1    63 140 A HIGH METHYLATION LEVEL OF A NOVEL -284 BP CPG ISLAND IN THE RAMP1 GENE PROMOTER IS POTENTIALLY ASSOCIATED WITH MIGRAINE IN WOMEN. MIGRAINE IS A COMPLEX NEUROVASCULAR DISORDER AFFECTING ONE BILLION PEOPLE WORLDWIDE, MAINLY FEMALES. IT IS CHARACTERIZED BY ATTACKS OF MODERATE TO SEVERE HEADACHE PAIN, WITH ASSOCIATED SYMPTOMS. RECEPTOR ACTIVITY MODIFYING PROTEIN (RAMP1) IS PART OF THE CALCITONIN GENE-RELATED PEPTIDE (CGRP) RECEPTOR, A PHARMACOLOGICAL TARGET FOR MIGRAINE. EPIGENETIC PROCESSES, SUCH AS DNA METHYLATION, PLAY A ROLE IN CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF VARIOUS DISEASES. DNA METHYLATION OCCURS MOSTLY IN THE GENE PROMOTER AND CAN CONTROL GENE EXPRESSION. WE INVESTIGATED THE METHYLATION STATE OF THE RAMP1 PROMOTER IN 104 FEMALE BLOOD DNA SAMPLES: 54 MIGRAINEURS AND 50 CONTROLS. WE TREATED DNA WITH SODIUM BISULFITE AND PERFORMED PCR, SANGER SEQUENCING, AND EPIGENETIC SEQUENCING METHYLATION (ESME) SOFTWARE ANALYSIS. WE IDENTIFIED 51 CPG DINUCLEOTIDES, AND 5 SHOWED METHYLATION VARIABILITY. MIGRAINEURS HAD A HIGHER NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS WITH ALL FIVE CPG METHYLATED WHEN COMPARED TO CONTROLS (26% VS. 16%), ALTHOUGH NON-SIGNIFICANT (P = 0.216). WE ALSO FOUND THAT CPG -284 BP, RELATED TO THE TRANSCRIPTION START SITE (TSS), SHOWED HIGHER METHYLATION LEVELS IN CASES (P = 0.011). THIS CPG MAY POTENTIALLY PLAY A ROLE IN MIGRAINE, AFFECTING RAMP1 TRANSCRIPTION OR RECEPTOR MALFUNCTIONING AND/OR ALTERED CGRP BINDING. WE HOPE TO CONFIRM THIS FINDING IN A LARGER COHORT AND ESTABLISH AN EPIGENETIC BIOMARKER TO PREDICT FEMALE MIGRAINE RISK.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
2  3935  29 LIVER-SPECIFIC KNOCKDOWN OF CLASS IIA HDACS HAS LIMITED EFFICACY ON GLUCOSE METABOLISM BUT ENTAILS SEVERE ORGAN SIDE EFFECTS IN MICE. HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDACS) ARE IMPORTANT REGULATORS OF EPIGENETIC GENE MODIFICATION THAT ARE INVOLVED IN THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL CONTROL OF METABOLISM. IN PARTICULAR CLASS IIA HDACS HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO AFFECT HEPATIC GLUCONEOGENESIS AND PREVIOUS APPROACHES REVEALED THAT THEIR INHIBITION REDUCES BLOOD GLUCOSE IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC MICE. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, WE AIMED TO EVALUATE THE POTENTIAL OF CLASS IIA HDAC INHIBITION AS A THERAPEUTIC OPPORTUNITY FOR THE TREATMENT +OF METABOLIC DISEASES. FOR THAT, SIRNAS SELECTIVELY TARGETING HDAC4, 5 AND 7 WERE SELECTED AND USED TO ACHIEVE A COMBINATORIAL KNOCKDOWN OF THESE THREE CLASS IIA HDAC ISOFORMS. SUBSEQUENTLY, THE HEPATOCELLULAR EFFECTS AS WELL AS THE IMPACT ON GLUCOSE AND LIPID METABOLISM WERE ANALYZED IN VITRO AND IN VIVO. THE TRIPLE KNOCKDOWN RESULTED IN A STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT DECREASE OF GLUCONEOGENIC GENE EXPRESSION IN MURINE AND HUMAN HEPATOCYTE CELL MODELS. A SIMILAR HDAC-INDUCED DOWNREGULATION OF HEPATIC GLUCONEOGENESIS GENES COULD BE ACHIEVED IN MICE USING A LIVER-SPECIFIC LIPID NANOPARTICLE SIRNA FORMULATION. HOWEVER, THE EFFICACY ON WHOLE BODY GLUCOSE METABOLISM ASSESSED BY PYRUVATE-TOLERANCE TESTS WERE ONLY LIMITED AND DID NOT OUTWEIGH THE SAFETY FINDINGS OBSERVED BY HISTOPATHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS IN SPLEEN AND KIDNEY. MECHANISTICALLY, AFFYMETRIX GENE EXPRESSION STUDIES PROVIDE EVIDENCE THAT CLASS IIA HDACS DIRECTLY TARGET OTHER KEY FACTORS BEYOND THE DESCRIBED FORKHEAD BOX (FOXP) TRANSCRIPTION REGULATORS, SUCH AS HEPATOCYTE NUCLEAR FACTOR 4 ALPHA (HNF4A). DOWNSTREAM OF THESE FACTORS SEVERAL ADDITIONAL PATHWAYS WERE REGULATED NOT MERELY INCLUDING GLUCOSE AND LIPID METABOLISM AND TRANSPORT. IN CONCLUSION, THE LIVER-DIRECTED COMBINATORIAL KNOCKDOWN OF HDAC4, 5 AND 7 BY THERAPEUTIC SIRNAS AFFECTED MULTIPLE PATHWAYS IN VITRO, LEADING IN VIVO TO THE DOWNREGULATION OF GENES INVOLVED IN GLUCONEOGENESIS. HOWEVER, THE EFFECTS ON GENE EXPRESSION LEVEL WERE NOT PARALLELED BY A SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION OF GLUCONEOGENESIS IN MICE. COMBINED KNOCKDOWN OF HDAC ISOFORMS WAS ASSOCIATED WITH SEVERE ADVERSE EFFECTS IN VIVO, CHALLENGING THIS APPROACH AS A TREATMENT OPTION FOR CHRONIC METABOLIC DISORDERS LIKE TYPE 2 DIABETES.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
3  3056  34 GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION ANALYSIS IMPLICATES ENRICHMENT OF INTERFERON PATHWAY IN AFRICAN AMERICAN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS AND EUROPEAN AMERICANS WITH LUPUS NEPHRITIS. SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE) IS A CHRONIC, MULTISYSTEM, INFLAMMATORY AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE THAT DISPROPORTIONATELY AFFECTS WOMEN. TRENDS IN SLE PREVALENCE AND CLINICAL COURSE DIFFER BY ANCESTRY, WITH THOSE OF AFRICAN AMERICAN ANCESTRY PRESENTING WITH MORE ACTIVE, SEVERE AND RAPIDLY PROGRESSIVE DISEASE THAN EUROPEAN AMERICANS. PREVIOUS RESEARCH ESTABLISHED ALTERED EPIGENETIC SIGNATURES IN SLE PATIENTS COMPARED TO CONTROLS. HOWEVER, THE CONTRIBUTION OF ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION (DNAM) TO THE RISK OF SLE BY ANCESTRY AND DIFFERENCES AMONG PATIENTS WITH SLE-ASSOCIATED LUPUS NEPHRITIS (LN) HAS NOT BEEN WELL DESCRIBED. WE EVALUATED THE DNA METHYLOMES OF 87 INDIVIDUALS INCLUDING 41 SLE PATIENTS, WITH AND WITHOUT LN, AND 46 CONTROLS ENROLLED IN AN ANCESTRY DIVERSE, WELL-CHARACTERIZED COHORT STUDY OF ESTABLISHED SLE (41 SLE PATIENTS [20 SLE-LN+, 21 SLE-LN-] AND 46 SEX-, RACE- AND AGE-MATCHED CONTROLS; 55% AFRICAN AMERICAN, 45% EUROPEAN AMERICAN). PARTICIPANTS WERE