1  5532 183 RODENT MODELS OF GROUP 1 PULMONARY HYPERTENSION. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION CATEGORY 1 PULMONARY HYPERTENSION (PH) IS A HETEROGENEOUS SYNDROME IN WHICH PH ORIGINATES IN THE SMALL PULMONARY ARTERIES AND IS THEREFORE ALSO REFERRED TO AS PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION (PAH). COMMON PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC FEATURES INCLUDE ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION, EXCESSIVE PROLIFERATION AND IMPAIRED APOPTOSIS OF VASCULAR CELLS, AND MITOCHONDRIAL FRAGMENTATION. THE PROLIFERATION/APOPTOSIS IMBALANCE RELATES IN PART TO ACTIVATION OF THE TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS HYPOXIA-INDUCIBLE FACTOR-1ALPHA (HIF-1ALPHA) AND NUCLEAR FACTOR OF ACTIVATED T-CELLS (NFAT) AND APOPTOSIS REPRESSORS, SUCH AS SURVIVIN. PERIVASCULAR INFLAMMATION, DISRUPTION OF ADVENTITIAL CONNECTIVE TISSUE, AND A GLYCOLYTIC METABOLIC SHIFT IN VASCULAR CELLS AND RIGHT VENTRICULAR MYOCYTES ALSO OCCUR IN PAH. THERE ARE IMPORTANT GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC PREDISPOSITIONS TO PAH. THIS REVIEW ASSESSES THE FIDELITY OF EXISTING ANIMAL MODELS TO HUMAN PAH. NO SINGLE MODEL CAN PERFECTLY RECAPITULATE THE MANY DIVERSE FORMS OF PH IN CATEGORY 1; HOWEVER, ACCEPTABLE MODELS EXIST. PAH INDUCED BY MONOCROTALINE AND CHRONIC HYPOXIA PLUS SU-5416 (CH+SU) IN RATS DISPLAY ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION, PROLIFERATION/APOPTOSIS IMBALANCE, AND DEVELOP THE GLYCOLYTIC METABOLIC PROFILE OF HUMAN PAH. HISTOLOGICALLY, CH+SU BEST CONFORMS TO PAH IN THAT IT DEVELOPS COMPLEX VASCULAR LESIONS, INCLUDING PLEXIFORM LESIONS. HOWEVER, THE MONOCROTALINE MODEL CAN BE INDUCED TO MANIFEST COMPLEX VASCULAR LESIONS AND DOES MANIFEST THE TENDENCY OF PAH PATIENTS TO DIE OF RIGHT VENTRICULAR (RV) FAILURE. MURINE MODELS OFFER GREATER MOLECULAR CERTAINTY THAN RAT MODELS BUT RARELY DEVELOP SIGNIFICANT PH, HAVE LESS RIGHT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY (RVH) AND PULMONARY ARTERY (PA) REMODELING, AND ARE HARDER TO IMAGE AND CATHETERIZE. THE USE OF HIGH FIDELITY CATHETERIZATION AND ADVANCED IMAGING (MICROPET-CT, HIGH FREQUENCY ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, HIGH FIELD STRENGTH MRI) AND FUNCTIONAL TESTING (TREADMILL) PERMIT ACCURATE PHENOTYPING OF EXPERIMENTAL MODELS OF PAH. PRECLINICAL TRIAL DESIGN IS AN IMPORTANT ASPECT OF TESTING EXPERIMENTAL PAH THERAPIES. THE USE OF MULTIPLE COMPLEMENTARY MODELS WITH ADEQUATE SAMPLE SIZE AND TRIAL DURATION AND APPROPRIATE ENDPOINTS ARE REQUIRED FOR PRECLINICAL ASSESSMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL PAH THERAPIES.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
2   201  39 ACTIVATING TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 3 PROTECTS AGAINST PRESSURE-OVERLOAD HEART FAILURE VIA THE AUTOPHAGY MOLECULE BECLIN-1 PATHWAY. ACTIVATING TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 3 (ATF3), A CAMP RESPONSE ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN/ATF FAMILY TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS MEMBER, HAS BEEN IMPLICATED IN THE CARDIOVASCULAR AND INFLAMMATORY SYSTEM AND IS RAPIDLY INDUCED BY ISCHEMIC-REPERFUSION INJURIES. WE PERFORMED TRANSVERSE AORTIC BANDING (TAB) EXPERIMENTS USING ATF3 GENE-DELETED MICE (ATF3(-/-)) AND WILD-TYPE (WT) MICE TO DETERMINE WHAT EFFECT IT MIGHT HAVE ON HEART FAILURE INDUCED BY PRESSURE OVERLOADING. COMPARED WITH THE WT MICE, ATF3(-/-) MICE WERE FOUND BY ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY TO HAVE DECREASED LEFT VENTRICULAR CONTRACTILITY WITH LOSS OF NORMAL CARDIAC HYPERTROPHIC REMODELING. THE ATF3(-/-) MICE HAD GREATER NUMBERS OF TERMINAL DEOXYNUCLEOTIDYL TRANSFERASE-MEDIATED DIGOXIGENIN-DEOXYURIDINE NICK-END LABELING-POSITIVE CELLS AND HIGHER LEVELS OF ACTIVATED CASPASE-3, AS WELL AS MORE APOPTOSIS. RESTORATION OF ATF3 EXPRESSION IN THE HEART OF ATF3(-/-) MICE BY ADENOVIRUS-INDUCED ATF3 TREATMENT SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVED CARDIAC CONTRACTILITY AFTER TAB. THE RESULTS FROM MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSES, INCLUDING CHROMATIN IMMUNE-PRECIPITATION AND IN VITRO /IN VIVO PROMOTER ASSAYS, SHOWED THAT ATF3 BOUND TO THE ATF/CAMP RESPONSE ELEMENT OF THE BECLIN-1 PROMOTER AND THAT ATF3 REDUCED AUTOPHAGY VIA SUPPRESSION OF THE BECLIN-1-DEPENDENT PATHWAY. FURTHERMORE, INFUSION OF TERT-BUTYLHYDROQUINONE (TBHQ), A SELECTIVE ATF3 INDUCER, INCREASED THE EXPRESSION OF ATF3 VIA THE NUCLEAR FACTOR ERYTHROID 2-RELATED TRANSCRIPTIONAL FACTOR, INHIBITED TAB-INDUCED CARDIAC DILATATION, AND INCREASED LEFT VENTRICULAR CONTRACTILITY, THEREBY RESCUING HEART FAILURE. OUR STUDY IDENTIFIED A NEW EPIGENETIC REGULATION MEDIATED BY THE STRESS-INDUCIBLE GENE ATF3 ON TAB-INDUCED CARDIAC DYSFUNCTION. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT THE ATF3 ACTIVATOR TBHQ MAY HAVE THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL FOR THE TREATMENT OF PRESSURE-OVERLOAD HEART FAILURE INDUCED BY CHRONIC HYPERTENSION OR OTHER PRESSURE OVERLOAD MECHANISMS.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
