1  1684 149 DRUG-TOLERANT CANCER CELLS SHOW REDUCED TUMOR-INITIATING CAPACITY: DEPLETION OF CD44 CELLS AND EVIDENCE FOR EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. CANCER STEM CELLS (CSCS) POSSESS HIGH TUMOR-INITIATING CAPACITY AND HAVE BEEN REPORTED TO BE RESISTANT TO THERAPEUTICS. VICE VERSA, THERAPY-RESISTANT CANCER CELLS SEEM TO MANIFEST CSC PHENOTYPES AND PROPERTIES. IT HAS BEEN GENERALLY ASSUMED THAT DRUG-RESISTANT CANCER CELLS MAY ALL BE CSCS ALTHOUGH THE GENERALITY OF THIS ASSUMPTION IS UNKNOWN. HERE, WE CHRONICALLY TREATED DU145 PROSTATE CANCER CELLS WITH ETOPOSIDE, PACLITAXEL AND SOME EXPERIMENTAL DRUGS (I.E., STAUROSPORINE AND 2 PACLITAXEL ANALOGS), WHICH LED TO POPULATIONS OF DRUG-TOLERANT CELLS (DTCS). SURPRISINGLY, THESE DTCS, WHEN IMPLANTED EITHER SUBCUTANEOUSLY OR ORTHOTOPICALLY INTO NOD/SCID MICE, EXHIBITED MUCH REDUCED TUMORIGENICITY OR WERE EVEN NON-TUMORIGENIC. DRUG-TOLERANT DLD1 COLON CANCER CELLS SELECTED BY A SIMILAR CHRONIC SELECTION PROTOCOL ALSO DISPLAYED REDUCED TUMORIGENICITY WHEREAS DRUG-TOLERANT UC14 BLADDER CANCER CELLS DEMONSTRATED EITHER INCREASED OR DECREASED TUMOR-REGENERATING CAPACITY. DRUG-TOLERANT DU145 CELLS DEMONSTRATED LOW PROLIFERATIVE AND CLONOGENIC POTENTIAL AND WERE VIRTUALLY DEVOID OF CD44(+) CELLS. PROSPECTIVE KNOCKDOWN OF CD44 IN DU145 CELLS INHIBITED CELL PROLIFERATION AND TUMOR REGENERATION, WHEREAS RESTORATION OF CD44 EXPRESSION IN DRUG-TOLERANT DU145 CELLS INCREASED CELL PROLIFERATION AND PARTIALLY INCREASED TUMORIGENICITY. INTERESTINGLY, DRUG-TOLERANT DU145 CELLS SHOWED BOTH INCREASES AND DECREASES IN MANY "STEMNESS" GENES. FINALLY, EVIDENCE WAS PROVIDED THAT CHRONIC DRUG EXPOSURE GENERATED DTCS VIA EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS INVOLVING MOLECULES SUCH AS CD44 AND KDM5A. OUR RESULTS THUS REVEAL THAT 1) NOT ALL DTCS ARE NECESSARILY CSCS; 2) CONVENTIONAL CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS SUCH AS TAXOL AND ETOPOSIDE MAY DIRECTLY TARGET CD44(+) TUMOR-INITIATING CELLS; AND 3) DTCS GENERATED VIA CHRONIC DRUG SELECTION INVOLVE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
2  1044  30 CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH NON-HODGKIN B-CELL LYMPHOMA: A MULTICENTER RETROSPECTIVE STUDY. BACKGROUND: HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS (HLH) ASSOCIATED WITH B-CELL LYMPHOMA IS A HIGHLY AGGRESSIVE DISEASE WITH UNCLEAR CLINICAL FEATURES AND HAS NO STANDARD TREATMENT. PATIENTS AND METHODS: WE ANALYZED THE CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF 31 PATIENTS FROM TWO INDIVIDUAL CENTERS. RESULTS: THE MEDIAN OVERALL SURVIVAL WAS ONLY 1.5 MONTHS. BOTH UNIVARIATE AND MULTIVARIATE ANALYSES, BASED ON LYMPHOMA OR HLH-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS, REVEALED THAT PATIENTS WITH HIGH EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS (EBV) DNA LOAD AND >/= 2 EXTRANODAL LESIONS, OR HYPOFIBRINOGENEMIA, RESPECTIVELY, SHOWED SIGNIFICANTLY POORER OVERALL SURVIVAL. INTERESTINGLY, SOME PATIENTS WITH HIGH EBV DNA LOAD HAD EBV-POSITIVE NATURAL KILLER (NK) AND/OR T CELLS, WHICH MAY BE RELATED TO THE COEXISTENCE OF IMMUNODEFICIENCY AND/OR CHRONIC ACTIVE EBV INFECTION. MOLECULAR GENETICS EXAMINATION CONFIRMED THAT 47.4% (9/19) OF PATIENTS HAD COMPLEX KARYOTYPES, 37.5% (3/8) OF PATIENTS HAD TP53 DELETIONS, AND 21.34% (3/14) OF PATIENTS HAD TP53 MUTATION OR ALTERATION OF MALIGNANCY-RELATED PATHWAYS, INCLUDING BCR/NF-KAPPAB, JAK-STAT, AND EPIGENETIC REGULATORY PATHWAYS, WHICH MAY PROVIDE CLUES TO CHOOSE TARGETS FOR THERAPY. TREATMENT REGIMENS CONTAINING ETOPOSIDE, ANTI-CD20 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES, OR ANTHRACYCLINES IMPROVED PATIENT PROGNOSIS (P = .0183, .025, AND .0436, RESPECTIVELY). PATIENTS WITH INFECTIONS HAD SIGNIFICANTLY SHORTER SURVIVAL THAN THOSE WITHOUT INFECTIONS (P = .00019). CONCLUSION: THE PATIENTS' PERFORMANCE STATUS, NUMBER OF EXTRANODAL LESIONS, HIGH EBV DNA LOAD, AND HYPOFIBRINOGENEMIA ARE POOR PROGNOSTIC FACTORS FOR HLH ASSOCIATED WITH B-CELL LYMPHOMA. MOLECULAR GENETIC HIGH-RISK FACTORS ARE OF PARTICULAR IMPORTANCE BECAUSE THESE FACTORS CAN PROVIDE INFORMATION FOR PROGNOSIS PREDICTION, TREATMENT DECISIONS, AND DISEASE SURVEILLANCE.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
3  1036  30 CLASS I HISTONE DEACETYLASES REGULATE P53/NF-KAPPAB CROSSTALK IN CANCER CELLS. THE TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS NF-KAPPAB AND P53 AS WELL AS THEIR CROSSTALK DETERMINE THE FATE OF TUMOR CELLS UPON THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS. REPLICATIVE STRESS AND CYTOKINES PROMOTE SIGNALING CASCADES THAT LEAD TO THE CO-REGULATION OF P53 AND NF-KAPPAB. CONSEQUENTLY, NUCLEAR P53/NF-KAPPAB SIGNALING COMPLEXES ACTIVATE NF-KAPPAB-DEPENDENT SURVIVAL GENES. THE 18 HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDACS) ARE EPIGENETIC MODULATORS THAT FALL INTO FOUR CLASSES (I-IV). INHIBITORS OF HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDACI) BECOME INCREASINGLY APPRECIATED AS ANTI-CANCER AGENTS. BASED ON THEIR EFFECTS ON P53 AND NF-KAPPAB, WE ADDRESSED WHETHER CLINICALLY RELEVANT HDACI AFFECT THE NF-KAPPAB/P53 CROSSTALK. THE CHEMOTHERAPEUTICS HYDROXYUREA, ETOPOSIDE, AND FLUDARABINE HALT CELL CYCLE PROGRESSION, INDUCE DNA DAMAGE, AND LEAD TO DNA FRAGMENTATION. THESE AGENTS CO-INDUCE P53 AND NF-KAPPAB-DEPENDENT GENE EXPRESSION IN CELL LINES FROM BREAST AND COLON CANCER AND IN PRIMARY CHRONIC LYMPHATIC LEUKEMIA (CLL) CELLS. USING SPECIFIC HDACI, WE FIND THAT THE CLASS I SUBGROUP OF HDACS, BUT NOT THE CLASS IIB DEACETYLASE HDAC6, ARE REQUIRED FOR THE HYDROXYUREA-INDUCED CROSSTALK BETWEEN P53 AND NF-KAPPAB. HDACI DECREASE THE BASAL AND STRESS-INDUCED EXPRESSION OF P53 AND BLOCK NF-KAPPAB-REGULATED GENE EXPRESSION. WE FURTHER SHOW THAT CLASS I HDACI INDUCE SENESCENCE IN PANCREATIC CANCER CELLS WITH MUTANT P53.