GENOTYPED USING THE INFINIUM GLOBAL DIVERSITY ARRAY (GDA), AND GENETIC ANCESTRY WAS ESTIMATED USING PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS. GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION WAS INITIALLY MEASURED USING THE ILLUMINA METHYLATIONEPIC 850K BEADCHIP ARRAY FOLLOWED BY METHYLATION-SPECIFIC QPCR TO VALIDATE THE METHYLATION STATUS AT PUTATIVE LOCI. DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED POSITIONS (DMP) WERE IDENTIFIED USING A CASE-CONTROL APPROACH ADJUSTED FOR ANCESTRY. WE IDENTIFIED A TOTAL OF 51 DMPS IN CPGS AMONG SLE PATIENTS COMPARED TO CONTROLS. GENES PROXIMAL TO THESE CPGS WERE HIGHLY ENRICHED FOR INVOLVEMENT IN TYPE I INTERFERON SIGNALING. DMPS AMONG EUROPEAN AMERICAN SLE PATIENTS WITH LN WERE SIMILAR TO AFRICAN AMERICAN SLE PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT LN. OUR FINDINGS WERE VALIDATED USING AN ORTHOGONAL, METHYL-SPECIFIC PCR FOR THREE SLE-ASSOCIATED DMPS NEAR OR PROXIMAL TO MX1, USP18, AND IFITM1. OUR STUDY CONFIRMS PREVIOUS REPORTS THAT DMPS IN CPGS ASSOCIATED WITH SLE ARE ENRICHED IN TYPE I INTERFERON GENES. HOWEVER, WE SHOW THAT EUROPEAN AMERICAN SLE PATIENTS WITH LN HAVE SIMILAR DNAM PATTERNS TO AFRICAN AMERICAN SLE PATIENTS IRRESPECTIVE OF LN, SUGGESTING THAT ABERRANT DNAM ALTERS ACTIVITY OF TYPE I INTERFERON PATHWAY LEADING TO MORE SEVERE DISEASE INDEPENDENT OF ANCESTRY.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
4  2052  34 EPIGENETIC CONNECTION OF THE CALCITONIN GENE-RELATED PEPTIDE AND ITS POTENTIAL IN MIGRAINE. THE CALCITONIN GENE-RELATED PEPTIDE (CGRP) IS IMPLICATED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF SEVERAL PAIN-RELATED SYNDROMES, INCLUDING MIGRAINE. TARGETING CGRP AND ITS RECEPTOR BY THEIR ANTAGONISTS AND ANTIBODIES WAS A BREAKTHROUGH IN MIGRAINE THERAPY, BUT THE NEED TO IMPROVE EFFICACY AND LIMIT THE SIDE EFFECTS OF THESE DRUGS JUSTIFY FURTHER STUDIES ON THE REGULATION OF CGRP IN MIGRAINE. THE EXPRESSION OF THE CGRP ENCODING GENE, CALCA, IS MODULATED BY EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, INCLUDING THE DNA METHYLATION, HISTONE MODIFICATION, AND EFFECTS OF MICRO RNAS (MIRNAS), CIRCULAR RNAS, AND LONG-CODING RNAS (LNCRNAS). ON THE OTHER HAND, CGRP CAN CHANGE THE EPIGENETIC PROFILE OF NEURONAL AND GLIAL CELLS. THE PROMOTER OF THE CALCA GENE HAS TWO CPG ISLANDS THAT MAY BE SPECIFICALLY METHYLATED IN MIGRAINE PATIENTS. DNA METHYLATION AND LNCRNAS WERE SHOWN TO PLAY A ROLE IN THE CELL-SPECIFIC ALTERNATIVE SPLICING OF THE CALCA PRIMARY TRANSCRIPT. CGRP MAY BE INVOLVED IN CHANGES IN NEURAL CYTOARCHITECTURE THAT ARE CONTROLLED BY HISTONE DEACETYLASE 6 (HDAC6) AND CAN BE RELATED TO MIGRAINE. INHIBITION OF HDAC6 RESULTS IN REDUCED CORTICAL-SPREADING DEPRESSION AND A BLOCKADE OF THE CGRP RECEPTOR. CGRP LEVELS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE EXPRESSION OF SEVERAL MIRNAS IN PLASMA, MAKING THEM USEFUL PERIPHERAL MARKERS OF MIGRAINE. THE FUNDAMENTAL ROLE OF CGRP IN INFLAMMATORY PAIN TRANSMISSION MAY BE EPIGENETICALLY REGULATED. IN CONCLUSION, EPIGENETIC CONNECTIONS OF CGRP SHOULD BE FURTHER EXPLORED FOR EFFICIENT AND SAFE ANTIMIGRAINE THERAPY.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
5  1161  37 CONTINUOUS DEVELOPMENTAL AND EARLY LIFE TRICHLOROETHYLENE EXPOSURE PROMOTED DNA METHYLATION ALTERATIONS IN POLYCOMB PROTEIN BINDING SITES IN EFFECTOR/MEMORY CD4(+) T CELLS. TRICHLOROETHYLENE (TCE) IS AN INDUSTRIAL SOLVENT AND DRINKING WATER POLLUTANT ASSOCIATED WITH CD4(+) T CELL-MEDIATED AUTOIMMUNITY. IN OUR MOUSE MODEL, DISCONTINUATION OF TCE EXPOSURE DURING ADULTHOOD AFTER DEVELOPMENTAL EXPOSURE DID NOT PREVENT IMMUNOTOXICITY. TO DETERMINE WHETHER PERSISTENT EFFECTS WERE LINKED TO EPIGENETIC CHANGES WE CONDUCTED WHOLE GENOME REDUCED REPRESENTATION BISULFITE SEQUENCING (RRBS) TO EVALUATE METHYLATION OF CPG SITES IN AUTOSOMAL CHROMOSOMES IN ACTIVATED EFFECTOR/MEMORY CD4(+) T CELLS. FEMALE MRL+/+ MICE WERE EXPOSED TO VEHICLE CONTROL OR TCE IN THE DRINKING WATER FROM GESTATION UNTIL ~37 WEEKS OF AGE [POSTNATAL DAY (PND) 259]. IN A SUBSET OF MICE, TCE EXPOSURE WAS DISCONTINUED AT ~22 WEEKS OF AGE (PND 154). AT PND 259, RRBS ASSESSMENT REVEALED MORE GLOBAL METHYLATION CHANGES IN THE CONTINUOUS EXPOSURE GROUP VS. THE DISCONTINUOUS EXPOSURE GROUP. A MAJORITY OF THE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPG REGIONS (DMRS) ACROSS PROMOTERS, ISLANDS, AND REGULATORY ELEMENTS WERE HYPERMETHYLATED (~90%). HOWEVER, CONTINUOUS DEVELOPMENTAL TCE EXPOSURE ALTERED THE METHYLATION OF 274 CPG SITES IN PROMOTERS AND CPG ISLANDS. IN CONTRAST, ONLY 4 CPG ISLAND REGIONS WERE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED (HYPERMETHYLATED) IN THE DISCONTINUOUS GROUP. INTERESTINGLY, 2 OF THESE 4 SITES WERE ALSO HYPERMETHYLATED IN THE CONTINUOUS EXPOSURE GROUP, AND BOTH OF THESE ISLAND REGIONS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH LYSINE 27 ON HISTONE H3 (H3K27) INVOLVED IN POLYCOMB COMPLEX-DEPENDENT TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSION VIA H3K27 TRI-METHYLATION. CPG SITES WERE OVERLAPPED WITH THE OPEN REGULATORY ANNOTATION DATABASE. UNLIKE THE DISCONTINUOUS GROUP, CONTINUOUS TCE TREATMENT RESULTED IN 129 DMRS INCLUDING 12 UNIQUE TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS AND REGULATORY ELEMENTS; 80% OF WHICH WERE ENRICHED FOR ONE OR MORE POLYCOMB GROUP (PCG) PROTEIN BINDING REGIONS (I.E., SUZ12, EZH2, JARID2, AND MTF2). PATHWAY ANALYSIS OF THE DMRS INDICATED THAT TCE PRIMARILY ALTERED THE METHYLATION OF GENES ASSOCIATED WITH REGULATION OF CELLULAR METABOLISM AND CELL SIGNALING. THE RESULTS DEMONSTRATED THAT CONTINUOUS DEVELOPMENTAL EXPOSURE TO TCE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED BINDING SITES OF PCG PROTEINS IN EFFECTOR/MEMORY CD4(+) CELLS. THERE WERE MINIMAL YET POTENTIALLY BIOLOGICALLY SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS THAT OCCURRED WHEN EXPOSURE WAS DISCONTINUED. THESE RESULTS POINT TOWARD A NOVEL MECHANISM BY WHICH CHRONIC DEVELOPMENTAL TCE EXPOSURE MAY ALTER TERMINALLY DIFFERENTIATED CD4(+) T CELL FUNCTION IN ADULTHOOD.	2019	
                                                                                             
