1  6046 104 THE COMPOSITE ALLIANCE OF FTO LOCUS WITH OBESITY-RELATED GENETIC VARIANTS. OBESITY HAS BECOME A GENUINE GLOBAL PANDEMIC DUE TO LIFESTYLE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MODIFICATIONS, AND IS ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC LETHAL COMORBIDITIES. VARIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS SUCH AS LACK OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY DUE TO MODERNIZATION AND HIGHER INTAKE OF ENERGY-RICH DIETS ARE PRIMARY OBESOGENIC FACTORS IN PATHOGENESIS OF OBESITY. GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY HAS IDENTIFIED THE CRUCIAL ROLE OF FTO (FAT MASS AND OBESITY) IN HUMAN OBESITY. A BUNCH OF SNPS IN THE FIRST INTRON OF FTO HAS BEEN IDENTIFIED AND SUBSEQUENTLY CORRELATED TO BODY MASS INDEX AND BODY COMPOSITION. FINDINGS OF IN SILICO, IN VITRO, AND IN VIVO STUDIES HAVE MANIFESTED THE ROBUST ROLE OF FTO IN REGULATION OF ENERGY EXPENDITURE AND FOOD CONSUMPTION. NUMEROUS STUDIES HAVE HIGHLIGHTED THE MECHANISTIC PATHWAYS BEHIND THE CONCOMITANT FUNCTIONS OF FTO IN ADIPOGENESIS AND BODY SIZE. CURRENT INVESTIGATION HAS ALSO REVEALED THE LINK OF FTO NEIGHBOURING GENES I.E., RPGRIP1L, IRX3 AND IRX5 AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS WITH OBESITY PHENOTYPES. THE MOTIVE BEHIND THIS REVIEW IS TO CITE THE CONSEQUENCES OF FTO ON OBESITY VULNERABILITY.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
2  6235  21 THE M(6)A DEMETHYLASE FTO PROMOTES RENAL EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION BY REDUCING THE M(6)A MODIFICATION OF LNCRNA GAS5. BACKGROUND: RENAL INTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS (RIF) IS THE MAIN PATHOLOGICAL CHANGE OF A VARIETY OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASES (CKD). EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS OF FIBROSIS-PRONE GENES REGULATE RIF PROGRESSION. THIS STUDY AIMED TO INVESTIGATE LONG NON-CODING RNA (LNCRNA) N6-METHYLADENOSINE (M(6)A) MODIFICATION AND ITS ROLE IN REGULATING RIF PROGRESSION. METHODS: UNILATERAL URETERAL OCCLUSION (UUO) WAS EMPLOYED TO CONSTRUCT THE RIF IN VIVO MODEL; AND TGF-BETA1-TREATED HK-2 AND HKC-8 CELLS WERE USED FOR IN VITRO EXPERIMENTS. THE MRNA AND PROTEIN EXPRESSIONS WERE ASSESSED USING QRT-PCR AND WESTERN BLOT. THE PROLIFERATION AND MIGRATION WERE EVALUATED BY EDU ASSAY AND TRANSWELL ASSAY, RESPECTIVELY. IN ADDITION, LEVELS OF INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES WERE DETERMINED BY ELISA ASSAY AND QRT-PCR. MOREOVER, LNCRNA GAS5 M(6)A LEVEL WAS DETECTED USING ME-RIP ASSAY. HE AND MASSON STAINING WERE EMPLOYED TO EVALUATE FIBROTIC LESIONS OF THE KIDNEY. RESULTS: FTO EXPRESSION WAS ELEVATED IN HK-2 AND HKC-8 CELLS AFTER TGF-BETA1 TREATMENT AND MOUSE KIDNEY TISSUE FOLLOWING UUO, AND LNCRNA GAS5 WAS DOWNREGULATED. LNCRNA GAS5 OVEREXPRESSION OR FTO SILENCING SUPPRESSED TGF-BETA1-INDUCED THE INCREASE OF EMT-RELATED PROTEINS (VIMENTIN, SNAIL AND N-CADHERIN) AND INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES (IL-6, IL-1BETA AND TNF-ALPHA) LEVELS IN HK-2 CELLS. FTO SUPPRESSED LNCRNA GAS5 EXPRESSION BY REDUCING THE M6A MODIFICATION OF LNCRNA GAS5. ADDITIONALLY, FTO KNOCKDOWN COULD SUPPRESS EMT PROCESS AND INFLAMMATION RESPONSE INDUCED BY TGF-BETA1 AND UUO IN VITRO AND IN VIVO. AS EXPECTED, FTO KNOCKDOWN ABROGATED THE PROMOTION EFFECTS OF LNCRNA GAS5 SILENCING ON TGF-BETA1-INDUCED EMT PROCESS AND INFLAMMATION RESPONSE IN HK-2 AND HKC-8 CELLS. CONCLUSION: FTO PROMOTED EMT PROCESS AND INFLAMMATION RESPONSE THROUGH REDUCING THE M(6)A MODIFICATION OF LNCRNA GAS5.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
3  4034  21 M6A METHYLATION PROMOTES WHITE-TO-BEIGE FAT TRANSITION BY FACILITATING HIF1A TRANSLATION. OBESITY MAINLY RESULTS FROM A CHRONIC ENERGY IMBALANCE. PROMOTING BROWNING OF WHITE ADIPOCYTES IS A PROMISING STRATEGY TO ENHANCE ENERGY EXPENDITURE AND COMBAT OBESITY. N6-METHYLADENOSINE (M6A), THE MOST ABUNDANT MRNA MODIFICATION IN EUKARYOTES, PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN REGULATING ADIPOGENESIS. HOWEVER, WHETHER M6A REGULATES WHITE ADIPOCYTE BROWNING WAS UNKNOWN. HERE, WE REPORT THAT ADIPOSE TISSUE-SPECIFIC DELETION OF FTO, AN M6A DEMETHYLASE, PREDISPOSES MICE TO PREVENT HIGH-FAT DIET (HFD)-INDUCED OBESITY BY ENHANCING ENERGY EXPENDITURE. ADDITIONALLY, DELETION OF FTO IN VITRO PROMOTES THERMOGENESIS AND WHITE-TO-BEIGE ADIPOCYTE TRANSITION. MECHANISTICALLY, FTO DEFICIENCY INCREASES THE M6A LEVEL OF HIF1A MRNA, WHICH IS RECOGNIZED BY M6A-BINDING PROTEIN YTHDC2, FACILITATING MRNA TRANSLATION AND INCREASING HIF1A PROTEIN ABUNDANCE. HIF1A ACTIVATES THE TRANSCRIPTION OF THERMOGENIC GENES, INCLUDING PPAGGC1A, PRDM16, AND PPARG, THEREBY PROMOTING UCP1 EXPRESSION AND THE BROWNING PROCESS. COLLECTIVELY, THESE RESULTS UNVEIL AN EPIGENETIC MECHANISM BY WHICH M6A-FACILITATED HIF1A EXPRESSION CONTROLS BROWNING OF WHITE ADIPOCYTES AND THERMOGENESIS, PROVIDING A POTENTIAL TARGET TO COUNTERACT OBESITY AND METABOLIC DISEASE.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
