1  3056 165 GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION ANALYSIS IMPLICATES ENRICHMENT OF INTERFERON PATHWAY IN AFRICAN AMERICAN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS AND EUROPEAN AMERICANS WITH LUPUS NEPHRITIS. SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE) IS A CHRONIC, MULTISYSTEM, INFLAMMATORY AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE THAT DISPROPORTIONATELY AFFECTS WOMEN. TRENDS IN SLE PREVALENCE AND CLINICAL COURSE DIFFER BY ANCESTRY, WITH THOSE OF AFRICAN AMERICAN ANCESTRY PRESENTING WITH MORE ACTIVE, SEVERE AND RAPIDLY PROGRESSIVE DISEASE THAN EUROPEAN AMERICANS. PREVIOUS RESEARCH ESTABLISHED ALTERED EPIGENETIC SIGNATURES IN SLE PATIENTS COMPARED TO CONTROLS. HOWEVER, THE CONTRIBUTION OF ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION (DNAM) TO THE RISK OF SLE BY ANCESTRY AND DIFFERENCES AMONG PATIENTS WITH SLE-ASSOCIATED LUPUS NEPHRITIS (LN) HAS NOT BEEN WELL DESCRIBED. WE EVALUATED THE DNA METHYLOMES OF 87 INDIVIDUALS INCLUDING 41 SLE PATIENTS, WITH AND WITHOUT LN, AND 46 CONTROLS ENROLLED IN AN ANCESTRY DIVERSE, WELL-CHARACTERIZED COHORT STUDY OF ESTABLISHED SLE (41 SLE PATIENTS [20 SLE-LN+, 21 SLE-LN-] AND 46 SEX-, RACE- AND AGE-MATCHED CONTROLS; 55% AFRICAN AMERICAN, 45% EUROPEAN AMERICAN). PARTICIPANTS WERE GENOTYPED USING THE INFINIUM GLOBAL DIVERSITY ARRAY (GDA), AND GENETIC ANCESTRY WAS ESTIMATED USING PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS. GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION WAS INITIALLY MEASURED USING THE ILLUMINA METHYLATIONEPIC 850K BEADCHIP ARRAY FOLLOWED BY METHYLATION-SPECIFIC QPCR TO VALIDATE THE METHYLATION STATUS AT PUTATIVE LOCI. DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED POSITIONS (DMP) WERE IDENTIFIED USING A CASE-CONTROL APPROACH ADJUSTED FOR ANCESTRY. WE IDENTIFIED A TOTAL OF 51 DMPS IN CPGS AMONG SLE PATIENTS COMPARED TO CONTROLS. GENES PROXIMAL TO THESE CPGS WERE HIGHLY ENRICHED FOR INVOLVEMENT IN TYPE I INTERFERON SIGNALING. DMPS AMONG EUROPEAN AMERICAN SLE PATIENTS WITH LN WERE SIMILAR TO AFRICAN AMERICAN SLE PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT LN. OUR FINDINGS WERE VALIDATED USING AN ORTHOGONAL, METHYL-SPECIFIC PCR FOR THREE SLE-ASSOCIATED DMPS NEAR OR PROXIMAL TO MX1, USP18, AND IFITM1. OUR STUDY CONFIRMS PREVIOUS REPORTS THAT DMPS IN CPGS ASSOCIATED WITH SLE ARE ENRICHED IN TYPE I INTERFERON GENES. HOWEVER, WE SHOW THAT EUROPEAN AMERICAN SLE PATIENTS WITH LN HAVE SIMILAR DNAM PATTERNS TO AFRICAN AMERICAN SLE PATIENTS IRRESPECTIVE OF LN, SUGGESTING THAT ABERRANT DNAM ALTERS ACTIVITY OF TYPE I INTERFERON PATHWAY LEADING TO MORE SEVERE DISEASE INDEPENDENT OF ANCESTRY.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
2  4262  26 MICE EXPOSED TO COMBINED CHRONIC LOW-DOSE IRRADIATION AND MODELED MICROGRAVITY DEVELOP LONG-TERM NEUROLOGICAL SEQUELAE. SPACEFLIGHT POSES MANY CHALLENGES FOR HUMANS. GROUND-BASED ANALOGS TYPICALLY FOCUS ON SINGLE PARAMETERS OF SPACEFLIGHT AND THEIR ASSOCIATED ACUTE EFFECTS. THIS STUDY ASSESSES THE LONG-TERM TRANSCRIPTIONAL EFFECTS FOLLOWING SINGLE AND COMBINATION SPACEFLIGHT ANALOG CONDITIONS USING THE MOUSE MODEL: SIMULATED MICROGRAVITY VIA HINDLIMB UNLOADING (HLU) AND/OR LOW-DOSE GAMMA-RAY IRRADIATION (LDR) FOR 21 DAYS, FOLLOWED BY 4 MONTHS OF READAPTATION. CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN BRAIN SAMPLES DURING READAPTATION WERE ANALYZED BY WHOLE TRANSCRIPTOME SHOTGUN SEQUENCING (RNA-SEQ) AND REDUCED REPRESENTATION BISULFITE SEQUENCING (RRBS). THE RESULTS SHOWED MINIMAL GENE EXPRESSION AND CYTOSINE METHYLATION ALTERATIONS AT 4 MONTHS READAPTATION WITHIN SINGLE TREATMENT CONDITIONS OF HLU OR LDR. IN CONTRAST, FOLLOWING COMBINED HLU+LDR, GENE EXPRESSION AND PROMOTER METHYLATION ANALYSES SHOWED MULTIPLE ALTERED PATHWAYS INVOLVED IN NEUROGENESIS AND NEUROPLASTICITY, THE REGULATION OF NEUROPEPTIDES, AND CELLULAR SIGNALING. IN BRIEF, NEUROLOGICAL READAPTATION FOLLOWING COMBINED CHRONIC LDR AND HLU IS A DYNAMIC PROCESS THAT INVOLVES PATHWAYS THAT REGULATE NEURONAL FUNCTION AND STRUCTURE AND MAY LEAD TO LATE ONSET NEUROLOGICAL SEQUELAE.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
3  3501  54 IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS FOR SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS BY INTEGRATED ANALYSIS OF GENE EXPRESSION AND METHYLATION DATA. INTRODUCTION: SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE) IS A HETEROGENEOUS AND CHRONIC AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE. ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION OCCURS DURING VARIOUS PROCESSES OF SLE DEVELOPMENT REGULATING THE MRNA EXPRESSION OF INTERRELATED GENES. THIS STUDY AIMS TO SCREEN POTENTIAL DNA METHYLATION MARKERS FOR SLE. METHODS: GENE EXPRESSION AND METHYLATION DATASETS WERE DOWNLOADED FROM THE GENE EXPRESSION OMNIBUS (GEO) DATABASE. DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES (DEGS) BETWEEN SLE PATIENTS AND HEALTHY CONTROLS WERE SCREENED USING THE LIMMA R PACKAGE, AND DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED POSITIONS (DMPS) AND REGIONS (DMRS) WERE IDENTIFIED USING DMPFINDER AND BUMPHUNTER (MINFI). ADDITIONALLY, THE DNA METHYLATION MARKERS TO DISTINGUISH SLE PATIENTS FROM HEALTHY CONTROLS WERE EXPLORED THROUGH RECEIVER OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC (ROC) CURVES AND LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSES. FINALLY, WE VALIDATED THE RESULTS OF THE BIOINFORMATIC ANALYSIS BY PYROSEQUENCING. RESULTS: IN TOTAL, 91 DEGS, 90,092 DMPS, 15 DMRS, AND 13 DMR-ASSOCIATED GENES WERE IDENTIFIED. THROUGH THE INTEGRATIVE ANALYSIS OF DEG- AND DMR-ASSOCIATED GENES, WE IDENTIFIED FIVE TYPE I INTERFERON (IFN)-RELATED GENES AS KEY EPIGENETIC-DRIVEN GENES IN SLE. GO ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT THE FIVE SLE-ASSOCIATED EPIGENETIC-DRIVEN GENES WERE MAINLY ENRICHED IN THE TYPE I IFN SIGNALING PATHWAY INVOLVED IN IMMUNE RESPONSE AND DEFENSE RESPONSE TO VIRUS. MOREOVER, WE IDENTIFIED TWO SLE-SPECIFIC DNA METHYLATION MARKERS, THREE SLE WITHOUT LUPUS NEPHRITIS (SLE-LN(-))-SPECIFIC DNA METHYLATION MARKERS, AND TWO SLE WITH LUPUS NEPHRITIS (SLE-LN(+))-SPECIFIC DNA METHYLATION MARKERS BY STEPWISE LOGISTIC REGRESSION. CONCLUSIONS: OVERALL, OUR STUDY DEMONSTRATES POTENTIAL DNA METHYLATION MARKERS OF SLE, SLE-LN(-), AND SLE-LN(+), WHICH MAY HELP THE DIAGNOSIS, BOOST THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW EPIGENETIC THERAPY, AND CONTRIBUTE TO INDIVIDUALIZED TREATMENT. KEY POINTS * THIS STUDY IDENTIFIED FIVE TYPE I IFN-RELATED GENES AS KEY EPIGENETIC-DRIVEN GENES IN SLE, WHICH SUPPORT THE IMPORTANCE OF THE TYPE I IFN PATHWAY IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF SLE * WE IDENTIFIED NOVEL DNA METHYLATION BIOMARKERS IN SLE, SLE-LN-, AND SLE-LN+ BY A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOINFORMATICS METHODS AND EXECUTED EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION, AND BINARY LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT THEY HAVE EXCELLENT POTENTIAL * THESE RESULTS MAY PROVIDE NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF SLE, AND IDENTIFY RELIABLE BIOMARKERS FOR SLE, SLE-LN-, AND SLE-LN+, WHICH MAY CONTRIBUTE TO DIAGNOSIS AND INDIVIDUALIZED TREATMENT.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                 
4  1571  48 DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS IN CD8(+) T CELLS DISCERN PSORIASIS FROM PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS AND CORRELATE WITH CUTANEOUS DISEASE ACTIVITY. BACKGROUND: PSORIASIS IS A T CELL-MEDIATED CHRONIC AUTOIMMUNE/INFLAMMATORY DISEASE. WHILE SOME PATIENTS EXPERIENCE DISEASE LIMITED TO THE SKIN (SKIN PSORIASIS), OTHERS DEVELOP JOINT INVOLVEMENT (PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS; PSA). IN THE ABSENCE OF DISEASE- AND/OR OUTCOME-SPECIFIC BIOMARKERS, AND AS ARTHRITIS CAN PRECEDE SKIN MANIFESTATIONS, DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC DELAYS ARE COMMON AND CONTRIBUTE TO DISEASE BURDEN AND DAMAGE ACCRUAL. OBJECTIVE: ALTERED EPIGENETIC MARKS, INCLUDING DNA METHYLATION, CONTRIBUTE TO EFFECTOR T CELL PHENOTYPES AND ALTERED CYTOKINE EXPRESSION IN AUTOIMMUNE/INFLAMMATORY DISEASES. THIS PROJECT AIMED AT THE IDENTIFICATION OF DISEASE-/OUTCOME-SPECIFIC DNA METHYLATION SIGNATURES IN CD8(+) T CELLS FROM PATIENTS WITH PSORIASIS AND PSA AS COMPARED TO HEALTHY CONTROLS. METHOD: PERIPHERAL BLOOD CD8(+) T CELLS FROM NINE HEALTHY CONTROLS, 10 PSORIASIS, AND SEVEN PSA PATIENTS WERE COLLECTED TO ANALYZE DNA METHYLATION MARKS USING ILLUMINA HUMAN METHYLATION EPIC BEADCHIPS (>850,000 CPGS PER SAMPLE). BIOINFORMATIC ANALYSIS WAS PERFORMED USING R (MINFI, LIMMA, CHAMP, AND DMRCATE PACKAGES). RESULTS: DNA METHYLATION PROFILES IN CD8(+) T CELLS DIFFERENTIATE HEALTHY CONTROLS FROM PSORIASIS PATIENTS [397 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED POSITIONS (DMPS); 9 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS (DMRS) WHEN >/=CPGS PER DMR WERE CONSIDERED; 2 DMRS FOR >/=10 CPGS]. FURTHERMORE, PATIENTS WITH SKIN PSORIASIS CAN BE DISCRIMINATED FROM PSA PATIENTS [1,861 DMPS, 20 DMRS (>/=5 CPGS PER REGION), 4 DMRS (>/=10 CPGS PER REGION)]. GENE ONTOLOGY (GO) ANALYSES CONSIDERING GENES WITH >/=1 DMP IN THEIR PROMOTER DELIVERED METHYLATION DEFECTS IN SKIN PSORIASIS AND PSA PRIMARILY AFFECTING THE BMP SIGNALING PATHWAY AND ENDOPEPTIDASE REGULATOR ACTIVITY, RESPECTIVELY. GO ANALYSIS OF GENES ASSOCIATED WITH DMRS BETWEEN SKIN PSORIASIS AND PSA DEMONSTRATED AN ENRICHMENT OF GABAERGIC NEURON AND CORTEX NEURON DEVELOPMENT PATHWAYS. TREATMENT WITH CYTOKINE BLOCKERS ASSOCIATED WITH DNA METHYLATION CHANGES [2,372 DMPS; 1,907 DMPS WITHIN PROMOTERS, 7 DMRS (>/=5 CPG PER REGIONS)] AFFECTING TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA RECEPTOR AND TRANSMEMBRANE RECEPTOR PROTEIN SERINE/THREONINE KINASE SIGNALING PATHWAYS. LASTLY, A METHYLATION SCORE INCLUDING TNF AND IL-17 PATHWAY ASSOCIATED DMPS INVERSE CORRELATES WITH SKIN DISEASE ACTIVITY SCORES (PASI). CONCLUSION: PATIENTS WITH SKIN PSORIASIS EXHIBIT DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS IN CD8(+) T CELLS THAT ALLOW DIFFERENTIATION FROM PSA PATIENTS AND HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS, AND REFLECT CLINICAL ACTIVITY OF SKIN DISEASE. THUS, DNA METHYLATION PROFILING PROMISES POTENTIAL AS DIAGNOSTIC AND PROGNOSTIC TOOL TO BE USED FOR MOLECULAR PATIENT STRATIFICATION TOWARD INDIVIDUALIZED TREATMENT.	2021	

5  1555  49 DNA METHYLATION MAPPING IDENTIFIES GENE REGULATORY EFFECTS IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. OBJECTIVES: SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE) IS A CHRONIC AUTOIMMUNE CONDITION WITH HETEROGENEOUS PRESENTATION AND COMPLEX AETIOLOGY WHERE DNA METHYLATION CHANGES ARE EMERGING AS A CONTRIBUTING FACTOR. IN ORDER TO DISCOVER NOVEL EPIGENETIC ASSOCIATIONS AND INVESTIGATE THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO GENETIC RISK FOR SLE, WE ANALYSED DNA METHYLATION PROFILES IN A LARGE COLLECTION OF PATIENTS WITH SLE AND HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS. METHODS: DNA EXTRACTED FROM BLOOD FROM 548 PATIENTS WITH SLE AND 587 HEALTHY CONTROLS WERE ANALYSED ON THE ILLUMINA HUMANMETHYLATION 450 K BEADCHIP, WHICH TARGETS 485 000 CPG SITES ACROSS THE GENOME. SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM (SNP) GENOTYPE DATA FOR 196 524 SNPS ON THE ILLUMINA IMMUNOCHIP FROM THE SAME INDIVIDUALS WERE UTILISED FOR METHYLATION QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI (CIS-MEQTLS) ANALYSES. RESULTS: WE IDENTIFIED AND REPLICATED DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPGS (DMCS) IN SLE AT 7245 CPG SITES IN THE GENOME. THE LARGEST METHYLATION DIFFERENCES WERE OBSERVED AT TYPE I INTERFERON-REGULATED GENES WHICH EXHIBITED DECREASED METHYLATION IN SLE. WE MAPPED CIS-MEQTLS AND IDENTIFIED GENETIC REGULATION OF METHYLATION LEVELS AT 466 OF THE DMCS IN SLE. THE MEQTLS FOR DMCS IN SLE WERE ENRICHED FOR GENETIC ASSOCIATION TO SLE, AND INCLUDED SEVEN SLE GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY (GWAS) LOCI: PTPRC (CD45), MHC-CLASS III, UHRF1BP1, IRF5, IRF7, IKZF3 AND UBE2L3. IN ADDITION, WE OBSERVED ASSOCIATION BETWEEN GENOTYPE AND VARIANCE OF METHYLATION AT 20 DMCS IN SLE, INCLUDING AT THE HLA-DQB2 LOCUS. CONCLUSIONS: OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT SEVERAL OF THE GENETIC RISK VARIANTS FOR SLE MAY EXERT THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE PHENOTYPE THROUGH ALTERATION OF DNA METHYLATION LEVELS AT REGULATORY REGIONS OF TARGET GENES.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
6  2564  42 EPIGENETICS INSIGHTS INTO CHRONIC PAIN: DNA HYPOMETHYLATION IN FIBROMYALGIA-A CONTROLLED PILOT-STUDY. TO EVALUATE CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION PROFILES IN PATIENTS WITH FIBROMYALGIA (FM) COMPARED TO MATCHED HEALTHY CONTROLS (HCS). ALL INDIVIDUALS UNDERWENT FULL CLINICAL AND NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT BY CORTICAL EXCITABILITY (CE) PARAMETERS MEASURED BY TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION. DNA FROM THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD OF PATIENTS WITH FM (N = 24) AND HC (N = 24) WERE ASSESSED USING THE ILLUMINA-HUMANMETHYLATION450 BEADCHIPS. WE IDENTIFIED 1610 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED POSITIONS (DMPS) IN PATIENTS WITH FM DISPLAYING A NONRANDOM DISTRIBUTION IN REGIONS OF THE GENOME. SIXTY-NINE PERCENT OF DMP IN FM WERE HYPOMETHYLATED COMPARED TO HC. DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED POSITIONS WERE ENRICHED IN 5 GENOMIC REGIONS (1P34; 6P21; 10Q26; 17Q25; 19Q13). THE FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF 960 GENES RELATED TO DMPS REVEALED AN ENRICHMENT FOR MAPK SIGNALING PATHWAY (N = 18 GENES), REGULATION OF ACTIN CYTOSKELETON (N = 15 GENES), AND FOCAL ADHESION (N = 13 GENES). A GENE-GENE INTERACTION NETWORK ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS REVEALED THE PARTICIPATION OF DNA REPAIR PATHWAYS, MITOCHONDRIA-RELATED PROCESSES, AND SYNAPTIC SIGNALING. EVEN THOUGH DNA WAS EXTRACTED FROM PERIPHERAL BLOOD, THIS SET OF GENES WAS ENRICHED FOR DISORDERS SUCH AS SCHIZOPHRENIA, MOOD DISORDERS, BULIMIA, HYPERPHAGIA, AND OBESITY. REMARKABLY, THE HIERARCHICAL CLUSTERIZATION BASED ON THE METHYLATION LEVELS OF THE 1610 DMPS SHOWED AN ASSOCIATION WITH NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS OF CE IN FM AND HC. FIBROMYALGIA HAS A HYPOMETHYLATION DNA PATTERN, WHICH IS ENRICHED IN GENES IMPLICATED IN STRESS RESPONSE AND DNA REPAIR/FREE RADICAL CLEARANCE. THESE CHANGES OCCURRED PARALLEL TO CHANGES IN CE PARAMETERS. NEW EPIGENETIC INSIGHTS INTO THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF FM MAY PROVIDE THE BASIS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF BIOMARKERS OF THIS DISORDER.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
7   785  39 CELL-TYPE SPECIFIC EWAS IDENTIFIES GENES INVOLVED IN HIV PATHOGENESIS AND ONCOGENESIS AMONG PEOPLE WITH HIV INFECTION. EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES (EWAS) OF HETEROGENOUS BLOOD CELLS HAVE IDENTIFIED CPG SITES ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC HIV INFECTION, WHICH OFFER LIMITED KNOWLEDGE OF CELL-TYPE SPECIFIC METHYLATION PATTERNS ASSOCIATED WITH HIV INFECTION. APPLYING A COMPUTATIONAL DECONVOLUTION METHOD VALIDATED BY CAPTURE BISULFITE DNA METHYLATION SEQUENCING, WE CONDUCTED A CELL TYPE-BASED EWAS AND IDENTIFIED DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPG SITES SPECIFIC FOR CHRONIC HIV INFECTION AMONG FIVE IMMUNE CELL TYPES IN BLOOD: CD4+ T-CELLS, CD8+ T-CELLS, B CELLS, NATURAL KILLER (NK) CELLS, AND MONOCYTES IN TWO INDEPENDENT COHORTS (N (TOTAL) =1,134). DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPG SITES FOR HIV-INFECTION WERE HIGHLY CONCORDANT BETWEEN THE TWO COHORTS. CELL-TYPE LEVEL META-EWAS REVEALED DISTINCT PATTERNS OF HIV-ASSOCIATED DIFFERENTIAL CPG METHYLATION, WHERE 67% OF CPG SITES WERE UNIQUE TO INDIVIDUAL CELL TYPES (FALSE DISCOVERY RATE, FDR <0.05). CD4+ T-CELLS HAD THE LARGEST NUMBER OF HIV-ASSOCIATED CPG SITES (N=1,472) COMPARED TO ANY OTHER CELL TYPE. GENES HARBORING STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT CPG SITES ARE INVOLVED IN IMMUNITY AND HIV PATHOGENESIS (E.G. CX3CR1 IN CD4+ T-CELLS, CCR7 IN B CELLS, IL12R IN NK CELLS, LCK IN MONOCYTES). MORE IMPORTANTLY, HIV-ASSOCIATED CPG SITES WERE OVERREPRESENTED FOR HALLMARK GENES INVOLVED IN CANCER PATHOLOGY ( FDR <0.05) (E.G. BCL FAMILY, PRDM16, PDCD1LGD, ESR1, DNMT3A, NOTCH2 ). HIV-ASSOCIATED CPG SITES WERE ENRICHED AMONG GENES INVOLVED IN HIV PATHOGENESIS AND ONCOGENESIS SUCH AS KRAS-SIGNALING, INTERFERON-ALPHA AND -GAMMA, TNF-ALPHA, INFLAMMATORY, AND APOPTOTIC PATHWAYS. OUR FINDINGS ARE NOVEL, UNCOVERING CELL-TYPE SPECIFIC MODIFICATIONS IN THE HOST EPIGENOME FOR PEOPLE WITH HIV THAT CONTRIBUTE TO THE GROWING BODY OF EVIDENCE REGARDING PATHOGEN-INDUCED EPIGENETIC ONCOGENICITY, SPECIFICALLY ON HIV AND ITS COMORBIDITY WITH CANCERS.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
