1  1031 151 CIRCULATING TUMOR DNA DETECTION AND ITS APPLICATION STATUS IN GASTRIC CANCER: A NARRATIVE REVIEW. CIRCULATING TUMOR DNA (CTDNA) IS THE SMALL GENOMIC FRAGMENT RELEASED BY TUMOR CELLS INTO THE CIRCULATING SYSTEM, WHICH CARRIES THE GENE VARIATION FEATURES, SUCH AS MUTATION, INSERTION, DELETION, REARRANGEMENT, COPY NUMBER VARIATION (CNV) AND METHYLATION, RENDERING IT AN IMPORTANT BIOMARKER. IT CAN BE USED NOT ONLY TO DIAGNOSE CERTAIN TYPES OF SOLID TUMORS, BUT ALSO TO MONITOR THE THERAPEUTIC RESPONSE AND EXPLORE THE MINIMAL RESIDUAL DISEASE (MRD) AND RESISTANT MUTATION OF TARGETED THERAPY. THEREFORE, CTDNA DETECTION MAY BECOME THE PREFERRED NON-INVASIVE TUMOR SCREENING METHOD. FOR PATIENTS WHO CANNOT RECEIVE FURTHER GENE DETECTION DUE TO INSUFFICIENT OR RESTRICTED SAMPLE COLLECTION WITH THE DEFINED PATHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS, CTDNA DETECTION CAN BE CARRIED OUT TO DETERMINE THE GENE MUTATION TYPE, WITH NO NEED FOR REPEATED SAMPLING. GASTRIC CANCER (GC) IS A MALIGNANCY WITH EXTREMELY HIGH MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY, AND ITS GENESIS AND DEVELOPMENT ARE THE CONSEQUENCE OF INTERACTIONS OF MULTIPLE FACTORS, INCLUDING ENVIRONMENT, DIET, HEREDITY, HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION, CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY INFILTRATION, AND PRECANCEROUS LESION. AS THE RESEARCH ON GC MOVES FORWARD, THE EXISTING RESEARCH MAINLY FOCUSES ON GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES, INCLUDING DNA METHYLATION, HISTONE MODIFICATION, NON-CODING RNA CHANGES, GENE MUTATION, GENE HETEROZYGOSITY LOSS AND MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY. THIS PAPER AIMED TO SUMMARIZE THE CONTENTS OF CTDNA DETECTION, ITS APPLICATION STATUS IN GC AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
2  2900  29 GENDER BIAS IN THERAPEUTIC EFFORT: FROM RESEARCH TO HEALTH CARE. THERE ARE RELEVANT DIMENSIONS FROM A GENDER PERSPECTIVE RELATED TO THERAPEUTIC EFFORT. TO ILLUSTRATE AND DISCUSS POSSIBLE GENDER BIAS RELATED TO MEDICINES, THROUGH THE CONSUMPTION ANALYSIS IN WOMEN, THE PRESCRIPTION OF BIOLOGICAL DRUGS ACCORDING TO SEX, THE POTENTIAL GENDER INEQUALITY IN ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS, AND RESEARCH WITH CLINICAL TRIALS, AS WELL AS THE DECISIONS OF INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE MARKETING OF MEDICINAL PRODUCTS. THERE IS GREATER TENDENCY TO PRESCRIBE PAIN RELIEVERS, REGARDLESS OF PAIN, AND DRUGS FOR LOW INTENSITY DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS IN WOMEN THAN IN MEN. THE OPPOSITE OCCURS IN THE PRESCRIPTION OF STATINS AND ADEQUATE DOSES, AND WITH THE GREATER PROBABILITY OF PRESCRIBING ANTI-TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR IN MEN THAN IN WOMEN WITH ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS, DESPITE A SIMILAR DISEASE BURDEN. ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS ARE OBSERVED MORE FREQUENTLY IN WOMEN THAN IN MEN, WHERE DETERMINANTS SUCH AS BODY WEIGHT ARE HAVING LITTLE INFLUENCE ON THE DOSAGE. IT IS CURRENTLY SCARCELY CONSIDERED IN THE PRESCRIPTION THAT WOMEN HAVE DIFFERENCES IN THE ACTIVITY OF CYTOCHROME CYPP450 ENZYMES, WHICH CAN AFFECT THE LIVER'S METABOLISM RATE. THERE ARE EVEN IMMUNOLOGICAL, GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC EFFECTS (DUE TO HEREDITY AND UNEVEN GENE DOSING LOCATED IN THE X AND Y CHROMOSOMES) THAT CAN INFLUENCE THESE DIFFERENCES BY SEX. FINALLY, THROUGH CASES OF HORMONAL THERAPY CLINICAL TRIALS, A DRUG FOR WOMEN'S INHIBITED SEXUAL DESIRE AND A CONTRACEPTIVE FOR MEN, GENDER BIAS AND STEREOTYPES ARE SHOWN TO INFLUENCE A POTENTIAL GENERATION OF INEQUALITIES, ESPECIALLY IN ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS TO THE DETRIMENT OF WOMEN. IN CONCLUSION, HEALTH PROFESSIONALS FREQUENTLY ATTRIBUTE PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS TO WOMEN'S EMOTIONALITY, INFLUENCING THEIR GREATER PRESCRIPTION OF SYMPTOMATIC DRUGS. WHETHER THE SAME REASON INFLUENCES THE LOWER PRESCRIPTION OF THERAPEUTIC DRUGS IN WOMEN THAN IN MEN SHOULD BE ANALYZED. THERE ARE BIOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS TO CONSIDER DUE TO THEIR INFLUENCE ON A GREATER PHARMACOLOGICAL TOXICITY IN WOMEN. CLINICAL TRIALS SHOULD IMPROVE ACCORDING TO THE GENDER RECOMMENDATIONS BY THE FOOD AND DRUGS ADMINISTRATION.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
