1  1051 120 CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS OF EXOSOME-DERIVED NONCODING RNAS IN LIVER. EXOSOMES, ONE OF THREE MAIN TYPES OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES, ARE ~30-100 NM IN DIAMETER AND HAVE A LIPID BILAYER MEMBRANE. THEY ARE WIDELY DISTRIBUTED IN ALMOST ALL BODY FLUIDS. EXOSOMES HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO REGULATE UNKNOWN CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS IN INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION, ORGAN HOMEOSTASIS, AND DISEASES. THEY ARE CRITICAL SIGNAL CARRIERS THAT TRANSFER NUCLEIC ACIDS, PROTEINS, LIPIDS, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES INTO RECIPIENT CELLS, PARTICIPATING IN CELLULAR SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND MATERIAL EXCHANGE. NCRNAS ARE NON-PROTEIN-CODING GENES THAT ACCOUNT FOR OVER 90% OF THE GENOME AND INCLUDE MICRORNAS (MIRNAS), LONG NCRNAS (LNCRNAS), AND CIRCULAR RNAS (CIRCRNAS). NCRNAS ARE CRUCIAL FOR PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES IN THE LIVER BY PARTICIPATING IN GENE TRANSCRIPTION, POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL EPIGENETIC REGULATION, AND CELLULAR PROCESSES THROUGH INTERACTING WITH DNA, RNA, OR PROTEINS. RECENT EVIDENCE FROM BOTH CLINICAL AND PRECLINICAL STUDIES INDICATES THAT EXOSOME-DERIVED NONCODING RNAS (NCRNAS) ARE HIGHLY INVOLVED IN THE PROGRESSION OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC LIVER DISEASES BY REGULATING HEPATIC LIPID METABOLISM, INNATE IMMUNITY, VIRAL INFECTION, FIBROSIS, AND CANCER. THEREFORE, EXOSOME-DERIVED NCRNAS HAVE PROMISING POTENTIAL AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS FOR THE EARLY DIAGNOSIS, TARGETED THERAPY, AND PROGNOSIS OF LIVER DISEASES.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
2  2723  41 EXOSOMES: NOMENCLATURE, ISOLATION, AND BIOLOGICAL ROLES IN LIVER DISEASES. THE BIOGENESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ROLES OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES (EVS) IN THE PROGRESSION OF LIVER DISEASES HAVE ATTRACTED CONSIDERABLE ATTENTION IN RECENT YEARS. EVS ARE MEMBRANE-BOUND NANOSIZED VESICLES FOUND IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF BODY FLUIDS AND CONTAIN VARIOUS BIOACTIVE MATERIALS, INCLUDING PROTEINS, LIPIDS, NUCLEIC ACIDS, AND MITOCHONDRIAL DNA. BASED ON THEIR ORIGIN AND BIOGENESIS, EVS CAN BE CLASSIFIED AS APOPTOTIC BODIES, MICROVESICLES, AND EXOSOMES. AMONG THESE, EXOSOMES ARE THE SMALLEST EVS (30-150 NM IN DIAMETER), WHICH PLAY A SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN CELL-TO-CELL COMMUNICATION AND EPIGENETIC REGULATION. MOREOVER, EXOSOMAL CONTENT ANALYSIS CAN REVEAL THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE PARENTAL CELL. THEREFORE, EXOSOMES CAN BE APPLIED TO VARIOUS PURPOSES, INCLUDING DISEASE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT, DRUG DELIVERY, CELL-FREE VACCINES, AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE. HOWEVER, EXOSOME-RELATED RESEARCH FACES TWO MAJOR LIMITATIONS: ISOLATION OF EXOSOMES WITH HIGH YIELD AND PURITY AND DISTINCTION OF EXOSOMES FROM OTHER EVS (ESPECIALLY MICROVESICLES). NO STANDARDIZED EXOSOME ISOLATION METHOD HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED TO DATE; HOWEVER, VARIOUS EXOSOME ISOLATION STRATEGIES HAVE BEEN PROPOSED TO INVESTIGATE THEIR BIOLOGICAL ROLES. EXOSOME-MEDIATED INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATIONS ARE KNOWN TO BE INVOLVED IN ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE AND NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE DEVELOPMENT. DAMAGED HEPATOCYTES OR NONPARENCHYMAL CELLS RELEASE LARGE NUMBERS OF EXOSOMES THAT PROMOTE THE PROGRESSION OF INFLAMMATION AND FIBROGENESIS THROUGH INTERACTIONS WITH NEIGHBORING CELLS. EXOSOMES ARE EXPECTED TO PROVIDE INSIGHT ON THE PROGRESSION OF LIVER DISEASE. HERE, WE REVIEW THE BIOGENESIS OF EXOSOMES, EXOSOME ISOLATION TECHNIQUES, AND BIOLOGICAL ROLES OF EXOSOMES IN ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE AND NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
