1  5328 160 PULSED RADIOFREQUENCY ATTENUATES COMPLETE FREUND'S ADJUVANT-INDUCED EPIGENETIC SUPPRESSION OF POTASSIUM CHLORIDE COTRANSPORTER 2 EXPRESSION. BACKGROUND: PULSED RADIOFREQUENCY (PRF) TREATMENT OFFERS PAIN RELIEF FOR PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM CHRONIC PAIN WHO DO NOT RESPOND WELL TO CONVENTIONAL TREATMENTS. WE TESTED WHETHER PRF TREATMENT ATTENUATED COMPLETE FREUND'S ADJUVANT (CFA)-INDUCED INFLAMMATORY PAIN. EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OF POTASSIUM-CHLORIDE COTRANSPORTER 2 (KCC2) GENE EXPRESSION WAS EXAMINED TO ELUCIDATE THE POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTING MECHANISM. METHODS: MALE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS WERE INJECTED WITH CFA INTO THE PLANTAR SURFACE OF THE LEFT HIND PAW TO INDUCE INFLAMMATION. PRF (20 MINUTES OF 500-KHZ RF PULSES, DELIVERED AT A RATE OF 2 HZ, MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE 42 MASCULINEC) WAS DELIVERED TO THE L5 AND L6 ANTERIOR PRIMARY RAMUS JUST DISTAL TO THE INTERVERTEBRAL FORAMEN OF ADULT CFA OR SALINE RATS. THE HIND PAW WITHDRAWAL THRESHOLD TO VON FREY FILAMENT STIMULI AND WITHDRAWAL LATENCY TO RADIANT HEAT WERE DETERMINED BEFORE AND AFTER CFA. ACETYL-HISTONE H3 AND H4 WAS DETERMINED BY CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION IN SPINAL DORSAL HORN. KCC2 EXPRESSION WAS DETERMINED BY WESTERN BLOT. INHIBITORY SYNAPTIC FUNCTION WAS EVALUATED BY PATCH CLAMP IN LAMINA II NEURONS. RESULTS: KCC2 GENE EXPRESSION WAS SUPPRESSED THROUGH HISTONE HYPOACETYLATION, RESULTING IN DECREASED EFFICACY OF GABAERGIC SIGNALING IN CFA RATS. PRF INCREASED HISTONE ACETYLATION AND KCC2 EXPRESSION, PARTIALLY RESTORED THE GABA SYNAPTIC FUNCTION, AND RELIEVED SENSITIZED PAIN BEHAVIOR. CONCLUSION: THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT PRF MIGHT BE AN ALTERNATIVE THERAPY FOR INFLAMMATORY PAIN. ONE OF THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS IS THROUGH MODIFICATION OF KCC2, WHICH IS AN IMPORTANT DETERMINANT FOR THE EFFICACY OF INHIBITORY NEUROTRANSMISSION IN THE SPINAL CORD, AND ITS EXPRESSION LEVELS ARE REGULATED BY HISTONE ACETYLATION EPIGENETICALLY FOLLOWING INFLAMMATION.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
2  2452  74 EPIGENETIC SUPPRESSION OF POTASSIUM-CHLORIDE CO-TRANSPORTER 2 EXPRESSION IN INFLAMMATORY PAIN INDUCED BY COMPLETE FREUND'S ADJUVANT (CFA). BACKGROUND: MULTIPLE MECHANISMS CONTRIBUTE TO THE STIMULUS-EVOKED PAIN HYPERSENSITIVITY THAT MAY BE EXPERIENCED AFTER PERIPHERAL INFLAMMATION. PERSISTENT PATHOLOGICAL STIMULI IN MANY PAIN CONDITIONS AFFECT THE EXPRESSION OF CERTAIN GENES THROUGH EPIGENETIC ALTERNATIONS. THE MAIN PURPOSE OF OUR STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE ROLE OF EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION ON POTASSIUM-CHLORIDE CO-TRANSPORTER 2 (KCC2) GENE EXPRESSION IN THE PERSISTENCE OF INFLAMMATORY PAIN. METHODS: PERSISTENT INFLAMMATORY PAIN WAS INDUCED THROUGH THE INJECTION OF COMPLETE FREUND'S ADJUVANT (CFA) IN THE LEFT HIND PAW OF RATS. ACETYL-HISTONE H3 AND H4 LEVEL WAS DETERMINED BY CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION IN THE SPINAL DORSAL HORN. PAIN BEHAVIOUR AND INHIBITORY SYNAPTIC FUNCTION OF SPINAL CORD WERE DETERMINED BEFORE AND AFTER CFA INJECTION. KCC2 EXPRESSION WAS DETERMINED BY REAL TIME RT-PCR AND WESTERN BLOT. INTRATHECAL KCC2 SIRNA (2 MUG PER 10 MUL PER RAT) OR HDAC INHIBITOR (10 MUG PER 10 MUL PER RAT) WAS INJECTED ONCE DAILY FOR 3 DAYS BEFORE CFA INJECTION. RESULTS: PERSISTENT INFLAMMATORY PAIN EPIGENETICALLY SUPPRESSED KCC2 EXPRESSION THROUGH HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC)-MEDIATED HISTONE HYPOACETYLATION, RESULTING IN DECREASED INHIBITORY SIGNALLING EFFICACY. KCC2 KNOCK-DOWN CAUSED BY INTRATHECAL ADMINISTRATION OF KCC2 SIRNA IN NAIVE RATS REDUCED KCC2 EXPRESSION IN THE SPINAL CORD, LEADING TO SENSITIZED PAIN BEHAVIOURS AND IMPAIRED INHIBITORY SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION IN THEIR SPINAL CORDS. MOREOVER, INTRATHECAL HDAC INHIBITOR INJECTION IN CFA RATS INCREASED KCC2 EXPRESSION, PARTIALLY RESTORING THE SPINAL INHIBITORY SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION AND RELIEVING THE SENSITIZED PAIN BEHAVIOUR. CONCLUSION: THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT THE TRANSCRIPTION OF SPINAL KCC2 IS REGULATED BY HISTONE ACETYLATION EPIGENETICALLY FOLLOWING CFA. SIGNIFICANCE: PERSISTENT PAIN SUPPRESSES KCC2 EXPRESSION THROUGH HDAC-MEDIATED HISTONE HYPOACETYLATION AND CONSEQUENTLY IMPAIRS THE INHIBITORY FUNCTION OF INHIBITORY INTERNEURONS. DRUGS SUCH AS HDAC INHIBITORS THAT SUPPRESS THE INFLUENCES OF PERSISTENT PAIN ON THE EXPRESSION OF KCC2 MAY SERVE AS A NOVEL ANALGESIC.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
3  3324  43 HISTONE DEACETYLASE 2 IS INVOLVED IN MICRO?OPIOID RECEPTOR SUPPRESSION IN THE SPINAL DORSAL HORN IN A RAT MODEL OF CHRONIC PANCREATITIS PAIN. CHRONIC PAIN OCCURS IN ~85-90% OF CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (CP) PATIENTS. HOWEVER, AS THE PATHOGENESIS OF CP PAIN REMAINS TO BE FULLY UNDERSTOOD, THE CURRENT THERAPIES FOR CP PAIN REMAIN INADEQUATE. EMERGING EVIDENCE HAS SUGGESTED THAT THE EPIGENETIC MODULATIONS OF GENES ARE INVOLVED IN CHRONIC PAIN. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, INTRAPANCREATIC TRINITROBENZENE SULFONIC ACID INFUSIONS WERE USED TO ESTABLISH A CP MODEL IN RATS. MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA WAS MEASURED WITH VON FREY FILAMENTS. IMMUNOFLUORESCENT STAINING ANALYSIS WAS USED TO OBSERVE THE EXPRESSION CHANGES OF HISTONE DEACETYLASE 2 (HDAC2) AND MICRO?OPIOID RECEPTOR (MOR), AND INTRATHECAL ADMINISTRATION OF THE SELECTIVE HDAC2 INHIBITOR AR?42 WAS USED TO ASSESS THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS. THE EXPRESSION LEVELS OF C?JUN N?TERMINAL KINASE (JNK) IN THE THORACIC SPINAL CORD WERE DETECTED BY WESTERN BLOTTING, AND THE MRNA EXPRESSION LEVELS OF INTERLEUKIN (IL)1?BETA, IL?6 AND TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR (TNF)?ALPHA WERE DETECTED BY REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION?QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION. THE RESULTS DEMONSTRATED THAT HDAC2 EXPRESSION WAS UPREGULATED DURING THE COURSE OF CP INDUCTION, WHILE MOR ACTIVITY IN THE THORACIC SPINAL DORSAL HORN WAS SIGNIFICANTLY SUPPRESSED. INTRATHECAL INFUSION OF AR?42 SIGNIFICANTLY ATTENUATED CP?INDUCED MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA, WITH RESCUED MOR ACTIVITY. ADDITIONALLY, HDAC2 FACILITATED THE RELEASE OF INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES, INCLUDING IL?1BETA, IL?6 AND TNF?ALPHA. THESE RESULTS SUGGESTED THAT THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS OF HDAC2 REGULATING MOR ACTIVITY UNDER CP INDUCTION MAY OCCUR VIA PROMOTING THE RELEASE OF INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES, THUS ACTIVATING THE JNK SIGNALING PATHWAY. THE PRESENT STUDY SUGGESTED THAT THE EPIGENETIC?REGULATED DISTURBANCE OF MOR IS DEPENDENT ON THE ENDOGENOUS ANALGESIA SYSTEM IN CP, WHICH MAY A PROVIDE NOVEL THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY FOR TREATING PAIN IN CP.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
4  3989  37 LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS OF BLOOD DNA METHYLATION IDENTIFIES MECHANISMS OF RESPONSE TO TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR INHIBITOR THERAPY IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS. BACKGROUND: RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA) IS A CHRONIC, IMMUNE-MEDIATED INFLAMMATORY DISEASE OF THE JOINTS THAT HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH VARIATION IN THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD METHYLOME. IN THIS STUDY, WE AIM TO IDENTIFY EPIGENETIC VARIATION THAT IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE RESPONSE TO TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR INHIBITOR (TNFI) THERAPY. METHODS: PERIPHERAL BLOOD GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION PROFILES WERE ANALYZED IN A DISCOVERY COHORT OF 62 RA PATIENTS AT BASELINE AND AT WEEK 12 OF TNFI THERAPY. DNA METHYLATION OF INDIVIDUAL CPG SITES AND ENRICHMENT OF BIOLOGICAL PATHWAYS WERE EVALUATED FOR THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH DRUG RESPONSE. USING A NOVEL CELL DECONVOLUTION APPROACH, ALTERED DNA METHYLATION ASSOCIATED WITH TNFI RESPONSE WAS ALSO TESTED IN THE SIX MAIN IMMUNE CELL TYPES IN BLOOD. VALIDATION OF THE RESULTS WAS PERFORMED IN AN INDEPENDENT LONGITUDINAL COHORT OF 60 RA PATIENTS. FINDINGS: TREATMENT WITH TNFI WAS ASSOCIATED WITH SIGNIFICANT LONGITUDINAL PERIPHERAL BLOOD METHYLATION CHANGES IN BIOLOGICAL PATHWAYS RELATED TO RA (FDR<0.05). 139 BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS WERE MODIFIED BY THERAPY, WITH METHYLATION LEVELS CHANGING SYSTEMATICALLY TOWARDS A SIGNATURE SIMILAR TO THAT OF HEALTHY CONTROLS. DIFFERENCES IN THE METHYLATION PROFILE OF T CELL ACTIVATION AND DIFFERENTIATION, GTPASE-MEDIATED SIGNALING, AND ACTIN FILAMENT ORGANIZATION PATHWAYS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH THE CLINICAL RESPONSE TO THERAPY. CELL TYPE DECONVOLUTION ANALYSIS IDENTIFIED CPG SITES IN CD4+T, NK, NEUTROPHILS AND MONOCYTES THAT WERE SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE RESPONSE TO TNFI. INTERPRETATION: OUR RESULTS SHOW THAT TREATMENT WITH TNFI RESTORES HOMEOSTATIC BLOOD METHYLATION IN RA. THE CLINICAL RESPONSE TO TNFI IS ASSOCIATED TO METHYLATION VARIATION IN SPECIFIC BIOLOGICAL PATHWAYS, AND IT INVOLVES CELLS FROM BOTH THE INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEMS. FUNDING: THE INSTITUTO DE SALUD CARLOS III.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
5  1826  43 EFFECTS OF HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR ON EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PRODUCTION IN HUMAN NASAL POLYP ORGAN CULTURES. BACKGROUND: NASAL POLYPOSIS IS ASSOCIATED WITH A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY CONDITION OF THE SINONASAL MUCOSA AND INVOLVES MYOFIBROBLAST DIFFERENTIATION AND EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX (ECM) ACCUMULATION. EPIGENETIC MODULATION BY HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC) INHIBITORS INCLUDING TRICHOSTATIN A (TSA) HAS BEEN REPORTED TO HAVE INHIBITORY EFFECTS ON MYOFIBROBLAST DIFFERENTIATION IN LUNG AND RENAL FIBROBLASTS. THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE INHIBITORY EFFECT OF TSA ON MYOFIBROBLAST DIFFERENTIATION AND ECM PRODUCTION IN NASAL POLYP ORGAN CULTURES. METHODS: NASAL POLYP TISSUES FROM 18 PATIENTS WERE ACQUIRED DURING ENDOSCOPIC SINUS SURGERY. AFTER ORGAN CULTURE, NASAL POLYPS WERE STIMULATED WITH TGF-BETA1 AND THEN TREATED WITH TSA. ALPHA-SMOOTH MUSCLE ACTIN (ALPHA-SMA), FIBRONECTIN, AND COLLAGEN TYPE I EXPRESSION LEVELS WERE EXAMINED BY REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR), REAL-TIME PCR, WESTERN BLOT, AND IMMUNOFLUORESCENT STAINING. HDAC2, HDAC4, AND ACETYLATED H4 EXPRESSION LEVELS WERE ASSAYED BY WESTERN BLOT. CYTOTOXICITY WAS ANALYZED BY THE TERMINAL DEOXYNUCLEOTIDYL TRANSFERASE BIOTIN-DUTP NICK END LABELING ASSAY. RESULTS: THE EXPRESSION LEVELS OF ALPHA-SMA, FIBRONECTIN, AND COLLAGEN TYPE 1 WERE INCREASED IN NASAL POLYP AFTER TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR (TGF) BETA1 TREATMENT. TSA-INHIBITED TGF-BETA1 INDUCED THESE GENE AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION LEVELS. FURTHERMORE, TSA SUPPRESSED PROTEIN EXPRESSION LEVELS OF HDAC2 AND HDAC4. HOWEVER, TSA INDUCED HYPERACETYLATION OF HISTONES H4. TREATMENT WITH TGF-BETA1 WITH OR WITHOUT TSA DID NOT HAVE CYTOTOXIC EFFECT. CONCLUSION: THESE FINDINGS PROVIDE NOVEL INSIGHTS INTO THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION IN MYOFIBROBLAST DIFFERENTIATION AND ECM PRODUCTION OF NASAL POLYP. TSA COULD BE A CANDIDATE OF A THERAPEUTIC AGENT FOR REVERSING THE TGF-BETA1-INDUCED ECM SYNTHESIS THAT LEADS TO NASAL POLYP DEVELOPMENT.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
