1  4337 125 MICROTUBULES AS MAJOR REGULATORS OF ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION: IMPLICATION FOR LUNG INJURY. ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION HAS BEEN ATTRIBUTED AS ONE OF THE MAJOR COMPLICATIONS IN COVID-19 PATIENTS, A GLOBAL PANDEMIC THAT HAS ALREADY CAUSED OVER 4 MILLION DEATHS WORLDWIDE. THE DYSFUNCTION OF ENDOTHELIAL BARRIER IS CHARACTERIZED BY AN INCREASE IN ENDOTHELIAL PERMEABILITY AND INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES, AND HAS EVEN BROADER IMPLICATIONS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROMES SUCH AS ARDS, SEPSIS AND CHRONIC ILLNESSES REPRESENTED BY PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION AND INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE. THE STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY OF ENDOTHELIAL BARRIER IS MAINTAINED BY CYTOSKELETON ELEMENTS, CELL-SUBSTRATE FOCAL ADHESION AND ADHESIVE CELL JUNCTIONS. AGONIST-MEDIATED CHANGES IN ENDOTHELIAL PERMEABILITY ARE DIRECTLY ASSOCIATED WITH REORGANIZATION OF ACTOMYOSIN CYTOSKELETON LEADING TO CELL CONTRACTION AND OPENING OF INTERCELLULAR GAPS OR ENHANCEMENT OF CORTICAL ACTIN CYTOSKELETON ASSOCIATED WITH STRENGTHENING OF ENDOTHELIAL BARRIER. THE ROLE OF ACTIN CYTOSKELETON REMODELING IN ENDOTHELIAL BARRIER REGULATION HAS TAKEN THE CENTRAL STAGE, BUT THE IMPACT OF MICROTUBULES IN THIS PROCESS REMAINS LESS EXPLORED AND UNDER-APPRECIATED. THIS REVIEW WILL SUMMARIZE THE CURRENT KNOWLEDGE ON THE CROSSTALK BETWEEN MICROTUBULES DYNAMICS AND ACTIN CYTOSKELETON REMODELING, DESCRIBE THE SIGNALING MECHANISMS MEDIATING THIS CROSSTALK, DISCUSS EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF MICROTUBULES STABILITY AND ITS NEXUS WITH ENDOTHELIAL BARRIER MAINTENANCE, AND OVERVIEW A ROLE OF MICROTUBULES IN TARGETED DELIVERY OF SIGNALING MOLECULES REGULATING ENDOTHELIAL PERMEABILITY AND INFLAMMATION.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
2  4180  29 MERCURY EXPOSURE INDUCES CYTOSKELETON DISRUPTION AND LOSS OF RENAL FUNCTION THROUGH EPIGENETIC MODULATION OF MMP9 EXPRESSION. MERCURY IS ONE OF THE MAJOR HEAVY METAL POLLUTANTS OCCURRING IN ELEMENTAL, INORGANIC AND ORGANIC FORMS. DUE TO BAN ON MOST INORGANIC MERCURY CONTAINING PRODUCTS, HUMAN EXPOSURE TO MERCURY GENERALLY OCCURS AS METHYLMERCURY (MEHG) BY CONSUMPTION OF CONTAMINATED FISH AND OTHER SEA FOOD. ANIMAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES INDICATE THAT MEHG AFFECTS NEURAL AND RENAL FUNCTION. OUR STUDY IS FOCUSED ON NEPHROTOXIC POTENTIAL OF MEHG. IN THIS STUDY, WE HAVE SHOWN FOR THE FIRST TIME HOW MEHG COULD EPIGENETICALLY MODULATE MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE 9(MMP9) TO PROMOTE NEPHROTOXICITY USING AN ANIMAL MODEL OF SUB CHRONIC MEHG EXPOSURE. MEHG CAUSED RENAL TOXICITY AS WAS SEEN BY INCREASED LEVELS OF SERUM CREATININE AND EXPRESSION OF EARLY NEPHROTOXICITY MARKERS (KIM-1, CLUSTERIN, IP-10, AND TIMP). MEHG EXPOSURE ALSO CORRELATED STRONGLY WITH INDUCTION OF MMP9 MRNA AND PROTEIN IN A DOSE DEPENDENT MANNER. FURTHER, WHILE INDUCTION OF MMP9 PROMOTED CYTOSKELETON DISRUPTION AND LOSS OF CELL-CELL ADHESION (LOSS OF F-ACTIN, VIMENTIN