4  4367  31 MIRNA-BASED "FITNESS SCORE" TO ASSESS THE INDIVIDUAL RESPONSE TO DIET, METABOLISM, AND EXERCISE. BACKGROUND: REGULAR, ESPECIALLY SUSTAINED EXERCISE PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF MULTIPLE CHRONIC DISEASES. SOME OF THE UNDERLYING MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MECHANISMS BEHIND THE ADAPTIVE RESPONSE TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ARE STILL UNCLEAR, BUT RECENT FINDINGS SUGGEST A POSSIBLE ROLE OF EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS, ESPECIALLY MIRNAS, IN THE PROGRESSION AND MANAGEMENT OF EXERCISE-RELATED CHANGES. DUE TO THE COMBINATION OF THE ANALYSIS OF EPIGENETIC BIOMARKERS (MIRNAS), THE INTAKE OF FOOD AND SUPPLEMENTS, AND GENETIC DISPOSITIONS, A "FITNESS SCORE" WAS EVALUATED TO ASSESS THE INDIVIDUAL RESPONSE TO NUTRITION, EXERCISE, AND METABOLIC INFLUENCE. METHODS: IN RESPONSE TO A 12-WEEK SPORTS INTERVENTION, WE ANALYZED GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC BIOMARKERS IN CAPILLARY BLOOD FROM 61 SEDENTARY, HEALTHY PARTICIPANTS (66.1% FEMALES, 33.9% MALES, MEAN AGE 33 YEARS), INCLUDING LINE-1 METHYLATION, THREE SNPS, AND TEN MIRNAS USING HRM AND QPCR ANALYSIS. THESE BIOMARKERS WERE ALSO ANALYZED IN A HEALTHY, AGE- AND SEX-MATCHED CONTROL GROUP (N, 20) WITHOUT INTERVENTION. FOOD FREQUENCY INTAKE, INCLUDING DIETARY SUPPLEMENT INTAKE, AND GENERAL HEALTH QUESTIONNAIRES WERE SURVEYED UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF TRAINED STAFF. RESULTS: EXERCISE TRAINING DECREASED THE EXPRESSION OF MIR-20A-5P, -22-5P, AND -505-3P (P < 0.02) AND IMPROVED THE "FITNESS SCORE," WHICH ESTIMATES EIGHT DIFFERENT LIFESTYLE FACTORS TO ASSESS, NUTRITION, INFLAMMATION, CARDIOVASCULAR FITNESS, INJURY RISK, REGENERATION, MUSCLE AND HYDRATION STATUS, AS WELL AS STRESS LEVEL. IN ADDITION, WE WERE ABLE TO DETERMINE CORRELATIONS BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL MIRNAS, MIR-20A-5P, -22-5P, AND -101-3P (P < 0.04), AND THE GENETIC PREDISPOSITION FOR ENDURANCE AND/OR STRENGTH AND OBESITY RISK (ACE, ACTN3, AND FTO), AS WELL AS BETWEEN MIRNAS AND THE BODY COMPOSITION (P < 0.05). MIR-19B-3P AND -101-3P CORRELATED WITH THE INTAKE OF B VITAMINS. FURTHER, MIR-19B-3P CORRELATED WITH MAGNESIUM AND MIR-378A-3P WITH IRON INTAKE (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: IN SUMMARY, OUR RESULTS INDICATE THAT A COMBINED ANALYSIS OF SEVERAL BIOMARKERS (MIRNAS) CAN PROVIDE INFORMATION ABOUT AN INDIVIDUAL'S TRAINING ADAPTIONS/FITNESS, BODY COMPOSITION, NUTRITIONAL NEEDS, AND POSSIBLE RECOVERY. IN CONTRAST TO MOST STUDIES USING MUSCLE BIOPSIES, WE WERE ABLE TO SHOW THAT THESE BIOMARKERS CAN ALSO BE MEASURED USING A MINIMALLY INVASIVE METHOD.	2022	

5  3036  25 GENISTEIN AMELIORATES RENAL FIBROSIS THROUGH REGULATION SNAIL VIA M6A RNA DEMETHYLASE ALKBH5. RENAL TUBULE-INTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS IS RELATED TO CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PROGRESSION AND A TYPICAL FEATURE OF THE AGING KIDNEY. EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS OF FIBROSIS-PRONE GENES REGULATE THE DEVELOPMENT OF RENAL FIBROSIS. AS A KIND OF "EPIGENETIC DIET", SOY ISOFLAVONE GENISTEIN WAS REPORTED TO HAVE RENAL PROTECTIVE ACTION AND EPIGENETIC-MODULATING EFFECTS. HOWEVER, ITS RENAL PROTECTION ROLE AND UNDERLYING MECHANISMS ARE YET TO BE FULLY CLARIFIED. HEREIN, WE SHOWED THAT GENISTEIN EXHIBITS A DEMONSTRABLE ANTI-FIBROTIC EFFECT ON KIDNEY IN VIVO UUO (UNILATERAL URETERAL OCCLUSION) MODEL AND RENAL EPITHELIAL CELLS IN VITRO MODEL. THE MECHANISM IS STRONGLY ASSOCIATED WITH EPITHELIAL-TO-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION AND M6A RNA DEMETHYLASE ALKBH5. MOUSE FIBROTIC KIDNEYS INDUCED BY UUO EXHIBITED ADVERSE EXPRESSION OF RENAL FIBROSIS-RELATED PROTEINS AND SIGNIFICANT INCREASES IN THE TOTAL M6A LEVEL. AS AN ERASER, ALKBH5 SHOWED SEVERER SUPPRESSION IN THE RENAL FIBROSIS PROCESS. HOWEVER, GENISTEIN PRETREATMENT RESTORED ALKBH5 LOSS REMARKABLY AND REDUCED RENAL FIBROSIS, ABNORMAL PROTEIN, AND INFLAMMATORY MARKERS. THE EXAMINATION OF POSSIBLE MECHANISMS REVEALED THAT GENISTEIN PROMOTED ALKBH5 AND MAYBE INDUCED THE LEVEL OF MRNA M6A METHYLATION IN SOME EPITHELIAL-TO-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION-RELATED TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS. WE FOUND SNAIL WAS THE CRITICAL REGULATOR AND CRITICAL FOR THE PROTECTIVE ROLE OF GENISTEIN. TO VERIFY THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ALKBH5 AND SNAIL, WE GENERATED KNOCKDOWN AND OVEREXPRESSION OF ALKBH5 CELLS IN VITRO. ALKBH5 KNOCKDOWN ENHANCED THE MESENCHYMAL PHENOTYPE MARKER ALPHA-SMOOTH MUSCLE ACTIN AND SNAIL EXPRESSION. IN AGREEMENT, OVEREXPRESSION ALKBH5 INCREASED EPITHELIAL ADHESION MOLECULE E-CADHERIN AND REDUCED SNAIL EXPRESSION. IN CONCLUSION, GENISTEIN INCREASED RENAL ALKBH5 EXPRESSION IN UUO-INDUCED RENAL FIBROSIS AND REDUCED RNA M6A LEVELS AND AMELIORATES RENAL DAMAGES.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
