1  4003 95 LOSS OF PRMT7 REPROGRAMS GLYCINE METABOLISM TO SELECTIVELY ERADICATE LEUKEMIA STEM CELLS IN CML. OUR GROUP HAS REPORTED PREVIOUSLY ON THE ROLE OF VARIOUS MEMBERS OF THE PROTEIN ARGININE METHYLTRANSFERASE (PRMT) FAMILY, WHICH ARE INVOLVED IN EPIGENETIC REGULATION, IN THE PROGRESSION OF LEUKEMIA. HERE, WE EXPLORED THE ROLE OF PRMT7, GIVEN ITS UNIQUE FUNCTION WITHIN THE PRMT FAMILY, IN THE MAINTENANCE OF LEUKEMIA STEM CELLS (LSCS) IN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML). GENETIC LOSS OF PRMT7, AND THE DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF A SMALL-MOLECULE SPECIFIC INHIBITOR OF PRMT7, SHOWED THAT TARGETING PRMT7 DELAYED LEUKEMIA DEVELOPMENT AND IMPAIRED SELF-RENEWAL OF LSCS IN A CML MOUSE MODEL AND IN PRIMARY CML CD34(+) CELLS FROM HUMANS WITHOUT AFFECTING NORMAL HEMATOPOIESIS. MECHANISTICALLY, LOSS OF PRMT7 RESULTED IN REDUCED EXPRESSIONS OF GLYCINE DECARBOXYLASE, LEADING TO THE REPROGRAMING OF GLYCINE METABOLISM TO GENERATE METHYLGLYOXAL, WHICH IS DETRIMENTAL TO LSCS. THESE FINDINGS LINK HISTONE ARGININE METHYLATION WITH GLYCINE METABOLISM, WHILE SUGGESTING PRMT7 AS A POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGET FOR THE ERADICATION OF LSCS IN CML.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
2  5617 32 SARCOSINE SUPPRESSES EPILEPTOGENESIS IN RATS WITH EFFECTS ON HIPPOCAMPAL DNA METHYLATION. EPILEPTOGENESIS IS A COMMON CONSEQUENCE OF BRAIN INSULTS, HOWEVER, THE PREVENTION OR DELAY OF THE EPILEPTOGENIC PROCESS REMAINS AN IMPORTANT UNMET MEDICAL CHALLENGE. OVEREXPRESSION OF GLYCINE TRANSPORTER 1 (GLYT1) IS PROPOSED AS A PATHOLOGICAL HALLMARK IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS OF PATIENTS WITH TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY (TLE), AND WE PREVIOUSLY DEMONSTRATED IN RODENT EPILEPSY MODELS THAT AUGMENTATION OF GLYCINE SUPPRESSED CHRONIC SEIZURES AND ALTERED ACUTE SEIZURE THRESHOLDS. IN THE PRESENT STUDY WE EVALUATED THE EFFECT OF THE GLYT1 INHIBITOR, SARCOSINE (AKA N-METHYLGLYCINE), ON EPILEPTOGENESIS AND ALSO INVESTIGATED POSSIBLE MECHANISMS. WE DEVELOPED A MODIFIED RAPID KINDLING MODEL OF EPILEPTOGENESIS IN RATS COMBINED WITH SEIZURE SCORE MONITORING TO EVALUATE THE ANTIEPILEPTOGENIC EFFECT OF SARCOSINE. WE USED IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY AND WESTERN BLOT ANALYSIS FOR THE EVALUATION OF GLYT1 EXPRESSION AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES OF 5-METHYLCYTOSINE (5MC) AND 5-HYDROXYMETHYLCYTOSINE (5HMC) IN THE EPILEPTOGENIC HIPPOCAMPI OF RATS, AND FURTHER EVALUATED EXPRESSION CHANGES IN ENZYMES INVOLVED IN THE REGULATION OF DNA METHYLATION, TEN-ELEVEN TRANSLOCATION METHYLCYTOSINE DIOXYGENASE 1 (TET1), DNA-METHYLTRANSFERASE 1 (DNMT1), AND DNMT3A. OUR RESULTS DEMONSTRATED: (I) EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE THAT SARCOSINE (3 G/KG, I.P. DAILY) SUPPRESSED KINDLING EPILEPTOGENESIS IN RATS; (II) THE SARCOSINE-INDUCED ANTIEPILEPTOGENIC EFFECT WAS ACCOMPANIED BY A SUPPRESSED HIPPOCAMPAL GLYT1 EXPRESSION AS WELL AS A REDUCTION OF HIPPOCAMPAL 5MC LEVELS AND A CORRESPONDING INCREASE IN 5HMC; AND (III) SARCOSINE TREATMENT CAUSED DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION CHANGES OF TET1 AND DNMTS. TOGETHER, THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT SARCOSINE HAS UNPRECEDENTED DISEASE-MODIFYING PROPERTIES IN A KINDLING MODEL OF EPILEPTOGENESIS IN RATS, WHICH WAS ASSOCIATED WITH ALTERED HIPPOCAMPAL DNA METHYLATION. THUS, MANIPULATION OF THE GLYCINE SYSTEM IS A POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC APPROACH TO ATTENUATE THE DEVELOPMENT OF EPILEPSY.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
3  3361 37 HISTONE LYSINE DEMETHYLASE JMJD2D/KDM4D AND FAMILY MEMBERS MEDIATE EFFECTS OF CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS ON MOUSE HIPPOCAMPAL NEUROGENESIS AND MOOD DISORDERS. DEPRESSION, ANXIETY AND RELATED MOOD DISORDERS ARE MAJOR PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESSES WORLDWIDE, AND CHRONIC STRESS APPEARS TO BE ONE OF THE PRIMARY UNDERLYING CAUSES. THERAPEUTICS TO TREAT THESE DEBILITATING DISORDERS WITHOUT A RELAPSE ARE LIMITED DUE TO THE INCOMPLETE MOLECULAR UNDERSTANDING OF THEIR ETIOPATHOLOGY. IN ADDITION TO THE WELL-STUDIED GENETIC COMPONENT, RESEARCH IN THE PAST TWO DECADES HAS IMPLICATED DIVERSE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN MEDIATING THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF CHRONIC STRESSFUL EVENTS ON NEURAL CIRCUITS. THIS INCLUDES THE COGNITIVE CIRCUITRY, WHERE THE DYNAMIC HIPPOCAMPAL DENTATE GYRUS (DG) NEUROGENESIS GETS AFFECTED IN DEPRESSION AND RELATED AFFECTIVE DISORDERS. MOST OF THESE EPIGENETIC STUDIES HAVE FOCUSED ON THE IMPACT OF ACETYLATION/DEACETYLATION AND METHYLATION OF SEVERAL HISTONE LYSINE RESIDUES ON NEURAL GENE EXPRESSION. HOWEVER, THERE IS A DEARTH OF INVESTIGATION INTO THE ROLE OF DEMETHYLATION OF THESE LYSINE RESIDUES IN CHRONIC STRESS-INDUCED CHANGES IN NEUROGENESIS THAT RESULTS IN ALTERED BEHAVIOUR. HERE, USING THE CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS (CSDS) PARADIGM TO INDUCE DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY IN C57BL/6 MICE AND EX VIVO DG NEURAL STEM/PROGENITOR CELL (NSCS/NPCS) CULTURE WE SHOW THE ROLE OF THE MEMBERS OF THE JMJD2/KDM4 FAMILY OF HISTONE LYSINE DEMETHYLASES (KDMS) IN MEDIATING STRESS-INDUCED CHANGES IN DG NEUROGENESIS AND MOOD DISORDERS. THE STUDY SUGGESTS