1  5615 118 SAHA INHIBITS SOMATIC HYPERALGESIA INDUCED BY STRESS COMBINED WITH OROFACIAL INFLAMMATION THROUGH TARGETING DIFFERENT SPINAL 5-HT RECEPTOR SUBTYPES. EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION HAS BEEN IMPLICATED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHRONIC PAIN. HOWEVER, LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT WHETHER THIS REGULATION IS INVOLVED IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND TREATMENT OF CHRONIC PAIN COMORBIDITIES SUCH AS FIBROMYALGIA SYNDROME (FMS) AND TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDER (TMD), A COMORBIDITY PREDOMINANTLY OCCURRING AMONG WOMEN. HERE WE EXPLORED THE IMPACT OF THE HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC) INHIBITOR SUBEROYLANILIDE HYDROXAMIC ACID (SAHA) ON SOMATIC HYPERALGESIA INDUCED BY STRESS OR STRESS COMBINED WITH OROFACIAL INFLAMMATION, WHICH MIMICKED THE COMORBIDITY OF FMS AND TMD IN RATS. OUR DATA SHOWED THAT SOMATIC THERMAL HYPERALGESIA AND MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA INDUCED BY BOTH CONDITIONS WERE COMPLETELY PREVENTED BY INTRATHECAL INJECTION OF SAHA, WHICH UPREGULATED 5-HT(2C) RECEPTORS BUT DOWNREGULATED 5-HT(3) RECEPTORS IN THE SPINAL DORSAL HORN. SUBSEQUENT SPINAL ADMINISTRATION OF RS102221 TO INHIBIT 5-HT(2C) RECEPTORS OR SR57227 TO ACTIVATE 5-HT(3) RECEPTORS REVERSED THE ANALGESIC EFFECT OF SAHA UNDER BOTH CONDITIONS. THESE RESULTS INDICATE THAT SAHA ATTENUATES THE PRO-NOCICEPTIVE EFFECTS OF STRESS COMBINED WITH OROFACIAL INFLAMMATION AND THE EFFECTS OF STRESS ALONE. THIS LIKELY OCCURS THROUGH EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF SPINAL 5-HT(2C) AND 5-HT(3) RECEPTOR EXPRESSION, SUGGESTING THAT SAHA HAS POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC VALUE IN FMS OR COMORBID FMS-TMD PATIENTS WITH SOMATIC HYPERALGESIA.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
2  3905  33 LEPTIN PROMOTER METHYLATION IN FEMALE PATIENTS WITH PAINFUL MULTISOMATOFORM DISORDER AND CHRONIC WIDESPREAD PAIN. BACKGROUND: DIFFERENT FUNCTIONAL SOMATIC SYNDROMES (FSS), FIBROMYALGIA (FMS) AND OTHER UNEXPLAINED PAINFUL CONDITIONS SHARE MANY COMMON CLINICAL TRAITS AND ARE CHARACTERIZED BY TROUBLING AND FUNCTIONALLY DISABLING SOMATIC SYMPTOMS. CHRONIC PAIN IS MOST FREQUENTLY REPORTED AND AT THE CENTER OF PATIENTS' LEVEL OF DISEASE BURDEN. THE CONSTRUCT OF MULTISOMATOFORM DISORDER (MSD) ALLOWS TO SUBSUME SEVERELY IMPAIRED PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM FSS, FMS AND OTHER UNEXPLAINED PAINFUL CONDITIONS TO BE EXAMINED FOR COMMON UNDERLYING PROCESSES. ALTERED LEPTIN LEVELS AND A PATHOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF THE HPA-AXIS AS A RESULT OF CHRONIC STRESS AND CHILDHOOD TRAUMA HAVE BEEN SUGGESTED AS ONE OF THE DRIVING FACTORS OF DISEASE DEVELOPMENT AND SEVERITY. PREVIOUS STUDIES HAVE DEMONSTRATED THAT METHYLATION OF THE LEPTIN PROMOTER CAN PLAY A REGULATORY ROLE IN ADDICTION. IN THIS STUDY, WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT METHYLATION OF THE LEPTIN PROMOTER IS INFLUENCED BY THE DEGREE OF CHILDHOOD TRAUMATIZATION AND DIFFERS BETWEEN PATIENTS WITH MSD AND CONTROLS. A COHORT OF 151 PATIENTS WITH MSD AND 149 MATCHED HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS WERE EVALUATED USING CLINICAL AND PSYCHOMETRIC ASSESSMENT WHILE METHYLATION LEVEL ANALYSIS OF THE LEPTIN PROMOTER WAS PERFORMED USING DNA ISOLATED FROM WHOLE BLOOD. RESULTS: IN FEMALE CONTROLS, WE FOUND CPG C-167 TO BE NEGATIVELY CORRELATED WITH LEPTIN LEVELS, WHEREAS IN FEMALE PATIENTS CPG C-289, C-255, C-193, C-167 AND METHYLATION CLUSTER (C-291 TO C-167) AT PUTATIVE BINDINGS SITES FOR TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS SP1 AND C/EBPALPHA WERE NEGATIVELY CORRELATED WITH LEPTIN LEVELS. METHYLATION LEVELS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER IN FEMALE PATIENTS CPG C-289 COMPARED WITH CONTROLS. WHEN LOOKING AT FEMALE PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC WIDESPREAD PAIN METHYLATION LEVELS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER AT CPG C-289, C-255 AND METHYLATION CLUSTER (C-291 TO C-167). CONCLUSION: OUR FINDINGS SUPPORT THE HYPOTHESIS THAT EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF LEPTIN PLAYS A ROLE IN THE REGULATION OF LEPTIN LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH MSD. THIS EFFECT IS MORE PRONOUNCED IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC WIDESPREAD PAIN.	2022	
                                                                                                                               