6  4260  24 METTL3-MEDIATED M6A MODIFICATION OF SIRT1 MRNA INHIBITS PROGRESSION OF ENDOMETRIOSIS BY CELLULAR SENESCENCE ENHANCING. BACKGROUND: ENDOMETRIOSIS (EMS), THE ECTOPIC PLANTING OF FUNCTIONAL ENDOMETRIUM OUTSIDE OF THE UTERUS, IS A LEADING CAUSE OF INFERTILITY AND PELVIC PAIN. AS A FUNDAMENTAL MRNA MODIFICATION, N6-METHYLADENOSINE (M6A) PARTICIPATES IN VARIOUS PATHOLOGICAL PROCESSES. HOWEVER, THE ROLE OF M6A RNA MODIFICATION IN ENDOMETRIOSIS REMAINS UNCLEAR. THE PRESENT STUDY EXPLORES METTL3-MEDIATED M6A MODIFICATION AND THE MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN ENDOMETRIOSIS. METHODS: THE DOMINANT M6A REGULATORS IN EMS WERE ANALYSED USING RT?PCR. CANDIDATE TARGETS AND POSSIBLE MECHANISMS OF METTL3 WERE ASSESSED BY M6A-MRNA EPITRANSCRIPTOMIC MICROARRAY AND RNA SEQUENCING. A PRIMARY ESCS MODEL WAS EMPLOYED TO VERIFY THE EFFECT OF METTL3 ON M6A MODIFICATION OF SIRT1 MRNA, AND THE MECHANISM WAS ELUCIDATED BY RT?PCR, WESTERN BLOTTING, MERIP, AND RIP ASSAYS. CCK-8 VIABILITY ASSAYS, TRANSWELL INVASION ASSAYS, EDU PROLIFERATION ASSAYS, WOUND HEALING MIGRATION ASSAYS, AND SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED BETA-GALACTOSIDASE STAINING WERE PERFORMED TO ILLUMINATE THE POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL MECHANISM OF METTL3 AND SIRT1 IN ESCS IN VITRO. AN IN VIVO PGRCRE/ + METTL3 -/- FEMALE HOMOZYGOUS MOUSE MODEL AND A NUDE MOUSE XENOGRAFT MODEL WERE EMPLOYED TO FURTHER INVESTIGATE THE PHYSIOLOGIC CONSEQUENCES OF METTL3-MEDIATED M6A ALTERATION ON EMS. RESULTS: OUR DATA SHOW THAT DECREASED METTL3 EXPRESSION SIGNIFICANTLY DOWNREGULATES M6A RNA METHYLATION LEVELS IN ESCS. SILENCING M6A MODIFICATIONS MEDIATED BY METTL3 ACCELERATES ESCS VIABILITY, PROLIFERATION, MIGRATION, AND INVASION IN VITRO. THE M6A READER PROTEIN YTHDF2 BINDS TO M6A MODIFICATIONS TO INDUCE THE DEGRADATION OF SIRT1 MRNA. SIRT1/FOXO3A SIGNALLING PATHWAY ACTIVATION IS SUBSEQUENTLY INHIBITED, PROMOTING THE CELLULAR SENESCENCE OF ESCS AND INHIBITING THE ECTOPIC IMPLANTATION OF ESCS IN VITRO AND IN VIVO. CONCLUSIONS: OUR FINDINGS DEMONSTRATE THAT METTL3-MEDIATED M6A METHYLATION EPIGENETICALLY REGULATES THE ECTOPIC IMPLANTATION OF ESCS, RESULTING IN THE PROGRESSION OF ENDOMETRIOSIS. OUR STUDY ESTABLISHES METTL3-YTHDF2-SIRT1/FOXO3A AS A CRITICAL AXIS AND POTENTIAL MECHANISM IN ENDOMETRIOSIS.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
7   666  37 BLOOD-BASED DNA METHYLATION BIOMARKERS FOR TYPE 2 DIABETES: POTENTIAL FOR CLINICAL APPLICATIONS. TYPE 2 DIABETES (T2D) IS A LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH AND DISABILITY WORLDWIDE. IT IS A CHRONIC METABOLIC DISORDER THAT DEVELOPS DUE TO AN INTERPLAY OF GENETIC, LIFESTYLE, AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS. THE BIOLOGICAL ONSET OF THE DISEASE OCCURS LONG BEFORE CLINICAL SYMPTOMS DEVELOP, THUS THE SEARCH FOR EARLY DIAGNOSTIC AND PROGNOSTIC BIOMARKERS, WHICH COULD FACILITATE INTERVENTION STRATEGIES TO PREVENT OR DELAY DISEASE PROGRESSION, HAS INCREASED CONSIDERABLY IN RECENT YEARS. EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS REPRESENT IMPORTANT LINKS BETWEEN GENETIC, ENVIRONMENTAL AND LIFESTYLE CUES AND INCREASING EVIDENCE IMPLICATE ALTERED EPIGENETIC MARKS SUCH AS DNA METHYLATION, THE MOST CHARACTERIZED AND WIDELY STUDIED EPIGENETIC MECHANISM, IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF T2D. THIS REVIEW PROVIDES AN UPDATE OF THE CURRENT STATUS OF DNA METHYLATION AS A BIOMARKER FOR T2D. FOUR DATABASES, SCOPUS, PUBMED, COCHRANE CENTRAL, AND GOOGLE SCHOLAR WERE SEARCHED FOR STUDIES INVESTIGATING DNA METHYLATION IN BLOOD. THIRTY-SEVEN STUDIES WERE IDENTIFIED, AND ARE SUMMARIZED WITH RESPECT TO POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS, BIOLOGICAL SOURCE, AND METHOD OF DNA METHYLATION QUANTIFICATION (GLOBAL, CANDIDATE GENE OR GENOME-WIDE). WE HIGHLIGHT THAT DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION OF THE TCF7L2, KCNQ1, ABCG1, TXNIP, PHOSPHO1, SREBF1, SLC30A8, AND FTO GENES IN BLOOD ARE REPRODUCIBLY ASSOCIATED WITH T2D IN DIFFERENT POPULATION GROUPS. THESE GENES SHOULD BE PRIORITIZED AND REPLICATED IN LONGITUDINAL STUDIES ACROSS MORE POPULATIONS IN FUTURE STUDIES. FINALLY, WE DISCUSS THE LIMITATIONS FACED BY DNA METHYLATION STUDIES, WHICH INCLUDE INCLUDING INTERPATIENT VARIABILITY, CELLULAR HETEROGENEITY, AND LACK OF ACCOUNTING FOR STUDY CONFOUNDERS. THESE LIMITATIONS AND CHALLENGES MUST BE OVERCOME BEFORE THE IMPLEMENTATION OF BLOOD-BASED DNA METHYLATION BIOMARKERS INTO A CLINICAL SETTING. WE EMPHASIZE THE NEED FOR LONGITUDINAL PROSPECTIVE STUDIES TO SUPPORT THE ROBUSTNESS OF THE CURRENT FINDINGS OF THIS REVIEW.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