A CRITICAL ROLE OF JMJD2D IN DG NEUROGENESIS. ALTERED ENRICHMENT OF JMJD2D ON THE PROMOTERS OF ID2 (INHIBITOR OF DIFFERENTIATION 2) AND SOX2 (SRY-BOX TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 2) WAS OBSERVED DURING PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF NSCS/NPCS OBTAINED FROM THE DG. THIS WOULD AFFECT THE DEMETHYLATION OF REPRESSIVE EPIGENETIC MARK H3K9, THUS ACTIVATING OR REPRESSING THESE AND POSSIBLY OTHER GENES INVOLVED IN REGULATING PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF DG NSCS/NPCS. TREATMENT OF THE NSCS/NPCS CULTURE WITH DIMETHYLOXALLYL GLYCINE (DMOG), AN INHIBITOR OF JMJDS, LED TO ATTENUATION IN THEIR PROLIFERATION CAPACITY. ADDITIONALLY, SYSTEMIC ADMINISTRATION OF DMOG IN MICE FOR 10 DAYS INDUCED DEPRESSION-LIKE AND ANXIETY-LIKE PHENOTYPE WITHOUT ANY STRESS EXPOSURE.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                     
4  3955 24 LONG MARCH TOWARD SAFE AND EFFECTIVE ANALGESIA BY ENHANCING GENE EXPRESSION OF KCC2: FIRST STEPS TAKEN. LOW INTRANEURONAL CHLORIDE IN SPINAL CORD DORSAL HORN PAIN RELAY NEURONS IS CRITICAL FOR PHYSIOLOGIC TRANSMISSION OF PRIMARY PAIN AFFERENTS BECAUSE LOW INTRANEURONAL CHLORIDE DICTATES WHETHER GABA-ERGIC AND GLYCIN-ERGIC NEUROTRANSMISSION IS INHIBITORY. IF THE NEURONAL CHLORIDE ELEVATES TO PATHOLOGIC LEVELS, THEN SPINAL CORD PRIMARY PAIN RELAY BECOMES LEAKY AND EXHIBITS THE BEHAVIORAL HALLMARKS OF PATHOLOGIC PAIN, NAMELY HYPERSENSITIVITY AND ALLODYNIA. LOW CHLORIDE IN SPINAL CORD DORSAL HORN NEURONS IS MAINTAINED BY PROPER GENE EXPRESSION OF KCC2 AND SUSTAINED PHYSIOLOGIC FUNCTION OF THE KCC2 CHLORIDE EXTRUDING ELECTRONEUTRAL TRANSPORTER. PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY AND OTHER FORMS OF NEURAL INJURY EVOKE GREATLY DIMINISHED KCC2 GENE EXPRESSION AND SUBSEQUENT CORRUPTION OF INHIBITORY NEUROTRANSMISSION IN THE SPINAL CORD DORSAL HORN, THUS CAUSING DERAILMENT OF THE GATE FUNCTION FOR PAIN. HERE I REVIEW KEY DISCOVERIES THAT HAVE HELPED US UNDERSTAND THESE FUNDAMENTALS, AND FOCUS ON RECENT INSIGHTS RELATING TO THE DISCOVERY OF KCC2 GENE EXPRESSION ENHANCING COMPOUNDS VIA COMPOUND SCREENS IN NEURONS. ONE SUCH STUDY CHARACTERIZED THE KINASE INHIBITOR, KENPAULLONE, MORE IN-DEPTH, REVEALING ITS FUNCTION AS A ROBUST AND LONG-LASTING ANALGESIC IN PRECLINICAL MODELS OF NERVE INJURY AND CANCER BONE PAIN, ALSO ELUCIDATING ITS MECHANISM OF ACTION VIA GSK3BETA INHIBITION, DIMINISHING DELTA-CATENIN PHOSPHORYLATION, AND FACILITATING ITS NUCLEAR TRANSFER AND SUBSEQUENT ENHANCEMENT OF KCC2 GENE EXPRESSION BY DE-REPRESSING KAISO EPIGENETIC TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATOR. FUTURE DIRECTIONS RE KCC2 GENE EXPRESSION ENHANCEMENT ARE DISCUSSED, NAMELY COMBINATION WITH OTHER ANALGESICS AND ANALGESIC METHODS, SUCH AS SPINAL CORD STIMULATION AND ELECTROACUPUNCTURE, GENE THERAPY, AND LEVERAGING KCC2 GENE EXPRESSION-ENHANCING NANOMATERIALS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
5  6024 29 THE BIOCHEMISTRY AND EPIGENETICS OF EPILEPSY: FOCUS ON ADENOSINE AND GLYCINE. EPILEPSY, ONE OF THE MOST PREVALENT NEUROLOGICAL CONDITIONS, PRESENTS AS A COMPLEX DISORDER OF NETWORK HOMEOSTASIS CHARACTERIZED BY SPONTANEOUS NON-PROVOKED SEIZURES AND ASSOCIATED COMORBIDITIES. CURRENTLY USED ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS HAVE BEEN DESIGNED TO SUPPRESS NEURONAL HYPEREXCITABILITY AND THEREBY TO SUPPRESS EPILEPTIC SEIZURES. HOWEVER, THE CURRENT ARMAMENTARIUM OF ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS IS NOT EFFECTIVE IN OVER 30% OF PATIENTS, DOES NOT AFFECT THE COMORBIDITIES OF EPILEPSY, AND DOES NOT PREVENT THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION OF EPILEPSY (EPILEPTOGENESIS). PREVENTION OF EPILEPSY AND ITS PROGRESSION REMAINS THE HOLY GRAIL FOR EPILEPSY RESEARCH AND THERAPY DEVELOPMENT, REQUIRING NOVEL CONCEPTUAL ADVANCES TO FIND A SOLUTION TO THIS URGENT MEDICAL NEED. THE METHYLATION HYPOTHESIS OF EPILEPTOGENESIS SUGGESTS THAT CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION ARE IMPLICATED IN THE PROGRESSION OF THE DISEASE. IN PARTICULAR, GLOBAL DNA HYPERMETHYLATION APPEARS TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC EPILEPSY. CLINICAL AS WELL AS EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE DEMONSTRATES THAT EPILEPSY AND ITS PROGRESSION CAN BE PREVENTED BY BIOCHEMICAL MANIPULATIONS AND THOSE THAT TARGET PREVIOUSLY UNRECOGNIZED EPIGENETIC FUNCTIONS CONTRIBUTING TO EPILEPSY DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF THE EPILEPTIC STATE. THIS MINI-REVIEW WILL DISCUSS, EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IMPLICATED IN EPILEPTOGENESIS AND BIOCHEMICAL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN ADENOSINE AND GLYCINE AS A CONCEPTUAL ADVANCE TO UNDERSTAND THE CONTRIBUTION OF MALADAPTIVE CHANGES IN BIOCHEMISTRY AS A MAJOR CONTRIBUTING FACTOR TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF EPILEPSY. NEW FINDINGS BASED ON BIOCHEMICAL MANIPULATION OF THE DNA METHYLOME SUGGEST THAT: (I) EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS PLAY A FUNCTIONAL ROLE IN EPILEPTOGENESIS; AND (II) THERAPEUTIC RECONSTRUCTION OF THE EPIGENOME IS AN EFFECTIVE ANTIEPILEPTOGENIC THERAPY.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
