1  2755 146 EXPRESSION OF CLASS II HISTONE DEACETYLASES IN TWO MOUSE MODELS OF TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY. EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS LIKE ALTERED HISTONE ACETYLATION MAY HAVE A CRUCIAL ROLE IN EPILEPTOGENESIS. IN TWO MOUSE MODELS OF TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY, WE INVESTIGATED CHANGES IN THE EXPRESSION OF CLASS II HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDAC), A GROUP OF SIGNAL TRANSDUCERS THAT SHUTTLE BETWEEN NUCLEUS AND CYTOPLASM. INTRAHIPPOCAMPAL INJECTION OF KAINIC ACID (KA) INDUCED A STATUS EPILEPTICUS, DEVELOPMENT OF SPONTANEOUS SEIZURES (AFTER 3 DAYS), AND FINALLY CHRONIC EPILEPSY AND GRANULE CELL DISPERSION. EXPRESSION OF CLASS II HDAC MRNAS WAS INVESTIGATED AT DIFFERENT TIME INTERVALS AFTER KA INJECTION IN THE GRANULE CELL LAYERS AND IN SECTORS CA1 AND CA3 CONTRALATERAL TO THE SITE OF KA INJECTION LACKING NEURODEGENERATION. INCREASED EXPRESSION OF HDAC5 AND 9 MRNAS COINCIDED WITH PRONOUNCED GRANULE CELL DISPERSION IN THE KA-INJECTED HIPPOCAMPUS AT LATE INTERVALS (14-28 DAYS AFTER KA) AND EQUALLY AFFECTED BOTH HDAC9 SPLICE VARIANTS. IN CONTRAST, IN THE PILOCARPINE MODEL (SHOWING NO GRANULE CELL DISPERSION), WE OBSERVED DECREASES IN THE EXPRESSION OF HDAC5 AND 9 AT THE SAME TIME INTERVALS. BEYOND THIS, STRIKING SIMILARITIES BETWEEN BOTH TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY MODELS SUCH AS FAST DECREASES IN HDAC7 AND 10 MRNAS DURING THE ACUTE STATUS EPILEPTICUS WERE OBSERVED, NOTABLY ALSO IN THE CONTRALATERAL HIPPOCAMPUS NOT AFFECTED BY NEURODEGENERATION. THE PARTICULAR PATTERNS OF HDAC MRNA EXPRESSION SUGGEST A ROLE IN EPILEPTOGENESIS AND GRANULE CELL DISPERSION. REDUCED EXPRESSION OF HDACS MAY RESULT IN INCREASED EXPRESSION OF PRO- AND ANTICONVULSIVE PROTEINS. ON THE OTHER HAND, EXPORT OF HDACS FROM THE NUCLEUS INTO THE CYTOPLASM COULD ALLOW FOR DEACETYLATION OF CYTOPLASMATIC PROTEINS INVOLVED IN AXONAL AND DENDRITIC REMODELING, LIKE GRANULE CELL DISPERSION. HDAC 5 AND HDAC 9 EXPRESSION IS HIGHLY INCREASED IN GRANULE CELLS OF THE KA-INJECTED HIPPOCAMPUS AND PARALLELS GRANULE CELL DISPERSION. BOTH HDACS ARE THOUGHT TO BE TARGETED TO THE CYTOPLASM AND TO ACT THERE BY DEACETYLATING CYTOPLASMATIC (E.G. CYTOSCELETON-RELATED) PROTEINS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
2  3647  39 INCREASED REELIN PROMOTER METHYLATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH GRANULE CELL DISPERSION IN HUMAN TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY. MESIAL TEMPORAL SCLEROSIS (MTS) IS THE MOST COMMON LESION IN CHRONIC, INTRACTABLE TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSIES (TLE) AND CHARACTERIZED BY SEGMENTAL NEURONAL CELL LOSS IN MAJOR HIPPOCAMPAL SEGMENTS. ANOTHER HISTOPATHOLOGICAL HALLMARK INCLUDES GRANULE CELL DISPERSION (GCD), AN ARCHITECTURAL DISTURBANCE OF THE DENTATE GYRUS ENCOUNTERED IN APPROXIMATELY 50% OF PATIENTS WITH MESIAL TEMPORAL SCLEROSIS. REELIN, WHICH PLAYS A KEY ROLE DURING HIPPOCAMPAL DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF LAMINAR ORGANIZATION, IS SYNTHESIZED AND RELEASED BY CAJAL-RETZIUS CELLS OF THE DENTATE MOLECULAR LAYER, AND PREVIOUS STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT REELIN TRANSCRIPT LEVELS ARE DOWNREGULATED IN HUMAN TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSIES SPECIMENS. TO INVESTIGATE WHETHER EPIGENETIC SILENCING BY REELIN PROMOTER METHYLATION MAY BE AN UNDERLYING PATHOGENETIC MECHANISM OF GCD, DNA WAS HARVESTED FROM 3 MICRODISSECTED HIPPOCAMPAL SUBREGIONS (I.E. MOLECULAR AND GRANULE CELL LAYERS OF THE DENTATE GYRUS AND PRESUBICULUM) FROM 8 MTS SPECIMENS WITH GCD, 5 TLE SAMPLES WITHOUT GCD, AND 3 AUTOPSY CONTROLS. PROMOTER METHYLATION WAS ANALYZED AFTER BISULFITE TREATMENT, CLONING, AND DIRECT SEQUENCING; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY WAS PERFORMED TO IDENTIFY CAJAL-RETZIUS CELLS. REELIN PROMOTER METHYLATION WAS FOUND TO BE GREATER IN TLE SPECIMENS THAN IN CONTROLS; PROMOTER METHYLATION CORRELATED WITH GCD AMONG TLE SPECIMENS (P < 0.0002). NO OTHER CLINICAL OR HISTOPATHOLOGICAL PARAMETER (I.E. SEX, AGE, SEIZURE DURATION, MEDICATION OR EXTENT, OF MTS) CORRELATED WITH PROMOTER METHYLATION. THESE DATA SUPPORT A COMPROMISED REELIN-SIGNALING PATHWAY AND IDENTIFY PROMOTER METHYLATION AS AN EPIGENETIC MECHANISM IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF TLE.	2009	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
3  5345  77 RAPID CHANGES IN EXPRESSION OF CLASS I AND IV HISTONE DEACETYLASES DURING EPILEPTOGENESIS IN MOUSE MODELS OF TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY. A PROMINENT ROLE OF EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN MANIFESTATION OF EPILEPSY HAS BEEN PROPOSED. THUS ALTERED HISTONE H3 AND H4 ACETYLATION HAS BEEN DEMONSTRATED IN EXPERIMENTAL MODELS OF TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY (TLE). WE NOW INVESTIGATED CHANGES IN THE EXPRESSION OF THE CLASS I AND CLASS IV HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDAC) IN TWO COMPLEMENTARY MOUSE TLE MODELS. UNILATERAL INTRAHIPPOCAMPAL INJECTION OF KAINIC ACID (KA) INDUCED A STATUS EPILEPTICUS LASTING 6 TO 24H, DEVELOPMENT OF SPONTANEOUS LIMBIC SEIZURES (2 TO 3 DAYS AFTER KA INJECTION) AND CHRONIC EPILEPSY, AS REVEALED BY TELEMETRIC RECORDINGS OF THE EEGS. MICE WERE KILLED AT DIFFERENT INTERVALS AFTER KA INJECTION AND EXPRESSION OF HDAC MRNAS WAS INVESTIGATED BY IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION. WE OBSERVED MARKED DECREASES IN THE EXPRESSION OF HDACS 1, 2 AND 11 (BY UP TO 75%) IN THE GRANULE CELL AND PYRAMIDAL CELL LAYERS OF THE HIPPOCAMPUS DURING THE ACUTE STATUS EPILEPTICUS (2 TO 6H AFTER KA