EXPOSURE (PCE) COULD LEAD TO ABNORMAL FOLLICLE COUNTS IN OFFSPRING AFTER BIRTH. HOWEVER, THE EFFECT OF PCE ON OFFSPRING OVARIAN FUNCTION AND ITS MECHANISM OF INTRAUTERINE PROGRAMMING HAVE NOT BEEN REPORTED THUS FAR. IN THIS STUDY, PREGNANT WISTAR RATS WERE INTRAGASTRICALLY ADMINISTERED CAFFEINE (30 AND 120 MG/KG.D) AT GESTATIONAL DAYS 9-20 (GD9-20). CERTAIN TESTS WERE PERFORMED ON THE BLOOD, OVARIES AND HYPOTHALAMUS OF FEMALE OFFSPRING AT DIFFERENT TIME POINTS. PCE FEMALE OFFSPRING HAD OVARIAN DYSFUNCTION IN ADULTHOOD COMPARED WITH THE CONTROL. FURTHER RESULTS SHOWED THAT IN UTERO OVARIAN MORPHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT AND ESTRADIOL SYNTHESIS WERE INHIBITED BUT RAPIDLY INCREASED DURING PUBERTY IN THE PCE GROUP. THE HISTONE 3 LYSINE 27 ACETYLATION (H3K27AC) LEVEL OF THE INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR 1 (IGF1) PROMOTER REGION AND ITS EXPRESSION WERE DECREASED IN THE OVARY, WHICH WAS DUE TO EXPOSURE TO HIGH LEVELS OF FETAL BLOOD CORTICOSTERONE, AND THE H3K27AC LEVEL OF IGF1 AND ITS EXPRESSION SHIFTED TO INCREASE AFTER BIRTH WITH A DECREASE IN SERUM CORTICOSTERONE LEVELS. CHRONIC STRESS LED TO INCREASED SERUM CORTICOSTERONE LEVELS IN ADULT OFFSPRING, WHEREAS OVARIAN MORPHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT, THE H3K27AC LEVEL OF IGF1 AND ITS EXPRESSION, AND ESTRADIOL SYNTHESIS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY INHIBITED. MOREOVER, THE ACTIVITY OF THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-OVARIAN (HPO) AXIS WAS INCREASED IN THE EARLY POSTNATAL PERIOD OF PCE OFFSPRING, AND CHRONIC STRESS REVERSED THESE CHANGES. IN THE KGN CELL LINE, IT WAS FOUND THAT CORTISOL COULD PROMOTE THE TRANSLOCATION OF THE GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR (GR) INTO THE NUCLEUS AND UPREGULATE HISTONE DEACETYLASE 10 (HDAC10) TO INHIBIT THE H3K27AC LEVEL OF IGF1 AND ITS EXPRESSION AND ESTRADIOL SYNTHESIS. IN SUMMARY, PCE IS ASSOCIATED WITH OVARIAN DYSFUNCTION IN FEMALE ADULT OFFSPRING, AND THE POTENTIAL MECHANISM IS RELATED TO INTRAUTERINE HIGH GLUCOCORTICOID EXPOSURE BY ACTIVATING THE GR AND RECRUITING HDAC10 TO AFFECT OVARIAN GLUCOCORTICOID-IGF1 AXIS PROGRAMMING AND TO INHIBIT ESTRADIOL SYNTHESIS.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                  
12   166  30 ABNORMAL OVARIAN DNA METHYLATION PROGRAMMING DURING GONAD MATURATION IN WILD CONTAMINATED FISH. THERE IS INCREASING EVIDENCE THAT POLLUTANTS MAY CAUSE DISEASES VIA EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS. EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS SUCH AS DNA METHYLATION PARTICIPATE IN THE REGULATION OF GENE TRANSCRIPTION. SURPRISINGLY, EPIGENETICS RESEARCH IS STILL LIMITED IN ECOTOXICOLOGY. IN THIS STUDY, WE INVESTIGATED WHETHER CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO CONTAMINANTS EXPERIENCED BY WILD FEMALE FISH (ANGUILLA ANGUILLA) THROUGHOUT