3  4324  34 MICRORNAS IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: FROM PATHOGENESIS TO CLINICAL IMPACT. OVER THE LAST DECADE, MANY EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS THAT CONTRIBUTE IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS HAVE BEEN REVEALED. MICRORNAS (MIRNAS) ARE SMALL, NON-CODING, RNA MOLECULES THAT BIND TO MESSENGER RNAS AND DISRUPT THE TRANSCRIPTION OF TARGET GENES. RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA) IS A CHRONIC SYSTEMIC AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE IN WHICH A PLETHORA OF EPIGENETIC CHANGES TAKE PLACE. CURRENT RESEARCH ON RA EPIGENETICS HAS FOCUSED MAINLY ON MIRNAS. GENETIC VARIANCE OF SOME MIRNA GENES, ESPECIALLY MIR-499, MIGHT PREDISPOSE AN INDIVIDUAL TO RA DEVELOPMENT. ADDITIONALLY, ALTERED EXPRESSION OF MANY MIRNAS HAS BEEN DISCOVERED IN SEVERAL CELLS, TISSUES AND BODY FLUIDS IN PATIENTS WITH RA. MIRNAS EXPRESSION ALSO DIFFERS DEPENDING ON DISEASE'S STAGE AND ACTIVITY. SERUM MIR-22 AND MIR-103A MIGHT PREDICT RA DEVELOPMENT IN SUSCEPTIBLE INDIVIDUALS (PRE-RA), WHILE SERUM MIR-16, MIR-24, MIR-125A AND MIR-223 LEVELS ARE ALTERED IN EARLY RA (DISEASE DURATION <12 MONTHS) PATIENTS COMPARED TO ESTABLISHED RA OR HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS. MOREOVER, SERUM MIR-223 LEVELS HAVE BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH RA ACTIVITY AND DISEASE RELAPSE. WHAT IS MORE, SERUM LEVELS OF SEVERAL MIRNAS, INCLUDING MIR-125B AND MIR-223, COULD BE USED TO PREDICT RESPONSE TO RA TREATMENT. FINALLY, MIRNA ANALOGS OR ANTAGONISTS HAVE BEEN USED AS THERAPEUTIC REGIMENS IN EXPERIMENTAL ARTHRITIS MODELS AND HAVE DEMONSTRATED PROMISING RESULTS. IN CONCLUSION, THE RESEARCH ON THE MIRNA ALTERATIONS IN RA SHEDS LIGHT TO SEVERAL ASPECTS OF RA PATHOGENESIS, INTRODUCES NEW BIOMARKERS FOR RA DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT RESPONSE PREDICTION AND OFFERS THE OPPORTUNITY TO DISCOVER NEW, TARGETED DRUGS FOR PATIENTS WITH RA.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
4  2722  36 EXOSOMES AS A NEW PAIN BIOMARKER OPPORTUNITY. EXOSOMES ARE EXTRACELLULAR MICROVESICLES IMPLICATED IN INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION WITH ABILITY TO TRANSFER CARGO MOLECULES, INCLUDING PROTEIN, LIPIDS, AND NUCLEIC ACIDS, AT BOTH CLOSE AND DISTANT TARGET SITES. IT HAS BEEN SHOWN THAT EXOSOMES ARE IMPLICATED IN PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL PROCESSES. IN RECENT YEARS, THE INTEREST ON EXOSOMES' ROLE IN MANY PAIN STATES HAS INCREASED. THEIR INVOLVEMENTS IN PAIN PROCESSES HAVE BEEN DEMONSTRATED BY STUDIES ON DIFFERENT CHRONIC PAIN DISEASES, BOTH INFLAMMATORY AND NEUROPATHIC, SUCH AS OSTEOARTHRITIS, RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES, NEURODEGENERATIVE PATHOLOGIES, COMPLEX REGIONAL PAIN SYNDROME, AND PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY. ANIMAL AND CLINICAL STUDIES INVESTIGATED EXOSOMES-BASED TREATMENTS, SHOWING THEIR ABILITY TO IMPROVE PAINFUL SYMPTOMS WITH FEWER SIDE EFFECTS, WITH POTENTIAL IMMUNOPROTECTIVE AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT. SPECIFIC MOLECULAR PATTERNS CHARACTERIZE EXOSOMES' CARGO ACCORDING TO THE CELLULAR ORIGIN, EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL STATE, AND STRESSOR FACTORS. THEREFORE, THE IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIFIC CARGO'S PROFILE ASSOCIATED TO PAIN STATES MAY LEAD TO RECOGNIZE SPECIFIC PATHOLOGICAL STATES AND TO CONSIDER THE USE OF EXOSOMES AS BIOMARKERS OF DISEASES. FURTHERMORE, EXOSOMES' ABILITY TO TRANSFER INFORMATION AND THEIR PRESENCE IN MANY ACCESSIBLE BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS SUGGEST A POTENTIAL USE AS NOVEL NON-INVASIVE THERAPEUTIC TOOLS IN PAIN FIELD.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
