1  1908 163 ENRICHMENT OF GENOMIC PATHWAYS BASED ON DIFFERENTIAL DNA METHYLATION ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC POSTSURGICAL PAIN AND ANXIETY IN CHILDREN: A PROSPECTIVE, PILOT STUDY. WE HAVE REPORTED CHILD ANXIETY SENSITIVITY (CHILD ANXIETY SENSITIVITY INDEX [CASI]) PREDICTS CHRONIC POSTSURGICAL PAIN (CPSP). HEREIN, WE EVALUATED DNA METHYLATION PROFILES TO UNDERSTAND THE GENE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS UNDERLYING CPSP AND CASI, TO IDENTIFY SHARED, ENRICHED, GENOMIC PATHWAYS. IN 73 PROSPECTIVELY RECRUITED ADOLESCENTS UNDERGOING SPINE FUSION, PREOPERATIVE CASI AND PAIN DATA OVER 12 MONTHS AFTER SURGERY WERE COLLECTED. DNA FROM THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD OF EVALUABLE SUBJECTS WITH (N = 16) AND WITHOUT CPSP (N = 40) WERE ANALYZED USING METHYLATIONEPIC ARRAYS. WE IDENTIFIED 637 AND 2,445 DIFFERENTIALLY DNA METHYLATED POSITIONS (DMPS) ASSOCIATED WITH CPSP AND CASI, RESPECTIVELY (P </= .05). INGENUITY PATHWAY ANALYSIS OF 39 GENES WITH DMPS FOR BOTH CPSP AND CASI REVEALED ENRICHMENT OF SEVERAL CANONICAL PATHWAYS, INCLUDING GABA RECEPTOR (P = .00016 FOR CPSP; P =.0008 FOR CASI) AND DOPAMINE-DARPP32 FEEDBACK IN CYCLIC ADENOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE (P = .004 FOR CPSP AND P =.00003 FOR CASI) SIGNALING. GENE-GENE INTERACTION NETWORK ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS REVEALED PARTICIPATION OF PATHWAYS IN CELL SIGNALING, MOLECULAR TRANSPORT, METABOLISM, AND NEUROLOGIC DISEASES (P < 10(-8)). BIOINFORMATIC APPROACHES TO IDENTIFY HISTONE MARKS AND TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR (TF) BINDING EVENTS UNDERLYING DMPS, SHOWED THEIR LOCATION IN ACTIVE REGULATORY REGIONS IN PAIN PATHWAY RELEVANT BRAIN CELLS. USING ENRICHR/PINET ENRICHMENT AND LIBRARY OF INTEGRATED NETWORK-BASED CELLULAR SIGNATURES KNOCKDOWN SIGNATURES, WE IDENTIFIED TFS REGULATING GENES WITH DMPS IN ASSOCIATION WITH CPSP AND CASI. IN CONCLUSION, WE IDENTIFIED EPIGENETICALLY ENRICHED PATHWAYS ASSOCIATED WITH CPSP AND ANXIETY SENSITIVITY IN CHILDREN UNDERGOING SURGERY. OUR FINDINGS SUPPORT GABA HYPOFUNCTION AND THE ROLES OF THE DOPAMINE-DARPP32 PATHWAY IN EMOTION/REWARD AND PAIN. THIS PILOT STUDY PROVIDES NEW EPIGENETIC INSIGHTS INTO THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CPSP AND A BASIS FOR FUTURE STUDIES IN BIOMARKER DEVELOPMENT AND TARGETABLE INTERVENTIONS. PERSPECTIVE: DIFFERENTIAL DNA METHYLATION IN REGULATORY GENOMIC REGIONS ENRICHING SHARED NEURAL PATHWAYS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH CPSP AND CASI IN ADOLESCENTS UNDERGOING SPINE SURGERY. OUR FINDINGS SUPPORT GABA HYPOFUNCTION AND THE ROLES OF THE DOPAMINE-DARPP32 PATHWAY IN EMOTION/REWARD CONTRIBUTING TO BEHAVIORAL MAINTENANCE OF PAIN 10 TO 12 MONTHS AFTER SURGERY.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
2  2962  39 GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS INFLUENCING ACUTE TO CHRONIC POSTSURGICAL PAIN TRANSITIONS IN PEDIATRICS: PRECLINICAL TO CLINICAL EVIDENCE. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC POSTSURGICAL PAIN (CPSP) IN CHILDREN REMAINS AN IMPORTANT PROBLEM WITH NO EFFECTIVE PREVENTIVE OR THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES. RECENTLY, GENOMIC UNDERPINNINGS EXPLAINING ADDITIONAL INTERINDIVIDUAL RISK BEYOND PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS HAVE BEEN PROPOSED. AIMS: WE PRESENT A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF CURRENT PRECLINICAL AND CLINICAL EVIDENCE FOR GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS RELEVANT TO PEDIATRIC CPSP. METHODS: NARRATIVE REVIEW. RESULTS: ANIMAL MODELS ARE RELEVANT TO TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH FOR UNRAVELING GENOMIC MECHANISMS. FOR EXAMPLE, CACNG2, P2RX7, AND BDNF MUTANT MICE SHOW ALTERED MECHANICAL HYPERSENSITIVITY TO INJURY, AND VARIANTS OF THE SAME GENES HAVE BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH CPSP SUSCEPTIBILITY IN HUMANS; SIMILARLY, DIFFERENTIAL DNA METHYLATION (H1SP) AND MIRNAS (MIR-96/7A) HAVE SHOWN TRANSLATIONAL IMPLICATIONS. ANIMAL STUDIES ALSO SUGGEST THAT CROSSTALK BETWEEN NEURONS AND IMMUNE CELLS MAY BE INVOLVED IN NOCICEPTIVE PRIMING OBSERVED IN NEONATES. IN CHILDREN, DIFFERENTIAL DNA METHYLATION IN REGULATORY GENOMIC REGIONS ENRICHING GABAERGIC, DOPAMINERGIC, AND IMMUNE PATHWAYS, AS WELL AS POLYGENIC RISK SCORES FOR ENHANCED PREDICTION OF CPSP, HAVE BEEN DESCRIBED. GENOME-WIDE STUDIES IN PEDIATRIC CPSP ARE SCARCE, BUT PATHWAYS IDENTIFIED BY ADULT GENE ASSOCIATION STUDIES POINT TO POTENTIAL COMMON MECHANISMS. CONCLUSIONS: BENCH-TO-BEDSIDE GENOMICS RESEARCH IN PEDIATRIC CPSP IS CURRENTLY LIMITED. REVERSE TRANSLATIONAL APPROACHES, USE OF OTHER -OMICS, AND INCLUSION OF PEDIATRIC/CPSP ENDOPHENOTYPES IN LARGE-SCALE BIOBANKS MAY BE POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS. TIME OF DEVELOPMENTAL VULNERABILITY AND LONGITUDINAL GENOMIC CHANGES AFTER SURGERY WARRANT FURTHER INVESTIGATION. EMERGENCE OF PROMISING PRECISION PAIN MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES BASED ON GENE EDITING AND EPIGENETIC PROGRAMING EMPHASIZE NEED FOR FURTHER RESEARCH IN PEDIATRIC CPSP-RELATED GENOMICS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
