1  4947 181 PATERNAL SEPSIS INDUCES ALTERATIONS OF THE SPERM METHYLOME AND DAMPENS OFFSPRING IMMUNE RESPONSES-AN ANIMAL STUDY. BACKGROUND: SEPSIS REPRESENTS THE UTMOST SEVERE CONSEQUENCE OF INFECTION, INVOLVING A DYSREGULATED AND SELF-DAMAGING IMMUNE RESPONSE OF THE HOST. WHILE DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES LIKE CHRONIC STRESS OR MALNUTRITION HAVE BEEN WELL DESCRIBED TO REPROGRAM THE GERMLINE AND SUBSEQUENTLY OFFSPRING ATTRIBUTES, THE INTERGENERATIONAL IMPACT OF SEPSIS AS A TREMENDOUS IMMUNOLOGICAL STRESSOR HAS NOT BEEN EXAMINED YET. METHODS: POLYMICROBIAL SEPSIS IN 12-WEEK-OLD MALE C57BL/6 MICE WAS INDUCED BY CECAL LIGATION AND PUNCTURE (CLP), FOLLOWED BY A MATING OF THE MALE SURVIVORS (OR APPROPRIATE SHAM CONTROL ANIMALS) 6 WEEKS LATER WITH HEALTHY FEMALES. ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES OF OFFSPRING ANIMALS WERE ISOLATED AND STIMULATED WITH EITHER LPS OR ZYMOSAN, AND SUPERNATANT LEVELS OF TNF-ALPHA WERE QUANTIFIED BY ELISA. FURTHERMORE, SYSTEMIC CYTOKINE RESPONSE TO INTRAPERITONEALLY INJECTED LPS WAS ASSESSED AFTER 24 H. ALSO, MORPHOLOGY, MOTILITY, AND GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION OF THE SEPSIS SURVIVORS' SPERM WAS EXAMINED. RESULTS: COMPARATIVE REDUCED REDUCTION BISULFITE SEQUENCING (RRBS) OF SPERM REVEALED CHANGES OF DNA METHYLATION (N = 381), MOST PRONOUNCED IN THE INTERGENIC GENOME AS WELL AS WITHIN INTRONS OF DEVELOPMENTALLY RELEVANT GENES. OFFSPRING OF SEPSIS FATHERS EXHIBITED A SLIGHT DECREASE IN BODY WEIGHT, WITH A MORE PRONOUNCED WEIGHT DIFFERENCE IN MALE ANIMALS (CLP VS. SHAM). MALE DESCENDANTS OF SEPSIS FATHERS, BUT NOT FEMALE DESCENDANTS, EXHIBITED LOWER PLASMA CONCENTRATIONS OF IL-6, TNF-ALPHA, AND IL-10 24 H AFTER INJECTION OF LPS. IN LINE, ONLY ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES OF MALE DESCENDANTS OF SEPSIS FATHERS PRODUCED LESS TNF-ALPHA UPON ZYMOSAN STIMULATION COMPARED TO SHAM DESCENDANTS, WHILE LPS RESPONSES KEPT UNCHANGED. CONCLUSION: WE CAN PROVE THAT MALE-BUT SURPRISINGLY NOT FEMALE-DESCENDANTS OF POST-SEPSIS FATHERS SHOW A DAMPENED SYSTEMIC AS WELL AS PULMONARY IMMUNE RESPONSE. BASED ON THIS OBSERVATION OF AN IMMUNE HYPO-RESPONSIVITY, WE PROPOSE THAT MALE DESCENDANTS OF SEPSIS FATHERS ARE AT RISK TO DEVELOP FUNGAL AND BACTERIAL INFECTIONS AND MIGHT BENEFIT FROM THERAPEUTIC IMMUNE MODULATION.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
2  1125  30 COMPLEX INHIBITION OF AUTOPHAGY BY MITOCHONDRIAL ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE SHORTENS LIFESPAN AND EXACERBATES CARDIAC AGING. AUTOPHAGY, A CONSERVATIVE DEGRADATION PROCESS FOR LONG-LIVED AND DAMAGED PROTEINS, PARTICIPATES IN A CASCADE OF BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES INCLUDING AGING. A NUMBER OF AUTOPHAGY REGULATORS HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED. HERE WE DEMONSTRATED THAT MITOCHONDRIAL ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE (ALDH2), AN ENZYME WITH THE MOST COMMON SINGLE POINT MUTATION IN HUMANS, GOVERNS CARDIAC AGING THROUGH REGULATION OF AUTOPHAGY. MYOCARDIAL MECHANICAL AND AUTOPHAGY PROPERTIES WERE EXAMINED IN YOUNG (4MONTHS) AND OLD (26-28MONTHS) WILD-TYPE (WT) AND GLOBAL ALDH2 TRANSGENIC MICE. ALDH2 OVEREXPRESSION SHORTENED LIFESPAN BY 7.7% WITHOUT AFFECTING AGING-ASSOCIATED CHANGES IN PLASMA METABOLIC PROFILES. MYOCARDIAL FUNCTION WAS COMPROMISED WITH AGING ASSOCIATED WITH CARDIAC HYPERTROPHY, THE EFFECTS WERE ACCENTUATED BY ALDH2. AGING OVERTLY SUPPRESSED AUTOPHAGY AND COMPROMISED AUTOPHAGY FLUX, THE EFFECTS WERE EXACERBATED BY ALDH2. AGING DAMPENED PHOSPHORYLATION OF JNK, BCL-2, IKKBETA, AMPK AND TSC2 WHILE PROMOTING PHOSPHORYLATION OF MTOR, THE EFFECTS OF WHICH WERE EXAGGERATED BY ALDH2. CO-IMMUNOPRECIPITATION REVEALED INCREASED DISSOCIATION BETWEEN BCL-2 AND BECLIN-1 (RESULT OF DECREASED BCL-2 PHOSPHORYLATION) IN AGING, THE EFFECT OF WHICH WAS EXACERBATED WITH ALDH2. CHRONIC TREATMENT OF THE AUTOPHAGY INDUCER RAPAMYCIN ALLEVIATED AGING-INDUCED CARDIAC DYSFUNCTION IN BOTH WT AND ALDH2 MICE. MOREOVER, ACTIVATION OF JNK AND INHIBITION OF EITHER BCL-2 OR IKKBETA OVERTLY ATTENUATED ALDH2 ACTIVATION-INDUCED ACCENTUATION OF CARDIOMYOCYTE AGING. EXAMINATION OF THE OTHERWISE ELDERLY INDIVIDUALS REVEALED A POSITIVE CORRELATION BETWEEN CARDIAC FUNCTION/GEOMETRY AND ALDH2 GENE MUTATION. TAKEN TOGETHER, OUR DATA REVEALED THAT ALDH2 ENZYME MAY SUPPRESS MYOCARDIAL AUTOPHAGY POSSIBLY THROUGH A COMPLEX JNK-BCL-2 AND IKKBETA-AMPK-DEPENDENT MECHANISM EN ROUTE TO ACCENTUATION OF MYOCARDIAL REMODELING AND CONTRACTILE DYSFUNCTION IN AGING. THIS ARTICLE IS PART OF A SPECIAL ISSUE ENTITLED: GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC CONTROL OF HEART FAILURE - EDITED BY JUN REN & MEGAN YINGMEI ZHANG.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