AND FIBRONECTIN), INHIBITION OF MMP9 WAS FOUND TO REDUCE THESE DISRUPTIONS. MECHANISTIC STUDIES BY CHIP ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT MEHG MODULATED MMP9 BY PROMOTING DEMETHYLATION OF ITS REGULATORY REGION TO INCREASE ITS EXPRESSION. BISULFITE SEQUENCING IDENTIFIED CRITICAL CPGS IN THE FIRST EXON OF MMP9 WHICH WERE DEMETHYLATED FOLLOWING MEHG EXPOSURE. CHIP STUDIES ALSO SHOWED LOSS OF METHYL BINDING PROTEIN, MECP2 AND TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR PEA3 AT THE DEMETHYLATED SITE CONFIRMING DECREASED CPG METHYLATION. OUR STUDIES THUS SHOW HOW MEHG COULD EPIGENETICALLY MODULATE MMP9 TO PROMOTE CYTOSKELETON DISRUPTION LEADING TO LOSS OF RENAL FUNCTION.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
3  4603  25 NEGATIVE ALLOSTERIC MODULATION OF MGLUR5 PARTIALLY CORRECTS PATHOPHYSIOLOGY IN A MOUSE MODEL OF RETT SYNDROME. RETT SYNDROME (RTT) IS CAUSED BY MUTATIONS IN THE GENE ENCODING METHYL-CPG BINDING PROTEIN 2 (MECP2), AN EPIGENETIC REGULATOR OF MRNA TRANSCRIPTION. HERE, WE REPORT A TEST OF THE HYPOTHESIS OF SHARED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF RTT AND FRAGILE X, ANOTHER MONOGENIC CAUSE OF AUTISM AND INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. IN FRAGILE X, THE LOSS OF THE MRNA TRANSLATIONAL REPRESSOR FMRP LEADS TO EXAGGERATED PROTEIN SYNTHESIS DOWNSTREAM OF METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR 5 (MGLUR5). WE FOUND THAT MGLUR5- AND PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS-DEPENDENT SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY WERE SIMILARLY ALTERED IN AREA CA1 OF MECP2 KO MICE. CA1 PYRAMIDAL CELL-TYPE-SPECIFIC, GENOME-WIDE PROFILING OF RIBOSOME-BOUND MRNAS WAS PERFORMED IN WILD-TYPE AND MECP2 KO HIPPOCAMPAL CA1 NEURONS TO REVEAL THE MECP2-REGULATED "TRANSLATOME." WE FOUND SIGNIFICANT OVERLAP BETWEEN RIBOSOME-BOUND TRANSCRIPTS OVEREXPRESSED IN THE MECP2 KO AND FMRP MRNA TARGETS. THESE TENDED TO ENCODE LONG GENES THAT WERE FUNCTIONALLY RELATED TO EITHER CYTOSKELETON ORGANIZATION OR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEURONAL CONNECTIVITY. IN THE FMR1 KO MOUSE, CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH MGLUR5-NEGATIVE ALLOSTERIC MODULATORS (NAMS) HAS BEEN SHOWN TO AMELIORATE MANY MUTANT PHENOTYPES BY CORRECTING EXCESSIVE PROTEIN SYNTHESIS. IN MECP2 KO MICE, WE FOUND THAT MGLUR5 NAM TREATMENT SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED THE LEVEL OF OVEREXPRESSED RIBOSOME-ASSOCIATED TRANSCRIPTS, PARTICULARLY THOSE THAT WERE ALSO FMRP TARGETS. SOME RETT PHENOTYPES WERE ALSO AMELIORATED BY TREATMENT, MOST NOTABLY HIPPOCAMPAL CELL SIZE AND LIFESPAN. TOGETHER, THESE RESULTS SUGGEST A POTENTIAL MECHANISTIC LINK BETWEEN MECP2-MEDIATED TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION AND MGLUR5/FMRP-MEDIATED PROTEIN TRANSLATION REGULATION THROUGH COREGULATION OF A SUBSET OF GENES RELEVANT TO SYNAPTIC FUNCTIONS. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: ALTERED REGULATION OF SYNAPTIC PROTEIN SYNTHESIS HAS BEEN HYPOTHESIZED TO CONTRIBUTE TO THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY THAT UNDERLIES MULTIPLE FORMS OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY AND AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER. HERE, WE SHOW IN A MOUSE MODEL OF RETT SYNDROME (MECP2 KO) THAT METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR 5 (MGLUR5)- AND PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS-DEPENDENT SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY ARE ABNORMAL IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS. WE FOUND THAT A SUBSET OF RIBOSOME-BOUND MRNAS WAS ABERRANTLY UPREGULATED IN HIPPOCAMPAL CA1 NEURONS OF MECP2 KO MICE, THAT THESE SIGNIFICANTLY OVERLAPPED WITH FMRP DIRECT TARGETS AND/OR SFARI HUMAN AUTISM GENES, AND THAT CHRONIC TREATMENT OF MECP2 KO MICE WITH AN MGLUR5-NEGATIVE ALLOSTERIC MODULATOR TUNES DOWN UPREGULATED RIBOSOME-BOUND MRNAS AND PARTIALLY IMPROVES MUTANT MICE PHENOTYPES.	2016	

4  4420  31 MOLECULAR AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS FOR THE COMPLEX EFFECTS OF STRESS ON SYNAPTIC PHYSIOLOGY AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS. EVIDENCE OVER THE PAST DECADES HAS FOUND THAT STRESS, PARTICULARLY THROUGH THE CORTICOSTERONE STRESS HORMONES, PRODUCES COMPLEX CHANGES IN GLUTAMATERGIC SIGNALING IN PREFRONTAL CORTEX, WHICH LEADS TO THE ALTERATION OF COGNITIVE PROCESSES MEDICATED BY THIS BRAIN REGION. INTERESTINGLY, THE EFFECTS OF STRESS ON GLUTAMATERGIC TRANSMISSION APPEAR TO BE "U-SHAPED," DEPENDING UPON THE DURATION AND SEVERITY OF THE STRESSOR. THESE BIPHASIC EFFECTS OF ACUTE VS CHRONIC STRESS REPRESENT THE ADAPTIVE VS MALADAPTIVE RESPONSES TO STRESSFUL STIMULI. ANIMAL STUDIES SUGGEST THAT THE STRESS-INDUCED MODULATION OF EXCITATORY SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION INVOLVES CHANGES IN PRESYNAPTIC GLUTAMATE RELEASE, POSTSYNAPTIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR MEMBRANE TRAFFICKING AND DEGRADATION, SPINE STRUCTURE AND CYTOSKELETON NETWORK, AND EPIGENETIC CONTROL OF GENE EXPRESSION. THIS REVIEW WILL DISCUSS CURRENT FINDINGS ON THE KEY MOLECULES INVOLVED IN THE STRESS-INDUCED REGULATION OF PREFRONTAL CORTEX SYNAPTIC PHYSIOLOGY AND PREFRONTAL CORTEX-MEDIATED FUNCTIONS. UNDERSTANDING THE MOLECULAR AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS THAT UNDERLIE THE COMPLEX EFFECTS OF STRESS WILL HELP TO DEVELOP NOVEL STRATEGIES TO COPE WITH STRESS-RELATED MENTAL DISORDERS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
5  4653  26 NEUROSCIENCE OF ALCOHOLISM: MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MECHANISMS. ALCOHOL USE AND ABUSE APPEAR TO BE RELATED TO NEUROADAPTIVE CHANGES AT FUNCTIONAL, NEUROCHEMICAL, AND STRUCTURAL LEVELS. ACUTE AND CHRONIC ETHANOL EXPOSURE HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO MODULATE FUNCTION OF THE ACTIVITY-DEPENDENT GENE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR, CAMP-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING (CREB) PROTEIN IN THE BRAIN, WHICH MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALCOHOLISM. STUDY OF THE DOWNSTREAM EFFECTORS OF CREB HAVE IDENTIFIED SEVERAL IMPORTANT CREB-RELATED GENES, SUCH AS NEUROPEPTIDE Y, BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR, ACTIVITY-REGULATED