6   579 29 BEHAVIORAL AND MOLECULAR NEUROEPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS IN PRENATALLY STRESSED MICE: RELEVANCE FOR THE STUDY OF CHROMATIN REMODELING PROPERTIES OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS. WE HAVE RECENTLY REPORTED THAT MICE BORN FROM DAMS STRESSED DURING PREGNANCY (PRS MICE), IN ADULTHOOD, HAVE BEHAVIORAL DEFICITS REMINISCENT OF BEHAVIORS OBSERVED IN SCHIZOPHRENIA (SZ) AND BIPOLAR (BP) DISORDER PATIENTS. FURTHERMORE, WE HAVE SHOWN THAT THE FRONTAL CORTEX (FC) AND HIPPOCAMPUS OF ADULT PRS MICE, LIKE THAT OF POSTMORTEM CHRONIC SZ PATIENTS, ARE CHARACTERIZED BY INCREASES IN DNA-METHYLTRANSFERASE 1 (DNMT1), TEN-ELEVEN METHYLCYTOSINE DIOXYGENASE 1 (TET1) AND EXHIBIT AN ENRICHMENT OF 5-METHYLCYTOSINE (5MC) AND 5-HYDROXYMETHYLCYTOSINE (5HMC) AT NEOCORTICAL GABAERGIC AND GLUTAMATERGIC GENE PROMOTERS. HERE, WE SHOW THAT THE BEHAVIORAL DEFICITS AND THE INCREASED 5MC AND 5HMC AT GLUTAMIC ACID DECARBOXYLASE 67 (GAD1), REELIN (RELN) AND BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) PROMOTERS AND THE REDUCED EXPRESSION OF THE MESSENGER RNAS (MRNAS) AND PROTEINS CORRESPONDING TO THESE GENES IN FC OF ADULT PRS MICE IS REVERSED BY TREATMENT WITH CLOZAPINE (5 MG KG(-1) TWICE A DAY FOR 5 DAYS) BUT NOT BY HALOPERIDOL (1 MG KG(-1) TWICE A DAY FOR 5 DAYS). INTERESTINGLY, CLOZAPINE HAD NO EFFECT ON EITHER THE BEHAVIOR, PROMOTER METHYLATION OR THE EXPRESSION OF THESE MRNAS AND PROTEINS WHEN ADMINISTERED TO OFFSPRING OF NONSTRESSED PREGNANT MICE. CLOZAPINE, BUT NOT HALOPERIDOL, REDUCED THE ELEVATED LEVELS OF DNMT1 AND TET1, AS WELL AS THE ELEVATED LEVELS OF DNMT1 BINDING TO GAD1, RELN AND BDNF PROMOTERS IN PRS MICE SUGGESTING THAT CLOZAPINE, UNLIKE HALOPERIDOL, MAY LIMIT DNA METHYLATION BY INTERFERING WITH DNA METHYLATION DYNAMICS. WE CONCLUDE THAT THE PRS MOUSE MODEL MAY BE USEFUL PRECLINICALLY IN SCREENING FOR THE POTENTIAL EFFICACY OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS ACTING ON ALTERED EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. FURTHERMORE, PRS MICE MAY BE INVALUABLE FOR UNDERSTANDING THE ETIOPATHOGENESIS OF SZ AND BP DISORDER AND FOR PREDICTING TREATMENT RESPONSES AT EARLY STAGES OF THE ILLNESS ALLOWING FOR EARLY DETECTION AND REMEDIAL INTERVENTION.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
7   863 29 CHROMODOMAIN Y-LIKE PROTEIN-MEDIATED HISTONE CROTONYLATION REGULATES STRESS-INDUCED DEPRESSIVE BEHAVIORS. BACKGROUND: MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER IS A PREVALENT AND LIFE-THREATENING ILLNESS IN MODERN SOCIETY. THE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER IS PROFOUNDLY INFLUENCED BY ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, SUCH AS STRESSFUL LIFESTYLE OR TRAUMATIC EVENTS, WHICH COULD IMPOSE MALADAPTIVE TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROGRAM THROUGH EPIGENETIC REGULATION. HOWEVER, THE UNDERLYING MOLECULAR MECHANISMS REMAIN ELUSIVE. HERE, WE EXAMINED THE ROLE OF HISTONE CROTONYLATION, A NOVEL TYPE OF HISTONE MODIFICATION, AND CHROMODOMAIN Y-LIKE PROTEIN (CDYL), A CROTONYL-COENZYME A HYDRATASE AND HISTONE METHYLLYSINE READER, IN THIS PROCESS. METHODS: WE USED CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS AND MICRODEFEAT STRESS TO EXAMINE THE DEPRESSIVE BEHAVIORS. IN ADDITION, WE COMBINED PROCEDURES THAT DIAGNOSE BEHAVIORAL STRATEGY IN MALE MICE WITH HISTONE EXTRACTION, VIRAL-MEDIATED CDYL MANIPULATIONS, RNA SEQUENCING, CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION, WESTERN BLOT, AND MESSENGER RNA QUANTIFICATION. RESULTS: THE RESULTS INDICATE THAT STRESS-SUSCEPTIBLE RODENTS EXHIBIT LOWER LEVELS OF HISTONE CROTONYLATION IN THE MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX CONCURRENT WITH SELECTIVE UPREGULATION OF CDYL. OVEREXPRESSION OF CDYL IN THE PRELIMBIC CORTEX, A SUBREGION OF THE MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX, INCREASES MICRODEFEAT-INDUCED SOCIAL AVOIDANCE BEHAVIORS AND ANHEDONIA IN MICE. CONVERSELY, KNOCKDOWN OF CDYL IN THE PRELIMBIC CORTEX PREVENTS CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS-INDUCED DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS. MECHANISTICALLY, WE SHOW THAT CDYL INHIBITS STRUCTURAL SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY MAINLY BY TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSION OF NEUROPEPTIDE VGF NERVE GROWTH FACTOR INDUCIBLE, AND THIS ACTIVITY IS DEPENDENT ON ITS DUAL EFFECT ON HISTONE CROTONYLATION AND H3K27 TRIMETHYLATION ON THE VGF PROMOTER. CONCLUSIONS: OUR RESULTS DEMONSTRATE THAT CDYL-MEDIATED HISTONE CROTONYLATION PLAYS A CRITICAL ROLE IN REGULATING STRESS-INDUCED DEPRESSION, PROVIDING A POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGET FOR MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