6  2365  47 EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF SPINAL CXCR2 SIGNALING IN INCISIONAL HYPERSENSITIVITY IN MICE. BACKGROUND: THE REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION IN NOCICEPTIVE PATHWAYS CONTRIBUTES TO THE INDUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF PAIN SENSITIZATION. HISTONE ACETYLATION IS A KEY EPIGENETIC MECHANISM CONTROLLING CHROMATIN STRUCTURE AND GENE EXPRESSION. CHEMOKINE CC MOTIF RECEPTOR 2 (CXCR2) IS A PROINFLAMMATORY RECEPTOR IMPLICATED IN NEUROPATHIC AND INFLAMMATORY PAIN AND IS KNOWN TO BE REGULATED BY HISTONE ACETYLATION IN SOME SETTINGS. THE AUTHORS SOUGHT TO INVESTIGATE THE ROLE OF HISTONE ACETYLATION ON SPINAL CXCR2 SIGNALING AFTER INCISION. METHODS: GROUPS OF 5-8 MICE UNDERWENT HIND PAW INCISION. SUBEROYLANILIDE HYDROXAMIC ACID AND ANACARDIC ACID WERE USED TO INHIBIT HISTONE DEACETYLASE AND HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE, RESPECTIVELY. BEHAVIORAL MEASURES OF THERMAL AND MECHANICAL SENSITIZATION AS WELL AS HYPERALGESIC PRIMING WERE USED. BOTH MESSAGE RNA QUANTIFICATION AND CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ANALYSIS WERE USED TO STUDY THE REGULATION OF CXCR2 AND LIGAND EXPRESSION. FINALLY, THE SELECTIVE CXCR2 ANTAGONIST SB225002 WAS ADMINISTERED INTRATHECALLY TO REVEAL THE FUNCTION OF SPINAL CXCR2 RECEPTORS AFTER HIND PAW INCISION. RESULTS: SUBEROYLANILIDE HYDROXAMIC ACID SIGNIFICANTLY EXACERBATED MECHANICAL SENSITIZATION AFTER INCISION. CONVERSELY, ANACARDIC ACID REDUCED INCISIONAL SENSITIZATION AND ALSO ATTENUATED INCISION-INDUCED HYPERALGESIC PRIMING. OVERALL, ACETYLATED HISTONE H3 AT LYSINE 9 WAS INCREASED IN SPINAL CORD TISSUES AFTER INCISION, AND ENHANCED ASSOCIATION OF ACETYLATED HISTONE H3 AT LYSINE 9 WITH THE PROMOTER REGIONS OF CXCR2 AND KERATINOCYTE-DERIVED CHEMOKINE (CXCL1) WAS OBSERVED AS WELL. BLOCKING CXCR2 REVERSED MECHANICAL HYPERSENSITIVITY AFTER HIND PAW INCISION. CONCLUSIONS: HISTONE MODIFICATION IS AN IMPORTANT EPIGENETIC MECHANISM REGULATING INCISION-INDUCED NOCICEPTIVE SENSITIZATION. THE SPINAL CXCR2 SIGNALING PATHWAY IS ONE EPIGENETICALLY REGULATED PATHWAY CONTROLLING EARLY AND LATENT SENSITIZATION AFTER INCISION.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
7  2326  36 EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF HOTAIR IN ADVANCED CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA. PURPOSE: CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML) ACCOUNTS FOR ~10% OF LEUKEMIA CASES, AND ITS PROGRESSION INVOLVES EPIGENETIC GENE REGULATION. THIS STUDY INVESTIGATED EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF HOTAIR AND ITS TARGET MICRORNA, MIR-143, IN ADVANCED CML. PATIENTS AND METHODS: WE FIRST ISOLATED BONE MARROW MONONUCLEAR CELLS FROM 70 PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT PHASES OF CML AND FROM HEALTHY DONORS AS NORMAL CONTROL; WE ALSO CULTURED K562 AND KCL22 CELLS, TREATED WITH DEMETHYLATION DRUG; MTT ASSAY, FLOW CYTOMETRY, QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (QPCR), METHYLATION-SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (MSP), WESTERN BLOT, LUCIFERASE ASSAY, RNA PULL-DOWN ASSAY AND RNA-BINDING PROTEIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION (RIP) ASSAY WERE PERFORMED. RESULT: AS MEASURED BY QPCR, HOTAIR EXPRESSION IN K562 CELLS, KCL22 CELLS, AND SAMPLES FROM CASES OF ADVANCED-STAGE CML INCREASED WITH LEVELS OF SEVERAL DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES AND HISTONE DEACETYLATES, INCLUDING DNMT1, DNMT3A, HDAC1, EZH2, AND LSD1, AND MIR-143 LEVELS WERE DECREASED AND HOTAIR LEVELS WERE INCREASED. TREATMENT WITH 5-AZACYTIDINE, A DNA METHYLATION INHIBITOR, DECREASED DNMT1, DNMT3A, HDAC1, EZH2, LSD1 MRNA, PROTEIN LEVELS, AND HOTAIR MRNA LEVELS BUT INCREASED MIR-143 LEVELS. HOTAIR KNOCKDOWN AND MIR-143 OVEREXPRESSION BOTH INHIBITED PROLIFERATION AND PROMOTED APOPTOSIS IN KCL22 AND K562 CELLS THROUGH THE PI3K/AKT PATHWAY. RNA PULL-DOWN, MASS SPECTROMETRY, AND RIP ASSAYS SHOWED THAT HOTAIR INTERACTED WITH EZH2 AND LSD1. A DUAL-LUCIFERASE ASSAY DEMONSTRATED THAT HOTAIR INTERACTED WITH MIR-143. CONCLUSION: OUR FINDINGS DEMONSTRATE THE KEY EPIGENETIC INTERACTIONS OF HOTAIR RELATED TO CML PROGRESSION AND SUGGEST HOTAIR AS A POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGET FOR ADVANCED CML. FURTHERMORE, OUR RESULTS SUPPORT THE USE OF DEMETHYLATION DRUGS AS A CML TREATMENT STRATEGY.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