3  5179  32 PREGNANCY: AN UNDERUTILIZED WINDOW OF OPPORTUNITY TO IMPROVE LONG-TERM MATERNAL AND INFANT HEALTH-AN APPEAL FOR CONTINUOUS FAMILY CARE AND INTERDISCIPLINARY COMMUNICATION. PHYSIOLOGIC ADAPTATIONS DURING PREGNANCY UNMASK A WOMAN'S PREDISPOSITION TO DISEASES. COMPLICATIONS ARE INCREASINGLY PREDICTED BY FIRST-TRIMESTER ALGORITHMS, AMPLIFY A PRE-EXISTING MATERNAL PHENOTYPE AND ACCELERATE RISKS FOR CHRONIC DISEASES IN THE OFFSPRING UP TO ADULTHOOD (BARKER HYPOTHESIS). RECENT EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT VICE VERSA, PREGNANCY DISEASES ALSO INDICATE MATERNAL AND EVEN GRANDPARENT'S RISKS FOR CHRONIC DISEASES (REVERSE BARKER HYPOTHESIS). PUB-MED AND EMBASE WERE REVIEWED FOR MESH TERMS "FETAL PROGRAMMING" AND "PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS COMBINED WITH MATERNAL DISEASE" UNTIL JANUARY 2017. STUDIES LINKING PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS TO FUTURE CARDIOVASCULAR, METABOLIC, AND THROMBOTIC RISKS FOR MOTHER AND OFFSPRING WERE REVIEWED. WOMEN WITH A HISTORY OF MISCARRIAGE, FETAL GROWTH RESTRICTION, PREECLAMPSIA, PRETERM DELIVERY, OBESITY, EXCESSIVE GESTATIONAL WEIGHT GAIN, GESTATIONAL DIABETES, SUBFERTILITY, AND THROMBOPHILIA MORE FREQUENTLY DEMONSTRATE WITH ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC ABNORMALITIES, HIGHER FASTING INSULIN, DEVIATING LIPIDS OR CLOTTING FACTORS AND SHOW DEFECTIVE ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION. THROMBOPHILIA HINTS TO THROMBOTIC RISKS IN LATER LIFE. PREGNANCY ABNORMALITIES CORRELATE WITH FUTURE CARDIOVASCULAR AND METABOLIC COMPLICATIONS AND EARLIER MORTALITY. CONVERSELY, WOMEN WITH A NORMAL PREGNANCY HAVE LOWER RATES OF SUBSEQUENT DISEASES THAN THE GENERAL FEMALE POPULATION CREATING THE TERM: "PREGNANCY AS A WINDOW FOR FUTURE HEALTH." ALTHOUGH THE PLACENTA WORKS AS A GATEKEEPER, MANY PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS MAY LEAD TO SICKNESS AND EARLIER DEATH IN LATER LIFE WHEN THE CHILD BECOMES AN ADULT. THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS AND THE MISMATCH BETWEEN PRE- AND POSTNATAL LIFE HAVE CREATED THE TERM "FETAL ORIGIN OF ADULT DISEASE." UP TO NOW, THE IMPACT OF CARDIOVASCULAR, METABOLIC, OR THROMBOTIC RISK PROFILES HAS BEEN INVESTIGATED SEPARATELY FOR MOTHER AND CHILD. IN THIS MANUSCRIPT, WE STRIVE TO ILLUSTRATE THE CONSEQUENCES FOR BOTH, FETUS AND MOTHER WITHIN A COHESIVE PERSPECTIVE AND THUS TRY TO DEMONSTRATE THE COMPLEX INTERRELATIONSHIP OF GENETICS AND EPIGENETICS FOR LONG-TERM HEALTH OF SOCIETIES AND FUTURE GENERATIONS. MATERNAL-FETAL MEDICINE SPECIALISTS SHOULD HAVE A KEY ROLE IN THE PREVENTION OF NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES BY IMPLEMENTING A FRAMEWORK FOR PATIENT CONSULTATION AND INTERDISCIPLINARY NETWORKS. HEALTH-CARE PROVIDERS AND POLICY MAKERS SHOULD INCREASINGLY INVEST IN A STRATIFIED PRIMARY PREVENTION AND FOLLOW-UP TO REDUCE THE INCREASING NUMBER OF MANIFEST CARDIOVASCULAR AND METABOLIC DISEASES AND TO PREVENT WASTE OF HEALTH-CARE RESOURCES.	2017	

4  3612  27 IN UTERO PARTICULATE MATTER EXPOSURE PRODUCES HEART FAILURE, ELECTRICAL REMODELING, AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES AT ADULTHOOD. BACKGROUND: PARTICULATE MATTER (PM; PM(2.5) [PM WITH DIAMETERS OF <2.5 MUM]) EXPOSURE DURING DEVELOPMENT IS STRONGLY ASSOCIATED WITH ADVERSE CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOMES AT ADULTHOOD. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, WE TESTED THE HYPOTHESIS THAT IN UTERO PM(2.5) EXPOSURE ALONE COULD ALTER CARDIAC STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION AT ADULTHOOD. METHODS AND RESULTS: FEMALE FVB MICE WERE EXPOSED EITHER TO FILTERED AIR OR PM(2.5) AT AN AVERAGE CONCENTRATION OF 73.61 MUG/M(3) FOR 6 H/DAY, 7 DAYS/WEEK THROUGHOUT PREGNANCY. AFTER BIRTH, ANIMALS WERE ANALYZED AT 12 WEEKS OF AGE. ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC (N=9-10 MICE/GROUP) AND PRESSURE-VOLUME LOOP ANALYSES (N=5 MICE/GROUP) REVEALED REDUCED FRACTIONAL SHORTENING, INCREASED LEFT VENTRICULAR END-SYSTOLIC AND -DIASTOLIC DIAMETERS, REDUCED LEFT VENTRICULAR POSTERIOR WALL THICKNESS, END-SYSTOLIC ELASTANCE, CONTRACTILE RESERVE (DP/DT(MAX)/END-SYSTOLIC VOLUME), FREQUENCY-DEPENDENT ACCELERATION OF RELAXATION), AND BLUNTED CONTRACTILE RESPONSE TO BETA-ADRENERGIC STIMULATION IN PM(2.5)-EXPOSED MICE. ISOLATED CARDIOMYOCYTE (N=4-5 MICE/GROUP) FUNCTION ILLUSTRATED REDUCED PEAK SHORTENING, +/-DL/DT, AND PROLONGED ACTION POTENTIAL DURATION AT 90% REPOLARIZATION. HISTOLOGICAL LEFT VENTRICULAR ANALYSES (N=3 MICE/GROUP) SHOWED INCREASED COLLAGEN DEPOSITION IN IN UTERO PM(2.5)-EXPOSED MICE AT ADULTHOOD. CARDIAC INTERLEUKIN (IL)-6, IL-1SS, COLLAGEN-1, MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE (MMP) 9, AND MMP13 GENE EXPRESSIONS WERE INCREASED AT BIRTH IN IN UTERO PM(2.5)-EXPOSED MICE (N=4 MICE/GROUP). IN ADULT HEARTS (N=5 MICE/GROUP), GENE EXPRESSIONS OF SIRTUIN (SIRT) 1 AND SIRT2 WERE DECREASED, DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE (DNMT) 1, DNMT3A, AND DNMT3B WERE INCREASED, AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION (N=6 MICE/GROUP) OF CA(2+)-ATPASE, PHOSPHORYLATED PHOSPHOLAMBAN, AND NA(+)/CA(2+) EXCHANGER WERE DECREASED. CONCLUSIONS: IN UTERO PM(2.5) EXPOSURE TRIGGERS AN ACUTE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE, CHRONIC MATRIX REMODELING, AND ALTERATIONS IN CA(2+) HANDLING PROTEINS, RESULTING IN GLOBAL ADULT CARDIAC DYSFUNCTION. THESE RESULTS ALSO HIGHLIGHT THE POTENTIAL INVOLVEMENT OF EPIGENETICS IN PRIMING OF ADULT CARDIAC DISEASE.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
5   518  21 ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ANTIBIOTIC EXPOSURE DURING PREGNANCY, BIRTH WEIGHT AND ABERRANT METHYLATION AT IMPRINTED GENES AMONG OFFSPRING. OBJECTIVES: LOW BIRTH WEIGHT (LBW) HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH COMMON ADULT-ONSET CHRONIC DISEASES, INCLUDING OBESITY, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, TYPE II DIABETES AND SOME CANCERS. THE ETIOLOGY OF LBW IS MULTI-FACTORIAL. HOWEVER, RECENT EVIDENCE SUGGESTS EXPOSURE TO ANTIBIOTICS MAY ALSO INCREASE THE RISK OF LBW. THE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THIS ASSOCIATION ARE UNKNOWN, ALTHOUGH EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS ARE HYPOTHESIZED. IN THIS STUDY, WE EVALUATED THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MATERNAL ANTIBIOTIC USE AND LBW AND EXAMINED THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF ALTERED DNA METHYLATION THAT CONTROLS GROWTH REGULATORY IMPRINTED GENES IN THESE ASSOCIATIONS. METHODS: BETWEEN 2009-2011, 397 PREGNANT WOMEN WERE ENROLLED AND FOLLOWED UNTIL DELIVERY. PRENATAL ANTIBIOTIC USE WAS ASCERTAINED THROUGH MATERNAL SELF-REPORT. IMPRINTED GENES METHYLATION LEVELS WERE MEASURED AT DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS (DMRS) USING BISULFITE PYROSEQUENCING. GENERALIZED LINEAR MODELS WERE USED TO EXAMINE ASSOCIATIONS AMONG ANTIBIOTIC USE, BIRTH WEIGHT AND DMR METHYLATION FRACTIONS. RESULTS: AFTER ADJUSTING FOR INFANT GENDER, RACE/ETHNICITY, MATERNAL BODY MASS INDEX, DELIVERY ROUTE, GESTATIONAL WEIGHT GAIN, GESTATIONAL AGE AT DELIVERY, FOLIC ACID INTAKE, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, MATERNAL SMOKING AND PARITY, ANTIBIOTIC USE DURING PREGNANCY WAS ASSOCIATED WITH 138 G LOWER BIRTH WEIGHT COMPARED WITH NON-ANTIBIOTIC USE (BETA-COEFFICIENT=-132.99, S.E.