1  1684 149 DRUG-TOLERANT CANCER CELLS SHOW REDUCED TUMOR-INITIATING CAPACITY: DEPLETION OF CD44 CELLS AND EVIDENCE FOR EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. CANCER STEM CELLS (CSCS) POSSESS HIGH TUMOR-INITIATING CAPACITY AND HAVE BEEN REPORTED TO BE RESISTANT TO THERAPEUTICS. VICE VERSA, THERAPY-RESISTANT CANCER CELLS SEEM TO MANIFEST CSC PHENOTYPES AND PROPERTIES. IT HAS BEEN GENERALLY ASSUMED THAT DRUG-RESISTANT CANCER CELLS MAY ALL BE CSCS ALTHOUGH THE GENERALITY OF THIS ASSUMPTION IS UNKNOWN. HERE, WE CHRONICALLY TREATED DU145 PROSTATE CANCER CELLS WITH ETOPOSIDE, PACLITAXEL AND SOME EXPERIMENTAL DRUGS (I.E., STAUROSPORINE AND 2 PACLITAXEL ANALOGS), WHICH LED TO POPULATIONS OF DRUG-TOLERANT CELLS (DTCS). SURPRISINGLY, THESE DTCS, WHEN IMPLANTED EITHER SUBCUTANEOUSLY OR ORTHOTOPICALLY INTO NOD/SCID MICE, EXHIBITED MUCH REDUCED TUMORIGENICITY OR WERE EVEN NON-TUMORIGENIC. DRUG-TOLERANT DLD1 COLON CANCER CELLS SELECTED BY A SIMILAR CHRONIC SELECTION PROTOCOL ALSO DISPLAYED REDUCED TUMORIGENICITY WHEREAS DRUG-TOLERANT UC14 BLADDER CANCER CELLS DEMONSTRATED EITHER INCREASED OR DECREASED TUMOR-REGENERATING CAPACITY. DRUG-TOLERANT DU145 CELLS DEMONSTRATED LOW PROLIFERATIVE AND CLONOGENIC POTENTIAL AND WERE VIRTUALLY DEVOID OF CD44(+) CELLS. PROSPECTIVE KNOCKDOWN OF CD44 IN DU145 CELLS INHIBITED CELL PROLIFERATION AND TUMOR REGENERATION, WHEREAS RESTORATION OF CD44 EXPRESSION IN DRUG-TOLERANT DU145 CELLS INCREASED CELL PROLIFERATION AND PARTIALLY INCREASED TUMORIGENICITY. INTERESTINGLY, DRUG-TOLERANT DU145 CELLS SHOWED BOTH INCREASES AND DECREASES IN MANY "STEMNESS" GENES. FINALLY, EVIDENCE WAS PROVIDED THAT CHRONIC DRUG EXPOSURE GENERATED DTCS VIA EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS INVOLVING MOLECULES SUCH AS CD44 AND KDM5A. OUR RESULTS THUS REVEAL THAT 1) NOT ALL DTCS ARE NECESSARILY CSCS; 2) CONVENTIONAL CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS SUCH AS TAXOL AND ETOPOSIDE MAY DIRECTLY TARGET CD44(+) TUMOR-INITIATING CELLS; AND 3) DTCS GENERATED VIA CHRONIC DRUG SELECTION INVOLVE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
2  4354  35 MIR-21-5P DIRECTLY CONTRIBUTES TO REGULATING ENOS EXPRESSION IN HUMAN ARTERY ENDOTHELIAL CELLS UNDER NORMOXIA AND HYPOXIA. CLINICAL CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH HYPOXIA AND OXIDATIVE STRESS, SUCH AS FETAL GROWTH RESTRICTION (FGR), RESULTS IN ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION. PREVIOUS REPORTS SHOW THAT CHANGES IN ENOS EXPRESSION UNDER THESE CONDITIONS ARE TIGHTLY CONTROLLED BY DNA METHYLATION AND HISTONE POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS. HOWEVER, THE CONTRIBUTION OF AN ORCHESTRATING EPIGENETIC MECHANISM, SUCH AS MIRNAS, ON THE NO-RELATED GENES EXPRESSION HAS NOT BEEN ADDRESSED. WE AIMED TO DETERMINE THE LEVELS OF MIRNAS HIGHLY EXPRESSED IN NORMAL ENDOTHELIAL CELLS (EC), MIR-21 AND MIR-126, IN FGR HUMAN UMBILICAL ARTERY EC (HUAEC), AND THEIR EFFECTS ON HYPOXIA-DEPENDENT REGULATION OF BOTH, NO-RELATED AND OXIDATIVE STRESS-RELATED GENES. RESULTS WERE VALIDATED BY TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS OF HUAEC CULTURED UNDER CHRONIC LOW OXYGEN CONDITIONS. CULTURED FGR-HUAEC SHOWED DECREASED HSA-MIR-21, DDAH1, SOD1, AND NRF2, BUT INCREASED MIR-126, NOX4, AND ENOS LEVELS, COMPARED WITH CONTROLS. MIR-21-5P LEVELS IN FGR WERE ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED HG-MIR-21 GENE PROMOTER METHYLATION, WITH NO CHANGES IN HG-MIR-126 GENE PROMOTER METHYLATION. HUAEC EXPOSED TO HYPOXIA SHOWED A TRANSIENT INCREASE IN ENOS AND DDAH11, PARALLELED BY DECREASE MIR-21-5P LEVELS, BUT NO CHANGES IN MIR-126-3P AND THE OTHER GENES UNDER STUDY. TRANSCRIPTOME PROFILING SHOWED AN INVERSE RELATIONSHIP AMONG MIR-21 AND SEVERAL TRANSCRIPTS TARGETED BY MIR-21 IN HUAEC EXPOSED TO HYPOXIA, MEANWHILE MIR-21-5P-MIMIC DECREASED ENOS AND DDAH1 TRANSCRIPTS STABILITY, BLOCKING THEIR INDUCTION BY HYPOXIA. CONSEQUENTLY, FGR PROGRAMS A HYPOXIA-RELATED MIRNA THAT CONTRIBUTES TO THE REGULATION OF THE NO PATHWAY, INVOLVING A DIRECT EFFECT OF MIR-21-5P ON ENOS TRANSCRIPT STABILITY, NOT PREVIOUSLY REPORTED. MOREOVER, HYPOXIA DOWNREGULATES MIR-21-5P, CONTRIBUTING TO INCREASING THE EXPRESSION OF NO-RELATED GENES IN ARTERIAL ENDOTHELIAL CELLS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
3  2822  36 FIRST-IN-HUMAN STUDY OF INHALED AZACITIDINE IN PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER. BACKGROUND: AEROSOLIZED AZACITIDINE HAS BEEN SHOWN TO INHIBIT ORTHOTOPIC LUNG CANCER GROWTH AND INDUCE RE-EXPRESSION OF METHYLATED TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES IN MURINE MODELS. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT INHALED AZACITIDINE IS SAFE AND EFFECTIVE IN REVERSING EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN THE BRONCHIAL EPITHELIUM SECONDARY TO CHRONIC SMOKING. PATIENTS AND METHODS: WE REPORT THE FIRST IN HUMAN STUDY OF INHALED AZACITIDINE. AZACITIDINE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION WAS USED TO GENERATE AN AEROSOL SUSPENSION OF 0.25-5 MUM PARTICLE SIZE. MAIN INCLUSION CRITERIA: STAGE IV OR RECURRENT NSCLC WITH PREDOMINANTLY LUNG INVOLVEMENT, >/=1 PRIOR SYSTEMIC THERAPY, ECOG PS 0-1, AND ADEQUATE PULMONARY FUNCTION. PATIENTS RECEIVED INHALED AZACITIDINE DAILY ON DAYS 1-5 AND 15-19 OF 28-DAY CYCLES, AT 3 ESCALATING DOSES (15, 30 AND 45 MG/M(2) DAILY). THE PRIMARY OBJECTIVE WAS TO DETERMINE THE FEASIBILITY AND TOLERABILITY OF THIS NEW THERAPEUTIC MODALITY. THE KEY SECONDARY OBJECTIVES INCLUDED PHARMACOKINETICS, METHYLATION PROFILES