3   849  32 CHILDHOOD TRAUMATIZATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFERENCES IN TRPA1 PROMOTER METHYLATION IN FEMALE PATIENTS WITH MULTISOMATOFORM DISORDER WITH PAIN AS THE LEADING BODILY SYMPTOM. BACKGROUND: THE CONSTRUCT OF MULTISOMATOFORM DISORDER (MSD) IS A COMMON POINT OF REFERENCE FOR PATIENTS IN DIFFERENT SOMATIC AND PSYCHOSOMATIC SPECIALTIES AND THEREFORE USEFUL IN STUDYING LARGE WELL-CHARACTERIZED COHORTS OF A PROTOTYPE OF A SOMATOFORM DISORDER AND IN PARALLEL AS A FUNCTIONAL SOMATIC SYNDROME (FSS). THIS DISORDER IS CHARACTERIZED BY DISTRESSING AND FUNCTIONALLY DISABLING SOMATIC SYMPTOMS WITH CHRONIC PAIN AS THE MOST FREQUENT AND CLINICALLY RELEVANT COMPLAINT. PAIN IS PERCEIVED BY NOCICEPTIVE NERVE FIBERS AND TRANSFERRED THROUGH THE GENERATION OF ACTION POTENTIALS BY DIFFERENT RECEPTOR MOLECULES KNOWN TO DETERMINE PAIN SENSITIVITY IN PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES. PREVIOUS STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT FOR THE TRANSIENT RECEPTOR POTENTIAL ANKYRIN 1 (TRPA1), RECEPTOR METHYLATION OF A PARTICULAR CPG DINUCLEOTIDE IN THE PROMOTER REGION IS INVERSELY ASSOCIATED WITH BOTH HEAT PAIN AND PRESSURE PAIN THRESHOLDS. IN THIS STUDY, WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT TRPA1 PROMOTER METHYLATION REGULATES PAIN SENSITIVITY OF PATIENTS WITH MULTISOMATOFORM DISORDER (MSD). A COHORT OF 151 PATIENTS WITH MSD AND 149 MATCHED HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS WERE EVALUATED USING QUANTITATIVE SENSORY TESTING, CLINICAL AND PSYCHOMETRIC ASSESSMENT, AND METHYLATION ANALYSIS USING DNA ISOLATED FROM WHOLE BLOOD. RESULTS: WE FOUND CPG -628 TO BE CORRELATED WITH MECHANICAL PAIN THRESHOLD AND CPG -411 TO BE CORRELATED WITH MECHANICAL PAIN THRESHOLD IN FEMALE VOLUNTEERS, I.E., HIGHER METHYLATION LEVELS LEAD TO HIGHER PAIN THRESHOLDS. A NOVEL FINDING IS THAT METHYLATION LEVELS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT BETWEEN PATIENTS WITH NO AND SEVERE LEVELS OF CHILDHOOD TRAUMA. CPG METHYLATION ALSO CORRELATED WITH PSYCHOMETRIC ASSESSMENT OF PAIN AND PAIN LEVELS RATED ON A VISUAL ANALOG SCALE. CONCLUSION: OUR FINDINGS SUPPORT THE HYPOTHESIS THAT EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF TRPA1 PLAYS A ROLE IN MECHANICAL PAIN SENSITIVITIES IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS. THEY FURTHER PROVIDE EVIDENCE FOR THE POSSIBLE INFLUENCE OF CHILDHOOD TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCES ON THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF TRPA1 IN PATIENTS WITH MSD.	2019	
                                                                        
4  3459  28 HYPOMETHYLATION OF NERVE GROWTH FACTOR (NGF) PROMOTES BINDING OF C/EBPALPHA AND CONTRIBUTES TO INFLAMMATORY HYPERALGESIA IN RATS. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC PAIN USUALLY ACCOMPANIED BY TISSUE DAMAGE AND INFLAMMATION. HOWEVER, THE PATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC PAIN REMAINS UNCLEAR. METHODS: WE INVESTIGATED THE ROLE OF NERVE GROWTH FACTOR (NGF) IN CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY PAIN INDUCED BY COMPLETE FREUND'S ADJUVANT (CFA), EXPLORED THE METHYLATION STATUS OF CPG ISLANDS IN THE PROMOTER REGION OF THE NGF GENE, AND CLARIFIED THE FUNCTION AND MECHANISM OF C/EBPALPHA-NGF SIGNALING PATHWAY FROM EPIGENETIC PERSPECTIVE IN THE CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY PAIN MODEL. RESULTS: CFA INDUCED SIGNIFICANT HYPERALGESIA AND CONTINUOUS UPREGULATION OF NGF MRNA AND PROTEIN LEVELS IN THE L4-6 DORSAL ROOT GANGLIONS (DRGS) IN RATS. HYPOMETHYLATION OF CPG ISLANDS OCCURRED IN THE NGF GENE PROMOTER REGION AFTER CFA TREATMENT. AT THE SAME TIME, THE MIR-29B EXPRESSION LEVEL WAS SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED, WHILE THE DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE 3B (DNMT3B) LEVEL REDUCED SIGNIFICANTLY. MOREOVER, CFA TREATMENT PROMOTED BINDING OF C/EBPALPHA TO THE NGF GENE PROMOTER REGION AND C/EBPALPHA SIRNA TREATMENT OBVIOUSLY DECREASED EXPRESSION OF NGF LEVELS AND ALSO ALLEVIATE INFLAMMATORY HYPERALGESIA SIGNIFICANTLY IN RATS. CONCLUSION: COLLECTIVELY, THE RESULTS INDICATED THAT CFA LEADS TO THE UPREGULATION OF MIR-29B LEVEL, WHICH REPRESSES THE EXPRESSION OF DNMT3B, ENHANCES THE DEMETHYLATION OF THE NGF GENE PROMOTER REGION, AND PROMOTES THE BINDING OF C/EBPALPHA WITH THE NGF GENE PROMOTER, THUS RESULTS IN THE UPREGULATION OF NGF GENE EXPRESSION AND MAINTENANCE OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY PAIN.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
5  4699  38 NFATC2-DEPENDENT EPIGENETIC UPREGULATION OF CXCL14 IS INVOLVED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN INDUCED BY PACLITAXEL. BACKGROUND: THE MAJOR DOSE-LIMITING TOXICITY OF PACLITAXEL, ONE OF THE MOST COMMONLY USED DRUGS TO TREAT SOLID TUMOR, IS PAINFUL NEUROPATHY. HOWEVER, THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS UNDERLYING PACLITAXEL-INDUCED PAINFUL NEUROPATHY ARE LARGELY UNCLARIFIED. METHODS: PAW WITHDRAWAL THRESHOLD WAS MEASURED IN THE RATS FOLLOWING INTRAPERITONEAL INJECTION OF PACLITAXEL. THE QPCR, WESTERN BLOTTING, PROTEIN OR CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION, CHIP-SEQ IDENTIFICATION OF NFATC2 BINDING SITES, AND MICROARRAY ANALYSIS WERE PERFORMED TO EXPLORE THE MOLECULAR MECHANISM. RESULTS: WE FOUND THAT PACLITAXEL TREATMENT INCREASED THE NUCLEAR EXPRESSION OF NFATC2 IN THE SPINAL DORSAL HORN, AND KNOCKDOWN OF NFATC2 WITH NFATC2 SIRNA SIGNIFICANTLY ATTENUATED THE MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA INDUCED