3  2198  36 EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OF DRG NEURONAL GENE EXPRESSION SUBSEQUENT TO NERVE INJURY: ETIOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTION TO COMPLEX REGIONAL PAIN SYNDROMES (PART I). DRG IS OF IMPORTANCE IN RELAYING PAINFUL STIMULATION TO THE HIGHER PAIN CENTERS AND THEREFORE COULD BE A CRUCIAL TARGET FOR EARLY INTERVENTION AIMED AT SUPPRESSING PRIMARY AFFERENT STIMULATION. COMPLEX REGIONAL PAIN SYNDROME (CRPS) IS A COMMON PAIN CONDITION WITH AN UNKNOWN ETIOLOGY. RECENTLY ADDED NEW INFORMATION ENRICHES OUR UNDERSTANDING OF CRPS PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. RESEARCHES ON GENETICS, BIOGENIC AMINES, NEUROTRANSMITTERS, AND MECHANISMS OF PAIN MODULATION, CENTRAL SENSITIZATION, AND AUTONOMIC FUNCTIONS IN CRPS REVEALED VARIOUS ABNORMALITIES INDICATING THAT MULTIPLE FACTORS AND MECHANISMS ARE INVOLVED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CRPS. EPIGENETICS REFERS TO MITOTICALLY AND MEIOTICALLY HERITABLE CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION THAT DO NOT AFFECT THE DNA SEQUENCE. AS EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS POTENTIALLY PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE METABOLISM, NEUROTRANSMITTER RESPONSIVENESS, AND ANALGESIC SENSITIVITY, THEY ARE LIKELY KEY FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHRONIC PAIN. IN THIS DYAD REVIEW SERIES, WE SYSTEMATICALLY EXAMINE THE NERVE INJURY-RELATED CHANGES IN THE NEUROLOGICAL SYSTEM AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO CRPS. IN THIS PART, WE FIRST REVIEWED AND SUMMARIZED THE ROLE OF NEURAL SENSITIZATION IN DRG NEURONS IN PERFORMING FUNCTION IN THE CONTEXT OF PAIN PROCESSING. PARTICULAR EMPHASIS IS PLACED ON THE CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR CHANGES AFTER NERVE INJURY AS WELL AS DIFFERENT MODELS OF INFLAMMATORY AND NEUROPATHIC PAIN. THESE WERE CONSIDERED AS THE POTENTIAL MOLECULAR BASES THAT UNDERLIE NERVE INJURY-ASSOCIATED PATHOGENESIS OF CRPS.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
4  5593  27 ROLE, FUNCTION AND REGULATION OF THE THYMOCYTE SELECTION-ASSOCIATED HIGH MOBILITY GROUP BOX PROTEIN IN CD8(+) T CELL EXHAUSTION. THYMOCYTE SELECTION-ASSOCIATED HIGH MOBILITY GROUP BOX PROTEIN (TOX), A MEMBER OF THE HIGH-MOTILITY GROUP BOX (HMG) PROTEIN SUPERFAMILY, IS AN EVOLUTIONARILY CONSERVED DNA-BINDING PROTEIN. IT FUNCTIONS AS A TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR THAT MODULATES TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROGRAMS BY BINDING TO DNA IN A STRUCTURE-DEPENDENT MANNER. IT HAS BEEN WELL ESTABLISHED THAT TOX IS REQUIRED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CD4(+) T CELLS, NATURAL KILLER (NK) CELLS AND INNATE LYMPHOID CELLS (ILCS), AS WELL AS THE AUTOIMMUNITY MEDIATED BY CD8(+) T CELLS. RECENTLY, EMERGING EVIDENCE SUPPORTS AN ESSENTIAL ROLE FOR TOX IN THE INDUCTION OF T CELL EXHAUSTION IN THE SETTING OF TUMOR OR CHRONIC VIRAL INFECTION BY MEDIATING TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES, WHICH ARE CARDINAL HALLMARKS OF EXHAUSTED T CELLS. MOREOVER, TOX PLAYS A KEY ROLE IN THE PERSISTENCE OF ANTIGEN-SPECIFIC T CELLS AND IN THE MITIGATION OF TISSUE DAMAGE CAUSED BY IMMUNOPATHOLOGY OVER THE COURSE OF TUMORIGENESIS AND CHRONIC INFECTION. ADDITIONALLY, TOX CONTRIBUTES TO THE HIGH LEVEL OF PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH PROTEIN 1 (PD-1) ON THE CELL SURFACE BY PARTICIPATING IN THE PROCESS OF ENDOCYTIC RECYCLING OF PD-1. IN THIS REVIEW, WE SUMMARIZE THE MOST RECENT INFORMATION ABOUT THE ROLE OF TOX IN THE PROCESS OF T CELL EXHAUSTION, WHICH ENRICHES OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF CD8(+) T CELL EXHAUSTION UPON CHRONIC ANTIGEN STIMULATION AND REVEALS PROMISING THERAPEUTIC TARGETS FOR PERSISTING INFECTION AND CANCER.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
5  3070  39 GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION PROFILING IN CD8 T-CELLS AND GAMMA DELTA T-CELLS OF ASIAN INDIAN PATIENTS WITH TAKAYASU ARTERITIS. BACKGROUND: TAKAYASU'S ARTERITIS (TA) IS A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE THAT AFFECTS AORTA AND ITS MAIN BRANCHES AT THEIR ORIGIN. GENETIC, PATHOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT CD8 AND GAMMA DELTA (GAMMA/DELTA) T-LYMPHOCYTES ARE INVOLVED IN INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES IN AFFECTED REGIONS OF ARTERIES CAUSING VASCULAR DAMAGE. THE MOLECULAR FUNCTION OF THESE LYMPHOCYTES REMAINS UNCLEAR AND CURRENTLY NO EPIGENETIC STUDIES ARE AVAILABLE IN TA. WE PRIMARILY PERFORMED GENOME WIDE METHYLATION ANALYSIS IN CD8 T CELLS AND GAMMADELTA T CELLS OF PATIENTS WITH TA AND COMPARED WITH HEALTHY CONTROLS. METHODS: WE RECRUITED 12 SUBJECTS IN EACH GROUP NAMELY TA PATIENT AND HEALTHY CONTROLS. BLOOD SAMPLES WERE COLLECTED AFTER OBTAINING INFORMED WRITTEN CONSENT. CD8 T CELLS AND GAMMADELTA T CELLS WERE SEPARATED FROM WHOLE BLOOD. DNA EXTRACTED FROM THESE CELLS AND WERE SUBJECTED TO BISULFITE TREATMENT. FINALLY, BISULFITE TREATED DNA WAS LOADED IN INFINIUM METHYLATION EPIC ARRAY. BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSIS WAS USED TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION REGIONS WHICH WERE THEN MAPPED TO GENES. RESULTS: INTERLEUKIN (IL)-32 AND LYMPHOTOXIN-A WERE GENES SIGNIFICANTLY HYPOMETHYLATED IN CD8 T-CELLS. ANTI-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE GENES, IL-10, IL-1RN AND IL-27 WERE HYPOMETHYLATED IN GAMMADELTA T CELLS OF TA PATIENTS AS COMPARED TO HEALTHY CONTROLS. GENE ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS USING GENE ONTOLOGY (GO) DATABASE AND KYOTO ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF GENES AND GENOMES (KEGG) IDENTIFIED THAT GENES INVOLVED IN T-CELL RECEPTOR SIGNALLING PATHWAYS WERE HYPOMETHYLATED IN CD8 T-CELLS AND HYPERMETHYLATED IN GAMMADELTA T CELLS OF TA PATIENTS. CONCLUSION: CD8 T-CELLS MIGHT PLAY A MAJOR ROLE IN IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS OF INFLAMMATION IN TA, WHEREAS GAMMADELTA T CELLS MAY PLAY A REGULATORY ROLE.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
