1 1957 145 EPIGENETIC AGE PREDICTORS IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING ADULTS WITH HIGH IMPACT KNEE PAIN. GERONTOLOGICAL RESEARCH REVEALS CONSIDERABLE INTERINDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY IN AGING PHENOTYPES, AND EMERGING EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT HIGH IMPACT CHRONIC PAIN MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH VARIOUS ACCELERATED BIOLOGICAL AGING PROCESSES. IN PARTICULAR, EPIGENETIC AGING IS A ROBUST PREDICTOR OF HEALTH-SPAN AND DISABILITY COMPARED TO CHRONOLOGICAL AGE ALONE. THE CURRENT STUDY AIMED TO DETERMINE WHETHER SEVERAL EPIGENETIC AGING BIOMARKERS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH IMPACT CHRONIC PAIN IN MIDDLE TO OLDER AGE ADULTS (44-78 YEARS OLD). PARTICIPANTS (N = 213) UNDERWENT A BLOOD DRAW, DEMOGRAPHIC, PSYCHOSOCIAL, PAIN AND FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENTS. WE ESTIMATED FIVE EPIGENETIC CLOCKS AND CALCULATED THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN EPIGENETIC AGE AND CHRONOLOGICAL AGE, WHICH HAS BEEN PREVIOUSLY REPORTED TO PREDICT OVERALL MORTALITY RISK, AS WELL AS INCLUDED ADDITIONAL DERIVED VARIABLES OF EPIGENETIC AGE PREVIOUSLY ASSOCIATED WITH PAIN. THERE WERE SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES ACROSS PAIN IMPACT GROUPS IN THREE OUT OF THE FIVE EPIGENETIC CLOCKS EXAMINED (DNAMAGE, DNAMPHENOAGE AND DNAMGRIMAGE), INDICATING THAT PAIN-RELATED DISABILITY DURING THE PAST 6 MONTHS WAS ASSOCIATED WITH MARKERS OF EPIGENETIC AGING. ONLY DNAMPHENOAGE AND DNAMGRIMAGE WERE ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER KNEE PAIN INTENSITY DURING THE PAST 48 H. FINALLY, PAIN CATASTROPHIZING, DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMATOLOGY AND MORE NEUROPATHIC PAIN SYMPTOMS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH AN OLDER EPIGENOME IN ONLY ONE OF THE FIVE EPIGENETIC CLOCKS (I.E. DNAMGRIMAGE) AFTER CORRECTING FOR MULTIPLE COMPARISONS (CORRECTED P'S < 0.05). GIVEN THE SCANT LITERATURE IN RELATION TO EPIGENETIC AGING AND THE COMPLEX EXPERIENCE OF PAIN, ADDITIONAL RESEARCH IS NEEDED TO UNDERSTAND WHETHER EPIGENETIC AGING MAY HELP IDENTIFY PEOPLE WITH CHRONIC PAIN AT GREATER RISK OF FUNCTIONAL DECLINE AND POORER HEALTH OUTCOMES. 2022 2 5395 49 REDUCED EPIGENETIC AGE IN OLDER ADULTS WITH HIGH SENSE OF PURPOSE IN LIFE. PSYCHOSOCIAL RISK FACTORS HAVE BEEN LINKED WITH ACCELERATED EPIGENETIC AGING, BUT LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT WHETHER PSYCHOSOCIAL RESILIENCE FACTORS (EG, SENSE OF PURPOSE IN LIFE) MIGHT REDUCE EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION. IN THIS STUDY, WE TESTED IF OLDER ADULTS WHO EXPERIENCE HIGH LEVELS OF PURPOSE MIGHT SHOW REDUCED EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION. WE EVALUATED THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PURPOSE AND EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION AS MEASURED BY 13 DNA METHYLATION (DNAM) "EPIGENETIC CLOCKS" ASSESSED IN 1 572 OLDER ADULTS FROM THE HEALTH AND RETIREMENT STUDY (MEAN AGE 70 YEARS). WE QUANTIFIED THE TOTAL ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PURPOSE AND DNAM AGE ACCELERATION AS WELL AS THE EXTENT TO WHICH THAT TOTAL ASSOCIATION