8  4699  48 NFATC2-DEPENDENT EPIGENETIC UPREGULATION OF CXCL14 IS INVOLVED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN INDUCED BY PACLITAXEL. BACKGROUND: THE MAJOR DOSE-LIMITING TOXICITY OF PACLITAXEL, ONE OF THE MOST COMMONLY USED DRUGS TO TREAT SOLID TUMOR, IS PAINFUL NEUROPATHY. HOWEVER, THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS UNDERLYING PACLITAXEL-INDUCED PAINFUL NEUROPATHY ARE LARGELY UNCLARIFIED. METHODS: PAW WITHDRAWAL THRESHOLD WAS MEASURED IN THE RATS FOLLOWING INTRAPERITONEAL INJECTION OF PACLITAXEL. THE QPCR, WESTERN BLOTTING, PROTEIN OR CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION, CHIP-SEQ IDENTIFICATION OF NFATC2 BINDING SITES, AND MICROARRAY ANALYSIS WERE PERFORMED TO EXPLORE THE MOLECULAR MECHANISM. RESULTS: WE FOUND THAT PACLITAXEL TREATMENT INCREASED THE NUCLEAR EXPRESSION OF NFATC2 IN THE SPINAL DORSAL HORN, AND KNOCKDOWN OF NFATC2 WITH NFATC2 SIRNA SIGNIFICANTLY ATTENUATED THE MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA INDUCED BY PACLITAXEL. FURTHER BINDING SITE ANALYSIS UTILIZING CHIP-SEQ ASSAY COMBINING WITH GENE EXPRESSION PROFILE REVEALED A SHIFT OF NFATC2 BINDING SITE CLOSER TO TTS OF TARGET GENES IN DORSAL HORN AFTER PACLITAXEL TREATMENT. WE FURTHER FOUND THAT NFATC2 OCCUPANCY MAY DIRECTLY UPREGULATE THE CHEMOKINE CXCL14 EXPRESSION IN DORSAL HORN, WHICH WAS MEDIATED BY ENHANCED INTERACTION BETWEEN NFATC2 AND P300 AND CONSEQUENTLY INCREASED ACETYLATION OF HISTONE H4 IN CXCL14 PROMOTER REGION. ALSO, KNOCKDOWN OF CXCL14 IN DORSAL HORN SIGNIFICANTLY ATTENUATED MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA INDUCED BY PACLITAXEL. CONCLUSION: THESE RESULTS SUGGESTED THAT ENHANCED INTERACTION BETWEEN P300 AND NFATC2 MEDIATED THE EPIGENETIC UPREGULATION OF CXCL14 IN THE SPINAL DORSAL HORN, WHICH CONTRIBUTED TO THE CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC PACLITAXEL-INDUCED CHRONIC PAIN.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
9  1022  32 CIRCULAR RNA HSA_CIRC_0098181 INHIBITS METASTASIS IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA BY ACTIVATING THE HIPPO SIGNALING PATHWAY VIA INTERACTION WITH EEF2. INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: THE DEVELOPMENT OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC) IS A MULTI-STEP PROCESS THAT ACCUMULATES GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS, INCLUDING CHANGES IN CIRCULAR RNA (CIRCRNA). THIS STUDY AIMED TO UNDERSTAND THE ALTERATIONS IN CIRCRNA EXPRESSION IN HCC DEVELOPMENT AND METASTASIS AND TO EXPLORE THE BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF CIRCRNA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: TEN PAIRS OF ADJACENT CHRONIC HEPATITIS TISSUES AND HCC TISSUES FROM PATIENTS WITHOUT VENOUS METASTASES, AND TEN HCC TISSUES FROM PATIENTS WITH VENOUS METASTASES WERE ANALYZED USING HUMAN CIRCRNA MICROARRAYS. DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED CIRCRNAS WERE THEN VALIDATED BY QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME PCR. IN VITRO AND IN VIVO ASSAYS WERE PERFORMED TO ASSESS THE ROLES OF THE CIRCRNA IN HCC PROGRESSION. RNA PULL-DOWN ASSAY, MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS, AND RNA-BINDING PROTEIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION WERE CONDUCTED TO EXPLORE THE PROTEIN PARTNERS OF THE CIRCRNA. RESULTS: CIRCRNA MICROARRAYS REVEALED THAT THE EXPRESSION PATTERNS OF CIRCRNAS ACROSS THE THREE GROUPS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT. AMONG THESE, HSA_CIRC_0098181 WAS VALIDATED TO BE LOWLY EXPRESSED AND ASSOCIATED WITH POOR PROGNOSIS IN HCC PATIENTS. ECTOPIC EXPRESSION OF HSA_CIRC_0098181 DELAYED HCC METASTASIS IN VITRO AND IN VIVO. MECHANISTICALLY, HSA_CIRC_0098181 SEQUESTERED EUKARYOTIC TRANSLATION ELONGATION FACTOR 2 (EEF2) AND DISSOCIATED EEF2 FROM FILAMENTOUS ACTIN (F-ACTIN) TO PREVENT F-ACTIN FORMATION, WHICH BLOCKED ACTIVATION OF THE HIPPO SIGNALING PATHWAY. IN ADDITION, THE RNA BINDING PROTEIN QUAKING-5 BOUND DIRECTLY TO HSA_CIRC_0098181 AND INDUCED ITS BIOGENESIS. CONCLUSIONS: OUR STUDY REVEALS CHANGES IN CIRCRNA EXPRESSION FROM CHRONIC HEPATITIS, PRIMARY HCC, TO METASTATIC HCC. FURTHER, THE QKI5-HSA_CIRC_0098181-EEF2-HIPPO SIGNALING PATHWAY EXERTS A REGULATORY ROLE IN HCC.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
10  3331  48 HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR SUBERANILOHYDROXAMIC ACID TREATMENT REVERSES HYPOSENSITIVITY TO GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID IN THE VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA DURING ETHANOL WITHDRAWAL. BACKGROUND: THE VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA (VTA) IS IMPORTANT FOR ALCOHOL-RELATED REWARD AND REINFORCEMENT. MOUSE VTA NEURONS ARE HYPOSENSITIVE TO GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID (GABA) DURING ETHANOL (ETOH) WITHDRAWAL, AND GABA RESPONSIVENESS IS NORMALIZED BY IN VITRO TREATMENT WITH HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS (HDACI). THE PRESENT STUDY EXAMINED THE EFFECT OF A SYSTEMICALLY ADMINISTERED HDACI, SUBERANILOHYDROXAMIC ACID (SAHA) ON GABA SENSITIVITY, AND RELATED MOLECULAR CHANGES IN VTA NEURONS DURING WITHDRAWAL AFTER CHRONIC ETOH INTAKE IN RATS. METHODS: SPRAGUE DAWLEY MALE ADULT RATS WERE FED WITH LIEBER-DECARLI DIET (9% ETOH OR CONTROL DIET) FOR 16 DAYS. EXPERIMENTAL GROUPS INCLUDED CONTROL DIET-FED AND ETOH DIET-FED (0- OR 24-HOUR WITHDRAWAL) RATS TREATED WITH EITHER SAHA OR VEHICLE INJECTION. SINGLE-UNIT RECORDINGS WERE USED TO MEASURE THE RESPONSE OF VTA NEURONS TO GABA. IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY WAS PERFORMED TO EXAMINE LEVELS OF HDAC2, ACETYLATED HISTONE H3 LYSINE 9 (ACH3K9), AND GABA(A) RECEPTOR ALPHA1 AND ALPHA5 SUBUNITS IN THE VTA; QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION WAS PERFORMED TO EXAMINE THE MRNA LEVELS OF HDAC2 AND GABA(A) RECEPTOR SUBUNITS. RESULTS: VTA NEURONS FROM THE WITHDRAWAL GROUP EXHIBITED GABA HYPOSENSITIVITY. IN VIVO SAHA TREATMENT 2 HOURS BEFORE SACRIFICE NORMALIZED THE SENSITIVITY OF VTA NEURONS TO GABA. ETOH WITHDRAWAL WAS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED HDAC2 AND DECREASED ACH3K9 PROTEIN LEVELS; SAHA TREATMENT NORMALIZED ACH3K9 LEVELS. INTERESTINGLY, NO SIGNIFICANT CHANGE WAS OBSERVED IN THE MRNA LEVELS OF HDAC2. THE MRNA LEVELS, BUT NOT PROTEIN LEVELS, OF GABA(A) RECEPTOR ALPHA1 AND ALPHA5 SUBUNITS WERE INCREASED DURING WITHDRAWAL. CONCLUSIONS: WITHDRAWAL FROM CHRONIC ETOH EXPOSURE RESULTS IN A DECREASE IN GABA-MEDIATED INHIBITION, AND THIS GABA HYPOSENSITIVITY IS NORMALIZED BY IN VIVO SAHA TREATMENT. DISRUPTION OF SIGNALING IN THE VTA PRODUCED BY ALTERATION OF GABA NEUROTRANSMISSION COULD BE 1 NEUROADAPTIVE PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS LEADING TO CRAVING AND RELAPSE. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT HDACI PHARMACOTHERAPY WITH AGENTS LIKE SAHA MIGHT BE AN EFFECTIVE TREATMENT FOR ALCOHOLISM.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