8  1856 29 ELEVATION OF N-ACETYLTRANSFERASE 10 IN HIPPOCAMPAL NEURONS MEDIATES DEPRESSION- AND ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIORS. MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER (MDD) IS ONE OF THE MOST DEBILITATING AND SEVERE MENTAL DISEASES GLOBALLY. INCREASING EVIDENCE HAS SHOWN THAT EPIGENETICS IS CRITICAL FOR UNDERSTANDING BRAIN FUNCTION AND BRAIN DISORDERS, INCLUDING MDD. N-ACETYLTRANSFERASE 10 (NAT10), ACTING ON HISTONES, MRNA AND OTHER SUBSTRATES, HAS BEEN REPORTED TO BE INVOLVED IN EPIGENETIC EVENTS, INCLUDING HISTONE ACETYLATION AND MRNA MODIFICATIONS. NAT10 IS HIGHLY EXPRESSED IN THE BRAIN. HOWEVER, THE POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF NAT10 ON MDD ARE STILL UNKNOWN. HERE, WE EXPLOITED CHRONIC MILD STRESS (CMS) TO INDUCE ANXIETY- AND DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS IN MICE AND FOUND THAT THE EXPRESSION OF NAT10 IN THE MOUSE HIPPOCAMPUS WAS UPREGULATED AFTER CMS TREATMENT. INHIBITION OF NAT10 BY PHARMACOLOGICAL METHODS PRODUCED ANXIOLYTIC- AND ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE EFFECTS. NEURON-SPECIFIC OVEREXPRESSION OF NAT10 IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS RESULTED IN ANXIETY- AND DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS, ACCOMPANIED BY HIGHER SIRT1 PROTEIN LEVELS, AND LOWER DENDRITIC SPINE DENSITIES. OVERALL, IT WAS FOUND THAT ELEVATION OF NAT10 IN HIPPOCAMPAL NEURONS IS INVOLVED IN THE OCCURRENCE OF ANXIETY- AND DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS, SUGGESTING THAT NAT10 COULD BE A POTENTIAL NEW TARGET FOR DEVELOPING ANXIOLYTICS AND ANTIDEPRESSANTS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
9  2116 33 EPIGENETIC HISTONE DEACETYLATION INHIBITION PREVENTS THE DEVELOPMENT AND PERSISTENCE OF TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY. EPILEPSY IS A CHRONIC BRAIN DISEASE CHARACTERIZED BY REPEATED UNPROVOKED SEIZURES. CURRENTLY, NO DRUG THERAPY EXISTS FOR CURING EPILEPSY OR DISEASE MODIFICATION IN PEOPLE AT RISK. DESPITE SEVERAL EMERGING MECHANISMS, THERE HAVE BEEN FEW STUDIES OF EPIGENETIC SIGNALING IN EPILEPTOGENESIS, THE PROCESS WHEREBY A NORMAL BRAIN BECOMES PROGRESSIVELY EPILEPTIC BECAUSE OF PRECIPITATING FACTORS. HERE, WE REPORT A NOVEL ROLE OF HISTONE DEACETYLATION AS A CRITICAL EPIGENETIC MECHANISM IN EPILEPTOGENESIS. EXPERIMENTS WERE CONDUCTED USING THE HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC) INHIBITOR SODIUM BUTYRATE IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS KINDLING MODEL OF TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY (TLE), A CLASSIC MODEL HEAVILY USED TO APPROVE DRUGS FOR TREATMENT OF EPILEPSY. DAILY TREATMENT WITH BUTYRATE SIGNIFICANTLY INHIBITED HDAC ACTIVITY AND RETARDED THE DEVELOPMENT OF LIMBIC EPILEPTOGENESIS WITHOUT AFFECTING AFTER-DISCHARGE SIGNAL. HDAC INHIBITION MARKEDLY IMPAIRED THE PERSISTENCE OF SEIZURE EXPRESSION MANY WEEKS AFTER EPILEPSY DEVELOPMENT. MOREOVER, SUBCHRONIC HDAC INHIBITION FOR 2 WEEKS RESULTED IN A STRIKING RETARDATION OF EPILEPTOGENESIS. HDAC INHIBITION, UNEXPECTEDLY, ALSO SHOWED ERASURE OF THE EPILEPTOGENIC STATE IN EPILEPTIC ANIMALS. FINALLY, BUTYRATE-TREATED ANIMALS EXHIBITED A POWERFUL REDUCTION IN MOSSY FIBER SPROUTING, A MORPHOLOGIC INDEX OF EPILEPTOGENESIS. TOGETHER THESE RESULTS UNDERSCORE THAT HDAC INHIBITION PREVENTS THE DEVELOPMENT OF TLE, INDICATING HDAC'S CRITICAL SIGNALING ROLE IN EPILEPTOGENESIS. THESE FINDINGS, THEREFORE, ENVISAGE A UNIQUE NOVEL THERAPY FOR PREVENTING OR CURING EPILEPSY BY TARGETING THE EPIGENETIC HDAC PATHWAY.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
10  4788 33 NUTRITION, EPIGENETICS, AND METABOLIC SYNDROME. SIGNIFICANCE: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND ANIMAL STUDIES HAVE DEMONSTRATED A CLOSE LINK BETWEEN MATERNAL NUTRITION AND CHRONIC METABOLIC DISEASE IN CHILDREN AND ADULTS. COMPELLING EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS ALSO INDICATE THAT ADVERSE EFFECTS OF INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION ON OFFSPRING CAN BE CARRIED FORWARD TO SUBSEQUENT GENERATIONS THROUGH COVALENT MODIFICATIONS OF DNA AND CORE HISTONES. RECENT ADVANCES: DNA METHYLATION IS CATALYZED BY S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE-DEPENDENT DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES. METHYLATION, DEMETHYLATION, ACETYLATION, AND DEACETYLATION OF HISTONE PROTEINS ARE PERFORMED BY HISTONE METHYLTRANSFERASE, HISTONE DEMETHYLASE, HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE, AND HISTONE DEACETYLTRANSFERASE, RESPECTIVELY. HISTONE ACTIVITIES ARE ALSO INFLUENCED BY PHOSPHORYLATION, UBIQUITINATION, ADP-RIBOSYLATION, SUMOYLATION, AND GLYCOSYLATION. METABOLISM OF AMINO ACIDS (GLYCINE, HISTIDINE, METHIONINE, AND SERINE) AND VITAMINS (B6, B12, AND FOLATE) PLAYS A KEY ROLE IN PROVISION OF METHYL DONORS FOR DNA AND PROTEIN METHYLATION. CRITICAL ISSUES: DISRUPTION OF EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS CAN RESULT IN OXIDATIVE STRESS, OBESITY, INSULIN RESISTANCE, DIABETES, AND VASCULAR DYSFUNCTION IN ANIMALS AND HUMANS. DESPITE A RECOGNIZED ROLE FOR EPIGENETICS IN FETAL PROGRAMMING OF METABOLIC SYNDROME, RESEARCH ON THERAPIES IS STILL IN ITS INFANCY. POSSIBLE INTERVENTIONS INCLUDE: 1) INHIBITION OF DNA METHYLATION, HISTONE DEACETYLATION, AND MICRORNA EXPRESSION; 2) TARGETING EPIGENETICALLY DISTURBED METABOLIC PATHWAYS; AND 3) DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION WITH FUNCTIONAL AMINO ACIDS, VITAMINS, AND PHYTOCHEMICALS. FUTURE DIRECTIONS: MUCH WORK IS NEEDED WITH ANIMAL MODELS TO UNDERSTAND THE BASIC MECHANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE ROLES OF SPECIFIC NUTRIENTS IN FETAL AND NEONATAL PROGRAMMING. SUCH NEW KNOWLEDGE IS CRUCIAL TO DESIGN EFFECTIVE THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES FOR PREVENTING AND TREATING METABOLIC ABNORMALITIES IN OFFSPRING BORN TO MOTHERS WITH A PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE OF MALNUTRITION.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