MIGHT BE ATTRIBUTABLE TO DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS, CHRONIC DISEASE, OTHER PSYCHOSOCIAL VARIABLES (EG, POSITIVE AFFECT), AND HEALTH-RELATED BEHAVIORS (HEAVY DRINKING, SMOKING, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, AND BODY MASS INDEX [BMI]). PURPOSE IN LIFE WAS ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCED EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION ACROSS 4 "SECOND-GENERATION" DNAM CLOCKS OPTIMIZED FOR PREDICTING HEALTH AND LONGEVITY (FALSE DISCOVERY RATE [FDR] Q < 0.0001: PHENOAGE, GRIMAGE, ZHANG EPIGENETIC MORTALITY INDEX; FDR Q < 0.05: DUNEDINPOAM). THESE ASSOCIATIONS WERE INDEPENDENT OF DEMOGRAPHIC AND PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS, BUT SUBSTANTIALLY ATTENUATED AFTER ADJUSTING FOR HEALTH-RELATED BEHAVIORS (DRINKING, SMOKING, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, AND BMI). PURPOSE SHOWED NO SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATION WITH 9 "FIRST-GENERATION" DNAM EPIGENETIC CLOCKS TRAINED ON CHRONOLOGICAL AGE. OLDER ADULTS WITH GREATER PURPOSE IN LIFE SHOW "YOUNGER" DNAM EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION. THESE RESULTS MAY BE DUE IN PART TO ASSOCIATED DIFFERENCES IN HEALTH-RELATED BEHAVIORS. RESULTS SUGGEST NEW OPPORTUNITIES TO REDUCE BIOLOGICAL AGE ACCELERATION BY ENHANCING PURPOSE AND ITS BEHAVIORAL SEQUELAE IN LATE ADULTHOOD. 2023 3 2485 37 EPIGENETIC-BASED AGE ACCELERATION IN A REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE OF OLDER AMERICANS: ASSOCIATIONS WITH AGING-RELATED MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY. BIOMARKERS DEVELOPED FROM DNA METHYLATION (DNAM) DATA ARE OF GROWING INTEREST AS PREDICTORS OF HEALTH OUTCOMES AND MORTALITY IN OLDER POPULATIONS. HOWEVER, IT IS UNKNOWN HOW EPIGENETIC AGING FITS WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF KNOWN SOCIOECONOMIC AND BEHAVIORAL ASSOCIATIONS WITH AGING-RELATED HEALTH OUTCOMES IN A LARGE, POPULATION-BASED, AND DIVERSE SAMPLE. THIS STUDY USES DATA FROM A REPRESENTATIVE, PANEL STUDY OF US OLDER ADULTS TO EXAMINE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DNAM-BASED AGE ACCELERATION MEASURES IN THE PREDICTION OF CROSS-SECTIONAL AND LONGITUDINAL HEALTH OUTCOMES AND MORTALITY. WE EXAMINE WHETHER RECENT IMPROVEMENTS TO THESE SCORES, USING PRINCIPAL COMPONENT (PC)-BASED MEASURES DESIGNED TO REMOVE SOME OF THE TECHNICAL NOISE AND UNRELIABILITY IN MEASUREMENT, IMPROVE THE PREDICTIVE CAPABILITY OF THESE MEASURES. WE ALSO EXAMINE HOW WELL DNAM-BASED MEASURES PERFORM AGAINST WELL-KNOWN PREDICTORS OF HEALTH OUTCOMES SUCH AS DEMOGRAPHICS, SES, AND HEALTH BEHAVIORS. IN OUR SAMPLE, AGE ACCELERATION CALCULATED USING "SECOND AND THIRD GENERATION CLOCKS," PHENOAGE, GRIMAGE, AND DUNEDINPACE, IS CONSISTENTLY A SIGNIFICANT PREDICTOR OF HEALTH OUTCOMES INCLUDING CROSS-SECTIONAL COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION, FUNCTIONAL LIMITATIONS AND CHRONIC CONDITIONS ASSESSED 2 Y AFTER DNAM MEASUREMENT, AND 4-Y MORTALITY. PC-BASED EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION MEASURES DO NOT SIGNIFICANTLY CHANGE THE RELATIONSHIP OF DNAM-BASED AGE ACCELERATION MEASURES TO HEALTH OUTCOMES OR MORTALITY COMPARED TO EARLIER VERSIONS OF THESE MEASURES. WHILE THE USEFULNESS OF DNAM-BASED AGE ACCELERATION AS A PREDICTOR OF LATER LIFE HEALTH OUTCOMES IS QUITE CLEAR, OTHER FACTORS SUCH AS DEMOGRAPHICS, SES, MENTAL HEALTH, AND HEALTH BEHAVIORS REMAIN EQUALLY, IF NOT MORE ROBUST, PREDICTORS OF LATER LIFE OUTCOMES. 