1  5524 90 RISKY FAMILY CLIMATES PRESAGE INCREASED CELLULAR AGING IN YOUNG ADULTHOOD. A SCIENTIFIC CONSENSUS IS EMERGING THAT CHILDREN REARED IN RISKY FAMILY CLIMATES ARE PRONE TO CHRONIC DISEASES AND PREMATURE DEATH LATER IN LIFE. FEW PROSPECTIVE DATA, HOWEVER, ARE AVAILABLE TO INFORM THE MECHANISMS OF THESE RELATIONSHIPS. IN A PROSPECTIVE STUDY INVOLVING 323 BLACK FAMILIES, WE SOUGHT TO DETERMINE WHETHER, AND HOW, CHILDHOOD RISKY FAMILY CLIMATES ARE LINKED TO A POTENTIAL RISK FACTOR FOR LATER-LIFE DISEASE: INCREASES IN CELLULAR AGING (INDEXED BY EPIGENETIC AGING). AS HYPOTHESIZED, RISKY FAMILY CLIMATES WERE ASSOCIATED WITH GREATER OUTFLOWS OF THE STRESS HORMONES EPINEPHRINE AND NOREPINEPHRINE AT AGES 19 AND 20 YEARS; THIS, IN TURN, LED TO INCREASES IN CELLULAR AGING ACROSS AGES 20-27 YEARS. IF SUSTAINED, THESE TENDENCIES MAY PLACE CHILDREN FROM RISKY FAMILY CLIMATES ON A TRAJECTORY TOWARD THE CHRONIC DISEASES OF AGING.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
2  3425 27 HUMAN SYMPATHETIC NERVE BIOLOGY: PARALLEL INFLUENCES OF STRESS AND EPIGENETICS IN ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION AND PANIC DISORDER. PATIENTS WITH PANIC DISORDER PROVIDE A CLINICAL MODEL OF STRESS. ON A "GOOD DAY," FREE FROM A PANIC ATTACK, THEY SHOW PERSISTENT STRESS-RELATED CHANGES IN SYMPATHETIC NERVE BIOLOGY, INCLUDING ABNORMAL SYMPATHETIC NERVE SINGLE-FIBER FIRING ("SALVOS" OF MULTIPLE FIRING WITHIN A CARDIAC CYCLE) AND RELEASE OF EPINEPHRINE AS A COTRANSMITTER. THE CORELEASED EPINEPHRINE PERHAPS ORIGINATES FROM IN SITU SYNTHESIS BY PHENYLETHANOLAMINE N-METHYLTRANSFERASE (PNMT). IN SEARCHING FOR BIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE THAT ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION IS CAUSED BY MENTAL STRESS--A DISPUTED PROPOSITION--WE NOTE PARALLELS WITH PANIC DISORDER, WHICH PROVIDES AN EXPLICIT CLINICAL MODEL OF STRESS: (1) THERE IS CLINICAL COMORBIDITY; PANIC DISORDER PREVALENCE IS INCREASED THREEFOLD IN ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION. (2) FOR BOTH, EPINEPHRINE COTRANSMISSION IS PRESENT IN SYMPATHETIC NERVES. (3) IN PANIC DISORDER AND ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION, BUT NOT IN HEALTH, SINGLE-FIBER SYMPATHETIC NERVE FIRING SALVOS OCCUR. (4) TISSUE NERVE GROWTH FACTOR IS INCREASED IN BOTH CONDITIONS (NERVE GROWTH FACTOR IS A STRESS REACTANT). (5) THERE IS INDUCTION OF PNMT IN SYMPATHETIC NERVES. ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION EXHIBITS A FURTHER MANIFESTATION OF MENTAL STRESS: THERE IS ACTIVATION OF NORADRENERGIC BRAIN STEM NEURONS PROJECTING TO THE HYPOTHALAMUS AND AMYGDALA. THESE PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL FINDINGS STRONGLY SUPPORT THE VIEW THAT CHRONIC MENTAL STRESS IS IMPORTANT IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION. A HYPOTHESIS NOW UNDER TEST IS WHETHER IN BOTH DISORDERS, UNDER PREVAILING CONDITIONS OF ONGOING STRESS, PNMT INDUCED IN SYMPATHETIC NERVES ACTS AS A DNA METHYLASE, CAUSING THE NOREPINEPHRINE TRANSPORTER (NET) GENE SILENCING THAT IS PRESENT IN BOTH CONDITIONS. PNMT CAN HAVE AN INTRANUCLEAR DISTRIBUTION, BINDING TO DNA. WE HAVE DEMONSTRATED THAT THE REDUCED NEURONAL NORADRENALINE REUPTAKE PRESENT IN BOTH DISORDERS DOES HAVE AN EPIGENETIC MECHANISM, WITH DEMONSTRABLE REDUCTION IN THE ABUNDANCE OF THE TRANSPORTER PROTEIN, THE NET GENE SILENCING BEING ASSOCIATED WITH DNA BINDING BY THE METHYLATION-RELATED INHIBITORY TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR MECP2.	2008	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
3  3598 16 IMPLICATIONS ON HYPNOTHERAPY: NEUROPLASTICITY, EPIGENETICS AND PAIN. WE PROVIDE A BRIEF REVIEW ABOUT THE SIGNIFICANCE OF HYPNOSIS WITH RESPECT TO APPLICATIONS AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN HYPNOTHERAPY. OUR REVIEW CONCLUDES THAT HYPNOSIS IS A PROMISING METHOD TO MANAGE ACUTE AND CHRONIC PAIN. IN ADDITION, WE DISCUSS INDICATIONS POINTING TOWARD THE VIEW THAT HYPNOSIS CAN INDUCE CHANGES IN NEUROPLASTICITY POSSIBLY INVOLVING EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
4  3236 21 HEN EGG LYSOZYME ALLEVIATES STATIC MECHANICAL PAIN VIA NRF1-PARKIN-TACAN SIGNALING AXIS IN SENSORY NEURONS. MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA IMPINGES ON THE LIFE QUALITY OF PATIENTS. HEN EGG LYSOZYME (HEL) IS A SUBSTANCE EXTRACTED FROM EGGS THAT IS COMMONLY USED TO INHIBIT BACTERIAL ACTIVITY. THE ROLE OF HEL IN REGULATING AND TREATING PAIN IS UNCLEAR. HERE, WE FIND THAT HEL SELECTIVELY ATTENUATES STATIC MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA OF MICE INDUCED BY COMPLETE FREUND'S ADJUVANT (CFA), SPINAL NERVE LIGATION (SNL) AND CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENT. RNA-SEQ SCREENING REVEALS THAT CFA SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCES THE EXPRESSION OF PARKIN