INJECTION). THIS WAS FOLLOWED BY INCREASED EXPRESSION OF ALL CLASS I HDAC MRNAS IN ALL PRINCIPAL CELL LAYERS OF THE HIPPOCAMPUS AFTER 12 TO 48 H. IN THE CHRONIC PHASE, 14 AND 28 DAYS AFTER KA, ONLY MODEST INCREASES IN THE EXPRESSION OF HDAC1 MRNA WERE OBSERVED IN GRANULE AND PYRAMIDAL CELLS. IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY USING AN ANTIBODY DETECTING HDAC2 REVEALED RESULTS CONSISTENT WITH THE MRNA DATA AND INDICATES ALSO EXPRESSION IN GLIAL CELLS ON THE INJECTION SIDE. SIMILAR CHANGES AS SEEN IN THE KA MODEL WERE OBSERVED AFTER A PILOCARPINE-INDUCED STATUS EPILEPTICUS EXCEPT THAT DECREASES IN HDACS 2, 3 AND 8 WERE ALSO SEEN AT THE CHRONIC 28 DAY INTERVAL. THE PROMINENT DECREASES IN HDAC EXPRESSION DURING STATUS EPILEPTICUS ARE CONSISTENT WITH THE PREVIOUSLY DEMONSTRATED INCREASED EXPRESSION OF NUMEROUS PROTEINS AND WITH THE AUGMENTED ACETYLATION OF HISTONE H4. IT IS SUGGESTED THAT RESPECTIVE PUTATIVE GENE PRODUCTS COULD FACILITATE PROCONVULSIVE AS WELL AS ANTICONVULSIVE MECHANISMS. THE INCREASED EXPRESSION OF ALL CLASS I HDACS DURING THE "SILENT PHASE", ON THE OTHER HAND, MAY BE RELATED TO DECREASED HISTONE ACETYLATION, WHICH COULD CAUSE A DECREASE IN EXPRESSION OF CERTAIN PROTEINS, A MECHANISM THAT COULD ALSO PROMOTE EPILEPTOGENESIS. THUS, ADDRESSING HDAC EXPRESSION MAY HAVE A THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL IN INTERFERING WITH A STATUS EPILEPTICUS AND WITH THE MANIFESTATION OF TLE.	2015	
                                                                                                          
4  1332  38 DEPRESSIVE-LIKE PHENOTYPE INDUCED BY PRENATAL DEXAMETHASONE IN MICE IS REVERSED BY DESIPRAMINE. EXPOSURE TO PRENATAL INSULTS HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASED RISK FOR NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS, INCLUDING DEPRESSION, BUT THE MECHANISMS ARE STILL POORLY UNDERSTOOD. PERSISTENT ALTERATIONS OF THE HPA AXIS FEEDBACK MECHANISM AS WELL AS ADULT IMPAIRED NEUROGENESIS ARE BELIEVED TO PLAY A RELEVANT ROLE IN THE ETIOLOGY OF DEPRESSION. IN ADDITION, GROWING EVIDENCE POINTS AT EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING AS A KEY FACTOR. WE HAVE PREVIOUSLY SHOWN THAT PRENATAL EXPOSURE TO THE SYNTHETIC GLUCOCORTICOID DEXAMETHASONE (DEX) IMPAIRS NEUROGENESIS AND LEADS TO LATE ONSET OF DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIOR THAT DOES NOT RESPOND TO THE SSRI ANTIDEPRESSANT FLUOXETINE (FLX). THE AIMS OF THIS STUDY WERE TO ASSESS THE EFFECT OF DEX PRENATAL EXPOSURE ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF HIPPOCAMPAL GRANULE NEURONS AND ON THE EXPRESSION OF GENES RELATED TO PLASTICITY; AND TO TEST WHETHER THE SNRI ANTIDEPRESSANT DESIPRAMINE (DMI), UNLIKE FLX, COULD COUNTERACT THE EFFECT OF PRENATAL-DEX. C57BL/6 MICE WERE EXPOSED TO DEX (0.05 MG/KG/DAY) IN UTERO AND RECEIVED INTRA-HIPPOCAMPAL INJECTION OF GFP EXPRESSING RETROVIRAL VECTOR FOR LABELING OF NEWBORN GRANULE CELLS AT ELEVEN MONTHS. BY TWELVE MONTHS, DEX MICE SHOWED DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIOR ASSOCIATED WITH DECREASED NEUROGENESIS AND MORPHOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS OF THE NEWBORN GRANULE CELLS IN THE DENTATE GYRUS (DG). FURTHERMORE DEX MICE DISPLAYED ALTERED EXPRESSION OF GENES CONTROLLING NEUROGENESIS AND NEURONAL MORPHOLOGY, SUCH AS CDKN1C, P16, TRKB, DISC1 AND REELIN. CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH DMI LED TO A SIGNIFICANT DECREASE IN IMMOBILITY TIME IN THE FORCED SWIM TEST. IN ADDITION, DMI RESTORED NEUROGENESIS, NEURONAL MORPHOLOGY IN THE DG, AS WELL AS THE EXPRESSION OF ALL RELATED GENES. OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT (1) PRENATAL DEX INDUCES EARLY AND PERSISTENT REPROGRAMMING EFFECTS RESULTING IN ALTERED NEUROGENESIS AND NEURONAL MORPHOLOGY; AND (2) DMI TREATMENT REVERSES DEX-INDUCED DEPRESSION BY RESTORING THE EXPRESSION OF GENES RELEVANT TO NEURONAL PLASTICITY.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
5  3971  42 LONG-LASTING NEUROTOXIC EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE TO METHYLMERCURY DURING DEVELOPMENT. AMONGST ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS, METHYLMERCURY (MEHG) REMAINS A MAJOR CONCERN BECAUSE OF ITS DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS ON DEVELOPING ORGANISMS, WHICH APPEAR TO BE PARTICULARLY SUSCEPTIBLE TO ITS TOXICITY. HERE, WE INVESTIGATED THE EFFECTS OF LOW MEHG LEVELS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM USING BOTH IN VITRO AND IN VIVO EXPERIMENTAL MODELS. IN NEURAL STEM CELLS (NSCS), MEHG DECREASED PROLIFERATION AND NEURONAL DIFFERENTIATION AND INDUCED CELLULAR SENESCENCE ASSOCIATED WITH IMPAIRMENT IN MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION AND A CONCOMITANT DECREASE IN GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION. INTERESTINGLY, THE EFFECTS WERE HERITABLE AND COULD BE OBSERVED IN DAUGHTER NSCS NEVER DIRECTLY EXPOSED TO MEHG. BY CHRONICALLY EXPOSING PREGNANT/LACTATING MICE TO MEHG, WE FOUND PERSISTENT BEHAVIOURAL CHANGES IN THE MALE OFFSPRING, WHICH EXHIBITED DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIOUR THAT COULD BE REVERSED BY CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH THE ANTIDEPRESSANT FLUOXETINE. THE BEHAVIOURAL ALTERATIONS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH A DECREASED NUMBER OF PROLIFERATING CELLS AND LOWER EXPRESSION OF BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) MRNA IN THE HIPPOCAMPAL DENTATE GYRUS. MEHG EXPOSURE ALSO INDUCED LONG-LASTING DNA HYPERMETHYLATION, INCREASED HISTONE H3-K27 TRI-METHYLATION AND DECREASED H3 ACETYLATION AT THE BDNF PROMOTER IV, INDICATING THAT EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS PLAY A CRITICAL ROLE IN MEDIATING THE LONG-LASTING EFFECTS OF PERINATAL EXPOSURE TO MEHG. FLUOXETINE TREATMENT RESTORED THE BDNF MRNA EXPRESSION LEVELS, AS WELL AS THE NUMBER OF PROLIFERATING CELLS IN THE GRANULE CELL LAYER OF THE DENTATE GYRUS, WHICH FURTHER SUPPORTS THE HYPOTHESIS THAT LINKS DEPRESSION TO IMPAIRED NEUROGENESIS. ALTOGETHER, OUR FINDINGS HAVE SHOWN THAT LOW CONCENTRATIONS OF MEHG INDUCE LONG-LASTING EFFECTS IN NSCS THAT CAN POTENTIALLY PREDISPOSE INDIVIDUALS TO DEPRESSION, WHICH WE HAVE REPORTED EARLIER TO OCCUR IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS EXPOSED TO MEHG DURING PRENATAL AND EARLY POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