BY PACLITAXEL. FURTHER BINDING SITE ANALYSIS UTILIZING CHIP-SEQ ASSAY COMBINING WITH GENE EXPRESSION PROFILE REVEALED A SHIFT OF NFATC2 BINDING SITE CLOSER TO TTS OF TARGET GENES IN DORSAL HORN AFTER PACLITAXEL TREATMENT. WE FURTHER FOUND THAT NFATC2 OCCUPANCY MAY DIRECTLY UPREGULATE THE CHEMOKINE CXCL14 EXPRESSION IN DORSAL HORN, WHICH WAS MEDIATED BY ENHANCED INTERACTION BETWEEN NFATC2 AND P300 AND CONSEQUENTLY INCREASED ACETYLATION OF HISTONE H4 IN CXCL14 PROMOTER REGION. ALSO, KNOCKDOWN OF CXCL14 IN DORSAL HORN SIGNIFICANTLY ATTENUATED MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA INDUCED BY PACLITAXEL. CONCLUSION: THESE RESULTS SUGGESTED THAT ENHANCED INTERACTION BETWEEN P300 AND NFATC2 MEDIATED THE EPIGENETIC UPREGULATION OF CXCL14 IN THE SPINAL DORSAL HORN, WHICH CONTRIBUTED TO THE CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC PACLITAXEL-INDUCED CHRONIC PAIN.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
6  2482  47 EPIGENETIC UPREGULATION OF METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR 2 IN THE SPINAL CORD ATTENUATES OESTROGEN-INDUCED VISCERAL HYPERSENSITIVITY. OBJECTIVE: EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS ARE POTENTIAL TARGETS TO RELIEVE SOMATIC PAIN. HOWEVER, LITTLE IS KNOWN WHETHER EPIGENETIC REGULATION INTERFERES WITH VISCERAL PAIN. PREVIOUS STUDIES SHOW THAT OESTROGEN FACILITATES VISCERAL PAIN. THIS STUDY AIMED TO DETERMINE WHETHER HISTONE HYPERACETYLATION IN THE SPINAL CORD COULD ATTENUATE OESTROGEN-FACILITATED VISCERAL PAIN. DESIGN: THE EFFECT OF THE HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR SUBEROYLANILIDE HYDROXAMIC ACID (SAHA) ON THE MAGNITUDE OF THE VISCEROMOTOR RESPONSE (VMR) TO COLORECTAL DISTENTION WAS EXAMINED IN OVARIECTOMISED RATS WITH/WITHOUT OESTROGEN REPLACEMENT. AN ADDITIONAL INTERACTION WITH THE METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR 2/3 (MGLUR2/3) ANTAGONIST LY341495 WAS TESTED. THE LEVELS OF ACETYLATED HISTONE AND MGLUR2 MRNA AND PROTEIN WERE ANALYSED. THE BINDING OF ACETYLATED H3 AND OESTROGEN RECEPTOR ALPHA (ERALPHA) TO THE GRM2 PROMOTER WAS MEASURED BY CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION COUPLED WITH QPCR. RESULTS: IN OVARIECTOMISED RATS, 17BETA-ESTRADIOL (E2), BUT NOT SAFFLOWER OIL, INCREASED THE MAGNITUDE OF THE VMR TO COLORECTAL DISTENTION. SAHA ATTENUATED THE E2-FACILITATED VMR, BUT HAD NO EFFECT IN SAFFLOWER OIL-TREATED RATS. SUBSEQUENT SPINAL ADMINISTRATION OF LY341495 REVERSED THE ANTINOCICEPTIVE EFFECT OF SAHA IN E2 RATS. IN ADDITION, SAHA INCREASED MGLUR2 MRNA AND PROTEIN IN THE SPINAL DORSAL HORN FOLLOWING E2, BUT NOT VEHICLE, TREATMENT. IN CONTRAST, NEITHER E2 NOR SAHA ALONE ALTERED MGLUR2 MRNA. SAHA INCREASED BINDING OF H3K9AC AND ERALPHA TO THE SAME REGIONS OF THE GRM2 PROMOTER IN E2-SAHA-TREATED ANIMALS. CONCLUSIONS: HISTONE HYPERACETYLATION IN THE SPINAL CORD ATTENUATES THE PRONOCICEPTIVE EFFECTS OF OESTROGEN ON VISCERAL SENSITIVITY, SUGGESTING THAT EPIGENETIC REGULATION MAY BE A POTENTIAL APPROACH TO RELIEVE VISCERAL PAIN.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
7  2745  42 EXPRESS: HISTONE HYPERACETYLATION MODULATES SPINAL TYPE II METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR ALLEVIATING STRESS-INDUCED VISCERAL HYPERSENSITIVITY IN FEMALE RATS. STRESS IS OFTEN A TRIGGER TO EXACERBATE CHRONIC PAIN INCLUDING VISCERAL HYPERSENSITIVITY ASSOCIATED WITH IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME, A FEMALE PREDOMINANT FUNCTIONAL BOWEL DISORDER. EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS THAT MEDIATE STRESS RESPONSES ARE A POTENTIAL TARGET TO INTERFERE WITH VISCERAL PAIN. THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO EXAMINE THE EFFECT OF A HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR, SUBEROYLANILIDE HYDROXAMIC ACID, ON VISCERAL HYPERSENSITIVITY INDUCED BY A SUBCHRONIC STRESSOR IN FEMALE RATS AND TO INVESTIGATE THE INVOLVEMENT OF SPINAL GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS. THREE DAILY SESSIONS OF FORCED SWIM INDUCED VISCERAL HYPERSENSITIVITY. INTRATHECAL SUBEROYLANILIDE HYDROXAMIC ACID PREVENTED OR REVERSED THE STRESS-INDUCED VISCERAL HYPERSENSITIVITY, INCREASED SPINAL HISTONE 3 ACETYLATION AND INCREASED MGLUR2 AND MGLUR3 EXPRESSION. CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION (CHIP) ANALYSIS REVEALED ENRICHMENT OF H3K9AC AND H3K18AC AT SEVERAL PROMOTER GRM2 AND GRM3 REGIONS. THE MGLUR2/3 ANTAGONIST LY341495 REVERSED THE INHIBITORY EFFECT OF SUBEROYLANILIDE HYDROXAMIC ACID ON THE STRESS-INDUCED VISCERAL HYPERSENSITIVITY. IN SURPRISING CONTRAST, STRESS AND/OR SUBEROYLANILIDE HYDROXAMIC ACID HAD NO EFFECT ON SPINAL NMDA RECEPTOR EXPRESSION OR FUNCTION. THESE DATA REVEAL HISTONE MODIFICATION MODULATES MGLUR2/3 EXPRESSION IN THE SPINAL CORD TO ATTENUATE STRESSINDUCED VISCERAL HYPERSENSITIVITY. HDAC INHIBITORS MAY PROVIDE A POTENTIAL APPROACH TO RELIEVE VISCERAL HYPERSENSITIVITY ASSOCIATED WITH IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