3  5167  27 PRECONCEPTION PATERNAL MENTAL DISORDERS AND CHILD HEALTH: MECHANISMS AND INTERVENTIONS. MENTAL ILLNESS IS A SIGNIFICANT GLOBAL HEALTH ISSUE WITH A STEADY PREVALENCE. HIGH HERITABILITY IS SUSPECTED, BUT GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES ONLY IDENTIFIED A SMALL NUMBER OF RISK GENES ASSOCIATED WITH MENTAL DISORDERS. THIS 'MISSING INHERITANCE' CAN BE PARTIALLY EXPLAINED BY EPIGENETIC HEREDITY. EVIDENCE FROM NUMEROUS ANIMAL MODELS AND HUMAN STUDIES SUPPORTS THE POSSIBILITY THAT PRECONCEPTION PATERNAL MENTAL HEALTH INFLUENCES THEIR OFFSPRING'S MENTAL HEALTH VIA NONGENETIC MEANS. HERE, WE REVIEW TWO POTENTIAL PATHWAYS, INCLUDING SPERM EPIGENETICS AND SEMINAL PLASMA COMPONENTS. THE CURRENT REVIEW HIGHLIGHTS THE ROLE OF SPERM EPIGENETICS AND EXPLORES EPIGENETIC MESSAGE ORIGINATION AND SUSCEPTIBILITY TO CHRONIC STRESS. MEANWHILE, POSSIBLE SPATIOTEMPORAL WINDOWS AND EVENTS THAT INDUCE SEXUALLY DIMORPHIC MODES AND EFFECTS OF PATERNAL STRESS TRANSMISSION ARE INFERRED IN THIS REVIEW. ADDITIONALLY, WE DISCUSS EMERGING INTERVENTIONS THAT COULD POTENTIALLY BLOCK THE INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION OF PATERNAL PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS AND REDUCE THE INCIDENCE OF MENTAL ILLNESS. UNDERSTANDING THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS BY WHICH PRECONCEPTION PATERNAL STRESS IMPACTS OFFSPRING HEALTH IS CRITICAL FOR IDENTIFYING STRATEGIES SUPPORTING HEALTHY DEVELOPMENT AND SUCCESSFULLY CONTROLLING THE PREVALENCE OF MENTAL ILLNESS.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
4  1412  42 DIETARY PATTERNS INFLUENCE TARGET GENE EXPRESSION THROUGH EMERGING EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE. NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD) REFERS TO THE PATHOLOGIC BUILDUP OF EXTRA FAT IN THE FORM OF TRIGLYCERIDES IN LIVER CELLS WITHOUT EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL INTAKE. NAFLD BECAME THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE THAT IS TIGHTLY ASSOCIATED WITH KEY ASPECTS OF METABOLIC DISORDERS, INCLUDING INSULIN RESISTANCE, OBESITY, DIABETES, AND METABOLIC SYNDROME. IT IS GENERALLY ACCEPTED THAT MULTIPLE MECHANISMS AND PATHWAYS ARE INVOLVED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF NAFLD. HEREDITY, SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE, WESTERNIZED HIGH SUGAR SATURATED FAT DIET, METABOLIC DERANGEMENTS, AND GUT MICROBIOTA, ALL MAY INTERACT ON A ON GENETICALLY SUSCEPTIBLE INDIVIDUAL TO CAUSE THE DISEASE INITIATION AND PROGRESSION. WHILE THERE IS AN UNQUESTIONABLE ROLE FOR GENE-DIET INTERACTION IN THE ETIOPATHOGENESIS OF NAFLD, IT IS INCREASINGLY APPARENT THAT EPIGENETIC PROCESSES CAN ORCHESTRATE MANY ASPECTS OF THIS INTERACTION AND PROVIDE ADDITIONAL MECHANISTIC INSIGHT. EXCITING RESEARCH DEMONSTRATED THAT EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS IN CHROMATIN CAN INFLUENCE GENE EXPRESSION CHIEFLY AT THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL LEVEL IN RESPONSE TO UNBALANCED DIET, AND THEREFORE PREDISPOSE AN INDIVIDUAL TO NAFLD. THUS, FURTHER DISCOVERIES INTO MOLECULAR EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THE LINK BETWEEN NUTRITION AND ABERRANT HEPATIC GENE EXPRESSION CAN YIELD NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE PATHOGENESIS OF NAFLD, AND ALLOW INNOVATIVE EPIGENETIC-BASED STRATEGIES FOR ITS EARLY PREVENTION AND TARGETED THERAPIES. HEREIN, WE OUTLINE THE CURRENT KNOWLEDGE OF THE INTERACTIVE ROLE OF A HIGH-FAT HIGH-CALORIES DIET AND GENE EXPRESSION THROUGH DNA METHYLATION AND HISTONE MODIFICATIONS ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF NAFLD. WE ALSO PROVIDE PERSPECTIVES ON THE ADVANCEMENT OF THE EPIGENOMICS IN THE FIELD AND POSSIBLE SHORTCOMINGS AND LIMITATIONS AHEAD.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
5  4593  34 NATURAL GENETIC VARIATION IN A MULTIGENERATIONAL PHENOTYPE IN C. ELEGANS. ALTHOUGH HEREDITY MOSTLY RELIES ON THE TRANSMISSION OF DNA SEQUENCE, ADDITIONAL MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR FEATURES ARE HERITABLE ACROSS SEVERAL GENERATIONS. IN THE NEMATODE CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS, INSIGHTS INTO SUCH UNCONVENTIONAL INHERITANCE RESULT FROM TWO LINES OF WORK. FIRST, THE MORTAL GERMLINE (MRT) PHENOTYPE WAS DEFINED AS A MULTIGENERATIONAL PHENOTYPE WHEREBY A SELFING LINEAGE BECOMES STERILE AFTER SEVERAL GENERATIONS, IMPLYING MULTIGENERATIONAL MEMORY [1, 2]. SECOND, CERTAIN RNAI EFFECTS ARE HERITABLE OVER SEVERAL GENERATIONS IN THE ABSENCE OF THE INITIAL TRIGGER [3-5]. BOTH LINES OF WORK CONVERGED WHEN THE SUBSET OF MRT MUTANTS THAT ARE HEAT SENSITIVE WERE FOUND TO CLOSELY CORRESPOND TO MUTANTS DEFECTIVE IN THE RNAI-INHERITANCE MACHINERY, INCLUDING HISTONE MODIFIERS [6-9]. HERE, WE REPORT THE SURPRISING FINDING THAT SEVERAL C. ELEGANS WILD ISOLATES DISPLAY A HEAT-SENSITIVE MORTAL GERMLINE PHENOTYPE IN LABORATORY CONDITIONS: UPON CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO HIGHER TEMPERATURES, SUCH AS 25 DEGREES C, LINES REPRODUCIBLY BECOME STERILE AFTER SEVERAL GENERATIONS. THIS PHENOMENON IS REVERSIBLE, AS IT CAN BE SUPPRESSED BY TEMPERATURE ALTERNATIONS AT EACH GENERATION, SUGGESTING A NON-GENETIC BASIS FOR THE STERILITY. WE TESTED WHETHER NATURAL VARIATION IN THE TEMPERATURE-INDUCED MRT PHENOTYPE WAS OF GENETIC NATURE BY BUILDING RECOMBINANT INBRED LINES BETWEEN THE ISOLATES MY10 (MRT) AND JU1395 (NON-MRT). USING BULK SEGREGANT ANALYSIS, WE DETECTED TWO QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI. AFTER FURTHER RECOMBINANT MAPPING AND GENOME EDITING, WE IDENTIFIED THE MAJOR CAUSAL LOCUS AS A POLYMORPHISM IN THE SET-24 GENE, ENCODING A SET- AND SPK-DOMAIN PROTEIN. WE CONCLUDE THAT C. ELEGANS NATURAL POPULATIONS MAY HARBOR NATURAL GENETIC VARIATION IN EPIGENETIC INHERITANCE PHENOMENA.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