11  4579  34 N(6)-METHYLADENOSINE METHYLASE METTL3 CONTRIBUTES TO NEUROPATHIC PAIN BY EPIGENETIC SILENCING OF MU OPIOID RECEPTOR. WE AIMED AT EXPLORING THE ROLE AND MECHANISM OF METTL3-MEDIATED M(6)A MODIFICATION IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN. MALE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS WERE RANDOMLY DIVIDED INTO FOUR GROUPS: SHAM OPERATION GROUP (SHAM GROUP), CHRONIC CONSTRICTION INJURY (CCI) OF THE SCIATIC NERVE MODEL GROUP (NPP GROUP), INTRATHECAL INJECTION OF VIRUS DOWN-REGULATED METTL3 + CCI MODEL GROUP (M3 + NPP GROUP) AND INTRATHECAL INJECTION OF NEGATIVE CONTROL VIRUS + CCI MODEL GROUP (SCR + NPP GROUP). THE M3 + NPP GROUP AND THE SCR + NPP GROUP WERE INTRATHECALLY INJECTED WITH VIRUS NINETEEN DAYS BEFORE OPERATION. THE PAW WITHDRAWAL MECHANICAL THRESHOLDS AND PAW WITHDRAWAL LATENCY WERE RESPECTIVELY RECORDED ONE DAY BEFORE OPERATION, THREE DAYS, FIVE DAYS AND SEVEN DAYS AFTER OPERATION. THE RATS WERE SACRIFICED ON THE SEVENTH DAY AFTER OPERATION, AND THEIR SPINAL CORD TISSUES WERE TAKEN. THE FROZEN SECTIONS OF RATS WERE PERFORMED TO OBSERVE THE EXPRESSION OF GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN OF THE VIRUS. THE METHYLATION LEVEL OF RNA, THE PROTEIN EXPRESSION OF M(6)A-RELATED ENZYME (METTL3) AND MU OPIOID RECEPTOR (MOR) IN SPINAL CORD TISSUES OF THE FOUR GROUPS WERE MEASURED. DOWNREGULATION OF METTL3 HAD NO EFFECT ON THE OVERALL METHYLATION LEVEL OF THE SPINAL CORD, BUT IT COULD REGULATE THE METHYLATION LEVEL OF THE OPRM1 GENE RNA ENCODING MOR, PARTIALLY RESTORE THE EXPRESSION OF MOR, AND RELIEVE PAIN IN RATS. IN THE PROCESS OF NPP, METTL3 MAY INHIBIT THE EXPRESSION OF MOR BY REGULATING THE METHYLATION LEVEL OF OPRM1 GENE RNA ENCODING MOR, AND ULTIMATELY PROMOTE THE OCCURRENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF NPP.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
12  1800  39 EFFECT OF HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR ON ETHANOL WITHDRAWAL-INDUCED HYPERALGESIA IN RATS. BACKGROUND: INCREASED PAIN SENSITIVITY IS OBSERVED FOLLOWING ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL, AND ATTEMPTS TO ALLEVIATE THIS HYPERALGESIA CAN CONTRIBUTE TO THE CYCLE OF ADDICTION. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE IF ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL-INDUCED HYPERALGESIA WAS OBSERVED IN A CHRONIC ETHANOL EXPOSURE MODEL AND IF THIS PAIN WAS AFFECTED BY HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS, THUS REVEALING AN EPIGENETIC MECHANISM. METHODS: ADULT MALE SPRAGUE DAWLEY RATS RECEIVED LIEBER-DECARLI LIQUID CONTROL OR ETHANOL (9% V/V) DIET FOR 15 DAYS. MECHANICAL SENSITIVITY WAS MEASURED WITH VON FREY HAIR STIMULATION OF THE HINDPAW DURING ETHANOL ADMINISTRATION AND 24- AND 72-HOUR WITHDRAWAL. RESULTS: ETHANOL WITHDRAWAL PRODUCED SEVERE AND SUSTAINED MECHANICAL HYPERALGESIA, AN EFFECT NOT OBSERVED IN THE CONTROL OR ETHANOL-MAINTAINED GROUPS. FURTHERMORE, THIS HYPERALGESIA WAS ATTENUATED BY THE HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR, SUBEROYLANILIDE HYDROXAMIC ACID TREATMENT. CONCLUSIONS: HEIGHTENED PAIN SENSITIVITY WAS OBSERVED FOLLOWING WITHDRAWAL FROM CHRONIC ETHANOL EXPOSURE, AND HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS COULD BE NOVEL TREATMENTS FOR THIS ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL-INDUCED HYPERALGESIA.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
13   878  36 CHRONIC CADMIUM EXPOSURE AGGRAVATES MALIGNANT PHENOTYPES OF NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA BY ACTIVATING THE WNT/BETA-CATENIN SIGNALING PATHWAY VIA HYPERMETHYLATION OF THE CASEIN KINASE 1ALPHA PROMOTER. BACKGROUND: OUR PREVIOUS STUDY HAS SHOWN THAT CADMIUM (CD) EXPOSURE IS NOT ONLY A RISK FACTOR FOR NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA (NPC), BUT ALSO CORRELATED WITH THE CLINICAL STAGE AND LYMPH NODE METASTASIS. HOWEVER, THE UNDERLYING MOLECULAR EVENTS OF CD INVOLVED IN NPC PROGRESSION REMAIN TO BE ELUCIDATED. PURPOSE: THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DECIPHER HOW CD IMPACTS THE MALIGNANT PHENOTYPES OF NPC CELLS. METHODS: NPC CELL LINES CNE-1 AND CNE-2 WERE CONTINUOUSLY EXPOSED WITH 1 MUM CD CHLORIDE FOR 10 WEEKS, DESIGNATING AS CHRONIC CD TREATED NPC CELLS (CCT-NPC). MTT ASSAY, COLONY FORMATION ASSAY AND XENOGRAFT TUMOR GROWTH WERE USED TO ASSESS CELL VIABILITY IN VITRO AND IN VIVO. TRANSWELL ASSAYS WERE PERFORMED TO DETECT CELL INVASION AND MIGRATION. THE PROTEIN LEVELS OF E-CADHERIN, N-CADHERIN, VIMENTIN AS WELL AS BETA-CATENIN AND CASEIN KINASE 1ALPHA(CK1ALPHA) WERE MEASURED BY WESTERN BLOT. IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE STAINING WAS USED TO OBSERVE THE DISTRIBUTION OF FILAMENT ACTIN (F-ACTIN), BETA-CATENIN AND CK1ALPHA. THE MRNA LEVELS OF DOWNSTREAM TARGET GENES OF BETA-CATENIN WERE DETECTED BY RT-PCR. WNT/BETA-CATENIN SIGNALING ACTIVITY WAS ASSESSED BY TOPFLASH/FOPFLASH DUAL LUCIFERASE REPORT SYSTEM. MS-PCR WAS USED TO DETECT THE METHYLATION STATUS OF CK1ALPHA. FINALLY, THE ACTIVATION OF WNT/BETA-CATENIN PATHWAY AND CELL BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES WERE EXAMINED FOLLOWING TREATMENT OF CCT-NPC CELLS WITH 5-AZA-2-DEOXY-CYTIDINE(5-AZA-CDR). RESULTS: CCT-NPC CELLS SHOWED AN INCREASE IN CELL PROLIFERATION, COLONY FORMATION, INVASION AND MIGRATION COMPARED TO THE PARENTAL CELLS. CD ALSO INDUCED CYTOSKELETON REORGANIZATION AND EPITHELIAL-TO-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION. UPREGULATION AND NUCLEAR TRANSLOCATION OF BETA-CATENIN AND INCREASED LUCIFERASE ACTIVITY ACCOMPANIED WITH TRANSCRIPTION OF DOWNSTREAM TARGET GENES WERE FOUND IN CCT-NPC CELLS. TREATMENT OF CCT-CNE1 CELLS WITH 5-AZA-CDR COULD REVERSE THE HYPERMETHYLATION OF CK1ALPHA AND ATTENUATE THE CELL MALIGNANCY. CONCLUSION: THESE RESULTS SUPPORT A ROLE FOR CHRONIC CD EXPOSURE AS A DRIVING FORCE FOR THE MALIGNANT PROGRESSION OF NPC VIA EPIGENETIC ACTIVATION OF THE WNT/BETA-CATENIN PATHWAY.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
