1  2634 176 EPIGENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION PROFILING OF CONDITIONED PAIN MODULATION IN INDIVIDUALS WITH NON-SPECIFIC CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN. BACKGROUND: THE PATHOANATOMIC CAUSE OF CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN (CLBP) CANNOT BE IDENTIFIED FOR UP TO 90% OF INDIVIDUALS. HOWEVER, DYSFUNCTIONAL PROCESSING OF ENDOGENOUS NOCICEPTIVE INPUT, MEASURED AS CONDITIONED PAIN MODULATION (CPM), HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH CLBP AND MAY INVOLVE CHANGES IN NEURONAL GENE EXPRESSION. EPIGENETIC-INDUCED CHANGES SUCH AS DNA METHYLATION (DNAM) HAVE BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH CLBP. METHODS: IN THE PRESENT STUDY, THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CPM AND DNAM CHANGES IN A SAMPLE OF COMMUNITY-DWELLING ADULTS WITH NONSPECIFIC CLBP (N = 48) AND PAIN-FREE CONTROLS (PFC; N = 50) WAS EXAMINED USING REDUCED REPRESENTATION BISULFITE SEQUENCING. GENE ONTOLOGY (GO) TERM ENRICHMENT AND KYOTO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF GENES AND GENOMES (KEGG) PATHWAY ANALYSIS WERE APPLIED TO IDENTIFY KEY PATHWAYS INVOLVED IN EFFICIENT VERSUS DEFICIENT CPM. RESULTS: BASED ON CPM EFFICIENCY, WE IDENTIFIED 6006 AND 18,305 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPG SITES (DMCS) WITH Q VALUES < 0.01 AMONG INDIVIDUALS WITH CLBP AND PFCS, RESPECTIVELY. MOST OF THE DMCS WERE HYPOMETHYLATED AND ANNOTATED TO GENES OF RELEVANCE TO PAIN, INCLUDING OPRM1, ADRB2, CACNA2D3, GNA12, LPL, NAXD, AND ASPHD1. IN BOTH CLBP AND PFC GROUPS, THE DMCS ANNOTATED GENES ENRICHED MANY GO TERMS RELEVANT TO PAIN PROCESSING, INCLUDING TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION BY RNA POLYMERASE II, NERVOUS SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT, GENERATION OF NEURONS, NEURON DIFFERENTIATION, AND NEUROGENESIS. BOTH GROUPS ALSO ENRICHED THE PATHWAYS INVOLVED IN RAP1-SIGNALING, CANCER, AND DOPAMINERGIC NEUROGENESIS. HOWEVER, MAPK-RAS SIGNALING PATHWAYS WERE ENRICHED IN THE CLBP, NOT THE PFC GROUP. CONCLUSIONS: THIS IS THE FIRST STUDY TO INVESTIGATE THE GENOME-SCALE DNA METHYLATION PROFILES OF CPM PHENOTYPE IN ADULTS WITH CLBP AND PFCS. BASED ON CPM EFFICIENCY, FEWER DMC ENRICHMENT PATHWAYS WERE UNIQUE TO THE CLBP THAN THE PFCS GROUP. OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT EPIGENETICALLY INDUCED MODIFICATION OF NEURONAL DEVELOPMENT/DIFFERENTIATION PATHWAYS MAY AFFECT CPM EFFICIENCY, SUGGESTING NOVEL POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS FOR CENTRAL SENSITIZATION. HOWEVER, CPM EFFICIENCY AND THE EXPERIENCE OF NONSPECIFIC CLBP MAY BE INDEPENDENT. FURTHER MECHANISTIC STUDIES ARE REQUIRED TO CONFIRM THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CPM, CENTRAL SENSITIZATION, AND NONSPECIFIC CLBP.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
2  3487  44 IDENTIFICATION OF DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED SITES WITH WEAK METHYLATION EFFECTS. DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA) METHYLATION IS AN EPIGENETIC ALTERATION CRUCIAL FOR REGULATING STRESS RESPONSES. IDENTIFYING LARGE-SCALE DNA METHYLATION AT SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE RESOLUTION IS MADE POSSIBLE BY WHOLE GENOME BISULFITE SEQUENCING. AN ESSENTIAL TASK FOLLOWING THE GENERATION OF BISULFITE SEQUENCING DATA IS TO DETECT DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CYTOSINES (DMCS) AMONG TREATMENTS. MOST STATISTICAL METHODS FOR DMC DETECTION DO NOT CONSIDER THE DEPENDENCY OF METHYLATION PATTERNS ACROSS THE GENOME, THUS POSSIBLY INFLATING TYPE I ERROR. FURTHERMORE, SMALL SAMPLE SIZES AND WEAK METHYLATION EFFECTS AMONG DIFFERENT PHENOTYPE CATEGORIES MAKE IT DIFFICULT FOR THESE STATISTICAL METHODS TO ACCURATELY DETECT DMCS. TO ADDRESS THESE ISSUES, THE WAVELET-BASED FUNCTIONAL MIXED MODEL (WFMM) WAS INTRODUCED TO DETECT DMCS. TO FURTHER EXAMINE THE PERFORMANCE OF WFMM IN DETECTING WEAK DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION EVENTS, WE USED BOTH SIMULATED AND EMPIRICAL DATA AND COMPARE WFMM PERFORMANCE TO A POPULAR DMC DETECTION TOOL METHYLKIT. ANALYSES OF SIMULATED DATA THAT REPLICATED THE EFFECTS OF THE HERBICIDE GLYPHOSATE ON DNA METHYLATION IN ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA SHOW THAT WFMM RESULTS IN HIGHER SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY IN DETECTING DMCS COMPARED TO METHYLKIT, ESPECIALLY WHEN THE METHYLATION DIFFERENCES AMONG PHENOTYPE GROUPS ARE SMALL. MOREOVER, THE PERFORMANCE OF WFMM IS ROBUST WITH RESPECT TO SMALL SAMPLE SIZES, MAKING IT PARTICULARLY ATTRACTIVE CONSIDERING THE CURRENT HIGH COSTS OF BISULFITE SEQUENCING. ANALYSIS OF EMPIRICAL ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA DATA UNDER VARYING GLYPHOSATE DOSAGES, AND THE ANALYSIS OF MONOZYGOTIC (MZ) TWINS WHO HAVE DIFFERENT PAIN SENSITIVITIES-BOTH DATASETS HAVE WEAK METHYLATION EFFECTS OF <1%-SHOW THAT WFMM CAN IDENTIFY MORE RELEVANT DMCS RELATED TO THE PHENOTYPE OF INTEREST THAN METHYLKIT. DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS (DMRS) ARE GENOMIC REGIONS WITH DIFFERENT DNA METHYLATION STATUS ACROSS BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES. DMRS AND DMCS ARE ESSENTIALLY THE SAME CONCEPTS, WITH THE ONLY DIFFERENCE BEING HOW METHYLATION INFORMATION ACROSS THE GENOME IS SUMMARIZED. IF METHYLATION LEVELS ARE DETERMINED BY GROUPING NEIGHBORING CYTOSINE SITES, THEN THEY ARE DMRS; IF METHYLATION LEVELS ARE CALCULATED BASED ON SINGLE CYTOSINES, THEY ARE DMCS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