6  4080  17 MATERNAL LIFESTYLE INTERVENTIONS: TARGETING PRECONCEPTION HEALTH. ABOUT ONE-THIRD OF WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE ARE OBESE, PREDISPOSING BOTH MOTHER AND BABY TO UNFAVOURABLE PREGNANCY OUTCOMES AND INITIATING AN INTERGENERATIONAL CYCLE OF CHRONIC METABOLIC DISORDERS. HERE WE SUMMARISE RECENT RESEARCH ON THE INFLUENCE OF MATERNAL METABOLIC HEALTH ON OFFSPRING SUSCEPTIBILITY TO FUTURE CARDIOMETABOLIC DISEASES. CURRENT PRIMARY LIFESTYLE APPROACHES (I.E., DIET AND EXERCISE INTERVENTIONS) TO HALT THE SUCCESSION OF INHERITED AND EPIGENETIC METABOLIC ABNORMALITIES HAVE MET WITH LIMITED SUCCESS DUE TO LATE IMPLEMENTATION, POOR ADHERENCE, AND/OR GENERIC GUIDELINES. IN OUR OPINION, SUCH INTERVENTIONS MUST COMMENCE PRIOR TO CONCEPTION TO IMPROVE BOTH MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH OUTCOMES, WITH NEW APPROACHES URGENTLY NEEDED TO INCREASE ADHERENCE TO PRIMARY LIFESTYLE CHANGES AMONG REPRODUCTIVE-AGE WOMEN.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
7  6894  25 [SOCIAL INEQUALITY AND MENTAL HEALTH]. SOCIAL INEQUALITY REFERS TO THE INEQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION OF SOCIAL PROSPERITY INCLUDING THE RESOURCE OF HEALTH. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL INEQUALITY AND MENTAL HEALTH CAN BE ESTABLISHED BY MEANS OF INDICATORS OF SOCIAL INEQUALITY THROUGHOUT ALL AGE GROUPS IN GERMANY. THERE ARE SOCIAL GRADIENTS OF MENTAL HEALTH ON THE POPULATION LEVEL, I.E. THE LINEAR RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL CLASSES OR STATUS AND STATE OF HEALTH. FUNDAMENTAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH DISPARITY ARE CULTURAL, SOCIAL, POLITICAL, AND GEOGRAPHICAL CONDITIONS, WHICH INTERACT WITH THE GENETIC MAKE-UP AND EPIGENETIC PROCESSES. THESE DETERMINANTS ALSO INFLUENCE THE MANAGEMENT OF DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS DURING THE LIFE COURSE AND ARE OF UTMOST IMPORTANCE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF MENTAL DISORDERS. THE MALADAPTATION TO CHRONIC STRESS IS AT THE CORE OF HEALTH DISPARITY. INTERVENTIONS AT THE INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIORAL LEVEL SHOULD COMPRISE THE DEVELOPMENT OF STRESS MANAGEMENT AND COPING STRATEGIES.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
8  4062  33 MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH SERVICES AND AN INTEGRATED, LIFE-CYCLE APPROACH TO THE PREVENTION OF NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES. DESCRIBED AS THE 'INVISIBLE EPIDEMIC', NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES (NCDS) ARE THE WORLD'S LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH. MOST ARE CAUSED BY PREVENTABLE FACTORS, INCLUDING POOR DIET, TOBACCO USE, HARMFUL USE OF ALCOHOL AND PHYSICAL INACTIVITY. DIABETES, CANCER AND CARDIOVASCULAR AND CHRONIC LUNG DISEASES WERE RESPONSIBLE FOR 38 MILLION (68%) OF GLOBAL DEATHS IN 2012. SINCE 1990, PROPORTIONATE NCD MORTALITY HAS INCREASED SUBSTANTIALLY AS POPULATIONS HAVE AGED AND COMMUNICABLE DISEASES DECLINE. THE MAJORITY OF NCD DEATHS, ESPECIALLY PREMATURE NCD DEATHS (<70 YEARS, 82%), OCCUR IN LOW-INCOME AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES, AND AMONG POOR COMMUNITIES WITHIN THEM. ADDRESSING NCDS IS RECOGNISED AS CENTRAL TO THE POST-2015 AGENDA; ACCORDINGLY, NCDS HAVE A SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE AND TARGET IN THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS. WHILE DEATHS FROM NCDS OCCUR MAINLY IN ADULTHOOD, MANY HAVE THEIR ORIGINS IN EARLY LIFE, INCLUDING THROUGH EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS OPERATING BEFORE CONCEPTION. GOOD NUTRITION BEFORE CONCEPTION AND INTERVENTIONS AIMED AT PREVENTING NCDS DURING THE FIRST 1000 DAYS (FROM CONCEPTION TO AGE 2 YEARS), CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE MAY BE MORE COST-EFFECTIVE THAN MANAGING ESTABLISHED NCDS IN LATER LIFE WITH COSTLY TESTS AND DRUGS. FOLLOWING A LIFE-COURSE APPROACH, MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH INTERVENTIONS, BEFORE DELIVERY AND DURING CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE, CAN PREVENT NCDS AND SHOULD INFLUENCE GLOBAL HEALTH AND SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT. THIS PAPER DESCRIBES HOW SUCH AN APPROACH MAY BE PURSUED, INCLUDING THROUGH THE ENGAGEMENT OF NON-HEALTH SECTORS. IT ALSO EMPHASISES EVALUATING AND DOCUMENTING RELATED INITIATIVES TO UNDERWRITE SYSTEMATIC AND EVIDENCE-BASED CROSS-SECTORAL ENGAGEMENT ON NCD PREVENTION IN THE FUTURE.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