5  2720  52 EXOSOMAL MIRNAS IN HEPATITIS B VIRUS RELATED LIVER DISEASE: A NEW HOPE FOR BIOMARKER. THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION, IN ITS 2019 PROGRESS REPORT ON HIV, VIRAL HEPATITIS AND STDS INDICATES THAT 257 MILLION PEOPLE ARE AFFLICTED WITH CHRONIC HBV INFECTIONS, OF WHICH, 1 MILLION PATIENTS LOSE THEIR LIVES EVERY YEAR DUE TO HBV RELATED CHRONIC LIVER DISEASES INCLUDING SERIOUS COMPLICATIONS SUCH AS LIVER CIRRHOSIS AND HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA. THE COURSE OF HBV INFECTION AND ASSOCIATED LIVER INJURY DEPEND ON SEVERAL HOST FACTORS, GENETIC VARIABILITY OF THE VIRUS, AND THE HOST VIRAL INTERPLAY. THE CHALLENGE OF MEDICAL SCIENCE IS THE EARLY DIAGNOSIS/IDENTIFICATION OF THE POTENTIAL FOR DEVELOPMENT OF FATAL COMPLICATIONS LIKE LIVER CIRRHOSIS AND HCC SO THAT TIMELY MEDICAL INTERVENTION CAN IMPROVE THE CHANCES OF SURVIVAL. CURRENTLY, NEITHER THE VACCINATION REGIME NOR THE DIAGNOSTIC METHODS ARE COMPLETELY EFFECTIVE AS REFLECTED IN THE HIGH NUMBER OF ANNUAL DEATHS. IT IS EVIDENT FROM NUMEROUS PUBLICATIONS THAT MICRORNAS (MIRNAS) ARE THE CRITICAL REGULATORS OF GENE EXPRESSION AND VARIOUS CELLULAR PROCESSES LIKE PROLIFERATION, DEVELOPMENT, DIFFERENTIATION, APOPTOSIS AND TUMORIGENESIS. EXPRESSIONS OF THESE DIMINUTIVE RNAS ARE SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECTED IN CANCEROUS TISSUES AS A RESULT OF NUMEROUS GENOMIC AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS. EXOSOMES ARE MEMBRANE-DERIVED VESICLES (30-100 NM) SECRETED BY NORMAL AS WELL AS MALIGNANT CELLS, AND ARE PRESENT IN ALL BODY FLUIDS. THEY ARE RECOGNIZED AS CRITICAL MOLECULES IN INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION BETWEEN CELLS THROUGH HORIZONTAL TRANSFER OF INFORMATION VIA THEIR CARGO, WHICH INCLUDES SELECTIVE PROTEINS, MRNAS AND MIRNAS. EXOSOMAL MIRNAS ARE TRANSFERRED TO RECIPIENT CELLS WHERE THEY CAN REGULATE TARGET GENE EXPRESSION. THIS PROVIDES AN INSIGHT INTO THE ELEMENTARY BIOLOGY OF CANCER PROGRESSION AND THEREFORE THE DEVELOPMENT OF THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES. THIS CONCISE REVIEW OUTLINES VARIOUS ON-GOING RESEARCH ON MIRNA MEDIATED REGULATION OF HBV PATHOGENESIS WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON ASSOCIATION OF EXOSOMAL MIRNA IN ADVANCED STAGE LIVER DISEASE LIKE HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA. THIS REVIEW ALSO DISCUSSES THE POSSIBLE USE OF EXOSOMAL MIRNAS AS BIOMARKERS IN THE EARLY DETECTION OF HCC AND LIVER CIRRHOSIS.	2020	

6  4282  30 MICRORNA AND EXOSOME: KEY PLAYERS IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS. RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA) IS KNOWN AS ONE OF IMPORTANT AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS WHICH CAN LEAD TO JOINT PAIN AND DAMAGE THROUGHOUT BODY. GIVEN THAT INTERNAL (IE, GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS) AND EXTERNAL FACTORS (IE, LIFESTYLE CHANGES, AGE, HORMONES, SMOKING, STRESS, AND OBESITY) INVOLVED IN RA PATHOGENESIS. INCREASING EVIDENCE INDICATED THAT CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR ALTERATIONS PLAY CRITICAL ROLES IN THE INITIATION AND PROGRESSION OF RA. AMONG VARIOUS TARGETS AND MOLECULAR SIGNALING PATHWAYS, MICRORNAS (MIRNAS) AND THEIR REGULATORY NETWORKS HAVE KEY ROLES IN THE RA PATHOGENESIS. IT HAS BEEN SHOWED THAT DEREGULATION OF MANY MIRNAS INVOLVED IN DIFFERENT STAGES OF RA. HENCE, IDENTIFICATION OF MIRNAS AND THEIR SIGNALING PATHWAYS IN RA, COULD CONTRIBUTE TO NEW KNOWLEDGE WHICH HELP TO BETTER TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH RA. BESIDES MIRNAS, EXOSOMES HAVE BEEN EMERGED AS KEY MESSENGERS IN RA PATHOGENESIS. EXSOSOMES ARE NANOCARRIERS WHICH COULD BE RELEASED FROM VARIOUS CELLS AND LEAD TO CHANGING OF BEHAVIORS RECIPIENT CELLS VIA TARGETING THEIR CARGOS (EG, PROTEINS, MESSENGER RNAS, MIRNAS, LONG NONCODING RNAS, DNAS). HERE, WE SUMMARIZED SEVERAL MIRNAS INVOLVED IN RA PATHOGENESIS. MOREOVER, WE HIGHLIGHTED THE ROLES OF EXOSOMES IN RA PATHOGENESIS.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