6   774  32 CELL TYPE-SPECIFIC MECHANISM OF SETD1A HETEROZYGOSITY IN SCHIZOPHRENIA PATHOGENESIS. SCHIZOPHRENIA (SCZ) IS A CHRONIC, SERIOUS MENTAL DISORDER. ALTHOUGH MORE THAN 200 SCZ-ASSOCIATED GENES HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED, THE UNDERLYING MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MECHANISMS REMAIN LARGELY UNKNOWN. HERE, WE GENERATED A SETD1A (SET DOMAIN CONTAINING 1A) HAPLOINSUFFICIENCY MOUSE MODEL TO UNDERSTAND HOW THIS SCZ-ASSOCIATED EPIGENETIC FACTOR AFFECTS GENE EXPRESSION IN BRAIN REGIONS HIGHLY RELEVANT TO SCZ. SINGLE-CELL RNA SEQUENCING REVEALED THAT SETD1A HETEROZYGOSITY CAUSES HIGHLY VARIABLE TRANSCRIPTIONAL ADAPTATIONS ACROSS DIFFERENT CELL TYPES IN PREFRONTAL CORTEX (PFC) AND STRIATUM. THE FOXP2(+) NEURONS EXHIBIT THE MOST PROMINENT GENE EXPRESSION CHANGES AMONG THE DIFFERENT NEURON SUBTYPES IN PFC, WHICH CORRELATE WITH CHANGES IN HISTONE H3 LYSINE 4 TRIMETHYLATION. MANY OF THE GENES DYSREGULATED IN SETD1A(+/-) MICE ARE INVOLVED IN NEURON MORPHOGENESIS AND SYNAPTIC FUNCTION. CONSISTENTLY, SETD1A(+/-) MICE EXHIBIT CERTAIN BEHAVIORAL FEATURES OF PATIENTS WITH SCZ. COLLECTIVELY, OUR STUDY ESTABLISHES SETD1A(+/-) MICE AS A MODEL FOR UNDERSTANDING SCZ AND UNCOVERS A COMPLEX BRAIN REGION- AND CELL TYPE-SPECIFIC DYSREGULATION THAT POTENTIALLY UNDERLIES SCZ PATHOGENESIS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
7  1556  42 DNA METHYLATION MODIFICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME. CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME (CFS), ALSO KNOWN AS MYALGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS, IS A COMPLEX MULTIFACTORIAL DISEASE THAT IS CHARACTERIZED BY THE PERSISTENT PRESENCE OF FATIGUE AND OTHER PARTICULAR SYMPTOMS FOR A MINIMUM OF 6 MONTHS. SYMPTOMS FAIL TO DISSIPATE AFTER SUFFICIENT REST AND HAVE MAJOR EFFECTS ON THE DAILY FUNCTIONING OF CFS SUFFERERS. CFS IS A MULTI-SYSTEM DISEASE WITH A HETEROGENEOUS PATIENT POPULATION SHOWING A WIDE VARIETY OF FUNCTIONAL DISABILITIES AND ITS BIOLOGICAL BASIS REMAINS POORLY UNDERSTOOD. STABLE ALTERATIONS IN GENE FUNCTION IN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM HAVE BEEN REPORTED IN SEVERAL STUDIES OF CFS. EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS HAVE BEEN IMPLICATED IN LONG-TERM EFFECTS ON GENE FUNCTION, HOWEVER, TO OUR KNOWLEDGE, GENOME-WIDE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH CFS HAVE NOT BEEN EXPLORED. WE EXAMINED THE DNA METHYLOME IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS ISOLATED FROM CFS PATIENTS AND HEALTHY CONTROLS USING THE ILLUMINA HUMANMETHYLATION450 BEADCHIP ARRAY, CONTROLLING FOR INVARIANT PROBES AND PROBES OVERLAPPING POLYMORPHIC SEQUENCES. GENE ONTOLOGY (GO) AND NETWORK ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED GENES WAS PERFORMED TO DETERMINE POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL PATHWAYS SHOWING CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION IN CFS. WE FOUND AN INCREASED ABUNDANCE OF DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED GENES RELATED TO THE IMMUNE RESPONSE, CELLULAR METABOLISM, AND KINASE ACTIVITY. GENES ASSOCIATED WITH IMMUNE CELL REGULATION, THE LARGEST COORDINATED ENRICHMENT OF DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED PATHWAYS, SHOWED HYPOMETHYLATION WITHIN PROMOTERS AND OTHER GENE REGULATORY ELEMENTS IN CFS. THESE DATA ARE CONSISTENT WITH EVIDENCE OF MULTISYSTEM DYSREGULATION IN CFS AND IMPLICATE THE INVOLVEMENT OF DNA MODIFICATIONS IN CFS PATHOLOGY.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
8  3371  25 HISTONE MODIFICATION OF PAIN-RELATED GENE EXPRESSION IN SPINAL CORD NEURONS UNDER A PERSISTENT POSTSURGICAL PAIN-LIKE STATE BY ELECTROCAUTERY. CHRONIC POSTSURGICAL PAIN (CPSP) IS A SERIOUS PROBLEM. WE DEVELOPED A MOUSE MODEL OF CPSP INDUCED BY ELECTROCAUTERY AND EXAMINED THE MECHANISM OF CPSP. IN THIS MOUSE MODEL, WHILE BOTH INCISION AND ELECTROCAUTERY EACH PRODUCED ACUTE ALLODYNIA, PERSISTENT ALLODYNIA WAS ONLY OBSERVED AFTER ELECTROCAUTERY. UNDER THESE CONDITIONS, WE FOUND THAT THE MRNA LEVELS OF SMALL PROLINE RICH PROTEIN 1A (SPRR1A) AND ANNEXIN A10 (ANXA10), WHICH ARE THE KEY MODULATORS OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN, IN THE SPINAL CORD WERE MORE POTENTLY AND PERSISTENTLY INCREASED BY ELECTROCAUTERY THAN BY INCISION. FURTHERMORE, THESE GENES WERE OVEREXPRESSED ALMOST EXCLUSIVELY IN CHRONIC POSTSURGICAL PAIN-ACTIVATED NEURONS. THIS EVENT WAS ASSOCIATED WITH DECREASED LEVELS OF TRI-METHYLATED HISTONE H3 AT LYS27 AND INCREASED LEVELS OF ACETYLATED HISTONE H3 AT LYS27 AT THEIR PROMOTER REGIONS. ON THE OTHER HAND, PERSISTENT ALLODYNIA AND OVEREXPRESSION OF SPRR1A AND ANXA10 AFTER ELECTROCAUTERY WERE DRAMATICALLY SUPPRESSED BY SYSTEMIC ADMINISTRATION OF GSK-J4, WHICH IS A SELECTIVE H3K27 DEMETHYLASE INHIBITOR. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT THE EFFECTS OF ELECTROCAUTERY CONTRIBUTE TO CPSP ALONG WITH SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