8  4583  20 N6-METHYLADENINE RNA METHYLATION EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION AND KIDNEY DISEASES. RNA METHYLATION MODIFICATION IS A RAPIDLY DEVELOPING FIELD IN EPIGENETICS. N6-METHYLADENSINE (M(6)A) IS THE MOST COMMON INTERNAL MODIFICATION IN EUKARYOTIC MRNA. M(6)A GROUP REGULATES RNA SPLICING, STABILITY, TRANSLOCATION, AND TRANSLATION. ENZYMES CATALYZING THIS PROCESS WERE TERMED AS WRITERS, ERASERS, AND READERS. RECENT STUDIES HAVE FOCUSED ON EXPLORING THE ROLE OF RNA METHYLATION IN HUMAN DISEASES. RNA METHYLATION MODIFICATIONS, PARTICULARLY M(6)A, PLAY IMPORTANT ROLES IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF KIDNEY DISEASES. IN THIS REVIEW, WE PROVIDE A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF M(6)A AND SUMMARIZE THE IMPACT OF M(6)A ON ACUTE AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD) AND POSSIBLE FUTURE STUDY DIRECTIONS FOR THIS RESEARCH.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
9  4346  24 MIR-10A, MIR-15A, LET-7A, AND LET-7G EXPRESSION AS STRESS-RELEVANT BIOMARKERS TO ASSESS ACUTE OR CHRONIC PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS AND MENTAL HEALTH IN HUMAN CAPILLARY BLOOD. BACKGROUND: PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS, AS AN IMPORTANT COFACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MANY ACUTE AND CHRONIC DISEASES, IS CRUCIAL FOR GENERAL HEALTH OR WELL-BEING, AND IMPROVED MARKERS ARE NEEDED TO DISTINGUISH SITUATIONS OF PROGRESSIVE PATHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT, SUCH AS DEPRESSION, ANXIETY, OR BURNOUT, TO BE RECOGNIZED AT AN EARLY STAGE. EPIGENETIC BIOMARKERS PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE EARLY DETECTION AND TREATMENT OF COMPLEX DISEASES SUCH AS CANCER, AND METABOLIC OR MENTAL DISORDERS. THEREFORE, THIS STUDY AIMED TO IDENTIFY SO-CALLED MIRNAS, WHICH WOULD BE SUITABLE AS STRESS-RELATED BIOMARKERS. METHODS AND RESULTS: IN THIS STUDY, 173 PARTICIPANTS (36.4% MALES, AND 63.6% FEMALES) WERE INTERVIEWED ABOUT STRESS, STRESS-RELATED DISEASES, LIFESTYLE, AND DIET TO ASSESS THEIR ACUTE AND CHRONIC PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS STATUS. USING QPCR ANALYSIS, 13 DIFFERENT MIRNAS (MIR-10A-5P, MIR-15A-5P, MIR-16-5P, MIR-19B-3P, MIR-26B-5P, MIR-29C-3P, MIR-106B-5P, MIR-126-3P, MIR-142-3P, LET-7A-5P, LET-7G-5P, MIR-21-5P, AND MIR-877-5P) WERE ANALYZED IN DRIED CAPILLARY BLOOD SAMPLES. FOUR MIRNAS WERE IDENTIFIED, MIR-10A-5P, MIR-15A-5P, LET-7A-5P, AND LET-7G-5P (P < 0.05), WHICH COULD BE USED AS POSSIBLE CANDIDATES FOR MEASURING PATHOLOGICAL FORMS OF ACUTE OR CHRONIC STRESS. LET-7A-5P, LET-7G-5P, AND MIR-15A-5P (P < 0.05) WERE ALSO SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER IN SUBJECTS WITH AT LEAST ONE STRESS-RELATED DISEASE. FURTHER, CORRELATIONS WERE IDENTIFIED BETWEEN LET-7A-5P AND MEAT CONSUMPTION (P < 0.05) AND BETWEEN MIR-15A-5P AND COFFEE CONSUMPTION (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: THE EXAMINATION OF THESE FOUR MIRNAS AS BIOMARKERS USING A MINIMALLY INVASIVE METHOD OFFERS THE POSSIBILITY OF DETECTING HEALTH PROBLEMS AT AN EARLY STAGE AND COUNTERACTING THEM TO MAINTAIN GENERAL AND MENTAL HEALTH.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
10  6291  32 THE POTENTIAL TO FIGHT OBESITY WITH ADIPOGENESIS MODULATING COMPOUNDS. OBESITY IS AN INCREASINGLY SEVERE PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM, WHICH BRINGS HUGE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC BURDENS. INCREASED BODY ADIPOSITY IN OBESITY IS NOT ONLY TIGHTLY ASSOCIATED WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES, BUT ALSO SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASES THE RISKS OF OTHER CHRONIC DISEASES INCLUDING CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, FATTY LIVER DISEASES AND CANCERS. ADIPOGENESIS DESCRIBES THE PROCESS OF THE DIFFERENTIATION AND MATURATION OF ADIPOCYTES, WHICH ACCUMULATE IN DISTRIBUTED ADIPOSE TISSUE AT VARIOUS SITES IN THE BODY. THE MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF WHITE ADIPOCYTES ARE TO STORE ENERGY AS FAT DURING PERIODS WHEN ENERGY INTAKE EXCEEDS EXPENDITURE AND TO MOBILIZE THIS STORED FUEL WHEN ENERGY EXPENDITURE EXCEEDS INTAKE. BROWN/BEIGE ADIPOCYTES CONTRIBUTE TO NON-SHIVERING THERMOGENESIS UPON COLD EXPOSURE AND ADRENERGIC STIMULATION, AND THEREBY PROMOTE ENERGY CONSUMPTION. THE IMBALANCE OF ENERGY INTAKE AND EXPENDITURE CAUSES OBESITY. RECENT INTEREST IN EPIGENETICS AND SIGNALING PATHWAYS HAS UTILIZED SMALL MOLECULE TOOLS AIMED AT MODIFYING OBESITY-SPECIFIC GENE EXPRESSION. IN THIS REVIEW, WE DISCUSS COMPOUNDS WITH ADIPOGENESIS-RELATED SIGNALING PATHWAYS AND EPIGENETIC MODULATING PROPERTIES THAT HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED AS POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC AGENTS WHICH CAST SOME LIGHT ON THE FUTURE TREATMENT OF OBESITY.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