=50.70, P=0.008). THESE ASSOCIATIONS WERE STRONGEST IN NEWBORNS OF WOMEN WHO REPORTED ANTIBIOTIC USE OTHER THAN PENICILLINS (BETA-COEFFICIENT=-135.57, S.E.=57.38, P=0.02). METHYLATION AT FIVE DMRS, IGF2 (P=0.05), H19 (P=0.15), PLAGL1 (P=0.01), MEG3 (P=0.006) AND PEG3 (P=0.08), WAS ASSOCIATED WITH MATERNAL ANTIBIOTIC USE; AMONG THESE, ONLY METHYLATION AT THE PLAGL1 DMR WAS ALSO ASSOCIATED WITH BIRTH WEIGHT. CONCLUSION: WE REPORT AN INVERSE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN IN UTERO EXPOSURE TO ANTIBIOTICS AND LOWER INFANT BIRTH WEIGHT AND PROVIDE THE FIRST EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE SUPPORTING IMPRINTED GENE PLASTICITY IN THESE ASSOCIATIONS.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
6  1392  33 DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH TO PULMONARY HYPERTENSION IN PREMATURE NEONATES. BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA (BPD) IS A FORM OF CHRONIC LUNG DISEASE IN PREMATURE INFANTS FOLLOWING RESPIRATORY DISTRESS AT BIRTH. WITH INCREASING SURVIVAL OF EXTREMELY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS, ALVEOLAR SIMPLIFICATION IS THE DEFINING LUNG CHARACTERISTIC OF INFANTS WITH BPD, AND ALONG WITH PULMONARY HYPERTENSION, INCREASINGLY CONTRIBUTES TO BOTH RESPIRATORY MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY IN THESE INFANTS. GROWTH RESTRICTED INFANTS, INFANTS BORN TO MOTHERS WITH OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS OR FOLLOWING PROLONGED PRETERM RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES ARE AT PARTICULAR RISK FOR EARLY ONSET PULMONARY HYPERTENSION. ALTERED VASCULAR AND ALVEOLAR GROWTH PARTICULARLY IN CANALICULAR AND EARLY SACCULAR STAGES OF LUNG DEVELOPMENT FOLLOWING MECHANICAL VENTILATION AND OXYGEN THERAPY, RESULTS IN DEVELOPMENTAL LUNG ARREST LEADING TO BPD WITH PULMONARY HYPERTENSION (PH). EARLY RECOGNITION OF PH IN INFANTS WITH RISK FACTORS IS IMPORTANT FOR OPTIMAL MANAGEMENT OF THESE INFANTS. SCREENING TOOLS FOR EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF PH ARE EVOLVING; HOWEVER, ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IS THE MAINSTAY FOR NON-INVASIVE DIAGNOSIS OF PH IN INFANTS. CARDIAC COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT) AND MAGNETIC RESONANCE ARE BEING USED AS IMAGING MODALITIES, HOWEVER THEIR ROLE IN IMPROVING OUTCOMES IN THESE PATIENTS IS UNCERTAIN. FOLLOW-UP OF INFANTS AT RISK FOR PH WILL HELP NOT ONLY IN EARLY DIAGNOSIS, BUT ALSO IN APPROPRIATE MANAGEMENT OF THESE INFANTS. AGGRESSIVE MANAGEMENT OF LUNG DISEASE, AVOIDANCE OF HYPOXEMIC EPISODES, AND OPTIMAL NUTRITION DETERMINE THE PROGRESSION OF PH, AS EPIGENETIC FACTORS MAY HAVE SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS, PARTICULARLY IN GROWTH-RESTRICTED INFANTS. INFANTS WITH DIAGNOSIS OF PH ARE MANAGED WITH PULMONARY VASODILATORS AND THOSE RESISTANT TO THERAPY NEED TO BE WORKED UP FOR THE PRESENCE OF CARDIO-VASCULAR ANOMALIES. THE MANAGEMENT OF INFANTS AND TODDLERS WITH PH, ESPECIALLY FOLLOWING PREMATURE BIRTH IS AN EMERGING FIELD. NONETHELESS, COMBINATION THERAPIES IN A MULTI-DISCIPLINARY SETTING IMPROVES OUTCOMES FOR THESE INFANTS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
7  3452  27 HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS OF PREGNANCY SHARE COMMON CFDNA METHYLATION PROFILES. HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS OF PREGNANCY (HDP) CONTRIBUTE SUBSTANTIALLY TO PERINATAL MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY. EPIGENETIC CHANGES POINT TOWARDS CARDIO-METABOLIC DYSREGULATION FOR THESE VASCULAR DISORDERS. IN EARLY PREGNANCY, EPIGENETIC CHANGES USING CELL FREE DNA (CFDNA) ARE LARGELY UNEXPLORED. WE AIMED TO INVESTIGATE THESE IN HDP BETWEEN 11 AND 14 WEEKS OF GESTATION BY ANALYSIS OF CFDNA METHYLATION PROFILES IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS. WE IDENTIFIED PATIENTS WITHOUT CHRONIC HYPERTENSION BUT WITH SUBSEQUENT DEVELOPMENT OF PREECLAMPSIA (PE) (N = 11), WITH CHRONIC HYPERTENSION (HT) BUT WITHOUT PE DEVELOPMENT (N = 14), AND LACKING BOTH PE AND HT (N = 422). WE MATCHED PATIENTS ACCORDING TO PE RISK FACTORS INTO THREE GROUPS (N = 5 EACH GROUP): (1) PE: NO HT BUT PE DEVELOPMENT, (2) HT: CHRONIC HYPERTENSION BUT NO PE AND (3) CONTROL: NO PE OR HT. WE SUCCESSFULLY OPTIMIZED OUR CFDNA ISOLATION PROCESS PRIOR TO WHOLE GENOME BISULFITE SEQUENCING. ANALYSIS OF CFDNA METHYLATION CHANGES INDICATE A COMMON PREDISPOSITION IN PE AND HT GROUPS, CHIEFLY OF MATERNAL ORIGIN. ASSESSMENT OF SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS AND ANNOTATED GENES POINT TOWARDS A COMMON CARDIOVASCULAR PREDISPOSITION IN PREECLAMPSIA AND HYPERTENSION GROUPS IN THE FIRST TRIMESTER. WE POSTULATE THE PIVOTAL ROLE OF THE MATERNAL CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM IN HDP, WHICH IS ALREADY EVIDENT IN THE FIRST TRIMESTER.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