AND EFFICACY. RESULTS: FROM 3/2015 TO 2/2018, EIGHT PATIENTS RECEIVED A MEDIAN NUMBER OF 2 (IQR = 1) CYCLES OF INHALED AZACITIDINE. NO CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT ADVERSE EVENTS WERE OBSERVED, EXCEPT ONE PATIENT TREATED AT THE HIGHEST DOSE DEVELOPED AN ASYMPTOMATIC GRADE 2 DECREASED DLCO WHICH RESOLVED SPONTANEOUSLY. ONE PATIENT RECEIVING 12 CYCLES OF THERAPY HAD AN OBJECTIVE AND DURABLE PARTIAL RESPONSE, AND TWO PATIENTS HAD STABLE DISEASE. PLASMA AZACITIDINE WAS ONLY BRIEFLY DETECTABLE IN PATIENTS TREATED AT THE HIGHER DOSES. MOREOVER, IN 2 OF 3 PARTICIPANTS WHO AGREED AND UNDERWENT PRE- AND POST-TREATMENT BRONCHOSCOPY, THE GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION IN THE BRONCHIAL EPITHELIUM DECREASED BY 24 % AND 79 % POST-THERAPY, RESPECTIVELY. THE INTERVAL BETWEEN LAST INHALED TREATMENT AND BRONCHOSCOPY WAS 3 DAYS. CONCLUSIONS: INHALED AZACITIDINE RESULTED IN NEGLIGIBLE PLASMA LEVELS COMPARED TO THE PREVIOUSLY REPORTED SUBCUTANEOUS ADMINISTRATION AND WAS WELL-TOLERATED. THE RESULTS JUSTIFY THE CONTINUED DEVELOPMENT OF INHALED AZACITIDINE AT NON-CYTOTOXIC DOSES FOR PATIENTS WITH LUNG-CONFINED MALIGNANT AND/OR PREMALIGNANT LESIONS.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
4  4811  35 OBESITY-ASSOCIATED ALTERATIONS IN INFLAMMATION, EPIGENETICS, AND MAMMARY TUMOR GROWTH PERSIST IN FORMERLY OBESE MICE. USING A MURINE MODEL OF BASAL-LIKE BREAST CANCER, WE TESTED THE HYPOTHESIS THAT CHRONIC OBESITY, AN ESTABLISHED BREAST CANCER RISK AND PROGRESSION FACTOR IN WOMEN, INDUCES MAMMARY GLAND EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING AND INCREASES MAMMARY TUMOR GROWTH. MOREOVER, WE ASSESSED WHETHER THE OBESITY-INDUCED EPIGENETIC AND PROTUMOR EFFECTS ARE REVERSED BY WEIGHT NORMALIZATION. OVARIECTOMIZED FEMALE C57BL/6 MICE WERE FED A CONTROL DIET OR DIET-INDUCED OBESITY (DIO) REGIMEN FOR 17 WEEKS, RESULTING IN A NORMAL WEIGHT OR OBESE PHENOTYPE, RESPECTIVELY. MICE ON THE DIO REGIMEN WERE THEN RANDOMIZED TO CONTINUE THE DIO DIET OR WERE SWITCHED TO THE CONTROL DIET, RESULTING IN FORMERLY OBESE (FOB) MICE WITH WEIGHTS COMPARABLE WITH CONTROL MICE. AT WEEK 24, ALL MICE WERE ORTHOTOPICALLY INJECTED WITH MMTV-WNT-1 MOUSE MAMMARY TUMOR CELLS. MEAN TUMOR VOLUME, SERUM IL6 LEVELS, EXPRESSION OF PROINFLAMMATORY GENES IN THE MAMMARY FAT PAD, AND MAMMARY DNA METHYLATION PROFILES WERE SIMILAR IN DIO AND FOB MICE AND HIGHER THAN IN CONTROLS. MANY OF THE GENES FOUND TO HAVE OBESITY-ASSOCIATED HYPERMETHYLATION IN MICE WERE ALSO FOUND TO BE HYPERMETHYLATED IN THE NORMAL BREAST TISSUE OF OBESE VERSUS NONOBESE HUMAN SUBJECTS, AND NEARLY ALL OF THESE CONCORDANT GENES REMAINED HYPERMETHYLATED AFTER SIGNIFICANT WEIGHT LOSS IN THE FOB MICE. OUR FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT WEIGHT NORMALIZATION MAY NOT BE SUFFICIENT TO REVERSE THE EFFECTS OF CHRONIC OBESITY ON EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING AND INFLAMMATORY SIGNALS IN THE MICROENVIRONMENT THAT ARE ASSOCIATED WITH BREAST CANCER PROGRESSION. CANCER PREV RES; 9(5); 339-48. (C)2016 AACR.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
5  2757  33 EXPRESSION OF EPIGENETIC MACHINERY GENES IS SENSITIVE TO MATERNAL OBESITY AND WEIGHT LOSS IN RELATION TO FETAL GROWTH IN MICE. BACKGROUND: MATERNAL OBESITY IMPACTS FETAL GROWTH AND PREGNANCY OUTCOMES. TO COUNTERACT THE DELETERIOUS EFFECTS OF OBESITY ON FERTILITY AND PREGNANCY ISSUE, PRECONCEPTIONAL WEIGHT LOSS IS RECOMMENDED TO OBESE WOMEN. WHETHER THIS WEIGHT LOSS IS BENEFICIAL/DETRIMENTAL FOR OFFSPRING REMAINS POORLY EXPLORED. EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS COULD BE AFFECTED BY MATERNAL WEIGHT CHANGES, PERTURBING EXPRESSION OF KEY DEVELOPMENTAL GENES IN THE PLACENTA OR FETUS. OUR AIM WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECTS OF CHRONIC MATERNAL OBESITY ON FETO-PLACENTAL GROWTH ALONG WITH THE UNDERLYING EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. WE ALSO TESTED WHETHER PRECONCEPTIONAL WEIGHT LOSS COULD ALLEVIATE THESE EFFECTS. RESULTS: FEMALE MICE WERE FED EITHER A CONTROL DIET (CTRL GROUP), A HIGH-FAT DIET (OBESE (OB) GROUP), OR A HIGH-FAT DIET SWITCHED TO A CONTROL DIET 2 MONTHS BEFORE CONCEPTION (WEIGHT LOSS (WL) GROUP). AT MATING, OB FEMALES PRESENTED AN OBESE PHENOTYPE WHILE WL FEMALES NORMALIZED METABOLIC PARAMETERS. AT EMBRYONIC DAY 18.5 (E18.5), FETUSES FROM OB FEMALES PRESENTED FETAL GROWTH RESTRICTION (FGR; -13 %) AND 28 % OF THE FETUSES WERE SMALL FOR GESTATIONAL AGE (SGA). FETUSES FROM WL FEMALES NORMALIZED THIS PHENOTYPE. THE EXPRESSION OF 60 EPIGENETIC MACHINERY GENES AND 32 METABOLIC GENES WAS MEASURED IN THE FETAL LIVER, PLACENTAL LABYRINTH, AND JUNCTIONAL ZONE. WE REVEALED 23 GENES ALTERED BY MATERNAL WEIGHT TRAJECTORIES IN AT LEAST ONE OF THREE TISSUES. THE FETAL LIVER AND PLACENTAL LABYRINTH WERE MORE RESPONSIVE TO MATERNAL OBESITY THAN JUNCTIONAL ZONE. ONE THIRD (18/60) OF THE EPIGENETIC MACHINERY GENES WERE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED BETWEEN AT LEAST TWO MATERNAL GROUPS. INTERESTINGLY, GENES INVOLVED IN THE HISTONE ACETYLATION PATHWAY WERE PARTICULARLY ALTERED (13/18). IN OB GROUP, LYSINE ACETYLTRANSFERASES AND BROMODOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 2 WERE UPREGULATED, WHILE MOST HISTONE DEACETYLASES WERE DOWNREGULATED. IN WL GROUP, THE EXPRESSION OF ONLY A SUBSET OF THESE GENES WAS NORMALIZED. CONCLUSIONS: THIS STUDY HIGHLIGHTS THE HIGH SENSITIVITY OF THE EPIGENETIC MACHINERY GENE EXPRESSION, AND PARTICULARLY THE HISTONE ACETYLATION PATHWAY, TO MATERNAL OBESITY. THESE OBESITY-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTIONAL CHANGES COULD ALTER THE PLACENTAL AND THE HEPATIC EPIGENOME, LEADING TO FGR. PRECONCEPTIONAL WEIGHT LOSS APPEARS BENEFICIAL TO FETAL GROWTH, BUT SOME EFFECTS OF PREVIOUS OBESITY WERE RETAINED IN OFFSPRING PHENOTYPE.	2016	