11  5733  17 SMALL MOLECULES AGAINST THE ORIGIN AND ACTIVATION OF MYOFIBROBLAST FOR RENAL INTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS THERAPY. RENAL INTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS (RIF) IS A COMMON PATHOLOGICAL RESPONSE IN A BROAD RANGE OF PREVALENT CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASES AND ULTIMATELY LEADS TO RENAL FAILURE AND DEATH. ALTHOUGH RIF CAUSES A HIGH MORBI-MORTALITY WORLDWIDE, EFFECTIVE THERAPEUTIC DRUGS ARE URGENTLY NEEDED. MYOFIBROBLASTS ARE IDENTIFIED AS THE MAIN EFFECTOR DURING THE PROCESS OF RIF. MULTIPLE TYPES OF CELLS, INCLUDING FIBROBLASTS, EPITHELIAL CELLS, ENDOTHELIAL CELLS, MACROPHAGES AND PERICYTES, CONTRIBUTE TO RENAL MYOFIBROBLASTS ORIGIN, AND LOTS OF MEDIATORS, INCLUDING SIGNALING PATHWAYS (TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-BETA1, MAMMALIAN TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN AND REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES) AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS (HISTONE ACETYLATION, MICRORNA AND LONG NON-CODING RNA) ARE PARTICIPATED IN RENAL MYOFIBROBLASTS ACTIVATION DURING RENAL FIBROGENESIS, SUGGESTING THAT THESE MEDIATORS MAY BE THE PROMISING TARGETS FOR TREATING RIF. IN ADDITION, MANY SMALL MOLECULES SHOW PROFOUND THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS ON RIF BY SUPPRESSING THE ORIGIN AND ACTIVATION OF RENAL MYOFIBROBLASTS. TAKEN TOGETHER, THE REVIEW FOCUSES ON THE MECHANISMS OF THE ORIGIN AND ACTIVATION OF RENAL MYOFIBROBLASTS IN RIF AND THE SMALL MOLECULES AGAINST THEM IMPROVING RIF, WHICH WILL PROVIDE A NEW INSIGHT FOR RIF THERAPY.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
12  1720  23 DYSREGULATED N6-METHYLADENOSINE (M(6)A) PROCESSING IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA. N6-METHYLADENOSINE (M(6)A) IS THE MOST THOROUGHLY STUDIED TYPE OF INTERNAL RNA MODIFICATION, AS THIS EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION IS THE MOST ABUNDANT IN EUKARYOTIC RNAS TO DATE. THIS MODIFICATION OCCURS IN VARIOUS TYPES OF RNAS AND PLAYS SIGNIFICANT ROLES IN DOMINANT RNA-RELATED PROCESSES, SUCH AS TRANSLATION, SPLICING, EXPORT AND DEGRADATION. THESE PROCESSES ARE CATALYZED BY THREE TYPES OF PROMINENT ENZYMES: WRITERS, ERASERS AND READERS. INCREASING EVIDENCE HAS SHOWN THAT M(6)A MODIFICATION IS VITAL FOR THE REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION, CARCINOGENESIS, TUMOR PROGRESSION AND OTHER ABNORMAL CHANGES, AND RECENT STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT M(6)A IS IMPORTANT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC). HEREIN, WE SUMMARIZE THE NATURE AND REGULATORY MECHANISMS OF M(6)A MODIFICATION, INCLUDING ITS ROLE IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF HCC AND RELATED CHRONIC LIVER DISEASES. WE ALSO HIGHLIGHT THE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE AND FUTURE STRATEGIES INVOLVING RNA M(6)A MODIFICATIONS IN HCC.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
13   766  21 CCL5 SUPPRESSES KLOTHO EXPRESSION VIA P-STAT3/DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE1-MEDIATED PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATION. BACKGROUND: ENHANCED INFLAMMATION AND REDUCED KLOTHO ARE COMMON FEATURES IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD). INFLAMMATION INDUCES DNA HYPERMETHYLATION. THIS STUDY ASSESSED THE PERFORMANCE OF INFLAMMATORY MARKER C-C MOTIF CHEMOKINE 5 (CCL5) IN EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF KLOTHO EXPRESSION. METHODS: FIFTY CKD PATIENTS AND 25 MATCHED CONTROLS WERE ENROLLED, AND SERUM CCL5 LEVEL, SKLOTHO LEVEL, AND DNA METHYLATION WERE EVALUATED IN THESE SUBJECTS. A RENAL INTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS (RIF) MODEL WITH CKD WAS INDUCED IN MICE VIA UNILATERAL URETERAL OBSTRUCTION (UUO) IN VIVO AND HUMAN PROXIMAL TUBULAR EPITHELIAL (HK-2) CELLS TREATED WITH CCL5 IN VITRO. 5-AZA-2'-DEOXYCYTIDINE (5-AZA), A DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITOR WAS GIVEN TO UUO MICE. HEMATOXYLIN AND EOSIN (HE) AND MASSON TRICHROME STAINING WERE ADOPTED TO EVALUATE RENAL PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES. METHYLATION-SPECIFIC PCR WAS PERFORMED TO ASSESS DNA METHYLATION OF KLOTHO PROMOTER IN THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD LEUCOCYTES (PBLS) FROM CKD PATIENTS AND OBSTRUCTIVE KIDNEY FROM UUO MICE. CCL5, KLOTHO, AND DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES (DNMTS) WERE DETERMINED BY ELISAS, IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE, OR WESTERN BLOTTING. HK-2 CELLS WERE EXPOSED TO CCL5 WITH OR WITHOUT 5-AZA AND STATTIC, A P-SIGNAL TRANSDUCER AND ACTIVATOR OF TRANSCRIPTION 3 (STAT3) INHIBITOR, AND EXPRESSIONS OF P-STAT3, DNMT1, AND KLOTHO WERE DETERMINED BY WESTERN BLOTTING. RESULTS: CCL5 UPREGULATION CONCOMITANT WITH KLOTHO DOWNREGULATION IN SERUM AND GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION IN PBLS WERE OBSERVED IN CKD SAMPLES. UUO CONTRIBUTED TO SEVERE RENAL INTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS AND ENHANCED EXPRESSIONS OF FIBROTIC MARKERS. MOREOVER, UUO INCREASED THE CCL5 LEVEL, INDUCED KLOTHO PROMOTER METHYLATION, SUPPRESSED KLOTHO LEVEL, ACTIVATED P-STAT3 SIGNALING, AND UPREGULATED DNMT1 LEVEL. A SIMILAR OBSERVATION WAS MADE IN HK-2 CELLS TREATED WITH CCL5. MORE IMPORTANTLY, 5-AZA INHIBITED UUO-INDUCED KLOTHO HYPERMETHYLATION, REVERSED KLOTHO, DOWNREGULATED P-STAT3 EXPRESSIONS, AND AMELIORATED RIF IN VIVO. THE CONSISTENT FINDINGS IN VITRO WERE ALSO OBTAINED IN HK-2 CELLS EXPOSED TO 5-AZA AND STATTIC. CONCLUSION: THE CCL5/P-STAT3/DNMT1 AXIS IS IMPLICATED IN EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF KLOTHO EXPRESSION IN CKD. THIS STUDY PROVIDES NOVEL THERAPEUTIC POSSIBILITIES FOR REVERSAL OF KLOTHO SUPPRESSION BY CKD.	2022	
                                                                                        