8   325  32 ALLELE-SPECIFIC DNA METHYLATION LEVEL OF FKBP5 IS ASSOCIATED WITH POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER. BACKGROUND: FK506-BINDING PROTEIN 5 (FKBP5) BINDS TO GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTORS AND MODULATES GLUCOCORTICOID SENSITIVITY. THE FKBP5 GENE HAS BEEN IMPLICATED IN THE DYSREGULATION OF HUMAN STRESS RESPONSES, CONTRIBUTING TO THE RISK AND TREATMENT RESPONSE OF STRESS-RELATED DISORDERS. THE PRESENT STUDY EXAMINED WHETHER EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN FKBP5 ARE ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD) STATUS IN THE CONTEXT OF FKBP5 GENETIC VARIATION (RS1360780 POLYMORPHISM) AMONG MALE VETERANS EXPOSED TO COMBAT TRAUMA. METHODS: KOREAN MALE VETERANS WHO SERVED ON ACTIVE DUTY DURING THE VIETNAM WAR WERE CATEGORIZED INTO 2 GROUPS: WITH PTSD (N = 123) AND WITHOUT PTSD (N = 116). THE GENOTYPE OF FKBP5 RS1360780 AND DNA METHYLATION LEVELS OF TWO CPG SITES AT THE FKBP5 INTRON 7 REGION WERE ASSESSED IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD. ANALYSIS OF COVARIANCE WAS PERFORMED TO EXAMINE MAIN AND INTERACTION EFFECTS OF PTSD STATUS AND FKBP5 GENOTYPE ON FKBP5 DNA METHYLATION LEVEL, WITH AGE, TRAUMA LEVELS, AND ALCOHOL USE AS COVARIATES. RESULTS: A SIGNIFICANT MAIN EFFECT OF FKBP5 RS1360780 AND PTSD AND AN INTERACTION EFFECT BETWEEN GENOTYPE AND PTSD STATUS WERE FOUND ON MEAN FKBP5 DNA METHYLATION LEVEL. THE T ALLELE OF RS1360780 WAS ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER FKBP5 METHYLATION LEVEL. IN ADDITION, THE PTSD GROUP SHOWED SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER METHYLATION THAN DID THE NON-PTSD GROUP AMONG VETERANS CARRYING THE RISK T ALLELE (N = 96), WHILE NO GROUP DIFFERENCE WAS OBSERVED ON METHYLATION LEVELS AMONG VETERANS WITH THE CC GENOTYPE (N = 143). AMONG VETERANS CARRYING THE T ALLELE, FKBP5 METHYLATION LEVELS WERE POSITIVELY CORRELATED WITH THE SEVERITY OF PTSD SYMPTOMS. CONCLUSIONS: THE PRESENT STUDY DEMONSTRATED DIFFERENT FKBP5 METHYLATION LEVELS IN PTSD DEPENDING ON FKBP5 GENETIC VARIATION AMONG VETERANS EXPOSED TO COMBAT TRAUMA. THE PRESENT FINDING SUGGESTS THAT THE GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC MODULATION OF FKBP5 IS INVOLVED IN THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF PTSD. FURTHER LONGITUDINAL RESEARCH INVOLVING PEOPLE EXPOSED TO TRAUMA IS REQUIRED TO UNDERSTAND CAUSAL RELATIONSHIPS OF FKBP5 IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND RECOVERY OF PTSD.	2019	
                                                                                                             
9  6612  32 ULTRA-LOW-DOSE NALOXONE ENHANCES THE ANTINOCICEPTIVE EFFECT OF MORPHINE IN PTX-TREATED RATS: REGULATION ON GLOBAL HISTONE METHYLATION. OBJECTIVE: EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING MAY HAVE A POSSIBLE ROLE IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN DEVELOPMENT; THE PRESENT STUDY EXAMINED THE GLOBAL PATTERNS OF LYSINE HISTONE MODIFICATION. IN THIS SERIAL STUDY WE ANALYZED THE LEVELS OF HISTONE 3 LYSINE 4 MONOMETHYLATION, HISTONE 3 LYSINE 4 DIMETHYLATION, AND HISTONE 3 LYSINE 9 TRIMETHYLATION IN PERTUSSIS TOXIN (PTX)-INDUCED THERMAL HYPERALGESIC RAT SPINAL CORDS. METHODS: MALE WISTAR RATS IMPLANTED WITH AN INTRATHECAL CATHETER RECEIVED A SINGLE INTRATHECAL PTX (1 MUG IN 5 MUL SALINE) INJECTION. FOUR DAYS LATER, THEY WERE RANDOMLY ASSIGNED TO RECEIVE EITHER A SINGLE INJECTION OF SALINE, OR ULTRA-LOW-DOSE NALOXONE (15 NG IN 5 MUL SALINE), FOLLOWED BY MORPHINE (10 MUG IN 5 MUL SALINE) INJECTION 30 MINUTES LATER. RESULTS: THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT PTX INJECTION INDUCED THERMAL HYPERALGESIA AND SIGNIFICANT INCREASE OF GLOBAL HISTONE METHYLATION IN THE SPINAL CORDS. INTRATHECAL MORPHINE ALONE DID NOT AFFECT THE THERMAL HYPERALGESIA AND GLOBAL HISTONE METHYLATION. IN CONTRAST, INTRATHECAL ADMINISTRATION OF ULTRA-LOW-DOSE NALOXONE PLUS MORPHINE SIGNIFICANTLY ATTENUATED THE PTX-INDUCED THERMAL HYPERALGESIA AND DOWN-REGULATED THE GLOBAL HISTONE METHYLATION. CONCLUSION: THE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT ULTRA-LOW-DOSE NALOXONE MIGHT BE CLINICAL VALUABLE FOR NEUROPATHIC PAIN MANAGEMENT VIA REGULATING GLOBAL HISTONE MODIFICATION.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
10  3196  31 HDAC INHIBITORS RESTORE C-FIBRE SENSITIVITY IN EXPERIMENTAL NEUROPATHIC PAIN MODEL. BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: HYPOESTHESIA IS A CLINICAL FEATURE OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN. THE FEATURE IS PARTLY EXPLAINED BY THE EVIDENCE OF EPIGENETIC REPRESSION OF NAV 1.8 SODIUM CHANNEL IN THE DORSAL ROOT GANGLION (DRG). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: WE INVESTIGATED THE POSSIBILITY OF TRICHOSTATIN A (TSA), VALPROIC ACID (VPA) AND SUBEROYLANILIDE HYDROXAMIC ACID (SAHA) TO REVERSE THE UNIQUE C-FIBRE SENSITIVITY OBSERVED FOLLOWING PARTIAL LIGATION OF SCIATIC NERVE IN MICE. KEY RESULTS: NERVE INJURY-INDUCED DOWN-REGULATION OF DRG NAV 1.8 SODIUM CHANNEL AND C-FIBRE-RELATED HYPOESTHESIA WERE REVERSED BY TSA, VPA AND SAHA TREATMENTS, WHICH INHIBIT HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC), AND INCREASE HISTONE ACETYLATION AT THE REGULATORY SEQUENCE OF NAV 1.8. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: TAKEN TOGETHER, THESE STUDIES PROVIDE THE EVIDENCE THAT HYPOESTHESIA AND UNDERLYING DOWN-REGULATION OF NAV 1.8, NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS OBSERVED IN NERVE INJURY-INDUCED NEUROPATHIC PAIN MODELS ARE REGULATED BY AN EPIGENETIC CHROMATIN REMODELLING THROUGH HDAC-RELATED MACHINERIES.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