2023 4 1956 44 EPIGENETIC AGE IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD AMONG CHILDREN, ADOLESCENT, AND ADULT SURVIVORS OF CHILDHOOD CANCER. IMPORTANCE: CERTAIN CANCER THERAPIES ARE RISK FACTORS FOR EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION (EAA) AMONG SURVIVORS OF CHILDHOOD CANCER, AND EAA IS ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC HEALTH CONDITIONS (CHCS). HOWEVER, SMALL NUMBERS OF YOUNGER SURVIVORS (AGED <20 YEARS) PREVIOUSLY EVALUATED HAVE LIMITED THE ABILITY TO CALCULATE EAA AMONG THIS AGE GROUP. OBJECTIVE: TO EVALUATE THE CHANGE RATE OF EPIGENETIC AGE (EA) AND EAA IN YOUNGER COMPARED WITH OLDER SURVIVORS AND THE POSSIBLE ASSOCIATION OF EAA WITH EARLY-ONSET OBESITY (AGED <20 YEARS), SEVERITY/BURDEN OF CHCS, AND LATE MORTALITY (>5 YEARS FROM CANCER DIAGNOSIS). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: STUDY PARTICIPANTS WERE FROM THE ST JUDE LIFETIME COHORT, INITIATED IN 2007 WITH ONGOING FOLLOW-UP. THE PRESENT STUDY WAS CONDUCTED FROM APRIL 17, 2022, TO MARCH 23, 2023. SURVIVORS IN THIS COHORT OF EUROPEAN ANCESTRY WITH DNA METHYLATION DATA WERE INCLUDED. CROSS-SECTIONAL ANNUAL CHANGES IN EA AND EAA WERE COMPARED ACROSS 5 DIFFERENT CHRONOLOGIC AGE GROUPS: AGE 0 TO 9 (CHILDREN), 10 TO 19 (ADOLESCENTS), 20 TO 34 (YOUNGER ADULTS), 35 TO 49 (MIDDLE-AGED ADULTS), AND GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 50 (OLDER ADULTS) YEARS. LOGISTIC REGRESSION EVALUATED THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN EAA AND EARLY-ONSET OBESITY OR SEVERITY/BURDEN OF CHCS. COX PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS REGRESSION ASSESSED THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN EAA AND LATE MORTALITY. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: EARLY-ONSET OBESITY, SEVERITY/BURDEN OF CHCS (GRADED USING THE COMMON TERMINOLOGY CRITERIA FOR ADVERSE EVENTS (GRADE 1, MILD; 2, MODERATE; 3, SEVERE/DISABLING; 4, LIFE-THREATENING) AND WERE COMBINED INTO HIGH VS LOW SEVERITY/BURDEN BASED ON FREQUENCY AND GRADE), AND LATE MORTALITY WERE THE OUTCOMES BASED ON FOLLOW-UP UNTIL APRIL 2020. EXPANDED DNA METHYLATION PROFILING INCREASED THE NUMBER OF SURVIVORS YOUNGER THAN 20 YEARS (N = 690). EPIGENETIC AGE WAS CALCULATED PRIMARILY USING THE LEVINE CLOCK, AND EAA WAS DERIVED FROM LEAST SQUARES REGRESSION OF EA AGAINST CHRONOLOGIC AGE AND WAS STANDARDIZED TO A Z SCORE (LEVINE EEA). RESULTS: AMONG 2846 PARTICIPANTS (MEDIAN AGE, 30.3 [IQR, 9.3-41.5] YEARS; 53% MALES), THE CROSS-SECTIONAL ANNUAL CHANGE IN EA_LEVINE WAS HIGHER IN CHILDREN (1.63 YEARS) AND ADOLESCENTS (1.14 YEARS), AND THE ADJUSTED LEAST-SQUARES MEAN OF LEVINE EEA WAS LOWER IN CHILDREN (-0.22 YEARS) AND OLDER ADULTS (-1.70 YEARS). EACH 1-SD INCREASE IN LEVINE EEA WAS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED RISK OF DEVELOPING EARLY-ONSET OBESITY (ODDS RATIO [OR], 1.46; 95% CI, 1.19-1.78), HIGH SEVERITY/BURDEN OF CHCS (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.03-1.24), AND LATE MORTALITY (HAZARD RATIO, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.35-2.26). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: THE FINDINGS OF THIS STUDY SUGGEST THAT EAA MEASURED IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENT SURVIVORS OF CHILDHOOD CANCER IS ASSOCIATED WITH EARLY-ONSET OBESITY, SEVERITY/BURDEN OF ALL CHCS, AND LATE MORTALITY. EVALUATING EAA MAY HELP IDENTIFY SURVIVORS OF CHILDHOOD CANCER AT INCREASED RISK FOR EARLY-ONSET OBESITY, MORBIDITY IN GENERAL, AND MORTALITY. 2023 5 1780 35 EDUCATION AND LIFESTYLE FACTORS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH DNA METHYLATION CLOCKS IN OLDER AFRICAN AMERICANS. DNA METHYLATION (DNAM) CLOCKS ARE IMPORTANT BIOMARKERS OF CELLULAR AGING AND ARE ASSOCIATED WITH A VARIETY OF AGE-RELATED CHRONIC DISEASES AND ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY. EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EDUCATION AND LIFESTYLE RISK FACTORS FOR AGE-RELATED DISEASES AND MULTIPLE DNAM CLOCKS CAN INCREASE THE UNDERSTANDING OF HOW RISK FACTORS CONTRIBUTE TO AGING AT THE CELLULAR LEVEL. THIS STUDY EXPLORED THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN EDUCATION OR LIFESTYLE RISK FACTORS FOR AGE-RELATED DISEASES AND THE ACCELERATION OF FOUR DNAM CLOCKS, INCLUDING INTRINSIC (IEAA) AND EXTRINSIC EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION (EEAA), PHENOAGE ACCELERATION (PHENOAA), AND GRIMAGE ACCELERATION (GRIMAA) IN THE AFRICAN AMERICAN PARTICIPANTS OF THE GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY NETWORK OF ARTERIOPATHY. WE PERFORMED BOTH CROSS-SECTIONAL AND LONGITUDINAL ANALYSES. IN CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSES, GENDER, EDUCATION, BMI, SMOKING, AND ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION WERE ALL INDEPENDENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH GRIMAA, WHEREAS ONLY SOME OF THEM WERE ASSOCIATED WITH OTHER CLOCKS. THE EFFECT OF SMOKING AND EDUCATION ON GRIMAA VARIED BY GENDER. LONGITUDINAL ANALYSES SUGGEST THAT AGE AND BMI CONTINUED TO INCREASE GRIMAA, AND THAT AGE AND CURRENT SMOKING CONTINUED TO INCREASE PHENOAA AFTER CONTROLLING DNAM CLOCKS AT BASELINE. IN CONCLUSION, EDUCATION AND COMMON LIFESTYLE RISK FACTORS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH MULTIPLE DNAM CLOCKS. HOWEVER, THE ASSOCIATION WITH EACH RISK FACTOR VARIED BY CLOCK, WHICH SUGGESTS THAT DIFFERENT CLOCKS MAY CAPTURE ADVERSE EFFECTS FROM DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL STIMULI. 2019 6 1746 36 EARLY LIFE ADVERSITY, PUBERTAL TIMING, AND EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION IN ADULTHOOD. BACKGROUND: GIVEN ASSOCIATIONS LINKING EARLY LIFE ADVERSITY, PUBERTAL TIMING, AND BIOLOGICAL AGING, WE EXAMINED THE DIRECT AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF EARLY LIFE TRAUMA ON ADULT BIOLOGICAL AGING (VIA AGE OF MENARCHE). METHODS: PARTICIPANTS WERE PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN (N = 183). PATH MODELS EVALUATED WHETHER EARLY LIFE TRAUMA PREDICTED EARLY PUBERTAL TIMING AND THEREBY, ADULT EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION (INDEXED VIA FOUR EPIGENETIC CLOCKS: HORVATH DNAM AGE, HANNUM DNAM AGE, DNAM