6  2326  32 EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF HOTAIR IN ADVANCED CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA. PURPOSE: CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML) ACCOUNTS FOR ~10% OF LEUKEMIA CASES, AND ITS PROGRESSION INVOLVES EPIGENETIC GENE REGULATION. THIS STUDY INVESTIGATED EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF HOTAIR AND ITS TARGET MICRORNA, MIR-143, IN ADVANCED CML. PATIENTS AND METHODS: WE FIRST ISOLATED BONE MARROW MONONUCLEAR CELLS FROM 70 PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT PHASES OF CML AND FROM HEALTHY DONORS AS NORMAL CONTROL; WE ALSO CULTURED K562 AND KCL22 CELLS, TREATED WITH DEMETHYLATION DRUG; MTT ASSAY, FLOW CYTOMETRY, QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (QPCR), METHYLATION-SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (MSP), WESTERN BLOT, LUCIFERASE ASSAY, RNA PULL-DOWN ASSAY AND RNA-BINDING PROTEIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION (RIP) ASSAY WERE PERFORMED. RESULT: AS MEASURED BY QPCR, HOTAIR EXPRESSION IN K562 CELLS, KCL22 CELLS, AND SAMPLES FROM CASES OF ADVANCED-STAGE CML INCREASED WITH LEVELS OF SEVERAL DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES AND HISTONE DEACETYLATES, INCLUDING DNMT1, DNMT3A, HDAC1, EZH2, AND LSD1, AND MIR-143 LEVELS WERE DECREASED AND HOTAIR LEVELS WERE INCREASED. TREATMENT WITH 5-AZACYTIDINE, A DNA METHYLATION INHIBITOR, DECREASED DNMT1, DNMT3A, HDAC1, EZH2, LSD1 MRNA, PROTEIN LEVELS, AND HOTAIR MRNA LEVELS BUT INCREASED MIR-143 LEVELS. HOTAIR KNOCKDOWN AND MIR-143 OVEREXPRESSION BOTH INHIBITED PROLIFERATION AND PROMOTED APOPTOSIS IN KCL22 AND K562 CELLS THROUGH THE PI3K/AKT PATHWAY. RNA PULL-DOWN, MASS SPECTROMETRY, AND RIP ASSAYS SHOWED THAT HOTAIR INTERACTED WITH EZH2 AND LSD1. A DUAL-LUCIFERASE ASSAY DEMONSTRATED THAT HOTAIR INTERACTED WITH MIR-143. CONCLUSION: OUR FINDINGS DEMONSTRATE THE KEY EPIGENETIC INTERACTIONS OF HOTAIR RELATED TO CML PROGRESSION AND SUGGEST HOTAIR AS A POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGET FOR ADVANCED CML. FURTHERMORE, OUR RESULTS SUPPORT THE USE OF DEMETHYLATION DRUGS AS A CML TREATMENT STRATEGY.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
7  5236  41 PROFILING NON-CODING RNA LEVELS WITH CLINICAL CLASSIFIERS IN PEDIATRIC CROHN'S DISEASE. BACKGROUND: CROHN'S DISEASE (CD) IS A HERITABLE CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISORDER. NON-CODING RNAS (NCRNAS) PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN EPIGENETIC REGULATION BY AFFECTING GENE EXPRESSION, BUT CAN ALSO DIRECTLY AFFECT PROTEIN FUNCTION, THUS HAVING A SUBSTANTIAL IMPACT ON BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES. WE INVESTIGATED WHETHER NON-CODING RNAS (NCRNA) AT DIAGNOSIS ARE DYSREGULATED DURING CD AT DIFFERENT CD LOCATIONS AND FUTURE DISEASE BEHAVIORS TO DETERMINE IF NCRNA SIGNATURES CAN SERVE AS AN INDEX TO OUTCOMES. METHODS: USING SUBJECTS BELONGING TO THE RISK COHORT, WE ANALYZED NCRNA FROM THE ILEAL BIOPSIES OF 345 CD AND 71 NON-IBD CONTROLS, AND NCRNA FROM RECTAL BIOPSIES OF 329 CD AND 61 NON-IBD CONTROLS. SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT WAS DONE (STAR PACKAGE) USING HUMAN GENOME VERSION 38 (HG38) AS REFERENCE PANEL. THE DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION (DE) ANALYSIS WAS PERFORMED WITH EDGER PACKAGE AND DE NCRNAS WERE IDENTIFIED WITH A THRESHOLD OF FOLD CHANGE (FC) > 2 AND FDR < 0.05 AFTER MULTIPLE TEST CORRECTIONS. RESULTS: IN TOTAL, WE IDENTIFIED 130 CD SPECIFIC DE NCRNAS (89 IN ILEUM AND 41 IN RECTUM) WHEN COMPARED TO NON-IBD CONTROLS. SIMILARLY, 35 DE NCRNAS WERE IDENTIFIED BETWEEN B1 AND B2 IN ILEUM, WHEREAS NO DIFFERENCES AMONG CD DISEASE BEHAVIORS WERE NOTICED IN RECTUM. WE ALSO FOUND INFLAMMATION SPECIFIC NCRNAS BETWEEN INFLAMED AND NON-INFLAMED GROUPS IN ILEAL BIOPSIES. OVERALL, WE OBSERVED THAT EXPRESSION OF MIR1244-2, MIR1244-3, MIR1244-4, AND RN7SL2 WERE INCREASED DURING CD, REGARDLESS OF DISEASE BEHAVIOR, LOCATION, OR INFLAMMATORY STATUS. LASTLY, WE TESTED NCRNA EXPRESSION AT BASELINE AS POTENTIAL TOOL TO PREDICT THE DISEASE STATUS, DISEASE BEHAVIORS AND DISEASE INFLAMMATION AT 3-YEAR FOLLOW UP. CONCLUSIONS: WE HAVE IDENTIFIED NCRNAS THAT ARE SPECIFIC TO DISEASE LOCATION, DISEASE BEHAVIOR, AND DISEASE INFLAMMATION IN CD. BOTH ILEAL AND RECTAL SPECIFIC NCRNA ARE CHANGING OVER THE COURSE OF CD, SPECIFICALLY DURING THE DISEASE PROGRESSION IN THE INTESTINAL MUCOSA. COLLECTIVELY, OUR FINDINGS SHOW CHANGES IN NCRNA DURING CD AND MAY HAVE A CLINICAL UTILITY IN EARLY IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF DISEASE PROGRESSION.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