7  4885  36 OVERVIEW ON MOLECULAR BIOMARKERS FOR LARYNGEAL CANCER: LOOKING FOR NEW ANSWERS TO AN OLD PROBLEM. LARYNGEAL SQUAMOUS CELL CANCER (LSCC) ACCOUNTS FOR ALMOST 25-30% OF ALL HEAD AND NECK SQUAMOUS CELL CANCERS AND IS CLUSTERED ACCORDING TO THE AFFECTED DISTRICTS, AS THIS DETERMINES DISTINCT TENDENCY TO RECUR AND METASTASIZE. A MAJOR ROLE FOR NUMEROUS GENETIC ALTERATIONS IN DRIVING THE ONSET AND PROGRESSION OF THIS NEOPLASM IS EMERGING. HOWEVER, MAJOR EFFORTS ARE STILL REQUIRED FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF MOLECULAR MARKERS USEFUL FOR BOTH EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND PROGNOSTIC DEFINITION OF LSCC THAT IS STILL CHARACTERIZED BY SIGNIFICANT MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY. NON-CODING RNAS APPEAR THE MOST PROMISING AS THEY CIRCULATE IN ALL THE BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS ALLOWING LIQUID BIOPSY DETERMINATION, AS WELL AS DUE TO THEIR QUICK AND CHARACTERISTIC MODULATION USEFUL FOR NON-INVASIVE DETECTION AND MONITORING OF CANCER. OTHER CRITICAL ASPECTS ARE RELATED TO RECENT PROGRESS IN CIRCULATING TUMOR CELLS AND DNA DETECTION, IN METASTATIC STATUS AND CHEMO-REFRACTORINESS PREDICTION, AND IN THE FUNCTIONAL INTERACTION OF LSCC WITH CHRONIC INFLAMMATION AND INNATE IMMUNITY. WE REVIEW ALL THESE ASPECTS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE PROGRESS OF THE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE FIELD OF NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
8  1136  37 COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW OF MICRORNA FUNCTION IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS. MICRORNAS (MIRNAS), A CLASS OF ENDOGENOUS SINGLE-STRANDED SHORT NONCODING RNAS, HAVE EMERGED AS VITAL EPIGENETIC REGULATORS OF BOTH PATHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN ANIMALS. THEY DIRECT FUNDAMENTAL CELLULAR PATHWAYS AND PROCESSES BY FINE-TUNING THE EXPRESSION OF MULTIPLE GENES AT THE POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL LEVEL. GROWING EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT MIRNAS ARE IMPLICATED IN THE ONSET AND DEVELOPMENT OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA). RA IS A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE THAT MAINLY AFFECTS SYNOVIAL JOINTS. THIS COMMON AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER IS CHARACTERIZED BY A COMPLEX AND MULTIFACETED PATHOGENESIS, AND ITS MORBIDITY, DISABILITY AND MORTALITY RATES REMAIN CONSISTENTLY HIGH. MORE IN-DEPTH INSIGHTS INTO THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS OF RA ARE REQUIRED TO ADDRESS UNMET CLINICAL NEEDS AND OPTIMIZE TREATMENT. HEREIN, WE COMPREHENSIVELY REVIEW THE DEREGULATED MIRNAS AND IMPAIRED CELLULAR FUNCTIONS IN RA TO SHED LIGHT ON SEVERAL ASPECTS OF RA PATHOGENESIS, WITH A FOCUS ON EXCESSIVE INFLAMMATION, SYNOVIAL HYPERPLASIA AND PROGRESSIVE JOINT DAMAGE. THIS REVIEW ALSO PROVIDES PROMISING TARGETS FOR INNOVATIVE THERAPIES OF RA. IN ADDITION, WE DISCUSS THE REGULATORY ROLES AND CLINICAL POTENTIAL OF EXTRACELLULAR MIRNAS IN RA, HIGHLIGHTING THEIR PROSPECTIVE APPLICATIONS AS DIAGNOSTIC AND PREDICTIVE BIOMARKERS.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
9  5495  39 REVIEW ON CIRCULAR RNAS AND NEW INSIGHTS INTO THEIR ROLES IN CANCER. CIRCULAR RNAS (CIRCRNAS) ARE A VERY INTERESTING CLASS OF CONSERVED SINGLE-STRANDED RNA MOLECULES DERIVED FROM EXONIC OR INTRONIC SEQUENCES BY PRECURSOR MRNA BACK-SPLICING. UNLIKE CANONICAL LINEAR RNAS, CIRCRNAS FORM COVALENTLY CLOSED, CONTINUOUS STABLE LOOPS WITHOUT A 5'END CAP AND 3'END POLY(A) TAIL, AND THEREFORE ARE RESISTANT TO EXONUCLEASE DIGESTION. THE MAJORITY OF CIRCRNAS ARE HIGHLY ABUNDANT, AND CONSERVED ACROSS DIFFERENT SPECIES WITH A TISSUE OR DEVELOPMENTAL-STAGE-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION. CIRCRNAS HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO PLAY IMPORTANT ROLES AS MICRORNA SPONGES, REGULATORS OF GENE SPLICING AND TRANSCRIPTION, RNA-BINDING PROTEIN SPONGES AND PROTEIN/PEPTIDE TRANSLATORS. EMERGING EVIDENCE REVEALS THAT CIRCRNAS FUNCTION IN VARIOUS HUMAN DISEASES, PARTICULARLY CANCERS, AND MAY FUNCTION AS BETTER PREDICTIVE BIOMARKERS AND THERAPEUTIC TARGETS FOR CANCER TREATMENT. IN CONSIDERATION OF THEIR POTENTIAL CLINICAL RELEVANCE, CIRCRNAS HAVE BECOME A NEW RESEARCH HOTSPOT IN THE FIELD OF TUMOR PATHOLOGY. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, THE CURRENT UNDERSTANDING OF THE BIOGENESIS, CHARACTERISTICS, DATABASES, RESEARCH METHODS, BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS SUBCELLULAR DISTRIBUTION, EPIGENETIC REGULATION, EXTRACELLULAR TRANSPORT AND DEGRADATION OF CIRCRNAS WAS DISCUSSED. IN PARTICULAR, THE MULTIPLE DATABASES AND METHODS INVOLVED IN CIRCRNA RESEARCH WERE FIRST SUMMARIZED, AND THE RECENT ADVANCES IN DETERMINING THE POTENTIAL ROLES OF CIRCRNAS IN TUMOR GROWTH, MIGRATION AND INVASION, WHICH RENDER CIRCRNAS BETTER PREDICTIVE BIOMARKERS, WERE DESCRIBED. FURTHERMORE, FUTURE PERSPECTIVES FOR THE CLINICAL APPLICATION OF CIRCRNAS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH CANCER WERE PROPOSED, WHICH COULD PROVIDE NEW INSIGHTS INTO CIRCRNAS IN THE FUTURE.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