PHENOAGE, AND DNAM GRIMAGE). SECONDARY ANALYSES EXPLORED THE EFFECTS OF TYPE OF TRAUMA (ABUSE AND NEGLECT) AND ADULT CHRONIC STRESS STATUS (CAREGIVER OF CHILD WITH AUTISM AND NON-CAREGIVER). RESULTS: EARLY LIFE TRAUMA AND EARLIER AGE AT MENARCHE INDEPENDENTLY PREDICTED ACCELERATED AGING BASED ON ONE OF THE FOUR EPIGENETIC CLOCKS, DNAM GRIMAGE, THOUGH EARLY LIFE TRAUMA WAS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH AGE OF MENARCHE. CHILDHOOD ABUSE, BUT NOT NEGLECT, PREDICTED FASTER EPIGENETIC AGING; RESULTS DID NOT DIFFER BY CHRONIC STRESS STATUS. CONCLUSIONS: EARLY TRAUMA AND EARLY MENARCHE APPEAR TO EXERT INDEPENDENT EFFECTS ON DNAM GRIMAGE, WHICH HAS BEEN SHOWN TO BE THE STRONGEST EPIGENETIC PREDICTOR OF MORTALITY RISK. THIS STUDY IDENTIFIES A POTENTIAL CORRELATE OR DETERMINANT OF ACCELERATED EPIGENETIC AGING-MENARCHEAL AGE. FUTURE RESEARCH SHOULD ADDRESS THE LIMITATIONS OF THIS STUDY BY USING RACIALLY DIVERSE SAMPLES. 2021 7 2150 38 EPIGENETIC MEASURES OF AGEING PREDICT THE PREVALENCE AND INCIDENCE OF LEADING CAUSES OF DEATH AND DISEASE BURDEN. BACKGROUND: INDIVIDUALS OF THE SAME CHRONOLOGICAL AGE DISPLAY DIFFERENT RATES OF BIOLOGICAL AGEING. A NUMBER OF MEASURES OF BIOLOGICAL AGE HAVE BEEN PROPOSED WHICH HARNESS AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION PROFILES. THESE MEASURES INCLUDE FIVE 'EPIGENETIC CLOCKS' WHICH PROVIDE AN INDEX OF HOW MUCH AN INDIVIDUAL'S BIOLOGICAL AGE DIFFERS FROM THEIR CHRONOLOGICAL AGE AT THE TIME OF MEASUREMENT. THE FIVE CLOCKS ENCOMPASS METHYLATION-BASED PREDICTORS OF CHRONOLOGICAL AGE (HORVATHAGE, HANNUMAGE), ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY (DNAM PHENOAGE, DNAM GRIMAGE) AND TELOMERE LENGTH (DNAM TELOMERE LENGTH). A SIXTH EPIGENETIC MEASURE OF AGEING DIFFERS FROM THESE CLOCKS IN THAT IT ACTS AS A SPEEDOMETER PROVIDING A SINGLE TIME-POINT MEASUREMENT OF THE PACE OF AN INDIVIDUAL'S BIOLOGICAL AGEING. THIS MEASURE OF AGEING IS TERMED DUNEDINPOAM. IN THIS STUDY, WE TEST THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THESE SIX EPIGENETIC MEASURES OF AGEING AND THE PREVALENCE AND INCIDENCE OF THE LEADING CAUSES OF DISEASE BURDEN AND MORTALITY IN HIGH-INCOME COUNTRIES (N 0.05). EPIGENETIC AGING WAS ASSOCIATED WITH GREATER EMOTIONAL STABILITY (R = -0.461, P = 0.027), CONSCIENTIOUSNESS (R = -0.549, P = 0.007), AND LOWER EXTRAVERSION (R = 0.414, P = 0.049) BUT NOT DEPRESSION OR AFFECT (P'S > 0.05). EPIGENETIC AGING WAS ALSO ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER EPISODIC (R = -0.698, P = 0.001) AND WORKING MEMORY (R = -0.760, P < 0.001). OUR FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT CHRONIC PAIN IS ASSOCIATED WITH ACCELERATED EPIGENETIC AGING IN HEALTHY, COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER INDIVIDUALS, AND FUTURE STUDIES WITH LARGER SAMPLES ARE NEEDED TO CONFIRM OUR FINDINGS. AN AGING BIOMARKER SUCH AS THE EPIGENETIC CLOCK MAY HELP IDENTIFY PEOPLE WITH CHRONIC PAIN AT GREATER RISK OF FUNCTIONAL DECLINE AND POORER HEALTH OUTCOMES. 