CYTOSKELETON-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN, AND CORTICOTROPHIN-RELEASING FACTOR, THAT MAY PLAY A CRUCIAL ROLE IN THE BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS OF ETHANOL AND MOLECULAR CHANGES IN THE SPECIFIC NEUROCIRCUITRY THAT UNDERLIE BOTH ALCOHOL ADDICTION AND A GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO ALCOHOLISM. BRAIN CHROMATIN REMODELING DUE TO HISTONE COVALENT MODIFICATIONS MAY ALSO BE INVOLVED IN MEDIATING THE BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS AND NEUROADAPTIVE CHANGES THAT OCCUR DURING ETHANOL EXPOSURE. THIS REVIEW OUTLINES PROGRESSIVE NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH INTO MOLECULAR AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS OF ALCOHOLISM.	2010	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
6  6427  25 THE TRANSITION FROM ACUTE TO CHRONIC PAIN: DYNAMIC EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING OF THE MOUSE PREFRONTAL CORTEX UP TO 1 YEAR AFTER NERVE INJURY. CHRONIC PAIN IS ASSOCIATED WITH PERSISTENT STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHANGES THROUGHOUT THE NEUROAXIS, INCLUDING IN THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX (PFC). THE PFC IS IMPORTANT IN THE INTEGRATION OF SENSORY, COGNITIVE, AND EMOTIONAL INFORMATION AND IN CONDITIONED PAIN MODULATION. WE PREVIOUSLY REPORTED WIDESPREAD EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING IN THE PFC MANY MONTHS AFTER NERVE INJURY IN RODENTS. EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, INCLUDING DNA METHYLATION, CAN DRIVE CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION WITHOUT MODIFYING DNA SEQUENCES. TO DATE, LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT EPIGENETIC DYSREGULATION AT THE ONSET OF ACUTE PAIN OR HOW IT PROGRESSES AS PAIN TRANSITIONS FROM ACUTE TO CHRONIC. WE HYPOTHESIZE THAT ACUTE PAIN AFTER INJURY RESULTS IN RAPID AND PERSISTENT EPIGENETIC REMODELLING IN THE PFC THAT EVOLVES AS PAIN BECOMES CHRONIC. WE FURTHER PROPOSE THAT UNDERSTANDING EPIGENETIC REMODELLING WILL PROVIDE INSIGHTS INTO THE MECHANISMS DRIVING PAIN-RELATED CHANGES IN THE BRAIN. EPIGENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS WAS PERFORMED IN THE MOUSE PFC 1 DAY, 2 WEEKS, 6 MONTHS, AND 1 YEAR AFTER PERIPHERAL INJURY USING THE SPARED NERVE INJURY IN MICE. SPARED NERVE INJURY RESULTED IN RAPID AND PERSISTENT CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION, WITH ROBUST DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION OBSERVED BETWEEN SPARED NERVE INJURY AND SHAM-OPERATED CONTROL MICE AT ALL TIME POINTS. HUNDREDS OF DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED GENES WERE IDENTIFIED, INCLUDING MANY WITH KNOWN FUNCTION IN PAIN. PATHWAY ANALYSIS REVEALED ENRICHMENT IN GENES RELATED TO STIMULUS RESPONSE AT EARLY TIME POINTS, IMMUNE FUNCTION AT LATER TIME POINTS, AND ACTIN AND CYTOSKELETAL REGULATION THROUGHOUT THE TIME COURSE. THESE RESULTS EMPHASIZE THE IMPORTANCE OF CONSIDERING PAIN CHRONICITY IN BOTH PAIN RESEARCH AND IN TREATMENT OPTIMIZATION.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