6  1875  41 EMERGING ROLE OF ONE-CARBON METABOLISM AND DNA METHYLATION ENRICHMENT ON DELTA-CONTAINING GABAA RECEPTOR EXPRESSION IN THE CEREBELLUM OF SUBJECTS WITH ALCOHOL USE DISORDERS (AUD). BACKGROUND: CEREBELLUM IS AN AREA OF THE BRAIN PARTICULARLY SENSITIVE TO THE EFFECTS OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION. ALCOHOL EXPOSURE DECREASES CEREBELLAR PURKINJE CELL OUTPUT BY INCREASING GABA RELEASE FROM GOLGI CELLS ONTO EXTRASYNAPTIC ALPHA6/DELTA-CONTAINING GABAA RECEPTORS LOCATED ON GLUTAMATERGIC GRANULE CELLS. HERE, WE STUDIED WHETHER CHRONIC ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION INDUCES CHANGES IN GABAA RECEPTOR SUBUNIT EXPRESSION AND WHETHER THESE CHANGES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH ALTERATIONS IN EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS VIA DNA METHYLATION. METHODS: WE USED A COHORT OF POSTMORTEM CEREBELLUM FROM CONTROL AND CHRONIC ALCOHOLICS, HERE DEFINED AS ALCOHOL USE DISORDERS SUBJECTS (N=25/GROUP). S-ADENOSYL-METHIONINE/S-ADENOSYL-HOMOCYSTEINE WERE MEASURED BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY. MRNA LEVELS OF VARIOUS GENES WERE ASSESSED BY REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE-QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION. PROMOTER METHYLATION ENRICHMENT WAS ASSESSED USING METHYLATED DNA IMMUNOPRECIPITATION AND HYDROXY-METHYLATED DNA IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ASSAYS. RESULTS: MRNAS ENCODING KEY ENZYMES OF 1-CARBON METABOLISM THAT DETERMINE THE S-ADENOSYL-METHIONINE/S-ADENOSYL-HOMOCYSTEINE RATIO WERE INCREASED, INDICATING HIGHER "METHYLATION INDEX" IN ALCOHOL USE DISORDER SUBJECTS. WE FOUND THAT INCREASED METHYLATION OF THE PROMOTER OF THE DELTA SUBUNIT GABAA RECEPTOR WAS ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCED MRNA AND PROTEIN LEVELS IN THE CEREBELLUM OF ALCOHOL USE DISORDER SUBJECTS. NO CHANGES WERE OBSERVED IN ALPHA1- OR ALPHA6-CONTAINING GABAA RECEPTOR SUBUNITS. THE EXPRESSION OF DNA-METHYLTRANSFERASES (1, 3A, AND 3B) WAS UNALTERED, WHEREAS THE MRNA LEVEL OF TET1, WHICH PARTICIPATES IN THE DNA DEMETHYLATION PATHWAY, WAS DECREASED. HENCE, INCREASED METHYLATION OF THE DELTA SUBUNIT GABAA RECEPTOR PROMOTER MAY RESULT FROM ALCOHOL-INDUCED REDUCTION OF DNA DEMETHYLATION. CONCLUSION: TOGETHER, THESE RESULTS SUPPORT THE HYPOTHESIS THAT ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION PATHWAYS MAY BE INVOLVED IN CEREBELLAR PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ALCOHOLISM. FURTHERMORE, THIS WORK PROVIDES NOVEL EVIDENCE FOR A CENTRAL ROLE OF DNA METHYLATION MECHANISMS IN THE ALCOHOL-INDUCED NEUROADAPTIVE CHANGES OF HUMAN CEREBELLAR GABAA RECEPTOR FUNCTION.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                    
7  2827  30 FLUOXETINE INCREASES HIPPOCAMPAL NEUROGENESIS AND INDUCES EPIGENETIC FACTORS BUT DOES NOT IMPROVE FUNCTIONAL RECOVERY AFTER TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY. THE SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITOR FLUOXETINE INDUCES HIPPOCAMPAL NEUROGENESIS, STIMULATES MATURATION AND SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY OF ADULT HIPPOCAMPAL NEURONS, AND REDUCES MOTOR/SENSORY AND MEMORY IMPAIRMENTS IN SEVERAL CNS DISORDERS. IN THE SETTING OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY (TBI), ITS EFFECTS ON NEUROPLASTICITY AND FUNCTION HAVE YET TO BE THOROUGHLY INVESTIGATED. HERE WE EXAMINED THE EFFICACY OF FLUOXETINE AFTER A MODERATE TO SEVERE TBI, PRODUCED BY A CONTROLLED CORTICAL IMPACT. THREE DAYS AFTER TBI OR SHAM SURGERY, MICE WERE TREATED WITH FLUOXETINE (10 MG/KG/D) OR VEHICLE FOR 4 WEEKS. TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTS OF FLUOXETINE ON NEUROPLASTICITY, HIPPOCAMPAL NEUROGENESIS AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION WERE STUDIED. STEREOLOGIC ANALYSIS OF THE DENTATE GYRUS REVEALED A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN DOUBLECORTIN-POSITIVE CELLS IN BRAIN-INJURED ANIMALS TREATED WITH FLUOXETINE RELATIVE TO CONTROLS, A FINDING CONSISTENT WITH ENHANCED HIPPOCAMPAL NEUROGENESIS. EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, INCLUDING AN INCREASE IN HISTONE 3 ACETYLATION AND INDUCTION OF METHYL-CPG-BINDING PROTEIN, A TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR INVOLVED IN DNA METHYLATION, WERE LIKEWISE SEEN BY IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY AND QUANTITATIVE WESTERN IMMUNOBLOTS, RESPECTIVELY, IN BRAIN-INJURED ANIMALS TREATED WITH FLUOXETINE. TO DETERMINE IF FLUOXETINE IMPROVES NEUROLOGICAL OUTCOMES AFTER TBI, GAIT FUNCTION AND SPATIAL LEARNING AND MEMORY WERE ASSESSED BY THE CATWALK-ASSISTED GAIT TEST AND BARNES MAZE TEST, RESPECTIVELY. NO DIFFERENCES IN THESE PARAMETERS WERE SEEN BETWEEN FLUOXETINE- AND VEHICLE-TREATED ANIMALS. THUS WHILE FLUOXETINE ENHANCED NEUROPLASTICITY IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS AFTER TBI, ITS CHRONIC ADMINISTRATION DID NOT RESTORE LOCOMOTOR FUNCTION OR AMELIORATE MEMORY DEFICITS.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