3  6540  39 TRANSCRIPTIONAL, EPIGENETIC, AND FUNCTIONAL REPROGRAMMING OF MONOCYTES FROM NON-HUMAN PRIMATES FOLLOWING CHRONIC ALCOHOL DRINKING. CHRONIC HEAVY DRINKING (CHD) OF ALCOHOL IS A KNOWN RISK FACTOR FOR INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO BACTERIAL AND VIRAL INFECTION AS WELL AS IMPAIRED WOUND HEALING. EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT THESE DEFECTS ARE MEDIATED BY A DYSREGULATED INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE ORIGINATING FROM MYELOID CELLS, NOTABLY MONOCYTES AND MACROPHAGES, BUT THE MECHANISMS REMAIN POORLY UNDERSTOOD. OUR ABILITY TO STUDY CHD IS IMPACTED BY THE COMPLEXITIES OF HUMAN DRINKING PATTERNS AND BEHAVIOR AS WELL AS COMORBIDITIES AND CONFOUNDING RISK FACTORS FOR PATIENTS WITH ALCOHOL USE DISORDERS. TO OVERCOME THESE CHALLENGES, WE UTILIZED A TRANSLATIONAL RHESUS MACAQUE MODEL OF VOLUNTARY ETHANOL SELF-ADMINISTRATION THAT CLOSELY RECAPITULATES HUMAN DRINKING PATTERNS AND CHRONICITY. IN THIS STUDY, WE EXAMINED THE EFFECTS OF CHD ON BLOOD MONOCYTES IN CONTROL AND CHD FEMALE MACAQUES AFTER 12 MONTHS OF DAILY ETHANOL CONSUMPTION. WHILE MONOCYTES FROM CHD FEMALE MACAQUES GENERATED A HYPER-INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE TO EX VIVO LPS STIMULATION, THEIR RESPONSE TO E. COLI WAS DAMPENED. IN DEPTH SCRNA-SEQ ANALYSIS OF PURIFIED MONOCYTES REVEALED SIGNIFICANT SHIFTS IN CLASSICAL MONOCYTE SUBSETS WITH ACCUMULATION OF CELLS EXPRESSING MARKERS OF HYPOXIA (HIF1A) AND INFLAMMATION (NFKB SIGNALING PATHWAY) IN CHD MACAQUES. THE INCREASED PRESENCE OF MONOCYTE SUBSETS SKEWED TOWARDS INFLAMMATORY PHENOTYPES WAS COMPLEMENTED BY EPIGENETIC ANALYSIS, WHICH REVEALED HIGHER ACCESSIBILITY OF PROMOTER REGIONS THAT REGULATE GENES INVOLVED IN CYTOKINE SIGNALING PATHWAYS. COLLECTIVELY, DATA PRESENTED IN THIS MANUSCRIPT DEMONSTRATE THAT CHD SHIFTS CLASSICAL MONOCYTE SUBSET COMPOSITION AND PRIMES THE MONOCYTES TOWARDS A MORE HYPER-INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE TO LPS, BUT COMPROMISED PATHOGEN RESPONSE.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
4  4506  26 MRTF-A MEDIATES LPS-INDUCED PRO-INFLAMMATORY TRANSCRIPTION BY INTERACTING WITH THE COMPASS COMPLEX. CHRONIC INFLAMMATION UNDERSCORES THE PATHOGENESIS OF A RANGE OF HUMAN DISEASES. LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE (LPS) ELICITS STRONG PRO-INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES IN MACROPHAGES THROUGH THE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR NF-KAPPAB. THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISM UNDERLYING LPS-INDUCED PRO-INFLAMMATORY TRANSCRIPTION IS NOT FULLY UNDERSTOOD. HEREIN, WE DESCRIBE A ROLE FOR MYOCARDIN-RELATED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR A (MRTF-A, ALSO KNOWN AS MKL1) IN THIS PROCESS. MRTF-A OVEREXPRESSION ENHANCED NF-KAPPAB-DEPENDENT PRO-INFLAMMATORY TRANSCRIPTION, WHEREAS MRTF-A SILENCING INHIBITED THIS PROCESS. MRTF-A DEFICIENCY ALSO REDUCED THE SYNTHESIS OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS IN A MOUSE MODEL OF COLITIS. LPS PROMOTED THE RECRUITMENT OF MRTF-A TO THE PROMOTERS OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY GENES IN AN NF-KAPPAB-DEPENDENT MANNER. RECIPROCALLY, MRTF-A INFLUENCED THE NUCLEAR ENRICHMENT AND TARGET BINDING OF NF-KAPPAB. MECHANISTICALLY, MRTF-A WAS NECESSARY FOR THE ACCUMULATION OF ACTIVE HISTONE MODIFICATIONS ON NF-KAPPAB TARGET PROMOTERS BY COMMUNICATING WITH THE HISTONE H3K4 METHYLTRANSFERASE COMPLEX (COMPASS). SILENCING OF INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS OF COMPASS, INCLUDING ASH2, WDR5 AND SET1 (ALSO KNOWN AS SETD1A), DOWNREGULATED THE PRODUCTION OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS AND IMPAIRED THE NF-KAPPAB KINETICS. IN SUMMARY, OUR WORK HAS UNCOVERED A PREVIOUSLY UNKNOWN FUNCTION FOR MRTF-A AND PROVIDED INSIGHTS INTO THE RATIONALIZED DEVELOPMENT OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
5  3179  41 HAIR CORTISOL AS A HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS BIOMARKER IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ASTHMA: A RETROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY. BACKGROUND: CORTISOL IS A HORMONE INVOLVED IN MANY PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS INCLUDING FETAL MATURATION AND EPIGENETIC PROGRAMMING DURING PREGNANCY. THIS STUDY AIMED TO USE HAIR CORTISOL AS A BIOMARKER OF CHRONIC INHALED CORTICOSTEROID (ICS) EXPOSURE AND ASSESS THE POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF ASTHMA ON THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL (HPA) AXIS IN PREGNANT WOMEN. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ASTHMA TREATED WITH ICS WOULD EXHIBIT LOWER HAIR CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS, INDICATIVE OF ADRENAL SUPPRESSION, COMPARED TO WOMEN WITH ASTHMA NOT USING ICS AND WOMEN WHO DO NOT HAVE ASTHMA. METHODS: WE PERFORMED AN OBSERVATIONAL RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY. HAIR SAMPLES WERE ANALYZED FROM PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ASTHMA, WITH (N = 56) AND WITHOUT (N = 31) ICS TREATMENT, AND PREGNANT WOMEN WITHOUT ASTHMA (N = 31). HAIR SAMPLES WERE SEGMENTED BASED ON THE GROWTH RATE OF 1 CM/MONTH AND ANALYZED BY ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY TO PROVIDE CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS CORRESPONDING TO PRECONCEPTION, TRIMESTERS 1-3, AND POSTPARTUM. HAIR CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS WERE COMPARED WITHIN AND AMONG THE GROUPS USING NON-PARAMETRIC STATISTICAL TESTS. RESULTS: HAIR CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS INCREASED ACROSS TRIMESTERS FOR ALL THREE GROUPS, BUT THIS INCREASE WAS DAMPENED IN WOMEN WITH ASTHMA (P = 0.03 FOR CONTROLS VS. ICS TREATED AND CONTROLS VS. NO ICS). ICS TREATED WOMEN TAKING MORE THAN FIVE DOSES PER WEEK HAD HAIR CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS 47 % LOWER IN THIRD TRIMESTER THAN CONTROLS. LINEAR REGRESSION OF THE THIRD TRIMESTER HAIR CORTISOL RESULTS IDENTIFIED ASTHMA AS A SIGNIFICANT FACTOR WHEN COMPARING CONSISTENT ICS USE OR ASTHMA AS THE PREDICTOR (F(1, 25) = 9.7, P = 0.005, R(2) ADJ = 0.257). CONCLUSIONS: HAIR CORTISOL SUCCESSFULLY SHOWED THE EXPECTED CHANGE IN CORTISOL OVER THE COURSE OF PREGNANCY AND MAY BE A USEFUL BIOMARKER OF HPA AXIS FUNCTION IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ASTHMA. THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF DECREASED MATERNAL CORTISOL IN WOMEN WITH ASTHMA ON PERINATAL OUTCOMES REMAINS TO BE DETERMINED.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