8  3939  23 LNC-IL7R ALLEVIATES PM(2.5)-MEDIATED CELLULAR SENESCENCE AND APOPTOSIS THROUGH EZH2 RECRUITMENT IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. BACKGROUND: LONG-TERM EXPOSURE TO PM(2.5) (PARTICULATE MATTER WITH AN AERODYNAMIC DIAMETER OF </= 2.5 MUM) IS ASSOCIATED WITH PULMONARY INJURY AND EMPHYSEMA IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD). WE INVESTIGATED MECHANISMS THROUGH WHICH THE LONG NONCODING RNA LNC-IL7R CONTRIBUTES TO CELLULAR DAMAGE BY INDUCING OXIDATIVE STRESS IN COPD PATIENTS EXPOSED TO PM(2.5). METHODS: ASSOCIATIONS OF SERUM LNC-IL7R LEVELS WITH LUNG FUNCTION, EMPHYSEMA, AND PREVIOUS PM(2.5) EXPOSURE IN COPD PATIENTS WERE ANALYZED. REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES AND LNC-IL7R LEVELS WERE MEASURED IN PM(2.5)-TREATED CELLS. THE LEVELS OF LNC-IL7R AND CELLULAR SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED GENES, NAMELY P16(INK4A) AND P21(CIP1/WAF1), WERE DETERMINED THROUGH LUNG TISSUE SECTION STAINING. THE EFFECTS OF P16(INK4A) OR P21(CIP1/WAF1) REGULATION WERE EXAMINED BY PERFORMING LNC-IL7R OVEREXPRESSION AND KNOCKDOWN ASSAYS. THE FUNCTIONS OF LNC-IL7R-MEDIATED CELL PROLIFERATION, CELL CYCLE, SENESCENCE, COLONY FORMATION, AND APOPTOSIS WERE EXAMINED IN CELLS TREATED WITH PM(2.5). CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ASSAYS WERE CONDUCTED TO INVESTIGATE THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF P21(CIP1/WAF1). RESULTS: LNC-IL7R LEVELS DECREASED IN COPD PATIENTS AND WERE NEGATIVELY CORRELATED WITH EMPHYSEMA OR PM(2.5) EXPOSURE. LNC-IL7R LEVELS WERE UPREGULATED IN NORMAL LUNG EPITHELIAL CELLS BUT NOT IN COPD CELLS EXPOSED TO PM(2.5). LOWER LNC-IL7R EXPRESSION IN PM(2.5)-TREATED CELLS INDUCED P16(INK4A) AND P21(CIP1/WAF1) EXPRESSION BY INCREASING OXIDATIVE STRESS. HIGHER LNC-IL7R EXPRESSION PROTECTED AGAINST CELLULAR SENESCENCE AND APOPTOSIS, WHEREAS LOWER LNC-IL7R EXPRESSION AUGMENTED INJURY IN PM(2.5)-TREATED CELLS. LNC-IL7R AND THE ENHANCER OF ZESTE HOMOLOG 2 (EZH2) SYNERGISTICALLY SUPPRESSED P21(CIP1/WAF1) EXPRESSION THROUGH EPIGENETIC MODULATION. CONCLUSION: LNC-IL7R ATTENUATES PM(2.5)-MEDIATED P21(CIP1/WAF1) EXPRESSION THROUGH EZH2 RECRUITMENT, AND ITS DYSFUNCTION MAY AUGMENT CELLULAR INJURY IN COPD.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
9   245  35 ADRENERGIC REPRESSION OF THE EPIGENETIC READER MECP2 FACILITATES CARDIAC ADAPTATION IN CHRONIC HEART FAILURE. RATIONALE: IN CHRONIC HEART FAILURE, INCREASED ADRENERGIC ACTIVATION CONTRIBUTES TO STRUCTURAL REMODELING AND ALTERED GENE EXPRESSION. ALTHOUGH ADRENERGIC SIGNALING ALTERS HISTONE MODIFICATIONS, IT IS UNKNOWN, WHETHER IT ALSO AFFECTS OTHER EPIGENETIC PROCESSES, INCLUDING DNA METHYLATION AND ITS RECOGNITION. OBJECTIVE: THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO IDENTIFY THE MECHANISM OF REGULATION OF THE METHYL-CPG-BINDING PROTEIN 2 (MECP2) AND ITS FUNCTIONAL SIGNIFICANCE DURING CARDIAC PRESSURE OVERLOAD AND UNLOADING. METHODS AND RESULTS: MECP2 WAS IDENTIFIED AS A REVERSIBLY REPRESSED GENE IN MOUSE HEARTS AFTER TRANSVERSE AORTIC CONSTRICTION AND WAS NORMALIZED AFTER REMOVAL OF THE CONSTRICTION. SIMILARLY, MECP2 REPRESSION IN HUMAN FAILING HEARTS RESOLVED AFTER UNLOADING BY A LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE. THE CLUSTER MIR-212/132 WAS UPREGULATED AFTER TRANSVERSE AORTIC CONSTRICTION OR ON ACTIVATION OF ALPHA1- AND BETA1-ADRENOCEPTORS AND MIR-212/132 LED TO REPRESSION OF MECP2. PREVENTION OF MECP2 REPRESSION BY A CARDIOMYOCYTE-SPECIFIC, DOXYCYCLINE-REGULATABLE TRANSGENIC MOUSE MODEL AGGRAVATED CARDIAC HYPERTROPHY, FIBROSIS, AND CONTRACTILE DYSFUNCTION AFTER TRANSVERSE AORTIC CONSTRICTION. ABLATION OF MECP2 IN CARDIOMYOCYTES FACILITATED RECOVERY OF FAILING HEARTS AFTER REVERSIBLE TRANSVERSE AORTIC CONSTRICTION. GENOME-WIDE EXPRESSION ANALYSIS, CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION EXPERIMENTS, AND DNA METHYLATION ANALYSIS IDENTIFIED MITOCHONDRIAL GENES AND THEIR TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATORS AS MECP2 TARGET GENES. COINCIDENT WITH ITS REPRESSION, MECP2 WAS REMOVED FROM ITS TARGET GENES, WHEREAS DNA METHYLATION OF MECP2 TARGET GENES REMAINED STABLE DURING PRESSURE OVERLOAD. CONCLUSIONS: THESE DATA CONNECT ADRENERGIC ACTIVATION WITH A MICRORNA-MECP2 EPIGENETIC PATHWAY THAT IS IMPORTANT FOR CARDIAC ADAPTATION DURING THE DEVELOPMENT AND RECOVERY FROM HEART FAILURE.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
10  1785  24 EFFECT OF APABETALONE ON CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS IN DIABETES, CKD, AND RECENT ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME: RESULTS FROM THE BETONMACE RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: CKD AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS INTERACT TO INCREASE THE RISK OF MAJOR ADVERSE CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS (I.E., CARDIOVASCULAR DEATH, NONFATAL MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, OR STROKE) AND CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE. A MALADAPTIVE EPIGENETIC RESPONSE MAY BE A CARDIOVASCULAR RISK DRIVER AND AMENABLE TO MODIFICATION WITH APABETALONE, A SELECTIVE MODULATOR OF THE BROMODOMAIN AND EXTRATERMINAL DOMAIN TRANSCRIPTION SYSTEM. WE EXAMINED THIS QUESTION IN A PRESPECIFIED ANALYSIS OF BETONMACE, A PHASE 3 TRIAL. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: BETONMACE WAS AN EVENT-DRIVEN, RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL COMPARING EFFECTS OF APABETALONE VERSUS PLACEBO ON MAJOR ADVERSE CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS AND HEART FAILURE HOSPITALIZATIONS IN 2425 PARTICIPANTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES AND A RECENT ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME, INCLUDING 288 PARTICIPANTS WITH CKD WITH EGFR <60 ML/MIN PER 1.73 M(2) AT BASELINE. THE PRIMARY END POINT IN BETONMACE WAS THE TIME TO THE FIRST MAJOR ADVERSE CARDIOVASCULAR EVENT, WITH A SECONDARY END POINT OF TIME TO HOSPITALIZATION FOR HEART FAILURE. RESULTS: MEDIAN FOLLOW-UP WAS 27 MONTHS (INTERQUARTILE RANGE, 20-32 MONTHS). IN PARTICIPANTS WITH CKD, APABETALONE COMPARED WITH PLACEBO WAS ASSOCIATED WITH FEWER MAJOR ADVERSE CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS (13 EVENTS IN 124 PATIENTS [11%] VERSUS 35 EVENTS IN 164 PATIENTS [21%]; HAZARD RATIO, 0.50; 95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL, 0.26 TO 0.96) AND FEWER HEART FAILURE-RELATED HOSPITALIZATIONS (THREE HOSPITALIZATIONS IN 124 PATIENTS [3%] VERSUS 14 HOSPITALIZATIONS IN 164 PATIENTS [9%]; HAZARD RATIO, 0.48; 95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL, 0.26 TO 0.86). IN THE NON-CKD GROUP, THE CORRESPONDING HAZARD RATIO VALUES WERE 0.96 (95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL, 0.74 TO 1.24) FOR MAJOR ADVERSE CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS, AND 0.76 (95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL, 0.46 TO 1.27) FOR HEART FAILURE-RELATED HOSPITALIZATION. INTERACTION OF CKD ON TREATMENT EFFECT WAS P=0.03 FOR MAJOR ADVERSE CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS, AND P=0.12 FOR HEART FAILURE-RELATED HOSPITALIZATION. PARTICIPANTS WITH CKD SHOWED SIMILAR NUMBERS OF ADVERSE EVENTS, REGARDLESS OF RANDOMIZATION TO APABETALONE OR PLACEBO (119 [73%] VERSUS 88 [71%] PATIENTS), AND THERE WERE FEWER SERIOUS ADVERSE EVENTS (29% VERSUS 43%; P=0.02) IN THE APABETALONE GROUP. CONCLUSIONS: APABETALONE MAY REDUCE THE INCIDENCE OF MAJOR ADVERSE CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS IN PATIENTS WITH CKD AND TYPE 2 DIABETES WHO HAVE A HIGH BURDEN OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE.	2021	
                                                                                                                                    
11  5572  27 ROLE OF MICRORNA IN DIABETIC CARDIOMYOPATHY: FROM MECHANISM TO INTERVENTION. DIABETIC CARDIOMYOPATHY IS A CHRONIC AND IRREVERSIBLE HEART COMPLICATION IN DIABETIC PATIENTS, AND IS CHARACTERIZED BY COMPLEX PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC EVENTS INCLUDING EARLY DIASTOLIC DYSFUNCTION, CARDIAC HYPERTROPHY, VENTRICULAR DILATION AND SYSTOLIC DYSFUNCTION, EVENTUALLY RESULTING IN HEART FAILURE. DESPITE THESE CHARACTERISTICS, THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS LEADING TO DIABETIC CARDIOMYOPATHY ARE STILL ELUSIVE. RECENT STUDIES HAVE IMPLICATED MICRORNA, A SMALL AND HIGHLY CONSERVED NON-CODING RNA MOLECULE, IN THE ETIOLOGY OF DIABETES AND ITS COMPLICATIONS, SUGGESTING A POTENTIALLY NOVEL APPROACH FOR THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF DIABETIC CARDIOMYOPATHY. THIS BRIEF REVIEW AIMS AT CAPTURING RECENT STUDIES RELATED TO THE ROLE OF MICRORNA IN DIABETIC CARDIOMYOPATHY. THIS ARTICLE IS PART OF A SPECIAL ISSUE ENTITLED: GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC CONTROL OF HEART FAILURE - EDITED BY JUN REN & MEGAN YINGMEI ZHANG.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
12  1125  31 COMPLEX INHIBITION OF AUTOPHAGY BY MITOCHONDRIAL ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE SHORTENS LIFESPAN AND EXACERBATES CARDIAC AGING. AUTOPHAGY, A CONSERVATIVE DEGRADATION PROCESS FOR LONG-LIVED AND DAMAGED PROTEINS, PARTICIPATES IN A CASCADE OF BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES INCLUDING AGING. A NUMBER OF AUTOPHAGY REGULATORS HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED. HERE WE DEMONSTRATED THAT MITOCHONDRIAL ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE (ALDH2), AN ENZYME WITH THE MOST COMMON SINGLE POINT MUTATION IN HUMANS, GOVERNS CARDIAC AGING THROUGH REGULATION OF AUTOPHAGY. MYOCARDIAL MECHANICAL AND AUTOPHAGY PROPERTIES WERE EXAMINED IN YOUNG (4MONTHS) AND OLD (26-28MONTHS) WILD-TYPE (WT) AND GLOBAL ALDH2 TRANSGENIC MICE. ALDH2 OVEREXPRESSION SHORTENED LIFESPAN BY 7.7% WITHOUT AFFECTING AGING-ASSOCIATED CHANGES IN PLASMA METABOLIC PROFILES. MYOCARDIAL FUNCTION WAS COMPROMISED WITH AGING ASSOCIATED WITH CARDIAC HYPERTROPHY, THE EFFECTS WERE ACCENTUATED BY ALDH2. AGING OVERTLY SUPPRESSED AUTOPHAGY AND COMPROMISED AUTOPHAGY FLUX, THE EFFECTS WERE EXACERBATED BY ALDH2. AGING DAMPENED PHOSPHORYLATION OF JNK, BCL-2, IKKBETA, AMPK AND TSC2 WHILE PROMOTING PHOSPHORYLATION OF MTOR, THE EFFECTS OF WHICH WERE EXAGGERATED BY ALDH2. CO-IMMUNOPRECIPITATION REVEALED INCREASED DISSOCIATION BETWEEN BCL-2 AND BECLIN-1 (RESULT OF DECREASED BCL-2 PHOSPHORYLATION) IN AGING, THE EFFECT OF WHICH WAS EXACERBATED WITH ALDH2. CHRONIC TREATMENT OF THE AUTOPHAGY INDUCER RAPAMYCIN ALLEVIATED AGING-INDUCED CARDIAC DYSFUNCTION IN BOTH WT AND ALDH2 MICE. MOREOVER, ACTIVATION OF JNK AND INHIBITION OF EITHER BCL-2 OR IKKBETA OVERTLY ATTENUATED ALDH2 ACTIVATION-INDUCED ACCENTUATION OF CARDIOMYOCYTE AGING. EXAMINATION OF THE OTHERWISE ELDERLY INDIVIDUALS REVEALED A POSITIVE CORRELATION BETWEEN CARDIAC FUNCTION/GEOMETRY AND ALDH2 GENE MUTATION. TAKEN TOGETHER, OUR DATA REVEALED THAT ALDH2 ENZYME MAY SUPPRESS MYOCARDIAL AUTOPHAGY POSSIBLY THROUGH A COMPLEX JNK-BCL-2 AND IKKBETA-AMPK-DEPENDENT MECHANISM EN ROUTE TO ACCENTUATION OF MYOCARDIAL REMODELING AND CONTRACTILE DYSFUNCTION IN AGING. THIS ARTICLE IS PART OF A SPECIAL ISSUE ENTITLED: GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC CONTROL OF HEART FAILURE - EDITED BY JUN REN & MEGAN YINGMEI ZHANG.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
13  2356  48 EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION-INDUCED VASCULAR AND RIGHT VENTRICULAR REMODELING: NEW OPPORTUNITIES? PULMONARY ARTERY HYPERTENSION (PAH) IS A RARE CHRONIC DISEASE WITH HIGH IMPACT ON PATIENTS' QUALITY OF LIFE AND CURRENTLY NO AVAILABLE CURE. PAH IS CHARACTERIZED BY CONSTANT REMODELING OF THE PULMONARY ARTERY BY INCREASED PROLIFERATION AND MIGRATION OF PULMONARY ARTERIAL SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS (PASMCS), FIBROBLASTS (FBS) AND ENDOTHELIAL CELLS (ECS). THIS REMODELING EVENTUALLY LEADS TO INCREASED PRESSURE IN THE RIGHT VENTRICLE (RV) AND SUBSEQUENT RIGHT VENTRICLE HYPERTROPHY (RVH) WHICH, WHEN LEFT UNTREATED, PROGRESSES INTO RIGHT VENTRICLE FAILURE (RVF). PAH CAN NOT ONLY ORIGINATE FROM HERITABLE MUTATIONS, BUT ALSO DEVELOP AS A CONSEQUENCE OF CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE, EXPOSURE TO DRUGS OR TOXINS, HIV, CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASE OR BE IDIOPATHIC. WHILE MUCH ATTENTION WAS DRAWN INTO INVESTIGATING AND DEVELOPING THERAPIES RELATED TO THE MOST WELL UNDERSTOOD SIGNALING PATHWAYS IN PAH, IN THE LAST DECADE, A SHIFT TOWARDS UNDERSTANDING THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS DRIVING THE DISEASE OCCURRED. IN THIS REVIEW, WE REFLECT ON THE DIFFERENT EPIGENETIC REGULATORY FACTORS THAT ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE PATHOLOGY OF RV REMODELING, AND ON THEIR RELEVANCE TOWARDS A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE DISEASE AND SUBSEQUENTLY, THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW AND MORE EFFICIENT THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