10  4315  27 MICRORNAS AS NEW TARGETS OF DIETARY POLYPHENOLS. IN THE LASTS YEARS IT HAS BECOME EVIDENT THAT POLYPHENOLS MODIFY CELL FUNCTIONALITY THROUGH EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS, SUCH AS MODULATING MICRORNA (MIRNA) LEVELS. MIRNAS ARE SMALL NON-CODING RNAS OF ABOUT 22 NUCLEOTIDES IN LENGTH, THAT MODULATE GENE EXPRESSION AT THE POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL LEVEL. MIRNAS ARE INVOLVED IN ALMOST ALL BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES, AFFECT MOST METABOLIC PATHWAYS AND RECENT EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THEIR DYSREGULATION IN A NUMBER OF METABOLIC DISORDERS AND DISEASES. IN THIS SENSE, MIRNAS ARE EMERGING AS POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS OF NUMEROUS PATHOLOGIES AND THEREFORE AS NEW THERAPEUTIC TARGETS. POLYPHENOLIC MODULATION OF MIRNAS IS VERY ATTRACTIVE AS A STRATEGY TO TARGET NUMEROUS CELL PROCESSES AND POTENTIALLY REDUCE THE RISK OF CHRONIC DISEASES.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
11  1059  20 CLINICAL PERSPECTIVES OF NON-CODING RNA IN ORAL INFLAMMATORY DISEASES AND NEUROPATHIC PAIN: A NARRATIVE REVIEW. NON-CODING RNAS (NCRNAS) REPRESENT A RESEARCH HOTSPOT BY PLAYING A KEY ROLE IN EPIGENETIC AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION OF DIVERSE BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS AND DUE TO THEIR INVOLVEMENT IN DIFFERENT DISEASES, INCLUDING ORAL INFLAMMATORY DISEASES. BASED ON NCRNAS' SUITABILITY FOR SALIVARY BIOMARKERS AND THEIR INVOLVEMENT IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN AND TISSUE REGENERATION SIGNALING PATHWAYS, THE PRESENT NARRATIVE REVIEW AIMS TO HIGHLIGHT THE POTENTIAL CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF NCRNAS IN ORAL INFLAMMATORY DISEASES, WITH AN EMPHASIS ON SALIVARY DIAGNOSTICS, REGENERATIVE DENTISTRY, AND PRECISION MEDICINE FOR NEUROPATHIC OROFACIAL PAIN.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
12  2544  29 EPIGENETICS IN LIVER DISEASE: FROM BIOLOGY TO THERAPEUTICS. KNOWLEDGE OF THE FUNDAMENTAL EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS GOVERNING GENE EXPRESSION AND CELLULAR PHENOTYPE ARE SUFFICIENTLY ADVANCED THAT NOVEL INSIGHTS INTO THE EPIGENETIC CONTROL OF CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE ARE NOW EMERGING. HEPATOLOGISTS ARE IN THE PROCESS OF SHEDDING LIGHT ON THE ROLES PLAYED BY DNA METHYLATION, HISTONE/CHROMATIN MODIFICATIONS AND NON-CODING RNAS IN SPECIFIC LIVER PATHOLOGIES. ALONGSIDE THESE DISCOVERIES ARE ADVANCES IN THE TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE DETECTION AND QUANTIFICATION OF EPIGENETIC BIOMARKERS, EITHER DIRECTLY FROM PATIENT TISSUE OR FROM BODY FLUIDS. THE PREMISE FOR THIS REVIEW IS TO SURVEY THE RECENT ADVANCES IN THE FIELD OF LIVER EPIGENETICS AND TO EXPLORE THEIR POTENTIAL FOR TRANSLATION BY INDUSTRY AND CLINICAL HEPATOLOGISTS FOR THE DESIGN OF NOVEL THERAPEUTICS AND DIAGNOSTIC/PROGNOSTIC BIOMARKERS. IN PARTICULAR, WE PRESENT FINDINGS IN THE CONTEXT OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA, FIBROSIS AND NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE, WHERE THERE IS URGENT UNMET NEED FOR NEW CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS AND BIOMARKERS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