9  1417  30 DIETARY TRENDS AND THE DECLINE IN MALE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH. OVER THE TWENTIETH CENTURY, MALE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH HAS SUFFERED A SUBSTANTIAL DECLINE, AS EVIDENCED BY DECREASES IN SPERM COUNTS AND TESTOSTERONE LEVELS AND INCREASES IN REPRODUCTIVE PATHOLOGIES. AT THE SAME TIME, THE PREVALENCE OF CHRONIC DISEASES SUCH AS OBESITY, DIABETES, AND METABOLIC SYNDROME HAS RISEN DRAMATICALLY. METABOLIC AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH ARE HIGHLY INTERCONNECTED, SUGGESTING THAT THEIR RESPECTIVE TRENDS ARE INTERTWINED AND, GIVEN THE TIMEFRAME OF SUCH TRENDS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND NOT GENETIC FACTORS ARE MOST LIKELY TO BE THE PRIMARY CAUSES. INDUSTRIALIZATION, WHICH BEGAN IN EUROPE IN THE MID-EIGHTEENTH CENTURY, HAS RESULTED IN PROFOUND CHANGES TO OUR DIET, LIFESTYLE, AND ENVIRONMENT, MANY OF WHICH ARE CAUSAL FACTORS IN THE RISE IN CHRONIC DISEASES. INDUSTRIALIZATION RESULTS IN A NUTRITION TRANSITION FROM AN AGRICULTURAL UNPROCESSED TO A MODERN PROCESSED DIET, INCORPORATING INCREASES IN SUGAR, VEGETABLE OILS, ULTRA-PROCESSED FOODS, LINOLEIC ACID, TRANS-FATS, AND TOTAL ENERGY. THIS DIETARY SHIFT HAS INCURRED NUMEROUS ADVERSE EFFECTS ON METABOLIC AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, CHARACTERIZED BY CHRONIC INFLAMMATION, OXIDATIVE STRESS, AND INSULIN RESISTANCE. MOREOVER, THESE EFFECTS APPEAR TO MULTIPLY ACROSS SUBSEQUENT GENERATIONS VIA EPIGENETIC INHERITANCE. MEN'S FERTILITY IS MARKEDLY AFFECTED BY OBESITY AND DIABETES, WITH AN INCREASE IN TOTAL ENERGY VIA PROCESSED FOOD INTAKE ARGUABLY BEING THE KEY FACTOR DRIVING THE DIABESITY PANDEMIC. IN CONTRAST, WHOLEFOODS RICH IN MICRONUTRIENTS AND PHYTONUTRIENTS SUPPORT MALE FERTILITY AND A HEALTHY BODY WEIGHT. THEREFORE, MEN WANTING TO MAXIMIZE THEIR FERTILITY SHOULD CONSIDER MAKING POSITIVE DIETARY CHANGES, SUCH AS REPLACING PROCESSED FOODS WITH UNPROCESSED FOODS THAT SUPPORT METABOLIC AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
10  1403  23 DIETARY APPROACHES TO WOMEN'S SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH. OVER THE COURSE OF THE REPRODUCTIVE LIFE SPAN, IT IS COMMON FOR WOMEN TO EXPERIENCE ONE OR MORE OF THE MOST COMMON GYNECOLOGIC CONDITIONS, INCLUDING SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION, POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME, FIBROIDS, ENDOMETRIOSIS, AND INFERTILITY. ALTHOUGH CURRENT MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES OFTEN TURN TO THE ESTABLISHED PHARMACEUTICAL APPROACHES FOR EACH OF THESE DIAGNOSES, THE SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE ALSO SUPPORTS AN EVIDENCE-BASED APPROACH ROOTED IN THE PARADIGM OF FOOD AS MEDICINE. ACHIEVING HEALTHY DIETARY PATTERNS IS A CORE GOAL OF LIFESTYLE MEDICINE, AND A PLANT-FORWARD APPROACH AKIN TO THE MEDITERRANEAN DIET HOLDS GREAT PROMISE FOR IMPROVING MANY CHRONIC GYNECOLOGIC DISEASES. FURTHERMORE, CREATING AN OPTIMAL PRECONCEPTION ENVIRONMENT FROM A NUTRITIONAL STANDPOINT MAY FACILITATE EPIGENETIC SIGNALING, THUS IMPROVING THE HEALTH OF FUTURE GENERATIONS. THIS STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW EXPLORES THE LITERATURE CONNECTING DIET WITH SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH IN PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
11   529  23 ASTHMA IN URBAN CHILDREN: EPIDEMIOLOGY, ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORS, AND THE PUBLIC HEALTH DOMAIN. ASTHMA IS THE MOST COMMONLY REPORTED CHRONIC CONDITION OF CHILDHOOD IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, WITH 6.5 MILLION CHILDREN AFFECTED IN THE USA. A DISPARATE BURDEN OF CHILDHOOD ASTHMA IS SEEN AMONG SOCIOECONOMICALLY DISADVANTAGED YOUTH, OFTEN CONCENTRATED IN URBAN AREAS WITH HIGH POVERTY RATES. HOST FACTORS THAT PREDISPOSE A CHILD TO ASTHMA INCLUDE ATOPY, MALE GENDER, PARENTAL HISTORY OF ASTHMA, AND ALSO RACE, ETHNICITY, AND GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITIES. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, SUCH AS IMPROVED HYGIENE, AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION, AND EARLY LIFE EXPOSURES TO MICROBES AND AEROALLERGENS, ALSO INFLUENCE THE DEVELOPMENT OF ASTHMA. WITH GREATER THAN 90% OF TIME SPENT INDOORS, HOME EXPOSURES (SUCH AS COCKROACH, RODENT, AND INDOOR AIR POLLUTION) ARE HIGHLY RELEVANT FOR URBAN ASTHMA. MORBIDITY REDUCTION MAY REQUIRE FOCUSED PUBLIC HEALTH INITIATIVES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL INTERVENTION IN HIGH PRIORITY RISK GROUPS AND THE ADDITION OF IMMUNE MODULATORY AGENTS IN CHILDREN WITH POORLY CONTROLLED DISEASE.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