7   775  30 CELL TYPE-SPECIFIC WHOLE-GENOME LANDSCAPE OF DELTAFOSB BINDING IN THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS AFTER CHRONIC COCAINE EXPOSURE. BACKGROUND: THE ABILITY OF NEURONS TO RESPOND TO EXTERNAL STIMULI INVOLVES ADAPTATIONS OF GENE EXPRESSION. INDUCTION OF THE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR DELTAFOSB IN THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS, A KEY BRAIN REWARD REGION, IS IMPORTANT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF DRUG ADDICTION. HOWEVER, A COMPREHENSIVE MAP OF DELTAFOSB'S GENE TARGETS HAS NOT YET BEEN GENERATED. METHODS: WE USED CUT&RUN (CLEAVAGE UNDER TARGETS AND RELEASE USING NUCLEASE) TO MAP THE GENOME-WIDE CHANGES IN DELTAFOSB BINDING IN THE 2 MAIN TYPES OF NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS NEURONS-D1 OR D2 MEDIUM SPINY NEURONS-AFTER CHRONIC COCAINE EXPOSURE. TO ANNOTATE GENOMIC REGIONS OF DELTAFOSB BINDING SITES, WE ALSO EXAMINED THE DISTRIBUTIONS OF SEVERAL HISTONE MODIFICATIONS. RESULTING DATASETS WERE LEVERAGED FOR MULTIPLE BIOINFORMATIC ANALYSES. RESULTS: THE MAJORITY OF DELTAFOSB PEAKS OCCUR OUTSIDE PROMOTER REGIONS, INCLUDING INTERGENIC REGIONS, AND ARE SURROUNDED BY EPIGENETIC MARKS INDICATIVE OF ACTIVE ENHANCERS. BRG1, THE CORE SUBUNIT OF THE SWI/SNF CHROMATIN REMODELING COMPLEX, OVERLAPS WITH DELTAFOSB PEAKS, A FINDING CONSISTENT WITH EARLIER STUDIES OF DELTAFOSB'S INTERACTING PROTEINS. CHRONIC COCAINE USE INDUCES BROAD CHANGES IN DELTAFOSB BINDING IN BOTH D1 AND D2 NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS MEDIUM SPINY NEURONS OF MALE AND FEMALE MICE. IN ADDITION, IN SILICO ANALYSES PREDICT THAT DELTAFOSB COOPERATIVELY REGULATES GENE EXPRESSION WITH HOMEOBOX AND T-BOX TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS. CONCLUSIONS: THESE NOVEL FINDINGS UNCOVER KEY ELEMENTS OF DELTAFOSB'S MOLECULAR MECHANISMS IN TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION AT BASELINE AND IN RESPONSE TO CHRONIC COCAINE EXPOSURE. FURTHER CHARACTERIZATION OF DELTAFOSB'S COLLABORATIVE TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND CHROMATIN PARTNERS SPECIFICALLY IN D1 AND D2 MEDIUM SPINY NEURONS WILL REVEAL A BROADER PICTURE OF THE FUNCTION OF DELTAFOSB AND THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF DRUG ADDICTION.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
8  2702  27 EXCITOTOXICITY AND OVERNUTRITION ADDITIVELY IMPAIR METABOLIC FUNCTION AND IDENTITY OF PANCREATIC BETA-CELLS. A SUSTAINED INCREASE IN INTRACELLULAR CA(2+) CONCENTRATION (REFERRED TO HEREAFTER AS EXCITOTOXICITY), BROUGHT ON BY CHRONIC METABOLIC STRESS, MAY CONTRIBUTE TO PANCREATIC BETA-CELL FAILURE. TO DETERMINE THE ADDITIVE EFFECTS OF EXCITOTOXICITY AND OVERNUTRITION ON BETA-CELL FUNCTION AND GENE EXPRESSION, WE ANALYZED THE IMPACT OF A HIGH-FAT DIET (HFD) ON ABCC8 KNOCKOUT MICE. EXCITOTOXICITY CAUSED BETA-CELLS TO BE MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO HFD-INDUCED IMPAIRMENT OF GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS, AND THESE EFFECTS WERE MITIGATED BY VERAPAMIL, A CA(2+) CHANNEL BLOCKER. EXCITOTOXICITY, OVERNUTRITION, AND THE COMBINATION OF BOTH STRESSES CAUSED SIMILAR BUT DISTINCT ALTERATIONS