3  1555  50 DNA METHYLATION MAPPING IDENTIFIES GENE REGULATORY EFFECTS IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. OBJECTIVES: SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE) IS A CHRONIC AUTOIMMUNE CONDITION WITH HETEROGENEOUS PRESENTATION AND COMPLEX AETIOLOGY WHERE DNA METHYLATION CHANGES ARE EMERGING AS A CONTRIBUTING FACTOR. IN ORDER TO DISCOVER NOVEL EPIGENETIC ASSOCIATIONS AND INVESTIGATE THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO GENETIC RISK FOR SLE, WE ANALYSED DNA METHYLATION PROFILES IN A LARGE COLLECTION OF PATIENTS WITH SLE AND HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS. METHODS: DNA EXTRACTED FROM BLOOD FROM 548 PATIENTS WITH SLE AND 587 HEALTHY CONTROLS WERE ANALYSED ON THE ILLUMINA HUMANMETHYLATION 450 K BEADCHIP, WHICH TARGETS 485 000 CPG SITES ACROSS THE GENOME. SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM (SNP) GENOTYPE DATA FOR 196 524 SNPS ON THE ILLUMINA IMMUNOCHIP FROM THE SAME INDIVIDUALS WERE UTILISED FOR METHYLATION QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI (CIS-MEQTLS) ANALYSES. RESULTS: WE IDENTIFIED AND REPLICATED DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPGS (DMCS) IN SLE AT 7245 CPG SITES IN THE GENOME. THE LARGEST METHYLATION DIFFERENCES WERE OBSERVED AT TYPE I INTERFERON-REGULATED GENES WHICH EXHIBITED DECREASED METHYLATION IN SLE. WE MAPPED CIS-MEQTLS AND IDENTIFIED GENETIC REGULATION OF METHYLATION LEVELS AT 466 OF THE DMCS IN SLE. THE MEQTLS FOR DMCS IN SLE WERE ENRICHED FOR GENETIC ASSOCIATION TO SLE, AND INCLUDED SEVEN SLE GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY (GWAS) LOCI: PTPRC (CD45), MHC-CLASS III, UHRF1BP1, IRF5, IRF7, IKZF3 AND UBE2L3. IN ADDITION, WE OBSERVED ASSOCIATION BETWEEN GENOTYPE AND VARIANCE OF METHYLATION AT 20 DMCS IN SLE, INCLUDING AT THE HLA-DQB2 LOCUS. CONCLUSIONS: OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT SEVERAL OF THE GENETIC RISK VARIANTS FOR SLE MAY EXERT THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE PHENOTYPE THROUGH ALTERATION OF DNA METHYLATION LEVELS AT REGULATORY REGIONS OF TARGET GENES.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
4  2406  49 EPIGENETIC RESPONSES TO RHINOVIRUS EXPOSURE IN AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS ARE CORRELATED WITH KEY TRANSCRIPTIONAL PATHWAYS IN CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS. BACKGROUND: VIRUSES MAY DRIVE IMMUNE MECHANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS WITH NASAL POLYPOSIS (CRSWNP), BUT LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT THE UNDERLYING MOLECULAR MECHANISMS. OBJECTIVES: TO IDENTIFY EPIGENETIC AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL RESPONSES TO A COMMON UPPER RESPIRATORY PATHOGEN, RHINOVIRUS (RV), THAT ARE SPECIFIC TO PATIENTS WITH CRSWNP USING A PRIMARY SINONASAL EPITHELIAL CELL CULTURE MODEL. METHODS: AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS WERE COLLECTED AT SURGERY FROM PATIENTS WITH CRSWNP (CASES) AND FROM CONTROLS WITHOUT SINUS DISEASE, CULTURED, AND THEN EXPOSED TO RV OR VEHICLE FOR 48 H. DIFFERENTIAL GENE EXPRESSION AND DNA METHYLATION (DNAM) BETWEEN CASES AND CONTROLS IN RESPONSE TO RV WERE DETERMINED USING LINEAR MIXED MODELS. WEIGHTED GENE CO-EXPRESSION ANALYSIS (WGCNA) WAS USED TO IDENTIFY (A) CO-REGULATED GENE EXPRESSION AND DNAM SIGNATURES, AND (B) GENES, PATHWAYS, AND REGULATORY MECHANISMS SPECIFIC TO CRSWNP. RESULTS: WE IDENTIFIED 5585 DIFFERENTIAL TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND 261 DNAM RESPONSES (FDR <0.10) TO RV BETWEEN CRSWNP CASES AND CONTROLS. THESE DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSES FORMED THREE CO-EXPRESSION/CO-METHYLATION MODULES THAT WERE RELATED TO CRSWNP AND THREE THAT WERE RELATED TO RV (BONFERRONI CORRECTED P < .01). MOST (95%) OF THE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPGS (DMCS) WERE IN MODULES RELATED TO CRSWNP, WHEREAS THE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES (DEGS) WERE MORE EQUALLY DISTRIBUTED BETWEEN THE CRSWNP- AND RV-RELATED MODULES. GENES IN THE CRSWNP-RELATED MODULES WERE ENRICHED IN KNOWN CRS AND/OR VIRAL RESPONSE IMMUNE PATHWAYS. CONCLUSION: RV ACTIVATES SPECIFIC EPIGENETIC PROGRAMS AND CORRELATED TRANSCRIPTIONAL NETWORKS IN THE SINONASAL EPITHELIUM OF INDIVIDUALS WITH CRSWNP. THESE NOVEL OBSERVATIONS SUGGEST EPIGENETIC SIGNATURES SPECIFIC TO PATIENTS WITH CRSWNP MODULATE RESPONSE TO VIRAL PATHOGENS AT THE MUCOSAL ENVIRONMENTAL INTERFACE. DETERMINING HOW VIRAL RESPONSE PATHWAYS ARE INVOLVED IN EPITHELIAL INFLAMMATION IN CRSWNP COULD LEAD TO THERAPEUTIC TARGETS FOR THIS BURDENSOME AIRWAY DISORDER.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
5  5463  40 RESIDENTIAL PM(2.5) EXPOSURE AND THE NASAL METHYLOME IN CHILDREN. RATIONALE: PM(2.5-)INDUCED ADVERSE EFFECTS ON RESPIRATORY HEALTH MAY BE DRIVEN BY EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN AIRWAY CELLS. THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF EXPOSURE DURATION ON EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS IN THE AIRWAYS IS NOT YET KNOWN. OBJECTIVES: WE AIMED TO STUDY ASSOCIATIONS OF FINE PARTICULATE MATTER PM(2.5) EXPOSURE WITH DNA METHYLATION IN NASAL CELLS. METHODS: WE CONDUCTED NASAL EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION ANALYSES WITHIN 503 CHILDREN FROM PROJECT VIVA (MEAN AGE 12.9 Y), AND EXAMINED VARIOUS EXPOSURE DURATIONS (1-DAY, 1-WEEK, 1-MONTH, 3-MONTHS AND 1-YEAR) PRIOR TO NASAL SAMPLING. WE USED RESIDENTIAL ADDRESSES TO ESTIMATE AVERAGE DAILY PM(2.5) AT 1 KM RESOLUTION. WE COLLECTED NASAL SWABS FROM THE ANTERIOR NARES AND MEASURED DNA METHYLATION (DNAM) USING THE ILLUMINA METHYLATIONEPIC BEADCHIP. WE TESTED 719,075 HIGH QUALITY AUTOSOMAL CPGS USING CPG-BY-CPG AND REGIONAL DNAM ANALYSES CONTROLLING FOR MULTIPLE COMPARISONS, AND ADJUSTED FOR MATERNAL EDUCATION, HOUSEHOLD SMOKERS, CHILD SEX, RACE/ETHNICITY, BMI Z-SCORE, AGE, SEASON AT SAMPLE COLLECTION AND CELL-TYPE HETEROGENEITY. WE FURTHER CORRECTED FOR BIAS AND GENOMIC INFLATION. WE TESTED FOR REPLICATION IN A COHORT FROM THE NETHERLANDS (PIAMA). RESULTS: IN ADJUSTED ANALYSES, WE FOUND 362 CPGS ASSOCIATED WITH 1-YEAR PM(2.5) (FDR < 0.05), 20 CPGS PASSING BONFERRONI CORRECTION (P < 7.0X10(-8)) AND 10 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS (DMRS). IN 445 PIAMA PARTICIPANTS (MEAN AGE 16.3 YEARS) 11 OF 203 AVAILABLE CPGS REPLICATED AT P < 0.05. WE OBSERVED DIFFERENTIAL DNAM AT/NEAR GENES IMPLICATED IN CELL CYCLE, IMMUNE AND INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES. THERE WERE NO CPGS OR REGIONS ASSOCIATED WITH PM(2.5) LEVELS AT 1-DAY, 1-WEEK, OR 1-MONTH PRIOR TO SAMPLE COLLECTION, ALTHOUGH 2 CPGS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH PAST 3-MONTH PM(2.5). CONCLUSION: WE OBSERVED WIDE-SPREAD DNAM VARIABILITY ASSOCIATED WITH AVERAGE PAST YEAR PM(2.5) EXPOSURE BUT WE DID NOT DETECT ASSOCIATIONS WITH SHORTER-TERM EXPOSURE. OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT NASAL DNAM MARKS REFLECT CHRONIC AIR POLLUTION EXPOSURE.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