11  3809  40 INTRAPERITONEAL 5-AZACYTIDINE ALLEVIATES NERVE INJURY-INDUCED PAIN IN RATS BY MODULATING DNA METHYLATION. TO INVESTIGATE THE ROLE OF DNA METHYLATION IN MODULATING CHRONIC NEUROPATHIC PAIN (NPP), IDENTIFY POSSIBLE TARGET GENES OF DNA METHYLATION INVOLVED IN THIS PROCESS, AND PRELIMINARILY CONFIRM THE MEDICINAL VALUE OF THE DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES (DNMTS) INHIBITOR 5-AZACYTIDINE (5-AZA) IN NPP BY TARGETING GENE METHYLATION. TWO RAT NPP MODELS, CHRONIC CONSTRICTION INJURY (CCI) AND SPINAL NERVE LIGATION (SNL), WERE USED. THE DNA METHYLATION PROFILES IN THE LUMBAR SPINAL CORD WERE ASSAYED USING AN ARRAYSTAR RAT REFSEQ PROMOTER ARRAY. THE UNDERLYING GENES WITH DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION WERE THEN IDENTIFIED AND SUBMITTED TO GENE ONTOLOGY AND PATHWAY ANALYSIS. METHYL-DNA IMMUNOPRECIPITATION QUANTITATIVE PCR (MEDIP-QPCR) AND QUANTITATIVE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR (RT-QPCR) WERE USED TO CONFIRM GENE METHYLATION AND EXPRESSION. THE PROTECTIVE FUNCTION OF 5-AZA IN NPP AND GENE EXPRESSION WERE EVALUATED VIA BEHAVIORAL ASSAYS AND RT-QPCR, RESPECTIVELY. ANALYSIS OF THE DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS IN THE LUMBAR SPINAL CORD INDICATED THAT 1205 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED FRAGMENTS IN CCI RATS WERE LOCATED WITHIN DNA PROMOTER REGIONS, INCLUDING 638 HYPERMETHYLATED FRAGMENTS AND 567 HYPOMETHYLATED FRAGMENTS. THE METHYLATION LEVELS OF GRM4, HTR4, ADRB2, KCNF1, GAD2, AND PPARG, WHICH ARE ASSOCIATED WITH LONG-TERM POTENTIATION (LTP) AND GLUTAMATERGIC SYNAPSE PATHWAYS, WERE INCREASED WITH A CORRESPONDING DECREASE IN THEIR MRNA EXPRESSION, IN THE SPINAL CORDS OF CCI RATS. MOREOVER, WE FOUND THAT THE INTRAPERITONEAL INJECTION OF 5-AZA (4 MG/KG) ATTENUATED CCI- OR SNL-INDUCED MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA AND THERMAL HYPERALGESIA. FINALLY, THE MRNA EXPRESSION OF HYPERMETHYLATED GENES SUCH AS GRM4, HTR4, ADRB2, KCNF1, AND GAD2 WAS REVERSED AFTER 5-AZA TREATMENT. CCI INDUCED WIDESPREAD METHYLATION CHANGES IN THE DNA PROMOTER REGIONS IN THE LUMBAR SPINAL CORD. INTRAPERITONEAL 5-AZA ALLEVIATED HYPERALGESIA IN CCI AND SNL RATS, AN EFFECT ACCOMPANIED BY THE REVERSED EXPRESSION OF HYPERMETHYLATED GENES. THUS, DNA METHYLATION INHIBITION REPRESENTS A PROMISING EPIGENETIC STRATEGY FOR PROTECTION AGAINST CHRONIC NPP FOLLOWING NERVE INJURY. OUR STUDY LAYS A THEORETICAL FOUNDATION FOR 5-AZA TO BECOME A CLINICAL TARGETED DRUG.	2023	

12  1120  43 COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS IN ATTENUATING INFLAMMATORY PAIN IN RATS. HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS (HDACIS), WHICH INTERFERE WITH THE EPIGENETIC PROCESS OF HISTONE ACETYLATION, HAVE SHOWN ANALGESIC EFFECTS IN ANIMAL MODELS OF PERSISTENT PAIN. THE HDAC FAMILY COMPRISES 18 GENES; HOWEVER, THE DIFFERENT EFFECTS OF DISTINCT CLASSES OF HDACIS ON PAIN RELIEF REMAIN UNCLEAR. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE THE EFFICACY OF THESE HDACIS ON ATTENUATING THERMAL HYPERALGESIA IN PERSISTENT INFLAMMATORY PAIN. PERSISTENT INFLAMMATORY PAIN WAS INDUCED BY INJECTING COMPLETE FREUND'S ADJUVANT (CFA) INTO THE LEFT HIND PAW OF RATS. THEN, HDACIS TARGETING CLASS I (ENTINOSTAT (MS-275)) AND CLASS IIA (SODIUM BUTYRATE, VALPROIC ACID (VPA), AND 4-PHENYLBUTYRIC ACID (4-PBA)), OR CLASS II (SUBEROYLANILIDE HYDOXAMIC ACID (SAHA), TRICHOSTATIN A (TSA), AND DACINOSTAT (LAQ824)) WERE ADMINISTERED INTRAPERITONEALLY ONCE DAILY FOR 3 OR 4 DAYS. WE FOUND THAT THE INJECTION OF SAHA ONCE A DAY FOR 3 DAYS SIGNIFICANTLY ATTENUATED CFA-INDUCED THERMAL HYPERALGESIA FROM DAY 4 AND LASTED 7 DAYS. IN COMPARISON WITH SAHA, SUPPRESSION OF HYPERALGESIA BY 4-PBA PEAKED ON DAY 2, WHEREAS THAT BY MS-275 OCCURRED ON DAYS 5 AND 6. FATIGUE WAS A SERIOUS SIDE EFFECT SEEN WITH MS-275. THESE FINDINGS WILL BE BENEFICIAL FOR OPTIMIZING THE SELECTION OF SPECIFIC HDACIS IN MEDICAL FIELDS SUCH AS PAIN MEDICINE AND NEUROPSYCHIATRY.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