IN THE BETA-CELL TRANSCRIPTOME, INCLUDING ADDITIVE INCREASES IN GENES ASSOCIATED WITH MITOCHONDRIAL ENERGY METABOLISM, FATTY ACID BETA-OXIDATION, AND MITOCHONDRIAL BIOGENESIS AND THEIR KEY REGULATOR PPARGC1A OVERNUTRITION WORSENED EXCITOTOXICITY-INDUCED MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION, INCREASING METABOLIC INFLEXIBILITY AND MITOCHONDRIAL DAMAGE. IN ADDITION, EXCITOTOXICITY AND OVERNUTRITION, INDIVIDUALLY AND TOGETHER, IMPAIRED BOTH BETA-CELL FUNCTION AND IDENTITY BY REDUCING EXPRESSION OF GENES IMPORTANT FOR INSULIN SECRETION, CELL POLARITY, CELL JUNCTION, CILIA, CYTOSKELETON, VESICULAR TRAFFICKING, AND REGULATION OF BETA-CELL EPIGENETIC AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROGRAM. SEX HAD AN IMPACT ON ALL BETA-CELL RESPONSES, WITH MALE ANIMALS EXHIBITING GREATER METABOLIC STRESS-INDUCED IMPAIRMENTS THAN FEMALES. TOGETHER, THESE FINDINGS INDICATE THAT A SUSTAINED INCREASE IN INTRACELLULAR CA(2+), BY ALTERING MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION AND IMPAIRING BETA-CELL IDENTITY, AUGMENTS OVERNUTRITION-INDUCED BETA-CELL FAILURE.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
9  4401  29 MODULATION OF NEURONAL PLASTICITY FOLLOWING CHRONIC CONCOMITANT ADMINISTRATION OF THE NOVEL ANTIPSYCHOTIC LURASIDONE WITH THE MOOD STABILIZER VALPROIC ACID. RATIONALE: COMBINATORY THERAPY IS WIDELY USED IN PSYCHIATRY OWING TO THE POSSIBILITY THAT DRUGS WITH DIFFERENT MECHANISMS OF ACTION MAY SYNERGIZE TO IMPROVE FUNCTIONS DETERIORATED IN SCHIZOPHRENIA, BIPOLAR DISORDERS, AND MAJOR DEPRESSION. WHILE COMBINATORY STRATEGIES RELY ON RECEPTOR AND SYNAPTIC MECHANISMS, IT SHOULD ALSO BE CONSIDERED THAT TWO DRUGS MAY ALSO "INTERACT" ON THE LONG-TERM TO DETERMINE MORE ROBUST CHANGES IN NEURONAL PLASTICITY, WHICH REPRESENTS A DOWNSTREAM TARGET IMPORTANT FOR FUNCTIONAL RECOVERY. OBJECTIVE: THE AIM OF THE STUDY IS TO INVESTIGATE NEUROADAPTIVE CHANGES SET IN MOTION BY CHRONIC CONCOMITANT ADMINISTRATION OF THE NOVEL ANTIPSYCHOTIC LURASIDONE AND THE MOOD STABILIZER VALPROATE. METHODS: ANIMALS WERE CHRONICALLY TREATED WITH LURASIDONE, VALPROATE, OR THE COMBINATION OF THE TWO DRUGS AND KILLED 24 H AFTER THE LAST INJECTION TO EVALUATE ALTERATIONS OF DIFFERENT MEASURES OF NEURONAL PLASTICITY SUCH AS THE NEUROTROPHIN BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF), THE IMMEDIATE EARLY GENE ACTIVITY-REGULATED CYTOSKELETAL ASSOCIATED PROTEIN, AND THE EPIGENETIC REGULATORS HDAC 1, 2, AND 5 IN DORSAL AND VENTRAL HIPPOCAMPUS. RESULTS: THE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT COADMINISTRATION OF LURASIDONE AND VALPROATE PRODUCES, WHEN COMPARED TO THE SINGLE DRUGS, A LARGER INCREASE IN THE EXPRESSION OF BDNF IN THE VENTRAL HIPPOCAMPUS, THROUGH THE REGULATION OF SPECIFIC NEUROTROPHIN TRANSCRIPTS. WE ALSO FOUND THAT THE HISTONE DEACETYLASES WERE REGULATED BY THE DRUG COMBINATION, SUGGESTING THAT SOME OF THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL CHANGES MAY BE SUSTAINED BY EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. CONCLUSIONS: OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT THE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH COMBINATORY TREATMENT BETWEEN A SECOND-GENERATION ANTIPSYCHOTIC AND A MOOD STABILIZER COULD RESULT FROM THE ABILITY TO MODULATE NEUROPLASTIC MOLECULES, WHOSE EXPRESSION AND FUNCTION IS DETERIORATED IN DIFFERENT PSYCHIATRIC CONDITIONS.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