6  3056  47 GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION ANALYSIS IMPLICATES ENRICHMENT OF INTERFERON PATHWAY IN AFRICAN AMERICAN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS AND EUROPEAN AMERICANS WITH LUPUS NEPHRITIS. SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE) IS A CHRONIC, MULTISYSTEM, INFLAMMATORY AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE THAT DISPROPORTIONATELY AFFECTS WOMEN. TRENDS IN SLE PREVALENCE AND CLINICAL COURSE DIFFER BY ANCESTRY, WITH THOSE OF AFRICAN AMERICAN ANCESTRY PRESENTING WITH MORE ACTIVE, SEVERE AND RAPIDLY PROGRESSIVE DISEASE THAN EUROPEAN AMERICANS. PREVIOUS RESEARCH ESTABLISHED ALTERED EPIGENETIC SIGNATURES IN SLE PATIENTS COMPARED TO CONTROLS. HOWEVER, THE CONTRIBUTION OF ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION (DNAM) TO THE RISK OF SLE BY ANCESTRY AND DIFFERENCES AMONG PATIENTS WITH SLE-ASSOCIATED LUPUS NEPHRITIS (LN) HAS NOT BEEN WELL DESCRIBED. WE EVALUATED THE DNA METHYLOMES OF 87 INDIVIDUALS INCLUDING 41 SLE PATIENTS, WITH AND WITHOUT LN, AND 46 CONTROLS ENROLLED IN AN ANCESTRY DIVERSE, WELL-CHARACTERIZED COHORT STUDY OF ESTABLISHED SLE (41 SLE PATIENTS [20 SLE-LN+, 21 SLE-LN-] AND 46 SEX-, RACE- AND AGE-MATCHED CONTROLS; 55% AFRICAN AMERICAN, 45% EUROPEAN AMERICAN). PARTICIPANTS WERE GENOTYPED USING THE INFINIUM GLOBAL DIVERSITY ARRAY (GDA), AND GENETIC ANCESTRY WAS ESTIMATED USING PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS. GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION WAS INITIALLY MEASURED USING THE ILLUMINA METHYLATIONEPIC 850K BEADCHIP ARRAY FOLLOWED BY METHYLATION-SPECIFIC QPCR TO VALIDATE THE METHYLATION STATUS AT PUTATIVE LOCI. DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED POSITIONS (DMP) WERE IDENTIFIED USING A CASE-CONTROL APPROACH ADJUSTED FOR ANCESTRY. WE IDENTIFIED A TOTAL OF 51 DMPS IN CPGS AMONG SLE PATIENTS COMPARED TO CONTROLS. GENES PROXIMAL TO THESE CPGS WERE HIGHLY ENRICHED FOR INVOLVEMENT IN TYPE I INTERFERON SIGNALING. DMPS AMONG EUROPEAN AMERICAN SLE PATIENTS WITH LN WERE SIMILAR TO AFRICAN AMERICAN SLE PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT LN. OUR FINDINGS WERE VALIDATED USING AN ORTHOGONAL, METHYL-SPECIFIC PCR FOR THREE SLE-ASSOCIATED DMPS NEAR OR PROXIMAL TO MX1, USP18, AND IFITM1. OUR STUDY CONFIRMS PREVIOUS REPORTS THAT DMPS IN CPGS ASSOCIATED WITH SLE ARE ENRICHED IN TYPE I INTERFERON GENES. HOWEVER, WE SHOW THAT EUROPEAN AMERICAN SLE PATIENTS WITH LN HAVE SIMILAR DNAM PATTERNS TO AFRICAN AMERICAN SLE PATIENTS IRRESPECTIVE OF LN, SUGGESTING THAT ABERRANT DNAM ALTERS ACTIVITY OF TYPE I INTERFERON PATHWAY LEADING TO MORE SEVERE DISEASE INDEPENDENT OF ANCESTRY.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
7  3488  65 IDENTIFICATION OF DNA METHYLATION ASSOCIATED ENRICHMENT PATHWAYS IN ADULTS WITH NON-SPECIFIC CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN. CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN (CLBP) THAT CANNOT BE ATTRIBUTABLE TO A SPECIFIC PATHOANATOMICAL CHANGE IS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH PERSONAL AND SOCIETAL COSTS. STILL, THE UNDERLYING MECHANISM THAT CAUSES AND SUSTAINS SUCH A PHENOTYPE IS LARGELY UNKNOWN. EMERGING EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT EPIGENETIC CHANGES PLAY A ROLE IN CHRONIC PAIN CONDITIONS. USING REDUCED REPRESENTATION BISULFITE SEQUENCING (RRBS), WE EVALUATED DNA METHYLATION PROFILES OF ADULTS WITH NON-SPECIFIC CLBP (N = 50) AND PAIN-FREE CONTROLS (N = 48). WE IDENTIFIED 28,325 HYPERMETHYLATED AND 36,936 HYPOMETHYLATED CPG SITES (P < 0.05). AFTER CORRECTING FOR MULTIPLE TESTING, WE IDENTIFIED 159 DMRS (Q < 0.01AND METHYLATION DIFFERENCE > 10%), THE MAJORITY OF WHICH WERE LOCATED IN CPG ISLAND (50%) AND PROMOTER REGIONS (48%) ON THE ASSOCIATED GENES. THE GENES ASSOCIATED WITH THE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS WERE HIGHLY ENRICHED IN BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES THAT HAVE PREVIOUSLY BEEN IMPLICATED IN IMMUNE SIGNALING, ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION, AND G-PROTEIN COUPLED TRANSMISSIONS. OUR FINDINGS SUPPORT INFLAMMATORY ALTERATIONS AND THE ROLE OF BONE MATURATION IN CLBP. THIS STUDY SUGGESTS THAT EPIGENETIC REGULATION HAS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF NON-SPECIFIC CLBP AND A BASIS FOR FUTURE STUDIES IN BIOMARKER DEVELOPMENT AND TARGETED INTERVENTIONS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
8  3063  43 GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION AND LONG-TERM AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION EXPOSURE IN KOREAN ADULTS. BACKGROUND: AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION IS ASSOCIATED WITH NUMEROUS ADVERSE HEALTH OUTCOMES, BUT THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS ARE NOT WELL UNDERSTOOD; EPIGENETIC EFFECTS INCLUDING ALTERED DNA METHYLATION COULD PLAY A ROLE. TO EVALUATE ASSOCIATIONS OF LONG-TERM AIR POLLUTION EXPOSURE WITH DNA METHYLATION IN BLOOD, WE CONDUCTED AN EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY IN A KOREAN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE COHORT (N = 100 INCLUDING 60 CASES) USING ILLUMINA'S INFINIUM HUMANMETHYLATION450K BEADCHIP. ANNUAL AVERAGE CONCENTRATIONS OF PARTICULATE MATTER </= 10 MUM IN DIAMETER (PM(10)) AND NITROGEN DIOXIDE (NO(2)) WERE ESTIMATED AT PARTICIPANTS' RESIDENTIAL ADDRESSES USING EXPOSURE PREDICTION MODELS. WE USED ROBUST LINEAR REGRESSION TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED PROBES (DMPS) AND TWO DIFFERENT APPROACHES, DMRCATE AND COMB-P, TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS (DMRS). RESULTS: AFTER MULTIPLE TESTING CORRECTION (FALSE DISCOVERY RATE < 0.05), THERE WERE 12 DMPS AND 27 DMRS ASSOCIATED WITH PM(10) AND 45 DMPS AND 57 DMRS RELATED TO NO(2). DMP CG06992688 (OTUB2) AND SEVERAL DMRS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH BOTH EXPOSURES. ELEVEN DMPS IN RELATION TO NO(2) CONFIRMED PREVIOUS FINDINGS IN EUROPEANS; THE REMAINDER WERE NOVEL. METHYLATION LEVELS OF 39 DMPS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH EXPRESSION LEVELS OF NEARBY GENES IN A SEPARATE DATASET OF 3075 INDIVIDUALS. ENRICHED NETWORKS WERE RELATED TO OUTCOMES ASSOCIATED WITH AIR POLLUTION INCLUDING CARDIOVASCULAR AND RESPIRATORY DISEASES AS WELL AS INFLAMMATORY AND IMMUNE RESPONSES. CONCLUSIONS: THIS STUDY PROVIDES EVIDENCE THAT LONG-TERM AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION EXPOSURE IMPACTS DNA METHYLATION. THE DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION SIGNALS CAN SERVE AS POTENTIAL AIR POLLUTION BIOMARKERS. THESE RESULTS MAY HELP BETTER UNDERSTAND THE INFLUENCES OF AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION ON HUMAN HEALTH.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