6  5592  35 ROLE OF TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA IN THE HUMAN SYSTEMIC ENDOTOXIN-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTOME. TNFALPHA HAS BEEN IMPLICATED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF VARIOUS INFLAMMATORY DISEASES. DIFFERENT STRATEGIES TO INHIBIT TNFALPHA IN PATIENTS WITH SEPSIS AND CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS HAVE SHOWN CONTRASTING OUTCOMES. ALTHOUGH TNFALPHA INHIBITORS ARE WIDELY USED IN CLINICAL PRACTICE, THE IMPACT OF TNFALPHA ANTAGONISM ON WHITE BLOOD CELL GENE EXPRESSION PROFILES DURING ACUTE INFLAMMATION IN HUMANS IN VIVO HAS NOT BEEN ASSESSED. WE HERE LEVERAGED THE ESTABLISHED MODEL OF HUMAN ENDOTOXEMIA TO EXAMINE THE EFFECT OF THE TNFALPHA ANTAGONIST, ETANERCEPT, ON THE GENOME-WIDE TRANSCRIPTIONAL RESPONSES IN CIRCULATING LEUKOCYTES INDUCED BY INTRAVENOUS LPS ADMINISTRATION IN MALE SUBJECTS. ETANERCEPT PRE-TREATMENT RESULTED IN A MARKEDLY DAMPENED TRANSCRIPTIONAL RESPONSE TO LPS. GENE CO-EXPRESSION NETWORK ANALYSIS REVEALED THIS LPS-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTOME CAN BE CATEGORIZED AS TNFALPHA RESPONSIVE AND NON-RESPONSIVE MODULES. HIGHLY SIGNIFICANT TNFALPHA RESPONSIVE MODULES INCLUDE NF-KB SIGNALING, ANTIVIRAL RESPONSES AND T-CELL MEDIATED RESPONSES. WITHIN THESE TNFALPHA RESPONSIVE MODULES WE DELINEATE FUNDAMENTAL GENES INVOLVED IN EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, TRANSCRIPTIONAL INITIATION AND ELONGATION. THUS, WE PROVIDE COMPREHENSIVE INFORMATION ABOUT MOLECULAR PATHWAYS THAT MIGHT BE TARGETED BY THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS THAT SEEK TO INHIBIT TNFALPHA ACTIVITY DURING HUMAN INFLAMMATORY DISEASES.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
7   651  37 BISPHENOL A AND PHTHALATES MODULATE PERITONEAL MACROPHAGE FUNCTION IN FEMALE MICE INVOLVING SYMD2-H3K36 DIMETHYLATION. AMPLE EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO BISPHENOL A (BPA) AND PHTHALATE, TWO CHEMICALS WIDELY USED IN THE PLASTICS INDUSTRY, DISTURBS HOMEOSTASIS OF INNATE IMMUNITY AND CAUSES INFLAMMATORY DISEASES. HOWEVER, THE UNDERLYING MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF THESE TOXICANTS IN THE REGULATION OF MACROPHAGE INFLAMMATORY FUNCTIONS REMAIN POORLY UNDERSTOOD. IN THIS STUDY, WE ADDRESSED THE EFFECT OF CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO BPA OR PHTHALATE AT LEVELS RELEVANT TO HUMAN EXPOSURE, EITHER IN VITRO OR IN VIVO, ON THE INFLAMMATORY REPROGRAMING OF PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES. OUR STUDIES REVEALED THAT BPA AND PHTHALATES ADVERSELY AFFECTED EXPRESSION LEVELS OF THE PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AND MEDIATORS IN RESPONSE TO LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE STIMULATION. EXPOSURE TO THESE TOXICANTS ALSO AFFECTED GENE EXPRESSION OF SCAVENGER RECEPTORS AND PHAGOCYTIC CAPACITY OF PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES. OUR STUDIES REVEALED THAT THE EPIGENETIC INHIBITORS DIFFERENTIALLY MODULATED TARGET GENE EXPRESSION IN THESE CELLS. FURTHER ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT CERTAIN HISTONE MODIFICATION ENZYMES WERE ABERRANTLY EXPRESSED IN RESPONSE TO BPA OR PHTHALATE EXPOSURE, LEADING TO ALTERATION IN THE LEVELS OF H3K36 ACETYLATION AND DIMETHYLATION, TWO CHROMATIN MODIFICATIONS THAT ARE CRITICAL FOR TRANSCRIPTIONAL EFFICACY AND ACCURACY. OUR RESULTS FURTHER REVEALED THAT SILENCING OF H3K36-SPECIFIC METHYLTRANSFERASE SMYD2 EXPRESSION OR INHIBITION OF SMYD2 ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY ATTENUATED H3K36 DIMETHYLATION AND ENHANCED INTERLEUKIN-6 AND TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA EXPRESSION BUT DAMPENED THE PHAGOCYTIC CAPACITY OF PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES. IN SUMMARY, OUR RESULTS INDICATE THAT PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES ARE VULNERABLE TO BPA OR PHTHALATE AT LEVELS RELEVANT TO HUMAN EXPOSURE. THESE ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICANTS AFFECT PHENOTYPIC PROGRAMMING OF MACROPHAGES VIA EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS INVOLVING SMYD2-MEDIATED H3K36 MODIFICATION.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