9  4497  31 MORPHINE LEADS TO GLOBAL GENOME CHANGES IN H3K27ME3 LEVELS VIA A POLYCOMB REPRESSIVE COMPLEX 2 (PRC2) SELF-REGULATORY MECHANISM IN MESCS. BACKGROUND: ENVIRONMENTALLY INDUCED EPIGENETIC CHANGES CAN LEAD TO HEALTH PROBLEMS OR DISEASE, BUT THE MECHANISMS INVOLVED REMAIN UNCLEAR. MORPHINE CAN PASS THROUGH THE PLACENTAL BARRIER LEADING TO ABNORMAL EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT. HOWEVER, THE MECHANISM BY WHICH MORPHINE CAUSES THESE EFFECTS AND HOW THEY SOMETIMES PERSIST INTO ADULTHOOD IS NOT WELL KNOWN. TO UNRAVEL THE MORPHINE-INDUCED CHROMATIN ALTERATIONS INVOLVED IN ABERRANT EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT, WE EXPLORED THE ROLE OF THE H3K27ME3/PRC2 REPRESSIVE COMPLEX IN GENE EXPRESSION AND ITS TRANSMISSION ACROSS CELLULAR GENERATIONS IN RESPONSE TO MORPHINE. RESULTS: USING MOUSE EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS AS A MODEL SYSTEM, WE FOUND THAT CHRONIC MORPHINE TREATMENT INDUCES A GLOBAL DOWNREGULATION OF THE HISTONE MODIFICATION H3K27ME3. CONVERSELY, CHIP-SEQ SHOWED A REMARKABLE INCREASE IN H3K27ME3 LEVELS AT SPECIFIC GENOMIC SITES, PARTICULARLY PROMOTERS, DISRUPTING SELECTIVE TARGET GENES RELATED TO EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT, CELL CYCLE AND METABOLISM. THROUGH A SELF-REGULATORY MECHANISM, MORPHINE DOWNREGULATED THE TRANSCRIPTION OF PRC2 COMPONENTS RESPONSIBLE FOR H3K27ME3 BY ENRICHING HIGH H3K27ME3 LEVELS AT THE PROMOTER REGION. DOWNREGULATION OF PRC2 COMPONENTS PERSISTED FOR AT LEAST 48 H (4 CELL CYCLES) FOLLOWING MORPHINE REMOVAL, THOUGH PROMOTER H3K27ME3 LEVELS RETURNED TO CONTROL LEVELS. CONCLUSIONS: MORPHINE INDUCES TARGETING OF THE PRC2 COMPLEX TO SELECTED PROMOTERS, INCLUDING THOSE OF PRC2 COMPONENTS, LEADING TO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION AND A GLOBAL REDUCTION IN H3K27ME3. FOLLOWING MORPHINE REMOVAL, ENHANCED PROMOTER H3K27ME3 LEVELS REVERT TO NORMAL SOONER THAN GLOBAL H3K27ME3 OR PRC2 COMPONENT TRANSCRIPT LEVELS. WE SUGGEST THAT H3K27ME3 IS INVOLVED IN INITIATING MORPHINE-INDUCED CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION, BUT NOT IN THEIR MAINTENANCE. MODEL OF POLYCOMB REPRESSIVE COMPLEX 2 (PRC2) AND H3K27ME3 ALTERATIONS INDUCED BY CHRONIC MORPHINE EXPOSURE. MORPHINE INDUCES H3K27ME3 ENRICHMENT AT PROMOTERS OF GENES ENCODING CORE MEMBERS OF THE PRC2 COMPLEX AND IS ASSOCIATED WITH THEIR TRANSCRIPTIONAL DOWNREGULATION.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
10  4338  27 MICROVASCULAR BARRIER PROTECTION BY MICRORNA-183 VIA FOXO1 REPRESSION: A PATHWAY DISTURBED IN NEUROPATHY AND COMPLEX REGIONAL PAIN SYNDROME. BLOOD NERVE BARRIER DISRUPTION AND EDEMA ARE COMMON IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN AS WELL AS IN COMPLEX REGIONAL PAIN SYNDROME (CRPS). MICRORNAS (MIRNA) ARE EPIGENETIC MULTITARGET SWITCHES CONTROLLING NEURONAL AND NON-NEURONAL CELLS IN PAIN. THE MIR-183 COMPLEX ATTENUATES HYPEREXCITABILITY IN NOCICEPTORS, BUT ADDITIONAL NON-NEURONAL EFFECTS VIA TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS COULD CONTRIBUTE AS WELL. THIS STUDY EXPLORED EXOSOMAL MIR-183 IN CRPS AND MURINE NEUROPATHY, ITS EFFECT ON THE MICROVASCULAR BARRIER VIA TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR FOXO1 AND TIGHT JUNCTION PROTEIN CLAUDIN-5, AND ITS ANTIHYPERALGESIC POTENTIAL. SCIATIC MIR-183 DECREASED AFTER CCI. SUBSTITUTION WITH PERINEURAL MIR-183 MIMIC ATTENUATED MECHANICAL HYPERSENSITIVITY AND RESTORED BLOOD NERVE BARRIER FUNCTION. IN VITRO, SERUM FROM CCI MICE UND CRPS PATIENTS WEAKENED THE MICROVASCULAR BARRIER OF MURINE CEREBELLAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS, INCREASED ACTIVE FOXO1 AND REDUCED CLAUDIN-5, CONCOMITANT WITH A LACK OF EXOSOMAL MIR-183 IN CRPS PATIENTS. CELLULAR STRESS ALSO COMPROMISED THE MICROVASCULAR BARRIER WHICH WAS RESCUED EITHER BY MIR-183 MIMIC VIA FOXO1 REPRESSION OR BY PRIOR SILENCING OF FOXO1. PERSPECTIVE: LOW MIR-183 LEADING TO BARRIER IMPAIRMENT VIA FOXO1 AND SUBSEQUENT CLAUDIN-5 SUPPRESSION IS A NEW ASPECT IN THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CRPS AND NEUROPATHIC PAIN. THIS PATHWAY MIGHT HELP UNTANGLE THE WIDE SYMPTOMATIC RANGE OF CRPS AND NURTURE FURTHER RESEARCH INTO MIRNA MIMICS OR FOXO1 INHIBITORS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
11  6139  30 THE ETIOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTION OF GABAERGIC PLASTICITY TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN. NEUROPATHIC PAIN DEVELOPING AFTER PERIPHERAL OR CENTRAL NERVE INJURY IS THE RESULT OF PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES GENERATED THROUGH COMPLEX MECHANISMS. DISRUPTION IN THE HOMEOSTASIS OF EXCITATORY AND INHIBITORY NEURONS WITHIN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IS A CRUCIAL FACTOR IN THE FORMATION OF HYPERALGESIA OR ALLODYNIA OCCURRING WITH NEUROPATHIC PAIN. THE CENTRAL GABAERGIC PATHWAY HAS RECEIVED ATTENTION FOR ITS EXTENSIVE DISTRIBUTION AND FUNCTION IN NEURAL CIRCUITS, INCLUDING THE GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN. GABAERGIC INHIBITORY CHANGES THAT OCCUR IN THE INTERNEURONS ALONG DESCENDING MODULATORY AND NOCICEPTIVE PATHWAYS IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ARE BELIEVED TO GENERATE NEURONAL PLASTICITY, SUCH AS SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY OR FUNCTIONAL PLASTICITY OF THE RELATED GENES OR PROTEINS, THAT IS THE FOUNDATION OF PERSISTENT NEUROPATHIC PAIN. THE PRIMARY GABAERGIC PLASTICITY OBSERVED IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN INCLUDES GABAERGIC SYNAPSE HOMO- AND HETEROSYNAPTIC PLASTICITY, DECREASED SYNTHESIS OF GABA, DOWN-EXPRESSION OF GLUTAMIC ACID DECARBOXYLASE AND GABA TRANSPORTER, ABNORMAL EXPRESSION OF NKCC1 OR KCC2, AND DISTURBED FUNCTION OF GABA RECEPTORS. IN THIS REVIEW, WE DESCRIBE POSSIBLE MECHANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH GABAERGIC PLASTICITY, SUCH AS CENTRAL SENSITIZATION AND GABAERGIC INTERNEURON APOPTOSIS, AND THE EPIGENETIC ETIOLOGIES OF GABAERGIC PLASTICITY IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN. MOREOVER, WE SUMMARIZE POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS OF GABAERGIC PLASTICITY THAT MAY ALLOW FOR SUCCESSFUL RELIEF OF HYPERALGESIA FROM NERVE INJURY. FINALLY, WE COMPARE THE EFFECTS OF THE GABAERGIC SYSTEM IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN TO OTHER TYPES OF CHRONIC PAIN TO UNDERSTAND THE CONTRIBUTION OF GABAERGIC PLASTICITY TO NEUROPATHIC PAIN.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
