1  5137 150 POTENTIAL MECHANISMS OF NON-SUICIDAL SELF-INJURY (NSSI) IN MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. BACKGROUND: NON-SUICIDAL SELF-INJURY (NSSI) IS A FREQUENT AND PROMINENT PHENOMENON IN MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER (MDD). EVEN THOUGH ITS PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS ARE RELATIVELY WELL UNDERSTOOD, THE POTENTIAL MECHANISMS OF NSSI IN MDD REMAIN ELUSIVE. AIMS: TO REVIEW PRESENT EVIDENCE RELATED TO THE POTENTIAL MECHANISMS OF NSSI IN MDD. METHODS: ACCORDING TO PREFERRED REPORTING ITEMS FOR SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS AND META-ANALYSES 2020 GUIDELINES, ARTICLES FOR THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WERE SEARCHED ON MEDLINE (THROUGH PUBMED), EMBASE (THROUGH ELSEVIER), PSYCINFO (THROUGH OVID) AND WEB OF SCIENCE DATABASES FOR ENGLISH ARTICLES, AS WELL AS CHINA NATIONAL KNOWLEDGE INFRASTRUCTURE (CNKI), SINOMED, WANFANG DATA, AND THE CHONGQING VIP CHINESE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PERIODICAL (VIP) DATABASES FOR CHINESE ARTICLES PUBLISHED FROM THE DATE OF INCEPTION TO 2 AUGUST 2022. TWO RESEARCHERS (BW, HZ) INDEPENDENTLY SCREENED STUDIES BASED ON INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA AND ASSESSED THEIR QUALITY. RESULTS: A TOTAL OF 25 157 STUDIES WERE SEARCHED. ONLY 25 OF THEM WERE ULTIMATELY INCLUDED, CONTAINING 3336 SUBJECTS (1535 PATIENTS WITH MDD AND NSSI, 1403 PATIENTS WITH MDD WITHOUT NSSI AND 398 HCS). INCLUDED STUDIES WERE DIVIDED INTO 6 CATEGORIES: PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS (11 STUDIES), NEUROIMAGING (8 STUDIES), STRESS AND HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL (HPA) AXIS (2 STUDIES), PAIN PERCEPTION (1 STUDY), ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM (EEG) (2 STUDIES) AND EPIGENETICS (1 STUDY). CONCLUSIONS: THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW INDICATES THAT PATIENTS WITH MDD AND NSSI MIGHT HAVE SPECIFIC PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS, ABERRANT BRAIN FUNCTIONS AND NEUROCHEMICAL METABOLISMS, HPA AXIS DYSFUNCTIONS, ABNORMAL PAIN PERCEPTIONS AND EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
2  1827  28 EFFECTS OF HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF EPILEPSY AND PSYCHIATRIC COMORBIDITY IN WAG/RIJ RATS. EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS, SUCH AS ALTERATIONS IN HISTONE ACETYLATION BASED ON HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDACS) ACTIVITY, HAVE BEEN LINKED NOT ONLY TO NORMAL BRAIN FUNCTION BUT ALSO TO SEVERAL BRAIN DISORDERS INCLUDING EPILEPSY AND THE EPILEPTOGENIC PROCESS. IN WAG/RIJ RATS, A GENETIC MODEL OF ABSENCE EPILEPSY, EPILEPTOGENESIS AND MILD-DEPRESSION COMORBIDITY, WE INVESTIGATED THE EFFECTS OF TWO HDAC INHIBITORS (HDACI), NAMELY SODIUM BUTYRATE (NAB), VALPROIC ACID (VPA) AND THEIR CO-ADMINISTRATION, ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ABSENCE SEIZURES AND RELATED PSYCHIATRIC/NEUROLOGIC COMORBIDITIES FOLLOWING TWO DIFFERENT EXPERIMENTAL PARADIGMS. TREATMENT EFFECTS HAVE BEEN EVALUATED BY EEG RECORDINGS (EEG) AND BEHAVIOURAL TESTS AT DIFFERENT TIME POINTS. PROLONGED AND DAILY VPA AND NAB TREATMENT, STARTED BEFORE ABSENCE SEIZURE ONSET (P30), SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED THE DEVELOPMENT OF ABSENCE EPILEPSY SHOWING ANTIEPILEPTOGENIC EFFECTS. THESE EFFECTS WERE ENHANCED BY NAB/VPA CO-ADMINISTRATION. FURTHERMORE, EARLY-CHRONIC HDACI TREATMENT IMPROVED DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIOUR AND COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE 1 MONTH AFTER TREATMENT WITHDRAWAL. WAG/RIJ RATS OF 7 MONTHS OF AGE SHOWED REDUCED ACETYLATED LEVELS OF HISTONE H3 AND H4, ANALYSED BY WESTERN BLOTTING OF HOMOGENIZED BRAIN, IN COMPARISON TO WAG/RIJ BEFORE SEIZURE ONSET (P30). THE BRAIN HISTONE ACETYLATION INCREASED SIGNIFICANTLY DURING TREATMENT WITH NAB OR VPA ALONE AND MORE MARKEDLY DURING CO-ADMINISTRATION. WE ALSO OBSERVED DECREASED EXPRESSION OF BOTH HDAC1 AND 3 FOLLOWING HDACI TREATMENT COMPARED TO CONTROL GROUP. OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT HISTONE MODIFICATIONS MAY HAVE A CRUCIAL ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF EPILEPSY AND EARLY TREATMENT WITH HDACI MIGHT BE A POSSIBLE STRATEGY FOR PREVENTING EPILEPTOGENESIS ALSO AFFECTING BEHAVIOURAL COMORBIDITIES.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
3  6156  21 THE GENETIC INFLUENCE ON THE CORTICAL PROCESSING OF EXPERIMENTAL PAIN AND THE MODERATING EFFECT OF PAIN STATUS. BACKGROUND: RESEARCH SUGGESTS THAT THE COMT VAL(158)MET, BDNF VAL(66)MET AND OPRM1 A(118)G POLYMORPHISMS MODERATE THE EXPERIENCE OF PAIN. IN ORDER TO OBTAIN EXPERIMENTAL CONFIRMATION AND EXTENSION OF FINDINGS, CORTICAL PROCESSING OF EXPERIMENTALLY-INDUCED PAIN WAS USED. METHOD: A SAMPLE OF 78 INDIVIDUALS WITH CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN COMPLAINTS AND 37 HEALTHY CONTROLS UNDERWENT EEG REGISTRATION. EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS WERE MEASURED IN RESPONSE TO ELECTRICAL NOCICEPTIVE STIMULI AND MODERATION BY COMT VAL(158)MET, BDNF VAL(66)MET AND OPRM1 A(118)G POLYMORPHISMS WAS ASSESSED. RESULTS: GENETIC VARIATION DID NOT HAVE A DIRECT EFFECT ON CORTICAL PROCESSING OF EXPERIMENTAL PAIN. HOWEVER, GENETIC EFFECTS (COMT VAL(158)MET AND BDNF VAL(66)MET) ON EXPERIMENTAL PAIN WERE MODERATED BY THE PRESENCE OF CHRONIC PAIN. IN THE PRESENCE OF CHRONIC PAIN, THE COMT MET ALLELE AND THE BDNF MET ALLELE AUGMENTED CORTICAL PAIN PROCESSING, WHILST REDUCING PAIN PROCESSING IN PAIN-FREE CONTROLS. NO SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS WERE FOUND CONCERNING THE OPRM1 A(118)G POLYMORPHISM. CONCLUSIONS: THE CURRENT STUDY SUGGESTS THAT CHRONIC EXPERIENCE OF PAIN ENHANCES GENETIC SENSITIVITY TO EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED MILDLY PAINFUL STIMULI, POSSIBLY THROUGH A PROCESS OF EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION.	2010	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