13  4720  30 NONCODING RNAS AS ADDITIONAL MEDIATORS OF EPIGENETIC REGULATION IN NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE. NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD) HAS EMERGED AS THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF CHRONIC LIVER DISORDER WORLDWIDE. IT REPRESENTS A SPECTRUM THAT INCLUDES A CONTINUUM OF DIFFERENT CLINICAL ENTITIES RANGING FROM SIMPLE STEATOSIS TO NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS, WHICH CAN EVOLVE TO CIRRHOSIS AND IN SOME CASES TO HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA, ULTIMATELY LEADING TO LIVER FAILURE. THE PATHOGENESIS OF NAFLD AND THE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING ITS PROGRESSION TO MORE PATHOLOGICAL STAGES ARE NOT COMPLETELY UNDERSTOOD. BESIDES GENETIC FACTORS, EVIDENCE INDICATES THAT EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS OCCURRING IN RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL STIMULI ALSO CONTRIBUTE TO THE DISEASE RISK. NONCODING RNAS (NCRNAS), INCLUDING MICRORNAS, LONG NONCODING RNAS, AND CIRCULAR RNAS, ARE ONE OF THE EPIGENETIC FACTORS THAT PLAY KEY REGULATORY ROLES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NAFLD. AS THE FIELD OF NCRNAS IS RAPIDLY EVOLVING, THE PRESENT REVIEW AIMS TO EXPLORE THE CURRENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE ON THE ROLES OF THESE RNA SPECIES IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF NAFLD, HIGHLIGHT RELEVANT MECHANISMS BY WHICH SOME NCRNAS CAN MODULATE REGULATORY NETWORKS IMPLICATED IN NAFLD, AND DISCUSS KEY CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS FACING CURRENT RESEARCH IN THE HOPES OF DEVELOPING NCRNAS AS NEXT-GENERATION NON-INVASIVE DIAGNOSTICS AND THERAPIES IN NAFLD AND SUBSEQUENT PROGRESSION TO HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
14  2721  47 EXOSOMAL NON CODING RNAS AS A NOVEL TARGET FOR DIABETES MELLITUS AND ITS COMPLICATIONS. DIABETES MELLITUS (DM) IS A FIRST-LINE PRIORITY AMONG THE PROBLEMS FACING MEDICAL SCIENCE AND PUBLIC HEALTH IN ALMOST ALL COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD. THE MAIN PROBLEM OF DM IS THE HIGH INCIDENCE OF DAMAGE TO THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM, WHICH IN TURN LEADS TO DISEASES SUCH AS MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, STROKE, GANGRENE OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES, BLINDNESS AND CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE. AS A RESULT, THE STUDY OF THE MOLECULAR GENETIC MECHANISMS OF THE PATHOGENESIS OF DM IS OF CRITICAL IMPORTANCE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES. MOLECULAR GENETIC ASPECTS OF THE ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS OF DIABETES MELLITUS ARE INTENSIVELY STUDIED IN WELL-KNOWN LABORATORIES AROUND THE WORLD. ONE OF THE STRATEGIES IN THIS DIRECTION IS TO STUDY THE ROLE OF EXOSOMES IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF DM. EXOSOMES ARE MICROSCOPIC EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES WITH A DIAMETER OF 30-100 NM, RELEASED INTO THE INTERCELLULAR SPACE BY CELLS OF VARIOUS TISSUES AND ORGANS. THE CONTENT OF EXOSOMES DEPENDS ON THE CELL TYPE AND INCLUDES MRNA, NON-CODING RNAS, DNA, AND SO ON. NON-CODING RNAS, A GROUP OF RNAS WITH LIMITED TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVITY, HAVE BEEN DISCOVERED TO PLAY A SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN REGULATING GENE EXPRESSION THROUGH EPIGENETIC AND POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL MODULATION, SUCH AS SILENCING OF MESSENGER RNA. ONE OF THE PROBLEMS OF USAGE EXOSOMES IN DM IS THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE CELLULAR ORIGIN OF EXOSOMES AND THE STANDARDIZATION OF PROTOCOLS FOR MOLECULAR GENETIC STUDIES IN CLINICAL LABORATORIES. IN ADDITION, THE QUESTION OF THE TARGET ORIENTATION OF EXOSOMES AND THEIR TARGETED ACTIVITY REQUIRES ADDITIONAL STUDY. SOLVING THESE AND OTHER PROBLEMS WILL MAKE IT POSSIBLE TO USE EXOSOMES FOR THE DIAGNOSIS AND DELIVERY OF DRUGS DIRECTLY TO TARGET CELLS IN DM. THIS STUDY PRESENTS AN ANALYSIS OF LITERATURE DATA ON THE ROLE OF EXOSOMES AND NCRNAS IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION OF DM, AS WELL AS THE PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF EXOSOMES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE IN THIS DISEASE.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                               