12  2699  36 EXCESS BODY WEIGHT: NOVEL INSIGHTS INTO ITS ROLES IN OBESITY COMORBIDITIES. EXCESS BODY WEIGHT IS A GLOBAL HEALTH PROBLEM DUE TO SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE AND UNHEALTHY DIET, AFFECTING 2 BILLION POPULATION WORLDWIDE. OBESITY IS A MAJOR RISK FACTOR FOR METABOLIC DISEASES. NOTABLY, THE METABOLIC RISK OF OBESITY LARGELY DEPENDS ON BODY WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION, OF WHICH VISCERAL ADIPOSE TISSUES BUT NOT SUBCUTANEOUS FATS ARE CLOSELY ASSOCIATED WITH OBESITY COMORBIDITIES, INCLUDING TYPE 2 DIABETES, NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND CERTAIN TYPES OF CANCER. LATEST MULTI-OMICS AND MECHANISTICAL STUDIES REPORTED THE CRUCIAL INVOLVEMENT OF GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS, ADIPOKINES DYSREGULATION, IMMUNITY CHANGES, IMBALANCE OF WHITE AND BROWN ADIPOSE TISSUES, AND GUT MICROBIAL DYSBIOSIS IN MEDIATING THE PATHOGENIC ASSOCIATION BETWEEN VISCERAL ADIPOSE TISSUES AND COMORBIDITIES. IN THIS REVIEW, WE EXPLORE THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF EXCESS BODY WEIGHT AND THE UP-TO-DATE MECHANISM OF HOW EXCESS BODY WEIGHT AND OBESITY LEAD TO CHRONIC COMPLICATIONS. WE ALSO EXAMINE THE UTILIZATION OF VISCERAL FAT MEASUREMENT AS AN ACCURATE CLINICAL PARAMETER FOR RISK ASSESSMENT IN HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS AND CLINICAL OUTCOME PREDICTION IN OBESE SUBJECTS. IN ADDITION, CURRENT APPROACHES FOR THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF EXCESS BODY WEIGHT AND ITS RELATED METABOLIC COMORBIDITIES ARE FURTHER DISCUSSED.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
13  4711  36 NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE IN OBESE CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS: A ROLE FOR NUTRITION? NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD) HAS BECOME THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE IN CHILDREN, PARALLELING THE INCREASING PREVALENCE OF OBESITY WORLDWIDE. THE PATHOGENESIS OF PAEDIATRIC NAFLD IS NOT FULLY UNDERSTOOD, BUT IT IS KNOWN THAT OBESITY, NUTRITION, LIFESTYLE VARIABLES, GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS MAY BE CAUSALLY INVOLVED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THIS COMMON METABOLIC LIVER DISEASE. IN PARTICULAR, OBESITY AND NUTRITION ARE AMONG THE STRONGEST RISK FACTORS FOR PAEDIATRIC NAFLD, WHICH MAY EXERT THEIR ADVERSE HEPATIC EFFECTS ALREADY BEFORE BIRTH. EXCESS ENERGY INTAKE INDUCES HYPERTROPHY AND HYPERPLASIA OF ADIPOSE TISSUE WITH SUBSEQUENT DEVELOPMENT OF SYSTEMIC INSULIN RESISTANCE, WHICH IS ANOTHER IMPORTANT RISK FACTOR FOR NAFLD. DIET COMPOSITION AND IN PARTICULAR SIMPLE CARBOHYDRATE INTAKE (ESPECIALLY HIGH FRUCTOSE INTAKE) MAY PROMOTE THE DEVELOPMENT OF NAFLD, WHEREAS NON-DIGESTIBLE CARBOHYDRATES (DIETARY FIBER), BY AFFECTING GUT MICROBIOTA, MAY FAVOUR THE INTEGRITY OF GUT WALL AND REDUCE INFLAMMATION, OPPOSING THIS PROCESS. SATURATED FAT INTAKE MAY ALSO PROMOTE NAFLD DEVELOPMENT, WHEREAS UNSATURATED FAT INTAKE HAS SOME BENEFICIAL EFFECTS. PROTEIN INTAKE DOES NOT SEEM TO AFFECT THE DEVELOPMENT OF NAFLD, BUT FURTHER INVESTIGATION IS NEEDED. IN CONCLUSION, LIFESTYLE MODIFICATIONS TO INDUCE WEIGHT LOSS, THROUGH DIET AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, REMAIN THE MAINSTAY OF TREATMENT FOR PAEDIATRIC NAFLD. THE USE OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS, SUCH AS OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS AND PROBIOTICS, NEEDS FURTHER STUDY BEFORE RECOMMENDATION.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
14  1921  37 ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETIC INHERITANCE THROUGH GAMETES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR HUMAN REPRODUCTION. BACKGROUND: TRADITIONAL STUDIES FOCUSED ON DNA AS THE HERITABLE INFORMATION CARRIER THAT PASSES THE PHENOTYPE FROM PARENTS TO OFFSPRING. HOWEVER, INCREASING EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT INFORMATION, THAT IS INDEPENDENT OF THE DNA SEQUENCE, TERMED EPIGENETIC INFORMATION, CAN BE INHERITED BETWEEN GENERATIONS. RECENTLY, IN OUR LAB, WE FOUND THAT PREDIABETES IN FATHERS INCREASES THE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DIABETES IN OFFSPRING THROUGH GAMETIC CYTOSINE METHYLATION CHANGES. PATERNAL PREDIABETES CHANGED OVERALL METHYLATION PATTERNS IN SPERM, AND A LARGE PORTION OF DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED LOCI CAN BE TRANSMITTED TO PANCREATIC ISLETS OF OFFSPRING UP TO THE SECOND GENERATION. IN THIS REVIEW, WE SURVEY THE EXTENSIVE EXAMPLES OF ENVIRONMENTALLY INDUCED EPIGENETIC INHERITANCE IN VARIOUS SPECIES, RANGING FROM CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS TO HUMANS. WE FOCUS MAINLY ON ELUCIDATING THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETIC INHERITANCE THROUGH GAMETES, WHICH IS AN EMERGING THEME AND HAS IMPORTANT IMPLICATIONS FOR EXPLAINING THE PREVALENCE OF OBESITY, TYPE 2 DIABETES AND OTHER CHRONIC NON-GENETIC DISEASES, WHICH IS ALSO IMPORTANT FOR UNDERSTANDING THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES ON REPRODUCTIVE AND OVERALL HEALTH IN OFFSPRING. METHODS: FOR THIS REVIEW, WE INCLUDED RELEVANT DATA AND INFORMATION OBTAINED THROUGH A PUBMED DATABASE SEARCH FOR ALL ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTICLES PUBLISHED UP TO AUGUST 2014 WHICH INCLUDED THE TERM 'ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETIC INHERITANCE' AND 'TRANSGENERATIONAL EPIGENETIC INHERITANCE'. WE FOCUSED ON RESEARCH PAPERS USING ANIMAL MODELS INCLUDING DROSOPHILA, C. ELEGANS, MOUSE AND RAT. HUMAN DATA WERE ALSO INCLUDED. RESULTS: EVIDENCE FROM ANIMAL MODELS SUGGESTS THAT ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETIC INHERITANCE THROUGH GAMETES EXISTS IN VARIOUS SPECIES. EXTENSIVE MOLECULAR EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT EPIGENETIC INFORMATION CARRIERS INCLUDING DNA METHYLATION, NON-CODING RNAS AND CHROMATIN PROTEINS IN GAMETES PLAY IMPORTANT ROLES IN THE TRANSMISSION OF PHENOTYPES FROM PARENTS TO OFFSPRING. CONCLUSIONS: GIVEN THE LARGE NUMBER OF EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FROM VARIOUS ORGANISMS, IT IS CLEAR THAT PARENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL ALTERATIONS CAN AFFECT THE PHENOTYPES OF OFFSPRING THROUGH GAMETIC EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS. THIS MORE RECENT THINKING BASED ON NEW DATA MAY HAVE IMPLICATIONS IN EXPLAINING THE PREVALENCE OF OBESITY, TYPE 2 DIABETES AND OTHER CHRONIC NON-GENETIC DISEASES. THIS ALSO IMPLIES THAT, IN THE NEAR FUTURE, EPIGENETIC FACTORS WHICH ARE HERITABLE SHOULD BE REGARDED IMPORTANT IN DETERMINING THE RISK OF CERTAIN DISEASES. MOREOVER, IDENTIFICATION OF EPIGENETIC MARKERS IN GAMETES (POLAR BODY OR SPERM) MAY HOLD GREAT PROMISE FOR PREDICTING SUSCEPTIBILITY TO AND PREVENTING CERTAIN NON-GENETIC DISEASES IN OFFSPRING, AS WELL AS PROVIDING INDICATIONS ON PARENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES.	2015	

15  2881  37 FUTURE PERSPECTIVES OF PERSONALIZED WEIGHT LOSS INTERVENTIONS BASED ON NUTRIGENETIC, EPIGENETIC, AND METAGENOMIC DATA. AS OBESITY HAS BECOME A MAJOR GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH CHALLENGE, A LARGE NUMBER OF STUDIES HAVE ANALYZED DIFFERENT STRATEGIES AIMED AT INDUCING A NEGATIVE ENERGY BALANCE AND, CONSEQUENTLY, BODY WEIGHT LOSS. HOWEVER, MOST EXISTING WEIGHT LOSS PROGRAMS ARE GENERALLY UNSUCCESSFUL, SO SEVERAL INTERVENTIONS HAVE BEEN CARRIED OUT TO IDENTIFY PHYSIOLOGIC AND BEHAVIORAL FACTORS CONCERNING THIS VARIABILITY IN ORDER TO IMPLEMENT MORE PERSONALIZED TREATMENT. NOWADAYS, AN INDIVIDUALIZED APPROACH IS BEING PROPOSED THROUGH SO-CALLED PERSONALIZED NUTRITION, WHEREBY NOT ONLY THE PHENOTYPE BUT ALSO THE GENOTYPE IS USED FOR CUSTOMIZED NUTRITION TREATMENT. REGARDING BODY WEIGHT REGULATION, APPROXIMATELY 70 POLYMORPHISMS HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED IN OR NEAR GENES RELATED TO ENERGY EXPENDITURE, APPETITE, ADIPOGENESIS, INSULIN RESISTANCE, AND LIPID METABOLISM. ALTHOUGH PERSONALIZED NUTRITION REFERS MAINLY TO GENETIC MAKEUP, RECENT ADVANCES IN THE INVESTIGATION OF THE EPIGENOME AND THE MICROBIOME OPEN THE DOOR TO IMPLEMENT MORE PERSONALIZED RECOMMENDATIONS FOR BODY WEIGHT MANAGEMENT. IN THIS CONTEXT, RECENT STUDIES HAVE DEMONSTRATED THE EXISTENCE OF SEVERAL EPIGENETIC MARKERS THAT MAY MODIFY GENE EXPRESSION AND COULD BE INVOLVED IN THE OUTCOME OF WEIGHT LOSS INTERVENTIONS. MOREOVER, DIFFERENT STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT DIETARY INTERVENTIONS COULD AFFECT THE COMPOSITION OF GUT MICROBIOTA AND HAVE AN IMPACT ON BODY WEIGHT. THE INTEGRATION OF NUTRIGENETIC, EPIGENETIC, AND METAGENOMIC DATA MAY LEAD TO THE DESIGN OF MORE PERSONALIZED DIETARY TREATMENTS TO PREVENT CHRONIC DISEASES AND TO OPTIMIZE THE INDIVIDUAL'S RESPONSE TO DIETARY INTERVENTIONS.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