4  4913  22 PAIN MODULATION IN WAG/RIJ EPILEPTIC RATS (A GENETIC MODEL OF ABSENCE EPILEPSY): EFFECTS OF BIOLOGICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS. EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS ARE INVOLVED IN EPILEPSY AND CHRONIC PAIN DEVELOPMENT. ABOUT THAT, WE STUDIED THE EFFECTS OF THE NATURAL HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC) INHIBITOR SODIUM BUTYRATE (BUT) IN COMPARISON WITH VALPROIC ACID (VPA) IN A VALIDATED GENETIC MODEL OF GENERALIZED ABSENCE EPILEPSY AND EPILEPTOGENESIS. WAG/RIJ RATS WERE TREATED WITH BUT (30 MG/KG), VPA (300 MG/KG), AND THEIR COMBINATION (BUT + VPA) DAILY PER OS FOR 6 MONTHS. RATS WERE SUBJECTED AT RANDALL-SELITTO, VON FREY, HOT PLATE, AND TAIL FLICK TESTS AFTER 1, 3, AND 6 MONTHS OF TREATMENT TO EVALUATE HYPERSENSITIVITY TO NOXIOUS AND NON-NOXIUOUS STIMULI. MOREOVER, PPAR-GAMMA (G3335 1 MG/KG), GABA-B (CGP35348 80 MG/KG), AND OPIOID (NALOXONE 1 MG/KG) RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS WERE ADMINISTRATED TO INVESTIGATE THE POSSIBLE MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN ANALGESIC ACTIVITY. THE EXPRESSION OF NFKB, GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE, AND PROTEIN OXIDATION (CARBONYLATION) WAS ALSO EVALUATED BY WESTERN BLOT ANALYSIS. WAG/RIJ RATS SHOWED AN ALTERED PAIN THRESHOLD THROUGHOUT THE STUDY (P < 0.001). BUT AND BUT + VPA TREATMENT REDUCED HYPERSENSITIVITY (P < 0.01). VPA WAS SIGNIFICANTLY EFFECTIVE ONLY AFTER 1 MONTH (P < 0.01). ALL THE THREE RECEPTORS ARE INVOLVED IN BUT + VPA EFFECTS (P < 0.001). BUT AND BUT + VPA DECREASED THE EXPRESSION OF NFKB AND ENHANCED GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE (P < 0.01); PROTEIN OXIDATION (CARBONYLATION) WAS REDUCED (P < 0.01). NO EFFECT WAS REPORTED WITH VPA. IN CONCLUSION BUT, ALONE OR IN COADMINISTRATION WITH VPA, IS A VALUABLE CANDIDATE FOR MANAGING THE EPILEPSY-RELATED PERSISTENT PAIN.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
5  1299  19 DECREASED REELIN EXPRESSION IN THE LEFT PREFRONTAL CORTEX (BA9) IN CHRONIC SCHIZOPHRENIA PATIENTS. BACKGROUND: REELIN IS UNDER EPIGENETIC CONTROL AND HAS BEEN REPORTED TO BE DECREASED IN CORTICAL REGIONS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA. METHODS: TO ESTABLISH IF EXPRESSION OF REELIN IS ALTERED IN SPECIFIC CORTICAL, HIPPOCAMPAL OR THALAMIC REGIONS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA PATIENTS, WE MEASURED GENE EXPRESSION OF REELIN IN A POSTMORTEM STUDY OF ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA AND NON-AFFECTED CONTROLS IN BOTH HEMISPHERES DIFFERENTIATING BETWEEN GRAY AND WHITE MATTER. WE COMPARED CEREBRAL POSTMORTEM SAMPLES (DORSOLATERAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX BA9 AND BA46, SUPERIOR TEMPORAL CORTEX BA22, ENTORHINAL CORTEX BA28, SENSORIC CORTEX BA1-3, HIPPOCAMPUS, CA4, MEDIODORSAL NUCLEUS OF THE THALAMUS) FROM 12 SCHIZOPHRENIA PATIENTS WITH 13 NORMAL SUBJECTS INVESTIGATING GENE EXPRESSION OF REELIN IN THE GRAY AND WHITE MATTER OF BOTH HEMISPHERES BY IN SITU-HYBRIDIZATION. RESULTS: THE LEFT PREFRONTAL AREA (BA9) OF SCHIZOPHRENIA PATIENTS REVEALED A DECREASED EXPRESSION OF REELIN-MRNA OF 29.1% IN THE WHITE (P = 0.022) AND 13.6% IN THE GRAY MATTER (P = 0.007) COMPARED TO THE CONTROL GROUP. NONE OF THE OTHER REGIONS EXAMINED SHOWED ANY STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES. CONCLUSION: SINCE REELIN IS RESPONSIBLE FOR MIGRATION AND SYNAPSE FORMATION, THE DECREASED GENE EXPRESSION OF REELIN IN THE LEFT PREFRONTAL AREA OF SCHIZOPHRENIA PATIENTS POINTS TO NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DEFICITS IN NEURONAL MIGRATION AND SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY. HOWEVER, OUR STUDY GROUP WAS SMALL, AND RESULTS SHOULD BE VERIFIED USING LARGER SAMPLES.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
6  5201  23 PRENATAL MORPHINE EXPOSURE INCREASES GAMMA OSCILLATION AND THETA COHERENCE IN THE RAT REWARD SYSTEM. PREVIOUS STUDIES HAVE FOUND THAT PRENATAL MORPHINE (PNM) EXPOSURE LEADS TO BOTH INCREASED AND DECREASED RISK OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE IN OFFSPRING. UNDERSTANDING MORE ABOUT THE NEUROBIOLOGICAL CHANGES AFTER THE PNM EXPOSURE WOULD HELP TO UNDERSTAND MORE ABOUT THIS ISSUE. SIGNALING FROM DOPAMINE NEURONS OF THE VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA (VTA) IN THE MESOACCUMBAL AND MESOCORTICAL PATHWAYS PLAYS A VITAL ROLE IN DRUG DEPENDENCY. TO PROVIDE FURTHER KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE EFFECTS OF PNM ON DRUG SEEKING BEHAVIOR AND THE DOPAMINE SYSTEM. WE RECORDED LOCAL FIELD POTENTIALS (LFP) SIMULTANEOUSLY IN THE VTA, NAC (NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS), BLA (BASOLATERAL AMYGDALA) AND MPFC (MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX) IN MALE ADULT RATS PRENATALLY TREATED WITH SALINE OR MORPHINE. MORPHINE (10 MG/KG) INDUCED CONDITIONED PLACE PREFERENCE (CPP) ESTABLISHMENT, EXTINCTION AND PRIMING WERE TESTED TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECTS OF PNM ON ADDICTIVE-LIKE BEHAVIOR. IN ADDITION, THE EXPRESSION OF NUCLEAR HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDAC4, HDAC5), WHICH PLAYS ESSENTIAL EPIGENETIC ROLES IN NEUROPLASTICITY AFTER DRUG USE WERE ALSO TESTED IN VTA AND NAC. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT PNM DID NOT CHANGE THE ACQUISITION OF MORPHINE CPP IN MALE RATS, BUT IMPAIRED CPP EXTINCTION AND MORPHINE (5 MG/KG) - PRIMED REINSTATEMENT OF CPP AFTER EXTINCTION. PNM INCREASED THE LOW GAMMA (30-60 HZ) AND HIGH (60-90 HZ) GAMMA LFP POWERS IN NAC AND BLA. PNM ALSO LEADS TO INCREASED THETA (4-9 HZ) COHERENCE BETWEEN VTA AND NAC, AND INCREASED HDAC5 EXPRESSION IN VTA. AFTER CHRONIC MORPHINE ADMINISTRATION, COHERENCE BETWEEN VTA-NAC, MPFC-NAC AND MPFC-BLA INCREASED SIGNIFICANTLY IN PNS RATS, BUT NO CHANGES WERE FIND IN PNM RATS, INDICATING IMPAIRED PLASTICITY IN BRAIN CIRCUITS. ALL THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT PNM EXPOSURE INCREASED REWARD PROCESSING IN ADULT MALE RATS, BUT IMPAIRED MORPHINE CPP EXTINCTION AND REINSTATEMENT, WHICH RELATE TO DECREASES NETWORK PLASTICITY AND INCREASED HDAC5 EXPRESSION IN THE REWARD SYSTEM.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