8   569  35 BCOR AND BCORL1 MUTATIONS IN MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES AND RELATED DISORDERS. PATIENTS WITH LOW-RISK MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES (MDS) THAT RAPIDLY PROGRESS TO ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA (AML) REMAIN A CHALLENGE IN DISEASE MANAGEMENT. USING WHOLE-EXOME SEQUENCING OF AN MDS PATIENT, WE IDENTIFIED A SOMATIC MUTATION IN THE BCOR GENE ALSO MUTATED IN AML. SEQUENCING OF BCOR AND RELATED BCORL1 GENES IN A COHORT OF 354 MDS PATIENTS IDENTIFIED 4.2% AND 0.8% OF MUTATIONS RESPECTIVELY. BCOR MUTATIONS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH RUNX1 (P = .002) AND DNMT3A MUTATIONS (P = .015). BCOR IS ALSO MUTATED IN CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA PATIENTS (7.4%) AND BCORL1 IN AML PATIENTS WITH MYELODYSPLASIA-RELATED CHANGES (9.1%). USING DEEP SEQUENCING, WE SHOW THAT BCOR MUTATIONS ARISE AFTER MUTATIONS AFFECTING GENES INVOLVED IN SPLICING MACHINERY OR EPIGENETIC REGULATION. IN UNIVARIATE ANALYSIS, BCOR MUTATIONS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH POOR PROGNOSIS IN MDS (OVERALL SURVIVAL [OS]: P = .013; CUMULATIVE INCIDENCE OF AML TRANSFORMATION: P = .005). MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS INCLUDING AGE, INTERNATIONAL PROGNOSTIC SCORING SYSTEM, TRANSFUSION DEPENDENCY, AND MUTATIONAL STATUS CONFIRMED A SIGNIFICANT INFERIOR OS TO PATIENTS WITH A BCOR MUTATION (HAZARD RATIO, 3.3; 95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL, 1.4-8.1; P = .008). THESE DATA SUGGEST THAT BCOR MUTATIONS DEFINE THE CLINICAL COURSE RATHER THAN DISEASE INITIATION. DESPITE INFREQUENT MUTATIONS, BCOR ANALYSES SHOULD BE CONSIDERED IN RISK STRATIFICATION.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
9  3284  37 HIDRADENITIS SUPPURATIVA PRESENTS A METHYLOME DYSREGULATION CAPABLE TO EXPLAIN THE PRO-INFLAMMATORY MICROENVIRONMENT: ARE THESE DNA METHYLATIONS POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS? BACKGROUND: HIDRADENITIS SUPPURATIVA (HS) IS A CHRONIC, SYSTEMIC, INFLAMMATORY SKIN CONDITION WITH ELUSIVE PATHOGENESIS THAT AFFECTS THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION DIRECTLY. OBJECTIVE: TO CHARACTERIZE EPIGENETIC VARIATIONS IN CYTOKINES GENES CONTRIBUTING TO HS. METHODS: EPIGENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION PROFILING WITH THE ILLUMINA EPIC ARRAY WAS PERFORMED ON BLOOD DNA SAMPLES FROM 24 HS PATIENTS AND 24 AGE- AND SEX-MATCHED CONTROLS TO EXPLORE DNA METHYLATION CHANGES IN CYTOKINE GENES. RESULTS: WE IDENTIFIED 170 CYTOKINE GENES INCLUDING 27 HYPERMETHYLATED CPG SITES AND 143 GENES WITH HYPOMETHYLATED SITES RESPECTIVELY. HYPERMETHYLATED GENES, INCLUDING LIF, HLA-DRB1, HLA-G, MTOR, FADD, TGFB3, MALAT1 AND CCL28; HYPOMETHYLATED GENES, INCLUDING NCSTN, SMAD3, IGF1R, IL1F9, NOD2, NOD1, YY1, DLL1 AND BCL2 MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF HS. THESE GENES WERE ENRICHED IN THE 117 DIFFERENT PATHWAYS (FDR P-VALUES </= 0.05), INCLUDING IL-4/IL-13 PATHWAYS AND WNT/BETA-CATENIN SIGNALLING. CONCLUSIONS: THE LACK OF WOUND HEALING, MICROBIOME DYSBIOSIS AND INCREASED TUMOUR SUSCEPTIBILITY ARE ALL SUSTAINED BY THESE DYSFUNCTIONAL METHYLOMES, HOPEFULLY, CAPABLE TO BE TARGETED IN THE NEXT FUTURE. SINCE METHYLOME DESCRIBES AND SUMMARIZES GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTRIBUTIONS, THESE DATA MAY REPRESENT A FURTHER STEP TOWARDS A FEASIBLE PRECISION MEDICINE ALSO FOR HS PATIENTS.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
10  2418  43 EPIGENETIC SIGNATURE OF CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN IN HUMAN T CELLS. OBJECTIVE: DETERMINE IF CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN (LBP) IS ASSOCIATED WITH DNA METHYLATION SIGNATURES IN HUMAN T CELLS THAT WILL REVEAL NOVEL MECHANISMS AND POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS AND EXPLORE THE FEASIBILITY OF EPIGENETIC DIAGNOSTIC MARKERS FOR PAIN-RELATED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. METHODS: GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION ANALYSIS OF 850,000 CPG SITES IN WOMEN AND MEN WITH CHRONIC LBP AND PAIN-FREE CONTROLS WAS PERFORMED. T CELLS WERE ISOLATED (DISCOVERY COHORT, N = 32) AND USED TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPG SITES, AND GENE ONTOLOGIES AND MOLECULAR PATHWAYS WERE IDENTIFIED. A POLYGENIC DNA METHYLATION SCORE FOR LBP WAS GENERATED IN BOTH WOMEN AND MEN. VALIDATION WAS PERFORMED IN AN INDEPENDENT COHORT (VALIDATION COHORT, N = 63) OF CHRONIC LBP AND HEALTHY CONTROLS. RESULTS: ANALYSIS WITH THE DISCOVERY COHORT REVEALED A TOTAL OF 2,496 AND 419 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPGS IN WOMEN AND MEN, RESPECTIVELY. IN WOMEN, MOST OF THESE SITES WERE HYPOMETHYLATED AND ENRICHED IN GENES WITH FUNCTIONS IN THE EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX, IN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM (IE, CYTOKINES), OR IN EPIGENETIC PROCESSES. IN MEN, A UNIQUE CHRONIC LBP DNA METHYLATION SIGNATURE WAS IDENTIFIED CHARACTERIZED BY SIGNIFICANT ENRICHMENT FOR GENES FROM THE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX. SEX-SPECIFIC POLYGENIC DNA METHYLATION SCORES WERE GENERATED TO ESTIMATE THE PAIN STATUS OF EACH INDIVIDUAL AND CONFIRMED IN THE VALIDATION COHORT USING PYROSEQUENCING. CONCLUSION: THIS STUDY REVEALS SEX-SPECIFIC DNA METHYLATION SIGNATURES IN HUMAN T CELLS THAT DISCRIMINATES CHRONIC LBP PARTICIPANTS FROM HEALTHY CONTROLS.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