2019 16 6018 43 THE ASSOCIATION OF EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION AND MULTIMORBIDITY AT AGE 90 IN THE WOMEN'S HEALTH INITIATIVE. BACKGROUND: EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION (EAA), A MEASURE OF ACCELERATED BIOLOGICAL AGING, HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED RISK OF SEVERAL AGE-RELATED CHRONIC CONDITIONS. THIS IS THE FIRST STUDY TO PROSPECTIVELY EXAMINE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EAA AND BOTH MULTIMORBIDITY COUNT AND A WEIGHTED MULTIMORBIDITY SCORE AMONG LONG-LIVED POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN. METHODS: WE INCLUDED 1,951 WOMEN FROM THE WOMEN'S HEALTH INITIATIVE WHO COULD HAVE SURVIVED TO AGE 90. EAA WAS ESTIMATED USING THE HORVATH PAN-TISSUE, HANNUM, PHENOAGE AND GRIMAGE "CLOCKS." TWELVE CHRONIC CONDITIONS WERE INCLUDED IN THE MULTIMORBIDITY COUNT. THE MULTIMORBIDITY SCORE WAS WEIGHTED FOR EACH MORBIDITY'S RELATIONSHIP WITH MORTALITY IN THE STUDY POPULATION. USING MIXED-EFFECTS POISSON AND LINEAR REGRESSION MODELS THAT INCLUDED BASELINE COVARIATES ASSOCIATED WITH BOTH EAA AND MULTIMORBIDITY, WE ESTIMATED RELATIVE RISKS (RRS) AND 95% CONFIDENCE INTERVALS (CIS) FOR THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN EACH EAA MEASURE AT STUDY BASELINE WITH BOTH MULTIMORBIDITY COUNT AND WEIGHTED MULTIMORBIDITY SCORE AT AGE 90, RESPECTIVELY. RESULTS: FOR EVERY ONE-STANDARD DEVIATION INCREASE IN AGEACCELPHENO, THE RATE OF MULTIMORBIDITY ACCUMULATION INCREASED 6% (RR=1.06; 95% CI=1.01-1.12; P=0.025) AND THE MULTIMORBIDITY SCORE BY 7% (RR=1.07; 95% CI=1.01-1.13; P=0.014) FOR WOMEN WHO SURVIVED TO AGE 90. THE RESULTS FOR A ONE-STANDARD DEVIATION INCREASE IN AGEACCELHORVATH, AGEACCELHANNUM AND AGEACCELGRIM WITH MULTIMORBIDITY ACCUMULATION AND SCORE WERE WEAKER COMPARED TO AGEACCELPHENO, AND THE LATTER TWO DID NOT REACH STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE. CONCLUSION: AGEACCELPHENO AND AGEACCELHANNUM MAY PREDICT MULTIMORBIDITY COUNT AND SCORE AT AGE 90 IN OLDER WOMEN AND, THUS, MAY BE USEFUL AS A BIOMARKER PREDICTOR OF MULTIMORBIDITY BURDEN IN THE LAST DECADES OF LIFE. 2022 17 5746 36 SMOKING-RELATED DNA METHYLATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH DNA METHYLATION PHENOTYPIC AGE ACCELERATION: THE VETERANS AFFAIRS NORMATIVE AGING STUDY. DNA METHYLATION MAY PLAY A CRITICAL ROLE IN AGING AND AGE-RELATED DISEASES. DNA METHYLATION PHENOTYPIC AGE (DNAMPHENOAGE) IS A NEW AGING BIOMARKER AND PREDICTOR OF CHRONIC DISEASE RISK. WHILE SMOKING IS A STRONG RISK FACTOR FOR CHRONIC DISEASES AND INFLUENCES METHYLATION, ITS INFLUENCE ON DNAMPHENOAGE IS UNKNOWN. WE INVESTIGATED ASSOCIATIONS OF SELF-REPORTED AND EPIGENETIC SMOKING INDICATORS WITH DNAMPHENOAGE ACCELERATION IN A LONGITUDINAL AGING STUDY IN EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS. DNA METHYLATION WAS MEASURED IN WHOLE BLOOD SAMPLES FROM MULTIPLE VISITS FOR 692 MALE PARTICIPANTS IN THE VETERANS AFFAIRS NORMATIVE AGING STUDY DURING 1999-2013. ACCELERATION WAS DEFINED USING RESIDUALS FROM LINEAR REGRESSION OF THE DNAMPHENOAGE ON THE CHRONOLOGICAL AGE. CUMULATIVE SMOKING (PACK-YEARS) WAS SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH DNAMPHENOAGE ACCELERATION, WHEREAS SELF-REPORTED SMOKING STATUS WAS NOT. WE OBSERVED SIGNIFICANT VALIDATED ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN SMOKING-RELATED LOCI AND DNAMPHENOAGE ACCELERATION FOR 52 CPG SITES, WHERE 18 WERE HYPOMETHYLATED AND 34 WERE HYPERMETHYLATED, MAPPED TO 16 GENES. THE AHRR GENE HAD THE MOST LOCI (N = 8) AMONG THE 16 GENES. WE GENERATED A SMOKING AGING INDEX BASED ON THESE 52 LOCI, WHICH SHOWED POSITIVE SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATIONS WITH DNAMPHENOAGE ACCELERATION. THESE EPIGENETIC BIOMARKERS MAY HELP TO PREDICT AGE-RELATED RISKS DRIVEN BY SMOKING. 