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
4  1273  32 CYTOTOXIC PERIPHERAL T-CELL LYMPHOMAS AND EBV-POSITIVE T/NK-CELL LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASES: EMERGING CONCEPTS, RECENT ADVANCES, AND THE PUTATIVE ROLE OF CLONAL HEMATOPOIESIS. A REPORT OF THE 2022 EA4HP/SH LYMPHOMA WORKSHOP. CYTOTOXIC PERIPHERAL T-CELL LYMPHOMAS AND EBV-POSITIVE T/NK-CELL LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASES WERE DISCUSSED AT THE 2022 EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION FOR HAEMATOPATHOLOGY/SOCIETY FOR HEMATOPATHOLOGY LYMPHOMA WORKSHOP HELD IN FLORENCE, ITALY. THIS SESSION FOCUSED ON (I) PRIMARY NODAL EBV-POSITIVE T AND NK-CELL LYMPHOMAS (PRIMARY NODAL-EBV-TNKL), (II) EXTRANODAL EBV-POSITIVE T/NK LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASES (LPD) IN CHILDREN AND ADULTS, (III) CYTOTOXIC PERIPHERAL T-CELL LYMPHOMAS, NOS (CPTCL-NOS), EBV-NEGATIVE, AND (IV) MISCELLANEOUS CASES. PRIMARY NODAL-EBV-TNKL IS A NEWLY RECOGNIZED ENTITY WHICH IS RARE, AGGRESSIVE, AND ASSOCIATED WITH UNDERLYING IMMUNE DEFICIENCY/IMMUNE DYSREGULATION. ALL CASES PRESENTED WITH LYMPHADENOPATHY BUT SOME DEMONSTRATED INVOLVEMENT OF TONSIL/WALDEYER'S RING AND EXTRANODAL SITES. THE MAJORITY OF TUMORS ARE OF T-CELL LINEAGE, AND THE MOST FREQUENT MUTATIONS INVOLVE THE EPIGENETIC MODIFIER GENES, SUCH AS TET2 AND DNMT3A, AND JAK-STAT GENES. A SPECTRUM OF EBV-POSITIVE T/NK LPD INVOLVING EXTRANODAL SITES WERE DISCUSSED AND HIGHLIGHT THE DIAGNOSTIC CHALLENGE WITH PRIMARY NODAL-EBV-TNKL WHEN THESE EXTRANODAL EBV-POSITIVE T/NK LPD CASES DEMONSTRATE PREDOMINANT NODAL DISEASE EITHER AT PRESENTATION OR DURING DISEASE PROGRESSION FROM CHRONIC ACTIVE EBV DISEASE. THE MAJORITY OF CPTCL-NOS DEMONSTRATED THE TBX21 PHENOTYPE. SOME CASES HAD A BACKGROUND OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSION OR IMMUNE DYSREGULATION. INTERESTINGLY, AN UNEXPECTED ASSOCIATION OF CPTCL-NOS, EBV-POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE, WITH TFH LYMPHOMAS/LPDS WAS OBSERVED IN THE WORKSHOP CASES. SIMILAR TO A PUBLISHED LITERATURE, THE GENETIC LANDSCAPE OF CPTCL-NOS FROM THE WORKSHOP SHOWED FREQUENT MUTATIONS IN EPIGENETIC MODIFIERS, INCLUDING TET2 AND DNMT3A, SUGGESTING A ROLE OF CLONAL HEMATOPOIESIS IN THE DISEASE PATHOGENESIS.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
5  1040  28 CLINICAL AND GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS-ASSOCIATED T/NK-CELL LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASES. BACKGROUND: EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS (EBV)-ASSOCIATED T-/NATURAL KILLER (T/NK)-CELL LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASES CLINICALLY TAKE ON VARIOUS FORMS, RANGING FROM AN INDOLENT COURSE TO AN AGGRESSIVE CONDITION. OBJECTIVE: CLINICALLY, FAILURE TO ESTABLISH PRECISE DIAGNOSIS AND PROVIDE PROPER TREATMENT MAKES IT DIFFICULT TO HELP PATIENTS. WE SOUGHT TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THE UNDERLYING PATHOGENESIS AND TO IDENTIFY GENETIC PROGNOSTIC FACTORS TO ACHIEVE BETTER TREATMENT EFFICACY. METHODS: IN THIS STUDY, 119 CASES OF EBV-ASSOCIATED LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASES, INCLUDING EBV-ASSOCIATED HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS (N = 46) AND CHRONIC ACTIVE EBV DISEASE OF T/NK CELL TYPE (N = 73), WERE RETROSPECTIVELY EXAMINED. RESULTS: ADULTS AGED >20 YEARS AT ONSET ACCOUNTED FOR 71.4% OF OUR COHORT. ABOUT 54.6% PATIENTS WITH UNFAVORABLE OVERALL SURVIVAL DEVELOPED HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS AND HAD HIGHER PLASMA EBV LOAD. ALLOGENIC HEMATOPOIETIC STEM-CELL TRANSPLANTATION WAS THE SOLE INDEPENDENT FAVORABLE FACTOR. WE SYSTEMATICALLY SCREENED GERMLINE AND SOMATIC ABERRATIONS BY WHOLE-EXOME AND TARGETED SEQUENCING. AMONG 372 ANTIVIRAL IMMUNITY GENES, GERMLINE VARIANTS OF 8 GENES WERE SIGNIFICANTLY ENRICHED. FROM A PANEL OF 24 DRIVER GENES, SOMATIC MUTATIONS WERE FREQUENTLY IDENTIFIED IN DOMINANT EBV-INFECTED T/NK CELLS. PATIENTS CARRYING ANY GERMLINE/SOMATIC ABERRATIONS IN EPIGENETIC MODIFIERS AND RIG-I-LIKE RECEPTOR (RLR) PATHWAY HAD WORSE OVERALL SURVIVAL THAN THOSE WITHOUT 2 TYPE ABERRATIONS. IMPORTANTLY, PATIENTS WITH IFIH1 AND/OR DDX3X ABERRATIONS IN THE RLR PATHWAY HAD HIGHER PLASMA AND NK-CELL EBV LOAD. KNOCKDOWN OF DDX3X IN NKYS CELLS DOWNREGULATED RLR SIGNALING ACTIVITIES AND ELEVATED THE EXPRESSION OF EBV-ENCODED ONCOGENES SUCH AS LMP1 AND EBNA1. CONCLUSION: GENETIC DEFECTS WERE PREVALENT IN ADULT EBV-ASSOCIATED HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS PATIENTS AND PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC ACTIVE EBV DISEASE OF T/NK CELL TYPE; THESE DEFECTS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH UNFAVORABLE PROGNOSIS. THESE FINDINGS CAN HELP CLINICIANS WORK OUT MORE PRECISE STAGING OF THE CONDITION AND PROVIDE NEW INSIGHTS INTO THESE EBV-ASSOCIATED DISEASES.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