11  2826 28 FLUOXETINE EPIGENETICALLY ALTERS THE CAMKIIALPHA PROMOTER IN NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS TO REGULATE DELTAFOSB BINDING AND ANTIDEPRESSANT EFFECTS. CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS IN MICE PRODUCES A SUSCEPTIBLE PHENOTYPE CHARACTERIZED BY SEVERAL BEHAVIORAL ABNORMALITIES CONSISTENT WITH HUMAN DEPRESSION THAT ARE REVERSED BY CHRONIC BUT NOT ACUTE EXPOSURE TO ANTIDEPRESSANT MEDICATIONS. RECENT WORK IN ADDICTION MODELS DEMONSTRATES THAT THE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR DELTAFOSB AND PROTEIN KINASE CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE II (CAMKII) ARE CO-REGULATED IN NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS (NAC), A BRAIN REWARD REGION IMPLICATED IN BOTH ADDICTION AND DEPRESSION MODELS INCLUDING SOCIAL DEFEAT. PREVIOUS WORK HAS ALSO DEMONSTRATED THAT DELTAFOSB IS INDUCED IN NAC AFTER CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS OR AFTER CHRONIC ANTIDEPRESSANT TREATMENT, WHEREIN IT MEDIATES A PRO-RESILIENCE OR ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE PHENOTYPE. HERE, USING CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ASSAYS, WE FOUND THAT DELTAFOSB BINDS THE CAMKIIALPHA GENE PROMOTER IN NAC AND THAT THIS BINDING INCREASES AFTER MICE ARE EXPOSED TO CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS. PARADOXICALLY, CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO THE ANTIDEPRESSANT FLUOXETINE REDUCES BINDING OF DELTAFOSB TO THE CAMKIIALPHA PROMOTER AND REDUCES CAMKII EXPRESSION IN NAC, DESPITE THE FACT THAT DELTAFOSB IS INDUCED UNDER THESE CONDITIONS. THESE DATA SUGGEST A NOVEL EPIGENETIC MECHANISM OF ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTION, WHEREBY FLUOXETINE INDUCES SOME CHROMATIN CHANGE AT THE CAMKIIALPHA PROMOTER, WHICH BLOCKS THE DELTAFOSB BINDING. INDEED, CHRONIC FLUOXETINE REDUCES ACETYLATION AND INCREASES LYSINE-9 DIMETHYLATION OF HISTONE H3 AT THE CAMKIIALPHA PROMOTER IN NAC, EFFECTS ALSO SEEN IN DEPRESSED HUMANS EXPOSED TO ANTIDEPRESSANTS. OVEREXPRESSION OF CAMKII IN NAC BLOCKS FLUOXETINE'S ANTIDEPRESSANT EFFECTS IN THE CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT PARADIGM, WHEREAS INHIBITION OF CAMKII ACTIVITY IN NAC MIMICS FLUOXETINE EXPOSURE. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT EPIGENETIC SUPPRESSION OF CAMKIIALPHA EXPRESSION IN NAC IS BEHAVIORALLY RELEVANT AND OFFER A NOVEL PATHWAY FOR POSSIBLE THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION IN DEPRESSION AND RELATED SYNDROMES.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
12  5974 28 TET1 IN NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS OPPOSES DEPRESSION- AND ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIORS. DEPRESSION IS A LEADING CAUSE OF DISEASE BURDEN, YET CURRENT THERAPIES FULLY TREAT <50% OF AFFECTED INDIVIDUALS. INCREASING EVIDENCE IMPLICATES EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN DEPRESSION AND ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTION. HERE WE EXAMINED A POSSIBLE ROLE FOR THE DNA DIOXYGENASE, TEN-ELEVEN TRANSLOCATION PROTEIN 1 (TET1), IN DEPRESSION-RELATED BEHAVIORAL ABNORMALITIES. WE APPLIED CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS, AN ETHOLOGICALLY VALIDATED MOUSE MODEL OF DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS, AND EXAMINED TET1 EXPRESSION CHANGES IN NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS (NAC), A KEY BRAIN REWARD REGION. WE SHOW DECREASED TET1 EXPRESSION IN NAC IN STRESS-SUSCEPTIBLE MICE ONLY. SURPRISINGLY, SELECTIVE KNOCKOUT OF TET1 IN NAC NEURONS OF ADULT MICE PRODUCED ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE EFFECTS IN SEVERAL BEHAVIORAL ASSAYS. TO IDENTIFY TET1 TARGETS THAT MEDIATE THESE ACTIONS, WE PERFORMED RNASEQ ON NAC AFTER CONDITIONAL DELETION OF TET1 AND FOUND THAT IMMUNE-RELATED GENES ARE THE MOST HIGHLY DYSREGULATED. MOREOVER, MANY OF THESE GENES ARE ALSO UPREGULATED IN THE NAC OF RESILIENT MICE AFTER CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS. THESE FINDINGS REVEAL A NOVEL ROLE FOR TET1, AN ENZYME IMPORTANT FOR DNA HYDROXYMETHYLATION, IN THE BRAIN'S REWARD CIRCUITRY IN MODULATING STRESS RESPONSES IN MICE. WE ALSO IDENTIFY A SUBSET OF GENES THAT ARE REGULATED BY TET1 IN THIS CIRCUITRY. THESE FINDINGS PROVIDE NEW INSIGHT INTO THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DEPRESSION, WHICH CAN AID IN FUTURE ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUG DISCOVERY EFFORTS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
13  3971 31 LONG-LASTING NEUROTOXIC EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE TO METHYLMERCURY DURING DEVELOPMENT. AMONGST ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS, METHYLMERCURY (MEHG) REMAINS A MAJOR CONCERN BECAUSE OF ITS DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS ON DEVELOPING ORGANISMS, WHICH APPEAR TO BE PARTICULARLY SUSCEPTIBLE TO ITS TOXICITY. HERE, WE INVESTIGATED THE EFFECTS OF LOW MEHG LEVELS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM USING BOTH IN VITRO AND IN VIVO EXPERIMENTAL MODELS. IN NEURAL STEM CELLS (NSCS), MEHG DECREASED PROLIFERATION AND NEURONAL DIFFERENTIATION AND INDUCED CELLULAR SENESCENCE ASSOCIATED WITH IMPAIRMENT IN MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION AND A CONCOMITANT DECREASE IN GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION. INTERESTINGLY, THE EFFECTS WERE HERITABLE AND COULD BE OBSERVED IN DAUGHTER NSCS NEVER DIRECTLY EXPOSED TO MEHG. BY CHRONICALLY EXPOSING PREGNANT/LACTATING MICE TO MEHG, WE FOUND PERSISTENT BEHAVIOURAL