8  1393  32 DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF THE HYPOMETHYLATION OF THE WISP1 PROMOTER IN PATIENTS WITH HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA ASSOCIATED WITH HEPATITIS B VIRUS. WNT1-INDUCIBLE SIGNALING PATHWAY PROTEIN 1 (WISP1) REGULATES CELL PROLIFERATION, DIFFERENTIATION, ADHESION, MIGRATION AND SURVIVAL. ABNORMAL WISP1 EXPRESSION IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE CARCINOGENESIS OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC). ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION IS ONE OF THE MAJOR EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS IN HCC. HOWEVER, THE METHYLATION STATUS OF THE WISP1 PROMOTER IS STILL UNCLEAR. WE THEREFORE AIMED TO DETERMINE THE METHYLATION STATUS OF THE WISP1 PROMOTER AND EVALUATE ITS CLINICAL VALUE IN HCC. THE STUDY ENROLLED 251 PARTICIPANTS, INCLUDING 123 PARTICIPANTS WITH HCC, 90 PARTICIPANTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS B (CHB) AND 38 HEALTHY CONTROLS (HCS). WISP1 METHYLATION STATUS, MRNA LEVELS AND PLASMA SOLUBLE WISP1 WERE DETECTED BY METHYLATION-SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (MSP), QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME PCR (RT-QPCR) AND ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY (ELISA), RESPECTIVELY. WE FOUND THAT THE METHYLATION FREQUENCY OF WISP1 IN PATIENTS WITH HCC WAS SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER THAN THAT IN PATIENTS WITH CHB AND HCS, WHILE THE RELATIVE EXPRESSION LEVELS OF WISP1 MRNA WERE MARKEDLY HIGHER IN PATIENTS WITH HCC THAN IN PATIENTS WITH CHB AND HCS. FURTHERMORE, THE PLASMA SOLUBLE WISP1 IN PATIENTS WITH HCC WAS OBVIOUSLY LOWER THAN IN THAT IN PATIENTS WITH CHB AND HCS. ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN (AFP) IS A WIDELY RECOGNIZED BIOMARKER TO DIAGNOSE HCC WHICH LACKS ENOUGH SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY. WISP1 PROMOTER METHYLATION STATUS COMBINED WITH AFP SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVED THE DIAGNOSTIC ABILITY IN DISCRIMINATING HCC FROM CHB COMPARED WITH AFP OR WISP1 METHYLATION STATUS ALONE. IN CONCLUSION, HYPOMETHYLATION OF THE WISP1 GENE PROMOTER MAY SERVE AS A NONINVASIVE BIOMARKER FOR DETECTING HBV-ASSOCIATED HCC.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
9   849  41 CHILDHOOD TRAUMATIZATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFERENCES IN TRPA1 PROMOTER METHYLATION IN FEMALE PATIENTS WITH MULTISOMATOFORM DISORDER WITH PAIN AS THE LEADING BODILY SYMPTOM. BACKGROUND: THE CONSTRUCT OF MULTISOMATOFORM DISORDER (MSD) IS A COMMON POINT OF REFERENCE FOR PATIENTS IN DIFFERENT SOMATIC AND PSYCHOSOMATIC SPECIALTIES AND THEREFORE USEFUL IN STUDYING LARGE WELL-CHARACTERIZED COHORTS OF A PROTOTYPE OF A SOMATOFORM DISORDER AND IN PARALLEL AS A FUNCTIONAL SOMATIC SYNDROME (FSS). THIS DISORDER IS CHARACTERIZED BY DISTRESSING AND FUNCTIONALLY DISABLING SOMATIC SYMPTOMS WITH CHRONIC PAIN AS THE MOST FREQUENT AND CLINICALLY RELEVANT COMPLAINT. PAIN IS PERCEIVED BY NOCICEPTIVE NERVE FIBERS AND TRANSFERRED THROUGH THE GENERATION OF ACTION POTENTIALS BY DIFFERENT RECEPTOR MOLECULES KNOWN TO DETERMINE PAIN SENSITIVITY IN PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES. PREVIOUS STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT FOR THE TRANSIENT RECEPTOR POTENTIAL ANKYRIN 1 (TRPA1), RECEPTOR METHYLATION OF A PARTICULAR CPG DINUCLEOTIDE IN THE PROMOTER REGION IS INVERSELY ASSOCIATED WITH BOTH HEAT PAIN AND PRESSURE PAIN THRESHOLDS. IN THIS STUDY, WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT TRPA1 PROMOTER METHYLATION REGULATES PAIN SENSITIVITY OF PATIENTS WITH MULTISOMATOFORM DISORDER (MSD). A COHORT OF 151 PATIENTS WITH MSD AND 149 MATCHED HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS WERE EVALUATED USING QUANTITATIVE SENSORY TESTING, CLINICAL AND PSYCHOMETRIC ASSESSMENT, AND METHYLATION ANALYSIS USING DNA ISOLATED FROM WHOLE BLOOD. RESULTS: WE FOUND CPG -628 TO BE CORRELATED WITH MECHANICAL PAIN THRESHOLD AND CPG -411 TO BE CORRELATED WITH MECHANICAL PAIN THRESHOLD IN FEMALE VOLUNTEERS, I.E., HIGHER METHYLATION LEVELS LEAD TO HIGHER PAIN THRESHOLDS. A NOVEL FINDING IS THAT METHYLATION LEVELS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT BETWEEN PATIENTS WITH NO AND SEVERE LEVELS OF CHILDHOOD TRAUMA. CPG METHYLATION ALSO CORRELATED WITH PSYCHOMETRIC ASSESSMENT OF PAIN AND PAIN LEVELS RATED ON A VISUAL ANALOG SCALE. CONCLUSION: OUR FINDINGS SUPPORT THE HYPOTHESIS THAT EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF TRPA1 PLAYS A ROLE IN MECHANICAL PAIN SENSITIVITIES IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS. THEY FURTHER PROVIDE EVIDENCE FOR THE POSSIBLE INFLUENCE OF CHILDHOOD TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCES ON THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF TRPA1 IN PATIENTS WITH MSD.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
10  4364  29 MIRNA DEREGULATION BY EPIGENETIC SILENCING DISRUPTS SUPPRESSION OF THE ONCOGENE PLAG1 IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. MICRORNAS (MIRNA) PLAY A KEY ROLE IN CELLULAR REGULATION AND, IF DEREGULATED, IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEOPLASTIC DISORDERS INCLUDING CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL). RNAS FROM PRIMARY CELLS OF 50 TREATMENT-NAIVE CLL PATIENTS AND PERIPHERAL B CELLS OF 14 HEALTHY DONORS WERE APPLIED TO MIRNA EXPRESSION PROFILING USING BEAD CHIP TECHNOLOGY. IN CLL CELLS, A SET OF 7 UP- AND 19 DOWN-REGULATED MIRNAS WAS IDENTIFIED. AMONG THE MIRNAS DOWN-REGULATED IN CLL CELLS, 6 OF 10 MIRNA PROMOTERS EXAMINED SHOWED GAIN OF METHYLATION COMPARED WITH NORMAL B-CELL CONTROLS. SUBSEQUENT TARGET PREDICTION OF DEREGULATED MIRNAS REVEALED A HIGHLY SIGNIFICANT BINDING PREDICTION AT THE 3' UNTRANSLATED REGION OF THE PLEOMORPHIC ADENOMA GENE 1 (PLAG1) ONCOGENE. LUCIFERASE REPORTER ASSAYS INCLUDING SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS OF BINDING SITES REVEALED A SIGNIFICANT REGULATION OF PLAG1 BY MIR-181A, MIR-181B, MIR-107, AND MIR-424. ALTHOUGH EXPRESSION OF PLAG1 MRNA WAS NOT AFFECTED, PLAG1 PROTEIN EXPRESSION WAS SHOWN TO BE SIGNIFICANTLY ELEVATED IN CLL CELLS COMPARED WITH THE LEVELS IN HEALTHY DONOR B CELLS. IN SUMMARY, WE COULD DEMONSTRATE DISRUPTION OF MIRNA-MEDIATED TRANSLATIONAL CONTROL, PARTLY DUE TO EPIGENETIC TRANSCRIPTIONAL SILENCING OF MIRNAS, WITH SUBSEQUENT OVEREXPRESSION OF THE ONCOGENIC TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR PLAG1 AS A PUTATIVE NOVEL MECHANISM OF CLL PATHOGENESIS.	2009	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