6  2678  23 EVALUATION OF A PROGNOSTIC EPIGENETIC CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA PATIENTS. BACKGROUND: METHYLATION AT 5 CPG SITES WAS PREVIOUSLY SHOWN TO CLASSIFY CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL) INTO 3 PROGNOSTIC SUBGROUPS. HERE, WE AIMED TO VALIDATE THE MARKER SET IN AN ADDITIONAL COHORT AND TO EVALUATE ITS CLINICAL UTILITY FOR CLL PATIENT STRATIFICATION. METHODS: WE EVALUATED THIS EPIGENETIC MARKER SET IN 79 GERMAN PATIENTS USING BISULFITE TREATMENT FOLLOWED BY PYROSEQUENCING AND CLASSIFICATION USING A SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE-LEARNING TOOL. RESULTS: THE N-CLL, I-CLL, AND M-CLL CLASSIFICATION WAS DETECTED IN 28 (35%), 10 (13%), AND 41 (51%) PATIENTS, RESPECTIVELY. EPIGENETIC GROUPING WAS ASSOCIATED WITH IGHV MUTATIONAL STATUS (P = 2 X 10(-12)), ISOLATED DEL13Q (P = 9 X 10(-6)), DEL17P (P = .015), COMPLEX KARYOTYPE (P = .005), VH-USAGE, AND CLINICAL OUTCOME AS TIME TO FIRST TREATMENT (P = 1.4 X 10(-12)) AND OVERALL SURVIVAL (P = .003). MULTIVARIATE COX REGRESSION ANALYSIS IDENTIFIED N-CLL AS A FACTOR FOR EARLIER TREATMENT HAZARD RATIO (HR), 6.3 (95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL [CI] 2.4-16.4; P = .0002) COMPARED TO IGHV MUTATIONAL STATUS (HR 4.6, 95% CI 1.9-11.3, P = .0008). IN ADDITION, WHEN COMPARING THE PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF THE EPIGENETIC CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM WITH THE IGHV CLASSIFICATION, EPIGENETIC GROUPING PERFORMED BETTER COMPARED TO IGHV MUTATIONAL STATUS USING KAPLAN-MEIER ESTIMATION AND ALLOWED THE IDENTIFICATION OF A THIRD, INTERMEDIATE (I-CLL) GROUP. THUS, OUR STUDY CONFIRMED THE PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF THE EPIGENETIC MARKER SET FOR PATIENT STRATIFICATION IN ROUTINE CLINICAL DIAGNOSTICS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
7  4601  35 NDRG2 MRNA LEVELS AND MIR-28-5P AND MIR-650 ACTIVITY IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. BACKGROUND: NDRG2 IS IDENTIFIED AS A TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE IN MANY TUMORS, AND FUNCTIONS IN CELL PROLIFERATION, DIFFERENTIATION AND APOPTOSIS. RECENT DATA INDICATE THAT NDRG2 EXPRESSION IS UP-REGULATED BY TP53. MOREOVER, PROPOSED MECHANISMS OF NDRG2 INACTIVATION INCLUDE EPIGENETIC SILENCING OF THE NDRG2 PROMOTER AND DOWN-REGULATION BY MICRORNAS (MIRNAS). HOWEVER, FEW STUDIES HAVE EVER BEEN DONE ON THE ROLE OF NDRG2 AND THE NDRG2-REGULATING MIRNAS INTERFERENCE IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL). METHODS: NDRG2 AND MICRORNAS MRNA LEVELS IN CLL SUBJECTS WERE ASSESSED BY QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (QRT-PCR). THE DUAL-LUCIFERASE REPORTER ASSAY WAS PERFORMED TO DETERMINE NDRG2-RELATED MIRNAS. LOW EXPRESSION OF MATURE EXOGENOUS MIRNAS IN CLL CELLS WAS ESTABLISHED BY TRANSIENT TRANSFECTION. NDRG2 PROTEIN LEVELS IN CLL CELLS WERE DETECTED BY WESTERN BLOT. IN ADDITION, FLOW CYTOMETRY WAS CONDUCTED TO EXAMINE THE APOPTOSIS OF CLL CELLS. RESULTS: LOWER EXPRESSION OF NDRG2 WAS FOUND IN THE B-CELLS FROM 102 CLL PATIENTS COMPARED THE 40 NORMAL SUBJECTS (P < 0.001). PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED BINET STAGE (P = 0.001), HIGH LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE (LDH) LEVEL (P = 0.036), UN-MUTATED IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAIN VARIABLE REGION GENE (IGHV) (P = 0.004) AND THOSE WITH P53 ABERRATIONS (P < 0.001) HAD A MARKEDLY LOWER LEVELS OF NDRG2 MRNA. THIS DECREASE WAS ASSOCIATED WITH BRIEFER TIME-TO-TREATMENT (P = 0.001) AND POORER SURVIVAL (P < 0.001). HIGH EXPRESSION OF MIR-28-5P AND MIR-650 WAS ASSOCIATED WITH BINET B/C STAGE (P = 0.044) AND IGHV UN-MUTATED (P = 0.011), AS WELL AS BINET B/C STAGE (P = 0.013) AND P53 ABERRATIONS (P = 0.037), RESPECTIVELY. INHIBITION OF MIR-28-5P OR MIR-650 COULD INDUCE MORE APOPTOSIS IN CLL CELLS WITH GERMLINE TP53. CONCLUSIONS: NDRG2 MRNA LEVELS MIGHT BE A USEFUL PROGNOSTIC VARIABLE FOR PATIENTS OF CLL AND UP-REGULATING NDRG2 TRANSCRIPTION MAY BE A THERAPY APPROACH IN CLL WITHOUT P53 ABERRATIONS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