CHANGES IN THE MALE OFFSPRING, WHICH EXHIBITED DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIOUR THAT COULD BE REVERSED BY CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH THE ANTIDEPRESSANT FLUOXETINE. THE BEHAVIOURAL ALTERATIONS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH A DECREASED NUMBER OF PROLIFERATING CELLS AND LOWER EXPRESSION OF BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) MRNA IN THE HIPPOCAMPAL DENTATE GYRUS. MEHG EXPOSURE ALSO INDUCED LONG-LASTING DNA HYPERMETHYLATION, INCREASED HISTONE H3-K27 TRI-METHYLATION AND DECREASED H3 ACETYLATION AT THE BDNF PROMOTER IV, INDICATING THAT EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS PLAY A CRITICAL ROLE IN MEDIATING THE LONG-LASTING EFFECTS OF PERINATAL EXPOSURE TO MEHG. FLUOXETINE TREATMENT RESTORED THE BDNF MRNA EXPRESSION LEVELS, AS WELL AS THE NUMBER OF PROLIFERATING CELLS IN THE GRANULE CELL LAYER OF THE DENTATE GYRUS, WHICH FURTHER SUPPORTS THE HYPOTHESIS THAT LINKS DEPRESSION TO IMPAIRED NEUROGENESIS. ALTOGETHER, OUR FINDINGS HAVE SHOWN THAT LOW CONCENTRATIONS OF MEHG INDUCE LONG-LASTING EFFECTS IN NSCS THAT CAN POTENTIALLY PREDISPOSE INDIVIDUALS TO DEPRESSION, WHICH WE HAVE REPORTED EARLIER TO OCCUR IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS EXPOSED TO MEHG DURING PRENATAL AND EARLY POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
14  5497 27 REVIEW: ANIMAL MODELS OF ACQUIRED EPILEPSY: INSIGHTS INTO MECHANISMS OF HUMAN EPILEPTOGENESIS. IN MANY PATIENTS WHO SUFFER FROM EPILEPSIES, RECURRENT EPILEPTIC SEIZURES DO NOT START AT BIRTH BUT DEVELOP LATER IN LIFE. THIS HOLDS PARTICULARLY TRUE FOR EPILEPSIES WITH A FOCAL SEIZURE ORIGIN INCLUDING FOCAL CORTICAL DYSPLASIAS AND TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY (TLE). TLE MOST FREQUENTLY HAS ITS SEIZURE ONSET IN THE HIPPOCAMPAL FORMATION. HIPPOCAMPAL BIOPSIES OF PHARMACORESISTANT TLE PATIENTS UNDERGOING EPILEPSY SURGERY FOR SEIZURE CONTROL MOST FREQUENTLY REVEAL THE DAMAGE PATTERN OF HIPPOCAMPAL SCLEROSIS, THAT IS, SEGMENTAL NEURONAL CELL LOSS AND CONCOMITANT ASTROGLIOSIS. MANY TLE PATIENTS REPORT ON TRANSIENT BRAIN INSULTS EARLY IN LIFE, WHICH IS FOLLOWED BY A 'LATENCY' PERIOD LACKING SEIZURE ACTIVITY OF MONTHS OR EVEN YEARS BEFORE CHRONIC RECURRENT SEIZURES START. THE PLETHORA OF STRUCTURAL AND CELLULAR MECHANISMS THAT CONVERT THE HIPPOCAMPAL FORMATION TO BECOME CHRONICALLY HYPEREXCITABLE AFTER A TRANSIENT INSULT TO THE BRAIN ARE SUMMARIZED UNDER THE TERM EPILEPTOGENESIS. IN CONTRAST TO THE OBSTACLES ARISING FOR EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF EPILEPTOGENESIS ASPECTS IN HUMAN SURGICAL HIPPOCAMPAL TISSUE, RECENT ANIMAL MODEL APPROACHES ALLOW INSIGHTS INTO MECHANISMS OF EPILEPTOGENESIS. RELEVANT MODELS OF TRANSIENT BRAIN INSULTS IN THIS CONTEXT COMPRISE SEVERAL DISTINCT TYPES OF LESIONS INCLUDING EXCITOXIC STATUS EPILEPTICUS (SE), ELECTRICAL SEIZURE INDUCTION, TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY, INDUCTION OF INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES BY HYPERTHERMIA AND VIRAL INFLAMMATION AND OTHERS. IN PATHOGENETIC TERMS, ABERRANT TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING, ACQUIRED CHANNEL- AND SYNAPTOPATHIES, NEURONAL NETWORK AND BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER DYSFUNCTION AS WELL AS INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY-MEDIATED DAMAGE PLAY MAJOR ROLES. IN SUBSEQUENT STEPS, RESPECTIVE ANIMAL MODELS HAVE BEEN USED IN ORDER TO TEST WHETHER THIS DYNAMIC PROCESS CAN BE EITHER RETARDED OR EVEN ABOLISHED BY INTERFERING WITH EPILEPTOGENIC MECHANISMS. WELL-CONTROLLED SUBSEQUENT ANALYSES OF EPILEPTOGENIC CASCADES CHARACTERIZED IN ANIMAL MODELS USING CAREFULLY STRATIFIED HUMAN HIPPOCAMPAL BIOPSIES TO EXPLOIT THE UNIQUE OPPORTUNITIES GIVEN BY THESE RARE AND PRECIOUS BRAIN TISSUE SAMPLES AIM TO TRANSLATE INTO NOVEL ANTIEPILEPTOGENIC APPROACHES. RESPECTIVE PRECLINICAL TESTS CAN OPEN ENTIRELY NEW PERSPECTIVES FOR TAILOR-MADE TREATMENTS IN PATIENTS WITH THE POTENTIAL TO AVOID THE EMERGENCE OF CHRONIC FOCAL SEIZURE EVENTS.	2018	

15  4069 21 MATERNAL CHRONIC FOLATE SUPPLEMENTATION AMELIORATES BEHAVIOR DISORDERS INDUCED BY PRENATAL HIGH-FAT DIET THROUGH METHYLATION ALTERATION OF BDNF AND GRIN2B IN OFFSPRING HIPPOCAMPUS. SCOPE: MATERNAL CONSUMPTION OF A HIGH-FAT DIET (HFD) DURING PREGNANCY INCREASES THE RISK OF BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS. FOLATE PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN NEUROPLASTICITY AND THE PRESERVATION OF NEURONAL INTEGRITY. THIS STUDY AIMS AT DETERMINING THE INFLUENCE OF DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH FOLATE ON OFFSPRING BEHAVIOR, AND THE MECHANISMS INVOLVED. METHODS AND RESULTS: FEMALE MICE WERE FED A CONTROL DIET, AN HFD, CONTROL DIET SUPPLEMENTED WITH FOLATE, OR AN HFD SUPPLEMENTED WITH FOLATE FOR 5 WEEKS BEFORE MATING. OPEN FIELD TASK AND ELEVATED PLUS MAZE ARE USED TO EVALUATE THE OFFSPRING BEHAVIORS. RESULTS SHOWED THAT OFFSPRING COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE AND ANXIETY-RELATED BEHAVIORS, INCLUDING THOSE RELATED TO OPEN FIELD EXPLORATION AND ELEVATED PLUS MAZE, WERE SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVED WHEN DAMS WERE TREATED WITH FOLATE IN PREGNANCY. MOREOVER, THE MATERNAL FOLATE SUPPLEMENT DECREASED BDNF AND GRIN2B METHYLATION AND UPREGULATED THEIR EXPRESSIONS IN THE BRAIN OF OFFSPRING, WHICH WERE ASSOCIATED WITH DECREASING THE EXPRESSION OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES COMPARED WITH THOSE DAMS WERE TREATED ONLY HFD IN PREGNANCY. CONCLUSION: MATERNAL FOLATE SUPPLEMENTATION AMELIORATES BEHAVIOR DISORDERS INDUCED BY PRENATAL HIGH-FAT DIET. THE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH METHYLATION AND EXPRESSION ALTERATION OF BDNF AND GRIN2B GENES.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