7   434  30 ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE EFFECT OF SODIUM BUTYRATE IS ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASE IN TET1 AND IN 5-HYDROXYMETHYLATION LEVELS IN THE BDNF GENE. BACKGROUND: EPIGENETIC DRUGS LIKE SODIUM BUTYRATE (NAB) SHOW ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE EFFECTS IN PRECLINICAL STUDIES, BUT THE EXACT MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF THE ANTIDEPRESSANT EFFECTS REMAIN UNKNOWN. WHILE RESEARCH USING NAB HAS MAINLY FOCUSED ON ITS ROLE AS A HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR (HDACI), THERE IS ALSO EVIDENCE THAT NAB AFFECTS DNA METHYLATION. METHODS: THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO EXAMINE NAB'S PUTATIVE ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE EFFICACY IN RELATION TO DNA METHYLATION CHANGES IN THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX OF AN ESTABLISHED GENETIC RAT MODEL OF DEPRESSION (THE FLINDERS SENSITIVE LINE [FSL]) AND ITS CONTROLS (THE FLINDERS RESISTANT LINE). RESULTS: THE FSL RATS HAD LOWER LEVELS OF TEN-ELEVEN TRANSLOCATION METHYLCYTOSINE DIOXYGENASE 1 (TET1), WHICH CATALYZES THE CONVERSION OF DNA METHYLATION TO HYDROXYMETHYLATION. AS INDICATED BY THE BEHAVIORAL DESPAIR TEST, CHRONIC ADMINISTRATION OF NAB HAD ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE EFFECTS IN THE FSL AND WAS ACCOMPANIED BY INCREASED LEVELS OF TET1. THE TET1 UPREGULATION WAS ALSO ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASE OF HYDROXYMETHYLATION AND A DECREASE OF METHYLATION IN BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF), A GENE ASSOCIATED WITH NEUROGENESIS AND SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY. THESE EPIGENETIC CHANGES WERE ASSOCIATED WITH A CORRESPONDING BDNF OVEREXPRESSION. CONCLUSIONS: OUR DATA SUPPORT THE ANTIDEPRESSANT EFFICACY OF HDACIS AND SUGGEST THAT THEIR EPIGENETIC EFFECTS MAY ALSO INCLUDE DNA METHYLATION CHANGES THAT ARE MEDIATED BY DEMETHYLATION-FACILITATING ENZYMES LIKE TET1.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
8  3318  19 HISTONE ACETYLATION AND EXPRESSION OF MONO-AMINERGIC TRANSMITTERS SYNTHETASES INVOLVED IN CUS-INDUCED DEPRESSIVE RATS. HISTONE ACETYLATION HAS BEEN LINKED TO DEPRESSION, THE ETIOLOGY OF WHICH INVOLVES MANY FACTORS SUCH AS GENETICS, ENVIRONMENTS, AND EPIGENETICS. THE AIM OF THE PRESENT STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE WHETHER IT WAS ASSOCIATED WITH EPIGENETIC HISTONE MODIFICATION AND GENE EXPRESSION OF ENZYMES RESPONSIBLE FOR THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF NOREPINEPHRINE AND SEROTONIN IN RAT DEPRESSION MODEL INDUCED BY CHRONIC UNPREDICTABLE STRESS (CUS). EIGHT-WEEK-OLD MALE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS WERE EXPOSED TO CUS OVER 28 DAYS. IT WAS SHOWN THAT THE CUS-INDUCED RATS DISPLAYED REMARKED ANXIETY- AND DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIOR WITH WEAKENED LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY IN OPEN FIELD TEST AND PROLONGED IMMOBILITY IN FORCED SWIMMING TEST. WESTERN BLOT REVEALED THAT CUS LED TO SIGNIFICANT DECREASE IN ACETYLATION OF H3 AT LYSINE 9 (K9) AND H4 AT LYSINE 12 (K12) WITH OBVIOUSLY INCREASING HISTONE DEACETYLASES 5 (HDAC5) EXPRESSION IN HIPPOCAMPUS OF CUS-INDUCED RATS. MEANWHILE, THERE WAS AN OBVIOUSLY DECREASED EXPRESSION OF TYROSINE HYDROXYLASE (TH) AND TRYPTOPHAN HYDROXYLASE (TPH) BOTH AT PROTEIN AND MRNA LEVELS. ADMINISTRATION OF SODIUM VALPROATE (VPA), A HISTONE DEACETYLASE 5 (HDAC5) INHIBITOR, NOT ONLY SIGNIFICANTLY RELIEVED THE ANXIETY- AND DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS OF CUS-INDUCED RATS BUT ALSO CLEARLY BLUNTED DECREASE OF H3(K9) AND H4(K12) ACETYLATION AND EXPRESSION OF TH AND TPH, AND PREVENTED INCREASE OF HDAC5 EXPRESSION. THE RESULTS INDICATE THAT THERE EXISTS POSSIBLE INTERRELATION BETWEEN TH AND TPH GENE EXPRESSION AND EPIGENETIC HISTONE ACETYLATION IN CUS-INDUCED DEPRESSIVE RATS, WHICH AT LEAST PARTLY CONTRIBUTES TO THE ETIOLOGY OF DEPRESSION.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
9  6551  35 TRANSGENERATIONAL BLUNTING OF MORPHINE-INDUCED CORTICOSTERONE SECRETION IS ASSOCIATED WITH DYSREGULATED GENE EXPRESSION IN MALE OFFSPRING. A NUMBER OF PARENTAL EXPERIENCES, EVEN WHEN OCCURRING PRIOR TO CONCEPTION, HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO INDUCE TRANSGENERATIONAL EFFECTS BEYOND THE FIRST GENERATION. IN THE CASE OF EXPOSURE TO DRUGS OF ABUSE, STUDIES IN RODENTS SUGGEST THAT OFFSPRING DEMONSTRATE SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES IN HOW THEY RESPOND TO THE DRUG TO WHICH THEIR PARENT WAS EXPOSED. WE HAVE PREVIOUSLY OBSERVED SIGNIFICANT ALTERATIONS IN MORPHINE ANALGESIA, CONDITIONED PLACE PREFERENCE AND SELF-ADMINISTRATION IN THE OFFSPRING OF FEMALES EXPOSED TO MORPHINE DURING ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT. IN ADDITION TO EFFECTS ON PAIN PERCEPTION AND REWARD, MORPHINE ALSO MODULATES THE HYPOTHALAMIC PITUITARY ADRENAL (HPA) AXIS. THE PURPOSE OF THE CURRENT STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE WHETHER FEMALE ADOLESCENT MORPHINE EXPOSURE RESULTS IN