8  3331  40 HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR SUBERANILOHYDROXAMIC ACID TREATMENT REVERSES HYPOSENSITIVITY TO GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID IN THE VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA DURING ETHANOL WITHDRAWAL. BACKGROUND: THE VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA (VTA) IS IMPORTANT FOR ALCOHOL-RELATED REWARD AND REINFORCEMENT. MOUSE VTA NEURONS ARE HYPOSENSITIVE TO GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID (GABA) DURING ETHANOL (ETOH) WITHDRAWAL, AND GABA RESPONSIVENESS IS NORMALIZED BY IN VITRO TREATMENT WITH HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS (HDACI). THE PRESENT STUDY EXAMINED THE EFFECT OF A SYSTEMICALLY ADMINISTERED HDACI, SUBERANILOHYDROXAMIC ACID (SAHA) ON GABA SENSITIVITY, AND RELATED MOLECULAR CHANGES IN VTA NEURONS DURING WITHDRAWAL AFTER CHRONIC ETOH INTAKE IN RATS. METHODS: SPRAGUE DAWLEY MALE ADULT RATS WERE FED WITH LIEBER-DECARLI DIET (9% ETOH OR CONTROL DIET) FOR 16 DAYS. EXPERIMENTAL GROUPS INCLUDED CONTROL DIET-FED AND ETOH DIET-FED (0- OR 24-HOUR WITHDRAWAL) RATS TREATED WITH EITHER SAHA OR VEHICLE INJECTION. SINGLE-UNIT RECORDINGS WERE USED TO MEASURE THE RESPONSE OF VTA NEURONS TO GABA. IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY WAS PERFORMED TO EXAMINE LEVELS OF HDAC2, ACETYLATED HISTONE H3 LYSINE 9 (ACH3K9), AND GABA(A) RECEPTOR ALPHA1 AND ALPHA5 SUBUNITS IN THE VTA; QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION WAS PERFORMED TO EXAMINE THE MRNA LEVELS OF HDAC2 AND GABA(A) RECEPTOR SUBUNITS. RESULTS: VTA NEURONS FROM THE WITHDRAWAL GROUP EXHIBITED GABA HYPOSENSITIVITY. IN VIVO SAHA TREATMENT 2 HOURS BEFORE SACRIFICE NORMALIZED THE SENSITIVITY OF VTA NEURONS TO GABA. ETOH WITHDRAWAL WAS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED HDAC2 AND DECREASED ACH3K9 PROTEIN LEVELS; SAHA TREATMENT NORMALIZED ACH3K9 LEVELS. INTERESTINGLY, NO SIGNIFICANT CHANGE WAS OBSERVED IN THE MRNA LEVELS OF HDAC2. THE MRNA LEVELS, BUT NOT PROTEIN LEVELS, OF GABA(A) RECEPTOR ALPHA1 AND ALPHA5 SUBUNITS WERE INCREASED DURING WITHDRAWAL. CONCLUSIONS: WITHDRAWAL FROM CHRONIC ETOH EXPOSURE RESULTS IN A DECREASE IN GABA-MEDIATED INHIBITION, AND THIS GABA HYPOSENSITIVITY IS NORMALIZED BY IN VIVO SAHA TREATMENT. DISRUPTION OF SIGNALING IN THE VTA PRODUCED BY ALTERATION OF GABA NEUROTRANSMISSION COULD BE 1 NEUROADAPTIVE PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS LEADING TO CRAVING AND RELAPSE. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT HDACI PHARMACOTHERAPY WITH AGENTS LIKE SAHA MIGHT BE AN EFFECTIVE TREATMENT FOR ALCOHOLISM.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
9  2116  39 EPIGENETIC HISTONE DEACETYLATION INHIBITION PREVENTS THE DEVELOPMENT AND PERSISTENCE OF TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY. EPILEPSY IS A CHRONIC BRAIN DISEASE CHARACTERIZED BY REPEATED UNPROVOKED SEIZURES. CURRENTLY, NO DRUG THERAPY EXISTS FOR CURING EPILEPSY OR DISEASE MODIFICATION IN PEOPLE AT RISK. DESPITE SEVERAL EMERGING MECHANISMS, THERE HAVE BEEN FEW STUDIES OF EPIGENETIC SIGNALING IN EPILEPTOGENESIS, THE PROCESS WHEREBY A NORMAL BRAIN BECOMES PROGRESSIVELY EPILEPTIC BECAUSE OF PRECIPITATING FACTORS. HERE, WE REPORT A NOVEL ROLE OF HISTONE DEACETYLATION AS A CRITICAL EPIGENETIC MECHANISM IN EPILEPTOGENESIS. EXPERIMENTS WERE CONDUCTED USING THE HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC) INHIBITOR SODIUM BUTYRATE IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS KINDLING MODEL OF TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY (TLE), A CLASSIC MODEL HEAVILY USED TO APPROVE DRUGS FOR TREATMENT OF EPILEPSY. DAILY TREATMENT WITH BUTYRATE SIGNIFICANTLY INHIBITED HDAC ACTIVITY AND RETARDED THE DEVELOPMENT OF LIMBIC EPILEPTOGENESIS WITHOUT AFFECTING AFTER-DISCHARGE SIGNAL. HDAC INHIBITION MARKEDLY IMPAIRED THE PERSISTENCE OF SEIZURE EXPRESSION MANY WEEKS AFTER EPILEPSY DEVELOPMENT. MOREOVER, SUBCHRONIC HDAC INHIBITION FOR 2 WEEKS RESULTED IN A STRIKING RETARDATION OF EPILEPTOGENESIS. HDAC INHIBITION, UNEXPECTEDLY, ALSO SHOWED ERASURE OF THE EPILEPTOGENIC STATE IN EPILEPTIC ANIMALS. FINALLY, BUTYRATE-TREATED ANIMALS EXHIBITED A POWERFUL REDUCTION IN MOSSY FIBER SPROUTING, A MORPHOLOGIC INDEX OF EPILEPTOGENESIS. TOGETHER THESE RESULTS UNDERSCORE THAT HDAC INHIBITION PREVENTS THE DEVELOPMENT OF TLE, INDICATING HDAC'S CRITICAL SIGNALING ROLE IN EPILEPTOGENESIS. THESE FINDINGS, THEREFORE, ENVISAGE A UNIQUE NOVEL THERAPY FOR PREVENTING OR CURING EPILEPSY BY TARGETING THE EPIGENETIC HDAC PATHWAY.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
10  4397  35 MODULATION OF DNA METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION IN RODENT CORTICAL NEUROPLASTICITY PATHWAYS EXERTS RAPID ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE EFFECTS. BACKGROUND: STRESS INCREASES DNA METHYLATION, PRIMARILY A SUPPRESSIVE EPIGENETIC MECHANISM CATALYZED BY DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES (DNMT), AND DECREASES THE EXPRESSION OF GENES INVOLVED IN NEURONAL PLASTICITY AND MOOD REGULATION. DESPITE CHRONIC ANTIDEPRESSANT TREATMENT DECREASES STRESS-INDUCED DNA METHYLATION, IT IS NOT KNOWN WHETHER INHIBITION OF DNMT WOULD CONVEY RAPID ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE EFFECTS. AIM: THIS WORK TESTED SUCH A HYPOTHESIS AND EVALUATED WHETHER A BEHAVIORAL EFFECT INDUCED BY DNMT INHIBITORS (DNMTI) CORRESPONDS WITH CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION AND TRANSCRIPT LEVELS IN GENES CONSISTENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF DEPRESSION AND SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY (BDNF, TRKB, 5-HT(1A), NMDA, AND AMPA). METHODS: MALE WISTAR RATS RECEIVED INTRAPERITONEAL (I.P.) INJECTION OF TWO PHARMACOLOGICALLY DIFFERENT DNMTI (5-AZAD 0.2 AND 0.6 MG/KG OR RG108 0.6 MG/KG) OR VEHICLE (1 ML/KG), 1 H OR 7 DAYS BEFORE THE LEARNED HELPLESSNESS TEST (LH). DNA METHYLATION IN TARGET GENES AND THE CORRESPONDENT TRANSCRIPT LEVELS WERE MEASURED IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS (HPC) AND PREFRONTAL CORTEX (PFC) USING MEDIP-QPCR. IN PARALLEL SEPARATE GROUPS, THE ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE EFFECT OF 5-AZAD AND RG108 WAS INVESTIGATED IN THE FORCED SWIMMING TEST (FST). THE INVOLVEMENT OF CORTICAL BDNF-TRKB-MTOR PATHWAYS WAS ASSESSED BY INTRA-VENTRAL MEDIAL PFC (VMPFC) INJECTIONS OF RAPAMYCIN (MTOR INHIBITOR), K252A (TRKB RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST), OR VEHICLE (0.2 MUL/SIDE). RESULTS: WE FOUND THAT BOTH 5-AZAD AND RG108 ACUTELY AND 7 DAYS BEFORE THE TEST DECREASED ESCAPE FAILURES IN THE LH. LH STRESS INCREASED DNA METHYLATION AND DECREASED TRANSCRIPT LEVELS OF BDNF IV AND TRKB IN THE PFC, EFFECTS THAT WERE NOT SIGNIFICANTLY ATTENUATED BY RG108 TREATMENT. THE SYSTEMIC ADMINISTRATION OF 5-AZAD (0.2 MG/KG) AND RG108 (0.2 MG/KG) INDUCED AN ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE EFFECT IN FST, WHICH WAS, HOWEVER, ATTENUATED BY TRKB AND MTOR INHIBITION INTO THE VMPFC. CONCLUSION: THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT ACUTE INHIBITION OF STRESS-INDUCED DNA METHYLATION PROMOTES RAPID AND SUSTAINED ANTIDEPRESSANT EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED BDNF-TRKB-MTOR SIGNALING IN THE PFC.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
11  1003  32 CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH FLUOXETINE INDUCES SEX-DEPENDENT ANALGESIC EFFECTS AND MODULATES HDAC2 AND MGLU2 EXPRESSION IN FEMALE MICE. GENDER AND SEX DIFFERENCES IN PAIN RECOGNITION AND DRUG RESPONSES HAVE BEEN REPORTED IN CLINICAL TRIALS AND EXPERIMENTAL MODELS OF PAIN. AMONG ANTIDEPRESSANTS, CONTRADICTORY RESULTS HAVE BEEN OBSERVED IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS (SSRIS). THIS STUDY EVALUATED SEX DIFFERENCES IN RESPONSE TO THE SSRI FLUOXETINE AFTER CHRONIC ADMINISTRATION IN THE MOUSE FORMALIN TEST. ADULT MALE AND FEMALE CD1 MICE WERE INTRAPERITONEALLY INJECTED WITH FLUOXETINE (10 MG/KG) FOR 21 DAYS AND SUBJECTED TO PAIN ASSESSMENT. FLUOXETINE TREATMENT REDUCED THE SECOND PHASE OF THE FORMALIN TEST ONLY IN FEMALE MICE WITHOUT PRODUCING BEHAVIORAL CHANGES IN MALES. WE ALSO OBSERVED THAT FLUOXETINE WAS ABLE TO SPECIFICALLY INCREASE THE EXPRESSION OF METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR TYPE-2 (MGLU2) IN FEMALES. ALSO A REDUCED EXPRESSION OF THE EPIGENETIC MODIFYING ENZYME, HISTONE DEACETYLASE 2 (HDAC2), IN DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA (DRG) AND DORSAL HORN (DH) TOGETHER WITH AN INCREASE HISTONE 3 ACETYLATION (H3) LEVEL WAS OBSERVED IN FEMALES BUT NOT IN MALES. WITH THIS STUDY WE PROVIDE EVIDENCE THAT FLUOXETINE INDUCES SEX SPECIFIC CHANGES IN HDAC2 AND MGLU2 EXPRESSION IN THE DH OF THE SPINAL CORD AND IN DRGS AND SUGGESTS A MOLECULAR EXPLANATION FOR THE ANALGESIC EFFECTS IN FEMALE MICE.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
12  1831  34 EFFECTS OF MATERNAL SEPARATION AND ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUG ON EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF THE BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR EXON I PROMOTER IN THE ADULT RAT HIPPOCAMPUS. AIM: EARLY LIFE STRESS CAN INDUCE EPIGENETIC CHANGES THROUGH GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTIONS AND IS A RISK FACTOR FOR DEPRESSION. BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) HAS BEEN IMPLICATED IN THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DEPRESSION AND ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUG ACTION. WE INVESTIGATED EPIGENETIC CHANGES AT THE BDNF EXON I PROMOTER IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS OF ADULT RATS SUBJECTED TO MATERNAL SEPARATION (MS) DURING EARLY LIFE AND TREATED WITH AN ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUG AS ADULTS. METHODS: RAT PUPS WERE SUBJECTED TO MS FROM POSTNATAL DAY 1 TO 21 AND RECEIVED CHRONIC ESCITALOPRAM (ESC) AS ADULTS. WE ASSESSED THE EFFECTS OF MS AND ESC ON BDNF EXON I AND DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES (DNMT) MRNA LEVELS (QUANTITATIVE REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION), ACETYLATED HISTONE H3, AND MECP2 BINDING TO THE BDNF PROMOTER I (CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION FOLLOWED BY REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION), AND BDNF PROTEIN LEVELS (ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY). RESULTS: THE LEVELS OF BDNF PROTEIN, EXON I MRNA, HISTONE H3 ACETYLATION, AND DNMT1 AND DNMT3A MRNA WERE ALTERED IN THE MS GROUP COMPARED WITH THE CONTROL GROUP. SIGNIFICANT DECREASES WERE OBSERVED IN THE BDNF PROTEIN, EXON I MRNA, AND HISTONE H3 ACETYLATION LEVELS AND THERE WERE SIGNIFICANT INCREASES IN DNMT1 AND DNMT3A MRNA LEVELS. THE COMPARISON BETWEEN THE MS + ESC AND MS GROUPS REVEALED SIGNIFICANT INCREASES IN BDNF PROTEIN, EXON I MRNA, AND HISTONE H3 ACETYLATION LEVELS AND SIGNIFICANT DECREASES IN MECP2 AND DNMT1 AND DNMT3A MRNA LEVELS. CONCLUSION: THESE FINDINGS INDICATE THAT MS INDUCED EPIGENETIC CHANGES AT THE BDNF EXON I PROMOTER AND THESE CHANGES WERE PREVENTED BY ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUG TREATMENT DURING ADULTHOOD.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