THEIR JUVENILE PHASE CAN AFFECT THE DNA METHYLATION STATUS OF THEIR OOCYTES DURING GONAD MATURATION. THUS, FISH WERE SAMPLED IN TWO LOCATIONS PRESENTING A LOW OR A HIGH CONTAMINATION LEVEL. THEN, FISH WERE TRANSFERRED TO THE LABORATORY AND ARTIFICIALLY MATURED. BEFORE HORMONAL TREATMENT, THE DNA METHYLATION LEVELS OF THE GENES ENCODING FOR THE AROMATASE AND THE RECEPTOR OF THE FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE WERE HIGHER IN CONTAMINATED FISH THAN IN FISH FROM THE CLEAN SITE. FOR THE HORMONE RECEPTOR, THIS HYPERMETHYLATION WAS POSITIVELY CORRELATED WITH THE CONTAMINATION LEVEL OF FISH AND WAS ASSOCIATED WITH A DECREASE IN ITS TRANSCRIPTION LEVEL. IN ADDITION, WHEREAS GONAD GROWTH WAS ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASE IN DNA METHYLATION IN FISH FROM THE CLEAN SITE, NO CHANGES WERE OBSERVED IN CONTAMINATED FISH IN RESPONSE TO HORMONAL TREATMENT. FINALLY, A HIGHER GONAD GROWTH WAS OBSERVED IN FISH FROM THE REFERENCE SITE IN COMPARISON TO CONTAMINATED FISH.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
13   418  33 ANCESTRAL EXPOSURE TO STRESS EPIGENETICALLY PROGRAMS PRETERM BIRTH RISK AND ADVERSE MATERNAL AND NEWBORN OUTCOMES. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC STRESS IS CONSIDERED TO BE ONE OF MANY CAUSES OF HUMAN PRETERM BIRTH (PTB), BUT NO DIRECT EVIDENCE HAS YET BEEN PROVIDED. HERE WE SHOW IN RATS THAT STRESS ACROSS GENERATIONS HAS DOWNSTREAM EFFECTS ON ENDOCRINE, METABOLIC AND BEHAVIOURAL MANIFESTATIONS OF PTB POSSIBLY VIA MICRORNA (MIRNA) REGULATION. METHODS: PREGNANT DAMS OF THE PARENTAL GENERATION WERE EXPOSED TO STRESS FROM GESTATIONAL DAYS 12 TO 18. THEIR PREGNANT DAUGHTERS (F1) AND GRAND-DAUGHTERS (F2) EITHER WERE STRESSED OR REMAINED AS NON-STRESSED CONTROLS. GESTATIONAL LENGTH, MATERNAL GESTATIONAL WEIGHT GAIN, BLOOD GLUCOSE AND PLASMA CORTICOSTERONE LEVELS, LITTER SIZE AND OFFSPRING WEIGHT GAIN FROM POSTNATAL DAYS 1 TO 30 WERE RECORDED IN EACH GENERATION, INCLUDING F3. MATERNAL BEHAVIOURS WERE ANALYSED FOR THE FIRST HOUR AFTER COMPLETED PARTURITION, AND OFFSPRING SENSORIMOTOR DEVELOPMENT WAS RECORDED ON POSTNATAL DAY (P) 7. F0 THROUGH F2 MATERNAL BRAIN FRONTAL CORTEX, UTERUS AND PLACENTA MIRNA AND GENE EXPRESSION PATTERNS WERE USED TO IDENTIFY STRESS-INDUCED EPIGENETIC REGULATORY PATHWAYS OF MATERNAL BEHAVIOUR AND PREGNANCY MAINTENANCE. RESULTS: PROGRESSIVELY UP TO THE F2 GENERATION, STRESS GRADUALLY REDUCED GESTATIONAL LENGTH, MATERNAL WEIGHT GAIN AND BEHAVIOURAL ACTIVITY, AND INCREASED BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS. REDUCED OFFSPRING GROWTH AND DELAYED BEHAVIOURAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE STRESS COHORT WAS RECOGNIZABLE AS EARLY AS P7, WITH THE GREATEST EFFECT IN THE F3 OFFSPRING OF TRANSGENERATIONALLY STRESSED MOTHERS. FURTHERMORE, STRESS ALTERED MIRNA EXPRESSION PATTERNS IN THE BRAIN AND UTERUS OF F2 MOTHERS, INCLUDING THE