14  3179  29 HAIR CORTISOL AS A HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS BIOMARKER IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ASTHMA: A RETROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY. BACKGROUND: CORTISOL IS A HORMONE INVOLVED IN MANY PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS INCLUDING FETAL MATURATION AND EPIGENETIC PROGRAMMING DURING PREGNANCY. THIS STUDY AIMED TO USE HAIR CORTISOL AS A BIOMARKER OF CHRONIC INHALED CORTICOSTEROID (ICS) EXPOSURE AND ASSESS THE POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF ASTHMA ON THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL (HPA) AXIS IN PREGNANT WOMEN. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ASTHMA TREATED WITH ICS WOULD EXHIBIT LOWER HAIR CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS, INDICATIVE OF ADRENAL SUPPRESSION, COMPARED TO WOMEN WITH ASTHMA NOT USING ICS AND WOMEN WHO DO NOT HAVE ASTHMA. METHODS: WE PERFORMED AN OBSERVATIONAL RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY. HAIR SAMPLES WERE ANALYZED FROM PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ASTHMA, WITH (N = 56) AND WITHOUT (N = 31) ICS TREATMENT, AND PREGNANT WOMEN WITHOUT ASTHMA (N = 31). HAIR SAMPLES WERE SEGMENTED BASED ON THE GROWTH RATE OF 1 CM/MONTH AND ANALYZED BY ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY TO PROVIDE CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS CORRESPONDING TO PRECONCEPTION, TRIMESTERS 1-3, AND POSTPARTUM. HAIR CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS WERE COMPARED WITHIN AND AMONG THE GROUPS USING NON-PARAMETRIC STATISTICAL TESTS. RESULTS: HAIR CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS INCREASED ACROSS TRIMESTERS FOR ALL THREE GROUPS, BUT THIS INCREASE WAS DAMPENED IN WOMEN WITH ASTHMA (P = 0.03 FOR CONTROLS VS. ICS TREATED AND CONTROLS VS. NO ICS). ICS TREATED WOMEN TAKING MORE THAN FIVE DOSES PER WEEK HAD HAIR CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS 47 % LOWER IN THIRD TRIMESTER THAN CONTROLS. LINEAR REGRESSION OF THE THIRD TRIMESTER HAIR CORTISOL RESULTS IDENTIFIED ASTHMA AS A SIGNIFICANT FACTOR WHEN COMPARING CONSISTENT ICS USE OR ASTHMA AS THE PREDICTOR (F(1, 25) = 9.7, P = 0.005, R(2) ADJ = 0.257). CONCLUSIONS: HAIR CORTISOL SUCCESSFULLY SHOWED THE EXPECTED CHANGE IN CORTISOL OVER THE COURSE OF PREGNANCY AND MAY BE A USEFUL BIOMARKER OF HPA AXIS FUNCTION IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ASTHMA. THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF DECREASED MATERNAL CORTISOL IN WOMEN WITH ASTHMA ON PERINATAL OUTCOMES REMAINS TO BE DETERMINED.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
15   846  30 CHILDHOOD EXPOSURE TO AMBIENT POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IS LINKED TO EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS AND IMPAIRED SYSTEMIC IMMUNITY IN T CELLS. BACKGROUND: EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT EXPOSURE TO POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHS) INCREASES ATOPY; IT IS UNCLEAR HOW PAH EXPOSURE IS LINKED TO INCREASED SEVERITY OF ATOPIC DISEASES. OBJECTIVE: WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT AMBIENT PAH EXPOSURE IS LINKED TO IMPAIRMENT OF IMMUNITY IN ATOPIC CHILDREN (DEFINED AS CHILDREN WITH ASTHMA AND/OR ALLERGIC RHINITIS) FROM FRESNO, CALIFORNIA, AN AREA WITH ELEVATED AMBIENT PAHS. METHODS: WE RECRUITED 256 SUBJECTS FROM FRESNO, CA. AMBIENT PAH CONCENTRATIONS (NG/M(3) ) WERE MEASURED USING A SPATIAL-TEMPORAL REGRESSION MODEL OVER MULTIPLE TIME PERIODS. ASTHMA DIAGNOSIS WAS DETERMINED BY CURRENT NHLBI CRITERIA. PHENOTYPING AND FUNCTIONAL IMMUNE MEASUREMENTS WERE PERFORMED FROM ISOLATED CELLS. FOR EPIGENETIC MEASUREMENTS, DNA WAS ISOLATED AND PYROSEQUENCED. RESULTS: WE SHOW THAT HIGHER AVERAGE PAH EXPOSURE WAS SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH IMPAIRED TREG FUNCTION AND INCREASED METHYLATION IN THE FORKHEAD BOX PROTEIN 3 (FOXP3) LOCUS (P < 0.05), CONDITIONAL ON ATOPIC STATUS. THESE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY LINKED TO DIFFERENTIAL PROTEIN EXPRESSION OF FOXP3 (P < 0.001). METHYLATION WAS ASSOCIATED WITH CELLULAR FUNCTIONAL CHANGES, SPECIFICALLY TREG DYSFUNCTION, AND AN INCREASE IN TOTAL PLASMA IGE LEVELS. PROTEIN EXPRESSION OF IL-10 DECREASED AND IFN-GAMMA INCREASED AS THE EXTENT OF PAH EXPOSURE INCREASED. THE STRENGTH OF THE ASSOCIATIONS GENERALLY INCREASED AS THE TIME WINDOW FOR AVERAGE PAH EXPOSURE INCREASED FROM 24 HR TO 1 YEAR, SUGGESTING MORE OF A CHRONIC RESPONSE. SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATIONS WITH CHRONIC PAH EXPOSURE AND IMMUNE OUTCOMES WERE ALSO OBSERVED IN SUBJECTS WITH ALLERGIC RHINITIS. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: COLLECTIVELY, THESE RESULTS DEMONSTRATE THAT INCREASED AMBIENT PAH EXPOSURE IS ASSOCIATED WITH IMPAIRED SYSTEMIC IMMUNITY AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN A KEY LOCUS INVOLVED IN ATOPY: FOXP3, WITH A HIGHER IMPACT ON ATOPIC CHILDREN. THE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT INCREASED ATOPIC CLINICAL SYMPTOMS IN CHILDREN COULD BE LINKED TO INCREASED PAH EXPOSURE IN AIR POLLUTION.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