13  2452  40 EPIGENETIC SUPPRESSION OF POTASSIUM-CHLORIDE CO-TRANSPORTER 2 EXPRESSION IN INFLAMMATORY PAIN INDUCED BY COMPLETE FREUND'S ADJUVANT (CFA). BACKGROUND: MULTIPLE MECHANISMS CONTRIBUTE TO THE STIMULUS-EVOKED PAIN HYPERSENSITIVITY THAT MAY BE EXPERIENCED AFTER PERIPHERAL INFLAMMATION. PERSISTENT PATHOLOGICAL STIMULI IN MANY PAIN CONDITIONS AFFECT THE EXPRESSION OF CERTAIN GENES THROUGH EPIGENETIC ALTERNATIONS. THE MAIN PURPOSE OF OUR STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE ROLE OF EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION ON POTASSIUM-CHLORIDE CO-TRANSPORTER 2 (KCC2) GENE EXPRESSION IN THE PERSISTENCE OF INFLAMMATORY PAIN. METHODS: PERSISTENT INFLAMMATORY PAIN WAS INDUCED THROUGH THE INJECTION OF COMPLETE FREUND'S ADJUVANT (CFA) IN THE LEFT HIND PAW OF RATS. ACETYL-HISTONE H3 AND H4 LEVEL WAS DETERMINED BY CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION IN THE SPINAL DORSAL HORN. PAIN BEHAVIOUR AND INHIBITORY SYNAPTIC FUNCTION OF SPINAL CORD WERE DETERMINED BEFORE AND AFTER CFA INJECTION. KCC2 EXPRESSION WAS DETERMINED BY REAL TIME RT-PCR AND WESTERN BLOT. INTRATHECAL KCC2 SIRNA (2 MUG PER 10 MUL PER RAT) OR HDAC INHIBITOR (10 MUG PER 10 MUL PER RAT) WAS INJECTED ONCE DAILY FOR 3 DAYS BEFORE CFA INJECTION. RESULTS: PERSISTENT INFLAMMATORY PAIN EPIGENETICALLY SUPPRESSED KCC2 EXPRESSION THROUGH HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC)-MEDIATED HISTONE HYPOACETYLATION, RESULTING IN DECREASED INHIBITORY SIGNALLING EFFICACY. KCC2 KNOCK-DOWN CAUSED BY INTRATHECAL ADMINISTRATION OF KCC2 SIRNA IN NAIVE RATS REDUCED KCC2 EXPRESSION IN THE SPINAL CORD, LEADING TO SENSITIZED PAIN BEHAVIOURS AND IMPAIRED INHIBITORY SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION IN THEIR SPINAL CORDS. MOREOVER, INTRATHECAL HDAC INHIBITOR INJECTION IN CFA RATS INCREASED KCC2 EXPRESSION, PARTIALLY RESTORING THE SPINAL INHIBITORY SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION AND RELIEVING THE SENSITIZED PAIN BEHAVIOUR. CONCLUSION: THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT THE TRANSCRIPTION OF SPINAL KCC2 IS REGULATED BY HISTONE ACETYLATION EPIGENETICALLY FOLLOWING CFA. SIGNIFICANCE: PERSISTENT PAIN SUPPRESSES KCC2 EXPRESSION THROUGH HDAC-MEDIATED HISTONE HYPOACETYLATION AND CONSEQUENTLY IMPAIRS THE INHIBITORY FUNCTION OF INHIBITORY INTERNEURONS. DRUGS SUCH AS HDAC INHIBITORS THAT SUPPRESS THE INFLUENCES OF PERSISTENT PAIN ON THE EXPRESSION OF KCC2 MAY SERVE AS A NOVEL ANALGESIC.	2017	
                                                     
14  4579  28 N(6)-METHYLADENOSINE METHYLASE METTL3 CONTRIBUTES TO NEUROPATHIC PAIN BY EPIGENETIC SILENCING OF MU OPIOID RECEPTOR. WE AIMED AT EXPLORING THE ROLE AND MECHANISM OF METTL3-MEDIATED M(6)A MODIFICATION IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN. MALE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS WERE RANDOMLY DIVIDED INTO FOUR GROUPS: SHAM OPERATION GROUP (SHAM GROUP), CHRONIC CONSTRICTION INJURY (CCI) OF THE SCIATIC NERVE MODEL GROUP (NPP GROUP), INTRATHECAL INJECTION OF VIRUS DOWN-REGULATED METTL3 + CCI MODEL GROUP (M3 + NPP GROUP) AND INTRATHECAL INJECTION OF NEGATIVE CONTROL VIRUS + CCI MODEL GROUP (SCR + NPP GROUP). THE M3 + NPP GROUP AND THE SCR + NPP GROUP WERE INTRATHECALLY INJECTED WITH VIRUS NINETEEN DAYS BEFORE OPERATION. THE PAW WITHDRAWAL MECHANICAL THRESHOLDS AND PAW WITHDRAWAL LATENCY WERE RESPECTIVELY RECORDED ONE DAY BEFORE OPERATION, THREE DAYS, FIVE DAYS AND SEVEN DAYS AFTER OPERATION. THE RATS WERE SACRIFICED ON THE SEVENTH DAY AFTER OPERATION, AND THEIR SPINAL CORD TISSUES WERE TAKEN. THE FROZEN SECTIONS OF RATS WERE PERFORMED TO OBSERVE THE EXPRESSION OF GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN OF THE VIRUS. THE METHYLATION LEVEL OF RNA, THE PROTEIN EXPRESSION OF M(6)A-RELATED ENZYME (METTL3) AND MU OPIOID RECEPTOR (MOR) IN SPINAL CORD TISSUES OF THE FOUR GROUPS WERE MEASURED. DOWNREGULATION OF METTL3 HAD NO EFFECT ON THE OVERALL METHYLATION LEVEL OF THE SPINAL CORD, BUT IT COULD REGULATE THE METHYLATION LEVEL OF THE OPRM1 GENE RNA ENCODING MOR, PARTIALLY RESTORE THE EXPRESSION OF MOR, AND RELIEVE PAIN IN RATS. IN THE PROCESS OF NPP, METTL3 MAY INHIBIT THE EXPRESSION OF MOR BY REGULATING THE METHYLATION LEVEL OF OPRM1 GENE RNA ENCODING MOR, AND ULTIMATELY PROMOTE THE OCCURRENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF NPP.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
15   500  24 ASSOCIATION BETWEEN NEUROPATHIC PAIN CHARACTERISTICS AND DNA METHYLATION OF TRANSIENT RECEPTOR POTENTIAL ANKYRIN 1 IN HUMAN PERIPHERAL BLOOD. ELUCIDATION OF EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS CORRELATING WITH NEUROPATHIC PAIN IN HUMANS IS CRUCIAL FOR THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF THIS TREATMENT-RESISTANT PAIN STATE. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN NEUROPATHIC PAIN CHARACTERISTICS AND DNA METHYLATION OF THE TRANSIENT RECEPTOR POTENTIAL ANKYRIN 1 (TRPA1) GENE WERE EVALUATED IN CHRONIC PAIN PATIENTS AND PREOPERATIVE PATIENTS. PAIN AND PSYCHOLOGICAL STATES WERE PROSPECTIVELY ASSESSED IN PATIENTS WHO SUFFERED CHRONIC PAIN OR WERE SCHEDULED FOR THORACIC SURGERY. NEUROPATHIC CHARACTERISTICS WERE ASSESSED USING THE DOULEUR NEUROPATHIQUE 4 (DN4) QUESTIONNAIRE. DNA METHYLATION LEVELS OF THE CPG ISLANDS IN THE TRPA1 GENE WERE EXAMINED USING WHOLE BLOOD. FORTY-EIGHT ADULT PATIENTS WERE ENROLLED IN THIS STUDY. INCREASES IN DNA METHYLATION RATES AT CPG -51 SHOWED POSITIVE CORRELATIONS WITH INCREASES IN THE DN4 SCORE BOTH IN PREOPERATIVE AND CHRONIC PAIN PATIENTS. COMBINED METHYLATION RATES AT CPG -51 IN THESE PATIENTS ALSO SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED TOGETHER WITH INCREASE IN DN4 SCORES. NEUROPATHIC PAIN CHARACTERISTICS ARE LIKELY ASSOCIATED WITH METHYLATION RATES AT THE PROMOTER REGION OF THE TRPA1 GENE IN HUMAN PERIPHERAL BLOOD.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