TRANSGENERATIONAL EFFECTS ON REGULATION OF THE HPA AXIS BY MORPHINE IN FUTURE GENERATIONS. ADOLESCENT MORPHINE WAS ADMINISTERED TO FEMALE SPRAGUE DAWLEY RATS USING A 10 DAY, ESCALATING DOSE REGIMEN OF MORPHINE (5-25 MG/KG; FROM 30 TO 39 DAYS OF AGE). CONTROL ANIMALS RECEIVED SALINE. BOTH SALINE AND MORPHINE EXPOSED FEMALES (SAL-F0 AND MOR-F0, RESPECTIVELY) WERE MATED WITH DRUG NAIVE MALES BEGINNING AT LEAST 3 WEEKS AFTER THE FINAL INJECTION. PLASMA CORTICOSTERONE LEVELS WERE MEASURED IN MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING (F1) DURING ADULTHOOD FOLLOWING 0, 0.1, OR 10 MG/KG MORPHINE. IN ADDITION, EXPRESSION OF CORTICOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE (CRH) AND MU OPIOID RECEPTOR (OPRM1) IN THE PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS (PVN) WERE MEASURED USING QUANTITATIVE PCR. MOR-F1 MALES, BUT NOT FEMALES, HAD BLUNTED MORPHINE-INDUCED CORTICOSTERONE SECRETION. THIS EFFECT WAS SPECIFIC TO OFFSPRING FROM FEMALES EXPOSED TO MORPHINE DURING ADOLESCENCE AS THOSE EXPOSED DURING ADULTHOOD PRODUCED OFFSPRING IN WHICH THE EFFECT WAS ABSENT. IN ADDITION, MOR-F1 MALES HAD SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER LEVELS OF PVN CRH FOLLOWING SALINE. THESE EFFECTS WERE NOT DRIVEN BY PVN OPRM1 IN THE F1 MALES AS THERE WERE NO DIFFERENCES BASED ON MATERNAL ADOLESCENT EXPOSURE. TO DETERMINE THE PERSISTENCE OF THE BLUNTED MORPHINE-INDUCED CORTICOSTERONE EFFECT, SAL-F2 AND MOR-F2 MALES WERE EXAMINED. BLUNTED MORPHINE-INDUCED CORTICOSTERONE SECRETION EXTENDED INTO THE MOR-F2 GENERATION, AS WELL AS EFFECTS ON CRH. IN ADDITION, THERE WAS ADDITIONAL DYSREGULATION OFOPRM1 EXPRESSION IN THE PVN IN MOR-F2 COMPARED WITH SAL-F2 MALES. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT SEX-SPECIFIC ALTERATIONS IN OPIOID-MEDIATED REGULATION OF THE HPA AXIS ARE TRANSGENERATIONALLY TRANSMITTED FOR AT LEAST TWO GENERATIONS FOLLOWING FEMALE ADOLESCENT MORPHINE EXPOSURE. THESE EFFECTS MAY PLAY A ROLE IN THE PREVIOUSLY OBSERVED CHANGES IN MORPHINE ANALGESIA AND REWARD-RELATED BEHAVIORS OBSERVED IN THIS PHENOTYPE. IN ADDITION, ALTERATIONS IN HPA FUNCTIONING SUCH AS THESE MAY PLAY A BROAD ROLE IN TRANSGENERATIONAL EPIGENETIC TRANSMISSION.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
10  6266  27 THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF SUICIDE. THE STRESS-DIATHESIS MODEL POSITS THAT SUICIDE IS THE RESULT OF AN INTERACTION BETWEEN STATE-DEPENDENT (ENVIRONMENTAL) STRESSORS AND A TRAIT-LIKE DIATHESIS OR SUSCEPTIBILITY TO SUICIDAL BEHAVIOUR, INDEPENDENT OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS. FINDINGS FROM POST-MORTEM STUDIES OF THE BRAIN AND FROM GENOMIC AND IN-VIVO NEUROIMAGING STUDIES INDICATE A BIOLOGICAL BASIS FOR THIS DIATHESIS, INDICATING THE IMPORTANCE OF NEUROBIOLOGICAL SCREENING AND INTERVENTIONS, IN ADDITION TO COGNITIVE AND MOOD INTERVENTIONS, IN THE PREVENTION OF SUICIDE. EARLY-LIFE ADVERSITY AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS MIGHT EXPLAIN SOME OF THE LINK BETWEEN SUICIDE RISK AND BRAIN CIRCUITRY AND NEUROCHEMISTRY ABNORMALITIES. RESULTS FROM A RANGE OF STUDIES USING DIVERSE DESIGNS AND POST-MORTEM AND IN-VIVO TECHNIQUES SHOW IMPAIRMENTS OF THE SEROTONIN NEUROTRANSMITTER SYSTEM AND THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS STRESS-RESPONSE SYSTEM IN THE DIATHESIS FOR SUICIDAL BEHAVIOUR. THESE IMPAIRMENTS MANIFEST AS IMPAIRED COGNITIVE CONTROL OF MOOD, PESSIMISM, REACTIVE AGGRESSIVE TRAITS, IMPAIRED PROBLEM SOLVING, OVER-REACTIVITY TO NEGATIVE SOCIAL SIGNS, EXCESSIVE EMOTIONAL PAIN, AND SUICIDAL IDEATION, LEADING TO SUICIDAL BEHAVIOUR. BIOMARKERS RELATED TO THE DIATHESIS MIGHT HELP TO INFORM RISK-ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES AND TREATMENT CHOICE IN THE PREVENTION OF SUICIDE.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
11   639  54 BIOMARKERS FOR MYALGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS/CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME (ME/CFS): A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. BACKGROUND: MYALGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS/CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME (ME/CFS) IS A MULTIFACETED CONDITION THAT AFFECTS MOST BODY SYSTEMS. THERE IS CURRENTLY NO KNOWN DIAGNOSTIC BIOMARKER; INSTEAD, DIAGNOSIS IS DEPENDENT ON APPLICATION OF SYMPTOM-BASED CASE CRITERIA FOLLOWING EXCLUSION OF ANY OTHER POTENTIAL MEDICAL CONDITIONS. WHILE THERE ARE SOME STUDIES THAT REPORT POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS FOR ME/CFS, THEIR EFFICACY HAS NOT BEEN VALIDATED. THE AIM OF THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW IS TO COLLATE AND APPRAISE LITERATURE PERTAINING TO A POTENTIAL BIOMARKER(S) WHICH MAY EFFECTIVELY DIFFERENTIATE ME/CFS PATIENTS FROM HEALTHY CONTROLS. METHODS: THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WAS CONDUCTED ACCORDING TO THE PREFERRED REPORTING ITEMS FOR SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS AND META-ANALYSES AND COCHRANE REVIEW GUIDELINES. PUBMED, EMBASE AND SCOPUS WERE SYSTEMATICALLY SEARCHED FOR ARTICLES CONTAINING "BIOMARKER" AND "ME/CFS" KEYWORDS IN THE ABSTRACT OR TITLE AND IF THEY INCLUDED THE FOLLOWING CRITERIA: (1) WERE OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES PUBLISHED BETWEEN DECEMBER 1994 AND APRIL 2022; (2) INVOLVED ADULT HUMAN PARTICIPANTS; (3) FULL TEXT IS AVAILABLE IN ENGLISH (4) ORIGINAL RESEARCH; (5) DIAGNOSIS OF ME/CFS PATIENTS MADE ACCORDING TO THE FUKUDA CRITERIA (1994), CANADIAN CONSENSUS CRITERIA (2003), INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS CRITERIA (2011) OR INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE CRITERIA (2015); (6) STUDY INVESTIGATED POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS OF ME/CFS COMPARED TO HEALTHY CONTROLS. QUALITY