16  3719  34 INHIBITION OF BET PROTEINS REDUCES RIGHT VENTRICLE HYPERTROPHY AND PULMONARY HYPERTENSION RESULTING FROM COMBINED HYPOXIA AND PULMONARY INFLAMMATION. PULMONARY HYPERTENSION IS A CO-MORBIDITY, WHICH STRONGLY PARTICIPATES IN MORBI-MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD). RECENT FINDINGS SHOWED THAT BROMODOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEINS, IN CHARGE OF READING HISTONE ACETYLATION, COULD BE INVOLVED IN PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION. OUR AIM WAS TO STUDY THE EFFECT OF I-BET151, AN INHIBITOR OF BROMODOMAIN AND EXTRA-TERMINAL DOMAIN (BET), ON THE RIGHT VENTRICLE HYPERTROPHY AND PULMONARY HYPERTENSION, INDUCED BY A COMBINATION OF CHRONIC HYPOXIA AND PULMONARY INFLAMMATION, AS THE TWO MAIN STIMULI ENCOUNTERED IN COPD. ADULT WISTAR MALE RATS, EXPOSED TO CHRONIC HYPOXIA PLUS PULMONARY INFLAMMATION (CHPI), SHOWED A SIGNIFICANT RIGHT VENTRICLE HYPERTROPHY (+57%, P < 0.001), AN INCREASE IN SYSTOLIC PRESSURE (+46%, P < 0.001) AND IN CONTRACTION SPEED (+36%, P < 0.001), WHEN COMPARED TO CONTROL ANIMALS. I-BET151 TREATED ANIMALS (CHPI-IB) SHOWED RESTORED HEMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS TO LEVELS SIMILAR TO CONTROL ANIMALS, DESPITE CHRONIC HYPOXIA PLUS EXPOSURE TO PULMONARY INFLAMMATION. THEY DISPLAYED LOWER RIGHT VENTRICLE HYPERTROPHY AND HEMATOCRIT COMPARED TO THE CHPI GROUP (RESPECTIVELY -16%, P < 0.001; AND -9%, P < 0.05). OUR DESCRIPTIVE STUDY SHOWS A VALUABLE EFFECT OF THE INHIBITION OF BROMODOMAIN AND EXTRA-TERMINAL DOMAIN PROTEINS ON HEMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS, DESPITE THE PRESENCE OF CHRONIC HYPOXIA AND PULMONARY INFLAMMATION. THIS SUGGESTS THAT SUCH INHIBITION COULD BE OF POTENTIAL INTEREST FOR COPD PATIENTS WITH PULMONARY HYPERTENSION. FURTHER STUDIES ARE NEEDED TO UNRAVEL THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS INVOLVED AND THE NET BENEFITS OF INHIBITING ADAPTATIONS TO CHRONIC HYPOXIA.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
17  3975  41 LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES OF PLACENTAL VASCULAR PATHOLOGY ON THE MATERNAL AND OFFSPRING CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS. OVER THE LAST THIRTY YEARS, EVIDENCE HAS BEEN ACCUMULATING THAT HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS OF PREGNANCY (HDP) AND, SPECIFICALLY, PREECLAMPSIA (PE) PRODUCE NOT ONLY LONG-TERM EFFECTS ON THE PREGNANT WOMAN, BUT HAVE ALSO LASTING CONSEQUENCES FOR THE FETUS. AT THE CORE OF THESE CONSEQUENCES IS THE PHENOMENON KNOWN AS DEFECTIVE DEEP PLACENTATION, BEING PRESENT IN VIRTUALLY EVERY MAJOR OBSTETRICAL SYNDROME. THE PROFOUND PLACENTAL VASCULAR LESIONS CHARACTERISTIC OF THIS PATHOLOGY CAN INDUCE LONG-TERM ADVERSE CONSEQUENCES FOR THE PREGNANT WOMAN'S ENTIRE ARTERIAL SYSTEM. IN ADDITION, PLACENTAL GROWTH RESTRICTION AND FUNCTION CAN, IN TURN, CAUSE A DECREASED BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE FETUS, WITH LONG-LASTING EFFECTS. WOMEN WITH A HISTORY OF HDP HAVE AN INCREASED RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES (CVD) COMPARED WITH WOMEN WITH NORMAL PREGNANCIES. SPECIFICALLY, THESE SUBJECTS ARE AT A FUTURE HIGHER RISK OF: HYPERTENSION; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; HEART FAILURE; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENTS (STROKE); CVD-RELATED MORTALITY. VASCULAR PATHOLOGY IN PREGNANCY AND CVD MAY SHARE A COMMON ETIOLOGY AND MAY HAVE COMMON RISK FACTORS, WHICH ARE UNMASKED BY THE "STRESS" OF PREGNANCY. IT IS ALSO POSSIBLE THAT THE FUTURE OCCURRENCE OF A CVD MAY BE THE CONSEQUENCE OF ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION GENERATED BY PREGNANCY-INDUCED HYPERTENSION THAT PERSISTS AFTER DELIVERY. ALTHOUGH BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL MARKERS OF PE ABOUND, INFORMATION ON MARKERS FOR A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION IN THE VARIOUS GROUPS IS STILL LACKING. LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES FOR THE FETUS ARE AN INTEGRAL PART OF THE THEORY OF A FETAL ORIGIN OF A NUMBER OF ADULT DISEASES, KNOWN AS THE BARKER HYPOTHESIS. INDEED, INTRAUTERINE MALNUTRITION AND FETAL GROWTH RESTRICTION REPRESENT SIGNIFICANT RISK FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHRONIC HYPERTENSION, DIABETES, STROKE AND DEATH FROM CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN ADULTS. OTHER FACTORS WILL ALSO INFLUENCE THE DEVELOPMENT LATER IN LIFE OF HYPERTENSION, CORONARY AND MYOCARDIAL DISEASE; THEY INCLUDE PARENTAL GENETIC DISPOSITION, EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION, CONCURRENT INTRAUTERINE EXPOSURES, AND THE LIFESTYLE OF THE AFFECTED INDIVIDUAL.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
18  3064  31 GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION ENCODES CARDIAC TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPROGRAMMING IN HUMAN ISCHEMIC HEART FAILURE. ISCHEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHY (ICM) IS THE CLINICAL ENDPOINT OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE AND A LEADING CAUSE OF HEART FAILURE. DESPITE GROWING DEMANDS TO DEVELOP PERSONALIZED APPROACHES TO TREAT ICM, PROGRESS IS LIMITED BY INADEQUATE KNOWLEDGE OF ITS PATHOGENESIS. SINCE EPIGENETICS HAS BEEN IMPLICATED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF OTHER CHRONIC DISEASES, THE CURRENT STUDY WAS DESIGNED TO DETERMINE WHETHER TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND/OR EPIGENETIC CHANGES ARE SUFFICIENT TO DISTINGUISH ICM FROM OTHER ETIOLOGIES OF HEART FAILURE. SPECIFICALLY, WE HYPOTHESIZE THAT GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION ENCODES TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPROGRAMMING IN ICM. RNA-SEQUENCING ANALYSIS WAS PERFORMED ON HUMAN ISCHEMIC LEFT VENTRICULAR TISSUE OBTAINED FROM PATIENTS WITH END-STAGE HEART FAILURE, WHICH ENRICHED