IN DORSAL ROOT GANGLION (DRG) NEURONS OF MICE, WHILE PRE-ADMINISTRATION OF HEL INCREASES THE EXPRESSION OF PARKIN AND REMITS THE STATIC MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA INDUCED BY PARKIN-SIRNA. MOREOVER, HEL INCREASES THE INTERACTION BETWEEN NUCLEAR RESPIRATORY FACTOR 1 (NRF1) AND HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE P300 AND THEN ENHANCES THE NRF1 MEDIATED HISTONE ACETYLATION IN PRKN PROMOTER REGION IN DRGS OF MICE. FURTHER, PARKIN INTERACTS WITH MECHANOTRANSDUCING ION CHANNEL TACAN (TMEM120A) AND KNOCKDOWN OF PARKIN SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASES THE MEMBRANE TRAFFICKING OF TACAN IN SENSORY NEURONS OF MICE. WHILE PRE-ADMINISTRATION OF HEL INHIBITS THE INCREASED MEMBRANE TRAFFICKING OF TACAN IN SENSORY NEURONS OF MICE INDUCED BY PARKIN-SIRNA. IN ADDITION, PRE-GIVEN OF HEL ALSO SIGNIFICANTLY ATTENUATES THE STATIC MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA INDUCED BY OVEREXPRESSION OF TACAN IN MICE, AND THE EFFECT OF HEL CAN BE BLOCKED BY PARKIN-SIRNA. THIS INDICATES THAT HEL INCREASES THE EXPRESSION OF PARKIN THROUGH EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS AND THEN DECREASES TACAN MEMBRANE TRAFFICKING IN SENSORY NEURONS TO RELIEVE STATIC MECHANICAL HYPERSENSITIVITY. THEREFORE, WE REVEAL A NOVEL FUNCTION OF HEL, WHICH IS A POTENTIAL SUBSTANCE FOR THE TREATMENT OF STATIC MECHANICAL PAIN.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
5   608 21 BEYOND HOMEOSTASIS: UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS ON APPETITE USING NONHUMAN PRIMATE MODELS. ANIMAL MODELS HAVE PROVEN TO BE EXCEPTIONALLY INFORMATIVE IN DEFINING NEUROPEPTIDE REGULATION OF APPETITE AND ENERGY HOMEOSTASIS (GAO AND HORVATH 2007, BERTHOUD 2012, WILLIAMS AND ELMQUIST 2012). MORE RECENT STUDIES USING A RANGE OF ANIMAL MODELS AND MOLECULAR TOOLS ARE ELUCIDATING HOW EPIGENETIC CHANGES RESULTING FROM SPECIFIC PRENATAL AND POSTNATAL DIETARY ENVIRONMENTS OR EXPERIENCES AFFECT METABOLIC PROCESSES AND APPETITE REGULATION (LEVIN 2008, ZAMBRANO AND NATHANIELSZ 2013, BURDGE AND LILLYCROP 2014). TAKEN TOGETHER, THESE APPROACHES ARE HELPING TO DEFINE POSSIBLE TREATMENT INTERVENTIONS FOR EATING DISORDERS IN PEOPLE (CASPER, SULLIVAN, AND TECOTT 2008, FOLTIN 2012, VAN GESTEL ET AL. 2014, LUTTER, CROGHAN, AND CUI 2016). THE CHOICE OF ANIMAL USED IS BEST DICTATED BY THE QUESTION BEING ADDRESSED. BECAUSE OF SIMILARITIES IN PHYSIOLOGY AND NEUROBIOLOGY, STUDIES OF CAPTIVE NONHUMAN PRIMATES HAVE BEGUN TO CONTRIBUTE SIGNIFICANTLY TO OUR UNDERSTANDING OF APPETITE REGULATION (SEE WILSON ET AL. 2014 FOR A REVIEW). IMPORTANTLY, THE USE OF NONHUMAN PRIMATE MODELS PROVIDES THE UNIQUE OPPORTUNITY TO EXTEND ANALYSES BEYOND A FOCUS ON THE HOMEOSTATIC REGULATION OF APPETITE. THIS IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT GIVEN THE WELL-ESTABLISHED NOTION THAT A NUMBER OF PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS INFLUENCE FOOD INTAKE IN PEOPLE (BRUCE AND RICCIARDELLI 2015), INCLUDING CHRONIC STRESSOR EXPOSURE (TSENKOVA, BOYLAN, AND RYFF 2013), EVEN IN CHILDREN (NGUYEN-RODRIGUEZ, UNGER, AND SPRUIJT-METZ 2009). WHILE THE IMPORTANCE OF PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS CAN BE MODELED IN NONPRIMATE ANIMALS (TAMASHIRO, HEGEMAN, AND SAKAI 2006), SOCIALLY HOUSED NONHUMAN PRIMATES SHARE MANY CHARACTERISTICS IN ADDITION TO PHYSIOLOGY AND NEUROBIOLOGY, WITH HUMANS INCREASING THE TRANSLATIONAL VALUE OF THESE PRE-CLINICAL STUDIES.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
6  2796 19 FBW7 MEDIATES SENESCENCE AND PULMONARY FIBROSIS THROUGH TELOMERE UNCAPPING. TISSUE STEM CELLS UNDERGO PREMATURE SENESCENCE UNDER STRESS, PROMOTING AGE-RELATED DISEASES; HOWEVER, THE ASSOCIATED MECHANISMS REMAIN UNCLEAR. HERE, WE REPORT THAT IN RESPONSE TO RADIATION, OXIDATIVE STRESS, OR BLEOMYCIN, THE E3 UBIQUITIN LIGASE FBW7 MEDIATES CELL SENESCENCE AND TISSUE FIBROSIS THROUGH TELOMERE UNCAPPING. FBW7 BINDING TO TELOMERE PROTECTION PROTEIN 1 (TPP1) FACILITATES TPP1 MULTISITE POLYUBIQUITINATION AND ACCELERATES DEGRADATION, TRIGGERING TELOMERE UNCAPPING AND DNA DAMAGE RESPONSE. OVEREXPRESSING TPP1 OR INHIBITING FBW7 BY GENETIC ABLATION, EPIGENETIC INTERFERENCE, OR PEPTIDOMIMETIC TELOMERE DYSFUNCTION INHIBITOR (TELODIN) REDUCES TELOMERE UNCAPPING AND SHORTENING, EXPANDING THE PULMONARY ALVEOLAR AEC2 STEM CELL POPULATION IN MICE. TELODIN, SYNTHESIZED FROM THE SEVENTH BETA STRAND BLADE OF FBW7 WD40 PROPELLER DOMAIN, INCREASES TPP1 STABILITY, LUNG RESPIRATORY FUNCTION, AND RESISTANCE TO SENESCENCE AND FIBROSIS IN ANIMALS CHRONICALLY EXPOSED TO ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS. OUR FINDINGS ELUCIDATE A PIVOTAL MECHANISM UNDERLYING STRESS-INDUCED PULMONARY EPITHELIAL STEM CELL SENESCENCE AND FIBROSIS, PROVIDING A FRAMEWORK FOR AGING-RELATED DISORDER INTERVENTIONS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