8  5760  46 SOLUBLE URIC ACID PRIMES TLR-INDUCED PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE PRODUCTION BY HUMAN PRIMARY CELLS VIA INHIBITION OF IL-1RA. OBJECTIVES: THE STUDY OF THE PROINFLAMMATORY ROLE OF URIC ACID HAS FOCUSED ON THE EFFECTS OF ITS CRYSTALS OF MONOSODIUM URATE (MSU). HOWEVER, LITTLE IS KNOWN WHETHER URIC ACID ITSELF CAN DIRECTLY HAVE PROINFLAMMATORY EFFECTS. IN THIS STUDY, WE INVESTIGATE THE PRIMING EFFECTS OF URIC ACID EXPOSURE ON THE CYTOKINE PRODUCTION OF PRIMARY HUMAN CELLS UPON STIMULATION WITH GOUT-RELATED STIMULI. METHODS: PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS (PBMCS) WERE HARVESTED FROM PATIENTS WITH GOUT AND HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS. CELLS WERE PRETREATED WITH OR WITHOUT URIC ACID IN SOLUBLE FORM FOR 24 H AND THEN STIMULATED FOR 24 H WITH TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR (TLR)2 OR TLR4 LIGANDS IN THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF MSU CRYSTALS. CYTOKINE PRODUCTION WAS MEASURED BY ELISA; MRNA LEVELS WERE ASSESSED USING QPCR. RESULTS: THE PRODUCTION OF INTERLEUKIN (IL)-1BETA AND IL-6 WAS HIGHER IN PATIENTS COMPARED WITH CONTROLS AND THIS CORRELATED WITH SERUM URATE LEVELS. PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE PRODUCTION WAS SIGNIFICANTLY POTENTIATED WHEN CELLS FROM HEALTHY SUBJECTS WERE PRETREATED WITH URIC ACID. SURPRISINGLY, THIS WAS ASSOCIATED WITH A SIGNIFICANT DOWNREGULATION OF THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE IL-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST (IL-1RA). THIS EFFECT WAS SPECIFIC TO STIMULATION BY URIC ACID AND WAS EXERTED AT THE LEVEL OF GENE TRANSCRIPTION. EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING AT THE LEVEL OF HISTONE METHYLATION BY URIC ACID WAS INVOLVED IN THIS EFFECT. CONCLUSIONS: IN THIS STUDY WE DEMONSTRATE A MECHANISM THROUGH WHICH HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF URIC ACID (UP TO 50 MG/DL) INFLUENCE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES BY FACILITATING IL-1BETA PRODUCTION IN PBMCS. WE SHOW THAT A MECHANISM FOR THE AMPLIFICATION OF IL-1BETA CONSISTS IN THE DOWNREGULATION OF IL-1RA AND THAT THIS EFFECT COULD BE EXERTED VIA EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS SUCH AS HISTONE METHYLATION. HYPERURICAEMIA CAUSES A SHIFT IN THE IL-1BETA/IL-1RA BALANCE PRODUCED BY PBMCS AFTER EXPOSURE TO MSU CRYSTALS AND TLR-MEDIATED STIMULI, AND THIS PHENOMENON IS LIKELY TO REINFORCE THE ENHANCED STATE OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATION.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
9  5868  30 SUPPRESSIVE EFFECTS OF METFORMIN ON T-HELPER 1-RELATED CHEMOKINES EXPRESSION IN THE HUMAN MONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA CELL LINE THP-1. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS (DM) ARE CHRONIC T-CELL-MEDIATED INFLAMMATORY DISEASES. METFORMIN IS A WIDELY USED DRUG FOR TYPE 2 DM THAT REDUCES THE NEED FOR INSULIN IN TYPE 1 DM. HOWEVER, WHETHER METFORMIN HAS AN ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT FOR TREATING DM IS UNKNOWN. WE INVESTIGATED THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY MECHANISM OF METFORMIN IN THE HUMAN MONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA CELL LINE THP-1. MATERIALS AND METHODS: THE HUMAN MONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA CELL LINE THP-1 WAS PRETREATED WITH METFORMIN AND STIMULATED WITH LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE (LPS). THE PRODUCTION OF T-HELPER (TH)-1-RELATED CHEMOKINES INCLUDING INTERFERON-GAMMA-INDUCED PROTEIN-10 (IP-10) AND MONOCYTE CHEMOATTRACTANT PROTEIN-1 (MCP-1), TH2-RELATED CHEMOKINE MACROPHAGE-DERIVED CHEMOKINE, AND THE PROINFLAMMATORY CHEMOKINE TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA WAS MEASURED USING ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY. INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING PATHWAYS WERE INVESTIGATED USING WESTERN BLOT ANALYSIS AND CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ASSAY. RESULTS: METFORMIN SUPPRESSED LPS-INDUCED IP-10 AND MCP-1 PRODUCTION AS WELL AS LPS-INDUCED PHOSPHORYLATION OF C-JUN N-TERMINAL KINASE (JNK), P38, EXTRACELLULAR SIGNAL-REGULATED KINASE (ERK), AND NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B (NF-KAPPAB). MOREOVER, METFORMIN SUPPRESSED LPS-INDUCED ACETYLATION OF HISTONES H3 AND H4 AT THE IP-10 PROMOTER. CONCLUSIONS: METFORMIN SUPPRESSED THE PRODUCTION OF TH1-RELATED CHEMOKINES IP-10 AND MCP-1 IN THP-1 CELLS. SUPPRESSIVE EFFECTS OF METFORMIN ON IP-10 PRODUCTION MIGHT BE ATTRIBUTED AT LEAST PARTIALLY TO THE JNK, P38, ERK, AND NF-KAPPAB PATHWAYS AS WELL AS TO EPIGENETIC REGULATION THROUGH THE ACETYLATION OF HISTONES H3 AND H4. THESE RESULTS INDICATED THE THERAPEUTIC ANTI-INFLAMMATORY POTENTIAL OF METFORMIN.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
10  3553  48 IMMUNOTOLERANCE OF DAIRY HEIFERS IN RESPONSE TO REPEATED EXPOSURE TO BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE ENDOTOXIN. DAIRY CATTLE FACE A VARIETY OF STRESSFUL EVENTS ON A DAILY BASIS. MORE SPECIFICALLY, CLIMATE CHANGE HAS RESULTED IN MORE FREQUENT HEAT STRESS EVENTS THAT INCREASE THE INCIDENCE OF CHRONIC BACTERIAL INFECTIONS BY INDUCING CONDITIONS LIKE LEAKY GUT SYNDROME, WHEREBY THE INTEGRITY OF THE INTESTINAL EPITHELIUM IS COMPROMISED ALLOWING FOR LUMINAL BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE (LPS) ENDOTOXIN TO INFILTRATE THE HOST'S BLOODSTREAM RESULTING IN ACUTE OR CHRONIC SYSTEMIC STIMULATION OF THE INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM. REPEATED EXPOSURE TO LPS OVER A SHORT PERIOD OF TIME IS REPORTED TO INDUCE IMMUNOTOLERANCE WITHIN THE HOST. THIS LPS TOLERANCE IS AN ESSENTIAL IMMUNOHOMEOSTATIC RESPONSE THAT CAN PROTECT AGAINST OVER ACTIVATION OF THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE DURING SUBSEQUENT EXPOSURE TO LPS. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, HOLSTEIN CALVES (N = 20) WERE INITIALLY STRESS CHALLENGED WITH EITHER SALINE, OR 100, 200 OR 400 NG/KG OF LPS ADMINISTERED INTRAMUSCULAR, AND AGAIN RE-CHALLENGED WITH 200 NG/KG OF LPS 2-WEEKS LATER. SERUM WAS COLLECTED EVERY 2 HR FOR 6 HR TO PROFILE CHANGES IN CIRCULATORY STRESS BIOMARKERS AFTER THE REPEATED LPS EXPOSURES. HEIFERS THAT WERE INITIALLY CHALLENGED WITH 100, 200 AND 400 NG/KG OF LPS DEMONSTRATED SIGNIFICANTLY ATTENUATED CORTISOL RESPONSES IN THE SECOND CHALLENGE (P < 0.01, 0.01 AND 0.05, RESPECTIVELY), WHEREAS CONTROL ANIMALS WHO PREVIOUSLY RECEIVED SALINE DEMONSTRATED A STRONG CORTISOL RESPONSE AT 2 HR AFTER RECEIVING 200 NG/KG OF LPS (P < 0.05). THE CYTOKINE/CHEMOKINE (IL-6, CCL2, CCL3 AND CCL4) RESPONSES WERE ALSO ATTENUATED DURING THE LPS RECHALLENGE (P < 0.05). FINALLY, MICRORNA EXPRESSION PROFILES WERE DETERMINED TO ASSESS THE EPIGENETIC RESPONSE TO REPEATED LPS EXPOSURE. INTERESTINGLY, MIR-31 AND MIR-223 WERE DOWNREGULATED IN RESPONSE TO THE SECOND LPS CHALLENGE. THE PRESENT STUDY DEMONSTRATES THE DYNAMIC NATURE OF THE STRESS RESPONSE IN DAIRY CATTLE AS IT RELATES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF LPS TOLERANCE. UNDERSTANDING THE ROLES OF VARIOUS STRESS BIOMARKERS IN THE CONTEXT OF INNATE IMMUNE CELL TOLERANCE IS ESSENTIAL FOR EVALUATING THEIR IMPACT ON IMMUNE SYSTEM HOMEOSTASIS.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
11  3953  33 LOCUS-SPECIFIC REVERSIBLE DNA METHYLATION REGULATES TRANSIENT IL-10 EXPRESSION IN TH1 CELLS. IL-10 IS A PLEIOTROPIC CYTOKINE WITH MULTIFACETED FUNCTIONS IN ESTABLISHING IMMUNE HOMEOSTASIS. ALTHOUGH EXPRESSED BY TH1 AND TH2 CELLS, CONVENTIONAL TH1 CELLS PRODUCE MARGINAL LEVELS OF IL-10 COMPARED WITH THEIR TH2 COUNTERPARTS. IN THIS STUDY, WE INVESTIGATED THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS OF IL-10 GENE EXPRESSION IN TH1 CELLS. BIOINFORMATICS EMBOSS CPG PLOT ANALYSIS AND BISULFITE PYROSEQUENCING REVEALED THREE CPG DNA METHYLATION SITES IN THE IL-10 GENE LOCUS. PROGRESSIVE DNA METHYLATION AT ALL OF THE CPG REGIONS OF INTEREST (ROIS) ESTABLISHED A REPRESSIVE PROGRAM OF IL-10 GENE EXPRESSION IN TH1 CELLS. INTERESTINGLY, TH1 CELLS TREATED WITH IL-12 AND IL-27 CYTOKINES, THEREBY MIMICKING A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY CONDITION IN VIVO, DISPLAYED A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN IL-10 PRODUCTION THAT WAS ACCOMPANIED BY SELECTIVE DNA DEMETHYLATION AT ROI 3 LOCATED IN INTRON 3. IL-10-PRODUCING T CELLS ISOLATED FROM LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS-INFECTED MICE ALSO SHOWED ENHANCED DNA DEMETHYLATION AT ROI 3. BINDING OF STAT1 AND STAT3 TO DEMETHYLATED ROI 3 ENHANCED IL-10 EXPRESSION IN AN IL-12/IL-27-DEPENDENT MANNER. ACCORDINGLY, CD4(+) T CELLS ISOLATED FROM STAT1- OR STAT3-KNOCKOUT MICE WERE SIGNIFICANTLY DEFECTIVE IN IL-10 PRODUCTION. OUR DATA SUGGEST THAT, ALTHOUGH STABLY MAINTAINED DNA METHYLATION AT THE PROMOTER MAY REPRESS IL-10 EXPRESSION IN TH1 CELLS, LOCUS-SPECIFIC REVERSIBLE DNA DEMETHYLATION MAY SERVE AS A THRESHOLD PLATFORM TO CONTROL TRANSIENT IL-10 GENE EXPRESSION.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
12  4303  29 MICRORNA-223 INHIBITS TISSUE FACTOR EXPRESSION IN VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS. OBJECTIVE: ATHEROSCLEROSIS IS A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY PROCESS, IN WHICH VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS (ECS) BECOME DYSFUNCTIONAL OWING TO THE EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES, SUCH AS INFLAMMATORY FACTOR AND GROWTH FACTORS. TISSUE FACTOR (TF) EXPRESSION IS INDUCED BY THE ABOVE CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES IN ACTIVATED ECS. TF INITIATES THROMBOSIS ON DISRUPTED ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES WHICH PLAYS AN ESSENTIAL ROLE DURING THE ONSET OF ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES (ACS). INCREASING EVIDENCES SUGGEST THE IMPORTANT ROLE OF MICRORNAS AS EPIGENETIC REGULATORS OF ATHEROSCLEROTIC DISEASE. THE AIM OF OUR STUDY IS TO IDENTIFY IF MICRORNA-223 (MIR-223) TARGETS TF IN ECS. METHODS AND RESULTS: BIOINFORMATIC ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT TF IS A TARGET CANDIDATE OF MIR-223. WESTERN BLOTTING ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA (TNF-ALPHA) INCREASED TF EXPRESSION IN AORTA OF C57BL/6J MICE AND CULTURED ECS (EA.HY926 CELLS AND HUVEC) AFTER 4 H TREATMENT. IN TNF-ALPHA TREATED ECS, TF MRNA WAS ALSO INCREASED MEASURED BY REAL-TIME PCR. REAL-TIME PCR RESULTS SHOWED THAT MIR-223 LEVELS WERE DOWNREGULATED IN TNF-ALPHA-TREATED AORTA OF C57BL/6J MICE AND CULTURED ECS. TRANSFECTION OF ECS WITH MIR-223 MIMIC OR MIR-223 INHIBITOR MODIFIED TF EXPRESSION BOTH IN MRNA AND PROTEIN LEVELS. LUCIFERASE ASSAYS CONFIRMED THAT MIR-223 SUPPRESSED TF EXPRESSION BY BINDING TO THE SEQUENCE OF TF 3'-UNTRANSLATED REGIONS (3'UTR). TF PROCOAGULANT ACTIVITY WAS INHIBITED BY OVEREXPRESSING MIR-223 WITH OR WITHOUT TNF-ALPHA STIMULATION. CONCLUSIONS: MIR-223-MEDIATED SUPPRESSION OF TF EXPRESSION PROVIDES A NOVEL MOLECULAR MECHANISM FOR THE REGULATION OF COAGULATION CASCADE, AND SUGGESTS A CLUE AGAINST THROMBOGENESIS DURING THE PROCESS OF ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUE RUPTURE.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