AND BIAS WERE ASSESSED USING THE JOANNA BRIGGS INSTITUTE CRITICAL APPRAISAL CHECKLIST FOR CASE CONTROL STUDIES. RESULTS: A TOTAL OF 101 PUBLICATIONS WERE INCLUDED IN THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS RANGED FROM GENETIC/EPIGENETIC (19.8%), IMMUNOLOGICAL (29.7%), METABOLOMICS/MITOCHONDRIAL/MICROBIOME (14.85%), ENDOVASCULAR/CIRCULATORY (17.82%), NEUROLOGICAL (7.92%), ION CHANNEL (8.91%) AND PHYSICAL DYSFUNCTION BIOMARKERS (8.91%). MOST OF THE POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS REPORTED WERE BLOOD-BASED (79.2%). USE OF LYMPHOCYTES AS A MODEL TO INVESTIGATE ME/CFS PATHOLOGY WAS PROMINENT AMONG IMMUNE-BASED BIOMARKERS. MOST BIOMARKERS HAD SECONDARY (43.56%) OR TERTIARY (54.47%) SELECTIVITY, WHICH IS THE ABILITY FOR THE BIOMARKER TO IDENTIFY A DISEASE-CAUSING AGENT, AND A MODERATE (59.40%) TO COMPLEX (39.60%) EASE-OF-DETECTION, INCLUDING THE REQUIREMENT OF SPECIALISED EQUIPMENT. CONCLUSIONS: ALL POTENTIAL ME/CFS BIOMARKERS DIFFERED IN EFFICIENCY, QUALITY, AND TRANSLATABILITY AS A DIAGNOSTIC MARKER. REPRODUCIBILITY OF FINDINGS BETWEEN THE INCLUDED PUBLICATIONS WERE LIMITED, HOWEVER, SEVERAL STUDIES VALIDATED THE INVOLVEMENT OF IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION IN THE PATHOLOGY OF ME/CFS AND THE USE OF LYMPHOCYTES AS A MODEL TO INVESTIGATE THE PATHOMECHANISM OF ILLNESS. THE HETEROGENEITY SHOWN ACROSS MANY OF THE INCLUDED STUDIES HIGHLIGHTS THE NEED FOR MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND UNIFORM PROTOCOLS IN ME/CFS BIOMARKER RESEARCH.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
12  3325  24 HISTONE DEACETYLASE 2-MEDIATED EPIGENETIC REGULATION IS INVOLVED IN THE EARLY ISOFLURANE EXPOSURE-RELATED INCREASE IN SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOUR EVOKED BY CHRONIC VARIABLE STRESS IN MICE. INCREASING STUDIES REPORT THAT PROLONGED OR MULTIPLE ANAESTHETIC EXPOSURES EARLY IN LIFE ARE ASSOCIATED WITH DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS ON BRAIN FUNCTION. ALTHOUGH STUDIES HAVE EVALUATED THE DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS ON NEUROCOGNITIVE FUNCTION, FEW HAVE FOCUSED ON LONG-TERM NEUROPSYCHIATRIC EFFECTS. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, C57BL/6 MICE RECEIVED EITHER THREE NEONATAL ISOFLURANE EXPOSURES OR CONTROL EXPOSURE. STARTING ON POSTNATAL DAY 45, THE MICE WERE EITHER EXPOSED OR NOT TO A CHRONIC VARIABLE STRESS (CVS) PARADIGM, AND CVS-RELATED NEUROPSYCHIATRIC PERFORMANCE WAS EVALUATED USING A SERIES OF BEHAVIOURAL TESTS. THE EXPRESSION LEVELS OF HISTONE 3 LYSINE 9 ACETYLATION (ACETYL-H3K9), BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF), CAMP RESPONSE ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN-BINDING PROTEIN, AND HISTONE DEACETYLASES 1-4 IN THE AMYGDALA WERE MEASURED BY IMMUNOBLOTTING OR IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY ANALYSIS. IN MICE WITH NEONATAL ISOFLURANE EXPOSURE, THE EFFECTS OF SODIUM BUTYRATE (NAB), A COMMONLY USED HDAC INHIBITOR, WERE EXAMINED ON CVS-RELATED BEHAVIOURAL AND MOLECULAR ALTERATIONS. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT REPEATED NEONATAL ISOFLURANE EXPOSURE DID NOT AFFECT INNATE DEPRESSION-LIKE AND ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOURS UNDER NON-STRESS CONDITIONS BUT FACILITATED THE CVS-INDUCED ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOURAL PHENOTYPE. INCREASED HDAC2 EXPRESSION IN THE AMYGDALA WAS ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASE IN THE CVS-INDUCED REPRESSION OF ACETYL-H3K9 AND BDNF EXPRESSION AND AN ENHANCED CVS-EVOKED ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOURAL PHENOTYPE IN MICE NEONATAL ISOFLURANE EXPOSURE. NAB SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED THE CVS-INDUCED ANXIETY LEVEL BY ELEVATING ACETYL-H3K9 AND BDNF EXPRESSION. THESE RESULTS SUGGESTED THAT EARLY ANAESTHESIA EXPOSURE FACILITATED CHRONIC STRESS-INDUCED NEUROPSYCHIATRIC OUTCOMES, AND THE HDAC2-RELATED EPIGENETIC DYSREGULATION OF BDNF GENE EXPRESSION IS INVOLVED IN THE UNDERLYING MECHANISM.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
13  1907  30 ENRICHED ENVIRONMENT PRIORS TO TET1 HIPPOCAMPAL ADMINISTRATION FOR REGULATING PSYCHIATRIC BEHAVIORS VIA GLIAL REACTIVITY IN CHRONIC CEREBRAL HYPOPERFUSION MODELS. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC CEREBRAL HYPOPERFUSION (CCH) HAS BEEN GRADUALLY REGARDED AS A COMMON ETIOLOGIC MECHANISM FOR COGNITIVE AND PSYCHIATRIC DISTURBANCES. TEN-ELEVEN TRANSLOCATION METHYLCYTOSINE DIOXYGENASE 1 (TET1) PLAYED AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN ADULT HIPPOCAMPAL NEUROGENESIS (AHN), NEURONAL CIRCUITS FORMATION, COGNITION AND PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS. ENRICHED ENVIRONMENT (EE) SHOWED A BENEFICIAL EFFECT ON COGNITION AND DEPRESSION VIA EFFECTIVELY REGULATING AHN AND GLIAL REACTIVITY. THIS STUDY AIMED TO ASSESS WHICH STRATEGY WAS FEASIBLE TO IMPROVE COGNITION AND PSYCHIATRIC DISTURBANCES BY COMPARING THE TET1 HIPPOCAMPAL MICROINJECTION AND EE IN CCH MODELS AND TO INVESTIGATE THE POSSIBLE MECHANISMS. METHOD: CCH RATS WERE ESTABLISHED VIA PERMANENT BILATERAL COMMON CAROTID ARTERY OCCLUSION (2-VO). RATS WERE STEREOTAXICALLY INJECTED WITH THE HUMAN CATALYTIC DOMAIN OF TET1 (HTET1) TO OVEREXPRESS THE HTET1 IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS 10 DAYS BEFORE 2-VO. 3 DAYS AFTER 2-VO, RATS WERE SUBJECTED TO STANDARD ENVIRONMENT OR EE WITH FREE ACCESS TO FOOD AND WATER. BEHAVIORAL TESTS WERE USED TO APPRAISE DEPRESSION AND COGNITION BEFORE SACRIFICE. EPIGENETIC MOLECULES, ADULT NEUROGENESIS, SYNAPTIC PROTEINS EXPRESSION, AND GLIAL ACTIVATION WERE ANALYZED USING IMMUNOFLUORESCENT STAINING, QRT-PCR AND WESTERN BLOT. RESULTS: IN THE PRESENT STUDY, WE FOUND BOTH EE AND GENETICAL TREATMENT WITH OVEREXPRESSING