MIR-200 FAMILY, WHICH REGULATES PATHWAYS RELATED TO BRAIN PLASTICITY AND PARTURITION, RESPECTIVELY. MAIN MIR-200 FAMILY TARGET GENES IN THE UTERUS, STAT5B, ZEB1 AND ZEB2, WERE DOWNREGULATED BY MULTIGENERATIONAL STRESS IN THE F1 GENERATION. ZEB2 WAS ALSO REDUCED IN THE STRESSED F2 GENERATION, SUGGESTING A CAUSAL MECHANISM FOR DISTURBED PREGNANCY MAINTENANCE. ADDITIONALLY, STRESS INCREASED PLACENTAL MIR-181A, A MARKER OF HUMAN PTB. CONCLUSIONS: THE FINDINGS INDICATE THAT A FAMILY HISTORY OF STRESS MAY PROGRAM CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL PATHWAYS REGULATING GESTATIONAL LENGTH AND MATERNAL AND NEWBORN HEALTH OUTCOMES IN THE MATERNAL LINEAGE. THIS NEW PARADIGM MAY MODEL THE ORIGIN OF MANY HUMAN PTB CAUSES.	2014	

14  3940  27 LNCRNA DLEU2 REGULATES SIRTUINS AND MITOCHONDRIAL RESPIRATORY CHAIN COMPLEX IV: A NOVEL PATHWAY IN OBESITY AND OFFSPRING'S HEALTH. BACKGROUND: LONG NON-CODING RNAS (LNCRNAS) HAVE EMERGED AS A RAPIDLY EXPANDING AREA OF INTEREST IN CHRONIC DISEASES. THEY ARE MOSTLY UNKNOWN FOR ROLES IN METABOLIC REGULATION. SIRTUINS, AN EPIGENETIC MODULATOR CLASS, REGULATE METABOLIC PATHWAYS. HOWEVER, HOW SIRTUINS ARE REGULATED VIA LNCRNA IS UNKNOWN. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT A HIGH-FAT HIGH-FRUCTOSE DIET (HFD-HF) DURING PREGNANCY WOULD INCREASE THE RISK FOR OBESITY VIA LNCRNA-SIRTUIN PATHWAYS. METHODS: FEMALE C57BL/6 MICE (F0) WERE FED EITHER CHOW DIET (CD) OR HFD-HF FOR 6 WEEKS TILL BIRTH. THE PUPS (F1) WERE FED EITHER CD OR HFD-HF FOR 20 WEEKS. EXPRESSION OF DLEU2, SIRTUINS, MITOCHONDRIAL RESPIRATORY COMPLEXES, AND OXIDATIVE STRESS WERE INVESTIGATED IN THE F1 LIVERS. FASTING BLOOD GLUCOSE, INSULIN SENSITIVITY, GLUCOSE TOLERANCE, BODY AND TISSUES WEIGHT WERE MEASURED. A MECHANISTIC INTERACTION WAS THEN CARRIED OUT USING A DLEU2 KNOCKDOWN EXPERIMENT IN THE HEPG2 CELL. RESULTS: DLEU2 AND SIRTUINS WERE BOTH SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED IN THE LIVERS OF HFD-HF FED MALE F1 WHOSE MOTHERS WERE EITHER FED CD OR HFD-HF DURING REPRODUCTIVE AND PREGNANCY WINDOWS. CONFIRMING THIS CONNECTION, UPON SILENCING DLEU2, TRANSCRIPTION LEVELS OF SIRT1 THROUGH 6 AND TRANSLATIONAL LEVELS OF SIRT1, 3, 5, AND 6 WERE SIGNIFICANTLY DOWNREGULATED. KNOCKDOWN OF DLEU2 SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED THE PROTEIN LEVEL OF CYTOCHROME-C OXIDASE (COMPLEX IV, MTCO1) WITHOUT ALTERING OTHER MITOCHONDRIAL COMPLEXES, DECREASED MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE POTENTIAL, DECREASED ATP, AND INCREASED REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES. INTERESTINGLY, IN F1 LIVERS, THE PROTEIN LEVEL OF MTCO1 WAS ALSO SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED UNDER AN HFD-HF DIET OR EVEN UNDER CHOW DIET IF THE MOTHER WAS EXPOSED TO HFD-HF. CONCLUSION: OUR FINDINGS REVEAL FOR THE FIRST TIME THAT ONE LNCRNA CAN REGULATE SIRTUINS AND A SPECIFIC MITOCHONDRIAL COMPLEX. FURTHERMORE, DIET OR MATERNAL DIET CAN MODULATE DLEU2 AND ITS DOWNSTREAM REGULATORS IN OFFSPRING, SUGGESTING A POTENTIAL ROLE OF DLEU2 IN METABOLIC DISORDERS OVER ONE OR MORE GENERATIONS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