11   101  33 A RAT METHYL-SEQ PLATFORM TO IDENTIFY EPIGENETIC CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH STRESS EXPOSURE. AS GENOMES OF A WIDER VARIETY OF ANIMALS BECOME AVAILABLE, THERE IS AN INCREASING NEED FOR TOOLS THAT CAN CAPTURE DYNAMIC EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN THESE ANIMAL MODELS. THE RAT IS ONE PARTICULAR MODEL ANIMAL WHERE AN EPIGENETIC TOOL CAN COMPLEMENT MANY PHARMACOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIORAL STUDIES TO PROVIDE INSIGHTFUL MECHANISTIC INFORMATION. TO THIS END, WE ADAPTED THE SURESELECT TARGET CAPTURE SYSTEM (REFERRED TO AS METHYL-SEQ) FOR THE RAT, WHICH CAN ASSESS DNA METHYLATION LEVELS ACROSS THE RAT GENOME. THE RAT DESIGN TARGETED PROMOTERS, CPG ISLANDS, ISLAND SHORES, AND GC-RICH REGIONS FROM ALL REFSEQ GENES. TO IMPLEMENT THE PLATFORM ON A RAT EXPERIMENT, MALE SPRAGUE DAWLEY RATS WERE EXPOSED TO CHRONIC VARIABLE STRESS FOR 3 WEEKS, AFTER WHICH BLOOD SAMPLES WERE COLLECTED FOR GENOMIC DNA EXTRACTION. METHYL-SEQ LIBRARIES WERE CONSTRUCTED FROM THE RAT DNA SAMPLES BY SHEARING, ADAPTER LIGATION, TARGET ENRICHMENT, BISULFITE CONVERSION, AND MULTIPLEXING. LIBRARIES WERE SEQUENCED ON A NEXT-GENERATION SEQUENCING PLATFORM AND THE SEQUENCED READS WERE ANALYZED TO IDENTIFY DMRS BETWEEN DNA OF STRESSED AND UNSTRESSED RATS. TOP CANDIDATE DMRS WERE INDEPENDENTLY VALIDATED BY BISULFITE PYROSEQUENCING TO CONFIRM THE ROBUSTNESS OF THE PLATFORM. RESULTS DEMONSTRATE THAT THE RAT METHYL-SEQ PLATFORM IS A USEFUL EPIGENETIC TOOL THAT CAN CAPTURE METHYLATION CHANGES INDUCED BY EXPOSURE TO STRESS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
12  5537  40 ROLE OF CALCITONIN GENE-RELATED PEPTIDE IN LIGHT-AVERSIVE BEHAVIOR: IMPLICATIONS FOR MIGRAINE. MIGRAINE IS A CHRONIC NEUROLOGICAL DISORDER CHARACTERIZED BY RECURRENT EPISODES OF SEVERE UNILATERAL THROBBING HEAD PAIN AND ASSOCIATED SYMPTOMS, SUCH AS PHOTOPHOBIA. OUR CURRENT UNDERSTANDING OF THE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING MIGRAINE HAS BEEN HAMPERED BY LIMITATIONS IN ASCERTAINING MIGRAINE SYMPTOMS IN ANIMAL MODELS. CLINICAL STUDIES HAVE ESTABLISHED THE NEUROPEPTIDE CALCITONIN GENE-RELATED PEPTIDE (CGRP) AS A KEY PLAYER IN MIGRAINE. HERE, WE ESTABLISH A GENETIC MODEL OF PHOTOPHOBIA BY ENGINEERING INCREASED SENSITIVITY TO CGRP IN MICE. THESE TRANSGENIC MICE (NESTIN/HRAMP1) DISPLAY LIGHT-AVERSIVE BEHAVIOR THAT IS GREATLY ENHANCED BY INTRACEREBROVENTRICULAR INJECTION OF CGRP AND BLOCKED BY COADMINISTRATION OF THE CGRP RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST OLCEGEPANT. THIS BEHAVIOR APPEARS TO BE AN INDICATOR OF PHOTOPHOBIA AND CANNOT BE FULLY EXPLAINED BY GROSS ABNORMALITY OF OCULAR ANATOMY OR DIFFERENCES IN GENERAL ANXIETY OR MOTOR ACTIVITY. OUR FINDINGS DEMONSTRATE THAT A SINGLE GENE, RECEPTOR ACTIVITY-MODIFYING PROTEIN 1 (RAMP1), CAN BE A MODIFIER OF PHOTOPHOBIA AND, BY EXTENSION, SUGGEST THAT GENETIC OR EPIGENETIC MODULATION OF RAMP1 LEVELS MAY CONTRIBUTE TO MIGRAINE SUSCEPTIBILITY. MOREOVER, THEY VALIDATE CGRP HYPERSENSITIVE MICE AS A TOOL FOR EXPLORING THE NEUROBIOLOGY AND NOVEL THERAPIES FOR MIGRAINE AND OTHER DISORDERS INVOLVING PHOTOPHOBIA.	2009	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
13  3410  34 HOXA5 UNDERGOES DYNAMIC DNA METHYLATION AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSION IN THE ADIPOSE TISSUE OF MICE EXPOSED TO HIGH-FAT DIET. BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: THE GENOMIC BASES OF THE ADIPOSE TISSUE ABNORMALITIES INDUCED BY CHRONIC POSITIVE CALORIE EXCESS HAVE BEEN ONLY PARTIALLY ELUCIDATED. WE ADOPTED A GENOME-WIDE APPROACH TO DIRECTLY TEST WHETHER LONG-TERM HIGH-FAT DIET (HFD) EXPOSURE AFFECTS THE DNA METHYLATION PROFILE OF THE MOUSE ADIPOSE TISSUE AND TO IDENTIFY THE FUNCTIONAL CONSEQUENCES OF THESE CHANGES. SUBJECTS/METHODS: WE HAVE USED EPIDIDYMAL FAT OF MICE FED EITHER HIGH-FAT (HFD) OR REGULAR CHOW (STD) DIET FOR 5 MONTHS AND PERFORMED GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION ANALYSES BY METHYLATED DNA IMMUNOPRECIPITATION SEQUENCING (MEDIP-SEQ). MOUSE HOMEOBOX (HOX) GENE DNA METHYLATION PCR, RT-QPCR AND BISULPHITE SEQUENCING ANALYSES WERE THEN PERFORMED. RESULTS: MICE FED THE HFD PROGRESSIVELY EXPANDED THEIR ADIPOSE MASS ACCOMPANIED BY A SIGNIFICANT DECREASE IN GLUCOSE TOLERANCE (P<0.001) AND INSULIN SENSITIVITY (P<0.05). MEDIP-SEQ DATA ANALYSIS REVEALED A UNIFORM DISTRIBUTION OF DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS (DMR) THROUGH THE ENTIRE ADIPOCYTE GENOME, WITH A HIGHER NUMBER OF HYPERMETHYLATED REGIONS IN HFD MICE (P<0.005). THIS DIFFERENT METHYLATION PROFILE WAS ACCOMPANIED BY INCREASED EXPRESSION OF THE DNMT3A DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE (DNMT; P<0.05) AND THE METHYL-CPG-BINDING DOMAIN PROTEIN MBD3 (P<0.05) GENES IN HFD MICE. GENE ONTOLOGY ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT, IN THE HFD-TREATED MICE, THE HOX FAMILY OF DEVELOPMENT GENES WAS HIGHLY ENRICHED IN DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED GENES (P=0.008). TO VALIDATE THIS FINDING, HOXA5, WHICH IS IMPLICATED IN FAT TISSUE DIFFERENTIATION AND REMODELING, HAS BEEN SELECTED AND ANALYZED BY BISULPHITE SEQUENCING, CONFIRMING HYPERMETHYLATION IN THE ADIPOSE TISSUE FROM THE HFD MICE. HOXA5 HYPERMETHYLATION WAS ASSOCIATED WITH DOWNREGULATION OF HOXA5 MRNA AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION. FEEDING ANIMALS PREVIOUSLY EXPOSED TO THE HFD WITH A STANDARD CHOW DIET FOR TWO FURTHER MONTHS IMPROVED THE METABOLIC PHENOTYPE OF THE ANIMALS, ACCOMPANIED BY RETURN OF HOXA5 METHYLATION AND EXPRESSION LEVELS (P<0.05) TO VALUES SIMILAR TO THOSE OF THE CONTROL MICE MAINTAINED UNDER STANDARD CHOW. CONCLUSIONS: HFD INDUCES ADIPOSE TISSUE ABNORMALITIES ACCOMPANIED BY EPIGENETIC CHANGES AT THE HOXA5 ADIPOSE TISSUE REMODELING GENE.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