HTET1 WERE SUFFICIENT FOR STIMULATING AHN. HOWEVER, PROMOTING ANH COULD NOT DEAL WITH THE COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION AND DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS IN CCH RATS. NOTABLY, A HEALTHY LOCAL BRAIN ENVIRONMENT WITH ELEVATED BDNF AND ASTROCYTES WAS CONDUCIVE TO IMPROVING COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION. MEANWHILE, ASTROCYTES WERE INVOLVED IN THE COGNITIVE REGULATING PROCESS OF NEURONS, PRESYNAPTIC FUNCTION AND MICROGLIA. IN GENERAL, WE HELD THAT DEPRESSIVE DISTURBANCES WERE DETERMINED BY BDNF LEVELS, NEURONAL AND PRESYNAPTIC FUNCTION, AS WELL AS GLIAL ACTIVATION CONTAINING ASTROCYTES AND MICROGLIA. TO FURTHER SUPPORT THIS POINT, WE INVESTIGATED SEVERE DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS THAT WERE STRONGLY CORRELATED WITH THE ACTIVATION OF ASTROGLIA AND MICROGLIA. IMPORTANTLY, CAUSAL MEDIATION ANALYSIS SHOWED SIGNIFICANT MEDIATION BY THE PRESENCE OF REACTIVE GLIAL CELLS IN THE RELATION BETWEEN NEURAL PLASTICITY AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS. FINALLY, WE SHOWED EE PERFORMED BETTER THAN HTET1 TREATMENT FOR COGNITIVE DEFICITS AND DEPRESSION. EE WITH LESS GLIAL REACTIVITY WAS MUCH MORE RESISTANT TO DEPRESSION, WHILE HTET1 WITH MORE GLIAL ACTIVATION WAS MORE VULNERABLE TO DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS. CONCLUSIONS: EE WAS LIKELY TO BE SUPERIOR TO TET1 HIPPOCAMPAL ADMINISTRATION FOR COGNITION AND PSYCHIATRIC BEHAVIORS IN CCH RATS. FURTHERMORE, A HEALTHY LOCAL BRAIN ENVIRONMENT WITH ELEVATED BDNF AND ASTROCYTES WAS CONDUCIVE TO IMPROVING COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION. MORE GLIAL ACTIVATION, AND MORE VULNERABLE TO DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS. THESE RESULTS WERE IMPORTANT FOR OUR UNDERSTANDING OF DISEASE MECHANISMS AND PROVIDED VALUABLE TOOLS FOR THE OVERALL MANAGEMENT OF CCH PATIENTS.	2022	

14  1736  34 EARLY DETECTION AND PREVENTION OF SCHIZOPHRENIC PSYCHOSIS-A REVIEW. PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS OFTEN RUN A CHRONIC COURSE AND ARE ASSOCIATED WITH A CONSIDERABLE EMOTIONAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT FOR PATIENTS AND THEIR RELATIVES. THEREFORE, EARLY RECOGNITION, COMBINED WITH THE POSSIBILITY OF PREVENTIVE INTERVENTION, IS URGENTLY WARRANTED SINCE THE DURATION OF UNTREATED PSYCHOSIS (DUP) SIGNIFICANTLY DETERMINES THE FURTHER COURSE OF THE DISEASE. IN ADDITION TO ESTABLISHED DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS, NEUROBIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCHIZOPHRENIC PSYCHOSES ARE INCREASINGLY BEING INVESTIGATED. IT IS SHOWN THAT NUMEROUS MOLECULAR ALTERATIONS ALREADY EXIST BEFORE THE CLINICAL ONSET OF THE DISEASE. AS SCHIZOPHRENIC PSYCHOSES ARE NOT ELICITED BY A SINGLE MUTATION IN THE DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA) SEQUENCE, EPIGENETICS LIKELY CONSTITUTE THE MISSING LINK BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES AND DISEASE DEVELOPMENT AND COULD POTENTIALLY SERVE AS A BIOMARKER. THE RESULTS FROM TRANSCRIPTOMIC AND PROTEOMIC STUDIES POINT TO A DYSREGULATED IMMUNE SYSTEM, LIKELY EVOKED BY EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS. DESPITE THE INCREASING KNOWLEDGE OF THE NEUROBIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS, FURTHER RESEARCH EFFORTS WITH LARGE POPULATION-BASED STUDY DESIGNS ARE NEEDED TO IDENTIFY SUITABLE BIOMARKERS. IN CONCLUSION, A COMBINATION OF BLOOD EXAMINATIONS, FUNCTIONAL IMAGING TECHNIQUES, ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY (EEG) INVESTIGATIONS AND POLYGENIC RISK SCORES SHOULD BE CONSIDERED AS THE BASIS FOR PREDICTING HOW SUBJECTS WILL TRANSITION INTO MANIFEST PSYCHOSIS.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
15  2667  26 ESTROGEN AND SEROTONIN ENHANCE STRESS-INDUCED VISCERAL HYPERSENSITIVITY IN FEMALE RATS BY UP-REGULATING BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR IN SPINAL CORD. BACKGROUND: WE PREVIOUSLY REPORTED THAT FEMALE OFFSPRING OF DAMS SUBJECTED TO CHRONIC PRENATAL STRESS (CPS) DEVELOP ENHANCED VISCERAL HYPERSENSITIVITY (VHS) FOLLOWING EXPOSURE TO CHRONIC STRESS IN ADULT LIFE THAT IS MEDIATED BY UP-REGULATION OF SPINAL CORD BDNF. THE AIMS OF THIS STUDY WERE TO EXAMINE THE ROLES OF ESTROGEN RECEPTOR ALPHA (ERALPHA) AND AN INCREASE IN SPINAL SEROTONIN SIGNALING IN PROMOTING THIS ENHANCED VHS IN FEMALE RATS AND UP-REGULATION OF SPINAL CORD BDNF TRANSCRIPTION. METHODS: PREGNANT DAMS WERE EXPOSED TO CHRONIC STRESS FROM E11 UNTIL DELIVERY. AT 8 WEEKS, A CHRONIC ADULT STRESS (CAS) PROTOCOL WAS APPLIED FOR NINE DAYS. KEY RESULTS: OVARIECTOMY BEFORE CAS OR TREATMENT WITH LETROZOLE BEFORE AND DURING CAS SIGNIFICANTLY PREVENTED THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENHANCED VHS IN FEMALE CPS+CAS RATS. INTRATHECAL APPLICATION OF ERALPHA SIRNA SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED VHS, DECREASED LUMBAR-SACRAL SPINAL CORD EXPRESSION OF BOTH ERALPHA AND BDNF, AND REVERSED PRO-TRANSCRIPTIONAL EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS AT BDNF PROMOTER LX. CEREBROSPINAL FLUID SEROTONIN LEVELS AND 5HT3A RECEPTOR EXPRESSION IN THE LS SPINAL CORD WERE BOTH SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED IN FEMALE CPS+CAS RATS. DURING CAS, INTRATHECAL INFUSION OF ALOSETRON SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED VHS, REDUCED BDNF AND ERALPHA EXPRESSION IN THE LS SPINAL CORD, AND ATTENUATED RNA POL II AND ERALPHA BINDING TO THE BNDF CORE PROMOTER IX. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES: SEROTONIN-MEDIATED ACTIVATION OF 5HT3A RECEPTORS IN THE SPINAL CORD DRIVES THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENHANCED FEMALE-SPECIFIC VHS IN OUR TWO HIT CPS+CAS THROUGH UP-REGULATION OF SPINAL CORD ERALPHA.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