9   972  52 CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE IS ASSOCIATED WITH EPIGENOME-WIDE DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION IN BAL LUNG CELLS. DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS IN CHRONIC PULMONARY OBSTRUCTIVE DISEASE (COPD) MIGHT OFFER NEW INSIGHTS INTO DISEASE PATHOGENESIS. TO ASSESS METHYLATION PROFILES IN THE MAIN COPD TARGET ORGAN, WE PERFORMED AN EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY ON BAL CELLS. BRONCHOSCOPIES WERE PERFORMED IN 18 SUBJECTS WITH COPD AND 15 CONTROL SUBJECTS (EX- AND CURRENT SMOKERS). DNA METHYLATION WAS MEASURED USING THE ILLUMINA METHYLATIONEPIC BEADCHIP KIT, COVERING MORE THAN 850,000 CPGS. DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED POSITIONS (DMPS) WERE EXAMINED FOR 1) ENRICHMENT IN PATHWAYS AND FUNCTIONAL GENE RELATIONSHIPS USING THE KYOTO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF GENES AND GENOMES AND GENE ONTOLOGY, 2) ACCELERATED AGING USING HORVATH'S EPIGENETIC CLOCK, 3) CORRELATION WITH GENE EXPRESSION, AND 4) COLOCALIZATION WITH GENETIC VARIATION. WE FOUND 1,155 BONFERRONI-SIGNIFICANT (P < 6.74 X 10(-8)) DMPS ASSOCIATED WITH COPD, MANY WITH LARGE EFFECT SIZES. FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS IDENTIFIED BIOLOGICALLY PLAUSIBLE PATHWAYS AND GENE RELATIONSHIPS, INCLUDING ENRICHMENT FOR TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR ACTIVITY. STRONG CORRELATION WAS FOUND BETWEEN DNA METHYLATION AND CHRONOLOGICAL AGE BUT NOT BETWEEN COPD AND ACCELERATED AGING. FOR 79 UNIQUE DMPS, DNA METHYLATION CORRELATED SIGNIFICANTLY WITH GENE EXPRESSION IN BAL CELLS. THIRTY-NINE PERCENT OF DMPS WERE COLOCALIZED WITH COPD-ASSOCIATED SNPS. TO THE BEST OF OUR KNOWLEDGE, THIS IS THE FIRST EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY OF COPD ON BAL CELLS, AND OUR ANALYSES REVEALED MANY DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION SITES. INTEGRATION WITH MRNA DATA SHOWED A STRONG FUNCTIONAL READOUT FOR RELEVANT GENES, IDENTIFYING SITES WHERE DNA METHYLATION MIGHT DIRECTLY AFFECT EXPRESSION. ALMOST HALF OF DMPS WERE COLOCATED WITH SNPS IDENTIFIED IN PREVIOUS GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES OF COPD, SUGGESTING JOINT GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC PATHWAYS RELATED TO DISEASE.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
10  2643  46 EPIGENOMIC ASSOCIATION ANALYSIS IDENTIFIES SMOKING-RELATED DNA METHYLATION SITES IN AFRICAN AMERICANS. CIGARETTE SMOKING IS AN ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTOR FOR MANY CHRONIC DISEASES, AND DISEASE RISK CAN OFTEN BE MANAGED BY SMOKING CONTROL. SMOKING CAN INDUCE CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR CHANGES, INCLUDING EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION, BUT THE SHORT- AND LONG-TERM EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS CAUSED BY CIGARETTE SMOKING AT THE GENE LEVEL HAVE NOT BEEN WELL UNDERSTOOD. RECENT STUDIES HAVE IDENTIFIED SMOKING-RELATED DNA METHYLATION (DNAM) SITES IN CAUCASIANS. TO DETERMINE WHETHER THE SAME DNAM SITES ASSOCIATE WITH SMOKING IN AFRICAN AMERICANS, AND TO IDENTIFY NOVEL SMOKING-RELATED DNAM SITES, WE CONDUCTED A METHYLOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY OF CIGARETTE SMOKING USING A DISCOVERY SAMPLE OF 972 AFRICAN AMERICANS, AND A REPLICATION SAMPLE OF 239 AFRICAN AMERICANS WITH TWO ARRAY-BASED METHODS. AMONG 15 DNAM SITES SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH SMOKING AFTER CORRECTION FOR MULTIPLE TESTING IN OUR DISCOVERY SAMPLE, 5 DNAM SITES ARE REPLICATED IN AN INDEPENDENT COHORT, AND 14 SITES IN THE REPLICATION SAMPLE HAVE EFFECTS IN THE SAME DIRECTION AS IN THE DISCOVERY SAMPLE. THE TOP TWO SMOKING-RELATED DNAM SITES IN F2RL3 (FACTOR II RECEPTOR-LIKE 3) AND GPR15 (G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR 15) OBSERVED IN AFRICAN AMERICANS ARE CONSISTENT WITH PREVIOUS FINDINGS IN CAUCASIANS. THE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN THE REPLICATED DNAM SITES AND SMOKING REMAIN SIGNIFICANT AFTER ADJUSTING FOR GENETIC BACKGROUND. DESPITE THE DISTINCT GENETIC BACKGROUND BETWEEN AFRICAN AMERICANS AND CAUCASIANS, THE DNAM FROM THE TWO ETHNIC GROUPS SHARES COMMON ASSOCIATIONS WITH CIGARETTE SMOKING, WHICH SUGGESTS A COMMON MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION INFLUENCED BY ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
11   502  54 ASSOCIATION OF ARSENIC EXPOSURE WITH WHOLE BLOOD DNA METHYLATION: AN EPIGENOME-WIDE STUDY OF BANGLADESHI ADULTS. BACKGROUND: ARSENIC EXPOSURE AFFECTS [FORMULA: SEE TEXT] PEOPLE WORLDWIDE, INCLUDING [FORMULA: SEE TEXT] IN BANGLADESH. ARSENIC EXPOSURE INCREASES THE RISK OF CANCER AND OTHER CHRONIC DISEASES, AND ONE POTENTIAL MECHANISM OF ARSENIC TOXICITY IS EPIGENETIC DYSREGULATION. OBJECTIVE: WE ASSESSED ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ARSENIC EXPOSURE AND GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION MEASURED AT BASELINE AMONG 396 BANGLADESHI ADULTS PARTICIPATING IN THE HEALTH EFFECTS OF ARSENIC LONGITUDINAL STUDY (HEALS) WHO WERE EXPOSED BY DRINKING NATURALLY CONTAMINATED WELL WATER. METHODS: METHYLATION IN WHOLE BLOOD DNA WAS MEASURED AT [FORMULA: SEE TEXT] USING THE ILLUMINA INFINIUMMETHYLATIONEPIC (EPIC) ARRAY. TO ASSESS ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ARSENIC EXPOSURE AND CPG METHYLATION, WE USED LINEAR REGRESSION MODELS ADJUSTED FOR COVARIATES