6   852  30 CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS (PSC): A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW. CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA (CCA) IS THE MOST COMMON MALIGNANCY IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS (PSC) AND CARRIES A HIGH RATE OF MORTALITY. ALTHOUGH THE PATHOGENESIS OF CCA IN PSC IS LARGELY UNKNOWN, INFLAMMATION-DRIVEN CARCINOGENESIS CONCOMITANT WITH VARIOUS GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC ABNORMALITIES ARE UNDERLYING FACTORS. THE MAJORITY OF CCA CASES DEVELOP FROM A DOMINANT STRICTURE (DS), WHICH IS DEFINED AS A STRICTURE WITH A DIAMETER < 1.5 MM IN THE COMMON BILE DUCT OR < 1.0 MM IN THE HEPATIC DUCT. IN PSC PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH AN ABRUPT AGGRAVATION OF JAUNDICE, PAIN, FATIGUE, PRURITUS, WEIGHT LOSS, OR WORSENING LIVER BIOCHEMISTRIES, CCA SHOULD BE SUSPECTED AND EVALUATED UTILIZING A VARIETY OF DIAGNOSTIC MODALITIES. HOWEVER, EARLY RECOGNITION OF CCA IN PSC REMAINS A MAJOR CHALLENGE. IMPORTANTLY, 30-50% OF CCA IN PSC PATIENTS ARE OBSERVED WITHIN THE FIRST YEAR FOLLOWING THE DIAGNOSIS OF PSC FOLLOWED BY AN ANNUAL INCIDENCE RANGING FROM 0.5 TO 1.5 PER 100 PERSONS, WHICH IS NEARLY 10 TO 1000 TIMES HIGHER THAN THAT IN THE GENERAL POPULATION. CUMULATIVE 5-YEAR, 10-YEAR, AND LIFETIME INCIDENCES ARE 7%, 8-11%, AND 9-20%, RESPECTIVELY. WHEN PSC-ASSOCIATED CCA IS DIAGNOSED, MOST TUMORS ARE UNRESECTABLE, AND NO EFFECTIVE MEDICATIONS ARE AVAILABLE. GIVEN THE POOR THERAPEUTIC OUTCOME, THE SURVEILLANCE AND MANAGEMENT OF PSC PATIENTS WHO ARE AT AN INCREASED RISK OF DEVELOPING CCA ARE OF IMPORTANCE. SUCH PATIENTS INCLUDE OLDER MALES WITH LARGE-DUCT PSC AND POSSIBLY CONCURRENT ULCERATIVE COLITIS. THUS, MORE ATTENTION SHOULD BE PAID TO PATIENTS WITH THESE CLINICAL FEATURES, IN PARTICULAR WITHIN THE FIRST YEAR AFTER PSC DIAGNOSIS. IN CONTRAST, CCA IS LESS FREQUENTLY OBSERVED IN PEDIATRIC OR FEMALE PSC PATIENTS OR IN THOSE WITH SMALL-DUCT PSC OR CONCURRENT CROHN'S DISEASE. RECENTLY, NEW BIOMARKERS SUCH AS ANTIBODIES TO GLYCOPROTEIN 2 HAVE BEEN FOUND TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASED RISK OF DEVELOPING CCA IN PSC. HEREIN, WE REVIEW THE LITERATURE ON THE PATHOGENESIS, INCIDENCE, CLINICAL FEATURES, AND RISK FACTORS, WITH A FOCUS ON VARIOUS DIAGNOSTIC MODALITIES OF PSC-ASSOCIATED CCA.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
7  2936  31 GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC ABNORMALITIES IN PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS-ASSOCIATED CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA. PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS (PSC) IS A CHOLESTATIC LIVER DISEASE OF UNKNOWN ETIOLOGY, CHARACTERIZED BY CHRONIC INFLAMMATION OF THE BILIARY TREE WITH SUBSEQUENT FIBROSIS AND CIRRHOSIS OF THE LIVER. PATIENTS WITH PSC ARE AT INCREASED RISK FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA (CCA), A HIGHLY MALIGNANT EPITHELIAL TUMOR ARISING FROM THE INTRAHEPATIC AND EXTRAHEPATIC BILE DUCTS. CURRENTLY, ORTHOTOPIC LIVER TRANSPLANTATION IS THE ONLY CURATIVE TREATMENT. THE LACK OF EFFICIENT DIAGNOSTIC METHODS FOR EARLY DETECTION AND THE LIMITED THERAPEUTIC OPTIONS FOR CCA ARE MAJOR PROBLEMS AND ARE ASSOCIATED WITH POOR SURVIVAL. THE PATHOGENESIS OF PSC-ASSOCIATED CCA IS COMPLEX AND POORLY UNDERSTOOD. IT SEEMS THAT PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES THAT CONTRIBUTE TO THE CARCINOGENIC PROCESS. THE MAPPING OF GENETIC ALTERATIONS MAY ELUCIDATE MOLECULAR TARGETS THAT MAY BE APPLIED AS BIOMARKERS TO FACILITATE EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF MALIGNANT DEGENERATION TO IMPROVE PATIENT OUTCOME. IN THE LAST DECADE, THE INTRODUCTION OF SEVERAL NOVEL MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES AVAILABLE FOR GENOME-WIDE SCREENING HAS ADVANCED OUR KNOWLEDGE ON MANY OF THE GENETIC ABNORMALITIES THAT ARE PREVALENT IN CCA AND PSC-ASSOCIATED CCA. THIS REVIEW SUMMARIZES GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC ABNORMALITIES, WHICH HAVE IMPORTANT POTENTIAL FOR CLINICAL APPLICATION.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
8  4816  27 OCCULT HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION: A COMPLEX ENTITY WITH RELEVANT CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS. OCCULT HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) INFECTION IS A WORLD-WIDE ENTITY, FOLLOWING THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF DETECTABLE HEPATITIS B. THIS ENTITY IS DEFINED AS THE PERSISTENCE OF VIRAL GENOMES IN THE LIVER TISSUE AND IN SOME INSTANCES ALSO IN THE SERUM, ASSOCIATED TO NEGATIVE HBV SURFACE ANTIGEN SEROLOGY. THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF THE OCCULT INFECTION IS RELATED TO THE LIFE CYCLE OF HBV, WHICH PRODUCES A COVALENTLY CLOSED CIRCULAR DNA THAT PERSISTS IN THE CELL NUCLEI AS AN EPISOME, AND SERVES AS A TEMPLATE FOR GENE TRANSCRIPTION. THE MECHANISM RESPONSIBLE FOR THE HBSAG NEGATIVE STATUS IN OCCULT HBV CARRIERS IS A STRONG SUPPRESSION OF VIRAL REPLICATION, PROBABLY DUE TO THE HOST'S IMMUNE RESPONSE, CO-INFECTION WITH OTHER INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS. THERE IS EMERGING EVIDENCE OF THE POTENTIAL CLINICAL RELEVANCE OF OCCULT HBV INFECTION, SINCE THIS COULD BE INVOLVED IN OCCULT HBV TRANSMISSION THROUGH ORTHOTOPIC LIVER TRANSPLANT AND BLOOD TRANSFUSION, REACTIVATION OF HBV INFECTION DURING IMMUNOSUPPRESSION, IMPAIRING CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE OUTCOME AND ACTING AS A RISK FACTOR FOR HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA. THEREFORE IT IS IMPORTANT TO BEAR IN MIND THIS ENTITY IN CRYPTOGENETIC LIVER DISEASES, HEPATITIS C VIRUS/HIV INFECTED PATIENTS AND IMMUNOSUPRESSED INDIVIDUALS. IT IS ALSO NECESSARY TO INCREASE OUR KNOWLEDGE IN THIS FASCINATING FIELD TO DEFINE BETTER STRATEGIES TO DIAGNOSE AND TREAT THIS INFECTION.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