8  5849  34 SUBEROYLANILIDE HYDROXAMIC ACID (SAHA) AND CLADRIBINE SYNERGISTICALLY INDUCE APOPTOSIS IN NK-LGL LEUKAEMIA. NATURAL KILLER (NK) LARGE GRANULAR LYMPHOCYTE (LGL) LEUKAEMIA FEATURES A CLONAL PROLIFERATION OF CD3(-) NK CELLS THAT CAN BE CLASSIFIED INTO EITHER AGGRESSIVE OR CHRONIC CATEGORIES. THE NKL CELL LINE, DERIVED FROM AN AGGRESSIVE ASIAN NK CELL LEUKAEMIA, AND PATIENT SAMPLES FROM CHRONIC NK-LGL LEUKAEMIA WERE USED IN OUR STUDY TO PROBE FOR SYNERGISTIC EFFICACY OF THE EPIGENETIC DRUGS VORINOSTAT (SAHA) AND CLADRIBINE IN THIS DISEASE. WE DEMONSTRATE THAT HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDACS) ARE OVER-EXPRESSED IN BOTH AGGRESSIVE AND CHRONIC NK LEUKAEMIA. ADMINISTRATION OF THE HDAC INHIBITOR SAHA REDUCES CLASS I AND II HDAC EXPRESSION AND ENHANCES HISTONE ACETYLATION IN LEUKAEMIC NK CELLS. IN VITRO COMBINATION TREATMENT WITH SAHA AND CLADRIBINE DOSE-DEPENDENTLY EXERTS SYNERGISTIC CYTOTOXIC AND APOPTOTIC EFFECTS ON LEUKAEMIC NK CELLS. EXPRESSION PROFILING OF APOPTOTIC REGULATORY GENES SUGGESTS THAT BOTH COMPOUNDS LED TO CASPASE-DEPENDENT APOPTOSIS THROUGH ACTIVATION OF INTRINSIC MITOCHONDRIAL AND EXTRINSIC DEATH RECEPTOR PATHWAYS. COLLECTIVELY, THESE DATA SHOW THAT COMBINED EPIGENETIC THERAPY, USING HDAC AND DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITORS, MAY BE A PROMISING THERAPEUTIC APPROACH FOR NK-LGL LEUKAEMIA.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
9  1775  27 EBV IN T-/NK-CELL TUMORIGENESIS. EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS (EBV), WHICH IS ASSOCIATED WITH B-CELL PROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS, ALSO TRANSFORMS T- OR NATURAL KILLER (NK)-LINEAGE CELLS AND HAS BEEN CONNECTED WITH VARIOUS T- OR NK (T/NK)-CELL MALIGNANCIES, SUCH AS EXTRANODAL NK/T-CELL LYMPHOMA-NASAL TYPE AND AGGRESSIVE NK-CELL LEUKEMIA. CHRONIC ACTIVE EBV (CAEBV) DISEASE , WHICH OCCURS MOST OFTEN IN CHILDREN AND YOUNG ADULTS IN EAST ASIA, IS AN EBV-ASSOCIATED T-/NK-CELL LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASE. PATIENTS WITH CAEBV OFTEN PROGRESS TO OVERT LYMPHOMA OR LEUKEMIA OVER A LONG-TERM CLINICAL COURSE. EBV'S TRANSFORMING CAPACITY IN B CELLS IS WELL CHARACTERIZED, BUT THE MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS OF CLONAL EXPANSION CAUSED BY EBV IN T/NK CELLS HAS NOT YET BEEN CLARIFIED. IN THE PRIMARY INFECTION, EBV INFECTS B CELLS AND EPITHELIAL CELLS AND MAY ALSO INFECT SOME T/NK CELLS. IN SOME INDIVIDUALS, BECAUSE OF POOR PRESENTATION BY SPECIFIC HUMAN LEUKOCYTE ANTIGENS OR THE GENETIC BACKGROUND, EBV-INFECTED T/NK CELLS EVADE HOST IMMUNITY AND SURVIVE. OCCASIONALLY, WITH THE HELP OF VIRAL ONCOGENES, EBV-ASSOCIATED T/NK LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASES, SUCH AS CAEBV, MAY DEVELOP. THE SUBSEQUENT ACCUMULATION OF GENETIC MUTATIONS AND/OR EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN DRIVER GENES, SUCH AS DDX3X AND TP53, MAY LEAD TO OVERT LYMPHOMA AND LEUKEMIA. ACTIVATION-INDUCED CYTIDINE DEAMINASE AND THE APOBEC3 FAMILY, DRIVEN BY EBV INFECTION, MAY INDUCE CHROMOSOMAL RECOMBINATION AND SOMATIC MUTATIONS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
10  1735  31 EARLY AND SUSTAINED EXPANSION OF ADAPTIVE NATURAL KILLER CELLS FOLLOWING HAPLOIDENTICAL TRANSPLANTATION AND CTLA4IG-PRIMED DONOR LYMPHOCYTE INFUSIONS DISSOCIATE GRAFT-VERSUS-LEUKEMIA AND GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST EFFECTS. BACKGROUND: ADAPTIVE OR MEMORY NATURAL KILLER (NK) CELLS WITH EPIGENETIC IMPRINTS SIMILAR TO MEMORY T CELLS HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO DEVELOP IN RESPONSE TO CYTOMEGALOVIRUS (CMV) INFECTION WITH UPREGULATION OF ACTIVATING RECEPTOR NKG2C. THESE CELLS HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO POSSESS STRONG ANTI-TUMOUR EFFICACY BOTH IN-VITRO AS WELL AS IN-VIVO. OBJECTIVES: TO DETERMINE IF RECONSTITUTION OF ADAPTIVE NK CELLS (CD56(DIM)NKG2C(+)NKG2A(-)) IN PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED LEUKEMIA UNDERGOING HAPLOIDENTICAL HCT HAD ANY IMPACT ON DISEASE PROGRESSION (DP). STUDY DESIGN: THE STUDY COHORT COMPRISED OF 60 PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED ACUTE LEUKEMIA, AGED 2-65 YEARS, RECEIVING MYELOABLATIVE PTCY BASED HAPLOIDENTICAL TRANSPLANTATION FROM CMV SEROPOSITIVE DONORS, FOLLOWED BY CTLA4IG-PRIMED DONOR LYMPHOCYTE INFUSIONS (DLI). THEY WERE EVALUATED FOR THE KINETICS OF RECONSTITUTION OF ADAPTIVE NK CELLS, BOTH PHENOTYPIC AND FUNCTIONAL, AT DAYS +30,+60, +90 AND AT REGULAR INTERVALS, TO 3 YEARS OF FOLLOW-UP, IN RELATION TO DP. RECONSTITUTION OF ADAPTIVE NK CELLS WAS COMPARED WITH A RETROSPECTIVE COHORT OF PATIENTS IN THE SAME PROTOCOL RECEIVING DLI WITHOUT CTLA4IG. RESULTS: NON-RELAPSE MORTALITY, ACUTE AND CHRONIC GVHD WERE 5.1%, 10.3% AND 14.5%. DP WAS 17.5% AT A MEDIAN FOLLOW-UP OF 28 MONTHS. ADAPTIVE NK CELLS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER IN PATIENTS WITHOUT DP AT DAYS+30, +60 AND +90 (P = 0.0001), IRRESPECTIVE OF CMV REACTIVATION AND REMAINED ELEVATED UNTIL 36 MONTHS POST-HCT. THESE CELLS MAINTAINED THEIR FUNCTIONAL COMPETENCE AS MEASURED BY ROBUST INTERFERON-GAMMA PRODUCTION WITH HIGHER EXPRESSIONS OF KIR, NKG2D AND CD57, WITHOUT ANY INCREASE IN PD1 EXPRESSION. GRAFTS FROM DONORS WITH HIGHER ADAPTIVE NK CELLS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH A LOWER RISK OF DP (P = 0.0001). IN MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS, ADAPTIVE NK CELL RECOVERY AT DAY +90 HAD THE MOST FAVORABLE IMPACT ON DP (HR-0.7). TREGS RECONSTITUTED BRISKLY ALONG WITH THE ADAPTIVE NK CELLS AND WERE SUSTAINED AS WELL, WITHOUT COMPROMISING THE GVL EFFECT. COMPARISON WITH A RETROSPECTIVE COHORT RECEIVING THE SAME PROTOCOL WITH DLI WITHOUT CTLA4IG, SHOWED A SUPERIOR RECONSTITUTION OF ADAPTIVE NK CELLS IN THOSE RECEIVING CTLA4IG-DLI (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: OUR STUDY SUGGESTS THAT MYELOABLATIVE TRANSPLANTATION FROM CMV SEROPOSITIVE HAPLOIDENTICAL DONORS AUGMENTED WITH CTLA4IG-PRIMED DLI MIGHT FAVOR EARLY AND SUSTAINED EXPANSION OF FUNCTIONALLY COMPETENT ADAPTIVE NK CELLS IRRESPECTIVE OF CMV REACTIVATION, WITH A FAVORABLE OUTCOME.	2021	