AND SURROGATE VARIABLES (SVS) (CAPTURING UNKNOWN TECHNICAL AND BIOLOGIC FACTORS). WE ATTEMPTED REPLICATION AND CONDUCTED A META-ANALYSIS USING AN INDEPENDENT DATASET OF [FORMULA: SEE TEXT] FROM 400 BANGLADESHI INDIVIDUALS WITH ARSENICAL SKIN LESIONS. RESULTS: WE IDENTIFIED 34 CPGS ASSOCIATED WITH [FORMULA: SEE TEXT] CREATININE-ADJUSTED URINARY ARSENIC [[FORMULA: SEE TEXT]]. SIXTEEN OF THESE CPGS ANNOTATED TO THE [FORMULA: SEE TEXT] ARRAY, AND 10 ASSOCIATIONS WERE REPLICATED ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]). THE TOP TWO CPGS ANNOTATED UPSTREAM OF THE ABR GENE (CG01912040, CG10003262 ). ALL URINARY ARSENIC-ASSOCIATED CPGS WERE ALSO ASSOCIATED WITH ARSENIC CONCENTRATION MEASURED IN DRINKING WATER ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]). META-ANALYSIS ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT] SAMPLES) IDENTIFIED 221 URINARY ARSENIC-ASSOCIATED CPGS ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]). THE ARSENIC-ASSOCIATED CPGS FROM THE META-ANALYSIS WERE ENRICHED IN NON-CPG ISLANDS AND SHORES ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]) AND DEPLETED IN PROMOTER REGIONS ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]). AMONG THE ARSENIC-ASSOCIATED CPGS ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]), WE OBSERVED SIGNIFICANT ENRICHMENT OF GENES ANNOTATING TO THE REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES PATHWAY, INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE, AND TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR [FORMULA: SEE TEXT] ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]) SIGNALING VIA NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPA-B ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]) HALLMARKS ([FORMULA: SEE TEXT]). CONCLUSIONS: THE NOVEL AND REPLICABLE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ARSENIC EXPOSURE AND DNA METHYLATION AT SPECIFIC CPGS OBSERVED IN THIS WORK SUGGEST THAT EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS SHOULD BE FURTHER INVESTIGATED AS POTENTIAL MEDIATORS IN ARSENIC TOXICITY AND AS BIOMARKERS OF EXPOSURE AND EFFECT IN EXPOSED POPULATIONS. HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.1289/EHP3849.	2019	
                                                                                                                                         
12  3557  41 IMPACT OF BMI AND WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE ON EPIGENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF EPIGENETIC BIOMARKERS IN BLOOD: AN EWAS IN MULTI-ETHNIC ASIAN INDIVIDUALS. BACKGROUND: THE PREVALENCE OF OBESITY AND ITS RELATED CHRONIC DISEASES HAVE BEEN INCREASING ESPECIALLY IN ASIAN COUNTRIES. OBESITY-RELATED GENETIC VARIANTS HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED, BUT THESE EXPLAIN LITTLE OF THE VARIATION IN BMI. RECENT STUDIES REPORTED ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN DNA METHYLATION AND OBESITY, MOSTLY IN NON-ASIAN POPULATIONS. METHODS: WE PERFORMED AN EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY (EWAS) ON GENERAL ADIPOSITY (BODY MASS INDEX, BMI) AND ABDOMINAL ADIPOSITY (WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE, WC) IN 409 MULTI-ETHNIC ASIAN INDIVIDUALS AND REPLICATED BMI AND WAIST-ASSOCIATED DNA METHYLATION CPGS IDENTIFIED IN OTHER POPULATIONS. THE CROSS-LAGGED PANEL MODEL AND MENDELIAN RANDOMIZATION WERE USED TO ASSESS THE TEMPORAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN METHYLATION AND BMI. THE TEMPORAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE IDENTIFIED CPGS AND INFLAMMATION AND METABOLIC MARKERS WAS ALSO EXAMINED. RESULTS: EWAS IDENTIFIED 116 DNA METHYLATION CPGS INDEPENDENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH BMI AND EIGHT INDEPENDENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH WC AT FALSE DISCOVERY RATE P(FDR) < 0.05 IN 409 ASIAN SAMPLES. WE REPLICATED 110 BMI-ASSOCIATED CPGS PREVIOUSLY REPORTED IN EUROPEANS AND IDENTIFIED SIX NOVEL BMI-ASSOCIATED CPGS AND TWO NOVEL WC-ASSOCIATED CPGS. WE OBSERVED HIGH CONSISTENCY IN ASSOCIATION DIRECTION OF EFFECT COMPARED TO STUDIES IN OTHER POPULATIONS. CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP ANALYSES INDICATED THAT BMI WAS MORE LIKELY TO BE THE CAUSE OF DNA METHYLATION ALTERATION, RATHER THAN THE CONSEQUENCE. THE CAUSAL ANALYSES USING BMI-ASSOCIATED METHYLATION RISK SCORE ALSO SUGGESTED THAT HIGHER LEVELS OF THE INFLAMMATION MARKER IL-6 WERE LIKELY THE CONSEQUENCE OF METHYLATION CHANGE. CONCLUSION: OUR STUDY PROVIDES EVIDENCE OF AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN OBESITY AND DNA METHYLATION IN MULTI-ETHNIC ASIANS AND SUGGESTS THAT OBESITY CAN DRIVE METHYLATION CHANGE. THE RESULTS ALSO SUGGESTED POSSIBLE CAUSAL INFLUENCE THAT OBESITY-RELATED METHYLATION CHANGES MIGHT HAVE ON INFLAMMATION AND LIPOPROTEIN LEVELS.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
13  3075  54 GENOME-WIDE EPIGENETIC STUDY OF CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS TISSUES REVEALS DYSREGULATED INFLAMMATORY, IMMUNOLOGIC AND REMODELING PATHWAYS. BACKGROUND: EPIGENETICS STUDIES MECHANISMS SUCH AS DNA METHYLATION, HISTONE MODIFICATIONS, NON-CODING RNAS, AND ALTERNATIVE POLYADENYLATION THAT CAN MODIFY GENE ACTIVITY WITHOUT CHANGING THE UNDERLYING DNA NUCLEOTIDE BASE-PAIR STRUCTURE. BECAUSE THESE CHANGES ARE REVERSIBLE, THEY HAVE POTENTIAL IN DEVELOPING NOVEL THERAPEUTICS. CURRENTLY, SEVEN PHARMACEUTICAL AGENTS TARGETING EPIGENETIC CHANGES ARE FDA APPROVED AND COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE FOR TREATMENT OF CERTAIN CANCERS. HOWEVER, STUDIES INVESTIGATING EPIGENETICS IN CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS (CRS) HAVE NOT BEEN UNDERTAKEN PREVIOUSLY IN THE UNITED STATES. OBJECTIVES: THE GOAL OF THIS STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE SINONASAL DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS IN CRS VERSUS CONTROLS, TO DISCERN ENVIRONMENTALLY-INDUCED EPIGENETIC CHANGES IMPACTING CRS SUBJECTS. METHODS AND RESULTS: ETHMOIDAL SAMPLES FROM CRS AND INFERIOR TURBINATE MUCOSAL TISSUE SAMPLES FROM CONTROLS WITHOUT CRS WERE STUDIED. DNA METHYLATION WAS STUDIED BY REDUCED REPRESENTATION BISULFITE SEQUENCING. RADMETH(R) BIOSTATISTICAL PACKAGE WAS USED TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS (DMRS) BETWEEN CRS AND CONTROLS. INGENUITY PATHWAY ANALYSIS OF DMRS WAS PERFORMED TO IDENTIFY TOP UPSTREAM REGULATORS AND CANONICAL PATHWAYS. NINETY-THREE SAMPLES FROM 64 CRS SUBJECTS (36 CRSWNP; 28 CRSSNP) AND 29 CONTROLS WERE STUDIED. CRS AND CONTROL SAMPLES DIFFERED IN 13 662 CPGS SITES AND 1381 DMRS. TOP UPSTREAM REGULATORS IDENTIFIED INCLUDED: 1. CRS VERSUS CONTROLS: TGFB1, TNF, TP53, DGCR8, AND BETA-ESTRADIOL. 