7  4912 24 PAIN INTERFERENCE MEDIATES THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN EPIGENETIC AGING AND GRIP STRENGTH IN MIDDLE TO OLDER AGED MALES AND FEMALES WITH CHRONIC PAIN. INTRODUCTION: CHRONIC PAIN IS ONE OF THE LEADING CAUSES OF DISABILITY THAT MAY ACCELERATE BIOLOGICAL AGING AND REDUCE PHYSICAL FUNCTION. EPIGENETIC CLOCKS PROVIDE AN ESTIMATE OF HOW THE SYSTEM AGES AND CAN PREDICT HEALTH OUTCOMES SUCH AS PHYSICAL FUNCTION. PHYSICAL FUNCTION DECLINES MAY BE ATTRIBUTED TO DECREASES IN MUSCLE QUALITY DUE TO DISUSE THAT CAN BE MEASURED QUICKLY AND NONINVASIVELY USING GRIP STRENGTH. THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO EXPLORE THE ASSOCIATIONS AMONG SELF-REPORTED PAIN, GRIP STRENGTH, AND EPIGENETIC AGING IN THOSE WITH CHRONIC PAIN. METHODS: PARTICIPANTS (57.91 +/- 8.04 YEARS) COMPLETED PAIN QUESTIONNAIRES, A BLOOD DRAW AND HAND GRIP STRENGTH TASK. WE USED AN EPIGENETIC CLOCK PREVIOUSLY ASSOCIATED WITH KNEE PAIN (DNAMGRIMAGE), AND USED THE SUBSEQUENT DIFFERENCE OF PREDICTED EPIGENETIC AGE FROM CHRONOLOGICAL AGE (DNAMGRIMAGE-DIFFERENCE). RESULTS: EXPLORATORY PATHWAY ANALYSES REVEALED THAT PAIN INTENSITY MEDIATED THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN DNAMGRIMAGE-DIFFERENCE AND HANDGRIP STRENGTH IN MALES ONLY (BETA = -0.1115; CI [-0.2929, -0.0008]) AND PAIN INTERFERENCE MEDIATED THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN DNAMGRIMAGE-DIFFERENCE AND HANDGRIP STRENGTH IN MALES BETA = -0.1401; CI [-0.3400, -0.0222]), AND FEMALES (BETA = -0.024; CI [-0.2918, -0.0020]). DISCUSSION: CHRONIC KNEE PAIN MAY ACCELERATE EPIGENETIC AGING PROCESSES THAT MAY INFLUENCE HANDGRIP STRENGTH IN OLDER AGE ADULTS. CHRONIC PAIN COULD BE A SYMPTOM OF THE AGING BODY THUS CONTRIBUTING TO DECLINES IN MUSCULOSKELETAL FUNCTION IN LATER LIFE.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
8  4032 23 M344 PROMOTES NONAMYLOIDOGENIC AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN PROCESSING WHILE NORMALIZING ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE GENES AND IMPROVING MEMORY. ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) COMPRISES MULTIFACTORIAL AILMENTS FOR WHICH CURRENT THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES REMAIN INSUFFICIENT TO BROADLY ADDRESS THE UNDERLYING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. EPIGENETIC GENE REGULATION RELIES UPON MULTIFACTORIAL PROCESSES THAT REGULATE MULTIPLE GENE AND PROTEIN PATHWAYS, INCLUDING THOSE INVOLVED IN AD. WE THEREFORE TOOK AN EPIGENETIC APPROACH WHERE A SINGLE DRUG WOULD SIMULTANEOUSLY AFFECT THE EXPRESSION OF A NUMBER OF DEFINED AD-RELATED TARGETS. WE SHOW THAT THE SMALL-MOLECULE HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR M344 REDUCES BETA-AMYLOID (ABETA), REDUCES TAU SER(396) PHOSPHORYLATION, AND DECREASES BOTH BETA-SECRETASE (BACE) AND APOEEPSILON4 GENE EXPRESSION. M344 INCREASES THE EXPRESSION OF AD-RELEVANT GENES: BDNF, ALPHA-SECRETASE (ADAM10), MINT2, FE65, REST, SIRT1, BIN1, AND ABCA7, AMONG OTHERS. M344 INCREASES SAPPALPHA AND CTFALPHA APP METABOLITE PRODUCTION, BOTH CLEAVAGE PRODUCTS OF ADAM10, CONCORDANT WITH INCREASED ADAM10 GENE EXPRESSION. M344 ALSO INCREASES LEVELS OF IMMATURE APP, SUPPORTING AN EFFECT ON APP TRAFFICKING, CONCURRENT WITH THE OBSERVED INCREASE IN MINT2 AND FE65, BOTH SHOWN TO INCREASE IMMATURE APP IN THE EARLY SECRETORY PATHWAY. CHRONIC I.P. TREATMENT OF THE TRIPLE TRANSGENIC (APP(SW)/PS1(M146V)/TAU(P301L)) MICE WITH M344, AT DOSES AS LOW AS 3 MG/KG, SIGNIFICANTLY PREVENTED COGNITIVE DECLINE EVALUATED BY Y-MAZE SPONTANEOUS ALTERNATION, NOVEL OBJECT RECOGNITION, AND BARNES MAZE SPATIAL MEMORY TESTS. M344 DISPLAYS SHORT BRAIN EXPOSURE, INDICATING THAT BRIEF PULSES OF DAILY DRUG TREATMENT MAY BE SUFFICIENT FOR LONG-TERM EFFICACY. TOGETHER, THESE DATA SHOW THAT M344 NORMALIZES SEVERAL DISPARATE PATHOGENIC PATHWAYS RELATED TO AD. M344 THEREFORE SERVES AS AN EXAMPLE OF HOW A MULTITARGETING COMPOUND COULD BE USED TO ADDRESS THE POLYGENIC NATURE OF MULTIFACTORIAL DISEASES.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
9   582 19 BEHAVIORAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC KAVA EXPOSURE IN ADULT ZEBRAFISH. KAVA KAVA (PIPER METHYSTICUM) IS A MEDICINAL PLANT CONTAINING KAVALACTONES THAT EXERT POTENT SEDATIVE, ANALGESIC AND ANTI-STRESS ACTION. HOWEVER, THEIR PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND MOLECULAR TARGETS REMAIN POORLY UNDERSTOOD. THE ZEBRAFISH (DANIO RERIO) HAS RECENTLY EMERGED AS A POWERFUL NEW MODEL ORGANISM FOR NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH AND DRUG DISCOVERY. HERE, WE EVALUATE THE EFFECTS OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO KAVA AND KAVALACTONES ON ADULT ZEBRAFISH ANXIETY, AGGRESSION AND SOCIALITY, AS WELL AS ON THEIR NEUROCHEMICAL, NEUROENDOCRINE