11  5246  22 PROGNOSTIC SCORE INCLUDING GENE MUTATIONS IN CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. PURPOSE: SEVERAL PROGNOSTIC SCORING SYSTEMS HAVE BEEN PROPOSED FOR CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CMML), A DISEASE IN WHICH SOME GENE MUTATIONS-INCLUDING ASXL1-HAVE BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH POOR PROGNOSIS IN UNIVARIABLE ANALYSES. WE DEVELOPED AND VALIDATED A PROGNOSTIC SCORE FOR OVERALL SURVIVAL (OS) BASED ON MUTATIONAL STATUS AND STANDARD CLINICAL VARIABLES. PATIENTS AND METHODS: WE GENOTYPED ASXL1 AND UP TO 18 OTHER GENES INCLUDING EPIGENETIC (TET2, EZH2, IDH1, IDH2, DNMT3A), SPLICING (SF3B1, SRSF2, ZRSF2, U2AF1), TRANSCRIPTION (RUNX1, NPM1, TP53), AND SIGNALING (NRAS, KRAS, CBL, JAK2, FLT3) REGULATORS IN 312 PATIENTS WITH CMML. GENOTYPES AND CLINICAL VARIABLES WERE INCLUDED IN A MULTIVARIABLE COX MODEL OF OS VALIDATED BY BOOTSTRAPPING. A SCORING SYSTEM WAS DEVELOPED USING REGRESSION COEFFICIENTS FROM THIS MODEL. RESULTS: ASXL1 MUTATIONS (P < .0001) AND, TO A LESSER EXTENT, SRSF2 (P = .03), CBL (P = .003), AND IDH2 (P = .03) MUTATIONS PREDICTED INFERIOR OS IN UNIVARIABLE ANALYSIS. THE RETAINED INDEPENDENT PROGNOSTIC FACTORS INCLUDED ASXL1 MUTATIONS, AGE OLDER THAN 65 YEARS, WBC COUNT GREATER THAN 15 X10(9)/L, PLATELET COUNT LESS THAN 100 X10(9)/L, AND ANEMIA (HEMOGLOBIN < 10 G/DL IN FEMALE PATIENTS, < 11G/DL IN MALE PATIENTS). THE RESULTING FIVE-PARAMETER PROGNOSTIC SCORE DELINEATED THREE GROUPS OF PATIENTS WITH MEDIAN OS NOT REACHED, 38.5 MONTHS, AND 14.4 MONTHS, RESPECTIVELY (P < .0001), AND WAS VALIDATED IN AN INDEPENDENT COHORT OF 165 PATIENTS (P < .0001). CONCLUSION: A NEW PROGNOSTIC SCORE INCLUDING ASXL1 STATUS, AGE, HEMOGLOBIN, WBC, AND PLATELET COUNTS DEFINES THREE GROUPS OF CMML PATIENTS WITH DISTINCT OUTCOMES. BASED ON CONCORDANCE ANALYSIS, THIS SCORE APPEARS MORE DISCRIMINATIVE THAN THOSE BASED SOLELY ON CLINICAL PARAMETERS.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
12  6688  32 VALPROATE SYNERGIZES WITH PURINE NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGUES TO INDUCE APOPTOSIS OF B-CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKAEMIA CELLS. RESISTANCE TO CHEMOTHERAPY AND DRUG TOXICITY ARE TWO MAJOR CONCERNS OF CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKAEMIA (B-CLL) TREATMENT BY PURINE NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGUES (PNA, I.E. FLUDARABINE AND CLADRIBINE). WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT TARGETING EPIGENETIC CHANGES MIGHT ADDRESS THESE ISSUES AND EVALUATED THE EFFECT OF THE HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR VALPROATE (VPA) AT A CLINICALLY RELEVANT CONCENTRATION. VPA ACTED IN A HIGHLY SYNERGISTIC/ADDITIVE MANNER WITH FLUDARABINE AND CLADRIBINE TO INDUCE APOPTOSIS OF B-CLL CELLS. IMPORTANTLY, VPA ALSO RESTORED SENSITIVITY TO FLUDARABINE IN B CELLS FROM POOR PROGNOSIS CLL PATIENTS WHO BECAME RESISTANT TO CHEMOTHERAPY. MECHANISM OF APOPTOSIS INDUCED BY VPA ALONE OR COMBINED WITH FLUDARABINE OR TO CLADRIBINE WAS CASPASE-DEPENDENT AND INVOLVED THE EXTRINSIC PATHWAY. VPA, BUT NEITHER FLUDARABINE NOR CLADRIBINE, ENHANCED THE PRODUCTION OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES (ROS) AND INHIBITION OF ROS WITH N-ACETYLCYSTEINE DECREASES APOPTOSIS OF CLL CELLS. VPA STIMULATES HYPERPHOSPHORYLATION OF P42/P44 ERK, CYTOCHROME C RELEASE AND OVEREXPRESSION OF BAX AND FAS. TOGETHER, OUR DATA INDICATE THAT VPA MAY AMELIORATE THE OUTCOME OF PNA-BASED THERAPEUTIC PROTOCOLS AND PROVIDE A POTENTIAL ALTERNATIVE TREATMENT IN BOTH THE RELAPSED AND FRONT-LINE RESISTANT PATIENTS AND IN PATIENTS WITH HIGH RISK FEATURES.	2009	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