12   211  19 ACTIVITY-DEPENDENT A-TO-I RNA EDITING IN RAT CORTICAL NEURONS. CHANGES IN NEURAL ACTIVITY INFLUENCE SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY/SCALING, GENE EXPRESSION, AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS. WE PRESENT THE FIRST EVIDENCE THAT SHORT-TERM AND PERSISTENT CHANGES IN NEURAL ACTIVITY CAN ALTER ADENOSINE-TO-INOSINE (A-TO-I) RNA EDITING, A POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL SITE-SPECIFIC MODIFICATION FOUND IN SEVERAL NEURON-SPECIFIC TRANSCRIPTS. IN RAT CORTICAL NEURON CULTURES, ACTIVITY-DEPENDENT CHANGES IN A-TO-I RNA EDITING IN CODING EXONS ARE PRESENT AFTER 6 HR OF HIGH POTASSIUM DEPOLARIZATION BUT NOT AFTER 1 HR AND REQUIRE CALCIUM ENTRY INTO NEURONS. WHEN TREATMENTS ARE EXTENDED FROM HOURS TO DAYS, WE OBSERVE A NEGATIVE FEEDBACK PHENOMENON: CHRONIC DEPOLARIZATION INCREASES EDITING AT MANY SITES AND CHRONIC SILENCING DECREASES EDITING. WE PRESENT SEVERAL DIFFERENT MODULATIONS OF NEURAL ACTIVITY THAT CHANGE THE EXPRESSION OF DIFFERENT MRNA ISOFORMS THROUGH EDITING.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
13  3493  43 IDENTIFICATION OF KEY GENES, PATHWAYS, AND MIRNA/MRNA REGULATORY NETWORKS OF CUMS-INDUCED DEPRESSION IN NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS BY INTEGRATED BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSIS. INTRODUCTION: MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER (MDD) IS A RECURRENT, DEVASTATING MENTAL DISORDER, WHICH AFFECTS >350 MILLION PEOPLE WORLDWIDE, AND EXERTS SUBSTANTIAL PUBLIC HEALTH AND FINANCIAL COSTS TO SOCIETY. THUS, THERE IS A SIGNIFICANT NEED TO DISCOVER INNOVATIVE THERAPEUTICS TO TREAT DEPRESSION EFFICIENTLY. STRESS-INDUCED DYSFUNCTION IN THE SUBTYPE OF NEURONAL CELLS AND THE CHANGE OF SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY AND STRUCTURAL PLASTICITY OF NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS (NAC) ARE IMPLICATED IN DEPRESSION SYMPTOMOLOGY. HOWEVER, THE MOLECULAR AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS AND STRESSES TO THE NAC PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN DEPRESSION REMAIN ELUSIVE. MATERIALS AND METHODS: IN THIS STUDY, TREATMENT GROUP MICE WERE TREATED CONTINUALLY WITH THE CHRONIC UNPREDICTABLE MILD STRESS (CUMS) UNTIL EXPRESSION OF DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS WERE FOUND. DEPRESSION WAS CONFIRMED WITH SUCROSE PREFERENCE, NOVELTY-SUPPRESSED FEEDING, FORCED SWIMMING, AND TAIL SUSPENSION TESTS. WE APPLIED HIGH-THROUGHPUT RNA SEQUENCING TO ASSESS MICRORNA EXPRESSION AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROFILES IN THE NAC TISSUE FROM DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS MICE AND CONTROL MICE. THE REGULATORY NETWORK OF MIRNAS/MRNAS WAS CONSTRUCTED BASED ON THE HIGH-THROUGHPUT RNA SEQUENCE AND BIOINFORMATICS SOFTWARE PREDICTIONS. RESULTS: A TOTAL OF 17 MIRNAS AND 10 MRNAS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY UPREGULATED IN THE NAC OF CUMS-INDUCED MICE WITH DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS, AND 12 MIRNAS AND 29 MRNAS WERE DOWNREGULATED. A SERIES OF BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSES SHOWED THAT THESE ALTERED MIRNAS PREDICTED TARGET MRNA AND DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED MRNAS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY ENRICHED IN THE MAPK SIGNALING PATHWAY, GABAERGIC SYNAPSE, DOPAMINERGIC SYNAPSE, CYTOKINE-CYTOKINE RECEPTOR INTERACTION, AXON GUIDANCE, REGULATION OF AUTOPHAGY, AND SO ON. FURTHERMORE, DUAL LUCIFERASE REPORT ASSAY AND QRT-PCR RESULTS VALIDATED THE MIRNA/MRNA REGULATORY NETWORK. CONCLUSION: THE DETERIORATIONS OF GABAERGIC SYNAPSES, DOPAMINERGIC SYNAPSES, NEUROTRANSMITTER SYNTHESIS, AS WELL AS AUTOPHAGY-ASSOCIATED APOPTOTIC PATHWAY ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE MOLECULAR PATHOLOGICAL MECHANISM OF CUMS-INDUCED DEPRESSION.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
14  1580  40 DNA METHYLATION PROFILES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH COMPLEX REGIONAL PAIN SYNDROME AFTER TRAUMATIC INJURY. FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO DEVELOPMENT OF COMPLEX REGIONAL PAIN SYNDROME (CRPS) ARE NOT FULLY UNDERSTOOD. THIS STUDY EXAMINED POSSIBLE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS THAT MAY CONTRIBUTE TO CRPS AFTER TRAUMATIC INJURY. DNA METHYLATION PROFILES WERE COMPARED BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS DEVELOPING CRPS (N = 9) AND THOSE DEVELOPING NON-CRPS NEUROPATHIC PAIN (N = 38) AFTER UNDERGOING AMPUTATION FOLLOWING MILITARY TRAUMA. LINEAR MODELS FOR MICROARRAY (LIMMA) ANALYSES REVEALED 48 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CYTOSINE-PHOSPHATE-GUANINE DINUCLEOTIDE (CPG) SITES BETWEEN GROUPS (UNADJUSTED P'S < 0.005), WITH THE TOP GENE COL11A1 MEETING BONFERRONI-ADJUSTED P < 0.05. THE SECOND LARGEST DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION WAS OBSERVED FOR THE HLA-DRB6 GENE, AN IMMUNE-RELATED GENE LINKED PREVIOUSLY TO CRPS IN A SMALL GENE EXPRESSION STUDY. FOR ALL BUT 7 OF THE SIGNIFICANT CPG SITES, THE CRPS GROUP WAS HYPOMETHYLATED. NUMEROUS FUNCTIONAL GENE ONTOLOGY-BIOLOGICAL PROCESS CATEGORIES WERE