16  5958  25 TELOMERE LENGTH AND SALIVARY CORTISOL STRESS REACTIVITY IN VERY PRETERM INFANTS. DURING THE NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (NICU) STAY, VERY PRETERM (VPT) INFANTS ARE EXPOSED TO LIFE-SAVING YET PAIN-INDUCING SKIN-BREAKING PROCEDURES (I.E., NICU PAIN-RELATED STRESS) WHICH CONTRIBUTE TO THE PROGRAMMING OF HYPO-RESPONSIVE HPA AXIS DEVELOPMENT DURING THE FIRST MONTHS OF LIFE. UNFORTUNATELY, TO DATE THE MECHANISMS LINKING NICU PAIN-RELATED STRESS AND ALTERED HPA AXIS REGULATION ARE ONLY LIMITEDLY KNOWN. TELOMERE LENGTH (TL) REGULATION IS AN EPIGENETIC MECHANISM PREVIOUSLY SHOWN TO BE AFFECTED BY EARLY STRESS EXPOSURES AND CAPABLE OF ASSOCIATING WITH HPA AXIS REACTIVITY IN CHILDREN. IN VPT INFANTS, NICU PAIN-RELATED STRESS WAS FOUND TO ASSOCIATE WITH DECREASED TL FROM BIRTH TO DISCHARGE, BUT THERE IS NO EVIDENCE FOR THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN TL AND HPA AXIS IN THESE INFANTS. IN THIS STUDY, WE PROSPECTIVELY EXAMINED THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NICU PAIN-RELATED STRESS AND HPA AXIS REACTIVITY TO AN AGE-APPROPRIATE SOCIO-EMOTIONAL CONDITION (I.E., THE STILL-FACE PROCEDURE, SFP) IN HEALTHY VPT INFANTS AT 3-MONTH CORRECTED AGE. NICU PAIN-RELATED STRESS WAS COMPUTED AS THE RATIO BETWEEN THE NUMBER OF SKIN-BREAKING PROCEDURES AND LENGTH OF NICU STAY. A DIFFERENTIAL SCORE (I.E., ?TL) WAS OBTAINED SUBTRACTING TL AT BIRTH FROM TL AT DISCHARGE. A NORMALIZED (LOG10) CORTISOL REACTIVITY INDEX (CRI) WAS OBTAINED BY AVERAGING POST-STRESS (20 MIN AFTER SFP) SALIVARY CORTISOL SAMPLE ON BASELINE VALUE. A REGRESSION MODEL CONTROLLING FOR NEONATAL AND SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC CONFOUNDERS SHOWED THAT ?TL WAS THE ONLY SIGNIFICANT PREDICTOR OF CRI. ALTHOUGH PRELIMINARY, THESE FINDINGS CONTRIBUTE TO OUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE MECHANISMS LINKING EARLY EXPOSURES TO ADVERSITY AND LATER IN LIFE REGULATION OF THE HPA AXIS IN VPT INFANTS.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
17  2044  28 EPIGENETIC CLOCK ANALYSIS OF BLOOD SAMPLES IN DRUG-NAIVE FIRST-EPISODE SCHIZOPHRENIA PATIENTS. BACKGROUND: SCHIZOPHRENIA (SCZ) IS A SEVERE AND CHRONIC PSYCHIATRIC DISORDER WITH PREMATURE AGE-RELATED PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES. HOWEVER, NUMEROUS PREVIOUS STUDIES EXAMINED THE EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION IN SCZ PATIENTS AND YIELDED INCONCLUSIVE RESULTS. IN THIS STUDY, WE PROPOSE TO EXPLORE THE EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION IN DRUG-NAIVE FIRST-EPISODE SCZ (FSCZ) PATIENTS AND INVESTIGATE WHETHER EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH ANTIPSYCHOTIC TREATMENT, PSYCHOTIC SYMPTOMS, COGNITION, AND SUBCORTICAL VOLUMES. METHODS: WE ASSESSED THE EPIGENETIC AGE IN 38 DRUG-NAIVE FSCZ PATIENTS AND 38 HEALTHY CONTROLS BY USING THREE INDEPENDENT CLOCKS, INCLUDING HORVATH, HANNUM AND LEVINE ALGORITHMS. THE EPIGENETIC AGE MEASUREMENTS IN SCZ PATIENTS WERE REPEATED AFTER RECEIVING 8 WEEKS RISPERIDONE MONOTHERAPY. RESULTS: OUR FINDINGS SHOWED SIGNIFICANTLY POSITIVE CORRELATIONS BETWEEN EPIGENETIC AGES ASSESSED BY THREE CLOCKS AND CHRONOLOGICAL AGE IN BOTH FSCZ PATIENTS AND HEALTHY CONTROLS. COMPARED WITH HEALTHY CONTROLS, DRUG-NAIVE FSCZ PATIENTS HAVE A SIGNIFICANT EPIGENETIC AGE DECELERATION IN HORVATH CLOCK (P = 0.01), BUT NOT IN HANNUM CLOCK (P = 0.07) AND LEVINE CLOCK (P = 0.43). THE EPIGENETIC AGES OF HANNUM CLOCK (P = 0.002) AND LEVINE CLOCK (P = 0.01) WERE SIGNIFICANTLY ACCELERATED IN SCZ PATIENTS AFTER 8-WEEK RISPERIDONE TREATMENT. HOWEVER, NO SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION AND PSYCHOTIC SYMPTOMS, COGNITIVE FUNCTION, AS WELL AS SUBCORTICAL VOLUMES WERE OBSERVED IN FSCZ PATIENTS. CONCLUSION: THESE RESULTS DEMONSTRATE THAT DISTINCT EPIGENETIC CLOCKS ARE SENSITIVE TO DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF AGING PROCESS. FURTHER INVESTIGATIONS WITH COMPREHENSIVE EPIGENETIC CLOCK ANALYSES AND LARGE SAMPLES ARE REQUIRED TO CONFIRM OUR FINDINGS.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
18  6108  28 THE ENRICHED ENVIRONMENT AMELIORATES CHRONIC UNPREDICTABLE MILD STRESS-INDUCED DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT BY ACTIVATING THE SIRT1/MIR-134 SIGNALING PATHWAY IN HIPPOCAMPUS. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC UNPREDICTABLE MILD STRESS (CUMS) IS AN IMPORTANT RISK FACTOR FOR DEPRESSION AND COGNITIVE DEFICITS IN HUMANS. ENRICHED ENVIRONMENT (EE) SHOWED A BENEFICIAL EFFECT ON DEPRESSION AND COGNITION BY ENHANCING BRAIN DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) EXPRESSION AND SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY. HOWEVER, IT IS STILL NOT CLEARLY UNDERSTOOD WHETHER AN EPIGENETIC MECHANISM IS INVOLVED IN THE BDNF MODULATION AND SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY THAT OCCURS AFTER EE TREATMENT FOR THE DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS AND COGNITIVE DEFICITS ELICITED BY CUMS. IN THIS STUDY, WE INVESTIGATED THE POSSIBLE MECHANISM OF THE NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF EE. METHODS: ALL RATS WERE EXPOSED TO THE 5-WEEK CUMS PROCEDURE EXCEPT THE CONTROL GROUP. AFTER CUMS PROCEDURE, SOME RATS WERE STEREOTAXICALLY INJECTED WITH SIRT1 PHARMACOLOGIC INHIBITOR EX527 OR SIRT1 KNOCKING DOWN LENTIVIRUS (SH-SIRT1) IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS FOLLOWED BY EE TREATMENT FOR 3 WEEKS. OTHER RATS WERE DIRECTLY SUBJECTED TO EE TREATMENT WITHOUT STEREOTAXIC INJECTION. BEHAVIORAL TESTS WERE USED TO APPRAISE DEPRESSION AND COGNITION AFTER EE TREATMENT. THEN EPIGENETIC MOLECULES, SYNAPTIC PROTEINS, DENDRITIC SPINE DENSITY AND BRANCHES, AND SYNAPTIC MORPHOLOGY OF THE DORSAL HIPPOCAMPUS WERE