13  4729  39 NOTCH1 MUTATIONS ASSOCIATE WITH LOW CD20 LEVEL IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA: EVIDENCE FOR A NOTCH1 MUTATION-DRIVEN EPIGENETIC DYSREGULATION. IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL), NOTCH1 MUTATIONS HAVE BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH CLINICAL RESISTANCE TO THE ANTI-CD20 RITUXIMAB, ALTHOUGH THE MECHANISMS BEHIND THIS PECULIAR BEHAVIOR REMAIN TO BE CLARIFIED. IN A WIDE CLL SERIES (N=692), WE DEMONSTRATED THAT CLL CELLS FROM NOTCH1-MUTATED CASES (87/692) WERE CHARACTERIZED BY LOWER CD20 EXPRESSION AND LOWER RELATIVE LYSIS INDUCED BY ANTI-CD20 EXPOSURE IN VITRO. CONSISTENTLY, CD20 EXPRESSION BY CLL CELLS WAS UPREGULATED IN VITRO BY GAMMA-SECRETASE INHIBITORS OR NOTCH1-SPECIFIC SMALL INTERFERING RNA AND THE STABLE TRANSFECTION OF A MUTATED (C.7541-7542DELCT) NOTCH1 INTRACELLULAR DOMAIN (NICD-MUT) INTO CLL-LIKE CELLS RESULTED IN A STRONG DOWNREGULATION OF BOTH CD20 PROTEIN AND TRANSCRIPT. BY USING THESE NICD-MUT TRANSFECTANTS, WE INVESTIGATED PROTEIN INTERACTIONS OF RBPJ, A TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR ACTING EITHER AS ACTIVATOR OR REPRESSOR OF NOTCH1 PATHWAY WHEN RESPECTIVELY BOUND TO NICD OR HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDACS). COMPARED WITH CONTROLS, NICD-MUT TRANSFECTANTS HAD RBPJ PREFERENTIALLY COMPLEXED TO NICD AND SHOWED HIGHER LEVELS OF HDACS INTERACTING WITH THE PROMOTER OF THE CD20 GENE. FINALLY, TREATMENT WITH THE HDAC INHIBITOR VALPROIC ACID UPREGULATED CD20 IN BOTH NICD-MUT TRANSFECTANTS AND PRIMARY CLL CELLS. IN CONCLUSION, NOTCH1 MUTATIONS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH LOW CD20 LEVELS IN CLL AND ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR A DYSREGULATION OF HDAC-MEDIATED EPIGENETIC REPRESSION OF CD20 EXPRESSION.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
14  5319  39 PTEN IS FUNDAMENTAL FOR ELIMINATION OF LEUKEMIA STEM CELLS MEDIATED BY GSK126 TARGETING EZH2 IN CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA. PURPOSE: LEUKEMIA STEM CELLS (LSCS) ARE AN IMPORTANT SOURCE OF TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITOR RESISTANCE AND DISEASE RELAPSE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA (CML). TARGETING LSCS MAY BE AN ATTRACTIVE STRATEGY TO OVERRIDE THIS THORNY PROBLEM. GIVEN THAT EZH2 WAS OVEREXPRESSED IN PRIMARY CML CD34(+) CELLS, OUR PURPOSE IN THIS STUDY WAS TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTS OF TARGETING EZH2 ON CML LSCS AND CLARIFY ITS UNDERLYING MECHANISM.EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: HUMAN PRIMARY CML CD34(+) CELLS AND RETROVIRALLY BCR-ABL-DRIVEN CML MOUSE MODELS WERE EMPLOYED TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTS OF SUPPRESSION OF EZH2 BY GSK126- OR EZH2-SPECIFIC SHRNA IN VITRO AND IN VIVO RECRUITMENT OF EZH2 AND H3K27ME3 ON THE PROMOTER OF TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENE PTEN IN CML CELLS WAS MEASURED BY CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ASSAY.RESULTS: OUR RESULTS SHOWED THAT PHARMACOLOGIC INHIBITION OF EZH2 BY GSK126 NOT ONLY ELICITED APOPTOSIS AND RESTRICTED CELL GROWTH IN CML BULK LEUKEMIA CELLS, BUT ALSO DECREASED LSCS IN CML CD34(+) CELLS WHILE SPARING THOSE FROM NORMAL BONE MARROW CD34(+) CELLS. SUPPRESSION OF EZH2 BY GSK126 OR SPECIFIC SHRNA PROLONGED SURVIVAL OF CML MICE AND REDUCED THE NUMBER OF LSCS IN MICE. EZH2 KNOCKDOWN RESULTED IN ELEVATION OF PTEN AND LED TO IMPAIRED RECRUITMENT OF EZH2 AND H3K27ME3 ON THE PROMOTER OF PTEN GENE. THE EFFECT OF EZH2 KNOCKDOWN IN THE CML MICE WAS AT LEAST PARTIALLY REVERSED BY PTEN KNOCKDOWN.CONCLUSIONS: THESE FINDINGS IMPROVE THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF STEMNESS IN CML LSCS AND WARRANT CLINICAL TRIAL OF GSK126 IN REFRACTORY PATIENTS WITH CML. CLIN CANCER RES; 24(1); 145-57. (C)2017 AACR.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
15  3336  30 HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS INDUCE PROTEOLYSIS OF ACTIVATED CDC42-ASSOCIATED KINASE-1 IN LEUKEMIC CELLS. PURPOSE: ACTIVATED CDC42-ASSOCIATED KINASE-1 (ACK1/TNK2) AND EPIGENETIC REGULATORS OF THE HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC) FAMILY REGULATE THE PROLIFERATION AND SURVIVAL OF LEUKEMIC CELLS. 18 HDACS FALL INTO FOUR CLASSES (I-IV). WE TESTED THE IMPACT OF CLINICALLY RELEVANT HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS (HDACI) ON ACK1 AND IF SUCH DRUGS COMBINE FAVORABLY WITH THE THERAPEUTICALLY USED ACK1 INHIBITOR DASATINIB. METHODS: WE APPLIED THE BROAD-RANGE HDACI PANOBINOSTAT/LBH589 AND THE CLASS I HDAC-SPECIFIC INHIBITOR ENTINOSTAT/MS-275 TO VARIOUS ACUTE AND CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA CELLS (AML/CML). WE ALSO USED THE REPLICATIVE STRESS INDUCER HYDROXYUREA (HU), A STANDARD DRUG FOR LEUKEMIC PATIENTS, AND THE APOPTOSIS INDUCER STAUROSPORINE (STS). TO ASSESS CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF HDACI, WE MEASURED CELL CYCLE PROFILES AND DNA FRAGMENTATION BY FLOW CYTOMETRY. WESTERN BLOT WAS EMPLOYED TO ANALYZE PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND PHOSPHORYLATION. RESULTS: LBH589 AND MS-275 INDUCE PROTEOLYSIS OF ACK1 IN CML AND AML CELLS. PANOBINOSTAT MORE STRONGLY INDUCES APOPTOSIS THAN ENTINOSTAT, AND THIS CORRELATES WITH A SIGNIFICANTLY PRONOUNCED LOSS OF ACK1. STS AND HU ALSO PROPEL THE DEGRADATION OF ACK1 IN LEUKEMIC CELLS. MOREOVER, THE CASPASE INHIBITOR Z-VAD-FMK REDUCES ACK1 DEGRADATION IN THE PRESENCE OF HDACI. CONCOMITANT WITH THE ATTENUATION OF ACK1, WE NOTICED DECREASED PHOSPHORYLATION OF STAT3. DIRECT INHIBITION OF ACK1 WITH DASATINIB ALSO SUPPRESSES STAT3 PHOSPHORYLATION. FURTHERMORE, DASATINIB AND HDACI COMBINATIONS ARE EFFECTIVE AGAINST CML CELLS. CONCLUSION: HDACS SUSTAIN THE ACK1-STAT3 SIGNALING NODE AND LEUKEMIC CELL GROWTH. CONSISTENT WITH THEIR DIFFERENT EFFECTS ON ACK1 STABILITY OR AUTO-PHOSPHORYLATION, DASATINIB AND HDACI COMBINATIONS PRODUCE BENEFICIAL ANTILEUKEMIC EFFECTS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