10  2772  32 EXTRACELLULAR ATP AND NEURODEGENERATION. ATP IS A POTENT SIGNALING MOLECULE ABUNDANTLY PRESENT IN THE CNS. IT ELICITS A WIDE ARRAY OF PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND IS REGARDED AS THE PHYLOGENETICALLY MOST ANCIENT EPIGENETIC FACTOR PLAYING CRUCIAL BIOLOGICAL ROLES IN SEVERAL DIFFERENT TISSUES. THESE CAN RANGE FROM NEUROTRANSMISSION, SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTRACTION, CHEMOSENSORY SIGNALING, SECRETION AND VASODILATATION, TO MORE COMPLEX PHENOMENA SUCH AS IMMUNE RESPONSES, PAIN, MALE REPRODUCTION, FERTILIZATION AND EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. ATP IS RELEASED INTO THE EXTRACELLULAR SPACE EITHER EXOCYTOTICALLY OR FROM DAMAGED AND DYING CELLS. IT IS OFTEN CO-RELEASED WITH OTHER NEUROTRANSMITTERS AND IT CAN INTERACT WITH GROWTH FACTORS AT BOTH RECEPTOR- AND/OR SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION-LEVEL. ONCE IN THE EXTRACELLULAR ENVIRONMENT, ATP BINDS TO SPECIFIC RECEPTORS TERMED P2. BASED ON PHARMACOLOGICAL PROFILES, ON SELECTIVITY OF COUPLING TO SECOND-MESSENGER PATHWAYS AND ON MOLECULAR CLONING, TWO MAIN SUBCLASSES WITH MULTIPLE SUBTYPES HAVE BEEN DISTINGUISHED. THEY ARE P2X, I.E. FAST CATION-SELECTIVE RECEPTOR CHANNELS (NA+, K+, CA2+), POSSESSING LOW AFFINITY FOR ATP AND RESPONSIBLE FOR FAST EXCITATORY NEUROTRANSMISSION, AND P2Y, I.E. SLOW G PROTEIN-COUPLED METABOTROPIC RECEPTORS, POSSESSING HIGHER AFFINITY FOR THE LIGAND. IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM, THEY ARE BROADLY EXPRESSED IN BOTH NEURONS AND GLIAL CELLS AND CAN MEDIATE DUAL EFFECTS: SHORT-TERM SUCH AS NEUROTRANSMISSION, AND LONG-TERM SUCH AS TROPHIC ACTIONS. SINCE MASSIVE EXTRACELLULAR RELEASE OF ATP OFTEN OCCURS AFTER METABOLIC STRESS, BRAIN ISCHEMIA AND TRAUMA, PURINERGIC MECHANISMS ARE ALSO CORRELATED TO AND INVOLVED IN THE ETIOPATHOLOGY OF MANY NEURODEGENERATIVE CONDITIONS. FURTHERMORE, EXTRACELLULAR ATP PER SE IS TOXIC FOR PRIMARY NEURONAL DISSOCIATED AND ORGANOTYPIC CNS CULTURES FROM CORTEX, STRIATUM AND CEREBELLUM AND P2 RECEPTORS CAN MEDIATE AND AGGRAVATE HYPOXIC SIGNALING IN MANY CNS NEURONS. CONVERSELY, SEVERAL P2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS ABOLISH THE CELL DEATH FATE OF PRIMARY NEURONAL CULTURES EXPOSED TO EXCESSIVE GLUTAMATE, SERUM/POTASSIUM DEPRIVATION, HYPOGLYCEMIA AND CHEMICAL HYPOXIA. IN PARALLEL WITH THESE DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS, ALSO TROPHIC FUNCTIONS HAVE BEEN EXTENSIVELY DESCRIBED FOR EXTRACELLULAR PURINES (BOTH FOR NEURONAL AND NON-NEURONAL CELLS), BUT THESE MIGHT EITHER AGGRAVATE OR AMELIORATE THE NORMAL CELLULAR CONDITIONS. IN SUMMARY, EXTRACELLULAR ATP PLAYS A VERY COMPLEX ROLE NOT ONLY IN THE REPAIR, REMODELING AND SURVIVAL OCCURRING IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM, BUT EVEN IN CELL DEATH AND THIS CAN OCCUR EITHER AFTER NORMAL DEVELOPMENTAL CONDITIONS, AFTER INJURY, OR ACUTE AND CHRONIC DISEASES.	2003	
     