9  2247  26 EPIGENETIC MODULATION OF MACROPHAGE POLARIZATION PREVENTS LUMBAR DISC DEGENERATION. INFLAMMATION PLAYS AN ESSENTIAL ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LUMBAR DISC DEGENERATION (LDD), ALTHOUGH THE EXACT EFFECTS OF MACROPHAGE SUBTYPES ON LDD REMAIN UNCLEAR. BASED ON PREVIOUS STUDIES, WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT M2-POLARIZATION OF LOCAL MACROPHAGES AND SIMULTANEOUS SUPPRESSION OF THEIR PRODUCTION OF FIBROTIC TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA 1 (TGFBETA1) COULD INHIBIT PROGRESSION OF LDD. THUS, WE APPLIED AN ORTHOTOPIC INJECTION OF ADENO-ASSOCIATED VIRUS (AAV) CARRYING SHRNA FOR DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE 1 (DNMT1) AND/OR SHRNA FOR TGFBETA1 UNDER A MACROPHAGE-SPECIFIC CD68 PROMOTER TO SPECIFICALLY TARGET LOCAL MACROPHAGES IN A MOUSE MODEL FOR LDD. WE FOUND THAT SHDNMT1 SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED LEVELS OF THE PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES TNFALPHA, IL-1BETA AND IL-6, SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED LEVELS OF THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IL-4 AND IL-10, SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED M2 MACROPHAGE POLARIZATION, SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED CELL APOPTOSIS IN THE DISC DEGENERATION ZONE AND SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED LDD-ASSOCIATED PAIN. THE ANTI-APOPTOTIC AND ANTI-PAIN EFFECTS WERE FURTHER STRENGTHENED BY CO-APPLICATION OF SHTGFBETA1. TOGETHER, THESE DATA SUGGEST THAT M2 POLARIZATION OF MACROPHAGES INDUCED BY BOTH EPIGENETIC MODULATION AND SUPPRESSED PRODUCTION AND RELEASE OF TGFBETA1 FROM POLARIZED M2 MACROPHAGES, MAY HAVE A DEMONSTRABLE THERAPEUTIC EFFECT ON LDD.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
10  1646  39 DOES THE HEPATITIS B ANTIGEN HBX PROMOTE THE APPEARANCE OF LIVER CANCER STEM CELLS? HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) IS A MAJOR ETIOLOGIC AGENT OF CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE AND HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC). HBV-ENCODED X ANTIGEN, HBX, AND PATHWAYS IMPLICATED IN THE SELF-RENEWAL OF STEM CELLS CONTRIBUTE TO HCC, BUT IT IS NOT CLEAR WHETHER HBX EXPRESSION PROMOTES "STEMNESS." THUS, EXPERIMENTS WERE DESIGNED TO TEST THE HYPOTHESIS THAT HBX TRIGGERS MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION BY PROMOTING PROPERTIES THAT ARE CHARACTERISTIC OF CANCER STEM CELLS (CSC). TO TEST THIS HYPOTHESIS, HEPG2 CELLS WERE STABLY TRANSDUCED WITH HBX AND THEN ASSAYED FOR PHENOTYPIC AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERISTICS OF "STEMNESS." THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HBX AND "STEMNESS"-ASSOCIATED MARKERS WAS ALSO EVALUATED BY IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STAINING OF LIVER AND TUMOR TISSUE SECTIONS FROM HBV-INFECTED PATIENTS. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT OCT-4, NANOG, KLF-4, BETA-CATENIN, AND EPITHELIAL CELL ADHESION MOLECULE (EPCAM) WERE ACTIVATED BY HBX IN VITRO AND IN VIVO. EPCAM WAS DETECTED IN THE NUCLEI OF HUMAN HCC CELLS FROM INFECTED PATIENTS. HBX PROMOTES "STEMNESS" BY ACTIVATING BETA-CATENIN AND EPIGENETIC UPREGULATION OF MIR-181, BOTH OF WHICH TARGET EPCAM. HBX EXPRESSION WAS ALSO ASSOCIATED WITH DEPRESSED LEVELS OF E-CADHERIN. MOREOVER, HBX STIMULATED CELL MIGRATION, GROWTH IN SOFT AGAR, AND SPHEROID FORMATION. THIS WORK IS THE FIRST TO PROPOSE THAT HBV PROMOTES "STEMNESS" IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF HCC. HBX-ASSOCIATED UPREGULATED EXPRESSION OF MULTIPLE "STEMNESS" MARKERS SUPPORTS THE HYPOTHESIS THAT HBX CONTRIBUTES TO HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS, AT LEAST IN PART, BY PROMOTING CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION THAT ARE CHARACTERISTICS OF CSCS.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
11  3940  40 LNCRNA DLEU2 REGULATES SIRTUINS AND MITOCHONDRIAL RESPIRATORY CHAIN COMPLEX IV: A NOVEL PATHWAY IN OBESITY AND OFFSPRING'S HEALTH. BACKGROUND: LONG NON-CODING RNAS (LNCRNAS) HAVE EMERGED AS A RAPIDLY EXPANDING AREA OF INTEREST IN CHRONIC DISEASES. THEY ARE MOSTLY UNKNOWN FOR ROLES IN METABOLIC REGULATION. SIRTUINS, AN EPIGENETIC MODULATOR CLASS, REGULATE METABOLIC PATHWAYS. HOWEVER, HOW SIRTUINS ARE REGULATED VIA LNCRNA IS UNKNOWN. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT A HIGH-FAT HIGH-FRUCTOSE DIET (HFD-HF) DURING PREGNANCY WOULD INCREASE THE RISK FOR OBESITY VIA LNCRNA-SIRTUIN PATHWAYS. METHODS: FEMALE C57BL/6 MICE (F0) WERE FED EITHER CHOW DIET (CD) OR HFD-HF FOR 6 WEEKS TILL BIRTH. THE PUPS (F1) WERE FED EITHER CD OR HFD-HF FOR 20 WEEKS. EXPRESSION OF DLEU2, SIRTUINS, MITOCHONDRIAL RESPIRATORY COMPLEXES, AND OXIDATIVE STRESS WERE INVESTIGATED IN THE F1 LIVERS. FASTING BLOOD GLUCOSE, INSULIN SENSITIVITY, GLUCOSE TOLERANCE, BODY AND TISSUES WEIGHT WERE MEASURED. A MECHANISTIC INTERACTION WAS THEN CARRIED OUT USING A DLEU2 KNOCKDOWN EXPERIMENT IN THE HEPG2 CELL. RESULTS: DLEU2 AND SIRTUINS WERE BOTH SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED IN THE LIVERS OF HFD-HF FED MALE F1 WHOSE MOTHERS WERE EITHER FED CD OR HFD-HF DURING REPRODUCTIVE AND PREGNANCY WINDOWS. CONFIRMING THIS CONNECTION, UPON SILENCING DLEU2, TRANSCRIPTION LEVELS OF SIRT1 THROUGH 6 AND TRANSLATIONAL LEVELS OF SIRT1, 3, 5, AND 6 WERE SIGNIFICANTLY DOWNREGULATED. KNOCKDOWN OF DLEU2 SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED THE PROTEIN LEVEL OF CYTOCHROME-C OXIDASE (COMPLEX IV, MTCO1) WITHOUT ALTERING OTHER MITOCHONDRIAL COMPLEXES, DECREASED MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE POTENTIAL, DECREASED ATP, AND INCREASED REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES. INTERESTINGLY, IN F1 LIVERS, THE PROTEIN LEVEL OF MTCO1 WAS ALSO SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED UNDER AN HFD-HF DIET OR EVEN UNDER CHOW DIET IF THE MOTHER WAS EXPOSED TO HFD-HF. CONCLUSION: OUR FINDINGS REVEAL FOR THE FIRST TIME THAT ONE LNCRNA CAN REGULATE SIRTUINS AND A SPECIFIC MITOCHONDRIAL COMPLEX. FURTHERMORE, DIET OR MATERNAL DIET CAN MODULATE DLEU2 AND ITS DOWNSTREAM REGULATORS IN OFFSPRING, SUGGESTING A POTENTIAL ROLE OF DLEU2 IN METABOLIC DISORDERS OVER ONE OR MORE GENERATIONS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
12  4371  29 MIRNAS POTENTIALLY INVOLVED IN POST LUNG TRANSPLANT-OBLITERATIVE BRONCHIOLITIS: THE ROLE OF MIR-21-5P. EPIGENETIC CHANGES, INCLUDING MIRNAS DEREGULATION, HAVE BEEN SUGGESTED TO PLAY A SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN DEVELOPMENT OF OBLITERATIVE BRONCHIOLITIS (OB) IN TRANSPLANTED LUNGS. MANY STUDIES HAVE TRIED TO IDENTIFY IDEAL CANDIDATE MIRNAS AND THE DOWNSTREAM PATHWAYS IMPLICATED IN THE BRONCHIOLAR FIBRO-OBLITERATIVE PROCESS. SEVERAL CANDIDATE MIRNAS, PREVIOUSLY INDICATED AS POSSIBLY BEING ASSOCIATED WITH OB, WERE ANALYZED BY COMBINING THE QUANTITATIVE REAL TIME-POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (QRT-PCR) AND IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION (ISH) OF LUNG TISSUES OF OB AFFECTED PATIENTS. DISEASE AND OB-LESION-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION OF MIR-21-5P WAS CONFIRMED AND BY COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS WE WERE ABLE TO IDENTIFY THE NETWORK OF GENES MOST PROBABLY ASSOCIATED MIR-21-5P IN THE CONTEXT OF OB FIBROGENESIS. AMONG ALL POTENTIALLY ASSOCIATED GENES, STAT3 HAD A VERY HIGH PROBABILITY SCORE. IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY SHOWED THAT STAT3/MIR-21-5P WERE CO-OVER EXPRESSED IN OB LESIONS, THUS, SUGGESTING MIR-21-5P COULD REGULATE STAT3 EXPRESSION. HOWEVER, MIR-21-5P INHIBITION IN CULTURES OF BRONCHIOLITIS OBLITERANS SYNDROME (BOS) DERIVED MYOFIBROBLASTS DID NOT SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECT STAT3 MRNA AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION LEVELS. THIS STUDY DEMONSTRATES THE SPECIFICITY OF MIR-21-5P OVER-EXPRESSION IN OB LESIONS AND CONTRIBUTES TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE ON THE MIR-21-5P DOWNSTREAM PATHWAY. ACTIVATION OF STAT3 IS ASSOCIATED WITH MIR-21-5P UPREGULATION, HOWEVER, STAT-3 NETWORK ACTIVATION IS MOST LIKELY COMPLEX AND MIR-21-5P IS NOT THE SOLE REGULATOR OF STAT3.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
13  3241  31 HEPATIC MICRORNA MODULATION MIGHT BE AN EARLY EVENT TO NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE DEVELOPMENT DRIVEN BY HIGH-FAT DIET IN MALE MICE. INTRODUCTION: METABOLIC ALTERATIONS CAUSED BY AN IMBALANCE OF MACRONUTRIENT CONSUMPTION ARE OFTEN RELATED TO THE MODULATION OF MICRORNAS (MIRNAS), WHICH COULD ALTER MRNAS EXPRESSION PROFILE AND ACCELERATE THE DEVELOPMENT OF NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD). AIMS: THIS STUDY AIMED TO INVESTIGATE THE CONTRIBUTION OF MIRNAS IN MODULATING EARLY STAGES OF NAFLD IN MICE SUBMITTED TO A HIGH-FAT DIET (HFD). METHODS AND RESULTS: MALE SWISS MICE, FED EITHER A CONTROL DIET OR AN HFD FOR 1, 3, 7, 15, 30, 56 DAYS, WERE ASSESSED FOR METABOLIC ALTERATIONS, GENE EXPRESSION AND NAFLD MARKERS. A HEPATOCYTE CELL LINE WAS USED TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECTS OF MIR-370 MODULATION ON ENZYMES INVOLVED IN BETA-OXIDATION. BODY WEIGHT AND ADIPOSITY WERE HIGHER AFTER 7 DAYS OF HFD. FASTING GLUCOSE AND INSULIN INCREASED AFTER 3 AND 7 DAYS OF HFD, RESPECTIVELY. WHILE HEPATIC LIPID CONTENT INCREASED FROM THE FIRST DAY ON, HEPATIC GLYCOGEN HAD A DECREASE AFTER 3 DAYS OF HFD CONSUMPTION. MIR-370 AND LET-7 EXPRESSION INCREASED WITH ACUTE AND CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO HFD, ACCOMPANIED BY CARNITINE PALMITOYLTRANSFERASE 1A (CPT1A), ACYL-COA DEHYDROGENASE VERY LONG CHAIN (ACADVL) AND PROTEIN KINASE AMP-ACTIVATED CATALYTIC SUBUNIT 2 (PRKAA2) DOWNREGULATION, WHILE DECREASED MIR-122 EXPRESSION WAS ACCOMPANIED BY 1-ACYLGLYCEROL-3-PHOSPHATE-O-ACYLTRANSFERASE (AGPAT) UPREGULATION AFTER 56 DAYS OF HFD CONSUMPTION, SOME OF THEM CONFIRMED BY IN VITRO EXPERIMENTS. DESPITE FLUCTUATIONS IN TNFA AND IL6 MRNA LEVELS, MOLECULAR MODULATION WAS CONSISTENT WITH HEPATIC TG AND NAFLD DEVELOPMENT. CONCLUSION: HEPATIC MIR-370-122-LET7 MIRNA MODULATION COULD BE THE FIRST INSULT TO NAFLD DEVELOPMENT, PRECEDING CHANGES IN GLYCEMIC HOMEOSTASIS AND ADIPOSITY.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