13   579  41 BEHAVIORAL AND MOLECULAR NEUROEPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS IN PRENATALLY STRESSED MICE: RELEVANCE FOR THE STUDY OF CHROMATIN REMODELING PROPERTIES OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS. WE HAVE RECENTLY REPORTED THAT MICE BORN FROM DAMS STRESSED DURING PREGNANCY (PRS MICE), IN ADULTHOOD, HAVE BEHAVIORAL DEFICITS REMINISCENT OF BEHAVIORS OBSERVED IN SCHIZOPHRENIA (SZ) AND BIPOLAR (BP) DISORDER PATIENTS. FURTHERMORE, WE HAVE SHOWN THAT THE FRONTAL CORTEX (FC) AND HIPPOCAMPUS OF ADULT PRS MICE, LIKE THAT OF POSTMORTEM CHRONIC SZ PATIENTS, ARE CHARACTERIZED BY INCREASES IN DNA-METHYLTRANSFERASE 1 (DNMT1), TEN-ELEVEN METHYLCYTOSINE DIOXYGENASE 1 (TET1) AND EXHIBIT AN ENRICHMENT OF 5-METHYLCYTOSINE (5MC) AND 5-HYDROXYMETHYLCYTOSINE (5HMC) AT NEOCORTICAL GABAERGIC AND GLUTAMATERGIC GENE PROMOTERS. HERE, WE SHOW THAT THE BEHAVIORAL DEFICITS AND THE INCREASED 5MC AND 5HMC AT GLUTAMIC ACID DECARBOXYLASE 67 (GAD1), REELIN (RELN) AND BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) PROMOTERS AND THE REDUCED EXPRESSION OF THE MESSENGER RNAS (MRNAS) AND PROTEINS CORRESPONDING TO THESE GENES IN FC OF ADULT PRS MICE IS REVERSED BY TREATMENT WITH CLOZAPINE (5 MG KG(-1) TWICE A DAY FOR 5 DAYS) BUT NOT BY HALOPERIDOL (1 MG KG(-1) TWICE A DAY FOR 5 DAYS). INTERESTINGLY, CLOZAPINE HAD NO EFFECT ON EITHER THE BEHAVIOR, PROMOTER METHYLATION OR THE EXPRESSION OF THESE MRNAS AND PROTEINS WHEN ADMINISTERED TO OFFSPRING OF NONSTRESSED PREGNANT MICE. CLOZAPINE, BUT NOT HALOPERIDOL, REDUCED THE ELEVATED LEVELS OF DNMT1 AND TET1, AS WELL AS THE ELEVATED LEVELS OF DNMT1 BINDING TO GAD1, RELN AND BDNF PROMOTERS IN PRS MICE SUGGESTING THAT CLOZAPINE, UNLIKE HALOPERIDOL, MAY LIMIT DNA METHYLATION BY INTERFERING WITH DNA METHYLATION DYNAMICS. WE CONCLUDE THAT THE PRS MOUSE MODEL MAY BE USEFUL PRECLINICALLY IN SCREENING FOR THE POTENTIAL EFFICACY OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS ACTING ON ALTERED EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. FURTHERMORE, PRS MICE MAY BE INVALUABLE FOR UNDERSTANDING THE ETIOPATHOGENESIS OF SZ AND BP DISORDER AND FOR PREDICTING TREATMENT RESPONSES AT EARLY STAGES OF THE ILLNESS ALLOWING FOR EARLY DETECTION AND REMEDIAL INTERVENTION.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
14  5617  37 SARCOSINE SUPPRESSES EPILEPTOGENESIS IN RATS WITH EFFECTS ON HIPPOCAMPAL DNA METHYLATION. EPILEPTOGENESIS IS A COMMON CONSEQUENCE OF BRAIN INSULTS, HOWEVER, THE PREVENTION OR DELAY OF THE EPILEPTOGENIC PROCESS REMAINS AN IMPORTANT UNMET MEDICAL CHALLENGE. OVEREXPRESSION OF GLYCINE TRANSPORTER 1 (GLYT1) IS PROPOSED AS A PATHOLOGICAL HALLMARK IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS OF PATIENTS WITH TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY (TLE), AND WE PREVIOUSLY DEMONSTRATED IN RODENT EPILEPSY MODELS THAT AUGMENTATION OF GLYCINE SUPPRESSED CHRONIC SEIZURES AND ALTERED ACUTE SEIZURE THRESHOLDS. IN THE PRESENT STUDY WE EVALUATED THE EFFECT OF THE GLYT1 INHIBITOR, SARCOSINE (AKA N-METHYLGLYCINE), ON EPILEPTOGENESIS AND ALSO INVESTIGATED POSSIBLE MECHANISMS. WE DEVELOPED A MODIFIED RAPID KINDLING MODEL OF EPILEPTOGENESIS IN RATS COMBINED WITH SEIZURE SCORE MONITORING TO EVALUATE THE ANTIEPILEPTOGENIC EFFECT OF SARCOSINE. WE USED IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY AND WESTERN BLOT ANALYSIS FOR THE EVALUATION OF GLYT1 EXPRESSION AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES OF 5-METHYLCYTOSINE (5MC) AND 5-HYDROXYMETHYLCYTOSINE (5HMC) IN THE EPILEPTOGENIC HIPPOCAMPI OF RATS, AND FURTHER EVALUATED EXPRESSION CHANGES IN ENZYMES INVOLVED IN THE REGULATION OF DNA METHYLATION, TEN-ELEVEN TRANSLOCATION METHYLCYTOSINE DIOXYGENASE 1 (TET1), DNA-METHYLTRANSFERASE 1 (DNMT1), AND DNMT3A. OUR RESULTS DEMONSTRATED: (I) EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE THAT SARCOSINE (3 G/KG, I.P. DAILY) SUPPRESSED KINDLING EPILEPTOGENESIS IN RATS; (II) THE SARCOSINE-INDUCED ANTIEPILEPTOGENIC EFFECT WAS ACCOMPANIED BY A SUPPRESSED HIPPOCAMPAL GLYT1 EXPRESSION AS WELL AS A REDUCTION OF HIPPOCAMPAL 5MC LEVELS AND A CORRESPONDING INCREASE IN 5HMC; AND (III) SARCOSINE TREATMENT CAUSED DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION CHANGES OF TET1 AND DNMTS. TOGETHER, THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT SARCOSINE HAS UNPRECEDENTED DISEASE-MODIFYING PROPERTIES IN A KINDLING MODEL OF EPILEPTOGENESIS IN RATS, WHICH WAS ASSOCIATED WITH ALTERED HIPPOCAMPAL DNA METHYLATION. THUS, MANIPULATION OF THE GLYCINE SYSTEM IS A POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC APPROACH TO ATTENUATE THE DEVELOPMENT OF EPILEPSY.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
15  1809  32 EFFECTS OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS ON THE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OF BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR GENE EXPRESSION IN THE HIPPOCAMPI OF CHRONIC RESTRAINT STRESS RATS. RECENT STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS HAVE EPIGENETIC EFFECTS. HOWEVER, THE EFFECTS OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS ON HISTONE MODIFICATION REMAIN UNCLEAR. THEREFORE, WE INVESTIGATED THE EFFECTS OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS ON THE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OF THE BDNF GENE IN THE RAT HIPPOCAMPUS. RATS WERE SUBJECTED TO CHRONIC RESTRAINT STRESS (6 H/D FOR 21 D) AND THEN WERE ADMINISTERED WITH EITHER OLANZAPINE (2 MG/KG) OR HALOPERIDOL (1 MG/KG). THE LEVELS OF HISTONE H3 ACETYLATION AND MECP2 BINDING AT BDNF PROMOTER IV WERE ASSESSED WITH CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ASSAYS. THE MRNA LEVELS OF TOTAL BDNF WITH EXON IV, HDAC5, DNMT1, AND DNMT3A WERE ASSESSED WITH A QUANTITATIVE RT-PCR PROCEDURE. CHRONIC RESTRAINT STRESS RESULTED IN THE DOWNREGULATION OF TOTAL AND EXON IV BDNF MRNA LEVELS AND A DECREASE IN HISTONE H3 ACETYLATION AND AN INCREASE IN MECP2 BINDING AT BDNF PROMOTER IV. FURTHERMORE, THERE WERE ROBUST INCREASES IN THE EXPRESSION OF HDAC5 AND DNMTS. OLANZAPINE ADMINISTRATION LARGELY PREVENTED THESE CHANGES. THE ADMINISTRATION OF HALOPERIDOL HAD NO EFFECT. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT THE ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG OLANZAPINE INDUCED HISTONE MODIFICATION OF BDNF GENE EXPRESSION IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS AND THAT THESE EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS MAY REPRESENT ONE OF THE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THE ACTIONS OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