2019 18 648 40 BIRTH WEIGHT AND MATERNAL ENERGY STATUS DURING PREGNANCY AS PREDICTORS OF EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION IN YOUNG ADULTS FROM METROPOLITAN CEBU, PHILIPPINES. EPIGENETIC CLOCKS QUANTIFY REGULAR CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION THAT OCCUR WITH AGE, OR IN RELATION TO BIOMARKERS OF AGEING, AND ARE STRONG PREDICTORS OF MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY. HERE, WE ASSESS WHETHER MEASURES OF FETAL NUTRITION AND GROWTH THAT PREDICT ADULT CHRONIC DISEASE ALSO PREDICT ACCELERATED BIOLOGICAL AGEING IN YOUNG ADULTHOOD USING A SUITE OF COMMONLY USED EPIGENETIC CLOCKS. DATA COME FROM THE CEBU LONGITUDINAL HEALTH AND NUTRITION SURVEY (CLHNS), A LONG-RUNNING COHORT FOLLOWED SINCE BIRTH IN METROPOLITAN CEBU, PHILIPPINES. PAST WORK HAS SHOWN THAT BIRTH WEIGHT (BW) AND THE MOTHER'S ARM FAT DURING PREGNANCY (A MEASURE OF PREGNANCY ENERGY STATUS) RELATE INVERSELY TO HEALTH OUTCOMES IN THE CLHNS BUT PRIMARILY IN MALES. GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION WAS ASSESSED IN WHOLE BLOOD USING THE INFINIUM EPIC ARRAY. PARTICIPANTS INCLUDED MALES (N=895) AND FEMALES (N=803) MEASURED IN 2005 (20.8-22.5 YEARS). CLOCKS INCLUDED THE HANNUM AND HORVATH CLOCKS TRAINED ON CHRONOLOGICAL AGE, THE DNAMPHENOAGE AND DNAMGRIMAGE CLOCKS TRAINED ON CLINICAL BIOMARKERS, THE DUNEDIN PACE OF AGEING (DUNEDINPACE) CLOCK TRAINED ON LONGITUDINAL CHANGES IN AGEING BIOMARKERS, AND THE DNAMTL CLOCK TRAINED ON LEUKOCYTE TELOMERE LENGTH. IN MALES, LOWER BW PREDICTED ADVANCED BIOLOGICAL AGEING USING THE HANNUM, DNAMPHENOAGE, DUNEDINPOAM, AND DNAMTL CLOCKS. IN CONTRAST, BW DID NOT PREDICT ANY CLOCK IN FEMALE PARTICIPANTS. PARTICIPANTS' MOTHERS' PREGNANCY ARM FAT ONLY PREDICTED DNAMTL IN MALES. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT EPIGENETIC CLOCKS ARE A USEFUL TOOL FOR GAUGING LONG-TERM OUTCOMES PREDICTED BY FETAL GROWTH, AND ADD TO EXISTING EVIDENCE IN THE CLHNS FOR SEX DIFFERENCES IN THESE RELATIONSHIPS. 2022 19 1776 37 ECONOMIC HARDSHIP AND BIOLOGICAL WEATHERING: THE EPIGENETICS OF AGING IN A U.S. SAMPLE OF BLACK WOMEN. BACKGROUND: PAST RESEARCH HAS LINKED LOW SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS (SES) TO INFLAMMATION, METABOLIC DYSREGULATION, AND VARIOUS CHRONIC AND AGE-RELATED DISEASES SUCH AS TYPE 2 DIABETES, CORONARY HEART DISEASE, STROKE, AND DEMENTIA. THESE STUDIES SUGGEST THAT THE CHALLENGES AND ADVERSITIES ASSOCIATED WITH LOW SES MAY RESULT IN PREMATURE AGING AND INCREASED RISK OF MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY. OBJECTIVE: BUILDING UPON THIS RESEARCH, THE PRESENT STUDY INVESTIGATES VARIOUS AVENUES WHEREBY LOW INCOME MIGHT ACCELERATE BIOLOGICAL AGING. METHODS: STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING AND LONGITUDINAL DATA FROM A SAMPLE OF 100 BLACK, MIDDLE-AGED WOMEN RESIDING IN THE UNITED STATES WAS USED TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECT OF INCOME ON A RECENTLY DEVELOPED EPIGENETIC MEASURE OF BIOLOGICAL AGING. THIS MEASURE CAN BE USED AS A "BIOLOGICAL CLOCK" TO ASSESS, AT ANY POINT DURING ADULTHOOD, THE EXTENT TO WHICH AN INDIVIDUAL IS EXPERIENCING ACCELERATED OR DECELERATED BIOLOGICAL AGING. RESULTS: LOW INCOME DISPLAYED A ROBUST ASSOCIATION WITH ACCELERATED AGING THAT WAS UNAFFECTED AFTER CONTROLLING FOR OTHER SES-RELATED FACTORS SUCH AS EDUCATION, MARITAL STATUS, AND CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY. FURTHER, OUR ANALYSES INDICATED THAT THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INCOME AND BIOLOGICAL AGING WAS NOT EXPLAINED BY HEALTH-RELATED BEHAVIORS SUCH AS DIET, EXERCISE, SMOKING, ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION, OR HAVING HEALTH INSURANCE. RATHER, IN LARGE MEASURE, IT WAS FINANCIAL PRESSURE (DIFFICULTY PAYING BILLS, BUYING NECESSITIES, OR MEETING DAILY EXPENSES) THAT ACCOUNTED FOR THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN LOW INCOME AND ACCELERATED AGING. CONCLUSIONS: THESE FINDINGS SUPPORT THE VIEW THAT CHRONIC FINANCIAL PRESSURES ASSOCIATED WITH LOW INCOME EXERT A WEATHERING EFFECT THAT RESULTS IN PREMATURE AGING. 2016 20 5311 42 PSYCHOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL RESILIENCE MODULATES THE EFFECTS OF STRESS ON EPIGENETIC AGING. OUR SOCIETY IS EXPERIENCING MORE STRESS THAN EVER BEFORE, LEADING TO BOTH NEGATIVE PSYCHIATRIC AND PHYSICAL OUTCOMES. CHRONIC STRESS IS LINKED TO NEGATIVE LONG-TERM HEALTH CONSEQUENCES, RAISING THE POSSIBILITY THAT STRESS IS RELATED TO ACCELERATED AGING. IN THIS STUDY, WE EXAMINE WHETHER RESILIENCE FACTORS AFFECT STRESS-ASSOCIATED BIOLOGICAL AGE ACCELERATION. RECENTLY DEVELOPED "EPIGENETIC CLOCKS" SUCH AS GRIMAGE HAVE SHOWN UTILITY IN PREDICTING BIOLOGICAL AGE AND MORTALITY. HERE, WE ASSESSED THE IMPACT OF CUMULATIVE STRESS, STRESS PHYSIOLOGY, AND RESILIENCE ON ACCELERATED AGING IN A COMMUNITY SAMPLE (N = 444). CUMULATIVE STRESS WAS ASSOCIATED WITH ACCELERATED GRIMAGE (P = 0.0388) AND STRESS-RELATED PHYSIOLOGIC MEASURES OF ADRENAL SENSITIVITY (CORTISOL/ACTH RATIO) AND INSULIN RESISTANCE (HOMA). AFTER CONTROLLING FOR DEMOGRAPHIC AND BEHAVIORAL FACTORS, HOMA CORRELATED WITH ACCELERATED GRIMAGE (P = 0.0186). REMARKABLY, PSYCHOLOGICAL RESILIENCE FACTORS OF EMOTION REGULATION AND SELF-CONTROL MODERATED THESE RELATIONSHIPS. EMOTION REGULATION MODERATED THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN STRESS AND AGING (P = 8.82E-4) SUCH THAT WITH WORSE EMOTION REGULATION, THERE WAS GREATER STRESS-RELATED AGE ACCELERATION, WHILE STRONGER EMOTION REGULATION PREVENTED ANY SIGNIFICANT EFFECT OF STRESS ON GRIMAGE. SELF-CONTROL MODERATED THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRESS AND INSULIN RESISTANCE (P = 0.00732), WITH HIGH SELF-CONTROL BLUNTING THIS RELATIONSHIP. IN THE FINAL MODEL, IN THOSE WITH POOR EMOTION REGULATION, CUMULATIVE STRESS CONTINUED TO PREDICT ADDITIONAL GRIMAGE ACCELERATION EVEN WHILE ACCOUNTING FOR DEMOGRAPHIC, PHYSIOLOGIC, AND BEHAVIORAL COVARIATES. THESE RESULTS DEMONSTRATE THAT CUMULATIVE STRESS IS ASSOCIATED WITH EPIGENETIC AGING IN A HEALTHY POPULATION, AND THESE ASSOCIATIONS ARE MODIFIED BY BIOBEHAVIORAL RESILIENCE FACTORS. 2021