11  6613  36 ULTRADEEP BISULFITE SEQUENCING ANALYSIS OF DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS IN MULTIPLE GENE PROMOTERS BY 454 SEQUENCING. WE DEVELOPED A NOVEL APPROACH FOR CONDUCTING MULTISAMPLE, MULTIGENE, ULTRADEEP BISULFITE SEQUENCING ANALYSIS OF DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS IN CLINICAL SAMPLES. A MASSIVELY PARALLEL SEQUENCING-BY-SYNTHESIS METHOD (454 SEQUENCING) WAS USED TO DIRECTLY SEQUENCE >100 BISULFITE PCR PRODUCTS IN A SINGLE SEQUENCING RUN WITHOUT SUBCLONING. WE SHOWED THE UTILITY, ROBUSTNESS, AND SUPERIORITY OF THIS APPROACH BY ANALYZING METHYLATION IN 25 GENE-RELATED CPG RICH REGIONS FROM >40 CASES OF PRIMARY CELLS, INCLUDING NORMAL PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES, ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA (ALL), CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL), FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA (FL), AND MANTLE CELL LYMPHOMA (MCL). A TOTAL OF 294,631 SEQUENCES WAS GENERATED WITH AN AVERAGE READ LENGTH OF 131 BP. ON AVERAGE, >1,600 INDIVIDUAL SEQUENCES WERE GENERATED FOR EACH PCR AMPLICON FAR BEYOND THE FEW CLONES (<20) TYPICALLY ANALYZED BY TRADITIONAL BISULFITE SEQUENCING. COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF CPG METHYLATION PATTERNS AT A SINGLE DNA MOLECULE LEVEL USING CLUSTERING ALGORITHMS REVEALED DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION PATTERNS BETWEEN DISEASES. A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN METHYLATION WAS DETECTED IN ALL AND FL SAMPLES COMPARED WITH CLL AND MCL. FURTHERMORE, A PROGRESSIVE SPREADING OF METHYLATION WAS DETECTED FROM THE PERIPHERY TOWARD THE CENTER OF SELECT CPG ISLANDS IN THE ALL AND FL SAMPLES. THE ULTRADEEP SEQUENCING ALSO ALLOWED SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS OF GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC DATA AND REVEALED AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN A SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM AND THE METHYLATION PRESENT IN THE LRP1B PROMOTER. THIS NEW GENERATION OF METHYLOME SEQUENCING WILL PROVIDE DIGITAL PROFILES OF ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION FOR INDIVIDUAL HUMAN CANCERS AND OFFERS A ROBUST METHOD FOR THE EPIGENETIC CLASSIFICATION OF TUMOR SUBTYPES.	2007	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
12   972  43 CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE IS ASSOCIATED WITH EPIGENOME-WIDE DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION IN BAL LUNG CELLS. DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS IN CHRONIC PULMONARY OBSTRUCTIVE DISEASE (COPD) MIGHT OFFER NEW INSIGHTS INTO DISEASE PATHOGENESIS. TO ASSESS METHYLATION PROFILES IN THE MAIN COPD TARGET ORGAN, WE PERFORMED AN EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY ON BAL CELLS. BRONCHOSCOPIES WERE PERFORMED IN 18 SUBJECTS WITH COPD AND 15 CONTROL SUBJECTS (EX- AND CURRENT SMOKERS). DNA METHYLATION WAS MEASURED USING THE ILLUMINA METHYLATIONEPIC BEADCHIP KIT, COVERING MORE THAN 850,000 CPGS. DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED POSITIONS (DMPS) WERE EXAMINED FOR 1) ENRICHMENT IN PATHWAYS AND FUNCTIONAL GENE RELATIONSHIPS USING THE KYOTO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF GENES AND GENOMES AND GENE ONTOLOGY, 2) ACCELERATED AGING USING HORVATH'S EPIGENETIC CLOCK, 3) CORRELATION WITH GENE EXPRESSION, AND 4) COLOCALIZATION WITH GENETIC VARIATION. WE FOUND 1,155 BONFERRONI-SIGNIFICANT (P < 6.74 X 10(-8)) DMPS ASSOCIATED WITH COPD, MANY WITH LARGE EFFECT SIZES. FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS IDENTIFIED BIOLOGICALLY PLAUSIBLE PATHWAYS AND GENE RELATIONSHIPS, INCLUDING ENRICHMENT FOR TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR ACTIVITY. STRONG CORRELATION WAS FOUND BETWEEN DNA METHYLATION AND CHRONOLOGICAL AGE BUT NOT BETWEEN COPD AND ACCELERATED AGING. FOR 79 UNIQUE DMPS, DNA METHYLATION CORRELATED SIGNIFICANTLY WITH GENE EXPRESSION IN BAL CELLS. THIRTY-NINE PERCENT OF DMPS WERE COLOCALIZED WITH COPD-ASSOCIATED SNPS. TO THE BEST OF OUR KNOWLEDGE, THIS IS THE FIRST EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY OF COPD ON BAL CELLS, AND OUR ANALYSES REVEALED MANY DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION SITES. INTEGRATION WITH MRNA DATA SHOWED A STRONG FUNCTIONAL READOUT FOR RELEVANT GENES, IDENTIFYING SITES WHERE DNA METHYLATION MIGHT DIRECTLY AFFECT EXPRESSION. ALMOST HALF OF DMPS WERE COLOCATED WITH SNPS IDENTIFIED IN PREVIOUS GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES OF COPD, SUGGESTING JOINT GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC PATHWAYS RELATED TO DISEASE.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
13  2633  43 EPIGENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS ASSOCIATED WITH FATIGUE IN PRIMARY SJOGREN'S SYNDROME. OBJECTIVE: CHRONIC FATIGUE IS A COMMON, DISABLING AND POORLY UNDERSTOOD PHENOMENON. RECENT STUDIES INDICATE THAT EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS MAY BE INVOLVED IN THE EXPRESSION OF FATIGUE, A PROMINENT FEATURE OF PRIMARY SS (PSS). THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE WHETHER DNA METHYLATION PROFILES OF WHOLE BLOOD ARE ASSOCIATED WITH FATIGUE IN PATIENTS WITH PSS. METHODS: FORTY-EIGHT PSS PATIENTS WITH HIGH (N = 24) OR LOW (N = 24) FATIGUE AS MEASURED BY A VISUAL ANALOGUE SCALE WERE INCLUDED. GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION WAS INVESTIGATED USING THE ILLUMINA HUMANMETHYLATION450 BEADCHIP ARRAY. AFTER QUALITY CONTROL, A TOTAL OF 383 358 CYTOSINE-PHOSPHATE-GUANINE (CPG) SITES REMAINED FOR FURTHER ANALYSIS. AGE, SEX AND DIFFERENTIAL CELL COUNT ESTIMATES WERE INCLUDED AS COVARIATES IN THE ASSOCIATION MODEL. A FALSE DISCOVERY RATE-CORRECTED P < 0.05 WAS CONSIDERED SIGNIFICANT, AND A CUT-OFF OF 3% AVERAGE DIFFERENCE IN METHYLATION LEVELS BETWEEN HIGH- AND LOW-FATIGUE PATIENTS WAS APPLIED. RESULTS: A TOTAL OF 251 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPG SITES WERE ASSOCIATED WITH FATIGUE. THE CPG SITE WITH THE MOST PRONOUNCED HYPOMETHYLATION IN PSS HIGH FATIGUE ANNOTATED TO THE SBF2-ANTISENSE RNA1 GENE. THE MOST DISTINCT HYPERMETHYLATION WAS OBSERVED AT A CPG SITE ANNOTATED TO THE LYMPHOTOXIN ALPHA GENE. FUNCTIONAL PATHWAY ANALYSIS OF GENES WITH DIFFERENTLY METHYLATED CPG SITES IN SUBJECTS WITH HIGH VS LOW FATIGUE REVEALED ENRICHMENT IN SEVERAL PATHWAYS ASSOCIATED WITH INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY. CONCLUSION: SOME GENES INVOLVED IN REGULATION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM AND IN INFLAMMATION ARE DIFFERENTLY METHYLATED IN PSS PATIENTS WITH HIGH VS LOW FATIGUE. THESE FINDINGS POINT TO FUNCTIONAL NETWORKS THAT MAY UNDERLIE FATIGUE. EPIGENETIC CHANGES COULD CONSTITUTE A FATIGUE-REGULATING MECHANISM IN PSS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