14  2755  36 EXPRESSION OF CLASS II HISTONE DEACETYLASES IN TWO MOUSE MODELS OF TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY. EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS LIKE ALTERED HISTONE ACETYLATION MAY HAVE A CRUCIAL ROLE IN EPILEPTOGENESIS. IN TWO MOUSE MODELS OF TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY, WE INVESTIGATED CHANGES IN THE EXPRESSION OF CLASS II HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDAC), A GROUP OF SIGNAL TRANSDUCERS THAT SHUTTLE BETWEEN NUCLEUS AND CYTOPLASM. INTRAHIPPOCAMPAL INJECTION OF KAINIC ACID (KA) INDUCED A STATUS EPILEPTICUS, DEVELOPMENT OF SPONTANEOUS SEIZURES (AFTER 3 DAYS), AND FINALLY CHRONIC EPILEPSY AND GRANULE CELL DISPERSION. EXPRESSION OF CLASS II HDAC MRNAS WAS INVESTIGATED AT DIFFERENT TIME INTERVALS AFTER KA INJECTION IN THE GRANULE CELL LAYERS AND IN SECTORS CA1 AND CA3 CONTRALATERAL TO THE SITE OF KA INJECTION LACKING NEURODEGENERATION. INCREASED EXPRESSION OF HDAC5 AND 9 MRNAS COINCIDED WITH PRONOUNCED GRANULE CELL DISPERSION IN THE KA-INJECTED HIPPOCAMPUS AT LATE INTERVALS (14-28 DAYS AFTER KA) AND EQUALLY AFFECTED BOTH HDAC9 SPLICE VARIANTS. IN CONTRAST, IN THE PILOCARPINE MODEL (SHOWING NO GRANULE CELL DISPERSION), WE OBSERVED DECREASES IN THE EXPRESSION OF HDAC5 AND 9 AT THE SAME TIME INTERVALS. BEYOND THIS, STRIKING SIMILARITIES BETWEEN BOTH TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY MODELS SUCH AS FAST DECREASES IN HDAC7 AND 10 MRNAS DURING THE ACUTE STATUS EPILEPTICUS WERE OBSERVED, NOTABLY ALSO IN THE CONTRALATERAL HIPPOCAMPUS NOT AFFECTED BY NEURODEGENERATION. THE PARTICULAR PATTERNS OF HDAC MRNA EXPRESSION SUGGEST A ROLE IN EPILEPTOGENESIS AND GRANULE CELL DISPERSION. REDUCED EXPRESSION OF HDACS MAY RESULT IN INCREASED EXPRESSION OF PRO- AND ANTICONVULSIVE PROTEINS. ON THE OTHER HAND, EXPORT OF HDACS FROM THE NUCLEUS INTO THE CYTOPLASM COULD ALLOW FOR DEACETYLATION OF CYTOPLASMATIC PROTEINS INVOLVED IN AXONAL AND DENDRITIC REMODELING, LIKE GRANULE CELL DISPERSION. HDAC 5 AND HDAC 9 EXPRESSION IS HIGHLY INCREASED IN GRANULE CELLS OF THE KA-INJECTED HIPPOCAMPUS AND PARALLELS GRANULE CELL DISPERSION. BOTH HDACS ARE THOUGHT TO BE TARGETED TO THE CYTOPLASM AND TO ACT THERE BY DEACETYLATING CYTOPLASMATIC (E.G. CYTOSCELETON-RELATED) PROTEINS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
15  3410  36 HOXA5 UNDERGOES DYNAMIC DNA METHYLATION AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSION IN THE ADIPOSE TISSUE OF MICE EXPOSED TO HIGH-FAT DIET. BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: THE GENOMIC BASES OF THE ADIPOSE TISSUE ABNORMALITIES INDUCED BY CHRONIC POSITIVE CALORIE EXCESS HAVE BEEN ONLY PARTIALLY ELUCIDATED. WE ADOPTED A GENOME-WIDE APPROACH TO DIRECTLY TEST WHETHER LONG-TERM HIGH-FAT DIET (HFD) EXPOSURE AFFECTS THE DNA METHYLATION PROFILE OF THE MOUSE ADIPOSE TISSUE AND TO IDENTIFY THE FUNCTIONAL CONSEQUENCES OF THESE CHANGES. SUBJECTS/METHODS: WE HAVE USED EPIDIDYMAL FAT OF MICE FED EITHER HIGH-FAT (HFD) OR REGULAR CHOW (STD) DIET FOR 5 MONTHS AND PERFORMED GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION ANALYSES BY METHYLATED DNA IMMUNOPRECIPITATION SEQUENCING (MEDIP-SEQ). MOUSE HOMEOBOX (HOX) GENE DNA METHYLATION PCR, RT-QPCR AND BISULPHITE SEQUENCING ANALYSES WERE THEN PERFORMED. RESULTS: MICE FED THE HFD PROGRESSIVELY EXPANDED THEIR ADIPOSE MASS ACCOMPANIED BY A SIGNIFICANT DECREASE IN GLUCOSE TOLERANCE (P<0.001) AND INSULIN SENSITIVITY (P<0.05). MEDIP-SEQ DATA ANALYSIS REVEALED A UNIFORM DISTRIBUTION OF DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS (DMR) THROUGH THE ENTIRE ADIPOCYTE GENOME, WITH A HIGHER NUMBER OF HYPERMETHYLATED REGIONS IN HFD MICE (P<0.005). THIS DIFFERENT METHYLATION PROFILE WAS ACCOMPANIED BY INCREASED EXPRESSION OF THE DNMT3A DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE (DNMT; P<0.05) AND THE METHYL-CPG-BINDING DOMAIN PROTEIN MBD3 (P<0.05) GENES IN HFD MICE. GENE ONTOLOGY ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT, IN THE HFD-TREATED MICE, THE HOX FAMILY OF DEVELOPMENT GENES WAS HIGHLY ENRICHED IN DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED GENES (P=0.008). TO VALIDATE THIS FINDING, HOXA5, WHICH IS IMPLICATED IN FAT TISSUE DIFFERENTIATION AND REMODELING, HAS BEEN SELECTED AND ANALYZED BY BISULPHITE SEQUENCING, CONFIRMING HYPERMETHYLATION IN THE ADIPOSE TISSUE FROM THE HFD MICE. HOXA5 HYPERMETHYLATION WAS ASSOCIATED WITH DOWNREGULATION OF HOXA5 MRNA AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION. FEEDING ANIMALS PREVIOUSLY EXPOSED TO THE HFD WITH A STANDARD CHOW DIET FOR TWO FURTHER MONTHS IMPROVED THE METABOLIC PHENOTYPE OF THE ANIMALS, ACCOMPANIED BY RETURN OF HOXA5 METHYLATION AND EXPRESSION LEVELS (P<0.05) TO VALUES SIMILAR TO THOSE OF THE CONTROL MICE MAINTAINED UNDER STANDARD CHOW. CONCLUSIONS: HFD INDUCES ADIPOSE TISSUE ABNORMALITIES ACCOMPANIED BY EPIGENETIC CHANGES AT THE HOXA5 ADIPOSE TISSUE REMODELING GENE.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                     