14  3868  47 JMJD6 EXERTS FUNCTION IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN BY REGULATING NF?KAPPAB FOLLOWING PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY IN RATS. TREATMENT OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN (NPP) CONTINUES TO BE A MAJOR CHALLENGE, AND THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS REMAIN TO BE ELUCIDATED. PREVIOUS STUDIES HAVE DEMONSTRATED THAT HISTONE METHYLATION IS IMPORTANT IN SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND MAY AFFECT NUCLEAR FACTOR?KAPPAB (NF?KAPPAB) SIGNALING THROUGH EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. THE PRESENT STUDY AIMED TO INVESTIGATE THE ROLE OF JUMONJI C DOMAIN 6 (JMJD6), A HISTONE DEMETHYLASE, IN A CHRONIC CONSTRICTION INJURY (CCI) MODEL OF NPP. ON THE THIRD DAY POST?CCI SURGERY, A JMJD6 OVEREXPRESSING LENTIVIRAL VECTOR (LV?JMJD6) WAS INTRATHECALLY INJECTED IN THE RATS. MECHANICAL WITHDRAWAL THRESHOLD AND THERMAL WITHDRAWAL LATENCY WERE ASSESSED PRIOR SURGERY AND ON DAYS 3, 7, 10 AND 14 POST?CCI. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT INTRATHECAL INJECTION WITH THE LV?JMJD6 ATTENUATED CCI?INDUCED PAIN FACILITATION. THE EXPRESSION OF JMJD6 WAS LOWER FOLLOWING CCI SURGERY, AND ITS EXPRESSION WAS SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED FOLLOWING INTRATHECAL INJECTION WITH LV?JMJD6, COMPARED WITH LEVELS IN NORMAL SALINE (NS)? AND NEGATIVE CONTROL LENTIVIRAL VECTOR (NC)?TREATED RATS. THE EXPRESSION OF SPINAL NF?KAPPAB PHOSPHORYLATED (P?)P65 SUBUNIT AND ITS DOWNSTREAM PAIN?ASSOCIATED EFFECTORS, INCLUDING INTERLEUKIN 1BETA (IL?1BETA), TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR?ALPHA (TNF?ALPHA) AND VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR (VEGF), WERE INCREASED FOLLOWING CCI SURGERY. INTRATHECAL INJECTION WITH LV?JMJD6 SUPPRESSED ACTIVATION OF THE P?P65 SUBUNIT IN CCI RATS. IN ADDITION, EXPRESSION LEVELS OF ITS DOWNSTREAM EFFECTORS IL?1BETA, TNF?ALPHA AND VEGF WERE ATTENUATED BY INTRATHECAL TREATMENT WITH LV?JMJD6, COMPARED WITH THOSE IN THE NS? AND NC?TREATED CCI RATS. FURTHERMORE, THE JMJD6? AND P65?IMMUNOREACTIVE CELLS OVERLAPPED IN THE SPINAL DORSAL HORN, HOWEVER, CO?IMMUNOPRECIPITATION SHOWED THAT JMJD6 AND THE NF?KAPPAB P65 SUBUNIT DID NOT DIRECTLY INTERACT, INDICATING OTHER FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIONS MAY EXIST BETWEEN THESE FACTORS FOLLOWING CCI SURGERY. COLLECTIVELY, THESE FINDINGS INDICATED AN IMPORTANT MECHANISM UNDERLYING THE PATHOGENESIS OF NPP. JMJD6 MAY EXERT ITS THERAPEUTIC FUNCTION IN NPP BY REGULATING NF?KAPPAB FOLLOWING CCI.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
15  5402  57 REDUCTION OF SIRT1-MEDIATED EPIGENETIC UPREGULATION OF NAV1.7 CONTRIBUTES TO OXALIPLATIN-INDUCED NEUROPATHIC PAIN. BACKGROUND: CLINICALLY, NEUROPATHIC PAIN IS A SEVERE SIDE EFFECT OF OXALIPLATIN CHEMOTHERAPY, WHICH USUALLY LEADS TO DOSE REDUCTION OR CESSATION OF TREATMENT. DUE TO THE UNAWARENESS OF DETAILED MECHANISMS OF OXALIPLATIN-INDUCED NEUROPATHIC PAIN, IT IS DIFFICULT TO DEVELOP AN EFFECTIVE THERAPY AND LIMITS ITS CLINICAL USE. OBJECTIVES: THE AIM OF THE PRESENT STUDY WAS TO IDENTIFY THE ROLE OF SIRTUIN 1 (SIRT1) REDUCTION IN EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF THE EXPRESSION OF VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS 1.7 (NAV1.7) IN THE DORSAL ROOT GANGLION (DRG) DURING OXALIPLATIN-INDUCED NEUROPATHIC PAIN. STUDY DESIGN: CONTROLLED ANIMAL STUDY. SETTING: UNIVERSITY LABORATORY. METHODS: THE VON FREY TEST WAS PERFORMED TO EVALUATE PAIN BEHAVIOR IN RATS. REAL-TIME QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION, WESTERN BLOTTING, ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL RECORDING, CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION, AND SMALL INTERFERING RNA (SIRNA) WERE USED TO ILLUSTRATE THE MECHANISMS. RESULTS: IN THE PRESENT STUDY, WE FOUND THAT BOTH THE ACTIVITY AND EXPRESSION OF SIRT1 WERE SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED IN RAT DRG FOLLOWING OXALIPLATIN TREATMENT. THE ACTIVATOR OF SIRT1, RESVERATROL, NOT ONLY INCREASED THE ACTIVITY AND EXPRESSION OF SIRT1, BUT ALSO ATTENUATED THE MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA FOLLOWING OXALIPLATIN TREATMENT. IN ADDITION, LOCAL KNOCKDOWN OF SIRT1 BY INTRATHECAL INJECTION OF SIRT1 SIRNA CAUSED MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA IN NAIVE RATS. BESIDES, OXALIPLATIN TREATMENT ENHANCED THE ACTION POTENTIAL FIRING FREQUENCY OF DRG NEURONS AND THE EXPRESSION OF NAV1.7 IN DRG AND ACTIVATION OF SIRT1 BY RESVERATROL REVERSED THIS EFFECT. FURTHERMORE, BLOCKING NAV1.7 BY PROTX II (A SELECTIVE NAV1.7 CHANNEL BLOCKER) REVERSED OXALIPLATIN-INDUCED MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA. IN ADDITION, HISTONE H3 HYPERACETYLATION AT THE NAV1.7 PROMOTER IN DRG OF RATS FOLLOWING OXALIPLATIN TREATMENT WAS SIGNIFICANTLY SUPPRESSED BY ACTIVATION OF SIRT1 WITH RESVERATROL. MOREOVER, BOTH THE EXPRESSION OF NAV1.7 AND HISTONE H3 ACETYLATION AT THE NAV1.7 PROMOTER WERE UPREGULATED IN THE DRG BY LOCAL KNOCKDOWN OF SIRT1 WITH SIRT1 SIRNA IN NAIVE RATS. LIMITATIONS: MORE UNDERLYING MECHANISM(S) OF SIRT1 REDUCTION AFTER OXALIPLATIN TREATMENT NEEDS TO BE EXPLORED IN FUTURE RESEARCH. CONCLUSIONS: THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT REDUCTION OF SIRT1-MEDIATED EPIGENETIC UPREGULATION OF NAV1.7 IN THE DRG CONTRIBUTES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF OXALIPLATIN-INDUCED NEUROPATHIC PAIN IN RATS. THE INTRATHECAL DRUG DELIVERY TREATMENT OF ACTIVATING SIRT1 MIGHT BE A NOVEL THERAPEUTIC OPTION FOR OXALIPLATIN-INDUCED NEUROPATHIC PAIN.	2023	