2. CRSWNP VERSUS CONTROLS: TGFB1, CTNNB1, LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE, ID2, AND TCF7L2. 3. CRSSNP VERSUS CONTROLS: MYOD1, ACETONE, ID2, ST8SIA4, AND LEPR. CONCLUSIONS: DIFFERENTIAL PATTERNS OF METHYLATION WERE IDENTIFIED BETWEEN CONTROLS AND CRS, CRSWNP, AND CRSSNP. EPIGENETIC, ENVIRONMENTALLY-INDUCED CHANGES RELATED TO NOVEL, INFLAMMATORY, IMMUNOLOGIC, AND REMODELING PATHWAYS APPEAR TO AFFECT EPITHELIAL INTEGRITY, CELL PROLIFERATION, HOMEOSTASIS, VASCULAR PERMEABILITY, AND OTHER YET UNCHARACTERIZED PATHWAYS AND GENES.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
14  3501  49 IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS FOR SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS BY INTEGRATED ANALYSIS OF GENE EXPRESSION AND METHYLATION DATA. INTRODUCTION: SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE) IS A HETEROGENEOUS AND CHRONIC AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE. ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION OCCURS DURING VARIOUS PROCESSES OF SLE DEVELOPMENT REGULATING THE MRNA EXPRESSION OF INTERRELATED GENES. THIS STUDY AIMS TO SCREEN POTENTIAL DNA METHYLATION MARKERS FOR SLE. METHODS: GENE EXPRESSION AND METHYLATION DATASETS WERE DOWNLOADED FROM THE GENE EXPRESSION OMNIBUS (GEO) DATABASE. DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES (DEGS) BETWEEN SLE PATIENTS AND HEALTHY CONTROLS WERE SCREENED USING THE LIMMA R PACKAGE, AND DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED POSITIONS (DMPS) AND REGIONS (DMRS) WERE IDENTIFIED USING DMPFINDER AND BUMPHUNTER (MINFI). ADDITIONALLY, THE DNA METHYLATION MARKERS TO DISTINGUISH SLE PATIENTS FROM HEALTHY CONTROLS WERE EXPLORED THROUGH RECEIVER OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC (ROC) CURVES AND LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSES. FINALLY, WE VALIDATED THE RESULTS OF THE BIOINFORMATIC ANALYSIS BY PYROSEQUENCING. RESULTS: IN TOTAL, 91 DEGS, 90,092 DMPS, 15 DMRS, AND 13 DMR-ASSOCIATED GENES WERE IDENTIFIED. THROUGH THE INTEGRATIVE ANALYSIS OF DEG- AND DMR-ASSOCIATED GENES, WE IDENTIFIED FIVE TYPE I INTERFERON (IFN)-RELATED GENES AS KEY EPIGENETIC-DRIVEN GENES IN SLE. GO ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT THE FIVE SLE-ASSOCIATED EPIGENETIC-DRIVEN GENES WERE MAINLY ENRICHED IN THE TYPE I IFN SIGNALING PATHWAY INVOLVED IN IMMUNE RESPONSE AND DEFENSE RESPONSE TO VIRUS. MOREOVER, WE IDENTIFIED TWO SLE-SPECIFIC DNA METHYLATION MARKERS, THREE SLE WITHOUT LUPUS NEPHRITIS (SLE-LN(-))-SPECIFIC DNA METHYLATION MARKERS, AND TWO SLE WITH LUPUS NEPHRITIS (SLE-LN(+))-SPECIFIC DNA METHYLATION MARKERS BY STEPWISE LOGISTIC REGRESSION. CONCLUSIONS: OVERALL, OUR STUDY DEMONSTRATES POTENTIAL DNA METHYLATION MARKERS OF SLE, SLE-LN(-), AND SLE-LN(+), WHICH MAY HELP THE DIAGNOSIS, BOOST THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW EPIGENETIC THERAPY, AND CONTRIBUTE TO INDIVIDUALIZED TREATMENT. KEY POINTS * THIS STUDY IDENTIFIED FIVE TYPE I IFN-RELATED GENES AS KEY EPIGENETIC-DRIVEN GENES IN SLE, WHICH SUPPORT THE IMPORTANCE OF THE TYPE I IFN PATHWAY IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF SLE * WE IDENTIFIED NOVEL DNA METHYLATION BIOMARKERS IN SLE, SLE-LN-, AND SLE-LN+ BY A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOINFORMATICS METHODS AND EXECUTED EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION, AND BINARY LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT THEY HAVE EXCELLENT POTENTIAL * THESE RESULTS MAY PROVIDE NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF SLE, AND IDENTIFY RELIABLE BIOMARKERS FOR SLE, SLE-LN-, AND SLE-LN+, WHICH MAY CONTRIBUTE TO DIAGNOSIS AND INDIVIDUALIZED TREATMENT.	2023	
                                                                          
15  1696  48 DYNAMIC DNA METHYLATION CHANGES IN EARLY VERSUS LATE ADULTHOOD SUGGEST NONDETERMINISTIC EFFECTS OF CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY: A META-ANALYSIS. ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES (ACES) ARE ASSOCIATED WITH A HIGH RISK OF DEVELOPING CHRONIC DISEASES AND DECREASED LIFE EXPECTANCY, BUT NO ACE EPIGENETIC BIOMARKERS HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED UNTIL NOW. THE LATTER MAY RESULT FROM THE INTERACTION OF MULTIPLE FACTORS SUCH AS AGE, SEX, DEGREE OF ADVERSITY, AND LACK OF TRANSCRIPTIONAL EFFECTS OF DNA METHYLATION CHANGES. WE HYPOTHESIZE THAT DNA METHYLATION CHANGES ARE RELATED TO CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY LEVELS AND CURRENT AGE, AND THESE MARKERS EVOLVE AS AGING PROCEEDS. TWO GENE EXPRESSION OMNIBUS DATASETS, REGARDING ACE, WERE SELECTED (GSE72680 AND GSE70603), CONSIDERING RAW- AND META-DATA AVAILABILITY, INCLUDING VALIDATED ACE INDEX (CHILDHOOD TRAUMA QUESTIONNAIRE (CTQ) SCORE). FOR DNA METHYLATION, ANALYZED PROBES WERE RESTRICTED TO THOSE LAYING WITHIN PROMOTERS AND FIRST EXONS, AND SAMPLES WERE GROUPED BY CTQ SCORES TERCILES, TO COMPARE HIGHLY (ACE) WITH NON-ABUSED (CONTROL) CASES. COMPARISON OF CONTROL AND ACE METHYLOME PROFILE DID NOT RETRIEVE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPG SITES (DMCS) AFTER CORRECTING BY FALSE DISCOVERY RATE < 0.05, AND THIS WAS ALSO OBSERVED WHEN SAMPLES WERE SEPARATED BY SEX. IN CONTRAST, GROUPING BY DECADE AGE RANGES (I.E., THE 20S, 30S, 40S, AND 50S) SHOWED A PROGRESSIVE INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF DMCS AND THE INTENSITY OF CHANGES, MAINLY RELATED WITH HYPOMETHYLATION. COMPARISON WITH TRANSCRIPTOME DATA FOR ACE SUBJECTS IN THE 40S, AND 50S SHOWED A SIMILAR AGE-DEPENDENT EFFECT. THIS STUDY PROVIDES EVIDENCE THAT EPIGENETIC MARKERS OF ACE ARE AGE-DEPENDENT, BUT NOT DEFINED IN THE LONG TERM. THESE DIFFERENCES AMONG EARLY, MIDDLE, AND LATE ADULTHOOD EPIGENOMIC PROFILES SUGGEST A WINDOW FOR INTERVENTIONS AIMED TO PREVENT THE DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS OF ACE.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