16  5345  44 RAPID CHANGES IN EXPRESSION OF CLASS I AND IV HISTONE DEACETYLASES DURING EPILEPTOGENESIS IN MOUSE MODELS OF TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY. A PROMINENT ROLE OF EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN MANIFESTATION OF EPILEPSY HAS BEEN PROPOSED. THUS ALTERED HISTONE H3 AND H4 ACETYLATION HAS BEEN DEMONSTRATED IN EXPERIMENTAL MODELS OF TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY (TLE). WE NOW INVESTIGATED CHANGES IN THE EXPRESSION OF THE CLASS I AND CLASS IV HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDAC) IN TWO COMPLEMENTARY MOUSE TLE MODELS. UNILATERAL INTRAHIPPOCAMPAL INJECTION OF KAINIC ACID (KA) INDUCED A STATUS EPILEPTICUS LASTING 6 TO 24H, DEVELOPMENT OF SPONTANEOUS LIMBIC SEIZURES (2 TO 3 DAYS AFTER KA INJECTION) AND CHRONIC EPILEPSY, AS REVEALED BY TELEMETRIC RECORDINGS OF THE EEGS. MICE WERE KILLED AT DIFFERENT INTERVALS AFTER KA INJECTION AND EXPRESSION OF HDAC MRNAS WAS INVESTIGATED BY IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION. WE OBSERVED MARKED DECREASES IN THE EXPRESSION OF HDACS 1, 2 AND 11 (BY UP TO 75%) IN THE GRANULE CELL AND PYRAMIDAL CELL LAYERS OF THE HIPPOCAMPUS DURING THE ACUTE STATUS EPILEPTICUS (2 TO 6H AFTER KA INJECTION). THIS WAS FOLLOWED BY INCREASED EXPRESSION OF ALL CLASS I HDAC MRNAS IN ALL PRINCIPAL CELL LAYERS OF THE HIPPOCAMPUS AFTER 12 TO 48 H. IN THE CHRONIC PHASE, 14 AND 28 DAYS AFTER KA, ONLY MODEST INCREASES IN THE EXPRESSION OF HDAC1 MRNA WERE OBSERVED IN GRANULE AND PYRAMIDAL CELLS. IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY USING AN ANTIBODY DETECTING HDAC2 REVEALED RESULTS CONSISTENT WITH THE MRNA DATA AND INDICATES ALSO EXPRESSION IN GLIAL CELLS ON THE INJECTION SIDE. SIMILAR CHANGES AS SEEN IN THE KA MODEL WERE OBSERVED AFTER A PILOCARPINE-INDUCED STATUS EPILEPTICUS EXCEPT THAT DECREASES IN HDACS 2, 3 AND 8 WERE ALSO SEEN AT THE CHRONIC 28 DAY INTERVAL. THE PROMINENT DECREASES IN HDAC EXPRESSION DURING STATUS EPILEPTICUS ARE CONSISTENT WITH THE PREVIOUSLY DEMONSTRATED INCREASED EXPRESSION OF NUMEROUS PROTEINS AND WITH THE AUGMENTED ACETYLATION OF HISTONE H4. IT IS SUGGESTED THAT RESPECTIVE PUTATIVE GENE PRODUCTS COULD FACILITATE PROCONVULSIVE AS WELL AS ANTICONVULSIVE MECHANISMS. THE INCREASED EXPRESSION OF ALL CLASS I HDACS DURING THE "SILENT PHASE", ON THE OTHER HAND, MAY BE RELATED TO DECREASED HISTONE ACETYLATION, WHICH COULD CAUSE A DECREASE IN EXPRESSION OF CERTAIN PROTEINS, A MECHANISM THAT COULD ALSO PROMOTE EPILEPTOGENESIS. THUS, ADDRESSING HDAC EXPRESSION MAY HAVE A THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL IN INTERFERING WITH A STATUS EPILEPTICUS AND WITH THE MANIFESTATION OF TLE.	2015	
                                                                       
17  5753  37 SOCIAL ISOLATION REDUCES MAMMARY DEVELOPMENT, TUMOR INCIDENCE, AND EXPRESSION OF EPIGENETIC REGULATORS IN WILD-TYPE AND P53-HETEROZYGOTIC MICE. CHRONIC STRESS IS ASSOCIATED WITH MORE RAPID TUMOR PROGRESSION, AND RECENT EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT STRESS MAY CONTRIBUTE TO SOCIAL AND ETHNIC DISPARITIES IN THE INCIDENCE AND MORTALITY OF BREAST CANCER. WE EVALUATED THE P53(+/-) FVB/N MOUSE AS A MODEL TO INVESTIGATE EFFECTS OF CHRONIC SOCIAL STRESS ON MAMMARY GLAND DEVELOPMENT, GENE EXPRESSION, AND TUMORIGENESIS. WE INDIVIDUALLY HOUSED (IH) WILD-TYPE AND P53(+/-) FEMALE FVB/N MICE, STARTING AT WEANING. AT 14 WEEKS OF AGE, BOTH WILD-TYPE AND P53(+/-) IH MICE SHOWED STRIKINGLY REDUCED MAMMARY DEVELOPMENT COMPARED WITH GROUP-HOUSED (GH) CONTROLS, WITH IH MICE HAVING SIGNIFICANTLY FEWER PRETERMINAL END BUDS. THIS MORPHOLOGIC DIFFERENCE WAS NOT REFLECTED IN LEVELS OF MAMMARY TRANSCRIPTS FOR ESTROGEN RECEPTOR-ALPHA OR PROGESTIN RECEPTOR. HOWEVER, IH INCREASED LEVELS OF MRNA FOR THE KISSPEPTIN RECEPTOR IN THE MEDIAL PREOPTIC AREA OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS, ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCED DURATION OF ESTROUS CYCLES. FURTHERMORE, IH ALTERED MAMMARY TRANSCRIPTS OF GENES ASSOCIATED WITH DNA METHYLATION; TRANSCRIPTS FOR METHYL-BINDING PROTEIN 2 AND DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE 3B (DNMT3B), BUT NOT DNMT1 AND DNMT3A, WERE REDUCED IN IH COMPARED WITH GH FEMALES. INTERESTINGLY, THE GLANDS OF P53(+/-) FEMALES SHOWED REDUCED EXPRESSION OF ALL THESE MEDIATORS COMPARED WITH WILD-TYPE FEMALES. HOWEVER, CONTRARY TO OUR INITIAL HYPOTHESIS, IH DID NOT INCREASE MAMMARY TUMORIGENESIS. RATHER, P53(+/-) GH FEMALES DEVELOPED SIGNIFICANTLY MORE MAMMARY TUMORS THAN IH MICE. TOGETHER, THESE DATA SUGGEST THAT SOCIAL ISOLATION INITIATED AT PUBERTY MIGHT CONFOUND STUDIES OF TUMORIGENESIS BY ALTERING MAMMARY DEVELOPMENT IN MOUSE MODELS.	2010	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
18  1795  25 EFFECT OF DIFFERENT COMBINATION OF MATERNAL AND POSTNATAL DIET ON ADIPOSE TISSUE MORPHOLOGY IN MALE RAT OFFSPRING. PURPOSE: ADIPOSE TISSUE EXPANSION CAN OCCUR THROUGH SEVERAL DIFFERENT WAYS AND, UNDER CERTAIN CONDITIONS, CAN BE CONNECTED WITH CHRONIC INFLAMMATION. TNF-ALPHA IS ONE OF THE IMPORTANT CYTOKINES INVOLVED IN THIS PROCESS. PROLONGED INFLAMMATION IN OBESITY CAN LEAD TO OBESITY-RELATED INSULIN RESISTANCE AND TISSUE DYSFUNCTION. THE AIM OF OUR STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE HOW DIFFERENT COMBINATION OF MATERNAL AND POSTNATAL DIET AFFECTS OFFSPRING ADIPOSE TISSUE MORPHOLOGY AND ADIPOSE TISSUE TNF-ALPHA EXPRESSION. METHODS: TEN FEMALE SPRAGUE DAWLEY RATS, 9 WEEKS OLD, WERE RANDOMLY DIVIDED INTO TWO GROUPS AND FED EITHER STANDARD LABORATORY CHOW OR FOOD RICH IN SATURATED FATTY ACIDS DURING 6 WEEKS AND THEN MATED WITH THE SAME MALE RAT. AFTER BIRTH AND LACTATION MALE RAT OFFSPRING FROM BOTH GROUPS WERE DIVIDED INTO FOUR SUBGROUPS DEPENDING ON THE DIET THEY WERE FED UNTIL 22 WEEKS OLD. SAMPLES OF WHITE ADIPOSE TISSUE WERE TAKEN FROM THE SUBCUTANEOUS, EPIDIDYMAL, AND PERIRENAL FAT PAD. ON TISSUE SECTIONS, HISTOMORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS WAS CONDUCTED USING CELLPROFILER PROGRAM V 2.1.1, AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STAINING FOR TNF-ALPHA WAS PERFORMED. RESULTS: GREATER MEAN SURFACE AREA OF SUBCUTANEOUS AND EPIDIDYMAL ADIPOCYTES WAS FOUND IN GROUPS OF MALE RAT OFFSPRING WITH ALTERED DIET. IN PERIRENAL ADIPOSE TISSUE, THE HIGHEST NUMBER OF ADIPOCYTES WAS MEASURED IN THE GROUP WHERE BOTH MOTHER AND OFFSPRING WERE FED A HIGH-FAT DIET. ADIPOCYTE STAINING INTENSITY FOR TNF-ALPHA DID NOT DIFFER SIGNIFICANTLY BETWEEN THE GROUPS. CONCLUSIONS: TOGETHER WITH OUR PREVIOUSLY PUBLISHED DATA, OUR RESULTS LEAD TO THE CONCLUSION THAT ALTERATION OF POSTNATAL DIET CAN LEAD TO TNF-ALPHA AND ADIPOCYTE MORPHOLOGY CHANGES.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