KNOWN TARGETS OF THE POLYCOMB METHYLTRANSFERASE EZH2 COMPARED TO NON-ISCHEMIC HEARTS. COMBINED RNA SEQUENCING AND GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION ANALYSIS REVEALED A ROBUST GENE EXPRESSION PATTERN CONSISTENT WITH SUPPRESSION OF OXIDATIVE METABOLISM, INDUCED ANAEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS, AND ALTERED CELLULAR REMODELING. LASTLY, KLF15 WAS IDENTIFIED AS A PUTATIVE UPSTREAM REGULATOR OF METABOLIC GENE EXPRESSION THAT WAS ITSELF REGULATED BY EZH2 IN A SET DOMAIN-DEPENDENT MANNER. OUR OBSERVATIONS THEREFORE DEFINE A NOVEL ROLE OF DNA METHYLATION IN THE METABOLIC REPROGRAMMING OF ICM. FURTHERMORE, WE IDENTIFY EZH2 AS AN EPIGENETIC REGULATOR OF KLF15 ALONG WITH DNA HYPERMETHYLATION, AND WE PROPOSE A NOVEL MECHANISM THROUGH WHICH CORONARY HEART DISEASE REPROGRAMS THE EXPRESSION OF BOTH INTERMEDIATE ENZYMES AND UPSTREAM REGULATORS OF CARDIAC METABOLISM SUCH AS KLF15.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
19  5760  32 SOLUBLE URIC ACID PRIMES TLR-INDUCED PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE PRODUCTION BY HUMAN PRIMARY CELLS VIA INHIBITION OF IL-1RA. OBJECTIVES: THE STUDY OF THE PROINFLAMMATORY ROLE OF URIC ACID HAS FOCUSED ON THE EFFECTS OF ITS CRYSTALS OF MONOSODIUM URATE (MSU). HOWEVER, LITTLE IS KNOWN WHETHER URIC ACID ITSELF CAN DIRECTLY HAVE PROINFLAMMATORY EFFECTS. IN THIS STUDY, WE INVESTIGATE THE PRIMING EFFECTS OF URIC ACID EXPOSURE ON THE CYTOKINE PRODUCTION OF PRIMARY HUMAN CELLS UPON STIMULATION WITH GOUT-RELATED STIMULI. METHODS: PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS (PBMCS) WERE HARVESTED FROM PATIENTS WITH GOUT AND HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS. CELLS WERE PRETREATED WITH OR WITHOUT URIC ACID IN SOLUBLE FORM FOR 24 H AND THEN STIMULATED FOR 24 H WITH TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR (TLR)2 OR TLR4 LIGANDS IN THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF MSU CRYSTALS. CYTOKINE PRODUCTION WAS MEASURED BY ELISA; MRNA LEVELS WERE ASSESSED USING QPCR. RESULTS: THE PRODUCTION OF INTERLEUKIN (IL)-1BETA AND IL-6 WAS HIGHER IN PATIENTS COMPARED WITH CONTROLS AND THIS CORRELATED WITH SERUM URATE LEVELS. PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE PRODUCTION WAS SIGNIFICANTLY POTENTIATED WHEN CELLS FROM HEALTHY SUBJECTS WERE PRETREATED WITH URIC ACID. SURPRISINGLY, THIS WAS ASSOCIATED WITH A SIGNIFICANT DOWNREGULATION OF THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE IL-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST (IL-1RA). THIS EFFECT WAS SPECIFIC TO STIMULATION BY URIC ACID AND WAS EXERTED AT THE LEVEL OF GENE TRANSCRIPTION. EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING AT THE LEVEL OF HISTONE METHYLATION BY URIC ACID WAS INVOLVED IN THIS EFFECT. CONCLUSIONS: IN THIS STUDY WE DEMONSTRATE A MECHANISM THROUGH WHICH HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF URIC ACID (UP TO 50 MG/DL) INFLUENCE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES BY FACILITATING IL-1BETA PRODUCTION IN PBMCS. WE SHOW THAT A MECHANISM FOR THE AMPLIFICATION OF IL-1BETA CONSISTS IN THE DOWNREGULATION OF IL-1RA AND THAT THIS EFFECT COULD BE EXERTED VIA EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS SUCH AS HISTONE METHYLATION. HYPERURICAEMIA CAUSES A SHIFT IN THE IL-1BETA/IL-1RA BALANCE PRODUCED BY PBMCS AFTER EXPOSURE TO MSU CRYSTALS AND TLR-MEDIATED STIMULI, AND THIS PHENOMENON IS LIKELY TO REINFORCE THE ENHANCED STATE OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATION.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
20   169  30 ABNORMALITIES OF AMPK ACTIVATION AND GLUCOSE UPTAKE IN CULTURED SKELETAL MUSCLE CELLS FROM INDIVIDUALS WITH CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME. BACKGROUND: POST EXERTIONAL MUSCLE FATIGUE IS A KEY FEATURE IN CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME (CFS). ABNORMALITIES OF SKELETAL MUSCLE FUNCTION HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED IN SOME BUT NOT ALL PATIENTS WITH CFS. TO TRY TO LIMIT POTENTIAL CONFOUNDERS THAT MIGHT CONTRIBUTE TO THIS CLINICAL HETEROGENEITY, WE DEVELOPED A NOVEL IN VITRO SYSTEM THAT ALLOWS COMPARISON OF AMP KINASE (AMPK) ACTIVATION AND METABOLIC RESPONSES TO EXERCISE IN CULTURED SKELETAL MUSCLE CELLS FROM CFS PATIENTS AND CONTROL SUBJECTS. METHODS: SKELETAL MUSCLE CELL CULTURES WERE ESTABLISHED FROM 10 SUBJECTS WITH CFS AND 7 AGE-MATCHED CONTROLS, SUBJECTED TO ELECTRICAL PULSE STIMULATION (EPS) FOR UP TO 24H AND EXAMINED FOR CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH EXERCISE. RESULTS: IN THE BASAL STATE, CFS CULTURES SHOWED INCREASED MYOGENIN EXPRESSION BUT DECREASED IL6 SECRETION DURING DIFFERENTIATION COMPARED WITH CONTROL CULTURES. CONTROL CULTURES SUBJECTED TO 16 H EPS SHOWED A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN BOTH AMPK PHOSPHORYLATION AND GLUCOSE UPTAKE COMPARED WITH UNSTIMULATED CELLS. IN CONTRAST, CFS CULTURES SHOWED NO INCREASE IN AMPK PHOSPHORYLATION OR GLUCOSE UPTAKE AFTER 16 H EPS. HOWEVER, GLUCOSE UPTAKE REMAINED RESPONSIVE TO INSULIN IN THE CFS CELLS POINTING TO AN EXERCISE-RELATED DEFECT. IL6 SECRETION IN RESPONSE TO EPS WAS SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED IN CFS COMPARED WITH CONTROL CULTURES AT ALL TIME POINTS MEASURED. CONCLUSION: EPS IS AN EFFECTIVE MODEL FOR ELICITING MUSCLE CONTRACTION AND THE METABOLIC CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH EXERCISE IN CULTURED SKELETAL MUSCLE CELLS. WE FOUND FOUR MAIN DIFFERENCES IN CULTURED SKELETAL MUSCLE CELLS FROM SUBJECTS WITH CFS; INCREASED MYOGENIN EXPRESSION IN THE BASAL STATE, IMPAIRED ACTIVATION OF AMPK, IMPAIRED STIMULATION OF GLUCOSE UPTAKE AND DIMINISHED RELEASE OF IL6. THE RETENTION OF THESE DIFFERENCES IN CULTURED MUSCLE CELLS FROM CFS SUBJECTS POINTS TO A GENETIC/EPIGENETIC MECHANISM, AND PROVIDES A SYSTEM TO IDENTIFY NOVEL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS.	2015