14  4775  57 NUCLEIC ACID-SENSING AND INTERFERON-INDUCIBLE PATHWAYS SHOW DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION IN MZ TWINS DISCORDANT FOR LUPUS AND OVEREXPRESSION IN INDEPENDENT LUPUS SAMPLES: IMPLICATIONS FOR PATHOGENIC MECHANISM AND DRUG TARGETING. SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE) IS A CHRONIC, MULTISYSTEM, AUTOIMMUNE INFLAMMATORY DISEASE WITH GENOMIC AND NON-GENOMIC CONTRIBUTIONS TO RISK. WE HYPOTHESIZE THAT EPIGENETIC FACTORS ARE A SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTOR TO SLE RISK AND MAY BE INFORMATIVE FOR IDENTIFYING PATHOGENIC MECHANISMS AND THERAPEUTIC TARGETS. TO TEST THIS HYPOTHESIS WHILE CONTROLLING FOR GENETIC BACKGROUND, WE PERFORMED AN EPIGENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS OF DNA METHYLATION IN GENOMIC DNA FROM WHOLE BLOOD IN THREE PAIRS OF FEMALE MONOZYGOTIC (MZ) TWINS OF EUROPEAN ANCESTRY, DISCORDANT FOR SLE. RESULTS WERE REPLICATED ON THE SAME ARRAY IN FOUR CELL TYPES FROM A SET OF FOUR DANISH FEMALE MZ TWIN PAIRS DISCORDANT FOR SLE. GENES IMPLICATED BY THE EPIGENETIC ANALYSES WERE THEN EVALUATED IN 10 INDEPENDENT SLE GENE EXPRESSION DATASETS FROM THE GENE EXPRESSION OMNIBUS (GEO). THERE WERE 59 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED LOCI BETWEEN UNAFFECTED AND AFFECTED MZ TWINS IN WHOLE BLOOD, INCLUDING 11 NOVEL LOCI. ALL BUT TWO OF THESE LOCI WERE HYPOMETHYLATED IN THE SLE TWINS RELATIVE TO THE UNAFFECTED TWINS. THE GENES HARBORING THESE HYPOMETHYLATED LOCI EXHIBITED INCREASED EXPRESSION IN MULTIPLE INDEPENDENT DATASETS OF SLE PATIENTS. THIS PATTERN WAS LARGELY CONSISTENT REGARDLESS OF DISEASE ACTIVITY, CELL TYPE, OR RENAL TISSUE TYPE. THE GENES PROXIMAL TO CPGS EXHIBITING DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION (DM) IN THE SLE-DISCORDANT MZ TWINS AND EXHIBITING DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION (DE) IN INDEPENDENT SLE GEO COHORTS (DM-DE GENES) CLUSTERED INTO TWO PATHWAYS: THE NUCLEIC ACID-SENSING PATHWAY AND THE TYPE I INTERFERON PATHWAY. THE DM-DE GENES WERE ALSO INFORMATICALLY QUERIED FOR POTENTIAL GENE-DRUG INTERACTIONS, YIELDING A LIST OF 41 DRUGS INCLUDING A KNOWN SLE THERAPY. THE DM-DE GENES DELINEATE TWO IMPORTANT BIOLOGIC PATHWAYS THAT ARE NOT ONLY REFLECTIVE OF THE HETEROGENEITY OF SLE BUT MAY ALSO CORRELATE WITH DISTINCT IFN RESPONSES THAT DEPEND ON THE SOURCE, TYPE, AND LOCATION OF NUCLEIC ACID MOLECULES AND THE ACTIVATED RECEPTORS IN INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS. CELL- AND TISSUE-SPECIFIC ANALYSES WILL BE CRITICAL TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF GENETIC FACTORS DYSREGULATING THE NUCLEIC ACID-SENSING AND IFN PATHWAYS AND WHETHER THESE FACTORS COULD BE APPROPRIATE TARGETS FOR THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
15   812  51 CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION PROFILES OF MYALGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS/CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME PATIENTS REFLECT SYSTEMIC DYSFUNCTIONS. BACKGROUND: MYALGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS/CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME (ME/CFS) IS A LIFELONG DEBILITATING DISEASE WITH A COMPLEX PATHOLOGY NOT YET CLEARLY DEFINED. SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ME/CFS INVOLVES GENETIC PREDISPOSITION AND EXPOSURE TO ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, SUGGESTING AN EPIGENETIC ASSOCIATION. EPIGENETIC STUDIES WITH OTHER ME/CFS COHORTS HAVE USED ARRAY-BASED TECHNOLOGY TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED INDIVIDUAL SITES. CHANGES IN RNA QUANTITIES AND PROTEIN ABUNDANCE HAVE BEEN DOCUMENTED IN OUR PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS WITH THE SAME ME/CFS COHORT USED FOR THIS STUDY. RESULTS: DNA FROM A WELL-CHARACTERISED NEW ZEALAND COHORT OF 10 ME/CFS PATIENTS AND 10 AGE-/SEX-MATCHED HEALTHY CONTROLS WAS ISOLATED FROM PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR (PBMC) CELLS, AND USED TO GENERATE REDUCED GENOME-SCALE DNA METHYLATION MAPS USING REDUCED REPRESENTATION BISULPHITE SEQUENCING (RRBS). THE SEQUENCING DATA WERE ANALYSED UTILISING THE DMAP ANALYSIS PIPELINE TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED FRAGMENTS, AND THE METHYLKIT PIPELINE WAS USED TO QUANTIFY METHYLATION DIFFERENCES AT INDIVIDUAL CPG SITES. DMAP IDENTIFIED 76 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED FRAGMENTS AND METHYLKIT IDENTIFIED 394 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CYTOSINES THAT INCLUDED BOTH HYPER- AND HYPO-METHYLATION. FOUR CLUSTERS WERE IDENTIFIED WHERE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED DNA FRAGMENTS OVERLAPPED WITH OR WERE WITHIN CLOSE PROXIMITY TO MULTIPLE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED INDIVIDUAL CYTOSINES. THESE CLUSTERS IDENTIFIED REGULATORY REGIONS FOR 17 PROTEIN ENCODING GENES RELATED TO METABOLIC AND IMMUNE ACTIVITY. ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED GENE BODIES (EXONS/INTRONS) IDENTIFIED 122 UNIQUE GENES. COMPARISON WITH OTHER STUDIES ON PBMCS FROM ME/CFS PATIENTS AND CONTROLS WITH ARRAY TECHNOLOGY SHOWED 59% OF THE GENES IDENTIFIED IN THIS STUDY WERE ALSO FOUND IN ONE OR MORE OF THESE STUDIES. FUNCTIONAL PATHWAY ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS IDENTIFIED 30 ASSOCIATED PATHWAYS. THESE INCLUDED IMMUNE, METABOLIC AND NEUROLOGICAL-RELATED FUNCTIONS DIFFERENTIALLY REGULATED IN ME/CFS PATIENTS COMPARED TO THE MATCHED HEALTHY CONTROLS. CONCLUSIONS: MAJOR DIFFERENCES WERE IDENTIFIED IN THE DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS OF ME/CFS PATIENTS THAT CLEARLY DISTINGUISHED THEM FROM THE HEALTHY CONTROLS. OVER HALF FOUND IN GENE BODIES WITH RRBS IN THIS STUDY HAD BEEN IDENTIFIED IN OTHER ME/CFS STUDIES USING THE SAME CELLS BUT WITH ARRAY TECHNOLOGY. WITHIN THE ENRICHED FUNCTIONAL IMMUNE, METABOLIC AND NEUROLOGICAL PATHWAYS, A NUMBER OF ENRICHED NEUROTRANSMITTER AND NEUROPEPTIDE REACTOME PATHWAYS HIGHLIGHTED A DISTURBED NEUROLOGICAL PATHOPHYSIOLOGY WITHIN THE PATIENT GROUP.	2020	
                                                                                                      
16  3044  46 GENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS OF 5-HMC IN THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD OF SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS PATIENTS USING AN HMEDIP-CHIP. SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE) IS A CHRONIC, POTENTIALLY FATAL SYSTEMIC AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE CHARACTERIZED BY THE PRODUCTION OF AUTOANTIBODIES AGAINST A WIDE RANGE OF SELF-ANTIGENS. TO INVESTIGATE THE ROLE OF THE 5-HMC DNA MODIFICATION WITH REGARD TO THE ONSET OF SLE, WE COMPARED THE LEVELS 5-HMC BETWEEN SLE PATIENTS AND NORMAL CONTROLS. WHOLE BLOOD WAS OBTAINED FROM PATIENTS, AND GENOMIC DNA WAS EXTRACTED. USING THE HMEDIP-CHIP ANALYSIS AND VALIDATION BY QUANTITATIVE RT-PCR (RT-QPCR), WE IDENTIFIED THE DIFFERENTIALLY HYDROXYMETHYLATED REGIONS THAT ARE ASSOCIATED WITH SLE. THERE WERE 1,701 GENES WITH SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT 5-HMC LEVELS AT THE PROMOTER REGION IN THE SLE PATIENTS COMPARED WITH THE NORMAL CONTROLS. THE CPG ISLANDS OF 3,826 GENES SHOWED SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT 5-HMC LEVELS IN THE SLE PATIENTS COMPARED WITH THE NORMAL CONTROLS. OUT OF THE DIFFERENTIALLY HYDROXYMETHYLATED GENES, THREE WERE SELECTED FOR VALIDATION, INCLUDING TREX1, CDKN1A AND CDKN1B. THE HYDROXYMETHYLATION LEVELS OF THE THREE GENES WERE CONFIRMED BY RT-QPCR. THE RESULTS SUGGESTED THAT THERE WERE SIGNIFICANT ALTERATIONS OF 5-HMC IN SLE PATIENTS. THUS, THESE DIFFERENTIALLY HYDROXYMETHYLATED GENES MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF SLE. THESE FINDINGS SHOW THE SIGNIFICANCE OF 5-HMC AS A POTENTIAL BIOMARKER OR PROMISING TARGET FOR EPIGENETIC-BASED SLE THERAPIES.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
17  5553  43 ROLE OF EPIGENETICS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS WITH NASAL POLYPS. CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS (CRS) IS A HIGHLY PREVALENT DISEASE CHARACTERIZED BY MUCOSAL INFLAMMATION OF THE NOSE AND PARANASAL SINUSES. CRS CAN BE DIVIDED INTO TWO MAIN CATEGORIES, CRS WITH NASAL POLYPS (NPS; CRSWNP) AND CRS WITHOUT NPS (CRSSNP). ALTHOUGH THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CRS REMAINS UNCLEAR, DNA METHYLATION HAS BEEN IMPLICATED IN THE ETIOLOGY OF CRSWNP. THE AIM OF THE PRESENT STUDY WAS TO ELUCIDATE WHETHER DNA METHYLATION OF SPECIFIC GENES IS INVOLVED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NPS. IN TOTAL, 18 INDIVIDUALS WERE INCLUDED IN THE PRESENT STUDY, AND WERE DIVIDED INTO THREE GROUPS: CRSWNP (N=7), CRSSNP (N=7) AND HEALTHY CONTROLS (N=4). NP TISSUES WERE OBTAINED FROM THE SEVEN PATIENTS WITH CRSWNP AND BIOPSIES OF THE INFERIOR TURBINATE MUCOSA FROM ALL THREE GROUPS WERE USED AS CONTROLS. METHYLATED GENES DETECTED BY METHYL?CPG?BINDING DOMAIN SEQUENCING WERE VALIDATED BY METHYLATION?SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR), BISULFITE SEQUENCING, AND REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION?QUANTITATIVE PCR (RT?QPCR). METHYL?CPG?BINDING DOMAIN SEQUENCING IDENTIFIED 43,674 CPG ISLANDS IN 518 GENES. THE PROMOTOR REGIONS OF 10 AND 30 GENES WERE HYPERMETHYLATED AND HYPOMETHYLATED, RESPECTIVELY, IN NP SAMPLES COMPARED WITH CONTROLS. THE TOP FOUR GENES WITH ALTERED HYPOMETHYLATION IN NP TISSUES WERE, KERATIN 19 (KRT19), NUCLEAR RECEPTOR SUBFAMILY 2 GROUP F MEMBER 2 (NR2F2), A DISINTEGRIN?LIKE AND METALLOPEPTIDASE (REPROLYSIN TYPE) WITH THROMBOSPONDIN TYPE 1 MOTIF 1 (ADAMTS1) AND ZINC FINGER PROTEIN 222 (ZNF222). RT?QPCR DEMONSTRATED THAT THE EXPRESSION LEVELS OF KRT19, NR2F2 AND ADAMTS1 WERE SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED IN NP TISSUES; HOWEVER, THERE WAS NO DIFFERENCE IN THE LEVELS OF ZNF222 BETWEEN NP AND CONTROL TISSUES. FURTHER STUDIES ARE REQUIRED TO CONFIRM THE RELEVANCE OF THESE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN THE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING NP FORMATION.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