14   701  27 BROWN FAT DNMT3B DEFICIENCY AMELIORATES OBESITY IN FEMALE MICE. OBESITY RESULTS FROM A CHRONIC ENERGY IMBALANCE DUE TO ENERGY INTAKE EXCEEDING ENERGY EXPENDITURE. ACTIVATION OF BROWN FAT THERMOGENESIS HAS BEEN SHOWN TO COMBAT OBESITY. EPIGENETIC REGULATION, INCLUDING DNA METHYLATION, HAS EMERGED AS A KEY REGULATOR OF BROWN FAT THERMOGENIC FUNCTION. HERE WE AIMED TO STUDY THE ROLE OF DNMT3B, A DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE INVOLVED IN DE NOVO DNA METHYLATION, IN THE REGULATION OF BROWN FAT THERMOGENESIS AND OBESITY. WE FOUND THAT THE SPECIFIC DELETION OF DNMT3B IN BROWN FAT PROMOTES THE THERMOGENIC AND MITOCHONDRIAL PROGRAM IN BROWN FAT, ENHANCES ENERGY EXPENDITURE, AND DECREASES ADIPOSITY IN FEMALE MICE FED A REGULAR CHOW DIET. WITH A LEAN PHENOTYPE, THE FEMALE KNOCKOUT MICE ALSO EXHIBIT INCREASED INSULIN SENSITIVITY. IN ADDITION, DNMT3B DEFICIENCY IN BROWN FAT ALSO PREVENTS DIET-INDUCED OBESITY AND INSULIN RESISTANCE IN FEMALE MICE. INTERESTINGLY, OUR RNA-SEQ ANALYSIS REVEALED AN UPREGULATION OF THE PI3K-AKT PATHWAY IN THE BROWN FAT OF FEMALE DNMT3B KNOCKOUT MICE. HOWEVER, MALE DNMT3B KNOCKOUT MICE HAVE NO CHANGE IN THEIR BODY WEIGHT, SUGGESTING THE EXISTENCE OF SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN THE BROWN FAT DNMT3B KNOCKOUT MODEL. OUR DATA DEMONSTRATE THAT DNMT3B PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE REGULATION OF BROWN FAT FUNCTION, ENERGY METABOLISM AND OBESITY IN FEMALE MICE.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
15  6679  30 USING MACHINE LEARNING TO PREDICT OBESITY BASED ON GENOME-WIDE AND EPIGENOME-WIDE GENE-GENE AND GENE-DIET INTERACTIONS. OBESITY IS ASSOCIATED WITH MANY CHRONIC DISEASES THAT IMPAIR HEALTHY AGING AND IS GOVERNED BY GENETIC, EPIGENETIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND THEIR COMPLEX INTERACTIONS. THIS STUDY AIMED TO DEVELOP A MODEL THAT PREDICTS AN INDIVIDUAL'S RISK OF OBESITY BY BETTER CHARACTERIZING THESE COMPLEX RELATIONS AND INTERACTIONS FOCUSING ON DIETARY FACTORS. FOR THIS PURPOSE, WE CONDUCTED A COMBINED GENOME-WIDE AND EPIGENOME-WIDE SCAN FOR BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) AND UP TO THREE-WAY INTERACTIONS AMONG 402,793 SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS (SNPS), 415,202 DNA METHYLATION SITES (DMSS), AND 397 DIETARY AND LIFESTYLE FACTORS USING THE GENERALIZED MULTIFACTOR DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION (GMDR) METHOD. THE TRAINING SET CONSISTED OF 1,573 PARTICIPANTS IN EXAM 8 OF THE FRAMINGHAM OFFSPRING STUDY (FOS) COHORT. AFTER IDENTIFYING GENETIC, EPIGENETIC, AND DIETARY FACTORS THAT PASSED STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE, WE APPLIED MACHINE LEARNING (ML) ALGORITHMS TO PREDICT PARTICIPANTS' OBESITY STATUS IN THE TEST SET, TAKEN AS A SUBSET OF INDEPENDENT SAMPLES (N = 394) FROM THE SAME COHORT. THE QUALITY AND ACCURACY OF PREDICTION MODELS WERE EVALUATED USING THE AREA UNDER THE RECEIVER OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC CURVE (ROC-AUC). GMDR IDENTIFIED 213 SNPS, 530 DMSS, AND 49 DIETARY AND LIFESTYLE FACTORS AS SIGNIFICANT PREDICTORS OF OBESITY. COMPARING SEVERAL ML ALGORITHMS, WE FOUND THAT THE STOCHASTIC GRADIENT BOOSTING MODEL PROVIDED THE BEST PREDICTION ACCURACY FOR OBESITY WITH AN OVERALL ACCURACY OF 70%, WITH ROC-AUC OF 0.72 IN TEST SET SAMPLES. TOP PREDICTORS OF THE BEST-FIT MODEL WERE 21 SNPS, 230 DMSS IN GENES SUCH AS CPT1A, ABCG1, SLC7A11, RNF145, AND SREBF1, AND 26 DIETARY FACTORS, INCLUDING PROCESSED MEAT, DIET SODA, FRENCH FRIES, HIGH-FAT DAIRY, ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS, ALCOHOL INTAKE, AND SPECIFIC NUTRIENTS AND FOOD COMPONENTS, SUCH AS CALCIUM AND FLAVONOLS. IN CONCLUSION, WE DEVELOPED AN INTEGRATED APPROACH WITH ML TO PREDICT OBESITY USING OMICS AND DIETARY DATA. THIS EXTENDS OUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE DRIVERS OF OBESITY, WHICH CAN INFORM PRECISION NUTRITION STRATEGIES FOR THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF OBESITY. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: [WWW.CLINICALTRIALS.GOV], THE FRAMINGHAM HEART STUDY (FHS), [NCT00005121].	2021	
                                                                                                                                            