13  5479  26 RESVERATROL ATTENUATES CIGARETTE SMOKE EXTRACT INDUCED CELLULAR SENESCENCE IN HUMAN AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS BY REGULATING THE MIR-34A/SIRT1/NF-KAPPAB PATHWAY. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) IS CHARACTERIZED BY ACCELERATED LUNG AGING. SMOKING IS THE CRITICAL RISK FACTOR FOR COPD. CELLULAR SENESCENCE OF AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS IS THE CYTOLOGICAL BASIS OF ACCELERATED LUNG AGING IN COPD, AND THE REGULATION OF MICRORNAS (MIRNAS) IS THE CENTRAL EPIGENETIC MECHANISM OF CELLULAR SENESCENCE. RESVERATROL (RES) IS A POLYPHENOL WITH ANTI-AGING PROPERTIES. THIS STUDY INVESTIGATED WHETHER RES ATTENUATES CIGARETTE SMOKE EXTRACT (CSE)-INDUCED CELLULAR SENESCENCE IN HUMAN AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS (BEAS-2B) THROUGH THE MIR-34A/SIRT1/NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPAB (NF-KAPPAB) PATHWAY. BEAS-2B CELLS WERE TREATED WITH RES, CSE AND TRANSFECTED WITH MIR-34A-5P MIMICS. CELLULAR SENESCENCE WAS EVALUATED BY SENESCENCE -RELATED BETA-GALACTOSIDASE (SA-BETA-GAL) STAINING AND EXPRESSION OF SENESCENCE-RELATED GENES (P16, P21, AND P53). THE EXPRESSIONS OF MIR-34A-5P, SIRT1, AND NF-KAPPAB P65 WERE EXAMINED USING QUANTITATIVE REAL TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION AND WESTERN BLOTTING. THE SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED SECRETORY PHENOTYPE (SASP) CYTOKINES (IL-1BETA, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-ALPHA) WERE ASSESSED BY ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY. THE BINDING BETWEEN MIR-34A-5P AND SIRT1 WAS CONFIRMED BY DUAL-LUCIFERASE REPORTER ASSAY. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT CSE DOSE-DEPENDENTLY DECREASED CELL VIABILITY AND ELEVATED CELLULAR SENESCENCE, CHARACTERIZED BY INCREASED SA-BETA-GAL STAINING AND SENESCENCE-RELATED GENE EXPRESSIONS (P16, P21, AND P53). FURTHER, CSE DOSE-DEPENDENTLY INCREASED THE EXPRESSION OF MIR-34A-5P AND SASP CYTOKINES (IL-1BETA, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-ALPHA) IN BEAS-2B CELLS. PRETREATMENT WITH RES INHIBITED CSE-INDUCED CELLULAR SENESCENCE AND SECRETION OF SASP CYTOKINES (IL-1BETA, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-ALPHA) IN A DOSE-DEPENDENT MANNER. MOREOVER, RES REVERSED THE CSE-INDUCED DOWN-REGULATION OF SIRT1 AND UP-REGULATION OF MIR-34A-5P AND NF-KAPPAB P65. SIRT1 IS A TARGET OF MIR-34A-5P. OVEREXPRESSION OF MIR-34A-5P VIA TRANSFECTION WITH MIR-34A-5P MIMIC IN BEAS-2B CELLS ATTENUATED THE INHIBITORY EFFECT OF RES ON CELLULAR SENESCENCE, ACCOMPANIED BY REVERSING THE EXPRESSION OF SIRT1 AND NF-KAPPAB P65. IN CONCLUSION, RES ATTENUATED CSE-INDUCED CELLULAR SENESCENCE IN BEAS-2B CELLS BY REGULATING THE MIR-34A/SIRT1/NF-KAPPAB PATHWAY, WHICH MAY PROVIDE A NEW APPROACH FOR COPD TREATMENT.	2022	

14  1667  31 DOWNREGULATION OF PCAF BY MIR-181A/B PROVIDES FEEDBACK REGULATION TO TNF-ALPHA-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION OF PROINFLAMMATORY GENES IN LIVER EPITHELIAL CELLS. ABERRANT CELLULAR RESPONSES TO PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES, SUCH AS TNF-ALPHA, ARE PATHOGENIC FEATURES IN MOST CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES. A VARIETY OF EXTRACELLULAR AND INTRACELLULAR FEEDBACK PATHWAYS HAS EVOLVED TO PREVENT AN INAPPROPRIATE CELLULAR REACTION TO THESE PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES. IN THIS STUDY, WE REPORT THAT TNF-ALPHA TREATMENT OF HUMAN AND MOUSE CHOLANGIOCYTES AND HEPATOCYTES DOWNREGULATED EXPRESSION OF P300/CBP-ASSOCIATED FACTOR (PCAF), A COACTIVATOR AND AN ACETYLTRANSFERASE THAT PROMOTES HISTONE ACETYLATION AND GENE TRANSCRIPTION. OF THESE UPREGULATED MICRORNAS IN TNF-ALPHA-TREATED CELLS, MIR-181A/B (MIR-181A AND MIR-181B) SUPPRESSED TRANSLATION OF PCAF MRNA. FUNCTIONAL MANIPULATION OF MIR-181A/B CAUSED RECIPROCAL ALTERATIONS IN PCAF PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN CULTURED CHOLANGIOCYTES AND HEPATOCYTES. INHIBITION OF MIR-181A/B FUNCTION WITH ANTI-MIRS BLOCKED TNF-ALPHA-INDUCED SUPPRESSION OF PCAF EXPRESSION. PROMOTER RECRUITMENT OF PCAF WAS SHOWN TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH TNF-ALPHA-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION OF INFLAMMATORY GENES. INTRIGUINGLY, PRETREATMENT OF CELLS WITH TNF-ALPHA INHIBITED TRANSCRIPTION OF INFLAMMATORY GENES IN RESPONSE TO SUBSEQUENT TNF-ALPHA STIMULATION. OVEREXPRESSION OF PCAF OR INHIBITION OF MIR-181A/B FUNCTION WITH ANTI-MIRS ATTENUATED THE INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF TNF-ALPHA PRETREATMENT ON EPITHELIAL INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE TO SUBSEQUENT TNF-ALPHA STIMULATION. DOWNREGULATION OF PCAF AND THE INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF TNF-ALPHA PRETREATMENT ON LIVER EPITHELIAL INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE WERE FURTHER CONFIRMED IN A MOUSE MODEL OF TNF-ALPHA I.P. INJECTION. THESE DATA SUGGEST THAT PCAF IS A TARGET FOR MIR-181A/B, AND DOWNREGULATION OF PCAF BY TNF-ALPHA PROVIDES NEGATIVE FEEDBACK REGULATION TO INFLAMMATORY REACTIONS IN LIVER EPITHELIAL CELLS, A PROCESS THAT MAY BE RELEVANT TO THE EPIGENETIC FINE-TUNING OF EPITHELIAL INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES IN GENERAL.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