16  5243  21 PROGNOSTIC IMPACT OF EPIGENETIC CLASSIFICATION IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA: THE CASE OF SUBSET #2. BASED ON THE METHYLATION STATUS OF 5 SINGLE CPG SITES, A NOVEL EPIGENETIC CLASSIFICATION OF CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL) WAS RECENTLY PROPOSED, CLASSIFYING CLL PATIENTS INTO 3 CLINICO-BIOLOGICAL SUBGROUPS WITH DIFFERENT OUTCOME, TERMED MEMORY LIKE CLL (M-CLL), NAIVE LIKE CLL (N-CLL), AND A THIRD INTERMEDIATE CLL SUBGROUP (I-CLL). WHILE M-CLL AND N-CLL PATIENTS AT LARGE CORRESPONDED TO PATIENTS CARRYING MUTATED AND UNMUTATED IGHV GENES, RESPECTIVELY, LIMITED INFORMATION EXISTS REGARDING THE LESS DEFINED I-CLL GROUP. USING PYROSEQUENCING, WE INVESTIGATED THE PROGNOSTIC IMPACT OF THE PROPOSED 5 CPG SIGNATURE IN A WELL-CHARACTERIZED CLL COHORT (135 CASES), INCLUDING IGHV-MUTATED AND UNMUTATED PATIENTS AS WELL AS CLINICALLY AGGRESSIVE STEREOTYPED SUBSET #2 PATIENTS. OVERALL, WE CONFIRMED THE SIGNATURE'S ASSOCIATION WITH ESTABLISHED PROGNOSTIC MARKERS. MOREOVER, IN THE PRESENCE OF THE IGHV MUTATIONAL STATUS, THE EPIGENETIC SIGNATURE REMAINED INDEPENDENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH BOTH TIME-TO-FIRST-TREATMENT AND OVERALL SURVIVAL IN MULTIVARIATE ANALYSES. AS A PRIME FINDING, WE OBSERVED THAT SUBSET #2 PATIENTS WERE PREDOMINANTLY CLASSIFIED AS I-CLL, PROBABLY REFLECTING THEIR BORDERLINE IGHV MUTATIONAL STATUS (97-99% GERMLINE IDENTITY), THOUGH HAVING A SIMILARLY POOR PROGNOSIS AS N-CLL PATIENTS. IN SUMMARY, WE VALIDATED THE EPIGENETIC CLASSIFIER AS AN INDEPENDENT FACTOR IN CLL PROGNOSTICATION AND PROVIDE FURTHER EVIDENCE THAT SUBSET #2 IS A MEMBER OF THE I-CLL GROUP, HENCE SUPPORTING THE EXISTENCE OF A THIRD, INTERMEDIATE EPIGENETIC SUBGROUP.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
17  4231  34 METHYLATION OF PROTOCADHERIN 10, A NOVEL TUMOR SUPPRESSOR, IS ASSOCIATED WITH POOR PROGNOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH GASTRIC CANCER. BACKGROUND & AIMS: BY USING METHYLATION-SENSITIVE REPRESENTATIONAL DIFFERENCE ANALYSIS, WE IDENTIFIED PROTOCADHERIN 10 (PCDH10), A GENE THAT ENCODES A PROTOCADHERIN AND IS SILENCED IN A TUMOR-SPECIFIC MANNER. WE ANALYZED ITS EPIGENETIC INACTIVATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, AND PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE IN GASTRIC CANCER. METHODS: METHYLATION STATUS WAS EVALUATED BY COMBINED BISULFITE RESTRICTION ANALYSIS AND BISULFITE SEQUENCING. THE EFFECTS OF PCDH10 RE-EXPRESSION WERE DETERMINED IN GROWTH, APOPTOSIS, PROLIFERATION, AND INVASION ASSAYS. PCDH10 TARGET GENES WERE IDENTIFIED BY COMPLEMENTARY DNA MICROARRAY ANALYSIS. RESULTS: PCDH10 WAS SILENCED OR DOWN-REGULATED IN 94% (16 OF 17) OF GASTRIC CANCER CELL LINES; EXPRESSION LEVELS WERE RESTORED BY EXPOSURE TO DEMETHYLATING AGENTS. RE-EXPRESSION OF PCDH10 IN MKN45 GASTRIC CANCER CELLS REDUCED COLONY FORMATION IN VITRO AND TUMOR GROWTH IN MICE; IT ALSO INHIBITED CELL PROLIFERATION (P < .01), INDUCED CELL APOPTOSIS (P < .001), AND REPRESSED CELL INVASION (P < .05), UP-REGULATING THE PRO-APOPTOSIS GENES FAS, CASPASE 8, JUN, AND CDKN1A; THE ANTIPROLIFERATION GENE FGFR; AND THE ANTI-INVASION GENE HTATIP2. PCDH10 METHYLATION WAS DETECTED IN 82% (85 OF 104) OF GASTRIC TUMORS COMPARED WITH 37% (38 OF 104) OF PAIRED NONTUMOR TISSUES (P < .0001). IN THE LATTER, PCDH10 METHYLATION WAS HIGHER IN PRECANCEROUS LESIONS (27 OF 45; 60%) THAN IN CHRONIC GASTRITIS SAMPLES (11 OF 59; 19%) (P < .0001). AFTER A MEDIAN FOLLOW-UP PERIOD OF 16.8 MONTHS, MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT PATIENTS WITH PCDH10 METHYLATION IN ADJACENT NONTUMOR AREAS HAD A SIGNIFICANT DECREASE IN OVERALL SURVIVAL. KAPLAN-MEIER SURVIVAL CURVES SHOWED THAT PCDH10 METHYLATION WAS ASSOCIATED SIGNIFICANTLY WITH SHORTENED SURVIVAL IN STAGE I-III GASTRIC CANCER PATIENTS. CONCLUSIONS: PCDH10 IS A GASTRIC TUMOR SUPPRESSOR; ITS METHYLATION AT EARLY STAGES OF GASTRIC CARCINOGENESIS IS AN INDEPENDENT PROGNOSTIC FACTOR.	2009	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
18   439  37 ANTILEUKEMIC ACTIVITY OF VALPROIC ACID IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA B CELLS DEFINED BY MICROARRAY ANALYSIS. EPIGENETIC CODE MODIFICATIONS BY HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS HAVE RECENTLY BEEN PROPOSED AS POTENTIAL NEW THERAPIES FOR HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES. CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL) REMAINS INCURABLE DESPITE THE INTRODUCTION OF NEW TREATMENTS. CLL B CELLS ARE CHARACTERIZED BY AN APOPTOSIS DEFECT RATHER THAN EXCESSIVE PROLIFERATION, BUT PROLIFERATION CENTERS HAVE BEEN FOUND IN ORGANS SUCH AS THE BONE MARROW AND LYMPH NODES. IN THIS STUDY, WE ANALYZED GENE EXPRESSION MODIFICATIONS IN CLL B CELLS AFTER TREATMENT WITH VALPROIC ACID (VPA), A WELL-TOLERATED ANTI-EPILEPTIC DRUG WITH HDAC INHIBITORY ACTIVITY. CLL B CELLS