DETERMINED. RESULTS: WE FOUND THAT CUMS INDUCED DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS INCLUDING DECREASED SUCROSE PREFERENCE RATIO, PROLONGED IMMOBILITY AND REDUCED LOCOMOTOR AND EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY; COGNITIVE DEFICITS INCLUDING SPATIAL LEARNING AND MEMORY IMPAIRMENT; REDUCED DENDRITIC SPINE DENSITY AND NUMBER OF BRANCHES; THINNED POSTSYNAPTIC DENSITY; DOWNREGULATED SIRT1/MICRORNA-134 PATHWAY, DECREASED BDNF AND SYNAPTIC PROTEINS INCLUDING SYNAPTOPHYSIN (SYN) AND POSTSYNAPTIC DENSITY PROTEIN 95 (PSD95) EXPRESSION IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS. HOWEVER, THE CUMS-INDUCED DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS, COGNITIVE DEFICITS, DENDRITIC SPINE DENSITY AND BRANCH NUMBER REDUCTION, POSTSYNAPTIC DENSITY THINNING, SIRT1/MICRORNA-134 PATHWAY DOWNREGULATION, BDNF AND SYNAPTIC PROTEINS REDUCTION, INCLUDING SYNAPTOPHYSIN (SYN) AND POSTSYNAPTIC DENSITY PROTEIN 95 (PSD95), WERE REVERSED BY EE TREATMENT. HOWEVER, DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS AND COGNITIVE DEFICITS WERE OBSERVED AGAIN IN RATS SUBJECTED TO STEREOTAXIC INJECTION WITH EX527 OR SH-SIRT1. FURTHERMORE, THIS STUDY ALSO FOUND THAT SIRT1/MICRORNA-134 REGULATES THE DOWNSTREAM MOLECULES BDNF, AND THE SYNAPTIC PROTEINS SYN AND PSD95 IN PRIMARY CULTURED HIPPOCAMPAL NEURONS. CONCLUSIONS: THIS STUDY PROVIDES EVIDENCE FOR THE NEUROPROTECTIVE ROLE OF EE ON DEPRESSION AND COGNITIVE DEFICITS BY ACTIVATING THE SIRT1/MICRORNA-134 PATHWAY, WHICH ACCOUNTS FOR THE REGULATION OF SYNAPTIC PROTEINS, INCLUDING BDNF, PSD95 AND SYN, DENDRITIC REMODELING AND ULTRASTRUCTURE CHANGES OF SYNAPSES IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
19  5874  27 SWIMMING EXERCISE REVERSES CUMS-INDUCED CHANGES IN DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS AND HIPPOCAMPAL PLASTICITY-RELATED PROTEINS. BACKGROUND: STRESS-INDUCED FAILED RESILIENCE OF BRAIN PLASTICITY CAN CONTRIBUTE TO THE ONSET AND RECURRENCE OF DEPRESSION. CHRONIC STRESS HAS BEEN REPORTED TO OPEN WINDOWS OF EPIGENETIC PLASTICITY IN HIPPOCAMPUS. HOWEVER, HOW HIPPOCAMPAL PLASTICITY UNDERLIES DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS AND HOW IT ADAPTS IN RESPONSE TO STRESS HAS NOT BEEN ADDRESSED. THE PRESENT STUDY AIMED TO INVESTIGATE THE SIGNALING MECHANISMS OF CUMS AFFECTING HIPPOCAMPAL PLASTICITY-RELATED PROTEINS EXPRESSION AND THE REGULATION OF SWIMMING EXERCISE IN MICE. METHODS: MALE C57BL/6 MICE WERE SUBJECTED TO CHRONIC UNPREDICTABLE MILD STRESS (CUMS) FOR 7 WEEKS. FROM THE 4TH WEEK, CUMS MICE WERE TRAINED IN A MODERATE SWIMMING PROGRAM FOR A TOTAL OF 4 WEEKS. A VIDEOCOMPUTERIZED TRACKING SYSTEM WAS USED TO RECORD BEHAVIORS OF ANIMALS FOR A 5-MIN SESSION. REAL-TIME PCR AND WESTERN BLOTTING WERE USED TO EXAMINE GENE EXPRESSION IN MOUSE HIPPOCAMPUS. RESULTS: OUR RESULTS DEMONSTRATED THAT CUMS INDUCED DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS, WHICH WERE REVERSED BY SWIMMING EXERCISE. MOREOVER, THE BEHAVIORAL CHANGES INDUCED BY CUMS AND EXERCISE WERE CORRELATED WITH HIPPOCAMPAL PLASTICITY-RELATED PROTEINS EXPRESSION OF GROWTH-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN-43 (GAP-43) AND SYNAPTOPHYSIN (SYN). THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS REGULATING THIS PLASTICITY MAY INCLUDE SIRT1/MIRCORNA, CREB/BDNF, AND AKT/GSK-3BETA SIGNALING PATHWAYS. LIMITATIONS: WE DID NOT ESTABLISH A CORRELATION BETWEEN DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS INDUCED BY CHRONIC STRESS AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES OF HIPPOCAMPAL PLASTICITY, EITHER A CAUSAL MOLECULAR SIGNALING UNDERLING THIS PLASTICITY. CONCLUSIONS: OUR FINDINGS HAVE IDENTIFIED SWIMMING EXERCISE EFFECTS ON CUMS-INDUCED CHANGES IN DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS AND HIPPOCAMPAL PLASTICITY-RELATED PROTEINS, WHICH PROVIDE A FRAMEWORK FOR DEVELOPING NEW STRATEGIES TO TREAT STRESS-INDUCED DEPRESSION.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
20  2201  26 EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OF GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR PROMOTER I(7) IN MATERNALLY SEPARATED AND RESTRAINT-STRESSED RATS. GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR (GR) PROMOTER I(7) IS SUSCEPTIBLE TO EPIGENETIC CHANGES INDUCED BY ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES. EARLY LIFE STRESS (ELS) HAS A PERSISTENT IMPACT ON GR EXPRESSION, AS WELL AS BEHAVIOR, IN ADULT RODENTS VIA EPIGENETIC CHANGES OF GR PROMOTER I(7). MOREOVER, VARIOUS STRESSORS CAN INDUCE HISTONE MODIFICATIONS IN THIS REGION DURING ADULTHOOD. THUS, THE PRESENT STUDY AIMED TO INVESTIGATE WHETHER MATERNALLY SEPARATED (MS) RATS EXPOSED TO CHRONIC RESTRAINT STRESS (RS) WOULD EXHIBIT HISTONE MODIFICATIONS OF GR PROMOTER I(7) IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS. RATS WERE SUBJECTED TO MS (3H PER DAY) ON POSTNATAL DAYS (PND) 1-21. THEN, DURING ADULTHOOD (PND 56-77), THE RATS WERE EXPOSED TO RS (2H PER DAY) FOLLOWED BY TREATMENT WITH ESCITALOPRAM (10MG/KG). THE MS AND RS GROUPS EXHIBITED SIGNIFICANT DECREASES IN TOTAL AND EXON I(7) GR MRNA LEVELS AND THE COMBINATION OF MS AND RS EXERTED A GREATER EFFECT ON THESE MRNA LEVELS THAN EITHER MS OR RS ALONE. ADDITIONALLY, BOTH THE MS AND RS GROUPS SHOWED SIGNIFICANT REDUCTIONS IN HISTONE H3 ACETYLATION AT GR PROMOTER I(7) AND THE COMBINATION OF MS AND RS HAD A GREATER EFFECT THAN DID EITHER MS OR RS ALONE. CHRONIC ESCITALOPRAM TREATMENT AMELIORATED THESE CHANGES. THE PRESENT RESULTS INDICATE THAT POSTNATAL MS AND ADULT RS INFLUENCE GR EXPRESSION THROUGH HISTONE MODIFICATION AT GR PROMOTER I(7), AND THAT THE COMBINATION OF THE TWO STRESSORS POTENTIATES THESE CHANGES. FURTHERMORE, EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS ARE INVOLVED IN ESCITALOPRAM ACTION.	2017