15  4081  40 MATERNAL MICRONUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTATION SUPPRESSES T CELL CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR EXPRESSION AND FUNCTION IN F1 MICE. PRENATAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES PLAY A CRITICAL ROLE IN DETERMINING LATE-LIFE CHRONIC DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY. HOWEVER, THE MECHANISMS LINKING THE IN UTERO ENVIRONMENT AND DISEASE DEVELOPMENT IN THE OFFSPRING ARE POORLY UNDERSTOOD. RECENT INVESTIGATIONS HAVE CONFIRMED A CENTRAL PATHOGENIC ROLE OF T CELL CHEMOKINE RECEPTORS, PARTICULARLY C-C CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR (CCR) 2 AND CCR5, IN CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS. THIS STUDY WAS DESIGNED TO DETERMINE THE EFFECT OF A SYNTHETIC PRENATAL MICRONUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTATION (MS) DIET RICH IN METHIONINE PATHWAY METABOLITES ON THE T CELL CHEMOKINE SYSTEM IN F1 C57BL/6 MICE. FEMALE MICE WERE FED EITHER AN MS OR CONTROL DIET 3 WK PRIOR TO MATING, DURING PREGNANCY, AND LACTATION. AT 4 WK OF AGE, F1 MICE WERE KILLED FOR EXPERIMENTS OR WERE FED THE STANDARD NIH-31 DIET AND ALLOWED TO AGE. FOOD CONSUMPTION, MATERNAL WEIGHT GAIN, AND LITTER SIZE WERE SIMILAR IN DAMS FED THE CONTROL AND MS DIETS. HOWEVER, THE F1 OFFSPRING OF DAMS FED THE MS DIET WERE SMALLER IN SIZE (P < 0.001). T CELLS FROM THE MS F1 OFFSPRING HAD GLOBAL HYPERMETHYLATION COMPARED WITH CONTROL F1 OFFSPRING (P < 0.005), CORRESPONDING TO LOWER T CELL CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR EXPRESSION [CCR2 (P < 0.001), CCR5 (P < 0.001), AND C-X-C CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR 3 (P < 0.01)] AND CYTOKINE EXPRESSION [TNFALPHA (P < 0.05), IL-2 (P < 0.001), AND IL-4 (P < 0.01)]. REDUCED T CELL CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR GENE EXPRESSION IN MS F1 MICE WAS ASSOCIATED WITH DECREASED CHEMOTAXIS IN VITRO TO C-C CHEMOKINE LIGAND (CCL) 2 AND C-X-C CHEMOKINE LIGAND 10 (P < 0.01) AND IN VIVO TO CCL2 (P < 0.01). TAKEN TOGETHER, THE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT EPIGENETIC ALTERATION THROUGH PRENATAL DIET MANIPULATION REDUCES THE RESPONSE TO PROINFLAMMATORY SIGNALS IN MICE.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
16  6111  24 THE EPIGENETIC ARCHITECTURE AT GENE PROMOTERS DETERMINES CELL TYPE-SPECIFIC LPS TOLERANCE. SYNOVIAL FIBROBLASTS (SF) DRIVE INFLAMMATION AND JOINT DESTRUCTION IN CHRONIC ARTHRITIS. HERE WE SHOW THAT SF POSSESS A DISTINCT TYPE OF LPS TOLERANCE COMPARED TO MACROPHAGES AND OTHER TYPES OF FIBROBLASTS. IN SF AND DERMAL FIBROBLASTS, GENES THAT WERE NON-TOLERIZABLE AFTER REPEATED LPS STIMULATION INCLUDED PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES, CHEMOKINES AND MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES, WHEREAS ANTI-VIRAL GENES WERE TOLERIZABLE. IN MACROPHAGES, ALL MEASURED GENES WERE TOLERIZABLE, WHEREAS IN GINGIVAL AND FORESKIN FIBROBLASTS THESE GENES WERE NON-TOLERIZABLE. REPEATED STIMULATION OF SF WITH LPS RESULTED IN LOSS OF ACTIVATING HISTONE MARKS ONLY IN PROMOTERS OF TOLERIZABLE GENES. THE EPIGENETIC LANDSCAPE AT PROMOTERS OF TOLERIZABLE GENES WAS SIMILAR IN UNSTIMULATED SF AND MONOCYTES, WHEREAS THE BASAL CONFIGURATION OF HISTONE MARKS PROFOUNDLY DIFFERED IN GENES THAT WERE NON-TOLERIZABLE IN SF ONLY. OUR DATA SUGGEST THAT THE EPIGENETIC CONFIGURATION AT GENE PROMOTERS REGULATES CELL-SPECIFIC LPS-INDUCED RESPONSES AND PRIMES SF TO SUSTAIN THEIR INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IN CHRONIC ARTHRITIS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
17  1906  30 ENHANCER OF ZESTE HOMOLOG 2-CATALYSED H3K27 TRIMETHYLATION PLAYS A KEY ROLE IN ACUTE-ON-CHRONIC LIVER FAILURE VIA TNF-MEDIATED PATHWAY. ACUTE-ON-CHRONIC LIVER FAILURE IS MAINLY DUE TO HOST IMMUNITY SELF-DESTRUCTION. THE HISTONE H3 LYSINE 27 (H3K27) TRIMETHYLATING ENZYME, ENHANCER OF ZESTE HOMOLOG 2 (EZH2) MEDIATES EPIGENETIC SILENCING OF GENE EXPRESSION AND REGULATES IMMUNITY, ALSO INVOLVES PATHOGENESIS OF SEVERAL LIVER DISEASES. THE CURRENT STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE THE ROLE OF METHYLTRANSFERASE EZH2 AND ITS CATALYSED H3K27 TRIMETHYLATION (H3K27ME3) IN LIVER FAILURE, AND TO FURTHER INVESTIGATE THE POTENTIAL TARGET FOR LIVER FAILURE TREATMENT. EZH2 AND ITS CATALYSED H3K27ME3 WERE DETERMINED IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS (PBMC) FROM LIVER FAILURE PATIENTS AND KUPFFER CELLS FROM EXPERIMENTAL MICE. FURTHERMORE, GSK126 (AN INHIBITOR FOR EZH2 TRIMETHYLATION FUNCTION) WAS APPLIED IN LIVER FAILURE MICE IN VIVO, AND LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-STIMULATED MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO. EZH2 AND H3K27ME3 WERE SIGNIFICANTLY UPREGULATED IN HUMAN PBMC FROM LIVER FAILURE PATIENTS OR MURINE KUPFFER CELLS FROM THE LIVER FAILURE ANIMALS, RESPECTIVELY. GSK126 AMELIORATED DISEASE SEVERITY IN LIVER FAILURE MICE, WHICH MAYBE ATTRIBUTE TO DOWN-REGULATE CIRCULATING AND HEPATIC PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES, ESPECIALLY TNF VIA REDUCING H3K27ME3. IN-DEPTH CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ANALYSIS UNRAVELLED THAT DECREASED ENRICHMENT OF H3K27ME3 ON TNF PROMOTOR, RESULTING IN TNF ELEVATION IN KUPFFER CELLS FROM LIVER FAILURE MICE. NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPA B (NF-KAPPAB) AND PROTEIN KINASE B (AKT) SIGNALLING PATHWAYS WERE ACTIVATED UPON LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE STIMULATION, BUT ATTENUATED BY USING GSK126, ACCOMPANIED WITH DECREASED TNF IN VITRO. IN CONCLUSION, EZH2 AND H3K27ME3 CONTRIBUTED TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF LIVER FAILURE VIA TRIGGERING TNF AND OTHER INDISPENSABLE PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES. EZH2 WAS TO MODIFY H3K27ME3 ENRICHMENT, AS WELL AS, ACTIVATION OF THE DOWNSTREAM NF-KAPPAB AND AKT SIGNALLING PATHWAYS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