16  3783  20 INTERFERON-GAMMA PROMOTER HYPOMETHYLATION AND INCREASED EXPRESSION IN CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS. AIM: THE GOAL OF THIS INVESTIGATION WAS TO DETERMINE WHETHER EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN THE IFNG PROMOTER ARE ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASE OF IFNG TRANSCRIPTION IN DIFFERENT STAGES OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES. MATERIALS AND METHODS: DNA WAS EXTRACTED FROM GINGIVAL BIOPSY SAMPLES COLLECTED FROM 47 TOTAL SITES FROM 47 DIFFERENT SUBJECTS: 23 PERIODONTALLY HEALTHY SITES, 12 EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED GINGIVITIS SITES AND 12 CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS SITES. LEVELS OF DNA METHYLATION WITHIN THE IFNG PROMOTER CONTAINING SIX CPG DINUCLEOTIDES WERE DETERMINED USING PYROSEQUENCING TECHNOLOGY. INTERFERON GAMMA MRNA EXPRESSION WAS ANALYSED BY QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTIONS USING ISOLATED RNA FROM PART OF THE BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES MENTIONED ABOVE. RESULTS: THE METHYLATION LEVEL OF ALL SIX ANALYSED CPG SITES WITHIN THE IFNG PROMOTER REGION IN THE PERIODONTITIS BIOPSIES 52% [INTERQUARTILE RANGE, IQR (43.8%, 63%)] WAS SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER THAN PERIODONTALLY HEALTHY SAMPLES 62% [IQR (51.3%, 74%)], P=0.007 AND GINGIVITIS BIOPSIES 63% [IQR (55%, 74%)], P=0.02. THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL LEVEL OF IFNG IN PERIODONTITIS BIOPSIES WAS 1.96-FOLD AND SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER THAN TISSUES WITH PERIODONTAL HEALTH (P=0.04). ALTHOUGH THE MRNA LEVEL FROM EXPERIMENTAL GINGIVITIS SAMPLES EXHIBITED AN 8.5-FOLD INCREASE AS COMPARED WITH PERIODONTALLY HEALTHY SAMPLES, NO SIGNIFICANT METHYLATION DIFFERENCE WAS OBSERVED IN EXPERIMENTAL GINGIVITIS SAMPLE. CONCLUSIONS: A HYPOMETHYLATION PROFILE WITHIN IFNG PROMOTER REGION IS RELATED TO AN INCREASE OF IFNG TRANSCRIPTION PRESENT IN THE CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS BIOPSIES, WHILE SUCH AN INCREASE OF IFNG IN EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED GINGIVITIS SEEMS INDEPENDENT OF PROMOTER METHYLATION ALTERATION.	2010	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
17  2197  25 EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OF BDNF MEDIATES NEUROPATHIC PAIN VIA MIR-30A-3P/EP300 AXIS IN CCI RATS. RECENT INVESTIGATION OF MICRORNAS ON CHRONIC PAIN HAS DEVELOPED A BREAKTHROUGH IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN MANAGEMENT. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, DECREASED EXPRESSION OF MIR-30A-3P WAS REPORTED USING QRT-PCR ANALYSIS AND LOSS OF MIR-30A-3P PROMOTED NEUROPATHIC PAIN PROGRESSION IN SCIATIC NERVE CHRONIC CONSTRICTIVE INJURY RATS THROUGH DETERMINING THE PAIN THRESHOLD. WE PREDICTED MIR-30A-3P COULD TARGET E-CADHERIN TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATOR (EP300) VIA BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSIS. MEANWHILE, WE FOUND THAT BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) IS INVOLVED IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN. HERE, WE EXHIBITED THAT EP300 EPIGENETICALLY UP-REGULATED BDNF VIA ENHANCING ACETYLATED HISTONE H3 AND H4 ON THE PROMOTER. FOR ANOTHER, MIR-30A-3P WAS ABLE TO MODIFY THE LEVEL OF BDNF AND ACETYLATED HISTONE H3 AND H4. LOSS OF MIR-30A-3P ENHANCED EP300 AND BDNF COLOCALIZATION IN CCI RATS. SUBSEQUENTLY, IT WAS SHOWN THAT INCREASED EP300 INDUCED NEUROPATHIC PAIN BY AN ENHANCEMENT OF NEURONAL BDNF LEVEL IN VIVO. TO SUM UP, IT WAS REVEALED THAT EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OF BDNF PROMOTED NEUROPATHIC PAIN VIA EP300 INDUCED BY MIR-30A-3P IN CCI RATS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
18  4825  17 OCULAR FUNDUS ABNORMALITIES IN PATIENTS WITH BALKAN ENDEMIC NEPHROPATHY AND OTHER CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASES. AIM: THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO EXAMINE THE OCULAR FUNDUS PATHOLOGY IN PATIENTS WITH BALKAN ENDEMIC NEPHROPATHY (BN) AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASES (CKD). METHODS: THE STUDY INCLUDED 51 PATIENTS WITH BN FROM THE SOUTH MORAVA RIVER REGION IN SERBIA, AND 102 SUBJECTS WITH DIFFERENT STAGES OF CHRONIC RENAL DISEASES, MATCHED ACCORDING TO AGE AND GENDER, OBTAINED FROM A DATABASE USED IN A RECENTLY PUBLISHED STUDY. ALL PATIENTS HAD VISITED OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT OF THE CLINIC OF NEPHROLOGY, CLINICAL CENTER NIS. ALL PATIENTS UNDERWENT ROUTINE OPHTHALMIC EXAMINATIONS. RESULTS: THERE WERE SIGNIFICANTLY MORE (P < 0.001) PATIENTS WITH AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) IN THE GROUP WITH BN (31.37 %) THAN