OBTAINED FROM 14 PATIENTS WERE TREATED IN VITRO WITH A CONCENTRATION OF 1 MM VPA FOR 4 H. VPA EFFECTS ON GENE EXPRESSION WERE THEREAFTER STUDIED USING AFFYMETRIX TECHNOLOGY, AND SOME IDENTIFIED GENES WERE VALIDATED BY REAL-TIME PCR AND WESTERN BLOT. WE OBSERVED THAT VPA INDUCED APOPTOSIS BY DOWNREGULATING SEVERAL ANTI-APOPTOTIC GENES AND BY UPREGULATING PRO-APOPTOTIC GENES. FURTHERMORE, VPA SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED CHEMOSENSITIVITY TO FLUDARABINE, FLAVOPIRIDOL, BORTEZOMIB, THALIDOMIDE AND LENALIDOMIDE. VPA INHIBITED THE PROLIFERATION OF CPG/IL2-STIMULATED CLL B CELLS AND MODULATED MANY CELL CYCLE MESSENGER RNAS. IN CONCLUSION, EXPOSURE OF CLL B CELLS TO VPA INDUCED APOPTOSIS, POTENTIATED CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENT EFFECTS AND INHIBITED PROLIFERATION. THESE DATA STRONGLY SUGGEST THE USE OF VPA IN CLL TREATMENT, PARTICULARLY IN COMBINATION WITH ANTILEUKEMIA AGENTS.	2009	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
19  3460  26 HYPOMETHYLATION OF THE IL8 PROMOTER IN NASAL EPITHELIAL CELLS OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS WITH NASAL POLYPS. BACKGROUND: IL-8 IS AN IMPORTANT CHEMOKINE IMPLICATED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS (CRS), BUT LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF IL8 IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CRS. OBJECTIVE: WE SOUGHT TO INVESTIGATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DNA METHYLATION LEVEL IN THE IL8 PROXIMAL PROMOTER AND CRS IN HAN CHINESE SUBJECTS. METHODS: PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS WITH NASAL POLYPS (CRSWNP; N = 187), PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS WITHOUT NASAL POLYPS (CRSSNP; N = 89), AND CONTROL SUBJECTS (N = 57) WERE ENROLLED IN 2 INDEPENDENT COHORTS. PURIFIED HUMAN NASAL EPITHELIAL CELLS FROM EACH PARTICIPANT WERE ASSESSED FOR PERCENTAGE DNA METHYLATION OF CPG SITES IN THE IL8 PROXIMAL PROMOTER BY USING BISULFITE PYROSEQUENCING AND FOR FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF METHYLATION STATUS BY USING IN VITRO ASSAYS. RESULTS: DNA METHYLATION OF CPG SITES 1, 2, AND 3, RESPECTIVELY, IN THE IL8 PROXIMAL PROMOTER WAS SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED IN HUMAN NASAL EPITHELIAL CELLS OF PATIENTS WITH CRSWNP COMPARED WITH THAT IN PATIENTS WITH CRSSNP (P < .001) AND CONTROL SUBJECTS (P < .001). PERCENTAGE OF DNA METHYLATION OF THE CPG3 SITE WAS CORRELATED NEGATIVELY WITH BOTH TISSUE EOSINOPHILIC CATIONIC PROTEIN (P < .01) AND MYELOPEROXIDASE (P < .05) LEVELS. IL-1BETA (P < .001) AND TNF-ALPHA (P < .01) SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED IL8 EXPRESSION ACCOMPANIED BY A REDUCTION IN METHYLATION AT THE CPG3 SITE (P < .001). ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY SHIFT ASSAYS DEMONSTRATED THAT METHYLATION STATUS OF CPG3 CHANGED THE BINDING OF OCTAMER-BINDING TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 1 AND NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPAB. CONCLUSION: DECREASED DNA METHYLATION OF PARTICULARLY CPG SITES IN THE IL8 PROXIMAL PROMOTER MIGHT PLAY A ROLE IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CRSWNP.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
20  1062  22 CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF DNA METHYLATION IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA PATIENTS: RESULTS FROM 3 UK CLINICAL TRIALS. CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA PATIENTS WITH MUTATED IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY-CHAIN GENES (IGHV-M), PARTICULARLY THOSE LACKING POOR-RISK GENOMIC LESIONS, OFTEN RESPOND WELL TO CHEMOIMMUNOTHERAPY (CIT). DNA METHYLATION PROFILING CAN SUBDIVIDE EARLY-STAGE PATIENTS INTO NAIVE B-CELL-LIKE CLL (N-CLL), MEMORY B-CELL-LIKE CLL (M-CLL), AND INTERMEDIATE CLL (I-CLL), WITH DIFFERING TIMES TO FIRST TREATMENT AND OVERALL SURVIVAL. HOWEVER, WHETHER DNA METHYLATION CAN IDENTIFY PATIENTS DESTINED TO RESPOND FAVORABLY TO CIT HAS NOT BEEN ASCERTAINED. WE CLASSIFIED TREATMENT-NAIVE PATIENTS (N = 605) FROM 3 UK CHEMO AND CIT CLINICAL TRIALS INTO THE 3 EPIGENETIC SUBGROUPS, USING PYROSEQUENCING AND MICROARRAY ANALYSIS, AND PERFORMED EXPANSIVE SURVIVAL ANALYSIS. THE N-CLL, I-CLL, AND M-CLL SIGNATURES WERE FOUND IN 80% (N = 245/305), 17% (53/305), AND 2% (7/305) OF IGHV-UNMUTATED (IGHV-U) CASES, RESPECTIVELY, AND IN 9%, (19/216), 50% (108/216), AND 41% (89/216) OF IGHV-M CASES, RESPECTIVELY. MULTIVARIATE COX PROPORTIONAL ANALYSIS IDENTIFIED M-CLL AS AN INDEPENDENT PROGNOSTIC FACTOR FOR OVERALL SURVIVAL (HAZARD RATIO [HR], 0.46; 95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL [CI], 0.24-0.87; P = .018) IN CLL4, AND FOR PROGRESSION-FREE SURVIVAL (HR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.10-0.57; P = .002) IN ARCTIC AND ADMIRE PATIENTS. THE ANALYSIS OF EPIGENETIC SUBGROUPS IN PATIENTS ENTERED INTO 3 FIRST-LINE UK CLL TRIALS IDENTIFIES M-CLL AS AN INDEPENDENT MARKER OF PROLONGED SURVIVAL AND MAY AID IN THE IDENTIFICATION OF PATIENTS DESTINED TO DEMONSTRATE PROLONGED SURVIVAL AFTER CIT.	2019