AND GENOMIC RESPONSES. SUPPORTING EVOLUTIONARILY CONSERVED MOLECULAR TARGETS, ACUTE KAVA AND KAVALACTONES EVOKED DOSE-DEPENDENT BEHAVIORAL INHIBITION, UPREGULATED BRAIN EXPRESSION OF EARLY PROTOONCOGENES C-FOS AND C-JUN, ELEVATED BRAIN MONOAMINES AND LOWERED WHOLE-BODY CORTISOL. CHRONIC 7-DAY KAVA EXPOSURE EVOKED SIMILAR BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS, DID NOT ALTER CORTISOL LEVELS, AND FAILED TO EVOKE WITHDRAWAL-LIKE STATES UPON DISCONTINUATION. HOWEVER, CHRONIC KAVA UPREGULATED SEVERAL MICROGLIAL (INOS, EGR-2, CD11B), ASTROCYTAL (C3, C4B, S100A), EPIGENETIC (NCOA-1) AND PRO-INFLAMMATORY (IL-1BETA, IL-6, TNFA) BIOMARKER GENES, DOWNREGULATED CD206 AND IL-4, AND DID NOT AFFECT MAJOR APOPTOTIC GENES IN THE BRAIN. COLLECTIVELY, THIS STUDY SUPPORTS ROBUST, EVOLUTIONARILY CONSERVED BEHAVIORAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF KAVA AND KAVALACTONES IN ZEBRAFISH, IMPLICATES BRAIN MONOAMINES IN THEIR ACUTE EFFECTS, AND PROVIDES NOVEL IMPORTANT INSIGHTS INTO POTENTIAL ROLE OF NEUROGLIAL AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN LONG-TERM KAVA USE.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
10   681 29 BRAIN LIPOTOXICITY OF PHYTANIC ACID AND VERY LONG-CHAIN FATTY ACIDS. HARMFUL CELLULAR/MITOCHONDRIAL ACTIVITIES IN REFSUM DISEASE AND X-LINKED ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY. IT IS INCREASINGLY UNDERSTOOD THAT IN THE AGING BRAIN, ESPECIALLY IN THE CASE OF PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES, SOME FATTY ACIDS AT PATHOLOGICALLY HIGH CONCENTRATIONS EXERT DETRIMENTAL ACTIVITIES. TO STUDY SUCH ACTIVITIES, WE HERE ANALYZE GENETIC DISEASES, WHICH ARE DUE TO COMPROMISED METABOLISM OF SPECIFIC FATTY ACIDS, EITHER THE BRANCHED-CHAIN PHYTANIC ACID OR VERY LONG-CHAIN FATTY ACIDS (VLCFAS). MICROMOLAR CONCENTRATIONS OF PHYTANIC ACID OR OF VLCFAS DISTURB THE INTEGRITY OF NEURAL CELLS BY IMPAIRING CA(2+) HOMEOSTASIS, ENHANCING OXIDATIVE STRESS OR DE-ENERGIZING MITOCHONDRIA. FINALLY, THESE COMBINED HARMFUL ACTIVITIES ACCELERATE CELL DEATH. MITOCHONDRIA ARE MORE SEVERELY TARGETED BY PHYTANIC ACID THAN BY VLCFAS. THE INSERTION OF VLCFAS INTO THE INNER MEMBRANE DISTORTS THE ARRANGEMENT OF MEMBRANE CONSTITUENTS AND THEIR FUNCTIONAL INTERACTIONS. PHYTANIC ACID EXERTS SPECIFIC PROTONOPHORIC ACTIVITY, INDUCES REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES (ROS) GENERATION, AND REDUCES ATP GENERATION. A CLEAR INHIBITION OF THE NA(+), K(+)-ATPASE ACTIVITY BY PHYTANIC ACID HAS ALSO BEEN REPORTED. IN ADDITION TO THE INSTANTANEOUS EFFECTS, A CHRONIC EXPOSURE OF BRAIN CELLS TO LOW MICROMOLAR CONCENTRATIONS OF PHYTANIC ACID MAY PRODUCE NEURONAL DAMAGE IN REFSUM DISEASE BY ALTERING EPIGENETIC TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION. MYELIN-PRODUCING OLIGODENDROCYTES RESPOND WITH PARTICULAR SENSITIVITY TO VLCFAS. DELETERIOUS ACTIVITY OF VLCFAS ON ENERGY-DEPENDENT MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTIONS DECLINES WITH INCREASING THE HYDROCARBON CHAIN LENGTH (C22:0 > C24:0 > C26:0). IN CONTRAST, THE REVERSE SEQUENCE HOLDS TRUE FOR CELL DEATH INDUCTION BY VLCFAS (C22:0 < C24:0 < C26:0). IN ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY, THE UPTAKE OF VLCFAS BY PEROXISOMES IS IMPAIRED BY DEFECTS OF THE ABCD1 TRANSPORTER. STUDYING MITOCHONDRIA FROM ABCD1-DEFICIENT AND WILD-TYPE MICE PROVES THAT THE ENERGY-DEPENDENT FUNCTIONS ARE NOT ALTERED IN THE DISEASE MODEL. THUS, A DEFECTIVE ABCD1 APPARENTLY EXERTS NO OBVIOUS ADAPTIVE PRESSURE ON MITOCHONDRIA. FURTHER RESEARCH HAS TO ELUCIDATE THE DETAILED MECHANISTIC BASIS FOR THE FAILURES CAUSING FATTY ACID-MEDIATED NEURODEGENERATION AND SHOULD HELP TO PROVIDE POSSIBLE THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
11  1963 25 EPIGENETIC AGING MEDIATES THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PAIN IMPACT AND BRAIN AGING IN MIDDLE TO OLDER AGE INDIVIDUALS WITH KNEE PAIN. CHRONIC MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN IS A HEALTH BURDEN THAT MAY ACCELERATE THE AGING PROCESS. ACCELERATED BRAIN AGING AND EPIGENETIC AGING HAVE SEPARATELY BEEN OBSERVED IN THOSE WITH CHRONIC PAIN. HOWEVER, IT IS UNKNOWN WHETHER THESE BIOLOGICAL MARKERS OF AGING ARE ASSOCIATED WITH EACH OTHER IN THOSE WITH CHRONIC PAIN. WE AIMED TO EXPLORE THE ASSOCIATION OF EPIGENETIC AGING AND BRAIN AGING IN MIDDLE-TO-OLDER AGE INDIVIDUALS WITH VARYING DEGREES OF KNEE PAIN. PARTICIPANTS (57.91 +/- 8.04 Y) WITH LOW IMPACT KNEE PAIN (N = 95), HIGH IMPACT KNEE PAIN (N = 53), AND PAIN-FREE CONTROLS (N = 26) COMPLETED SELF-REPORTED PAIN, A BLOOD DRAW, AND AN MRI SCAN. WE USED AN EPIGENETIC CLOCK PREVIOUSLY ASSOCIATED WITH KNEE PAIN (DNAMGRIMAGE), THE SUBSEQUENT DIFFERENCE OF PREDICTED EPIGENETIC AND BRAIN AGE FROM CHRONOLOGICAL AGE (DNAMGRIMAGE-DIFFERENCE AND BRAIN-PAD, RESPECTIVELY). THERE WAS A SIGNIFICANT MAIN EFFECT FOR PAIN IMPACT GROUP (F (2,167) = 3.847, P = 0.023, ROTATIONAL ENERGY = 1 / 2IOMEGA2 = 0.038, ANCOVA) ON BRAIN-PAD AND DNAMGRIMAGE-DIFFERENCE (F (2,167) = 6.800, P = 0.001, I = MK2 = 0.075, ANCOVA) AFTER CONTROLLING FOR COVARIATES. DNAMGRIMAGE-DIFFERENCE AND BRAIN-PAD WERE MODESTLY CORRELATED (R =0.198; P =0.010). EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT DNAMGRIMAGE-DIFFERENCE MEDIATED GCPS PAIN IMPACT, GCPS PAIN SEVERITY, AND PAIN-RELATED DISABILITY SCORES ON BRAIN-PAD. BASED UPON THE CURRENT STUDY FINDINGS, WE SUGGEST THAT PAIN COULD BE A DRIVER FOR ACCELERATED BRAIN AGING VIA EPIGENOME INTERACTIONS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