19  3264  31 HEPATITIS VIRUS INFECTION AFFECTS DNA METHYLATION IN MICE WITH HUMANIZED LIVERS. BACKGROUND & AIMS: CELLS OF TUMORS ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC INFLAMMATION FREQUENTLY HAVE ALTERED PATTERNS OF DNA METHYLATION, INCLUDING HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMAS. CHRONIC HEPATITIS HAS ALSO BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION, BUT LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT THEIR RELATIONSHIP. METHODS: PYROSEQUENCING WAS USED TO DETERMINE THE METHYLATION STATUS OF CULTURED HUH7.5.1 HEPATOMA CELLS AFTER HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) INFECTION. WE ALSO STUDIED MICE WITH SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY CARRYING THE UROKINASE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR TRANSGENE CONTROLLED BY AN ALBUMIN PROMOTER (UROKINASE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR/SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENT MICE), IN WHICH UP TO 85% OF HEPATOCYTES WERE REPLACED BY HUMAN HEPATOCYTES (CHIMERIC MICE). MICE WERE GIVEN INTRAVENOUS INJECTIONS OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) OR HCV, LIVER TISSUES WERE COLLECTED, AND DNA METHYLATION PROFILES WERE DETERMINED AT DIFFERENT TIME POINTS AFTER INFECTION. WE ALSO COMPARED METHYLATION PATTERNS BETWEEN PAIRED SAMPLES OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMAS AND ADJACENT NONTUMOR LIVER TISSUES FROM PATIENTS. RESULTS: NO REPRODUCIBLE CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION WERE OBSERVED AFTER INFECTION OF HUH7.5.1 CELLS WITH HCV. LIVERS FROM HBV- AND HCV-INFECTED MICE HAD GENOME-WIDE, TIME-DEPENDENT CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION, COMPARED WITH UNINFECTED UROKINASE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR/SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENT MICE. THERE WERE CHANGES IN 160 +/- 63 GENES IN HBV-INFECTED AND 237 +/- 110 GENES IN HCV-INFECTED MICE. METHYLATION OF 149 COMMON GENES INCREASED IN HBV- AND HCV-INFECTED MICE; METHYLATION OF SOME OF THESE GENES ALSO INCREASED IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA SAMPLES FROM PATIENTS COMPARED WITH NONTUMOR TISSUES. EXPRESSION OF IFNG, WHICH IS EXPRESSED BY NATURAL KILLER CELLS, INCREASED SIGNIFICANTLY IN CHIMERIC LIVERS, IN CONCORDANCE WITH INDUCTION OF DNA METHYLATION, AFTER INFECTION WITH HBV OR HCV. INDUCTION OF IFNG WAS REDUCED AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF AN INHIBITOR OF NATURAL KILLER CELL FUNCTION (ANTI-ASIALO GM1). CONCLUSIONS: IN CHIMERIC MICE WITH HUMANIZED LIVERS, INFECTION WITH HBV AND HCV APPEARS TO ACTIVATE A NATURAL KILL CELL-DEPENDENT INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE. THIS CONTRIBUTES TO THE INDUCTION AND ACCUMULATION OF ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION IN HUMAN HEPATOCYTES.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                  
20  1399  40 DIET-INDUCED OBESITY MODULATES EPIGENETIC RESPONSES TO IONIZING RADIATION IN MICE. BOTH EXPOSURE TO IONIZING RADIATION AND OBESITY HAVE BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH VARIOUS PATHOLOGIES INCLUDING CANCER. THERE IS A CRUCIAL NEED IN BETTER UNDERSTANDING THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN IONIZING RADIATION EFFECTS (ESPECIALLY AT LOW DOSES) AND OTHER RISK FACTORS, SUCH AS OBESITY. IN ORDER TO EVALUATE RADIATION RESPONSES IN OBESE ANIMALS, C3H AND C57BL/6J MICE FED A CONTROL NORMAL FAT OR A HIGH FAT (HF) DIET WERE EXPOSED TO FRACTIONATED DOSES OF X-RAYS (0.75 GY X4). BONE MARROW MICRONUCLEUS ASSAYS DID NOT SUGGEST A MODULATION OF RADIATION-INDUCED GENOTOXICITY BY HF DIET. USING MSP, WE OBSERVED THAT THE PROMOTERS OF P16 AND DAPK GENES WERE METHYLATED IN THE LIVERS OF C57BL/6J MICE FED A HF DIET (IRRADIATED AND NON-IRRADIATED); MGMT PROMOTER WAS METHYLATED IN IRRADIATED AND/OR HF DIET-FED MICE. IN ADDITION, METHYLATION PCR ARRAYS IDENTIFIED EP300 AND SOCS1 (WHOSE PROMOTERS EXHIBITED HIGHER METHYLATION LEVELS IN NON-IRRADIATED HF DIET-FED MICE) AS POTENTIAL TARGETS FOR FURTHER STUDIES. WE THEN COMPARED MICRORNA REGULATIONS AFTER RADIATION EXPOSURE IN THE LIVERS OF C57BL/6J MICE FED A NORMAL OR AN HF DIET, USING MICRORNA ARRAYS. INTERESTINGLY, RADIATION-TRIGGERED MICRORNA REGULATIONS OBSERVED IN NORMAL MICE WERE NOT OBSERVED IN OBESE MICE. MIR-466E WAS UPREGULATED IN NON-IRRADIATED OBESE MICE. IN VITRO FREE FATTY ACID (PALMITIC ACID, OLEIC ACID) ADMINISTRATION SENSITIZED AML12 MOUSE LIVER CELLS TO IONIZING RADIATION, BUT THE INHIBITION OF MIR-466E COUNTERACTED THIS RADIO-SENSITIZATION, SUGGESTING THAT THE MODULATION OF RADIATION RESPONSES BY DIET-INDUCED OBESITY MIGHT INVOLVE MIR-466E EXPRESSION. ALL TOGETHER, OUR RESULTS SUGGESTED THE EXISTENCE OF DIETARY EFFECTS ON RADIATION RESPONSES (ESPECIALLY EPIGENETIC REGULATIONS) IN MICE, POSSIBLY IN RELATIONSHIP WITH OBESITY-INDUCED CHRONIC OXIDATIVE STRESS.	2014