15  1399  32 DIET-INDUCED OBESITY MODULATES EPIGENETIC RESPONSES TO IONIZING RADIATION IN MICE. BOTH EXPOSURE TO IONIZING RADIATION AND OBESITY HAVE BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH VARIOUS PATHOLOGIES INCLUDING CANCER. THERE IS A CRUCIAL NEED IN BETTER UNDERSTANDING THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN IONIZING RADIATION EFFECTS (ESPECIALLY AT LOW DOSES) AND OTHER RISK FACTORS, SUCH AS OBESITY. IN ORDER TO EVALUATE RADIATION RESPONSES IN OBESE ANIMALS, C3H AND C57BL/6J MICE FED A CONTROL NORMAL FAT OR A HIGH FAT (HF) DIET WERE EXPOSED TO FRACTIONATED DOSES OF X-RAYS (0.75 GY X4). BONE MARROW MICRONUCLEUS ASSAYS DID NOT SUGGEST A MODULATION OF RADIATION-INDUCED GENOTOXICITY BY HF DIET. USING MSP, WE OBSERVED THAT THE PROMOTERS OF P16 AND DAPK GENES WERE METHYLATED IN THE LIVERS OF C57BL/6J MICE FED A HF DIET (IRRADIATED AND NON-IRRADIATED); MGMT PROMOTER WAS METHYLATED IN IRRADIATED AND/OR HF DIET-FED MICE. IN ADDITION, METHYLATION PCR ARRAYS IDENTIFIED EP300 AND SOCS1 (WHOSE PROMOTERS EXHIBITED HIGHER METHYLATION LEVELS IN NON-IRRADIATED HF DIET-FED MICE) AS POTENTIAL TARGETS FOR FURTHER STUDIES. WE THEN COMPARED MICRORNA REGULATIONS AFTER RADIATION EXPOSURE IN THE LIVERS OF C57BL/6J MICE FED A NORMAL OR AN HF DIET, USING MICRORNA ARRAYS. INTERESTINGLY, RADIATION-TRIGGERED MICRORNA REGULATIONS OBSERVED IN NORMAL MICE WERE NOT OBSERVED IN OBESE MICE. MIR-466E WAS UPREGULATED IN NON-IRRADIATED OBESE MICE. IN VITRO FREE FATTY ACID (PALMITIC ACID, OLEIC ACID) ADMINISTRATION SENSITIZED AML12 MOUSE LIVER CELLS TO IONIZING RADIATION, BUT THE INHIBITION OF MIR-466E COUNTERACTED THIS RADIO-SENSITIZATION, SUGGESTING THAT THE MODULATION OF RADIATION RESPONSES BY DIET-INDUCED OBESITY MIGHT INVOLVE MIR-466E EXPRESSION. ALL TOGETHER, OUR RESULTS SUGGESTED THE EXISTENCE OF DIETARY EFFECTS ON RADIATION RESPONSES (ESPECIALLY EPIGENETIC REGULATIONS) IN MICE, POSSIBLY IN RELATIONSHIP WITH OBESITY-INDUCED CHRONIC OXIDATIVE STRESS.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
16  3300  24 HIGH-FAT DIET REPROGRAMS THE EPIGENOME OF RAT SPERMATOZOA AND TRANSGENERATIONALLY AFFECTS METABOLISM OF THE OFFSPRING. OBJECTIVES: CHRONIC AND HIGH CONSUMPTION OF FAT CONSTITUTES AN ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS THAT LEADS TO METABOLIC DISEASES. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT HIGH-FAT DIET (HFD) TRANSGENERATIONALLY REMODELS THE EPIGENOME OF SPERMATOZOA AND METABOLISM OF THE OFFSPRING. METHODS: F0-MALE RATS FED EITHER HFD OR CHOW DIET FOR 12 WEEKS WERE MATED WITH CHOW-FED DAMS TO GENERATE F1 AND F2 OFFSPRING. MOTILE SPERMATOZOA WERE ISOLATED FROM F0 AND F1 BREEDERS TO DETERMINE DNA METHYLATION AND SMALL NON-CODING RNA (SNCRNA) EXPRESSION PATTERN BY DEEP SEQUENCING. RESULTS: NEWBORN OFFSPRING OF HFD-FED FATHERS HAD REDUCED BODY WEIGHT AND PANCREATIC BETA-CELL MASS. ADULT FEMALE, BUT NOT MALE, OFFSPRING OF HFD-FED FATHERS WERE GLUCOSE INTOLERANT AND RESISTANT TO HFD-INDUCED WEIGHT GAIN. THIS PHENOTYPE WAS PERPETUATED IN THE F2 PROGENY, INDICATING TRANSGENERATIONAL EPIGENETIC INHERITANCE. THE EPIGENOME OF SPERMATOZOA FROM HFD-FED F0 AND THEIR F1 MALE OFFSPRING SHOWED COMMON DNA METHYLATION AND SMALL NON-CODING RNA EXPRESSION SIGNATURES. ALTERED EXPRESSION OF SPERM MIRNA LET-7C WAS PASSED DOWN TO METABOLIC TISSUES OF THE OFFSPRING, INDUCING A TRANSCRIPTOMIC SHIFT OF THE LET-7C PREDICTED TARGETS. CONCLUSION: OUR RESULTS PROVIDE INSIGHT INTO MECHANISMS BY WHICH HFD TRANSGENERATIONALLY REPROGRAMS THE EPIGENOME OF SPERM CELLS, THEREBY AFFECTING METABOLIC TISSUES OF OFFSPRING THROUGHOUT TWO GENERATIONS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
17  4180  32 MERCURY EXPOSURE INDUCES CYTOSKELETON DISRUPTION AND LOSS OF RENAL FUNCTION THROUGH EPIGENETIC MODULATION OF MMP9 EXPRESSION. MERCURY IS ONE OF THE MAJOR HEAVY METAL POLLUTANTS OCCURRING IN ELEMENTAL, INORGANIC AND ORGANIC FORMS. DUE TO BAN ON MOST INORGANIC MERCURY CONTAINING PRODUCTS, HUMAN EXPOSURE TO MERCURY GENERALLY OCCURS AS METHYLMERCURY (MEHG) BY CONSUMPTION OF CONTAMINATED FISH AND OTHER SEA FOOD. ANIMAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES INDICATE THAT MEHG AFFECTS NEURAL AND RENAL FUNCTION. OUR STUDY IS FOCUSED ON NEPHROTOXIC POTENTIAL OF MEHG. IN THIS STUDY, WE HAVE SHOWN FOR THE FIRST TIME HOW MEHG COULD EPIGENETICALLY MODULATE MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE 9(MMP9) TO PROMOTE NEPHROTOXICITY USING AN ANIMAL MODEL OF SUB CHRONIC MEHG EXPOSURE. MEHG CAUSED RENAL TOXICITY AS WAS SEEN BY INCREASED LEVELS OF SERUM CREATININE AND EXPRESSION OF EARLY NEPHROTOXICITY MARKERS (KIM-1, CLUSTERIN, IP-10, AND TIMP). MEHG EXPOSURE ALSO CORRELATED STRONGLY WITH INDUCTION OF MMP9 MRNA AND PROTEIN IN A DOSE DEPENDENT MANNER. FURTHER, WHILE INDUCTION OF MMP9 PROMOTED CYTOSKELETON DISRUPTION AND LOSS OF CELL-CELL ADHESION (LOSS OF F-ACTIN, VIMENTIN AND FIBRONECTIN), INHIBITION OF MMP9 WAS FOUND TO REDUCE THESE DISRUPTIONS. MECHANISTIC STUDIES BY CHIP ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT MEHG MODULATED MMP9 BY PROMOTING DEMETHYLATION OF ITS REGULATORY REGION TO INCREASE ITS EXPRESSION. BISULFITE SEQUENCING IDENTIFIED CRITICAL CPGS IN THE FIRST EXON OF MMP9 WHICH WERE DEMETHYLATED FOLLOWING MEHG EXPOSURE. CHIP STUDIES ALSO SHOWED LOSS OF METHYL BINDING PROTEIN, MECP2 AND TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR PEA3 AT THE DEMETHYLATED SITE CONFIRMING DECREASED CPG METHYLATION. OUR STUDIES THUS SHOW HOW MEHG COULD EPIGENETICALLY MODULATE MMP9 TO PROMOTE CYTOSKELETON DISRUPTION LEADING TO LOSS OF RENAL FUNCTION.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