14  1107  29 COMBINING CYTOGENETIC AND EPIGENETIC APPROACHES IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA IMPROVES PROGNOSIS PREDICTION FOR PATIENTS WITH ISOLATED 13Q DELETION. BACKGROUND: BOTH DEFECTIVE DNA METHYLATION AND ACTIVE DNA DEMETHYLATION PROCESSES ARE EMERGING AS IMPORTANT RISK FACTORS IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL). HOWEVER, ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN 5-CYTOSINE EPIGENETIC MARKERS AND THE MOST FREQUENT CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES DETECTED IN CLL REMAIN TO BE ESTABLISHED. METHODS: CLL PATIENTS WERE RETROSPECTIVELY CLASSIFIED INTO A CYTOGENETIC LOW-RISK GROUP (ISOLATED 13Q DELETION), AN INTERMEDIATE-RISK GROUP (NORMAL KARYOTYPE OR TRISOMY 12), AND A HIGH-RISK GROUP (11Q DELETION, 17P DELETION, OR COMPLEX KARYOTYPE [>/= 3 BREAKPOINTS]). THE TWO 5-CYTOSINE DERIVATIVES, 5-METHYLCYTOSINE (5-MCYT) AND 5-HYDROXYMETHYLCYTOSINE (5-HMCYT), WERE TESTED BY ELISA (N = 60), WHILE REAL-TIME QUANTITATIVE PCR WAS USED FOR DETERMINING TRANSCRIPTIONAL EXPRESSION LEVELS OF DNMT AND TET (N = 24). RESULTS: BY USING GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION/DEMETHYLATION LEVELS, IN THE LOW-RISK DISEASE GROUP, TWO SUBGROUPS WITH SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT CLINICAL OUTCOMES HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED (MEDIAN TREATMENT-FREE SURVIVAL [TFS] 45 VERSUS > 120 MONTHS FOR 5-MCYT, P = 0.0008, AND 63 VERSUS > 120 MONTHS FOR 5-HMCYT, P = 0.04). A DEFECTIVE 5-MCYT STATUS WAS FURTHER ASSOCIATED WITH A HIGHER PERCENTAGE OF 13Q DELETED NUCLEI (> 80%), THUS SUGGESTING AN ACQUIRED PROCESS. WHEN CONSIDERING THE CYTOGENETIC INTERMEDIATE/HIGH-RISK DISEASE GROUPS, AN ASSOCIATION OF 5-MCYT STATUS WITH LYMPHOCYTOSIS (P = 0.0008) AND THE LYMPHOCYTE DOUBLING TIME (P = 0.04) BUT NOT WITH TFS WAS OBSERVED, AS WELL AS A REDUCTION OF DNMT3A, TET1, AND TET2 TRANSCRIPTS. CONCLUSIONS: COMBINING CYTOGENETIC STUDIES WITH 5-MCYT ASSESSMENT ADDS ACCURACY TO CLL PATIENTS' PROGNOSES AND PARTICULARLY FOR THOSE WITH 13Q DELETION AS A SOLE CYTOGENETIC ABNORMALITY.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
15  2079  29 EPIGENETIC DNA METHYLATION CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH HEADACHE CHRONIFICATION: A RETROSPECTIVE CASE-CONTROL STUDY. BACKGROUND THE BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF HEADACHE CHRONIFICATION ARE POORLY UNDERSTOOD. WE AIMED TO IDENTIFY CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION ASSOCIATED WITH THE TRANSFORMATION FROM EPISODIC TO CHRONIC HEADACHE. METHODS PARTICIPANTS WERE RECRUITED FROM THE POPULATION-BASED NORWEGIAN HUNT STUDY. THIRTY-SIX FEMALE HEADACHE PATIENTS WHO TRANSFORMED FROM EPISODIC TO CHRONIC HEADACHE BETWEEN BASELINE AND FOLLOW-UP 11 YEARS LATER WERE MATCHED AGAINST 35 CONTROLS WITH EPISODIC HEADACHE. DNA METHYLATION WAS QUANTIFIED AT 485,000 CPG SITES, AND CHANGES IN METHYLATION LEVEL AT THESE SITES WERE COMPARED BETWEEN CASES AND CONTROLS BY LINEAR REGRESSION ANALYSIS. DATA WERE ANALYZED IN TWO STAGES (STAGES 1 AND 2) AND IN A COMBINED META-ANALYSIS. RESULTS NONE OF THE TOP 20 CPG SITES IDENTIFIED IN STAGE 1 REPLICATED IN STAGE 2 AFTER MULTIPLE TESTING CORRECTION. IN THE COMBINED META-ANALYSIS THE STRONGEST ASSOCIATED CPG SITES WERE RELATED TO SH2D5 AND NPTX2, TWO BRAIN-EXPRESSED GENES INVOLVED IN THE REGULATION OF SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY. FUNCTIONAL ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS POINTED TO PROCESSES INCLUDING CALCIUM ION BINDING AND ESTROGEN RECEPTOR PATHWAYS. CONCLUSION IN THIS FIRST GENOME-WIDE STUDY OF DNA METHYLATION IN HEADACHE CHRONIFICATION SEVERAL POTENTIALLY IMPLICATED LOCI AND PROCESSES WERE IDENTIFIED. THE STUDY EXEMPLIFIES THE USE OF PROSPECTIVELY COLLECTED POPULATION COHORTS TO SEARCH FOR EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS OF DISEASE.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
16   404  42 ANALYSIS OF EPIGENETIC AGE PREDICTORS IN PAIN-RELATED CONDITIONS. CHRONIC PAIN PREVALENCE IS HIGH WORLDWIDE AND INCREASES AT OLDER AGES. SIGNS OF PREMATURE AGING HAVE BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC PAIN, BUT FEW STUDIES HAVE INVESTIGATED AGING BIOMARKERS IN PAIN-RELATED CONDITIONS. A SET OF DNA METHYLATION (DNAM)-BASED ESTIMATES OF AGE, CALLED "EPIGENETIC CLOCKS," HAS BEEN PROPOSED AS BIOLOGICAL MEASURES OF AGE-RELATED ADVERSE PROCESSES, MORBIDITY, AND MORTALITY. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY IS TO ASSESS IF DIFFERENT PAIN-RELATED PHENOTYPES SHOW ALTERATIONS IN DNAM AGE. IN OUR ANALYSIS, WE CONSIDERED THREE COHORTS FOR WHICH WHOLE-BLOOD DNAM DATA WERE AVAILABLE: HEAT PAIN SENSITIVITY (HPS), INCLUDING 20 MONOZYGOTIC TWIN PAIRS DISCORDANT FOR HEAT PAIN TEMPERATURE THRESHOLD; FIBROMYALGIA (FM), INCLUDING 24 CASES AND 20 CONTROLS; AND HEADACHE, INCLUDING 22 CHRONIC MIGRAINE AND MEDICATION OVERUSE HEADACHE PATIENTS (MOH), 18 EPISODIC MIGRAINEURS (EM), AND 13 HEALTHY SUBJECTS. WE USED THE HORVATH'S EPIGENETIC AGE CALCULATOR TO OBTAIN DNAM-BASED ESTIMATES OF EPIGENETIC AGE, TELOMERE LENGTH, LEVELS OF 7 PROTEINS IN PLASMA, NUMBER OF SMOKED PACKS OF CIGARETTES PER YEAR, AND BLOOD CELL COUNTS. WE DID NOT FIND DIFFERENCES IN EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION, CALCULATED USING FIVE DIFFERENT EPIGENETIC CLOCKS, BETWEEN SUBJECTS DISCORDANT FOR PAIN-RELATED PHENOTYPES. TWINS WITH HIGH HPS HAD INCREASED CD8+ T CELL COUNTS (NOMINAL P = 0.028). HPS THRESHOLDS WERE NEGATIVELY ASSOCIATED WITH ESTIMATED LEVELS OF GDF15 (NOMINAL P = 0.008). FM PATIENTS SHOWED DECREASED NAIVE CD4+ T CELL COUNTS COMPARED WITH CONTROLS (NOMINAL P = 0.015). THE SEVERITY OF FM MANIFESTATIONS EXPRESSED THROUGH VARIOUS EVALUATION TESTS WAS ASSOCIATED WITH DECREASED LEVELS OF LEPTIN, SHORTER LENGTH OF TELOMERES, AND REDUCED CD8+ T AND NATURAL KILLER CELL COUNTS (NOMINAL P < 0.05), WHILE THE DURATION OF PAINFUL SYMPTOMS WAS POSITIVELY ASSOCIATED WITH TELOMERE LENGTH (NOMINAL P = 0.034). NO DIFFERENCES IN DNAM-BASED ESTIMATES WERE DETECTED FOR MOH OR EM COMPARED WITH CONTROLS. IN SUMMARY, OUR STUDY SUGGESTS THAT HPS, FM, AND MOH/EM DO NOT SHOW SIGNS OF EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION IN WHOLE BLOOD, WHILE HPS AND FM ARE ASSOCIATED WITH DNAM-BASED ESTIMATES OF IMMUNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS, PLASMA PROTEINS, AND TELOMERE LENGTH. FUTURE STUDIES SHOULD EXTEND THESE OBSERVATIONS IN LARGER COHORTS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
17    93  27 A PILOT STUDY OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD DNA METHYLATION MODELS AS PREDICTORS OF KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS RADIOGRAPHIC PROGRESSION: DATA FROM THE OSTEOARTHRITIS INITIATIVE (OAI). KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS (OA) IS A LEADING CAUSE OF CHRONIC DISABILITY WORLDWIDE, BUT NO DIAGNOSTIC OR PROGNOSTIC BIOMARKERS ARE AVAILABLE. INCREASING EVIDENCE SUPPORTS EPIGENETIC DYSREGULATION AS A CONTRIBUTOR TO OA PATHOGENESIS. IN THIS PILOT STUDY, WE INVESTIGATED EPIGENETIC PATTERNS IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS (PBMCS) AS MODELS TO PREDICT FUTURE RADIOGRAPHIC PROGRESSION IN OA PATIENTS ENROLLED IN THE LONGITUDINAL OSTEOARTHRITIS INITIATIVE (OAI) STUDY. PBMC DNA WAS ANALYZED FROM BASELINE OAI VISITS IN 58 FUTURE RADIOGRAPHIC PROGRESSORS (JOINT SPACE NARROWING AT 24 MONTHS, SUSTAINED AT 48 MONTHS) COMPARED TO 58 NON-PROGRESSORS. DNA METHYLATION WAS QUANTIFIED VIA ILLUMINA MICROARRAYS AND BETA- AND M-VALUES WERE USED TO GENERATE LINEAR CLASSIFICATION MODELS. DATA WERE RANDOMLY SPLIT INTO A 60% DEVELOPMENT AND 40% VALIDATION SUBSETS, MODELS DEVELOPED AND TESTED, AND CROSS-VALIDATED IN A TOTAL OF 40 CYCLES. M-VALUE BASED MODELS OUTPERFORMED BETA-VALUE BASED MODELS (ROC-AUC 0.81 +/- 0.01 VS. 0.73 +/- 0.02, MEAN +/- SEM, COMPARISON P = 0.002), WITH A MEAN CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY OF 73 +/- 1% (MEAN +/- SEM) FOR M- AND 69 +/- 1% FOR BETA-BASED MODELS. ADJUSTING FOR COVARIATES DID NOT SIGNIFICANTLY ALTER MODEL PERFORMANCE. OUR FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT PBMC DNA METHYLATION-BASED MODELS MAY BE USEFUL AS BIOMARKERS OF OA PROGRESSION AND WARRANT ADDITIONAL EVALUATION IN LARGER PATIENT COHORTS.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
18  4573  25 MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION-ASSOCIATED TRANSCRIPT, A LONG NONCODING RNA, IS OVEREXPRESSED DURING DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY DUE TO CHRONIC CHAGAS DISEASE. LONG NONCODING RNAS (LNCRNAS) MODULATE GENE EXPRESSION AT THE EPIGENETIC, TRANSCRIPTIONAL, AND POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL LEVELS. DYSREGULATION OF THE LNCRNA KNOWN AS MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION-ASSOCIATED TRANSCRIPT (MIAT) HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. CHAGAS DISEASE CAUSES A SEVERE INFLAMMATORY DILATED CHRONIC CARDIOMYOPATHY (CCC). WE INVESTIGATED THE ROLE OF MIAT IN CCC. A WHOLE-TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS OF HEART BIOPSY SPECIMENS AND FORMALIN-FIXED, PARAFFIN-EMBEDDED SAMPLES REVEALED THAT MIAT WAS OVEREXPRESSED IN PATIENTS WITH CCC, COMPARED WITH SUBJECTS WITH NONINFLAMMATORY DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY AND CONTROLS. THESE RESULTS WERE CONFIRMED IN A MOUSE MODEL. RESULTS SUGGEST THAT MIAT IS A SPECIFIC BIOMARKER OF CCC.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
19   812  38 CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION PROFILES OF MYALGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS/CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME PATIENTS REFLECT SYSTEMIC DYSFUNCTIONS. BACKGROUND: MYALGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS/CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME (ME/CFS) IS A LIFELONG DEBILITATING DISEASE WITH A COMPLEX PATHOLOGY NOT YET CLEARLY DEFINED. SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ME/CFS INVOLVES GENETIC PREDISPOSITION AND EXPOSURE TO ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, SUGGESTING AN EPIGENETIC ASSOCIATION. EPIGENETIC STUDIES WITH OTHER ME/CFS COHORTS HAVE USED ARRAY-BASED TECHNOLOGY TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED INDIVIDUAL SITES. CHANGES IN RNA QUANTITIES AND PROTEIN ABUNDANCE HAVE BEEN DOCUMENTED IN OUR PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS WITH THE SAME ME/CFS COHORT USED FOR THIS STUDY. RESULTS: DNA FROM A WELL-CHARACTERISED NEW ZEALAND COHORT OF 10 ME/CFS PATIENTS AND 10 AGE-/SEX-MATCHED HEALTHY CONTROLS WAS ISOLATED FROM PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR (PBMC) CELLS, AND USED TO GENERATE REDUCED GENOME-SCALE DNA METHYLATION MAPS USING REDUCED REPRESENTATION BISULPHITE SEQUENCING (RRBS). THE SEQUENCING DATA WERE ANALYSED UTILISING THE DMAP ANALYSIS PIPELINE TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED FRAGMENTS, AND THE METHYLKIT PIPELINE WAS USED TO QUANTIFY METHYLATION DIFFERENCES AT INDIVIDUAL CPG SITES. DMAP IDENTIFIED 76 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED FRAGMENTS AND METHYLKIT IDENTIFIED 394 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CYTOSINES THAT INCLUDED BOTH HYPER- AND HYPO-METHYLATION. FOUR CLUSTERS WERE IDENTIFIED WHERE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED DNA FRAGMENTS OVERLAPPED WITH OR WERE WITHIN CLOSE PROXIMITY TO MULTIPLE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED INDIVIDUAL CYTOSINES. THESE CLUSTERS IDENTIFIED REGULATORY REGIONS FOR 17 PROTEIN ENCODING GENES RELATED TO METABOLIC AND IMMUNE ACTIVITY. ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED GENE BODIES (EXONS/INTRONS) IDENTIFIED 122 UNIQUE GENES. COMPARISON WITH OTHER STUDIES ON PBMCS FROM ME/CFS PATIENTS AND CONTROLS WITH ARRAY TECHNOLOGY SHOWED 59% OF THE GENES IDENTIFIED IN THIS STUDY WERE ALSO FOUND IN ONE OR MORE OF THESE STUDIES. FUNCTIONAL PATHWAY ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS IDENTIFIED 30 ASSOCIATED PATHWAYS. THESE INCLUDED IMMUNE, METABOLIC AND NEUROLOGICAL-RELATED FUNCTIONS DIFFERENTIALLY REGULATED IN ME/CFS PATIENTS COMPARED TO THE MATCHED HEALTHY CONTROLS. CONCLUSIONS: MAJOR DIFFERENCES WERE IDENTIFIED IN THE DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS OF ME/CFS PATIENTS THAT CLEARLY DISTINGUISHED THEM FROM THE HEALTHY CONTROLS. OVER HALF FOUND IN GENE BODIES WITH RRBS IN THIS STUDY HAD BEEN IDENTIFIED IN OTHER ME/CFS STUDIES USING THE SAME CELLS BUT WITH ARRAY TECHNOLOGY. WITHIN THE ENRICHED FUNCTIONAL IMMUNE, METABOLIC AND NEUROLOGICAL PATHWAYS, A NUMBER OF ENRICHED NEUROTRANSMITTER AND NEUROPEPTIDE REACTOME PATHWAYS HIGHLIGHTED A DISTURBED NEUROLOGICAL PATHOPHYSIOLOGY WITHIN THE PATIENT GROUP.	2020	

20   502  37 ASSOCIATION OF ARSENIC EXPOSURE WITH WHOLE BLOOD DNA METHYLATION: AN EPIGENOME-WIDE STUDY OF BANGLADESHI ADULTS. BACKGROUND: ARSENIC EXPOSURE AFFECTS [FORMULA: SEE TEXT] PEOPLE WORLDWIDE, INCLUDING [FORMULA: SEE TEXT] IN BANGLADESH. ARSENIC EXPOSURE INCREASES THE RISK OF CANCER AND OTHER CHRONIC DISEASES, AND ONE POTENTIAL MECHANISM OF ARSENIC TOXICITY IS EPIGENETIC DYSREGULATION. OBJECTIVE: WE ASSESSED ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ARSENIC EXPOSURE AND GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION MEASURED AT BASELINE AMONG 396 BANGLADESHI ADULTS PARTICIPATING IN THE HEALTH EFFECTS OF ARSENIC LONGITUDINAL STUDY (HEALS) WHO WERE EXPOSED BY DRINKING NATURALLY CONTAMINATED WELL WATER. METHODS: METHYLATION IN WHOLE BLOOD DNA WAS MEASURED AT [FORMULA: SEE TEXT] USING THE ILLUMINA INFINIUMMETHYLATIONEPIC (EPIC) ARRAY. TO ASSESS ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ARSENIC EXPOSURE AND CPG METHYLATION, WE USED LINEAR REGRESSION MODELS ADJUSTED FOR COVARIATES AND SURROGATE VARIABLES (SVS) (CAPTURING UNKNOWN TECHNICAL AND BIOLOGIC FACTORS). WE ATTEMPTED REPLICATION AND CONDUCTED A META-ANALYSIS USING AN INDEPENDENT DATASET OF [FORMULA: SEE TEXT] FROM 400 BANGLADESHI INDIVIDUALS WITH ARSENICAL SKIN LESIONS. RESULTS: WE IDENTIFIED 34 CPGS ASSOCIATED WITH [FORMULA: SEE TEXT] CREATININE-ADJUSTED URINARY ARSENIC [[FORMULA: SEE TEXT]]. SIXTEEN OF THESE CPGS ANNOTATED TO THE [FORMULA: SEE TEXT] ARRAY, AND 10 ASSOCIATIONS WERE REPLICATED ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]). THE TOP TWO CPGS ANNOTATED UPSTREAM OF THE ABR GENE (CG01912040, CG10003262 ). ALL URINARY ARSENIC-ASSOCIATED CPGS WERE ALSO ASSOCIATED WITH ARSENIC CONCENTRATION MEASURED IN DRINKING WATER ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]). META-ANALYSIS ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT] SAMPLES) IDENTIFIED 221 URINARY ARSENIC-ASSOCIATED CPGS ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]). THE ARSENIC-ASSOCIATED CPGS FROM THE META-ANALYSIS WERE ENRICHED IN NON-CPG ISLANDS AND SHORES ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]) AND DEPLETED IN PROMOTER REGIONS ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]). AMONG THE ARSENIC-ASSOCIATED CPGS ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]), WE OBSERVED SIGNIFICANT ENRICHMENT OF GENES ANNOTATING TO THE REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES PATHWAY, INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE, AND TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR [FORMULA: SEE TEXT] ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]) SIGNALING VIA NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPA-B ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]) HALLMARKS ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]). CONCLUSIONS: THE NOVEL AND REPLICABLE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ARSENIC EXPOSURE AND DNA METHYLATION AT SPECIFIC CPGS OBSERVED IN THIS WORK SUGGEST THAT EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS SHOULD BE FURTHER INVESTIGATED AS POTENTIAL MEDIATORS IN ARSENIC TOXICITY AND AS BIOMARKERS OF EXPOSURE AND EFFECT IN EXPOSED POPULATIONS. HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.1289/EHP3849.	2019