16  2754  23 EXPRESSION OF CAVEOLIN 1 IS ENHANCED BY DNA DEMETHYLATION DURING ADIPOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION. STATUS OF INSULIN SIGNALING. CAVEOLIN 1 (CAV-1) IS AN ESSENTIAL CONSTITUENT OF ADIPOCYTE CAVEOLAE WHICH BINDS THE BETA SUBUNIT OF THE INSULIN RECEPTOR (IR) AND IS IMPLICATED IN THE REGULATION OF INSULIN SIGNALING. WE HAVE FOUND THAT, DURING ADIPOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION OF 3T3-L1 CELLS THE PROMOTER, EXON 1 AND FIRST INTRON OF THE CAV-1 GENE UNDERGO A DEMETHYLATION PROCESS THAT IS ACCOMPANIED BY A STRONG INDUCTION OF CAV-1 EXPRESSION, INDICATING THAT EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS MUST HAVE A PIVOTAL ROLE IN THIS DIFFERENTIATION PROCESS. FURTHERMORE, IR, PKB-AKT AND GLUT-4 EXPRESSION ARE ALSO INCREASED DURING THE DIFFERENTIATION PROCESS SUGGESTING A COORDINATED REGULATION WITH CAV-1. ACTIVATION OF CAV-1 PROTEIN BY PHOSPHORYLATION ARISES DURING THE DIFFERENTIATION PROCESS, YET IN FULLY MATURE ADIPOCYTES INSULIN IS NO LONGER ABLE TO SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASE CAV-1 PHOSPHORYLATION. HOWEVER, THESE LONG-TERM DIFFERENTIATED CELLS ARE STILL ABLE TO RESPOND ADEQUATELY TO INSULIN, INCREASING IR AND PKB-AKT PHOSPHORYLATION AND GLUCOSE UPTAKE. THE ACTIVATION OF CAV-1 DURING THE ADIPOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION PROCESS COULD FACILITATE THE MAINTENANCE OF INSULIN SENSITIVITY BY THESE FULLY MATURE ADIPOCYTES ISOLATED FROM ADDITIONAL EXTERNAL STIMULI. HOWEVER, UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF PHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED TO OBESITY, SUCH AS CHRONIC INFLAMMATION AND HYPOXIA, INSULIN SENSITIVITY WOULD FINALLY BE COMPROMISED.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
17  6182  28 THE IMPACT OF ADIPOSE TISSUE-DERIVED MIRNAS IN METABOLIC SYNDROME, OBESITY, AND CANCER. OBESITY IS A MULTIFACTORIAL AND COMPLEX CONDITION THAT IS CHARACTERIZED BY ABNORMAL AND EXCESSIVE WHITE ADIPOSE TISSUE ACCUMULATION, WHICH CAN LEAD TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF METABOLIC DISEASES, SUCH AS TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, AND SEVERAL TYPES OF CANCER. OBESITY IS CHARACTERIZED BY EXCESSIVE ADIPOSE TISSUE ACCUMULATION AND ASSOCIATED WITH ALTERATIONS IN IMMUNITY, DISPLAYING A CHRONIC LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATION PROFILE. ADIPOSE TISSUE IS A DYNAMIC AND COMPLEX ENDOCRINE ORGAN COMPOSED NOT ONLY BY ADIPOCYTES, BUT SEVERAL IMMUNOLOGICAL CELLS, WHICH CAN SECRETE HORMONES, CYTOKINES AND MANY OTHER FACTORS CAPABLE OF REGULATING METABOLIC HOMEOSTASIS AND SEVERAL CRITICAL BIOLOGICAL PATHWAYS. REMARKABLY, ADIPOSE TISSUE IS A MAJOR SOURCE OF CIRCULATING MICRORNAS (MIRNAS), RECENTLY DESCRIBED AS A NOVEL FORM OF ADIPOKINES. SEVERAL ADIPOSE TISSUE-DERIVED MIRNAS ARE DEEPLY ASSOCIATED WITH ADIPOCYTES DIFFERENTIATION AND HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED WITH AN ESSENTIAL ROLE IN OBESITY-ASSOCIATED INFLAMMATION, INSULIN RESISTANCE, AND TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT. DURING OBESITY, ADIPOSE TISSUE CAN COMPLETELY CHANGE THE PROFILE OF THE SECRETED MIRNAS, INFLUENCING CIRCULATING MIRNAS AND IMPACTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIFFERENT PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS, SUCH AS OBESITY, METABOLIC SYNDROME, AND CANCER. IN THIS REVIEW, WE DISCUSS HOW MIRNAS CAN ACT AS EPIGENETIC REGULATORS AFFECTING ADIPOGENESIS, ADIPOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION, LIPID METABOLISM, BROWNING OF THE WHITE ADIPOSE TISSUE, GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS, AND INSULIN RESISTANCE, IMPACTING DEEPLY OBESITY AND METABOLIC DISEASES. MOREOVER, WE CHARACTERIZE HOW MIRNAS CAN OFTEN ACT AS ONCOGENIC AND TUMOR SUPPRESSOR MOLECULES, SIGNIFICANTLY MODULATING CANCER ESTABLISHMENT AND PROGRESSION. FURTHERMORE, WE HIGHLIGHT IN THIS MANUSCRIPT HOW ADIPOSE TISSUE-DERIVED MIRNAS CAN FUNCTION AS IMPORTANT NEW THERAPEUTIC TARGETS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
18    44  38 A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON HIGH -FAT DIET-INDUCED DIABETES MELLITUS: AN EPIGENETIC VIEW. MODERN LIFESTYLE, GENETICS, NUTRITIONAL OVERLOAD THROUGH HIGH-FAT DIET ATTRIBUTED PREVALENCE AND DIABETES OUTCOMES WITH VARIOUS COMPLICATIONS PRIMARILY DUE TO OBESITY IN WHICH ENERGY-DENSE DIETS FREQUENTLY AFFECT METABOLIC HEALTH. ONE POSSIBLE ISSUE USUALLY ASSOCIATED WITH ELEVATED CHRONIC FAT INTAKE IS INSULIN RESISTANCE, AND HYPERGLYCEMIA CONSTITUTES AN IMPORTANT FUNCTION IN ALTERING THE CARBOHYDRATES AND LIPIDS METABOLISM. SIMILARLY, IN ASSESSING HUMAN SUSCEPTIBILITY TO WEIGHT GAIN AND OBESITY, GENETIC VARIATIONS PLAY A CENTRAL ROLE, CONTRIBUTING TO KEEN INTEREST IN IDENTIFYING THE POSSIBLE ROLE OF EPIGENETICS AS A MEDIATOR OF GENE-ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTIONS INFLUENCING THE PRODUCTION OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND ITS RELATED CONCERNS. EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THE ACCEPTANCE OF A SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE AND ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS FACTORS IN RESPONSE TO ENERGY INTAKE AND EXPENDITURE IMBALANCES COMPLEMENT GENETIC ALTERATIONS AND LEAD TO THE PRODUCTION AND ADVANCEMENT OF METABOLIC DISORDERS SUCH AS DIABETES AND OBESITY. METHYLATION OF DNA, HISTONE MODIFICATIONS, AND INCREASES IN THE EXPRESSION OF NON-CODING RNAS CAN RESULT IN REDUCED TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVITY OF KEY BETA-CELL GENES THUS CREATING INSULIN RESISTANCE. EPIGENETICS CONTRIBUTE TO CHANGES IN THE EXPRESSION OF THE UNDERLYING INSULIN RESISTANCE AND INSUFFICIENCY GENE NETWORKS, ALONG WITH LOW-GRADE OBESITY-RELATED INFLAMMATION, INCREASED ROS GENERATION, AND DNA DAMAGE IN MULTIORGANS. THIS REVIEW FOCUSED ON EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS AND METABOLIC REGULATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH-FAT DIET (HFD)-INDUCED DIABETES MELLITUS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