16   308  37 ALCOHOL AND DNA METHYLATION: AN EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY IN BLOOD AND NORMAL BREAST TISSUE. THE BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS DRIVING ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AND CHRONIC DISEASES MIGHT INCLUDE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OF DNA METHYLATION. WE EXPLORED THE HYPOTHESIS THAT ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION IS ASSOCIATED WITH METHYLATION IN AN EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY OF BLOOD AND NORMAL BREAST TISSUE DNA. INFINIUM HUMANMETHYLATION450 BEADCHIP (ILLUMINA INC., SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA) ARRAY DATA ON BLOOD DNA METHYLATION WAS EXAMINED IN A DISCOVERY SET OF 2,878 NON-HISPANIC WHITE WOMEN FROM THE SISTER STUDY (UNITED STATES, 2004-2015) WHO PROVIDED DETAILED QUESTIONNAIRE INFORMATION ON LIFETIME ALCOHOL USE. ROBUST LINEAR REGRESSION MODELING WAS USED TO IDENTIFY SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATIONS (FALSE DISCOVERY RATE OF Q < 0.05) BETWEEN THE NUMBER OF ALCOHOLIC DRINKS PER WEEK AND DNA METHYLATION AT 5,458 CYTOSINE-PHOSPHATE-GUANINE (CPG) SITES. ASSOCIATIONS WERE REPLICATED (P < 0.05) FOR 677 CPGS IN AN INDEPENDENT SET OF 187 BLOOD DNA SAMPLES FROM THE SISTER STUDY AND FOR 628 CPGS IN AN INDEPENDENT SET OF 171 NORMAL BREAST DNA SAMPLES; 1,207 CPGS WERE REPLICATED IN EITHER BLOOD OR NORMAL BREAST, WITH 98 CPGS REPLICATED IN BOTH TISSUES. INDIVIDUAL GENE EFFECTS WERE NOTABLE FOR PHOSPHOGLYCERATE DEHYDROGENASE (PGHDH), PEPTIDYL-PROLYL CIS-TRANS ISOMERASE (PPIF), SOLUTE CARRIER 15 (SLC15), SOLUTE CARRIER FAMILY 43 MEMBER 1 (SLC43A1), AND SOLUTE CARRIER FAMILY 7 MEMBER 11 (SLC7A11). WE ALSO FOUND THAT HIGH ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION WAS ASSOCIATED WITH SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER GLOBAL METHYLATION AS MEASURED BY THE AVERAGE OF CPGS ON THE ENTIRE ARRAY.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
17   277  51 AGE-RELATED EPIGENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION AND HYDROXYMETHYLATION IN LONGITUDINAL MOUSE BLOOD. DNA METHYLATION AT CYTOSINE-PHOSPHATE-GUANINE (CPG) DINUCLEOTIDES CHANGES AS A FUNCTION OF AGE IN HUMANS AND ANIMAL MODELS, A PROCESS THAT MAY CONTRIBUTE TO CHRONIC DISEASE DEVELOPMENT. RECENT STUDIES HAVE INVESTIGATED THE ROLE OF AN OXIDIZED FORM OF DNA METHYLATION - 5-HYDROXYMETHYLCYTOSINE (5HMC) - IN THE EPIGENOME, BUT ITS CONTRIBUTION TO AGE-RELATED DNA METHYLATION REMAINS UNCLEAR. WE TESTED THE HYPOTHESIS THAT 5HMC CHANGES WITH AGE, BUT IN A DIRECTION OPPOSITE TO 5-METHYLCYTOSINE (5MC), POTENTIALLY PLAYING A DISTINCT ROLE IN AGING. TO CHARACTERIZE EPIGENETIC AGING, GENOME-WIDE 5MC AND 5HMC WERE MEASURED IN LONGITUDINAL BLOOD SAMPLES (2, 4, AND 10 MONTHS OF AGE) FROM ISOGENIC MICE USING TWO SEQUENCING METHODS - ENHANCED REDUCED REPRESENTATION BISULFITE SEQUENCING AND HYDROXYMETHYLATED DNA IMMUNOPRECIPITATION SEQUENCING. EXAMINING THE EPIGENOME BY AGE, WE IDENTIFIED 28,196 UNIQUE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPGS (DMCS) AND 8,613 DIFFERENTIALLY HYDROXYMETHYLATED REGIONS (DHMRS). MOUSE BLOOD SHOWED A GENERAL PATTERN OF EPIGENOME-WIDE HYPERMETHYLATION AND HYPO-HYDROXYMETHYLATION WITH AGE. COMPARING AGE-RELATED DMCS AND DHMRS, 1,854 ANNOTATED GENES SHOWED BOTH DIFFERENTIAL 5MC AND 5HMC, INCLUDING ONE GENE - NFIC - AT FIVE CPGS IN THE SAME 250 BP CHROMOSOMAL REGION. AT THIS REGION, 5MC AND 5HMC LEVELS BOTH DECREASED WITH AGE. REFLECTING THESE AGE-RELATED EPIGENETIC CHANGES, NFIC RNA EXPRESSION IN BLOOD DECREASED WITH AGE, SUGGESTING THAT AGE-RELATED REGULATION OF THIS GENE MAY BE DRIVEN BY 5HMC, NOT CANONICAL DNA METHYLATION. COMBINED, OUR GENOME-WIDE RESULTS SHOW AGE-RELATED DIFFERENTIAL 5MC AND 5HMC, AS WELL AS SOME EVIDENCE THAT CHANGES IN 5HMC MAY DRIVE AGE-RELATED DNA METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
18  1586  54 DNA METHYLATION PROFILING IDENTIFIES EPIGENETIC DIFFERENCES BETWEEN EARLY VERSUS LATE STAGES OF DIABETIC CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE. BACKGROUND: WE INVESTIGATED A CROSS-SECTIONAL EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY OF PATIENTS WITH EARLY AND LATE DIABETES-ASSOCIATED CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD) TO IDENTIFY POSSIBLE EPIGENETIC DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE TWO GROUPS AS WELL AS CHANGES IN METHYLATION ACROSS ALL STAGES OF DIABETIC CKD. WE ALSO EVALUATED THE POTENTIAL OF USING A PANEL OF IDENTIFIED 5'-C-PHOSPHATE-G-3' (CPG) SITES FROM THIS COHORT TO PREDICT THE PROGRESSION OF DIABETIC CKD. METHODS: THIS CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY RECRUITED 119 ADULTS. DNA WAS EXTRACTED FROM BLOOD USING THE QIAGEN QIAAMPDNA MINI SPIN KIT. GENOME-WIDE METHYLATION ANALYSIS WAS PERFORMED USING ILLUMINA INFINIUM METHYLATIONEPIC BEADCHIPS (HM850K). INTENSITY DATA FILES WERE PROCESSED AND ANALYSED USING THE MINFI AND MISSMETHYL PACKAGES FOR R. WE EXAMINED THE DEGREE OF METHYLATION OF CPG SITES IN EARLY VERSUS LATE DIABETIC CKD PATIENTS FOR CPG SITES WITH AN UNADJUSTED P-VALUE <0.01 AND AN ABSOLUTE CHANGE IN METHYLATION OF 5% (N = 239 CPG SITES). RESULTS: HIERARCHICAL CLUSTERING OF THE 239 CPG SITES LARGELY SEPARATED THE TWO GROUPS. A HEAT MAP FOR ALL 239 CPG SITES DEMONSTRATED DISTINCT METHYLATION PATTERNS IN THE EARLY VERSUS LATE GROUPS, WITH CPG SITES SHOWING EVIDENCE OF PROGRESSIVE CHANGE. BASED ON OUR DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGION (DMR) ANALYSIS OF THE 239 CPG SITES, WE HIGHLIGHTED TWO DMRS, NAMELY THE CYSTEINE-RICH SECRETORY PROTEIN 2 (CRISP2) AND PIWI-LIKE RNA-MEDIATED GENE SILENCING 1 (PIWIL1) GENES. THE BEST PREDICTABILITY FOR THE TWO GROUPS INVOLVED A RECEIVER OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS CURVE OF EIGHT CPG SITES ALONE AND ACHIEVED AN AREA UNDER THE CURVE OF 0.976. CONCLUSIONS: WE HAVE IDENTIFIED DISTINCT DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS BETWEEN EARLY AND LATE DIABETIC CKD PATIENTS AS WELL AS DEMONSTRATED NOVEL FINDINGS OF POTENTIAL PROGRESSIVE METHYLATION CHANGES ACROSS ALL STAGES (1-5) OF DIABETIC CKD AT SPECIFIC CPG SITES. WE HAVE ALSO IDENTIFIED ASSOCIATED GENES CRISP2 AND PIWIL1, WHICH MAY HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO ACT AS STAGE-SPECIFIC DIABETES-ASSOCIATED CKD MARKERS, AND SHOWED THAT THE USE OF A PANEL OF EIGHT IDENTIFIED CPG SITES ALONE HELPS TO INCREASE THE PREDICTABILITY FOR THE TWO GROUPS.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