16  4303  34 MICRORNA-223 INHIBITS TISSUE FACTOR EXPRESSION IN VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS. OBJECTIVE: ATHEROSCLEROSIS IS A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY PROCESS, IN WHICH VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS (ECS) BECOME DYSFUNCTIONAL OWING TO THE EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES, SUCH AS INFLAMMATORY FACTOR AND GROWTH FACTORS. TISSUE FACTOR (TF) EXPRESSION IS INDUCED BY THE ABOVE CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES IN ACTIVATED ECS. TF INITIATES THROMBOSIS ON DISRUPTED ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES WHICH PLAYS AN ESSENTIAL ROLE DURING THE ONSET OF ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES (ACS). INCREASING EVIDENCES SUGGEST THE IMPORTANT ROLE OF MICRORNAS AS EPIGENETIC REGULATORS OF ATHEROSCLEROTIC DISEASE. THE AIM OF OUR STUDY IS TO IDENTIFY IF MICRORNA-223 (MIR-223) TARGETS TF IN ECS. METHODS AND RESULTS: BIOINFORMATIC ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT TF IS A TARGET CANDIDATE OF MIR-223. WESTERN BLOTTING ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA (TNF-ALPHA) INCREASED TF EXPRESSION IN AORTA OF C57BL/6J MICE AND CULTURED ECS (EA.HY926 CELLS AND HUVEC) AFTER 4 H TREATMENT. IN TNF-ALPHA TREATED ECS, TF MRNA WAS ALSO INCREASED MEASURED BY REAL-TIME PCR. REAL-TIME PCR RESULTS SHOWED THAT MIR-223 LEVELS WERE DOWNREGULATED IN TNF-ALPHA-TREATED AORTA OF C57BL/6J MICE AND CULTURED ECS. TRANSFECTION OF ECS WITH MIR-223 MIMIC OR MIR-223 INHIBITOR MODIFIED TF EXPRESSION BOTH IN MRNA AND PROTEIN LEVELS. LUCIFERASE ASSAYS CONFIRMED THAT MIR-223 SUPPRESSED TF EXPRESSION BY BINDING TO THE SEQUENCE OF TF 3'-UNTRANSLATED REGIONS (3'UTR). TF PROCOAGULANT ACTIVITY WAS INHIBITED BY OVEREXPRESSING MIR-223 WITH OR WITHOUT TNF-ALPHA STIMULATION. CONCLUSIONS: MIR-223-MEDIATED SUPPRESSION OF TF EXPRESSION PROVIDES A NOVEL MOLECULAR MECHANISM FOR THE REGULATION OF COAGULATION CASCADE, AND SUGGESTS A CLUE AGAINST THROMBOGENESIS DURING THE PROCESS OF ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUE RUPTURE.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
17  5868  43 SUPPRESSIVE EFFECTS OF METFORMIN ON T-HELPER 1-RELATED CHEMOKINES EXPRESSION IN THE HUMAN MONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA CELL LINE THP-1. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS (DM) ARE CHRONIC T-CELL-MEDIATED INFLAMMATORY DISEASES. METFORMIN IS A WIDELY USED DRUG FOR TYPE 2 DM THAT REDUCES THE NEED FOR INSULIN IN TYPE 1 DM. HOWEVER, WHETHER METFORMIN HAS AN ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT FOR TREATING DM IS UNKNOWN. WE INVESTIGATED THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY MECHANISM OF METFORMIN IN THE HUMAN MONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA CELL LINE THP-1. MATERIALS AND METHODS: THE HUMAN MONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA CELL LINE THP-1 WAS PRETREATED WITH METFORMIN AND STIMULATED WITH LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE (LPS). THE PRODUCTION OF T-HELPER (TH)-1-RELATED CHEMOKINES INCLUDING INTERFERON-GAMMA-INDUCED PROTEIN-10 (IP-10) AND MONOCYTE CHEMOATTRACTANT PROTEIN-1 (MCP-1), TH2-RELATED CHEMOKINE MACROPHAGE-DERIVED CHEMOKINE, AND THE PROINFLAMMATORY CHEMOKINE TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA WAS MEASURED USING ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY. INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING PATHWAYS WERE INVESTIGATED USING WESTERN BLOT ANALYSIS AND CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ASSAY. RESULTS: METFORMIN SUPPRESSED LPS-INDUCED IP-10 AND MCP-1 PRODUCTION AS WELL AS LPS-INDUCED PHOSPHORYLATION OF C-JUN N-TERMINAL KINASE (JNK), P38, EXTRACELLULAR SIGNAL-REGULATED KINASE (ERK), AND NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B (NF-KAPPAB). MOREOVER, METFORMIN SUPPRESSED LPS-INDUCED ACETYLATION OF HISTONES H3 AND H4 AT THE IP-10 PROMOTER. CONCLUSIONS: METFORMIN SUPPRESSED THE PRODUCTION OF TH1-RELATED CHEMOKINES IP-10 AND MCP-1 IN THP-1 CELLS. SUPPRESSIVE EFFECTS OF METFORMIN ON IP-10 PRODUCTION MIGHT BE ATTRIBUTED AT LEAST PARTIALLY TO THE JNK, P38, ERK, AND NF-KAPPAB PATHWAYS AS WELL AS TO EPIGENETIC REGULATION THROUGH THE ACETYLATION OF HISTONES H3 AND H4. THESE RESULTS INDICATED THE THERAPEUTIC ANTI-INFLAMMATORY POTENTIAL OF METFORMIN.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