16  1153  26 CONSEQUENCES OF PATERNAL NUTRITION ON OFFSPRING HEALTH AND DISEASE. IT IS WELL ESTABLISHED THAT THE MATERNAL DIET DURING THE PERICONCEPTIONAL PERIOD AFFECTS THE PROGENY'S HEALTH. A GROWING BODY OF EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT THE PATERNAL DIET ALSO INFLUENCES DISEASE ONSET IN OFFSPRING. FOR MANY YEARS, SPERM WAS CONSIDERED ONLY TO CONTRIBUTE HALF OF THE PROGENY'S GENOME. IT NOW APPEARS THAT IT ALSO PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE IN HEALTH AND DISEASE IN OFFSPRING'S ADULT LIFE. THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE OF FATHERS DURING THEIR CHILDHOOD AND/OR THE PERICONCEPTIONAL PERIOD HAVE SIGNIFICANT TRANSGENERATIONAL CONSEQUENCES. THIS REVIEW AIMS TO DESCRIBE THE EFFECTS OF VARIOUS HUMAN AND RODENT PATERNAL FEEDING PATTERNS ON PROGENY'S METABOLISM AND HEALTH, INCLUDING FASTING OR INTERMITTENT FASTING, LOW-PROTEIN AND FOLIC ACID DEFICIENT FOOD, AND OVERNUTRITION IN HIGH-FAT AND HIGH-SUGAR DIETS. THE IMPACT ON PREGNANCY OUTCOME, METABOLIC PATHWAYS, AND CHRONIC DISEASE ONSET WILL BE DESCRIBED. THE BIOLOGICAL AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THE TRANSMISSION FROM FATHERS TO THEIR PROGENY WILL BE DISCUSSED. ALL THESE DATA PROVIDE EVIDENCE OF THE IMPACT OF PATERNAL NUTRITION ON PROGENY HEALTH WHICH COULD LEAD TO PREVENTIVE DIET RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE FATHERS.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
17  4863  27 ORIGINS OF LIFETIME HEALTH AROUND THE TIME OF CONCEPTION: CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES. PARENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, INCLUDING DIET, BODY COMPOSITION, METABOLISM, AND STRESS, AFFECT THE HEALTH AND CHRONIC DISEASE RISK OF PEOPLE THROUGHOUT THEIR LIVES, AS CAPTURED IN THE DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGINS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE CONCEPT. RESEARCH ACROSS THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL, CLINICAL, AND BASIC SCIENCE FIELDS HAS IDENTIFIED THE PERIOD AROUND CONCEPTION AS BEING CRUCIAL FOR THE PROCESSES MEDIATING PARENTAL INFLUENCES ON THE HEALTH OF THE NEXT GENERATION. DURING THIS TIME, FROM THE MATURATION OF GAMETES THROUGH TO EARLY EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT, PARENTAL LIFESTYLE CAN ADVERSELY INFLUENCE LONG-TERM RISKS OF OFFSPRING CARDIOVASCULAR, METABOLIC, IMMUNE, AND NEUROLOGICAL MORBIDITIES, OFTEN TERMED DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAMMING. WE REVIEW PERICONCEPTIONAL INDUCTION OF DISEASE RISK FROM FOUR BROAD EXPOSURES: MATERNAL OVERNUTRITION AND OBESITY; MATERNAL UNDERNUTRITION; RELATED PATERNAL FACTORS; AND THE USE OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TREATMENT. STUDIES IN BOTH HUMANS AND ANIMAL MODELS HAVE DEMONSTRATED THE UNDERLYING BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS, INCLUDING EPIGENETIC, CELLULAR, PHYSIOLOGICAL, AND METABOLIC PROCESSES. WE ALSO PRESENT A META-ANALYSIS OF MOUSE PATERNAL AND MATERNAL PROTEIN UNDERNUTRITION THAT SUGGESTS DISTINCT PARENTAL PERICONCEPTIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO POSTNATAL OUTCOMES. WE PROPOSE THAT THE EVIDENCE FOR PERICONCEPTIONAL EFFECTS ON LIFETIME HEALTH IS NOW SO COMPELLING THAT IT CALLS FOR NEW GUIDANCE ON PARENTAL PREPARATION FOR PREGNANCY, BEGINNING BEFORE CONCEPTION, TO PROTECT THE HEALTH OF OFFSPRING.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
18  6030  33 THE BURGEONING CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE EPIDEMIC IN INDIANS - PERSPECTIVES ON CONTEXTUAL FACTORS AND POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES (CVD) ARE THE LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH AND DISABILITY IN INDIA. THE CVD EPIDEMIC IN INDIANS IS CHARACTERIZED BY A HIGHER RELATIVE RISK BURDEN, AN EARLIER AGE OF ONSET, HIGHER CASE FATALITY AND HIGHER PREMATURE DEATHS. FOR DECADES, RESEARCHERS HAVE BEEN TRYING TO UNDERSTAND THE REASON FOR THIS INCREASED BURDEN AND PROPENSITY OF CVD AMONG INDIANS. IT CAN PARTLY BE EXPLAINED BY POPULATION-LEVEL CHANGES AND THE REMAINING BY INCREASED INHERENT BIOLOGICAL RISK. WHILE INCREASED BIOLOGICAL RISK CAN BE ATTRIBUTED TO PHENOTYPIC CHANGES CAUSED BY EARLY LIFE INFLUENCES, SIX MAJOR TRANSITIONS CAN BE CONSIDERED LARGELY RESPONSIBLE FOR THE POPULATION-LEVEL CHANGES IN INDIA-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL, DEMOGRAPHIC, NUTRITIONAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL-CULTURAL AND ECONOMIC. ALTHOUGH CONVENTIONAL RISK FACTORS EXPLAIN SUBSTANTIAL POPULATION ATTRIBUTABLE RISK, THE THRESHOLDS AT WHICH THESE RISK FACTORS OPERATE ARE DIFFERENT AMONG INDIANS COMPARED WITH OTHER POPULATIONS. THEREFORE, ALTERNATE EXPLANATIONS FOR THESE ECOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES HAVE BEEN SOUGHT AND MULTIPLE HYPOTHESES HAVE BEEN PROPOSED OVER THE YEARS. PRENATAL FACTORS THAT INCLUDE MATERNAL AND PATERNAL INFLUENCES ON THE OFFSPRING, AND POSTNATAL FACTORS, RANGING FROM BIRTH THROUGH CHILDHOOD, ADOLESCENCE AND YOUNG ADULTHOOD, AS WELL AS INTER-GENERATIONAL INFLUENCES HAVE BEEN EXPLORED USING THE LIFE COURSE APPROACH TO CHRONIC DISEASE. IN ADDITION TO THIS, RECENT RESEARCH HAS ILLUSTRATED THE IMPORTANCE OF THE ROLE OF INHERENT BIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES IN LIPID METABOLISM, GLUCOSE METABOLISM, INFLAMMATORY STATES, GENETIC PREDISPOSITIONS AND EPIGENETIC INFLUENCES FOR THE INCREASED RISK. A MULTIFACETED AND HOLISTIC APPROACH TO CVD PREVENTION THAT TAKES INTO CONSIDERATION POPULATION-LEVEL AS WELL AS BIOLOGICAL RISK FACTORS WOULD BE NEEDED TO CONTROL THE BURGEONING CVD EPIDEMIC AMONG INDIANS.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