16  3363 34 HISTONE LYSINE DEMETHYLASES OF JMJD2 OR KDM4 FAMILY ARE IMPORTANT EPIGENETIC REGULATORS IN REWARD CIRCUITRY IN THE ETIOPATHOLOGY OF DEPRESSION. MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER (MDD) IS DEBILITATING MENTAL ILLNESS AND IS ONE OF THE LEADING CONTRIBUTORS TO GLOBAL BURDEN OF DISEASE, BUT UNFORTUNATELY NEWER AND BETTER DRUGS ARE NOT FORTHCOMING. THE REASON IS LACK OF COMPLETE UNDERSTANDING OF MOLECULAR MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THIS DISORDER. RECENT RESEARCH SHOWS DYSREGULATION IN EPIGENETIC REGULATORY MECHANISMS, PARTICULARLY THE TRANSCRIPTIONALLY REPRESSIVE DI- AND TRI-METHYLATION OF HISTONE 3 LYSINE 9 (H3K9ME2/ME3) IN NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS (NAC), A CRITICAL REGION OF THE REWARD PATHWAY INVOLVED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANHEDONIA, THE HALLMARK OF DEPRESSION. HOWEVER, THE ROLE OF HISTONE LYSINE DEMETHYLASES, WHICH CAN REMOVE METHYLATION FROM H3K9, IN PARTICULAR JUMONJI DOMAIN CONTAINING DEMETHYLASES 2 OR JMJD2 FAMILY, HAS NOT BEEN STUDIED. USING SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS-INDUCED MOUSE MODEL OF DEPRESSION, THIS STUDY UNCOVERED THAT TRANSCRIPTS OF MOST OF THE JMJD2 MEMBERS WERE UNCHANGED AFTER 5 DAYS OF DEFEAT DURING THE ONSET OF DEPRESSION, BUT WERE DOWNREGULATED AFTER 10 DAYS OF DEFEAT IN FULL-BLOWN DEPRESSION. BLOCKING THE JUMONJI DOMAIN CONTAINING DEMETHYLASES BY CHRONIC ADMINISTRATION OF INHIBITORS DIMETHYLOXALYLGLYCINE (DMOG) AND ML324 RESULTED IN DEPRESSION-LIKE PHENOTYPE EVEN IN ABSENCE OF STRESS EXPOSURE, WHICH WAS ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASE IN TRANSCRIPTIONALLY REPRESSIVE EPIGENETIC MARKS H3K9ME2/ME3 IN NAC, CAUSING ALTERED NEUROPLASTIC CHANGES AS REPORTED IN NAC IN DEPRESSION MODELS. THUS, WE REPORT FOR THE FIRST TIME THAT JMJD2 CLASS DEMETHYLASES ARE CRITICAL EPIGENETIC REGULATORS INVOLVED IN ETIOPATHOLOGY OF DEPRESSION AND RELATED DISORDERS AND ACTIVATION OF THESE DEMETHYLASES CAN BE A GOOD STRATEGY IN THE TREATMENT OF MDD AND RELATED PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
17   881 28 CHRONIC CLOZAPINE TREATMENT RESTRAINS VIA HDAC2 THE PERFORMANCE OF MGLU2 RECEPTOR AGONISM IN A RODENT MODEL OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC ACTIVITY. PRECLINICAL FINDINGS IN RODENT MODELS POINTED TOWARD ACTIVATION OF METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE 2/3 (MGLU2/3) RECEPTORS AS A NEW PHARMACOLOGICAL APPROACH TO TREAT PSYCHOSIS. HOWEVER, MORE RECENT STUDIES FAILED TO SHOW CLINICAL EFFICACY OF MGLU2/3 RECEPTOR AGONISM IN SCHIZOPHRENIA PATIENTS. WE PREVIOUSLY PROPOSED THAT LONG-TERM ANTIPSYCHOTIC MEDICATION RESTRICTED THE THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF THESE GLUTAMATERGIC AGENTS. HOWEVER, LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT THE MOLECULAR MECHANISM UNDERLYING THE POTENTIAL REPERCUSSION OF PREVIOUS ANTIPSYCHOTIC EXPOSURE ON THE THERAPEUTIC PERFORMANCE OF MGLU2/3 RECEPTOR AGONISTS. HERE WE SHOW THAT THIS MALADAPTIVE EFFECT OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC TREATMENT IS MEDIATED MOSTLY VIA HISTONE DEACETYLASE 2 (HDAC2). CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH THE ANTIPSYCHOTIC CLOZAPINE LED TO A DECREASE IN MOUSE FRONTAL CORTEX MGLU2 MRNA, AN EFFECT THAT REQUIRED EXPRESSION OF BOTH HDAC2 AND THE SEROTONIN 5-HT(2A) RECEPTOR. THIS TRANSCRIPTIONAL ALTERATION OCCURRED IN ASSOCIATION WITH HDAC2-DEPENDENT REPRESSIVE HISTONE MODIFICATIONS AT THE MGLU2 PROMOTER. WE FOUND THAT CHRONIC CLOZAPINE TREATMENT DECREASED VIA HDAC2 THE CAPABILITIES OF THE MGLU2/3 RECEPTOR AGONIST LY379268 TO ACTIVATE G-PROTEINS IN THE FRONTAL CORTEX OF MICE. CHRONIC CLOZAPINE TREATMENT BLUNTED THE ANTIPSYCHOTIC-RELATED BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS OF LY379268, AN EFFECT THAT WAS NOT OBSERVED IN HDAC2 KNOCKOUT MICE. MORE IMPORTANTLY, CO-ADMINISTRATION OF THE CLASS I AND II HDAC INHIBITOR SAHA (VORINOSTAT) PRESERVED THE ANTIPSYCHOTIC PROFILE OF LY379268 AND FRONTAL CORTEX MGLU2/3 RECEPTOR DENSITY IN WILD-TYPE MICE. THESE FINDINGS RAISE CONCERNS ON THE DESIGN OF PREVIOUS CLINICAL STUDIES WITH MGLU2/3 AGONISTS, PROVIDING THE RATIONALE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF HDAC2 INHIBITORS AS A NEW EPIGENETIC-BASED APPROACH TO IMPROVE THE CURRENTLY LIMITED RESPONSE TO TREATMENT WITH GLUTAMATERGIC ANTIPSYCHOTICS.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