18  6660  50 UPREGULATION OF CXCR4 THROUGH PROMOTER DEMETHYLATION CONTRIBUTES TO INFLAMMATORY HYPERALGESIA IN RATS. AIM AND METHODS: CHRONIC PAIN ASSOCIATED WITH INFLAMMATION IS A COMMON CLINICAL PROBLEM, AND THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS YET ARE INCOMPLETELY DEFINED. DNA METHYLATION HAS BEEN IMPLICATED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC PAIN. HOWEVER, THE SPECIFIC GENES REGULATED BY DNA METHYLATION UNDER INFLAMMATORY PAIN CONDITION REMAIN LARGELY UNKNOWN. HERE, WE INVESTIGATED HOW CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CXCR4 EXPRESSION IS REGULATED BY DNA METHYLATION AND HOW IT CONTRIBUTES TO INFLAMMATORY PAIN INDUCED BY COMPLETE FREUND'S ADJUVANT (CFA) IN RATS. RESULTS: INTRAPLANTAR INJECTION OF CFA COULD NOT ONLY INDUCE SIGNIFICANT HYPERALGESIA IN RATS, BUT ALSO SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASE THE EXPRESSION OF CXCR4 MRNA AND PROTEIN IN THE DORSAL ROOT GANGLION (DRG). INTRATHECAL INJECTION OF CXCR4 ANTAGONIST AMD3100 SIGNIFICANTLY RELIEVED HYPERALGESIA IN INFLAMMATORY RATS IN A TIME- AND DOSE-DEPENDENT MANNER. BISULFITE SEQUENCING AND METHYLATION-SPECIFIC PCR DEMONSTRATE THAT CFA INJECTION LED TO A SIGNIFICANT DEMETHYLATION OF CPG ISLAND AT CXCR4 GENE PROMOTER. CONSISTENTLY, THE EXPRESSION OF DNMT3B WAS SIGNIFICANTLY DOWNREGULATED AFTER CFA INJECTION. ONLINE SOFTWARE PREDICTION REVEALS THREE BINDING SITES OF P65 IN THE CPG ISLAND OF CXCR4 GENE PROMOTER, WHICH HAS CONFIRMED BY THE CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ASSAY, CFA TREATMENT SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASES THE RECRUITMENT OF P65 TO CXCR4 GENE PROMOTER. INHIBITION OF NF-KB SIGNALING USING P65 INHIBITOR PYRROLIDINE DITHIOCARBAMATE SIGNIFICANTLY PREVENTED THE INCREASES OF THE CXCR4 EXPRESSION. CONCLUSION: UPREGULATION OF CXCR4 EXPRESSION DUE TO PROMOTER DEMETHYLATION FOLLOWED BY INCREASED RECRUITMENT OF P65 TO PROMOTER OF CXCR4 GENE CONTRIBUTES TO INFLAMMATORY HYPERALGESIA. THESE FINDINGS PROVIDE A THEORETICAL BASIS FOR THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC PAIN FROM AN EPIGENETIC PERSPECTIVE.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
19  3832  36 INVOLVEMENT OF SPINAL SIRT1 IN DEVELOPMENT OF CHRONIC CONSTRICTION INJURY INDUCED NEUROPATHIC PAIN IN RATS. IT IS KNOWN THAT THE EPIGENETIC PROCESS OF HISTONE ACETYLATION IS INVOLVED IN THE NEUROPATHIC PAIN. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE WHETHER SIRTUIN TYPE 1 (SIRT1), AN NAD(+) DEPENDENT DEACETYLASE, AFFECTED ALLODYNIA AND HYPERALGESIA IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN. THE NEUROPATHIC PAIN MODEL WAS ESTABLISHED BY LIGATURE OF THE RIGHT SCIATIC NERVE TO INDUCE CHRONIC CONSTRICTION INJURY (CCI) IN RATS. HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE (HAT) ACTIVITY WAS INCREASED AND, AND HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC) ACTIVITY WAS DECLINED IN TISSUE OF THE SPINAL DORSA HORN IN CCI RATES BY MEANS OF ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY (ELISA). THE PERSISTENT HYPERALGESIA AND ALLODYNIA CAUSED BY CCI WERE ASSOCIATED WITH DOWNREGULATION OF SIRT1 AND UPREGULATION OF ACETYLATED-H3 (AC-H3) IN TISSUE OF THE SPINAL CORD BY WESTERN BLOT ASSAY, WHICH WAS REVERSED AFTER INTRATHECAL INJECTION OF SIRT1 AGONIST SRT1720. SRT1720 TREATMENT ACHIEVED ANALGESIC THROUGH INHIBITING THE ACETYLATION OF NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPA B (NF-KAPPAB) AND BLOCKING THE RELEASES OF THE INFLAMMATORY FACTORS INCLUDING TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA (TNF-ALPHA) AND INTERLEUKIN (IL)-6 BY MEANS OF WESTERN BLOT AND REAL-TIME QUANTITATIVE PCR (RT-PCR), RESPECTIVELY. TAKEN TOGETHER, THESE DATA SUGGEST THAT SIRT1 IN THE SPINAL CORD PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE NEUROPATHIC PAIN IN THE RAT MODEL.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
20  3809  40 INTRAPERITONEAL 5-AZACYTIDINE ALLEVIATES NERVE INJURY-INDUCED PAIN IN RATS BY MODULATING DNA METHYLATION. TO INVESTIGATE THE ROLE OF DNA METHYLATION IN MODULATING CHRONIC NEUROPATHIC PAIN (NPP), IDENTIFY POSSIBLE TARGET GENES OF DNA METHYLATION INVOLVED IN THIS PROCESS, AND PRELIMINARILY CONFIRM THE MEDICINAL VALUE OF THE DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES (DNMTS) INHIBITOR 5-AZACYTIDINE (5-AZA) IN NPP BY TARGETING GENE METHYLATION. TWO RAT NPP MODELS, CHRONIC CONSTRICTION INJURY (CCI) AND SPINAL NERVE LIGATION (SNL), WERE USED. THE DNA METHYLATION PROFILES IN THE LUMBAR SPINAL CORD WERE ASSAYED USING AN ARRAYSTAR RAT REFSEQ PROMOTER ARRAY. THE UNDERLYING GENES WITH DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION WERE THEN IDENTIFIED AND SUBMITTED TO GENE ONTOLOGY AND PATHWAY ANALYSIS. METHYL-DNA IMMUNOPRECIPITATION QUANTITATIVE PCR (MEDIP-QPCR) AND QUANTITATIVE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR (RT-QPCR) WERE USED TO CONFIRM GENE METHYLATION AND EXPRESSION. THE PROTECTIVE FUNCTION OF 5-AZA IN NPP AND GENE EXPRESSION WERE EVALUATED VIA BEHAVIORAL ASSAYS AND RT-QPCR, RESPECTIVELY. ANALYSIS OF THE DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS IN THE LUMBAR SPINAL CORD INDICATED THAT 1205 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED FRAGMENTS IN CCI RATS WERE LOCATED WITHIN DNA PROMOTER REGIONS, INCLUDING 638 HYPERMETHYLATED FRAGMENTS AND 567 HYPOMETHYLATED FRAGMENTS. THE METHYLATION LEVELS OF GRM4, HTR4, ADRB2, KCNF1, GAD2, AND PPARG, WHICH ARE ASSOCIATED WITH LONG-TERM POTENTIATION (LTP) AND GLUTAMATERGIC SYNAPSE PATHWAYS, WERE INCREASED WITH A CORRESPONDING DECREASE IN THEIR MRNA EXPRESSION, IN THE SPINAL CORDS OF CCI RATS. MOREOVER, WE FOUND THAT THE INTRAPERITONEAL INJECTION OF 5-AZA (4 MG/KG) ATTENUATED CCI- OR SNL-INDUCED MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA AND THERMAL HYPERALGESIA. FINALLY, THE MRNA EXPRESSION OF HYPERMETHYLATED GENES SUCH AS GRM4, HTR4, ADRB2, KCNF1, AND GAD2 WAS REVERSED AFTER 5-AZA TREATMENT. CCI INDUCED WIDESPREAD METHYLATION CHANGES IN THE DNA PROMOTER REGIONS IN THE LUMBAR SPINAL CORD. INTRAPERITONEAL 5-AZA ALLEVIATED HYPERALGESIA IN CCI AND SNL RATS, AN EFFECT ACCOMPANIED BY THE REVERSED EXPRESSION OF HYPERMETHYLATED GENES. THUS, DNA METHYLATION INHIBITION REPRESENTS A PROMISING EPIGENETIC STRATEGY FOR PROTECTION AGAINST CHRONIC NPP FOLLOWING NERVE INJURY. OUR STUDY LAYS A THEORETICAL FOUNDATION FOR 5-AZA TO BECOME A CLINICAL TARGETED DRUG.	2023