12  1714 25 DYSLEXIA AS AN ADAPTATION TO CORTICO-LIMBIC STRESS SYSTEM REACTIVITY. A NEW SCHOOL OF THOUGHT IN EVOLUTIONARY DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY, COMBINED WITH RESEARCH IN THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF STRESS, SUGGEST THAT EARLY EXPOSURE TO STRESSFUL CIRCUMSTANCES MAY BE A CAUSE OF DYSLEXIA. A BALANCE BETWEEN EPIGENETIC, STRESS-INDUCED AND COGNITIVE-GROWTH GENETIC PROGRAMS MODULATES THE BRAIN'S CELLULAR, REGIONAL, AND NETWORK HOMEOSTASIS. THIS BALANCE IS ESSENTIAL FOR ADAPTABILITY TO THE NORMATIVE RANGE OF EVERYDAY STRESS. HOWEVER, EVEN MILD CHRONIC STRESS EXPOSITION MAY OVERACTIVATE THE HYPOTHALMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL STRESS AXIS, UPSETTING THE HOMEOSTATIC BALANCE BETWEEN THESE PROGRAMS, AND EXPOSING THE BRAIN TO HARMFUL LEVELS OF STRESS HORMONES. A PROTECTIVE STRATEGY TO SUSTAINED DISEQUILIBRIUM PRECOCIOUSLY ADVANCES MATURATION AT THE COST OF NEUROPLASTICITY, WHICH BLUNTS STRESS AXIS REACTIVITY BUT ALSO COMPROMISES LEARNING POTENTIAL IN THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX AND NETWORKS ASSOCIATED WITH DYSLEXIA. STRESS EXCEEDING AN INDIVIDUAL'S RANGE OF RESILIENCE: (1) REDUCES LEVELS OF TFEB AND BDNF, GENE REGULATORY FACTORS PROLONGING MATURATION AND NEUROPLASTICITY; (2) INTERFERES WITH THE INSULAR CORTEX, AMYGDALA AND HIPPOCAMPUS IN COORDINATING AFFERENT VISCERAL SIGNALS WITH COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE; (3) OVER-RECRUITS THE BRAIN'S DEFAULT MODE NETWORK; AND (4) AMPLIFIES RELEASE FROM THE LOCUS COERULEUS/NOREPINEPHRINE SYSTEM WHICH IMPAIRS THE ENTRAINMENT OF OSCILLATIONS IN THE LOWER PHONOLOGICAL FREQUENCIES OF SPEECH. EVIDENCE SUPPORTING A STRESS-GROWTH IMBALANCE IS PRELIMINARY, BUT HOLDS PROMISE FOR RECONCEPTUALIZING THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF DYSLEXIA AND REDUCING ITS PREVALENCE.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
13  4492 24 MONOZYGOTIC TWINS DISCORDANT FOR ROHHAD PHENOTYPE. RAPID-ONSET OBESITY WITH HYPOTHALAMIC DYSFUNCTION, HYPOVENTILATION, AND AUTONOMIC DYSREGULATION (ROHHAD) FALLS WITHIN A GROUP OF PEDIATRIC DISORDERS WITH BOTH RESPIRATORY CONTROL AND AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM DYSREGULATION. CHILDREN WITH ROHHAD TYPICALLY PRESENT AFTER 1.5 YEARS OF AGE WITH RAPID WEIGHT GAIN AS THE INITIAL SIGN. SUBSEQUENTLY, THEY DEVELOP ALVEOLAR HYPOVENTILATION, AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM DYSREGULATION, AND, IF UNTREATED, CARDIORESPIRATORY ARREST. TO OUR KNOWLEDGE, THIS IS THE FIRST REPORT OF DISCORDANT PRESENTATION OF ROHHAD IN MONOZYGOTIC TWINS. TWIN GIRLS, BORN AT TERM, HAD CONCORDANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT UNTIL 8 YEARS OF AGE. FROM 8 TO 12 YEARS OF AGE, THE AFFECTED TWIN DEVELOPED FEATURES CHARACTERISTIC OF ROHHAD INCLUDING OBESITY, ALVEOLAR HYPOVENTILATION, SCOLIOSIS, HYPOTHALAMIC DYSFUNCTION (CENTRAL DIABETES INSIPIDUS, HYPOTHYROIDISM, PREMATURE PUBARCHE, AND GROWTH HORMONE DEFICIENCY), RIGHT PARASPINAL/THORACIC GANGLIONEUROBLASTOMA, SEIZURES, AND AUTONOMIC DYSREGULATION INCLUDING ALTERED PAIN PERCEPTION, LARGE AND SLUGGISHLY REACTIVE PUPILS, HYPOTHERMIA, AND PROFOUND BRADYCARDIA THAT REQUIRED A CARDIAC PACEMAKER. RESULTS OF GENETIC TESTING FOR PHOX2B (CONGENITAL CENTRAL HYPOVENTILATION SYNDROME DISEASE-DEFINING GENE) MUTATIONS WERE NEGATIVE. WITH EARLY RECOGNITION AND CONSERVATIVE MANAGEMENT, THE AFFECTED TWIN HAD EXCELLENT NEUROCOGNITIVE OUTCOME THAT MATCHED THAT OF THE UNAFFECTED TWIN. THE UNAFFECTED TWIN DEMONSTRATED RAPID WEIGHT GAIN LATER IN AGE BUT NOT DEVELOPMENT OF SIGNS/SYMPTOMS CONSISTENT WITH ROHHAD. THIS DISCORDANT TWIN PAIR DEMONSTRATES KEY FEATURES OF ROHHAD INCLUDING THE IMPORTANCE OF EARLY RECOGNITION (ESPECIALLY HYPOVENTILATION), COMPLEXITY OF SIGNS/SYMPTOMS AND CLINICAL COURSE, AND IMPORTANCE OF INITIATING COMPREHENSIVE, MULTISPECIALTY CARE. THESE CASES CONFOUND THE HYPOTHESIS OF A MONOGENIC ETIOLOGY FOR ROHHAD AND INDICATE ALTERNATIVE ETIOLOGIES INCLUDING AUTOIMMUNE OR EPIGENETIC PHENOMENON OR A COMBINATION OF GENETIC PREDISPOSITION AND ACQUIRED PRECIPITANT.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