18  1140  27 CONCENTRATION OF FOLIC ACID (FA) IN SERUM OF JAPANESE PREGNANT WOMEN. OBJECTIVES EXPOSURE TO INORGANIC ARSENIC (IAS) IS A WORLD-WIDE HEALTH CONCERN. WE REPORTED THAT JAPANESE CHILDREN AND PREGNANT WOMEN ARE EXPOSED TO MODERATE LEVELS OF IAS THROUGH FOOD. REDUCING IAS CONTAMINATION FROM FOODS OF HIGH IAS IS AN IMPORTANT ISSUE UNIQUE IN JAPAN. INTEGRATED IAS IS METHYLATED TO LESS TOXIC ORGANIC FORMS, AND S-ADENOSYL-L-METHYONINE (SAM), A COMMON METHYL-DONOR OF DNA AND HISTONES, IS UTILIZED IN THIS PROCESS. CHRONIC CONSUMPTION OF SAM BY IAS METABOLISM DUE TO EXPOSURE TO IAS MIGHT ALTER THE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OF GENOME. THE SAM BIOSYNTHESIS PATHWAY IS DEPENDENT ON FOLATE CYCLE, AND IT IS POSSIBLE THAT INGESTION OF SUFFICIENT FOLIC ACID (FA) IS PROTECTIVE TO IAS INDUCED TOXICITY. METHODS IN THE COURSE OF OUR CROSS-SECTIONAL BODY BURDEN ANALYSES OF PB AND IAS IN JAPANESE CHILDREN AND PREGNANT WOMEN, TERMED "PBAS STUDY", FA CONCENTRATION IN SERUM OF 104 PREGNANT WOMEN WAS MEASURED. RESULTS MEAN (+/-SEM) OF SERUM FA CONCENTRATION WAS 15.8 +/- 1.3 (NG/ML). THERE ARE SIGNIFICANT NUMBER OF PEOPLE SHOWING VERY HIGH FA (>30 NG/ ML), AND LARGE FRACTION OF THEM WERE TAKING SUPPLEMENTS DAILY. CONCLUSIONS THESE RESULTS SUGGESTED THAT LEVEL OF FA INGESTION OF JAPANESE PREGNANT WOMEN IS HIGH FOR SUPPORTING NORMAL FETAL DEVELOPMENT.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
19  3410  34 HOXA5 UNDERGOES DYNAMIC DNA METHYLATION AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSION IN THE ADIPOSE TISSUE OF MICE EXPOSED TO HIGH-FAT DIET. BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: THE GENOMIC BASES OF THE ADIPOSE TISSUE ABNORMALITIES INDUCED BY CHRONIC POSITIVE CALORIE EXCESS HAVE BEEN ONLY PARTIALLY ELUCIDATED. WE ADOPTED A GENOME-WIDE APPROACH TO DIRECTLY TEST WHETHER LONG-TERM HIGH-FAT DIET (HFD) EXPOSURE AFFECTS THE DNA METHYLATION PROFILE OF THE MOUSE ADIPOSE TISSUE AND TO IDENTIFY THE FUNCTIONAL CONSEQUENCES OF THESE CHANGES. SUBJECTS/METHODS: WE HAVE USED EPIDIDYMAL FAT OF MICE FED EITHER HIGH-FAT (HFD) OR REGULAR CHOW (STD) DIET FOR 5 MONTHS AND PERFORMED GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION ANALYSES BY METHYLATED DNA IMMUNOPRECIPITATION SEQUENCING (MEDIP-SEQ). MOUSE HOMEOBOX (HOX) GENE DNA METHYLATION PCR, RT-QPCR AND BISULPHITE SEQUENCING ANALYSES WERE THEN PERFORMED. RESULTS: MICE FED THE HFD PROGRESSIVELY EXPANDED THEIR ADIPOSE MASS ACCOMPANIED BY A SIGNIFICANT DECREASE IN GLUCOSE TOLERANCE (P<0.001) AND INSULIN SENSITIVITY (P<0.05). MEDIP-SEQ DATA ANALYSIS REVEALED A UNIFORM DISTRIBUTION OF DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS (DMR) THROUGH THE ENTIRE ADIPOCYTE GENOME, WITH A HIGHER NUMBER OF HYPERMETHYLATED REGIONS IN HFD MICE (P<0.005). THIS DIFFERENT METHYLATION PROFILE WAS ACCOMPANIED