16  1850  29 ELECTROACUPUNCTURE AMELIORATES DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS COMORBID TO CHRONIC NEUROPATHIC PAIN VIA TET1-MEDIATED RESTORATION OF ADULT NEUROGENESIS. ALTHOUGH ELECTROACUPUNCTURE (EA) STIMULATION IS A WIDELY USED THERAPY FOR CHRONIC PAIN AND COMORBID PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS, ITS LONG-TERM EFFECTS ON CHRONIC NEUROPATHIC PAIN-INDUCED DEPRESSION AND THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS REMAIN ELUSIVE. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, WE FOUND THAT EA STIMULATION WAS ABLE TO RESTORE ADULT NEUROGENESIS IN THE VENTRAL DENTATE GYRUS (DG), BY BOTH INCREASING NEURONAL DIFFERENTIATION AND RESTORING THE NORMAL MORPHOLOGY OF NEWBORN DENDRITES, IN MICE WITH SPARED NERVE INJURY SURGERY. BY ABLATING THE NESTIN+ NEURAL STEM CELLS (NSCS) VIA DIPHTHERIA TOXIN FRAGMENT A EXPRESSION, WE FURTHER PROVED THAT NEUROGENESIS IN THE VENTRAL DG WAS CRUCIAL TO THE LONG-TERM, BUT NOT THE IMMEDIATE ANTIDEPRESSANT EFFECT OF EA, NOR WAS IT ASSOCIATED WITH NOCICEPTION. FURTHERMORE, WE FOUND THAT THE RESTORATION OF NEUROGENESIS WAS DEPENDENT ON TET1-MEDIATED EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION UPON EA TREATMENT. TET1 COULD BIND TO THE PROMOTER OF THE PROX1 GENE, THUS CATALYZING ITS DEMETHYLATION AND FACILITATING ITS EXPRESSION, WHICH FINALLY CONTRIBUTED TO THE RESTORATION OF NEUROGENESIS AND AMELIORATION OF DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS INDUCED BY CHRONIC NEUROPATHIC PAIN. THUS, WE CONCLUDE THAT EA STIMULATION RESTORES INHIBITED TET1 EXPRESSION IN HIPPOCAMPAL NSCS OF MICE WITH CHRONIC NEUROPATHIC PAIN, AND INCREASED TET1 EXPRESSION AMELIORATES HYPERMETHYLATION OF PROX1 AND RESTORES NORMAL ADULT NEUROGENESIS IN THE VENTRAL DG, WHICH CONTRIBUTES TO THE LONG-TERM ANTIDEPRESSANT EFFECT OF EA.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
17   510  35 ASSOCIATION OF RASGRF1 METHYLATION WITH EPILEPTIC SEIZURES. DNA METHYLATION, ONE OF THE MECHANISMS OF EPIGENETIC REGULATION, HAS BEEN SUGGESTED TO BE RELATED WITH EPILEPSY. RASGRF1 IS A PATERNALLY IMPRINTED GENE AND HAS A DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGION (DMR) AT THE PROMOTER THAT CAN SILENCE GENE EXPRESSION. WE HAVE PREVIOUSLY OBSERVED THE DOWN-REGULATION OF RASGRF1 IN THE TEMPORAL NEOCORTEX OF EPILEPSY PATIENTS AND IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS OF EPILEPTIC ANIMALS. HERE, WE FURTHER EXPLORED THE DYNAMIC CHANGE (1-DAY ACUTE PERIOD, 10-DAY LATENT PERIOD AND 45-DAY CHRONIC PHASE) OF DNA METHYLATION AND RASGRF1 EXPRESSION AFTER ACUTE EPILEPTIC SEIZURES IN KAINIC ACID (KA)-TREATED MICE, AND WE OBSERVED THE IMPACT OF N-PHTHALYL-L-TRYPTOPHAN (RG108), A DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE (DNMT) INHIBITOR, ON AN ACUTE EPILEPTIC MODEL BY POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR), WESTERN BLOTTING, AND BISULFITE SEQUENCING PCR (BSP). THE RESULTS DIRECTLY SHOWED THAT THE METHYLATION OF THE RASGRF1 PROMOTER GRADUALLY INCREASED AND REACHED A MAXIMAL LEVEL AT THE LATENT PERIOD, WITH SUBSEQUENT SUPPRESSION OF RASGRF1 MRNA AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION LEVELS, WHICH REACHED A MINIMUM LEVEL IN THE CHRONIC PHASE. RG108 INHIBITED THE INCREASED METHYLATION OF THE RASGRF1 GENE, WITH SIGNIFICANT INHIBITION OCCURRING AT THE LATENT PERIOD, AND RESTORED RASGRF1 EXPRESSION LEVELS IN THE CHRONIC PHASE. IN ADDITION, WE DEMONSTRATED THAT RG108 COULD SUPPRESS ACUTE EPILEPTIC SEIZURES IN KA-TREATED MICE AND EPILEPTIC DISCHARGES IN 4-AMINOPYRIDINE (4-AP)-TREATED HIPPOCAMPAL SLICES. THESE FINDINGS DEMONSTRATE THAT RASGRF1 IS CLOSELY ASSOCIATED WITH EPILEPSY VIA THE ABERRANT METHYLATION OF RASGRF1, AND REGULATING THE METHYLATION STATUS OF RELEVANT GENES MIGHT BE AN INTRIGUING TOPIC IN FUTURE RESEARCH ON EPILEPSY.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
18  2300  32 EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF BDNF EXPRESSION IN THE PRIMARY SENSORY NEURONS AFTER PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY: IMPLICATIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN. BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) IS KNOWN TO BE UP-REGULATED IN THE DORSAL ROOT GANGLION (DRG) AFTER PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY, AND TO CONTRIBUTE TO NEUROPATHIC PAIN. HERE, WE FOUND THAT THERMAL HYPERALGESIA AND MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA AT DAY 7 POST-INJURY WERE INHIBITED ONLY WHEN ANTI-BDNF ANTIBODY WAS INTRATHECALLY ADMINISTRATED AT DAY 2 POST-INJURY. CONSISTENT WITH BEHAVIORAL RESULTS, WESTERN BLOT ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT THE EXPRESSION LEVELS OF BDNF PROTEIN IN THE SPINAL DORSAL HORN WERE MARKEDLY INDUCED DURING EARLY STAGE POST-INJURY. MOREOVER, THE MAXIMAL INCREASE IN BDNF MRNA EXPRESSION IN THE DRG WAS OBSERVED AT DAY 1 POST-INJURY, AND SIGNIFICANTLY ELEVATED LEVELS WERE SUSTAINED FOR AT LEAST 14 DAYS. FOUR OF FIVE BDNF MRNA TRANSCRIPTS WERE UP-REGULATED AFTER NERVE INJURY, AND THE MOST INDUCIBLE TRANSCRIPT WAS EXON I. USING A CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION (CHIP) ASSAY, WE FOUND THAT NERVE INJURY PROMOTES HISTONE H3 AND H4 ACETYLATION, TRANSCRIPTIONALLY ACTIVE MODIFICATIONS, AT BDNF PROMOTER I AT DAY 1 POST-INJURY, AND THE LEVELS OF HISTONE ACETYLATION REMAIN ELEVATED FOR AT LEAST 7 DAYS. TAKEN TOGETHER, OUR FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT AN INITIAL INCREASE IN BDNF EXON I EXPRESSION CONTROLLED BY EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS MIGHT HAVE A CRUCIAL ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