14  5170 25 PREDATION RISK DETERMINES PIGMENTATION PHENOTYPE IN NUTHATCHES BY MELANIN-RELATED GENE EXPRESSION EFFECTS. PIGMENTS DETERMINE THE APPEARANCE OF ORGANISMS. HOWEVER, PIGMENT PRODUCTION CAN BE ASSOCIATED WITH PHYSIOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS AS IN THE CASE OF PHEOMELANIN, THE SULPHURATED FORM OF MELANIN WHOSE SYNTHESIS IN MELANOCYTES CONSUMES CYSTEINE AND CONSEQUENTLY REDUCES THE AVAILABILITY OF GLUTATHIONE (GSH) TO EXERT ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION. PHEOMELANOGENESIS MAY THUS INCREASE THE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO SUFFER CHRONIC OXIDATIVE STRESS. I INVESTIGATED THE POSSIBILITY THAT ENVIRONMENTAL LABILITY IN THE EXPRESSION OF GENES REGULATING PHEOMELANOGENESIS PROTECTS FROM OXIDATIVE STRESS, A SITUATION IN WHICH GSH IS MOST REQUIRED. BY BROADCASTING ADULT ALARM CALLS, I MANIPULATED THE PERCEPTION OF PREDATION RISK, A NATURAL SOURCE OF OXIDATIVE STRESS, IN FREE-LIVING EURASIAN NUTHATCH SITTA EUROPAEA NESTLINGS DEVELOPING PHEOMELANIN-PIGMENTED FLANK FEATHERS. THE MANIPULATION AFFECTED THE CONSUMPTION OF GSH THAT RESULTED FROM THE EXPRESSION OF TWO GENES (SLC7A11 AND SLC45A2) INFLUENCING CYSTEINE/GSH AVAILABILITY IN CELLS, AS THESE GENES WERE DOWN-REGULATED IN THE FEATHER MELANOCYTES OF THE NESTLINGS WITH LOWEST INTRACELLULAR ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY (I.E. LOWEST GSH LEVELS). SYSTEMIC OXIDATIVE DAMAGE INCREASED WITH SLC7A11 EXPRESSION IN FEATHER MELANOCYTES, SUGGESTING THAT THE OBSERVED DOWN-REGULATION WAS PHYSIOLOGICALLY ADVANTAGEOUS. THE NESTLINGS EXPOSED TO AN INCREASED PERCEPTION OF PREDATION RISK DEVELOPED FLANK FEATHERS OF REDUCED COLOUR INTENSITY. THESE RESULTS INDICATE THAT PERCEIVED PREDATION RISK CAN DETERMINE THE PIGMENTATION PHENOTYPE BY (PROBABLY EPIGENETIC) EFFECTS ON GENE EXPRESSION THAT PROTECT FROM PHYSIOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS IMPOSED BY PHEOMELANIN PRODUCTION.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
15  6049 20 THE CONCURRENT DECLINE OF SOIL LEAD AND CHILDREN'S BLOOD LEAD IN NEW ORLEANS. LEAD (PB) IS EXTREMELY TOXIC AND A MAJOR CAUSE OF CHRONIC DISEASES WORLDWIDE. PB IS ASSOCIATED WITH HEALTH DISPARITIES, PARTICULARLY WITHIN LOW-INCOME POPULATIONS. IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS, PB MIMICS CALCIUM AND, AMONG OTHER EFFECTS, INTERRUPTS CELL SIGNALING. FURTHERMORE, PB EXPOSURE RESULTS IN EPIGENETIC CHANGES THAT AFFECT MULTIGENERATIONAL GENE EXPRESSION. EXPOSURE TO PB HAS DECREASED THROUGH PRIMARY PREVENTION, INCLUDING REMOVAL OF PB SOLDER FROM CANNED FOOD, REGULATING LEAD-BASED PAINT, AND ESPECIALLY ELIMINATING PB ADDITIVES IN GASOLINE. WHILE RESEARCHERS OBSERVE A CONTINUOUS DECLINE IN CHILDREN'S BLOOD LEAD (BPB), RESERVOIRS OF EXPOSURE PERSIST IN TOPSOIL, WHICH STORES THE LEGACY DUST FROM LEADED GASOLINE AND OTHER SOURCES. OUR SURVEYS OF METROPOLITAN NEW ORLEANS REVEAL THAT MEDIAN TOPSOIL PB IN COMMUNITIES (N = 274) DECREASED 44% FROM 99 MG/KG TO 54 MG/KG (P VALUE OF 2.09 X 10(-08)), WITH A MEDIAN DEPLETION RATE OF APPROXIMATELY 2.4 MG?KG?Y(-1) OVER 15 Y. FROM 2000 THROUGH 2005 TO 2011 THROUGH 2016, CHILDREN'S BPB DECLINED FROM 3.6 MUG/DL TO 1.2 MUG/DL OR 64% (P VALUE OF 2.02 X 10(-85)), A DECREASE OF APPROXIMATELY 0.2 MUG?DL?Y(-1) DURING A MEDIAN OF 12 Y. HERE, WE EXPLORE THE DECLINE OF CHILDREN'S BPB BY EXAMINING A METABOLISM OF CITIES FRAMEWORK OF INPUTS, TRANSFORMATIONS, STORAGES, AND OUTPUTS. OUR FINDINGS INDICATE THAT DECREASING PB IN TOPSOIL IS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR IN THE CONTINUOUS DECLINE OF CHILDREN'S BPB. SIMILAR REDUCTIONS ARE EXPECTED IN OTHER MAJOR US CITIES. THE MOST CONTAMINATED URBAN COMMUNITIES, USUALLY INHABITED BY VULNERABLE POPULATIONS, REQUIRE FURTHER REDUCTIONS OF TOPSOIL PB TO FULFILL PRIMARY PREVENTION FOR THE NATION'S CHILDREN.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
16  5814 18 STRESS AND FELINE HEALTH. IN THE HEALTH SCIENCES, STRESS OFTEN IS DEFINED IN TERMS OF STRESSORS; EVENTS THAT ARE PERCEIVED AS THREATS TO ONE'S PERCEPTION OF CONTROL. FROM THIS PERSPECTIVE, A STRESSOR IS ANYTHING THAT ACTIVATES THE CENTRAL THREAT RESPONSE SYSTEM (CTRS). RECENT RESEARCH SHOWS THAT THE CTRS CAN BE SENSITIZED TO ENVIRONMENTAL EVENTS THROUGH EPIGENETIC MODULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION. WHEN CTRS ACTIVATION IS CHRONIC, HEALTH AND WELFARE MAY BE HARMED. ENVIRONMENTAL MODIFICATION CAN MITIGATE THE HARMFUL EFFECTS OF CHRONIC CTRS ACTIVATION BY REDUCING THE INDIVIDUAL'S PERCEPTION OF THREAT AND INCREASING ITS PERCEPTION OF CONTROL, WHICH IMPROVES HEALTH AND WELFARE.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