18  1910  43 ENRICHMENT OF GENOMIC PATHWAYS BASED ON DIFFERENTIAL DNA METHYLATION PROFILES ASSOCIATED WITH KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS PAIN. OUR STUDY AIMED TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS (I.E., GENOMIC REGION WHERE MULTIPLE ADJACENT CPG SITES SHOW DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION) AND THEIR ENRICHED GENOMIC PATHWAYS ASSOCIATED WITH KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS PAIN (KOA). WE RECRUITED COGNITIVELY HEALTHY MIDDLE TO OLDER AGED (AGE 45-85) ADULTS WITH (N = 182) AND WITHOUT (N = 31) SELF-REPORTED KOA PAIN. WE ALSO EXTRACTED DNA FROM PERIPHERAL BLOOD THAT WAS ANALYZED USING METHYLATIONEPIC ARRAYS. THE R PACKAGE MINFI (ARYEE ET AL., 2014) WAS USED TO PERFORM METHYLATION DATA PREPROCESSING AND QUALITY CONTROL. TO INVESTIGATE BIOLOGICAL PATHWAYS IMPACTED BY DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION, WE PERFORMED PATHWAY ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS USING INGENUITY PATHWAY ANALYSIS (IPA) TO IDENTIFY CANONICAL PATHWAYS AND UPSTREAM REGULATORS. ANNOTATED GENES WITHIN +/- 5 KB OF THE PUTATIVE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS (DMRS, P < 0.05) WERE SUBJECTED TO THE IPA ANALYSIS. THERE WAS NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE IN AGE, SEX, STUDY SITE BETWEEN NO PAIN AND PAIN GROUP (P > 0.05). NON-HISPANIC BLACK INDIVIDUALS WERE OVERREPRESENTED IN THE PAIN GROUP (P = 0.003). AT RAW P < 0.05 CUTOFF, WE IDENTIFIED A TOTAL OF 19,710 CPG PROBES, INCLUDING 13,951 HYPERMETHYLATED CPG PROBES, FOR WHICH DNA METHYLATION LEVEL WAS HIGHER IN THE GROUPS WITH HIGHEST PAIN GRADES. WE ALSO IDENTIFIED 5,759 HYPOMETHYLATED CPG PROBES FOR WHICH DNA METHYLATION LEVEL WAS LOWER IN THE PAIN GROUPS WITH HIGHER PAIN GRADES. IPA REVEALED THAT PAIN-RELATED DMRS WERE ENRICHED ACROSS MULTIPLE PATHWAYS AND UPSTREAM REGULATORS. THE TOP 10 CANONICAL PATHWAYS WERE LINKED TO CELLULAR SIGNALING PROCESSES RELATED TO IMMUNE RESPONSES (I.E., ANTIGEN PRESENTATION, PD-1, PD-L1 CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY, B CELL DEVELOPMENT, IL-4 SIGNALING, TH1 AND TH2 ACTIVATION PATHWAY, AND PHAGOSOME MATURATION). MOREOVER, IN TERMS OF UPSTREAM REGULATORS, NDUFAF3 WAS THE MOST SIGNIFICANT (P = 8.6E-04) UPSTREAM REGULATOR. OUR FINDINGS SUPPORT PREVIOUS PRELIMINARY WORK SUGGESTING THE IMPORTANCE OF EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM IN KNEE PAIN AND THE NEED FOR FUTURE WORK TO UNDERSTAND THE EPIGENETIC CONTRIBUTIONS TO CHRONIC PAIN.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
19  4555  33 MUTATIONAL SPECTRUM ANALYSIS OF CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA INCLUDES GENES ASSOCIATED WITH EPIGENETIC REGULATION: UTX, EZH2, AND DNMT3A. CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CMML), A MYELODYSPLASTIC/MYELOPROLIFERATIVE NEOPLASM, IS CHARACTERIZED BY MONOCYTIC PROLIFERATION, DYSPLASIA, AND PROGRESSION TO ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA. CMML HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH SOMATIC MUTATIONS IN DIVERSE RECENTLY IDENTIFIED GENES. WE ANALYZED 72 WELL-CHARACTERIZED PATIENTS WITH CMML (N = 52) AND CMML-DERIVED ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA (N = 20) FOR RECURRENT CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES WITH THE USE OF ROUTINE CYTOGENETICS AND SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM ARRAYS ALONG WITH COMPREHENSIVE MUTATIONAL SCREENING. CYTOGENETIC ABERRATIONS WERE PRESENT IN 46% OF CASES, WHEREAS SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM ARRAY INCREASED THE DIAGNOSTIC YIELD TO 60%. AT LEAST 1 MUTATION WAS FOUND IN 86% OF ALL CASES; NOVEL UTX, DNMT3A, AND EZH2 MUTATIONS WERE FOUND IN 8%, 10%, AND 5.5% OF PATIENTS, RESPECTIVELY. TET2 MUTATIONS WERE PRESENT IN 49%, ASXL1 IN 43%, CBL IN 14%, IDH1/2 IN 4%, KRAS IN 7%, NRAS IN 4%, AND JAK2 V617F IN 1% OF PATIENTS. VARIOUS MUTANT GENOTYPE COMBINATIONS WERE OBSERVED, INDICATING MOLECULAR HETEROGENEITY IN CMML. OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT MOLECULAR DEFECTS AFFECTING DISTINCT PATHWAYS CAN LEAD TO SIMILAR CLINICAL PHENOTYPES.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
20  3070  37 GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION PROFILING IN CD8 T-CELLS AND GAMMA DELTA T-CELLS OF ASIAN INDIAN PATIENTS WITH TAKAYASU ARTERITIS. BACKGROUND: TAKAYASU'S ARTERITIS (TA) IS A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE THAT AFFECTS AORTA AND ITS MAIN BRANCHES AT THEIR ORIGIN. GENETIC, PATHOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT CD8 AND GAMMA DELTA (GAMMA/DELTA) T-LYMPHOCYTES ARE INVOLVED IN INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES IN AFFECTED REGIONS OF ARTERIES CAUSING VASCULAR DAMAGE. THE MOLECULAR FUNCTION OF THESE LYMPHOCYTES REMAINS UNCLEAR AND CURRENTLY NO EPIGENETIC STUDIES ARE AVAILABLE IN TA. WE PRIMARILY PERFORMED GENOME WIDE METHYLATION ANALYSIS IN CD8 T CELLS AND GAMMADELTA T CELLS OF PATIENTS WITH TA AND COMPARED WITH HEALTHY CONTROLS. METHODS: WE RECRUITED 12 SUBJECTS IN EACH GROUP NAMELY TA PATIENT AND HEALTHY CONTROLS. BLOOD SAMPLES WERE COLLECTED AFTER OBTAINING INFORMED WRITTEN CONSENT. CD8 T CELLS AND GAMMADELTA T CELLS WERE SEPARATED FROM WHOLE BLOOD. DNA EXTRACTED FROM THESE CELLS AND WERE SUBJECTED TO BISULFITE TREATMENT. FINALLY, BISULFITE TREATED DNA WAS LOADED IN INFINIUM METHYLATION EPIC ARRAY. BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSIS WAS USED TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION REGIONS WHICH WERE THEN MAPPED TO GENES. RESULTS: INTERLEUKIN (IL)-32 AND LYMPHOTOXIN-A WERE GENES SIGNIFICANTLY HYPOMETHYLATED IN CD8 T-CELLS. ANTI-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE GENES, IL-10, IL-1RN AND IL-27 WERE HYPOMETHYLATED IN GAMMADELTA T CELLS OF TA PATIENTS AS COMPARED TO HEALTHY CONTROLS. GENE ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS USING GENE ONTOLOGY (GO) DATABASE AND KYOTO ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF GENES AND GENOMES (KEGG) IDENTIFIED THAT GENES INVOLVED IN T-CELL RECEPTOR SIGNALLING PATHWAYS WERE HYPOMETHYLATED IN CD8 T-CELLS AND HYPERMETHYLATED IN GAMMADELTA T CELLS OF TA PATIENTS. CONCLUSION: CD8 T-CELLS MIGHT PLAY A MAJOR ROLE IN IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS OF INFLAMMATION IN TA, WHEREAS GAMMADELTA T CELLS MAY PLAY A REGULATORY ROLE.	2022