15  4722  33 NONCODING RNAS IN NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE: POTENTIAL DIAGNOSIS AND PROGNOSIS BIOMARKERS. NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD) IS CURRENTLY THE MOST COMMON CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE WORLDWIDE IN PART DUE TO THE CONCOMITANT OBESITY PANDEMIC AND INSULIN RESISTANCE (IR). IT IS INCREASINGLY BECOMING EVIDENT THAT NAFLD IS A DISEASE AFFECTING NUMEROUS EXTRAHEPATIC VITAL ORGANS AND REGULATORY PATHWAYS. THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THE NONALCOHOLIC STEATOSIS FORMATION ARE POORLY UNDERSTOOD, AND LITTLE INFORMATION IS AVAILABLE ON THE PATHWAYS THAT ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE PROGRESSIVE HEPATOCELLULAR DAMAGE THAT FOLLOWS LIPID ACCUMULATION. RECENTLY, MUCH RESEARCH HAS FOCUSED ON THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO NAFLD PATHOGENESIS. NONCODING RNAS (NCRNAS) ARE ONE OF SUCH EPIGENETIC FACTORS THAT COULD BE IMPLICATED IN THE NAFLD DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION. IN THIS REVIEW, WE SUMMARIZE THE CURRENT KNOWLEDGE OF THE GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS POTENTIALLY UNDERLYING THE DISEASE. PARTICULAR EMPHASIS WILL BE PUT ON THE CONTRIBUTION OF MICRORNAS (MIRNAS), LONG NONCODING RNAS (LNCRNAS), AND CIRCULAR RNAS (CIRCRNAS) TO THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF NAFLD AS WELL AS THEIR POTENTIAL USE AS THERAPEUTIC TARGETS OR AS MARKERS FOR THE PREDICTION AND THE PROGRESSION OF THE DISEASE.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
16  1021  31 CIRCULAR RNA AS AN EPIGENETIC REGULATOR IN CHRONIC LIVER DISEASES. CIRCULAR RNA (CIRCRNA) IS A TYPE OF NON-CODING RNA CHARACTERIZED BY A COVALENTLY CLOSED CONTINUOUS LOOP. CIRCRNA IS GENERATED BY PRE-MRNA THROUGH BACK-SPLICING AND IS PROBABLY CLEARED UP BY EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES. CIRCRNAS PLAY A PIVOTAL ROLE IN THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION AT TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL LEVELS. RECENTLY, CIRCRNAS HAVE BEEN DEMONSTRATED TO BE INVOLVED IN THE REGULATION OF LIVER HOMEOSTASIS AND DISEASES. HOWEVER, THE EPIGENETIC ROLE AND UNDERLYING MECHANISMS OF CIRCRNAS IN CHRONIC LIVER DISEASES REMAIN UNCLEAR. THIS REVIEW DISCUSSED THE ROLE OF CIRCRNAS IN NON-NEOPLASTIC CHRONIC LIVER DISEASES, INCLUDING ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE (ALD), METABOLIC-ASSOCIATED FATTY LIVER DISEASE (MAFLD), VIRAL HEPATITIS, LIVER INJURY AND REGENERATION, LIVER CIRRHOSIS, AND AUTOIMMUNE LIVER DISEASE. THE REVIEW ALSO HIGHLIGHTED THAT FURTHER EFFORTS ARE URGENTLY NEEDED TO DEVELOP CIRCRNAS AS NOVEL DIAGNOSTICS AND THERAPEUTICS FOR CHRONIC LIVER DISEASES.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
17  6396  32 THE ROLE OF THE MIR-148/-152 FAMILY IN PHYSIOLOGY AND DISEASE. MICRORNAS (MIRNAS) ARE ENDOGENOUSLY ENCODED APPROXIMATELY 22 NT SMALL NON-CODING RNAS. THEY FUNCTION AS KEY PLAYERS OF MANY CELLULAR PROCESSES BY BASE PAIRING WITH TARGET MRNAS AND THEREBY IMPAIRING GENE EXPRESSION AT THE POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL LEVEL. RECENT FINDINGS DEMONSTRATE A CRITICAL ROLE OF MANY MIRNAS IN IMMUNE CELL DIFFERENTIATION AND IMMUNE RESPONSES, WHICH IS ALSO ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION OF MANY TUMOR AND NON-TUMOR DISEASES. HERE WE REVIEW THE MULTIFACETED MIRNA-148/-152 FAMILY MEMBERS CONSISTING OF MIR-148A, MIR-148B AND MIR-152. NEXT TO REGULATION MECHANISMS THAT CONTROL THE EXPRESSION OF THIS MIRNA FAMILY, WE WILL FOCUS ON (I) THE ROLE OF MIR-148A IN REGULATING B AND T LYMPHOCYTE FUNCTION AND ITS ROLE IN ASSOCIATED DISEASES AND (II) THE IMPORTANCE OF MIR-148/-152 FAMILY MEMBERS FOR CANCER INITIATION, TUMOR GROWTH AND METASTASIS FORMATION. IN ADDITION, THIS REVIEW AIMS TO HIGHLIGHT SOME SELECTED TARGETS OF THE MIRNA-148/-152 FAMILY MEMBERS, WHICH ARE INVOLVED IN THE BIOLOGY OF CANCER AND MAINTENANCE OF EPIGENETIC PATTERNS. IN CONCLUSION, MEMBERS OF THE MIR-148/-152 FAMILY MIGHT REPRESENT PROGNOSTIC MARKERS AND/OR POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS FOR TREATMENT OF AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS, CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES AND MULTIPLE TYPES OF CANCER.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