17  3479 26 IDENTIFICATION OF BIOACTIVE METABOLITES AND EVALUATION OF IN VITRO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND IN VIVO ANTINOCICEPTIVE AND ANTIARTHRITIC ACTIVITIES OF ENDOPHYTE FUNGI ISOLATED FROM ELAEOCARPUS FLORIBUNDUS BLUME. ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: FUNCTIONAL DISABILITY ASSOCIATED WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA), A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE IS A CHALLENGING CONCERN IN HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS. ALONG WITH ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND EPIGENETIC DISORDERS, MULTIPLE PATHWAYS ARE REPORTED AS PROMINENT MECHANISM FOR THE PROGRESSION OF RA SYMPTOMS INCLUDING; PAIN, SWELLING AND STIFFNESS OF JOINTS. ELAEOCARPUS FLORIBUNDUS BLUME HAS BEEN USED AS A FOLKLORE MEDICINE FOR RA FROM ANCIENT TIMES. THIS PLANT HARBOURS A SUITE OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI THAT PRODUCE A RANGE OF METABOLITES OF POTENTIAL INTEREST. THUS, FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR THIS FOLKLORE USE, IT IS ESSENTIAL TO FIND OUT THE INVOLVEMENT, IF ANY, OF THE ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI LIVING IN THIS PLANT AND THE METABOLITES THEY ELABORATE, FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF RA. AIM OF THE STUDY: THIS STUDY WAS DESIGNED TO ISOLATE, IDENTIFY AND EVALUATE THE IN VITRO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND IN VIVO ANTINOCICEPTIVE AND ANTIARTHRITIC ACTIVITIES OF THE COMPOUNDS PRODUCED BY THE ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI LIVING IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF ELAEOCARPUS FLORIBUNDUS BLUME. MATERIALS AND METHODS: ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI FROM DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE PLANT WERE ISOLATED AND CULTURED FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SECONDARY METABOLITES. CHROMATOGRAPHICALLY FRACTIONATED FUNGAL EXTRACTS WERE ASSESSED FOR ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTINOCICEPTIVE ACTIVITIES. FOR THE EVALUATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY, IN VITRO CYCLOOXYGENASE (COX1/COX2) AND 5-LIPOXYGENASE (5-LOX) INHIBITORY ASSAYS WERE PERFORMED. FOR THE EVALUATION OF IN VIVO ANTINOCICEPTIVE ACTIVITY, HOT PLATE ACETIC ACID INDUCED WRITHING, AND FORMALIN INDUCED PAW LICKING METHODS WERE ADOPTED, WHEREAS COMPLETE FREUND'S ADJUVANT (CFA) INDUCED POLY-ARTHRITIC METHOD WAS ADOPTED FOR THE EVALUATION OF ANTIARTHRITIC ACTIVITY. THE MOST EFFECTIVE FRACTION WAS ANALYZED BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROSCOPY (LC-MS) IN SEARCH OF THE BIOACTIVE EXTRACELLULAR METABOLITES. RESULTS: FIVE ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI VIZ. ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS, ASPERGILLUS NIGER, RHIZOCTONIA ORYZAE, RHIZOPUS ORYZAE, AND SYNCEPHALASTRUM RACEMOSUM WERE ISOLATED. COX1/COX2 AND 5-LOX INHIBITORY ASSAYS STATE THAT THE ASPERGILLUS NIGER FRACTION POSSESSES THE GREATEST ACTIVITY AGAINST THESE ENZYMES OF INFLAMMATORY PROCESS. IN VIVO ANTINOCICEPTIVE SHOWED SIGNIFICANT (***P<0.001) REDUCTION OF PAIN IN A DOSE DEPENDENT MANNER. AS WELL, SIGNIFICANT (***P<0.001) REDUCTION OF PAW VOLUME WAS OBSERVED IN CFA INDUCE POLY-ARTHRITIC TEST. LC/MS ANALYSIS OF THE ASPERGILLUS NIGER FRACTION REVEALED THE PRESENCE OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS INCLUDING TENSYUIC ACID, HEXYLITACONIC ACID, CHLOROGENIC ACID, NIGRAGILLIN, TMC-256C1, ASNIPYRONE B, ASPERENONE, FUMARIC ACID AND FUSARUBIN, ALL HAVING REPORTED PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES. CONCLUSION: THE PRESENT STUDY DEMONSTRATES THAT SECONDARY METABOLITES PRODUCED BY ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI LIVING IN VARIOUS PARTS OF ELAEOCARPUS FLORIBUNDUS BLUME HAD POTENTIAL TO RELIEF PAIN AND INFLAMMATION. THE ENDOPHYTES WERE FOUND TO CONTAIN MULTIPLE BIOMOLECULES EFFECTIVE IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS. THESE FINDINGS PROVIDE A RATIONALE FOR THE FOLKLORE USE OF THE PLANT IN THE MANAGEMENT OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.	2021	

18  2674 27 ETHOSUXIMIDE REDUCES EPILEPTOGENESIS AND BEHAVIORAL COMORBIDITY IN THE GAERS MODEL OF GENETIC GENERALIZED EPILEPSY. PURPOSE: ETHOSUXIMIDE (ESX) IS A DRUG OF CHOICE FOR THE SYMPTOMATIC TREATMENT OF ABSENCE SEIZURES. CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH ESX HAS BEEN REPORTED TO HAVE DISEASE-MODIFYING ANTIEPILEPTOGENIC ACTIVITY IN THE WAG/RIJ RAT MODEL OF GENETIC GENERALIZED EPILEPSY (GGE) WITH ABSENCE SEIZURES. HERE WE EXAMINED WHETHER CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH ESX (1) POSSESSES ANTIEPILEPTOGENIC EFFECTS IN THE GENETIC ABSENCE EPILEPSY RATS FROM STRASBOURG (GAERS) MODEL OF GGE, (2) IS ASSOCIATED WITH A MITIGATION OF BEHAVIORAL COMORBIDITIES, AND (3) INFLUENCES GENE EXPRESSION IN THE SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX REGION WHERE SEIZURES ARE THOUGHT