SIGNIFICANTLY ENRICHED (FALSE DISCOVERY RATE-ADJUSTED Q VALUE <0.15), INCLUDING MULTIPLE IMMUNE-RELATED CATEGORIES (EG, ACTIVATION OF IMMUNE RESPONSE, IMMUNE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT, REGULATION OF IMMUNE SYSTEM PROCESSES, AND ANTIGEN PROCESSING AND PRESENTATION). DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED GENES WERE MORE HIGHLY CONNECTED IN HUMAN PROTEIN-PROTEIN NETWORKS THAN EXPECTED BY CHANCE (P < 0.05), SUPPORTING THE BIOLOGICAL RELEVANCE OF THE FINDINGS. RESULTS WERE VALIDATED IN AN INDEPENDENT SAMPLE LINKING A DNA BIOBANK WITH ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORDS (N = 126 CRPS PHENOTYPE, N = 19,768 NON-CRPS CHRONIC PAIN PHENOTYPE). ANALYSES USING PREDIXCAN METHODOLOGY INDICATED DIFFERENCES IN THE GENETICALLY DETERMINED COMPONENT OF GENE EXPRESSION IN 7 OF 48 GENES IDENTIFIED IN METHYLATION ANALYSES (P'S < 0.02). RESULTS SUGGEST THAT IMMUNE- AND INFLAMMATORY-RELATED FACTORS MIGHT CONFER RISK OF DEVELOPING CRPS AFTER TRAUMATIC INJURY. VALIDATION FINDINGS DEMONSTRATE THE POTENTIAL OF USING ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORDS LINKED TO DNA FOR GENOMIC STUDIES OF CRPS.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
15    89  47 A PILOT INVESTIGATION OF DIFFERENTIAL HYDROXYMETHYLATION LEVELS IN PATIENT-DERIVED NEURAL STEM CELLS IMPLICATES ALTERED CORTICAL DEVELOPMENT IN BIPOLAR DISORDER. INTRODUCTION: BIPOLAR DISORDER (BD) IS A CHRONIC MENTAL ILLNESS CHARACTERIZED BY RECURRENT EPISODES OF MANIA AND DEPRESSION AND ASSOCIATED WITH SOCIAL AND COGNITIVE DISTURBANCES. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, SUCH AS MATERNAL SMOKING AND CHILDHOOD TRAUMA, ARE BELIEVED TO MODULATE RISK GENOTYPES AND CONTRIBUTE TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF BD, SUGGESTING A KEY ROLE IN EPIGENETIC REGULATION DURING NEURODEVELOPMENT. 5-HYDROXYMETHYLCYTOSINE (5HMC) IS AN EPIGENETIC VARIANT OF PARTICULAR INTEREST, AS IT IS HIGHLY EXPRESSED IN THE BRAIN AND IS IMPLICATED IN NEURODEVELOPMENT, AND PSYCHIATRIC AND NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS. METHODS: INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS (IPSCS) WERE GENERATED FROM THE WHITE BLOOD CELLS OF TWO ADOLESCENT PATIENTS WITH BIPOLAR DISORDER AND THEIR SAME-SEX AGE-MATCHED UNAFFECTED SIBLINGS (N = 4). FURTHER, IPSCS WERE DIFFERENTIATED INTO NEURONAL STEM CELLS (NSCS) AND CHARACTERIZED FOR PURITY USING IMMUNO-FLUORESCENCE. WE USED REDUCED REPRESENTATION HYDROXYMETHYLATION PROFILING (RRHP) TO PERFORM GENOME-WIDE 5HMC PROFILING OF IPSCS AND NSCS, TO MODEL 5HMC CHANGES DURING NEURONAL DIFFERENTIATION AND ASSESS THEIR IMPACT ON BD RISK. FUNCTIONAL ANNOTATION AND ENRICHMENT TESTING OF GENES HARBORING DIFFERENTIATED 5HMC LOCI WERE PERFORMED WITH THE ONLINE TOOL DAVID. RESULTS: APPROXIMATELY 2 MILLION SITES WERE MAPPED AND QUANTIFIED, WITH THE MAJORITY (68.8%) LOCATED IN GENIC REGIONS, WITH ELEVATED 5HMC LEVELS PER SITE OBSERVED FOR 3' UTRS, EXONS, AND 2-KB SHORELINES OF CPG ISLANDS. PAIRED T-TESTS OF NORMALIZED 5HMC COUNTS BETWEEN IPSC AND NSC CELL LINES REVEALED GLOBAL HYPO-HYDROXYMETHYLATION IN NSCS AND ENRICHMENT OF DIFFERENTIALLY HYDROXYMETHYLATED SITES WITHIN GENES ASSOCIATED WITH PLASMA MEMBRANE (FDR = 9.1 X 10(-12)) AND AXON GUIDANCE (FDR = 2.1 X 10(-6)), AMONG OTHER NEURONAL PROCESSES. THE MOST SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE WAS OBSERVED FOR A TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR BINDING SITE FOR THE KCNK9 GENE (P = 8.8 X 10(-6)), ENCODING A POTASSIUM CHANNEL PROTEIN INVOLVED IN NEURONAL ACTIVITY AND MIGRATION. PROTEIN-PROTEIN-INTERACTION (PPI) NETWORKING SHOWED SIGNIFICANT CONNECTIVITY (P = 3.2 X 10(-10)) BETWEEN PROTEINS ENCODED BY GENES HARBORING HIGHLY DIFFERENTIATED 5HMC SITES, WITH GENES INVOLVED IN AXON GUIDANCE AND ION TRANSMEMBRANE TRANSPORT FORMING DISTINCT SUB-CLUSTERS. COMPARISON OF NSCS OF BD CASES AND UNAFFECTED SIBLINGS REVEALED ADDITIONAL PATTERNS OF DIFFERENTIATION IN HYDROXYMETHYLATION LEVELS, INCLUDING SITES IN GENES WITH FUNCTIONS RELATED TO SYNAPSE FORMATION AND REGULATION, SUCH AS CUX2 (P = 2.4 X 10(-5)) AND DOK-7 (P = 3.6 X 10(-3)), AS WELL AS AN ENRICHMENT OF GENES INVOLVED IN THE EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX (FDR = 1.0 X 10(-8)). DISCUSSION: TOGETHER, THESE PRELIMINARY RESULTS LEND EVIDENCE TOWARD A POTENTIAL ROLE FOR 5HMC IN BOTH EARLY NEURONAL DIFFERENTIATION AND BD RISK, WITH VALIDATION AND MORE COMPREHENSIVE CHARACTERIZATION TO BE ACHIEVED THROUGH FOLLOW-UP STUDY.	2023	

16  4035  35 MACHINE-LEARNED ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL AND GLIAL/OPIOID INTERSECTION-RELATED DNA METHYLATION IN PATIENTS WITH PERSISTENT PAIN AFTER BREAST CANCER SURGERY. BACKGROUND: GLIAL CELLS IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM PLAY A KEY ROLE IN NEUROINFLAMMATION AND SUBSEQUENT CENTRAL SENSITIZATION TO PAIN. THEY ARE THEREFORE INVOLVED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PERSISTENT PAIN. ONE OF THE MAIN SITES OF INTERACTION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM WITH PERSISTENT PAIN HAS BEEN IDENTIFIED AS NEURO-IMMUNE CROSSTALK AT THE GLIAL-OPIOID INTERFACE. THE PRESENT STUDY EXAMINED A POTENTIAL ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE DNA METHYLATION OF TWO KEY PLAYERS OF GLIAL/OPIOID INTERSECTION AND PERSISTENT POSTOPERATIVE PAIN. METHODS: IN A COHORT OF 140 WOMEN WHO HAD UNDERGONE BREAST CANCER SURGERY, AND WERE ASSIGNED BASED ON A 3-YEAR FOLLOW-UP TO EITHER A PERSISTENT OR NON-PERSISTENT PAIN PHENOTYPE, THE ROLE OF EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF KEY