18  1716  31 DYSREGULATED CD4+ T CELLS AND MICRORNAS IN MYOCARDITIS. MYOCARDITIS IS A POLYMORPHIC DISEASE COMPLICATED WITH INDETERMINATE ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS, AND REPRESENTS ONE OF THE MOST CHALLENGING CLINICAL PROBLEMS LACKING SPECIFIC DIAGNOSIS AND EFFECTIVE THERAPY. IT IS CAUSED BY A COMPLEX INTERPLAY OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND GENETIC FACTORS, AND CAUSAL LINKS BETWEEN DYSREGULATED MICRORIBONUCLEIC ACIDS (MIRNAS) AND MYOCARDITIS HAVE ALSO BEEN SUPPORTED BY RECENT EPIGENETIC RESEARCHES. BOTH DYSREGULATED CD4+ T CELLS AND MIRNAS PLAY CRITICAL ROLES IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF MYOCARDITIS, AND THE CLASSIC TRIPHASIC MODEL OF ITS PATHOGENESIS CONSISTS OF THE ACUTE INFECTIOUS, SUBACUTE IMMUNE, AND RECOVERY/CHRONIC MYOPATHIC PHASE. CD4+ T CELLS ARE KEY PATHOGENIC FACTORS UNDERLYING THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION OF MYOCARDITIS, AND THE EFFECTOR AND REGULATORY SUBSETS, RESPECTIVELY, PROMOTE AND INHIBIT AUTOIMMUNE RESPONSES. FURTHERMORE, THE RECIPROCAL INTERPLAY OF THESE SUBSETS INFLUENCES THE PATHOGENESIS AS WELL. DYSREGULATED MIRNAS ALONG WITH THEIR MRNA AND PROTEIN TARGETS HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED IN HEART BIOPSIES (INTRACELLULAR MIRNAS) AND BODY FLUIDS (CIRCULATING MIRNAS) DURING MYOCARDITIS. THESE MIRNAS SHOW PHASE-DEPENDENT CHANGES, AND CORRELATE WITH VIRAL INFECTION, IMMUNE STATUS, FIBROSIS, DESTRUCTION OF CARDIOMYOCYTES, ARRHYTHMIAS, CARDIAC FUNCTIONS, AND OUTCOMES. THUS, MIRNAS ARE PROMISING DIAGNOSTIC MARKERS AND THERAPEUTIC TARGETS IN MYOCARDITIS. IN THIS REVIEW, WE REVIEW MYOCARDITIS WITH AN EMPHASIS ON ITS PATHOGENESIS, AND PRESENT A SUMMARY OF CURRENT KNOWLEDGE OF DYSREGULATED CD4+ T CELLS AND MIRNAS IN MYOCARDITIS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
19  1873  29 EMERGING ROLE OF MICRORNAS AND LONG NON-CODING RNAS IN SJOGREN'S SYNDROME. SJOGREN'S SYNDROME (SS) IS A CHRONIC AUTOIMMUNE INFLAMMATORY DISEASE. IT IS CONSIDERED A MULTIFACTORIAL PATHOLOGY, IN WHICH UNDERLYING GENETIC PREDISPOSITION, EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS CONTRIBUTE TO DEVELOPMENT. THE EPIGENETIC REGULATIONS REPRESENT A LINK BETWEEN GENETIC PREDISPOSITION AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS. RECENT STUDIES SUGGESTED A REGULATORY ROLE FOR NON-CODING RNAS IN CRITICAL BIOLOGICAL AND DISEASE PROCESSES. AMONG NON-CODING RNAS, MICRORNAS (MIRNAS) AND LONG NON-CODING RNAS (LNCRNAS) PLAY A CRITICAL ROLE IN THE POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL MRNA EXPRESSION, FORMING A COMPLEX NETWORK OF GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION. THIS REVIEW AIMS TO GIVE AN OVERVIEW OF THE LATEST STUDIES THAT HAVE INVESTIGATED THE ROLE OF MIRNAS AND LNCRNAS IN THE SS. WE INCLUDED PAPERS THAT INVESTIGATED THE EXPRESSION OF NON-CODING RNAS ON DIFFERENT TISSUES, IN PARTICULAR ON PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS AND SALIVARY GLANDS. HOWEVER, REGARDING THE INVOLVEMENT OF NON-CODING RNAS GENETIC VARIABILITY IN SS SUSCEPTIBILITY VERY FEW DATA ARE AVAILABLE. FURTHER RESEARCH COULD HELP TO ELUCIDATE UNDERLYING PATHOGENIC PROCESSES OF SS AND PROVIDE NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF TARGETED THERAPIES.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
20  6152  25 THE FUNCTION OF NCRNAS IN RHEUMATIC DISEASES. RHEUMATIC DISEASES ARE A GROUP OF CHRONIC HETEROGENEOUS AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS CHARACTERIZED BY ABNORMAL REGULATION OF THE INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEMS. DESPITE EXTENSIVE EFFORTS, THE FULL SPECTRUM OF MOLECULAR FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES REMAINS UNCLEAR. NCRNAS CAN GOVERN GENE EXPRESSION AT THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL LEVELS IN MULTIPLE DISEASES. RECENT STUDIES HAVE DEMONSTRATED AN IMPORTANT ROLE FOR NCRNAS, SUCH AS MIRNAS AND LNCRNAS, IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF IMMUNE CELLS AND RHEUMATIC DISEASES. HERE, WE FOCUS ON THE EPIGENETIC REGULATORY ROLES OF NCRNAS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES AND AS BIOMARKERS OF DISEASE STATE.	2019