TO ORIGINATE. METHODS: GAERS AND NONEPILEPTIC CONTROL (NEC) RATS WERE CHRONICALLY TREATED WITH ESX (IN DRINKING WATER) OR CONTROL (TAP WATER) FROM 3 TO 22 WEEKS OF AGE. SUBSEQUENTLY, ALL ANIMALS RECEIVED TAP WATER ONLY FOR ANOTHER 12 WEEKS TO ASSESS ENDURING EFFECTS OF TREATMENT. SEIZURE FREQUENCY AND ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIORS WERE SERIALLY ASSESSED THROUGHOUT THE EXPERIMENTAL PARADIGM. TREATMENT EFFECTS ON THE EXPRESSION OF KEY COMPONENTS OF THE EPIGENETIC MOLECULAR MACHINERY, THE DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE ENZYMES, WERE ASSESSED USING QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (QPCR). KEY FINDINGS: ESX TREATMENT SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED SEIZURES IN GAERS DURING THE TREATMENT PHASE, AND THIS EFFECT WAS MAINTAINED DURING THE 12-WEEK POSTTREATMENT PHASE (P < 0.05). FURTHERMORE, THE ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIORS PRESENT IN GAERS WERE REDUCED BY ESX TREATMENT (P < 0.05). MOLECULAR ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT ESX TREATMENT WAS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED EXPRESSION OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE ENZYME MESSENGER RNA (MRNA) IN CORTEX. SIGNIFICANCE: CHRONIC ESX TREATMENT HAS DISEASE-MODIFYING EFFECTS IN THE GAERS MODEL OF GGE, WITH ANTIEPILEPTOGENIC EFFECTS AGAINST ABSENCE SEIZURES AND MITIGATION OF BEHAVIORAL COMORBIDITIES. THE CELLULAR MECHANISM FOR THESE EFFECTS MAY INVOLVE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
19  4508 22 MS-11, A MIMETIC OF THE MSIN3-BINDING HELIX IN NRSF, AMELIORATES SOCIAL INTERACTION DEFICITS IN A PRENATAL VALPROIC ACID-INDUCED AUTISM MOUSE MODEL. GROWING EVIDENCE SUGGESTS PIVOTAL ROLES FOR EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN BOTH ANIMAL MODELS OF AND INDIVIDUALS WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS (ASD). NEURON-RESTRICTIVE SILENCER FACTOR (NRSF) BINDS TO NEURON-RESTRICTIVE SILENCING ELEMENTS IN NEURONAL GENES AND RECRUITS CO-REPRESSORS, SUCH AS MSIN3, TO EPIGENETICALLY INHIBIT NEURONAL GENE EXPRESSION. BECAUSE DYSREGULATION OF NRSF IS RELATED TO ASD, HERE WE EXAMINED THE EFFECTS OF MS-11, A CHEMICALLY OPTIMIZED MIMETIC OF THE MSIN3-BINDING HELIX IN NRSF, ON THE BEHAVIORAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL ABNORMALITIES FOUND IN A MOUSE MODEL OF VALPROIC ACID (VPA)-INDUCED ASD. CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH MS-11 IMPROVED PRENATAL VPA-INDUCED DEFICITS IN SOCIAL INTERACTION. ADDITIONALLY, WE FOUND THAT NRSF MRNA EXPRESSION WAS GREATER IN THE SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX OF VPA-EXPOSED MICE THAN OF CONTROLS. AGREEING WITH THESE BEHAVIORAL FINDINGS, MICE THAT WERE PRENATALLY EXPOSED TO VPA SHOWED LOWER DENDRITIC SPINE DENSITY IN THE SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX, WHICH WAS REVERSED BY CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH MS-11. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT MS-11 HAS THE POTENTIAL FOR IMPROVING ASD-RELATED SYMPTOMS THROUGH INHIBITION OF MSIN3-NRSF BINDING.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
20   889 26 CHRONIC DIETARY ADMINISTRATION OF VALPROIC ACID PROTECTS NEURONS OF THE RAT NUCLEUS BASALIS MAGNOCELLULARIS FROM IBOTENIC ACID NEUROTOXICITY. VALPROIC ACID (VPA) HAS BEEN USED FOR MANY YEARS AS A DRUG OF CHOICE FOR EPILEPSY AND MOOD DISORDERS. RECENTLY, EVIDENCE HAS BEEN PROPOSED FOR A WIDE SPECTRUM OF ACTIONS OF THIS DRUG, INCLUDING ANTITUMORAL AND NEUROPROTECTIVE PROPERTIES. VALPROIC ACID-MEDIATED NEUROPROTECTION IN VIVO HAS BEEN SO FAR DEMONSTRATED IN A LIMITED NUMBER OF EXPERIMENTAL MODELS. IN THIS STUDY, WE HAVE TESTED THE NEUROPROTECTIVE POTENTIAL OF CHRONIC (4 + 1 WEEKS) DIETARY ADMINISTRATION OF VPA ON DEGENERATION OF CHOLINERGIC AND GABAERGIC NEURONS OF THE RAT NUCLEUS BASALIS MAGNOCELLULARIS (NBM), INJECTED WITH THE EXCITOTOXIN, IBOTENIC ACID (IBO), AN ANIMAL MODELS THAT IS RELEVANT FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE-LIKE NEURODEGENERATION. WE SHOW THAT VPA TREATMENT SIGNIFICANTLY PROTECTS BOTH CHOLINERGIC AND GABAERGIC NEURONS PRESENT IN THE INJECTED AREA FROM THE EXCITOTOXIC INSULT. A SIGNIFICANT LEVEL OF NEUROPROTECTION, IN PARTICULAR, IS EXERTED TOWARDS THE CHOLINERGIC NEURONS OF THE NBM PROJECTING TO THE CORTEX, AS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SUBSTANTIALLY HIGHER LEVELS OF CHOLINERGIC MARKERS MAINTAINED IN THE TARGET CORTICAL AREA OF VPA-TREATED RATS AFTER IBO INJECTION IN THE NBM. WE FURTHER SHOW THAT CHRONIC VPA ADMINISTRATION RESULTS IN INCREASED ACETYLATION OF HISTONE H3 IN BRAIN, CONSISTENT WITH THE HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORY ACTION OF VPA AND PUTATIVELY LINKED TO A NEUROPROTECTIVE ACTION OF THE DRUG MEDIATED AT THE EPIGENETIC LEVEL.	2009