IN THOSE WITH CKD (5.88 %). MULTIVARIATE LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS CONFIRMED THAT THE SIGNIFICANT FACTORS RELATED TO AMD IN THE GROUP WITH BN WERE ALBUMINURIA (P < 0.05) AND PROTEINURIA (P < 0.05); IN CKD PATIENTS, THE LEVEL OF HDL (P < 0.05), WHILE NEGATIVE CORRELATION WITH THE LEVEL OF TRIGLYCERIDE WAS REGISTERED (P < 0.05). THERE WAS NO ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ESTIMATED GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE AND AMD. THE SIGNIFICANT FACTORS RELATED TO RETINOPATHY IN THE GROUP WITH BN ARE AGE (P < 0.05) AND SERUM CREATININE VALUES (P < 0.05), IN PATIENTS WITH CKD INCREASING AGE (P < 0.001) AND DM (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: OCULAR FUNDUS PATHOLOGY IN PATIENTS WITH BN IS SIMILAR TO THE PATHOLOGY OF OTHER CKD, BUT WITH SIGNIFICANTLY MORE AMD (ABOUT FOUR TIMES), PROBABLY RELATED TO THE GENETIC/EPIGENETIC FACTORS.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
19  6660  44 UPREGULATION OF CXCR4 THROUGH PROMOTER DEMETHYLATION CONTRIBUTES TO INFLAMMATORY HYPERALGESIA IN RATS. AIM AND METHODS: CHRONIC PAIN ASSOCIATED WITH INFLAMMATION IS A COMMON CLINICAL PROBLEM, AND THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS YET ARE INCOMPLETELY DEFINED. DNA METHYLATION HAS BEEN IMPLICATED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC PAIN. HOWEVER, THE SPECIFIC GENES REGULATED BY DNA METHYLATION UNDER INFLAMMATORY PAIN CONDITION REMAIN LARGELY UNKNOWN. HERE, WE INVESTIGATED HOW CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CXCR4 EXPRESSION IS REGULATED BY DNA METHYLATION AND HOW IT CONTRIBUTES TO INFLAMMATORY PAIN INDUCED BY COMPLETE FREUND'S ADJUVANT (CFA) IN RATS. RESULTS: INTRAPLANTAR INJECTION OF CFA COULD NOT ONLY INDUCE SIGNIFICANT HYPERALGESIA IN RATS, BUT ALSO SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASE THE EXPRESSION OF CXCR4 MRNA AND PROTEIN IN THE DORSAL ROOT GANGLION (DRG). INTRATHECAL INJECTION OF CXCR4 ANTAGONIST AMD3100 SIGNIFICANTLY RELIEVED HYPERALGESIA IN INFLAMMATORY RATS IN A TIME- AND DOSE-DEPENDENT MANNER. BISULFITE SEQUENCING AND METHYLATION-SPECIFIC PCR DEMONSTRATE THAT CFA INJECTION LED TO A SIGNIFICANT DEMETHYLATION OF CPG ISLAND AT CXCR4 GENE PROMOTER. CONSISTENTLY, THE EXPRESSION OF DNMT3B WAS SIGNIFICANTLY DOWNREGULATED AFTER CFA INJECTION. ONLINE SOFTWARE PREDICTION REVEALS THREE BINDING SITES OF P65 IN THE CPG ISLAND OF CXCR4 GENE PROMOTER, WHICH HAS CONFIRMED BY THE CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ASSAY, CFA TREATMENT SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASES THE RECRUITMENT OF P65 TO CXCR4 GENE PROMOTER. INHIBITION OF NF-KB SIGNALING USING P65 INHIBITOR PYRROLIDINE DITHIOCARBAMATE SIGNIFICANTLY PREVENTED THE INCREASES OF THE CXCR4 EXPRESSION. CONCLUSION: UPREGULATION OF CXCR4 EXPRESSION DUE TO PROMOTER DEMETHYLATION FOLLOWED BY INCREASED RECRUITMENT OF P65 TO PROMOTER OF CXCR4 GENE CONTRIBUTES TO INFLAMMATORY HYPERALGESIA. THESE FINDINGS PROVIDE A THEORETICAL BASIS FOR THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC PAIN FROM AN EPIGENETIC PERSPECTIVE.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
20  3810  35 INTRATHECAL 5-AZACYTIDINE INHIBITS GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION AND METHYL- CPG-BINDING PROTEIN 2 EXPRESSION AND ALLEVIATES NEUROPATHIC PAIN IN RATS FOLLOWING CHRONIC CONSTRICTION INJURY. THE PATHOGENESIS OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN REMAINS LARGELY UNKNOWN. EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS MAY PLAY A MAJOR ROLE IN REGULATING EXPRESSION OF PRO- OR ANTINOCICEPTIVE GENES. DNA METHYLATION IS A MAJOR EPIGENETIC MECHANISM IN VERTEBRATES, AND METHYL- CPG-BINDING PROTEIN 2 (MECP2) IS DIRECTLY INVOLVED IN METHYLATION-MEDIATED GENE SILENCING. TO DETERMINE HOW CHANGES IN GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION AND MECP2 EXPRESSION OCCUR FOLLOWING CHRONIC CONSTRICTION INJURY (CCI) AND HOW REPRESSION OF DNA METHYLATION AFFECTS THESE CHANGES AND ATTENUATES NEUROPATHIC PAIN, WE USED INTRATHECAL 5-AZACYTIDINE, A DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITOR, IN CCI RATS. RATS RECEIVED 0.9% SALINE OR 5-AZACYTIDINE (10MUMOL.D(-1)) VIA SPINAL INJECTION ONCE DAILY FROM DAY 3 TO DAY 14 AFTER CCI SURGERY. GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION AND MECP2 EXPRESSION INCREASED IN THE SPINAL CORD IN CCI RATS ON DAY 14 AFTER CCI SURGERY. MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA AND THERMAL HYPERALGESIA INDUCED BY CCI WERE ATTENUATED BY INTRATHECAL 5-AZACYTIDINE FROM DAY 5 TO DAY 14 AFTER CCI SURGERY. THE INCREASES IN GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION AND MECP2 EXPRESSION IN THE SPINAL CORD IN CCI RATS WERE ALSO SIGNIFICANTLY INHIBITED BY INTRATHECAL 5-AZACYTIDINE. THESE RESULTS DEMONSTRATE THAT INCREASED GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION AND MECP2 EXPRESSION IN THE SPINAL CORD AFTER NERVE DAMAGE MAY PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN. 5-AZACYTIDINE SHOWS POTENTIAL FOR TREATING NEUROPATHIC PAIN.	2011