PLAYERS IN THE GLIAL-OPIOID INTERFACE WAS ASSESSED. THE METHYLATION OF GENES CODING FOR THE TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR 4 (TLR4) AS A MAJOR MEDIATOR OF GLIAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO PERSISTENT PAIN OR FOR THE MU-OPIOID RECEPTOR (OPRM1) WAS ANALYZED AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH THE PAIN PHENOTYPE WAS COMPARED WITH THAT CONFERRED BY GLOBAL GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION ASSESSED VIA QUANTIFICATION OF THE METHYLATION IN THE RETROTRANSPOSON LINE1. RESULTS: TRAINING OF MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS INDICATED THAT THE GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION PROVIDED A SIMILAR DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY FOR PERSISTENT PAIN AS PREVIOUSLY ESTABLISHED NON-GENETIC PREDICTORS. HOWEVER, THE DIAGNOSIS CAN BE BASED ON A SINGLE DNA BASED MARKER. BY CONTRAST, THE METHYLATION OF TLR4 OR OPRM1 GENES COULD NOT CONTRIBUTE FURTHER TO THE ALLOCATION OF THE PATIENTS TO THE PAIN-RELATED PHENOTYPE GROUPS. CONCLUSIONS: WHILE CLEARLY SUPPORTING A PREDICTIVE UTILITY OF EPIGENETIC TESTING, THE PRESENT ANALYSIS CANNOT PROVIDE SUPPORT FOR SPECIFIC EPIGENETIC MODULATION OF PERSISTENT POSTOPERATIVE PAIN VIA METHYLATION OF TWO KEY GENES OF THE GLIAL-OPIOID INTERFACE.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
17  6427  37 THE TRANSITION FROM ACUTE TO CHRONIC PAIN: DYNAMIC EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING OF THE MOUSE PREFRONTAL CORTEX UP TO 1 YEAR AFTER NERVE INJURY. CHRONIC PAIN IS ASSOCIATED WITH PERSISTENT STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHANGES THROUGHOUT THE NEUROAXIS, INCLUDING IN THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX (PFC). THE PFC IS IMPORTANT IN THE INTEGRATION OF SENSORY, COGNITIVE, AND EMOTIONAL INFORMATION AND IN CONDITIONED PAIN MODULATION. WE PREVIOUSLY REPORTED WIDESPREAD EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING IN THE PFC MANY MONTHS AFTER NERVE INJURY IN RODENTS. EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, INCLUDING DNA METHYLATION, CAN DRIVE CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION WITHOUT MODIFYING DNA SEQUENCES. TO DATE, LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT EPIGENETIC DYSREGULATION AT THE ONSET OF ACUTE PAIN OR HOW IT PROGRESSES AS PAIN TRANSITIONS FROM ACUTE TO CHRONIC. WE HYPOTHESIZE THAT ACUTE PAIN AFTER INJURY RESULTS IN RAPID AND PERSISTENT EPIGENETIC REMODELLING IN THE PFC THAT EVOLVES AS PAIN BECOMES CHRONIC. WE FURTHER PROPOSE THAT UNDERSTANDING EPIGENETIC REMODELLING WILL PROVIDE INSIGHTS INTO THE MECHANISMS DRIVING PAIN-RELATED CHANGES IN THE BRAIN. EPIGENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS WAS PERFORMED IN THE MOUSE PFC 1 DAY, 2 WEEKS, 6 MONTHS, AND 1 YEAR AFTER PERIPHERAL INJURY USING THE SPARED NERVE INJURY IN MICE. SPARED NERVE INJURY RESULTED IN RAPID AND PERSISTENT CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION, WITH ROBUST DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION OBSERVED BETWEEN SPARED NERVE INJURY AND SHAM-OPERATED CONTROL MICE AT ALL TIME POINTS. HUNDREDS OF DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED GENES WERE IDENTIFIED, INCLUDING MANY WITH KNOWN FUNCTION IN PAIN. PATHWAY ANALYSIS REVEALED ENRICHMENT IN GENES RELATED TO STIMULUS RESPONSE AT EARLY TIME POINTS, IMMUNE FUNCTION AT LATER TIME POINTS, AND ACTIN AND CYTOSKELETAL REGULATION THROUGHOUT THE TIME COURSE. THESE RESULTS EMPHASIZE THE IMPORTANCE OF CONSIDERING PAIN CHRONICITY IN BOTH PAIN RESEARCH AND IN TREATMENT OPTIMIZATION.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
18  3056  38 GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION ANALYSIS IMPLICATES ENRICHMENT OF INTERFERON PATHWAY IN AFRICAN AMERICAN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS AND EUROPEAN AMERICANS WITH LUPUS NEPHRITIS. SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE) IS A CHRONIC, MULTISYSTEM, INFLAMMATORY AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE THAT DISPROPORTIONATELY AFFECTS WOMEN. TRENDS IN SLE PREVALENCE AND CLINICAL COURSE DIFFER BY ANCESTRY, WITH THOSE OF AFRICAN AMERICAN ANCESTRY PRESENTING WITH MORE ACTIVE, SEVERE AND RAPIDLY PROGRESSIVE DISEASE THAN EUROPEAN AMERICANS. PREVIOUS RESEARCH ESTABLISHED ALTERED EPIGENETIC SIGNATURES IN SLE PATIENTS COMPARED TO CONTROLS. HOWEVER, THE CONTRIBUTION OF ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION (DNAM) TO THE RISK OF SLE BY ANCESTRY AND DIFFERENCES AMONG PATIENTS WITH SLE-ASSOCIATED LUPUS NEPHRITIS (LN) HAS NOT BEEN WELL DESCRIBED. WE EVALUATED THE DNA METHYLOMES OF 87 INDIVIDUALS INCLUDING 41 SLE PATIENTS, WITH AND WITHOUT LN, AND 46 CONTROLS ENROLLED IN AN ANCESTRY DIVERSE, WELL-CHARACTERIZED COHORT STUDY OF ESTABLISHED SLE (41 SLE PATIENTS [20 SLE-LN+, 21 SLE-LN-] AND 46 SEX-, RACE- AND AGE-MATCHED CONTROLS; 55% AFRICAN AMERICAN, 45% EUROPEAN AMERICAN). PARTICIPANTS WERE GENOTYPED USING THE INFINIUM GLOBAL DIVERSITY ARRAY (GDA), AND GENETIC ANCESTRY WAS ESTIMATED USING PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS. GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION WAS INITIALLY MEASURED USING THE ILLUMINA METHYLATIONEPIC 850K BEADCHIP ARRAY FOLLOWED BY METHYLATION-SPECIFIC QPCR TO VALIDATE THE METHYLATION STATUS AT PUTATIVE LOCI. DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED POSITIONS (DMP) WERE IDENTIFIED USING A CASE-CONTROL APPROACH ADJUSTED FOR ANCESTRY. WE IDENTIFIED A TOTAL OF 51 DMPS IN CPGS AMONG SLE PATIENTS COMPARED TO CONTROLS. GENES PROXIMAL TO THESE CPGS WERE HIGHLY ENRICHED FOR INVOLVEMENT IN TYPE I INTERFERON SIGNALING. DMPS AMONG EUROPEAN AMERICAN SLE PATIENTS WITH LN WERE SIMILAR TO AFRICAN AMERICAN SLE PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT LN. OUR FINDINGS WERE VALIDATED USING AN ORTHOGONAL, METHYL-SPECIFIC PCR FOR THREE SLE-ASSOCIATED DMPS NEAR OR PROXIMAL TO MX1, USP18, AND IFITM1. OUR STUDY CONFIRMS PREVIOUS REPORTS THAT DMPS IN CPGS ASSOCIATED WITH SLE ARE ENRICHED IN TYPE I INTERFERON GENES. HOWEVER, WE SHOW THAT EUROPEAN AMERICAN SLE PATIENTS WITH LN HAVE SIMILAR DNAM PATTERNS TO AFRICAN AMERICAN SLE PATIENTS IRRESPECTIVE OF LN, SUGGESTING THAT ABERRANT DNAM ALTERS ACTIVITY OF TYPE I INTERFERON PATHWAY LEADING TO MORE SEVERE DISEASE INDEPENDENT OF ANCESTRY.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