19  1827  52 EFFECTS OF HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF EPILEPSY AND PSYCHIATRIC COMORBIDITY IN WAG/RIJ RATS. EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS, SUCH AS ALTERATIONS IN HISTONE ACETYLATION BASED ON HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDACS) ACTIVITY, HAVE BEEN LINKED NOT ONLY TO NORMAL BRAIN FUNCTION BUT ALSO TO SEVERAL BRAIN DISORDERS INCLUDING EPILEPSY AND THE EPILEPTOGENIC PROCESS. IN WAG/RIJ RATS, A GENETIC MODEL OF ABSENCE EPILEPSY, EPILEPTOGENESIS AND MILD-DEPRESSION COMORBIDITY, WE INVESTIGATED THE EFFECTS OF TWO HDAC INHIBITORS (HDACI), NAMELY SODIUM BUTYRATE (NAB), VALPROIC ACID (VPA) AND THEIR CO-ADMINISTRATION, ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ABSENCE SEIZURES AND RELATED PSYCHIATRIC/NEUROLOGIC COMORBIDITIES FOLLOWING TWO DIFFERENT EXPERIMENTAL PARADIGMS. TREATMENT EFFECTS HAVE BEEN EVALUATED BY EEG RECORDINGS (EEG) AND BEHAVIOURAL TESTS AT DIFFERENT TIME POINTS. PROLONGED AND DAILY VPA AND NAB TREATMENT, STARTED BEFORE ABSENCE SEIZURE ONSET (P30), SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED THE DEVELOPMENT OF ABSENCE EPILEPSY SHOWING ANTIEPILEPTOGENIC EFFECTS. THESE EFFECTS WERE ENHANCED BY NAB/VPA CO-ADMINISTRATION. FURTHERMORE, EARLY-CHRONIC HDACI TREATMENT IMPROVED DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIOUR AND COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE 1 MONTH AFTER TREATMENT WITHDRAWAL. WAG/RIJ RATS OF 7 MONTHS OF AGE SHOWED REDUCED ACETYLATED LEVELS OF HISTONE H3 AND H4, ANALYSED BY WESTERN BLOTTING OF HOMOGENIZED BRAIN, IN COMPARISON TO WAG/RIJ BEFORE SEIZURE ONSET (P30). THE BRAIN HISTONE ACETYLATION INCREASED SIGNIFICANTLY DURING TREATMENT WITH NAB OR VPA ALONE AND MORE MARKEDLY DURING CO-ADMINISTRATION. WE ALSO OBSERVED DECREASED EXPRESSION OF BOTH HDAC1 AND 3 FOLLOWING HDACI TREATMENT COMPARED TO CONTROL GROUP. OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT HISTONE MODIFICATIONS MAY HAVE A CRUCIAL ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF EPILEPSY AND EARLY TREATMENT WITH HDACI MIGHT BE A POSSIBLE STRATEGY FOR PREVENTING EPILEPTOGENESIS ALSO AFFECTING BEHAVIOURAL COMORBIDITIES.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
20   893  35 CHRONIC ETHANOL EXPOSURE AND WITHDRAWAL IMPAIR SYNAPTIC GABA(A) RECEPTOR-MEDIATED NEUROTRANSMISSION IN DEEP-LAYER PREFRONTAL CORTEX. BACKGROUND: THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX (PFC) ACTS AS AN INTEGRATIVE HUB FOR THE PROCESSING OF CORTICAL AND SUBCORTICAL INPUT INTO MEANINGFUL EFFERENT SIGNALING, PERMITTING COMPLEX ASSOCIATIVE BEHAVIORS. PFC DYSFUNCTION IS CONSISTENTLY OBSERVED WITH ETHANOL (ETOH) DEPENDENCE AND IS A CORE COMPONENT OF THE PATHOLOGY OF ALCOHOL USE DISORDERS IN CURRENT MODELS OF ADDICTION. WHILE INTRACORTICAL GAMMA-AMINOBUTRYRIC ACID (GABA)ERGIC NEUROTRANSMISSION IS UNDERSTOOD TO BE ESSENTIAL FOR MAINTAINING COORDINATED NETWORK ACTIVITY WITHIN THE CORTEX, RELATIVELY LITTLE IS KNOWN REGARDING FUNCTIONAL GABAERGIC ADAPTATIONS IN PFC DURING ETOH DEPENDENCE. METHODS: IN THE PRESENT STUDY, MALE AND FEMALE (> POSTNATAL DAY 60) SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS WERE ADMINISTERED ETOH (5.0 G/KG; INTRAGASTRIC GAVAGE) FOR 14 TO 15 CONSECUTIVE DAYS. TWENTY-FOUR HOURS AFTER THE FINAL ADMINISTRATION, ANIMALS WERE SACRIFICED AND BRAINS EXTRACTED FOR ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL RECORDINGS OF ISOLATED GABA(A) RECEPTOR-MEDIATED CURRENTS OR ANALYSIS OF GABA(A) RECEPTOR SUBUNIT PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN DEEP-LAYER PFC NEURONS. RESULTS: CHRONIC ETOH EXPOSURE SIGNIFICANTLY ATTENUATED ACTIVITY-DEPENDENT SPONTANEOUS GABA(A) RECEPTOR-MEDIATED INHIBITORY POSTSYNAPTIC CURRENT (IPSC) FREQUENCY WITH NO EFFECT ON AMPLITUDE. FURTHERMORE, ANALYSIS OF IPSC DECAY KINETICS REVEALED A SIGNIFICANT ENHANCEMENT OF IPSC DECAY TIME THAT WAS ASSOCIATED WITH DECREMENTS IN EXPRESSION OF THE ALPHA1 GABA(A) RECEPTOR SUBUNIT, INDICATIVE OF FURTHER IMPAIRED PHASIC INHIBITION. THESE PHENOMENA OCCURRED IRRESPECTIVE OF NEURON PROJECTION DESTINATION AND SEX. BASED ON PREVIOUS OBSERVATIONS BY OUR LABORATORY OF AN EPIGENETIC MECHANISM FOR ETOH-INDUCED CHANGES IN CORTICAL GABA(A) RECEPTOR SUBUNIT EXPRESSION, THE HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR TRICHOSTATIN A WAS ADMINISTERED TO WATER- AND ETOH-EXPOSED ANIMALS, AND PREVENTED ETOH-INDUCED CHANGES IN SPONTANEOUS IPSC FREQUENCY, IPSC DECAY KINETICS, AND GABA(A) RECEPTOR SUBUNIT EXPRESSION. CONCLUSIONS: TAKEN TOGETHER, THESE RESULTS DEMONSTRATE THAT CHRONIC ETOH EXPOSURE IMPAIRS SYNAPTIC INHIBITORY NEUROTRANSMISSION IN DEEP-LAYER PYRAMIDAL NEURONS OF THE MEDIAL PFC IN BOTH MALE AND FEMALE RATS. THESE MALADAPTATIONS OCCUR IN NEURONS PROJECTING TO NUMEROUS REGIONS IMPLICATED IN THE SEQUELAE OF ETOH DEPENDENCE, OFFERING A MECHANISTIC LINK BETWEEN THE MANIFESTATION OF PFC DYSFUNCTION AND NEGATIVE AFFECTIVE STATES OBSERVED WITH EXTENDED CONSUMPTION.	2019