BY INCREASED EXPRESSION OF THE DNMT3A DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE (DNMT; P<0.05) AND THE METHYL-CPG-BINDING DOMAIN PROTEIN MBD3 (P<0.05) GENES IN HFD MICE. GENE ONTOLOGY ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT, IN THE HFD-TREATED MICE, THE HOX FAMILY OF DEVELOPMENT GENES WAS HIGHLY ENRICHED IN DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED GENES (P=0.008). TO VALIDATE THIS FINDING, HOXA5, WHICH IS IMPLICATED IN FAT TISSUE DIFFERENTIATION AND REMODELING, HAS BEEN SELECTED AND ANALYZED BY BISULPHITE SEQUENCING, CONFIRMING HYPERMETHYLATION IN THE ADIPOSE TISSUE FROM THE HFD MICE. HOXA5 HYPERMETHYLATION WAS ASSOCIATED WITH DOWNREGULATION OF HOXA5 MRNA AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION. FEEDING ANIMALS PREVIOUSLY EXPOSED TO THE HFD WITH A STANDARD CHOW DIET FOR TWO FURTHER MONTHS IMPROVED THE METABOLIC PHENOTYPE OF THE ANIMALS, ACCOMPANIED BY RETURN OF HOXA5 METHYLATION AND EXPRESSION LEVELS (P<0.05) TO VALUES SIMILAR TO THOSE OF THE CONTROL MICE MAINTAINED UNDER STANDARD CHOW. CONCLUSIONS: HFD INDUCES ADIPOSE TISSUE ABNORMALITIES ACCOMPANIED BY EPIGENETIC CHANGES AT THE HOXA5 ADIPOSE TISSUE REMODELING GENE.	2016	
                                                                                         
20   930  28 CHRONIC IRRADIATION OF HUMAN CELLS REDUCES HISTONE LEVELS AND DEREGULATES GENE EXPRESSION. OVER THE PAST DECADES, THERE HAVE BEEN HUGE ADVANCES IN UNDERSTANDING CELLULAR RESPONSES TO IONISING RADIATION (IR) AND DNA DAMAGE. THESE STUDIES, HOWEVER, WERE MOSTLY EXECUTED WITH CELL LINES AND MICE USING SINGLE OR MULTIPLE ACUTE DOSES OF RADIATION. HENCE, RELATIVELY LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT HOW CONTINUOUS EXPOSURE TO LOW DOSE IONISING RADIATION AFFECTS NORMAL CELLS AND ORGANISMS, EVEN THOUGH OUR CELLS ARE CONSTANTLY EXPOSED TO LOW LEVELS OF RADIATION. WE ADDRESSED THIS ISSUE BY EXAMINING THE CONSEQUENCES OF EXPOSING HUMAN PRIMARY CELLS TO CONTINUOUS IONISING GAMMA-RADIATION DELIVERED AT 6-20 MGY/H. ALTHOUGH THESE DOSE RATES ARE ESTIMATED TO INFLICT FEWER THAN A SINGLE DNA DOUBLE-STRAND BREAK (DSB) PER HOUR PER CELL, THEY STILL CAUSED DOSE-DEPENDENT REDUCTIONS IN CELL PROLIFERATION AND INCREASED CELLULAR SENESCENCE. WE CONCOMITANTLY OBSERVED HISTONE PROTEIN LEVELS TO REDUCE BY UP TO 40%, WHICH IN CONTRAST TO PREVIOUS OBSERVATIONS, WAS NOT MAINLY DUE TO PROTEIN DEGRADATION BUT INSTEAD CORRELATED WITH REDUCED HISTONE GENE EXPRESSION. HISTONE REDUCTIONS WERE ACCOMPANIED BY ENLARGED NUCLEAR SIZE PARALLELED BY AN INCREASE IN GLOBAL TRANSCRIPTION, INCLUDING THAT OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY GENES. THUS, CHRONIC IRRADIATION, EVEN AT LOW DOSE-RATES, CAN INDUCE CELL SENESCENCE AND ALTER GENE EXPRESSION VIA A HITHERTO UNCHARACTERISED EPIGENETIC ROUTE. THESE FEATURES OF CHRONIC RADIATION REPRESENT A NEW ASPECT OF RADIATION BIOLOGY.	2020