19  4304  28 MICRORNA-223 PROTECTS NEURONS FROM DEGENERATION IN EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS. MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS IS A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY, DEMYELINATING, AND NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE AFFECTING THE BRAIN, SPINAL CORD AND OPTIC NERVES. NEURONAL DAMAGE IS TRIGGERED BY VARIOUS HARMFUL FACTORS THAT ENGAGE DIVERSE SIGNALLING CASCADES IN NEURONS; THUS, THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES TO PROTECT NEURONS WILL NEED TO FOCUS ON AGENTS THAT CAN TARGET MULTIPLE BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES. WE HAVE THEREFORE FOCUSED OUR ATTENTION ON MICRORNAS: SMALL NON-CODING RNAS THAT PRIMARILY FUNCTION AS POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATORS THAT TARGET MESSENGER RNAS AND REPRESS THEIR TRANSLATION INTO PROTEINS. A SINGLE MICRORNA CAN TARGET MANY FUNCTIONALLY RELATED MESSENGER RNAS MAKING MICRORNAS POWERFUL EPIGENETIC REGULATORS. DYSREGULATION OF MICRORNAS HAS BEEN DESCRIBED IN MANY NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES INCLUDING MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS. HERE, WE REPORT THAT TWO MICRORNAS, MIR-223-3P AND MIR-27A-3P, ARE UPREGULATED IN NEURONS IN THE EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS MOUSE MODEL OF CNS INFLAMMATION AND IN GREY MATTER-CONTAINING MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS LESIONS. PRIOR WORK HAS SHOWN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELL CONDITIONED MEDIA CAUSES SUBLETHAL DEGENERATION OF NEURONS IN CULTURE. WE FIND OVEREXPRESSION OF MIR-27A-3P OR MIR-223-3P PROTECTS DISSOCIATED CORTICAL NEURONS FROM CONDITION MEDIA MEDIATED DEGENERATION. INTRODUCTION OF MIR-223-3P IN VIVO IN MOUSE RETINAL GANGLION CELLS PROTECTS THEIR AXONS FROM DEGENERATION IN EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS. IN SILICO ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT MESSENGER RNAS INVOLVED IN GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR SIGNALLING ARE ENRICHED AS MIR-27A-3P AND MIR-223-3P TARGETS. WE OBSERVE THAT ANTAGONISM OF NMDA AND AMPA TYPE GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS PROTECTS NEURONS FROM CONDITION MEDIA DEPENDENT DEGENERATION. OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT MIR-223-3P AND MIR-27A-3P ARE UPREGULATED IN RESPONSE TO INFLAMMATION TO MEDIATE A COMPENSATORY NEUROPROTECTIVE GENE EXPRESSION PROGRAM THAT DESENSITIZES NEURONS TO GLUTAMATE BY TARGETING MESSENGER RNAS INVOLVED IN GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR SIGNALLING.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
20  3380  27 HIV-1 INFECTION OF GENETICALLY ENGINEERED IPSC-DERIVED CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM-ENGRAFTED MICROGLIA IN A HUMANIZED MOUSE MODEL. THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) IS A MAJOR HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE 1 RESERVOIR. MICROGLIA ARE THE PRIMARY TARGET CELL OF HIV-1 INFECTION IN THE CNS. CURRENT MODELS HAVE NOT ALLOWED THE PRECISE MOLECULAR PATHWAYS OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC CNS MICROGLIAL INFECTION TO BE TESTED WITH IN VIVO GENETIC METHODS. HERE, WE DESCRIBE A NOVEL HUMANIZED MOUSE MODEL UTILIZING HUMAN-INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELL-DERIVED MICROGLIA TO XENOGRAFT INTO MURINE HOSTS. THESE MICE ARE ADDITIONALLY ENGRAFTED WITH HUMAN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS THAT SERVED AS A MEDIUM TO ESTABLISH A PERIPHERAL INFECTION THAT THEN SPREAD TO THE CNS MICROGLIA XENOGRAFT, MODELING A TRANS-BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER ROUTE OF ACUTE CNS HIV-1 INFECTION WITH HUMAN TARGET CELLS. THE APPROACH IS COMPATIBLE WITH IPSC GENETIC ENGINEERING, INCLUDING INSERTING TARGETED TRANSGENIC REPORTER CASSETTES TO TRACK THE XENOGRAFTED HUMAN CELLS, ENABLING THE TESTING OF NOVEL TREATMENT AND VIRAL TRACKING STRATEGIES IN A COMPARATIVELY SIMPLE AND COST-EFFECTIVE WAY VIVO MODEL FOR NEUROHIV. IMPORTANCE: OUR MOUSE MODEL IS A POWERFUL TOOL FOR INVESTIGATING THE GENETIC MECHANISMS GOVERNING CNS HIV-1 INFECTION AND LATENCY IN THE CNS AT A SINGLE-CELL LEVEL. A MAJOR ADVANTAGE OF OUR MODEL IS THAT IT USES IPSC-DERIVED MICROGLIA, WHICH ENABLES HUMAN GENETICS, INCLUDING GENE FUNCTION AND THERAPEUTIC GENE MANIPULATION, TO BE EXPLORED IN VIVO , WHICH IS MORE CHALLENGING TO STUDY WITH CURRENT HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL-BASED MODELS FOR NEUROHIV. OUR TRANSGENIC TRACING OF XENOGRAFTED HUMAN CELLS WILL PROVIDE A QUANTITATIVE MEDIUM TO DEVELOP NEW MOLECULAR AND EPIGENETIC STRATEGIES FOR REDUCING THE HIV-1 LATENT RESERVOIR AND TO TEST THE IMPACT OF THERAPEUTIC INFLAMMATION-TARGETING DRUG INTERVENTIONS ON CNS HIV-1 LATENCY.	2023