19   812  59 CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION PROFILES OF MYALGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS/CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME PATIENTS REFLECT SYSTEMIC DYSFUNCTIONS. BACKGROUND: MYALGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS/CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME (ME/CFS) IS A LIFELONG DEBILITATING DISEASE WITH A COMPLEX PATHOLOGY NOT YET CLEARLY DEFINED. SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ME/CFS INVOLVES GENETIC PREDISPOSITION AND EXPOSURE TO ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, SUGGESTING AN EPIGENETIC ASSOCIATION. EPIGENETIC STUDIES WITH OTHER ME/CFS COHORTS HAVE USED ARRAY-BASED TECHNOLOGY TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED INDIVIDUAL SITES. CHANGES IN RNA QUANTITIES AND PROTEIN ABUNDANCE HAVE BEEN DOCUMENTED IN OUR PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS WITH THE SAME ME/CFS COHORT USED FOR THIS STUDY. RESULTS: DNA FROM A WELL-CHARACTERISED NEW ZEALAND COHORT OF 10 ME/CFS PATIENTS AND 10 AGE-/SEX-MATCHED HEALTHY CONTROLS WAS ISOLATED FROM PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR (PBMC) CELLS, AND USED TO GENERATE REDUCED GENOME-SCALE DNA METHYLATION MAPS USING REDUCED REPRESENTATION BISULPHITE SEQUENCING (RRBS). THE SEQUENCING DATA WERE ANALYSED UTILISING THE DMAP ANALYSIS PIPELINE TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED FRAGMENTS, AND THE METHYLKIT PIPELINE WAS USED TO QUANTIFY METHYLATION DIFFERENCES AT INDIVIDUAL CPG SITES. DMAP IDENTIFIED 76 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED FRAGMENTS AND METHYLKIT IDENTIFIED 394 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CYTOSINES THAT INCLUDED BOTH HYPER- AND HYPO-METHYLATION. FOUR CLUSTERS WERE IDENTIFIED WHERE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED DNA FRAGMENTS OVERLAPPED WITH OR WERE WITHIN CLOSE PROXIMITY TO MULTIPLE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED INDIVIDUAL CYTOSINES. THESE CLUSTERS IDENTIFIED REGULATORY REGIONS FOR 17 PROTEIN ENCODING GENES RELATED TO METABOLIC AND IMMUNE ACTIVITY. ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED GENE BODIES (EXONS/INTRONS) IDENTIFIED 122 UNIQUE GENES. COMPARISON WITH OTHER STUDIES ON PBMCS FROM ME/CFS PATIENTS AND CONTROLS WITH ARRAY TECHNOLOGY SHOWED 59% OF THE GENES IDENTIFIED IN THIS STUDY WERE ALSO FOUND IN ONE OR MORE OF THESE STUDIES. FUNCTIONAL PATHWAY ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS IDENTIFIED 30 ASSOCIATED PATHWAYS. THESE INCLUDED IMMUNE, METABOLIC AND NEUROLOGICAL-RELATED FUNCTIONS DIFFERENTIALLY REGULATED IN ME/CFS PATIENTS COMPARED TO THE MATCHED HEALTHY CONTROLS. CONCLUSIONS: MAJOR DIFFERENCES WERE IDENTIFIED IN THE DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS OF ME/CFS PATIENTS THAT CLEARLY DISTINGUISHED THEM FROM THE HEALTHY CONTROLS. OVER HALF FOUND IN GENE BODIES WITH RRBS IN THIS STUDY HAD BEEN IDENTIFIED IN OTHER ME/CFS STUDIES USING THE SAME CELLS BUT WITH ARRAY TECHNOLOGY. WITHIN THE ENRICHED FUNCTIONAL IMMUNE, METABOLIC AND NEUROLOGICAL PATHWAYS, A NUMBER OF ENRICHED NEUROTRANSMITTER AND NEUROPEPTIDE REACTOME PATHWAYS HIGHLIGHTED A DISTURBED NEUROLOGICAL PATHOPHYSIOLOGY WITHIN THE PATIENT GROUP.	2020	

20   382  50 AN EPIGENOME-WIDE STUDY OF BODY MASS INDEX AND DNA METHYLATION IN BLOOD USING PARTICIPANTS FROM THE SISTER STUDY COHORT. BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OBESITY AND CHRONIC DISEASE RISK IS WELL-ESTABLISHED; THE UNDERLYING BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS DRIVING THIS RISK INCREASE MAY INCLUDE OBESITY-RELATED EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS. TO EXPLORE THIS HYPOTHESIS, WE CONDUCTED A GENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS OF DNA METHYLATION AND BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) USING DATA FROM A SUBSET OF WOMEN IN THE SISTER STUDY. SUBJECTS/METHODS: THE SISTER STUDY IS A COHORT OF 50 884 US WOMEN WHO HAD A SISTER WITH BREAST CANCER BUT WERE FREE OF BREAST CANCER THEMSELVES AT ENROLLMENT. STUDY PARTICIPANTS COMPLETED EXAMINATIONS WHICH INCLUDED MEASUREMENTS OF HEIGHT AND WEIGHT, AND PROVIDED BLOOD SAMPLES. BLOOD DNA METHYLATION DATA GENERATED WITH THE ILLUMINA INFINIUM HUMANMETHYLATION27 BEADCHIP ARRAY COVERING 27,589 CPG SITES WAS AVAILABLE FOR 871 WOMEN FROM A PRIOR STUDY OF BREAST CANCER AND DNA METHYLATION. TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPG SITES ASSOCIATED WITH BMI, WE ANALYZED THIS METHYLATION DATA USING ROBUST LINEAR REGRESSION WITH ADJUSTMENT FOR AGE AND CASE STATUS. FOR THOSE CPGS PASSING THE FALSE DISCOVERY RATE SIGNIFICANCE LEVEL, WE EXAMINED THE ASSOCIATION IN A REPLICATION SET COMPRISED OF A NON-OVERLAPPING GROUP OF 187 WOMEN FROM THE SISTER STUDY WHO HAD DNA METHYLATION DATA GENERATED USING THE INFINIUM HUMANMETHYLATION450 BEADCHIP ARRAY. ANALYSIS OF THIS EXPANDED 450 K ARRAY IDENTIFIED ADDITIONAL BMI-ASSOCIATED SITES WHICH WERE INVESTIGATED WITH TARGETED PYROSEQUENCING. RESULTS: FOUR CPG SITES REACHED GENOME-WIDE SIGNIFICANCE (FALSE DISCOVERY RATE (FDR) Q<0.05) IN THE DISCOVERY SET AND ASSOCIATIONS FOR ALL FOUR WERE SIGNIFICANT AT STRICT BONFERRONI CORRECTION IN THE REPLICATION SET. AN ADDITIONAL 23 SITES PASSED FDR IN THE REPLICATION SET AND FIVE WERE REPLICATED BY PYROSEQUENCING IN THE DISCOVERY SET. SEVERAL OF THE GENES IDENTIFIED INCLUDING ANGPT4, RORC, SOCS3, FSD2, XYLT1, ABCG1, STK39, ASB2 AND CRHR2 HAVE BEEN LINKED TO OBESITY AND OBESITY-RELATED CHRONIC DISEASES. CONCLUSIONS: OUR FINDINGS SUPPORT THE HYPOTHESIS THAT OBESITY-RELATED EPIGENETIC DIFFERENCES ARE DETECTABLE IN BLOOD AND MAY BE RELATED TO RISK OF CHRONIC DISEASE.	2017