19  4711  33 NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE IN OBESE CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS: A ROLE FOR NUTRITION? NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD) HAS BECOME THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE IN CHILDREN, PARALLELING THE INCREASING PREVALENCE OF OBESITY WORLDWIDE. THE PATHOGENESIS OF PAEDIATRIC NAFLD IS NOT FULLY UNDERSTOOD, BUT IT IS KNOWN THAT OBESITY, NUTRITION, LIFESTYLE VARIABLES, GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS MAY BE CAUSALLY INVOLVED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THIS COMMON METABOLIC LIVER DISEASE. IN PARTICULAR, OBESITY AND NUTRITION ARE AMONG THE STRONGEST RISK FACTORS FOR PAEDIATRIC NAFLD, WHICH MAY EXERT THEIR ADVERSE HEPATIC EFFECTS ALREADY BEFORE BIRTH. EXCESS ENERGY INTAKE INDUCES HYPERTROPHY AND HYPERPLASIA OF ADIPOSE TISSUE WITH SUBSEQUENT DEVELOPMENT OF SYSTEMIC INSULIN RESISTANCE, WHICH IS ANOTHER IMPORTANT RISK FACTOR FOR NAFLD. DIET COMPOSITION AND IN PARTICULAR SIMPLE CARBOHYDRATE INTAKE (ESPECIALLY HIGH FRUCTOSE INTAKE) MAY PROMOTE THE DEVELOPMENT OF NAFLD, WHEREAS NON-DIGESTIBLE CARBOHYDRATES (DIETARY FIBER), BY AFFECTING GUT MICROBIOTA, MAY FAVOUR THE INTEGRITY OF GUT WALL AND REDUCE INFLAMMATION, OPPOSING THIS PROCESS. SATURATED FAT INTAKE MAY ALSO PROMOTE NAFLD DEVELOPMENT, WHEREAS UNSATURATED FAT INTAKE HAS SOME BENEFICIAL EFFECTS. PROTEIN INTAKE DOES NOT SEEM TO AFFECT THE DEVELOPMENT OF NAFLD, BUT FURTHER INVESTIGATION IS NEEDED. IN CONCLUSION, LIFESTYLE MODIFICATIONS TO INDUCE WEIGHT LOSS, THROUGH DIET AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, REMAIN THE MAINSTAY OF TREATMENT FOR PAEDIATRIC NAFLD. THE USE OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS, SUCH AS OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS AND PROBIOTICS, NEEDS FURTHER STUDY BEFORE RECOMMENDATION.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
20  1725  23 DYSREGULATION OF INFLAMMATION, OXIDATIVE STRESS, AND GLUCOSE METABOLISM-RELATED GENES AND MIRNAS IN VISCERAL ADIPOSE TISSUE OF WOMEN WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. BACKGROUND HUMAN VISCERAL ADIPOSE TISSUE (VAT), NOW IDENTIFIED AS AN ENDOCRINE ORGAN, PLAYS A SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN IMPAIRED FASTING GLUCOSE AND DIABETES THROUGH THE DEREGULATED METABOLISM AND ADIPOGENESIS OF VISCERAL ADIPOCYTES IN OBESITY. OUR STUDY FOCUSES ON EXPLORING THE LINK BETWEEN INFLAMMATION, OXIDATIVE STRESS, AND GLUCOSE METABOLISM-ASSOCIATED GENES WITH CORRESPONDING MIRNAS IN HUMAN VISCERAL ADIPOCYTES AND VAT FROM INDIVIDUALS WITH GLUCOSE METABOLISM DISORDERS. MATERIAL AND METHODS WE EXAMINED THE EXPRESSION OF ATM, NFKB1, SOD2, INSR, AND TIGAR, ALONG WITH THEIR RELATED MIRNAS USING PCR, IN TWO CONTEXTS:1 - DURING THE THREE-STAGE VISCERAL ADIPOGENESIS UNDER NORMAL GLUCOSE LEVELS (5.5 MILLIMOLES), INTERMITTENT, AND CHRONIC HYPERGLYCEMIA (30 MILLIMOLES).2 - IN VISCERAL ADIPOSE TISSUE FROM SUBJECTS (34 F, 18 M) WITH NORMAL GLUCOSE METABOLISM, IMPAIRED FASTING GLUCOSE, AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. RESULTS BOTH CHRONIC AND INTERMITTENT HYPERGLYCEMIA SIMILARLY INFLUENCED ATM, NFKB1, TIGAR, SOD2, INSR GENE EXPRESSION IN VISCERAL ADIPOCYTES, WITH CORRESPONDING CHANGES IN A FEW TESTED MIRNAS (EG, LET-7G-5P, MIR-145-5P, MIR-21-5P). ANTHROPOMETRIC AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS LED US TO FOCUS ON FEMALE SUBJECTS. OUR RESULTS SHOWED TRANSACTIVATION OF NFKB1, TIGAR, MIR-10B-5P, MIR-132-3P, MIR-20A-5P, MIR-21-5P, AND MIR-26A-5P EXCLUSIVELY IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. UPREGULATED MOLECULES (EXCLUDING MIR-10B-5P AND MIR-20A-5P) POSITIVELY CORRELATED WITH GLUCOSE METABOLISM MARKERS. CONCLUSIONS THE GENES STUDIED MAY UNDERGO MIRNA INTERFERENCES AND HYPERGLYCEMIC MEMORY IN VISCERAL ADIPOCYTES UNDER HYPERGLYCEMIC CONDITIONS. VAT FROM WOMEN WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, BUT NOT WITH IMPAIRED FASTING GLUCOSE, SHOWED TRANSACTIVATED MIRNAS AND A MOLECULAR DYSREGULATION OF TIGAR AND NFKB1, POSSIBLY ENHANCING INFLAMMATION, OXIDATIVE STRESS, AND DISRUPTED GLUCOSE METABOLISM. THESE FINDINGS HIGHLIGHT THE EPIGENETIC AND MOLECULAR DISTURBANCES IN VAT RELATED TO GLUCOSE METABOLISM ABNORMALITIES. HOWEVER, ADDITIONAL RESEARCH IS NECESSARY TO FURTHER UNDERSTAND THEIR BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE.	2023