18  3760  26 INTEGRATED SINGLE CELL ANALYSIS SHOWS CHRONIC ALCOHOL DRINKING DISRUPTS MONOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION IN THE BONE MARROW. CHRONIC HEAVY ALCOHOL DRINKING (CHD) REWIRES MONOCYTES AND MACROPHAGES TOWARD HEIGHTENED INFLAMMATORY STATES WITH COMPROMISED ANTIMICROBIAL DEFENSES THAT PERSIST AFTER 1-MONTH ABSTINENCE. TO DETERMINE WHETHER THESE CHANGES ARE MEDIATED THROUGH ALTERATIONS IN THE BONE MARROW NICHE, WE PROFILED MONOCYTES AND HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL PROGENITORS (HSCPS) FROM CHD RHESUS MACAQUES USING A COMBINATION OF FUNCTIONAL ASSAYS AND SINGLE CELL GENOMICS. CHD RESULTED IN TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROFILES CONSISTENT WITH INCREASED ACTIVATION AND INFLAMMATION WITHIN BONE MARROW RESIDENT MONOCYTES AND MACROPHAGES. FURTHERMORE, CHD RESULTED IN TRANSCRIPTIONAL SIGNATURES ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED OXIDATIVE AND CELLULAR STRESS IN HSCP. DIFFERENTIATION OF HSCP IN VITRO REVEALED SKEWING TOWARD MONOCYTES EXPRESSING "NEUTROPHIL-LIKE" MARKERS WITH GREATER INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES TO BACTERIAL AGONISTS. FURTHER ANALYSES OF HSCPS SHOWED BROAD EPIGENETIC CHANGES THAT WERE IN LINE WITH EXACERBATED INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES WITHIN MONOCYTES AND THEIR PROGENITORS. IN SUMMARY, CHD ALTERS HSCPS IN THE BONE MARROW LEADING TO THE PRODUCTION OF MONOCYTES POISED TO GENERATE DYSREGULATED HYPER-INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
19  5227  28 PRMT6 MEDIATES INFLAMMATION VIA ACTIVATION OF THE NF-KAPPAB/P65 PATHWAY ON A CIGARETTE SMOKE EXTRACT-INDUCED MURINE EMPHYSEMA MODEL. INTRODUCTION: SMOKE-DRIVEN LUNG INFLAMMATION IS CONSIDERED TO BE THE MAJOR PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MECHANISM OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD)/EMPHYSEMA. PROTEIN ARGININE METHYLTRANSFERASE 6 (PRMT6) IS A KEY EPIGENETIC ENZYME, WHICH IS RELATED TO PROTECTING THE TRI-METHYLATION OF H3K4 (H3K4ME3). WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT PTMT6 PROTECTS LUNG INFLAMMATION THROUGH THE NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPA B (NF-KAPPAB) PATHWAY. METHODS: MICE WERE INJECTED WITH CIGARETTE SMOKE EXTRACT (CSE) OR PBS TO ESTABLISH A MICE MODEL, INTRATRACHEALLY INSTILLED WITH OVEREXPRESSED PRMT6 OR NEGATIVE CONTROL VECTOR. MORPHOMETRY OF LUNG SLIDES AND LUNG FUNCTION WERE MEASURED. WE DETERMINED THE PROTEIN EXPRESSION OF PRMT6 AND ITS RELATED HISTONE TARGETS, THE ACTIVATION OF NF-KAPPAB PATHWAY, THE LEVEL OF TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA (TNFALPHA) AND INTERLEUKIN-1BETA (IL-1BETA). RESULTS: AFTER PRMT6 OVEREXPRESSION, THE MORPHOMETRY INDEXES AND LUNG FUNCTION WERE IMPROVED. ALSO, THE EXPRESSION OF H3K4ME3 WAS DECREASED. OVEREXPRESSED PRMT6 COULD SUPPRESS CSE-INDUCED NF-KAPPAB ACTIVATION AND PRO-INFLAMMATION GENES EXPRESSION. CONCLUSIONS: THE OVEREXPRESSED PRMT6 COULD SERVE AS AN INFLAMMATION INHIBITOR, POTENTIALLY THROUGH BLOCKING THE NF-KAPPAB/P65 PATHWAY IN THE MURINE EMPHYSEMA MODEL.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
20  1826  35 EFFECTS OF HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR ON EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PRODUCTION IN HUMAN NASAL POLYP ORGAN CULTURES. BACKGROUND: NASAL POLYPOSIS IS ASSOCIATED WITH A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY CONDITION OF THE SINONASAL MUCOSA AND INVOLVES MYOFIBROBLAST DIFFERENTIATION AND EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX (ECM) ACCUMULATION. EPIGENETIC MODULATION BY HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC) INHIBITORS INCLUDING TRICHOSTATIN A (TSA) HAS BEEN REPORTED TO HAVE INHIBITORY EFFECTS ON MYOFIBROBLAST DIFFERENTIATION IN LUNG AND RENAL FIBROBLASTS. THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE INHIBITORY EFFECT OF TSA ON MYOFIBROBLAST DIFFERENTIATION AND ECM PRODUCTION IN NASAL POLYP ORGAN CULTURES. METHODS: NASAL POLYP TISSUES FROM 18 PATIENTS WERE ACQUIRED DURING ENDOSCOPIC SINUS SURGERY. AFTER ORGAN CULTURE, NASAL POLYPS WERE STIMULATED WITH TGF-BETA1 AND THEN TREATED WITH TSA. ALPHA-SMOOTH MUSCLE ACTIN (ALPHA-SMA), FIBRONECTIN, AND COLLAGEN TYPE I EXPRESSION LEVELS WERE EXAMINED BY REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR), REAL-TIME PCR, WESTERN BLOT, AND IMMUNOFLUORESCENT STAINING. HDAC2, HDAC4, AND ACETYLATED H4 EXPRESSION LEVELS WERE ASSAYED BY WESTERN BLOT. CYTOTOXICITY WAS ANALYZED BY THE TERMINAL DEOXYNUCLEOTIDYL TRANSFERASE BIOTIN-DUTP NICK END LABELING ASSAY. RESULTS: THE EXPRESSION LEVELS OF ALPHA-SMA, FIBRONECTIN, AND COLLAGEN TYPE 1 WERE INCREASED IN NASAL POLYP AFTER TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR (TGF) BETA1 TREATMENT. TSA-INHIBITED TGF-BETA1 INDUCED THESE GENE AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION LEVELS. FURTHERMORE, TSA SUPPRESSED PROTEIN EXPRESSION LEVELS OF HDAC2 AND HDAC4. HOWEVER, TSA INDUCED HYPERACETYLATION OF HISTONES H4. TREATMENT WITH TGF-BETA1 WITH OR WITHOUT TSA DID NOT HAVE CYTOTOXIC EFFECT. CONCLUSION: THESE FINDINGS PROVIDE NOVEL INSIGHTS INTO THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION IN MYOFIBROBLAST DIFFERENTIATION AND ECM PRODUCTION OF NASAL POLYP. TSA COULD BE A CANDIDATE OF A THERAPEUTIC AGENT FOR REVERSING THE TGF-BETA1-INDUCED ECM SYNTHESIS THAT LEADS TO NASAL POLYP DEVELOPMENT.	2013