19  1097  31 COLLABORATIVE MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDY OF METABOLIC DYSREGULATION, DNA METHYLATION, AND BREAST CANCER RISK AMONG NIGERIAN WOMEN: MEND STUDY OBJECTIVES AND DESIGN. PURPOSE: TO ELUCIDATE THE ROLE OF METABOLIC DYSREGULATION AND ASSOCIATED DNA METHYLATION CHANGES ON BREAST CANCER RISK AND AGGRESSIVE SUBTYPES AMONG NIGERIAN WOMEN. WE DESCRIBE THE DESIGN AND METHODS OF A COLLABORATIVE MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDY OF BREAST CANCER IN NIGERIAN HOSPITALS. METHODS: THE MECHANISMS FOR NOVEL AND ESTABLISHED RISK FACTORS FOR BREAST CANCER IN WOMEN OF NIGERIAN DESCENT (MEND) STUDY WAS DESIGNED AS A MATCHED CASE-CONTROL STUDY OF 350 PATIENTS, AGE 18 TO 75 YEARS, WITH NEWLY DIAGNOSED, TREATMENT-NAIVE BREAST CANCER AND 350 AGE-MATCHED HEALTHY CONTROLS FROM SURROUNDING GEOGRAPHIC AREAS. PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER SEEN FOR INITIAL DIAGNOSIS AT FOUR LARGE TERTIARY HOSPITALS IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA AND ONE AFFILIATED PRIVATE HOSPITAL WERE RECRUITED. HEALTHY FEMALE CONTROLS WERE SELECTED FROM A COHORT OF 4,000 HEALTHY WOMEN RECRUITED AS PART OF THE HUMAN HEREDITY AND HEALTH (H3) IN AFRICA CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE CASE-CONTROL STUDY IN NIGERIA. TUMOR AND ADJACENT NORMAL TISSUE, AND BLOOD AND SALIVA SAMPLES WERE COLLECTED FOR MOLECULAR AND EPIGENETIC ASSAYS. RESULTS: ALTHOUGH RECRUITMENT IS ONGOING, A TOTAL OF 416 PATIENTS HAVE BEEN RECRUITED TO DATE, WITH TUMOR AND BLOOD SAMPLES OBTAINED FROM AT LEAST 310 PATIENTS. DATA ON AGE-MATCHED (+/- 6 MONTHS) CONTROLS HAVE ALSO BEEN OBTAINED AND HARMONIZED. LIPID ASSAYS FOR 350 PATHOLOGICALLY VERIFIED CASES AND 350 AGE-MATCHED CONTROLS IS UNDERWAY, AND PATHOLOGIC CHARACTERIZATION OF TUMORS (INCLUDING IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY FOR SUBTYPING) IS ONGOING. DATA ON DNA METHYLATION FOR TUMORS AND ADJACENT NORMAL TISSUE ARE EXPECTED BY THE END OF THE STUDY PERIOD. CONCLUSION: THE MEND STUDY WILL PROVIDE A UNIQUE, HIGH-QUALITY SOURCE OF DATA TO EVALUATE THE CONTRIBUTION OF METABOLIC DYSREGULATION SUCH AS OBESITY, DIABETES, HYPERTENSION, AND METABOLIC SYNDROME TO THE BIOLOGY OF BREAST CANCER AMONG NIGERIAN WOMEN AND FOSTER COLLABORATIVE STUDIES RELEVANT FOR WOMEN OF AFRICAN DESCENT GLOBALLY.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
20  6169  27 THE GUT MICROBIOTA AND HEALTHY AGING: A MINI-REVIEW. THE GUT MICROBIOTA SHOWS A WIDE INTER-INDIVIDUAL VARIATION, BUT ITS WITHIN-INDIVIDUAL VARIATION IS RELATIVELY STABLE OVER TIME. A FUNCTIONAL CORE MICROBIOME, PROVIDED BY ABUNDANT BACTERIAL TAXA, SEEMS TO BE COMMON TO VARIOUS HUMAN HOSTS REGARDLESS OF THEIR GENDER, GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION, AND AGE. WITH ADVANCING CHRONOLOGICAL AGE, THE GUT MICROBIOTA BECOMES MORE DIVERSE AND VARIABLE. HOWEVER, WHEN MEASURES OF BIOLOGICAL AGE ARE USED WITH ADJUSTMENT FOR CHRONOLOGICAL AGE, OVERALL RICHNESS DECREASES, WHILE A CERTAIN GROUP OF BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH FRAILTY INCREASES. THIS HIGHLIGHTS THE IMPORTANCE OF CONSIDERING BIOLOGICAL OR FUNCTIONAL MEASURES OF AGING. STUDIES USING MODEL ORGANISMS INDICATE THAT AGE-RELATED GUT DYSBIOSIS MAY CONTRIBUTE TO UNHEALTHY AGING AND REDUCED LONGEVITY. THE GUT MICROBIOME DEPENDS ON THE HOST NUTRIENT SIGNALING PATHWAYS FOR ITS BENEFICIAL EFFECTS ON HOST HEALTH AND LIFESPAN, AND GUT DYSBIOSIS DISRUPTING THE INTERDEPENDENCE MAY DIMINISH THE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OR EVEN HAVE REVERSE EFFECTS. GUT DYSBIOSIS CAN TRIGGER THE INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE AND CHRONIC LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATION, LEADING TO MANY AGE-RELATED DEGENERATIVE PATHOLOGIES AND UNHEALTHY AGING. THE GUT MICROBIOTA COMMUNICATES WITH THE HOST THROUGH VARIOUS BIOMOLECULES, NUTRIENT SIGNALING-INDEPENDENT PATHWAYS, AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. DISTURBANCE OF THESE COMMUNICATIONS BY AGE-RELATED GUT DYSBIOSIS CAN AFFECT THE HOST HEALTH AND LIFESPAN. THIS MAY EXPLAIN THE IMPACT OF THE GUT MICROBIOME ON HEALTH AND AGING.	2018