18  3315 24 HIPPOCAMPAL MU OPIOID RECEPTORS ARE MODULATED FOLLOWING COCAINE SELF-ADMINISTRATION IN RAT. COCAINE ADDICTION IS A COMPLEX PATHOLOGY INDUCED BY LONG-TERM BRAIN CHANGES. UNDERSTANDING THE NEUROCHEMICAL CHANGES UNDERLYING THE REINFORCING EFFECTS OF THIS DRUG OF ABUSE IS CRITICAL FOR REDUCING THE SOCIETAL BURDEN OF DRUG ADDICTION. THE MU OPIOID RECEPTOR PLAYS A MAJOR ROLE IN DRUG REWARD. THIS RECEPTOR IS MODULATED BY CHRONIC COCAINE TREATMENT IN SPECIFIC BRAIN STRUCTURES, BUT FEW STUDIES INVESTIGATED NEUROCHEMICAL ADAPTATIONS INDUCED BY VOLUNTARY COCAINE INTAKE. IN THIS STUDY, WE INVESTIGATED WHETHER INTRAVENOUS COCAINE-SELF ADMINISTRATION (0.33 MG/KG/INJECTION, FIXED-RATIO 1 [FR1], 10 DAYS) IN RATS INDUCES TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHANGES OF THE MU OPIOID RECEPTOR IN REWARD-RELATED BRAIN REGIONS. EPIGENETIC PROCESSES WITH HISTONE MODIFICATIONS WERE EXAMINED FOR TWO ACTIVATING MARKS, H3K4ME3, AND H3K27AC. WE FOUND AN INCREASE OF MU OPIOID RECEPTOR GENE EXPRESSION ALONG WITH A POTENTIATION OF ITS FUNCTIONALITY IN HIPPOCAMPUS OF COCAINE SELF-ADMINISTERING ANIMALS COMPARED TO SALINE CONTROLS. CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION FOLLOWED BY QPCR REVEALED NO MODIFICATIONS OF THE HISTONE MARK H3K4ME3 AND H3K27AC LEVELS AT MU OPIOID RECEPTOR PROMOTER. OUR STUDY HIGHLIGHTS THE HIPPOCAMPUS AS AN IMPORTANT TARGET TO FURTHER INVESTIGATE NEUROADAPTIVE PROCESSES LEADING TO COCAINE ADDICTION.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
19  3159 32 GLYPHOSATE PRIMES MAMMARY CELLS FOR TUMORIGENESIS BY REPROGRAMMING THE EPIGENOME IN A TET3-DEPENDENT MANNER. THE ACKNOWLEDGMENT THAT POLLUTANTS MIGHT INFLUENCE THE EPIGENOME RAISES SERIOUS CONCERNS REGARDING THEIR LONG-TERM IMPACT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHRONIC DISEASES. THE HERBICIDE GLYPHOSATE HAS BEEN SCRUTINIZED FOR AN IMPACT ON CANCER INCIDENCE, BUT REPORTS DEMONSTRATE THE DIFFICULTY OF LINKING ESTIMATES OF EXPOSURE AND RESPONSE ANALYSIS. AN APPROACH TO BETTER APPREHEND A POTENTIAL RISK IMPACT FOR CANCER IS TO FOLLOW A SYNERGISTIC APPROACH, AS CANCER RARELY OCCURS IN RESPONSE TO ONE RISK FACTOR. THE KNOWN INFLUENCE OF GLYPHOSATE ON ESTROGEN-REGULATED PATHWAY MAKES IT A LOGICAL TARGET OF INVESTIGATION IN BREAST CANCER RESEARCH. WE HAVE USED NONNEOPLASTIC MCF10A CELLS IN A REPEATED GLYPHOSATE EXPOSURE PATTERN OVER 21 DAYS. GLYPHOSATE TRIGGERED A SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION IN DNA METHYLATION, AS SHOWN BY THE LEVEL OF 5-METHYLCYTOSINE DNA; HOWEVER, IN CONTRAST TO STRONG DEMETHYLATING AGENT AND CANCER PROMOTER UP PEPTIDE, GLYPHOSATE-TREATED CELLS DID NOT LEAD TO TUMOR DEVELOPMENT. WHEREAS UP ACTS THROUGH A DNMT1/PCNA/UHRF1 PATHWAY, GLYPHOSATE TRIGGERED INCREASED ACTIVITY OF TEN-ELEVEN TRANSLOCATION (TET)3. COMBINING GLYPHOSATE WITH ENHANCED EXPRESSION OF MICRORNA (MIR) 182-5P ASSOCIATED WITH BREAST CANCER INDUCED TUMOR DEVELOPMENT IN 50% OF MICE. CULTURE OF PRIMARY CELLS FROM RESECTED TUMORS REVEALED A LUMINAL B (ER+/PR-/HER2-) PHENOTYPE IN RESPONSE TO GLYPHOSATE-MIR182-5P EXPOSURE WITH SENSITIVITY TO TAMOXIFEN AND INVASIVE AND MIGRATORY POTENTIALS. TUMOR DEVELOPMENT COULD BE PREVENTED EITHER BY SPECIFICALLY INHIBITING MIR 182-5P OR BY TREATING GLYPHOSATE-MIR 182-5P-CELLS WITH DIMETHYLOXALLYL GLYCINE, AN INHIBITOR OF TET PATHWAY. LOOKING FOR POTENTIAL EPIGENETIC MARKS OF TET-MEDIATED GENE REGULATION UNDER GLYPHOSATE EXPOSURE, WE IDENTIFIED MTRNR2L2 AND DUX4 GENES, THE HYPOMETHYLATION OF WHICH WAS SUSTAINED EVEN AFTER STOPPING GLYPHOSATE EXPOSURE FOR 6 WEEKS. OUR FINDINGS REVEAL THAT LOW PRESSURE BUT SUSTAINED DNA HYPOMETHYLATION OCCURRING VIA THE TET PATHWAY PRIMES CELLS FOR ONCOGENIC RESPONSE IN THE PRESENCE OF ANOTHER POTENTIAL RISK FACTOR. THESE RESULTS WARRANT FURTHER INVESTIGATION OF GLYPHOSATE-MEDIATED BREAST CANCER RISK.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
20  5820 26 STRESS DYNAMICALLY REGULATES BEHAVIOR AND GLUTAMATERGIC GENE EXPRESSION IN HIPPOCAMPUS BY OPENING A WINDOW OF EPIGENETIC PLASTICITY. EXCITATORY AMINO ACIDS PLAY A KEY ROLE IN BOTH ADAPTIVE AND DELETERIOUS EFFECTS OF STRESSORS ON THE BRAIN, AND DYSREGULATED GLUTAMATE HOMEOSTASIS HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH PSYCHIATRIC AND NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS. HERE, WE ELUCIDATE MECHANISMS OF EPIGENETIC PLASTICITY IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS IN THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN A HISTORY OF CHRONIC STRESS AND FAMILIAR AND NOVEL ACUTE STRESSORS THAT ALTER EXPRESSION OF ANXIETY- AND DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS. WE DEMONSTRATE THAT ACUTE RESTRAINT AND ACUTE FORCED SWIM STRESSORS INDUCE DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS ON THESE BEHAVIORS IN NAIVE MICE AND IN MICE WITH A HISTORY OF CHRONIC-RESTRAINT STRESS (CRS). THEY REVEAL A KEY ROLE FOR EPIGENETIC UP- AND DOWN-REGULATION OF THE PUTATIVE PRESYNAPTIC TYPE 2 METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE (MGLU2) RECEPTORS AND THE POSTSYNAPTIC NR1/NMDA RECEPTORS IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS AND PARTICULARLY IN THE DENTATE GYRUS (DG), A REGION OF ACTIVE NEUROGENESIS AND A TARGET OF ANTIDEPRESSANT TREATMENT. WE SHOW CHANGES IN DG LONG-TERM POTENTIATION (LTP) THAT PARALLEL BEHAVIORAL RESPONSES, WITH HABITUATION TO THE SAME ACUTE RESTRAINT STRESSOR AND SENSITIZATION TO A NOVEL FORCED-SWIM STRESSOR. IN WT MICE AFTER CRS AND IN UNSTRESSED MICE WITH A BDNF LOSS-OF-FUNCTION ALLELE (BDNF VAL66MET), WE SHOW THAT THE EPIGENETIC ACTIVATOR OF HISTONE ACETYLATION, P300, PLAYS A PIVOTAL ROLE IN THE DYNAMIC UP- AND DOWN-REGULATION OF MGLU2 IN HIPPOCAMPUS VIA HISTONE-3-LYSINE-27-ACETYLATION (H3K27AC) WHEN ACUTE STRESSORS ARE APPLIED. THESE HIPPOCAMPAL RESPONSES REVEAL A WINDOW OF EPIGENETIC PLASTICITY THAT MAY BE USEFUL FOR TREATMENT OF DISORDERS IN WHICH GLUTAMATERGIC TRANSMISSION IS DYSREGULATED.	2015