11   626  36 BIOLOGICAL AGING MODULATES CELL MIGRATION VIA LAMIN A/C-DEPENDENT NUCLEAR MOTION. AGING IS A PROGRESSIVE FUNCTIONAL DECLINE IN ORGANS AND TISSUES OVER TIME AND TYPICALLY REPRESENTS THE ACCUMULATION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL CHANGES IN A HUMAN BEING. DIVERSE DISEASES, SUCH AS CARDIOVASCULAR, MUSCULOSKELETAL, AND NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS, ARE NOW UNDERSTOOD TO BE CAUSED BY AGING. WHILE BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF AGING MAINLY FOCUSES ON THE GRADUAL CHANGES THAT OCCUR EITHER ON THE MOLECULAR SCALE, FOR EXAMPLE, ALTERATION OF GENE EXPRESSION AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION, OR ON LARGER SCALES, FOR EXAMPLE, CHANGES IN MUSCLE STRENGTH AND CARDIAC FUNCTION, THE MECHANICS THAT REGULATES THE BEHAVIOR OF INDIVIDUAL CELLS AND INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE INTERNAL ELEMENTS OF CELLS, ARE LARGELY MISSING. IN THIS STUDY, WE SHOW THAT THE DYNAMIC FEATURES OF MIGRATING CELLS ACROSS DIFFERENT HUMAN AGES COULD HELP TO ESTABLISH THE UNDERLYING MECHANISM OF BIOLOGICAL AGE-DEPENDENT CELLULAR FUNCTIONAL DECLINE. TO DETERMINE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CELLULAR DYNAMICS AND HUMAN AGE, WE IDENTIFY THE CHARACTERISTIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CELL MIGRATION AND NUCLEAR MOTION WHICH IS TIGHTLY REGULATED BY NUCLEUS-BOUND CYTOSKELETAL ORGANIZATION. THIS ANALYSIS DEMONSTRATES THAT ACTOMYOSIN CONTRACTILITY-DEPENDENT NUCLEAR MOTION PLAYS A KEY ROLE IN CELL MIGRATION. WE ANTICIPATE THIS STUDY TO PROVIDE NOBLE BIOPHYSICAL INSIGHTS ON BIOLOGICAL AGING IN ORDER TO PRECISELY DIAGNOSE AGE-RELATED CHRONIC DISEASES.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
12  5006  31 PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY IS ACCOMPANIED BY CHRONIC TRANSCRIPTOME-WIDE CHANGES IN THE MOUSE PREFRONTAL CORTEX. BACKGROUND: PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY CAN HAVE LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES INCLUDING PAIN-RELATED MANIFESTATIONS, SUCH AS HYPERSENSITIVITY TO CUTANEOUS STIMULI, AS WELL AS AFFECTIVE AND COGNITIVE DISTURBANCES, SUGGESTING THE INVOLVEMENT OF SUPRASPINAL MECHANISMS. CHANGES IN BRAIN STRUCTURE AND CORTICAL FUNCTION ASSOCIATED WITH MANY CHRONIC PAIN CONDITIONS HAVE BEEN REPORTED IN THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX (PFC). THE PFC IS IMPLICATED IN PAIN-RELATED CO-MORBIDITIES SUCH AS DEPRESSION, ANXIETY AND IMPAIRED EMOTIONAL DECISION-MAKING ABILITY. WE RECENTLY REPORTED THAT THIS REGION IS SUBJECT TO SIGNIFICANT EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING FOLLOWING PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY, AND NORMALIZATION OF PAIN-RELATED STRUCTURAL, FUNCTIONAL AND EPIGENETIC ABNORMALITIES IN THE PFC ARE ALL ASSOCIATED WITH EFFECTIVE PAIN REDUCTION. IN THIS STUDY, WE USED THE SPARED NERVE INJURY (SNI) MODEL OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN TO TEST THE HYPOTHESIS THAT PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY TRIGGERS PERSISTENT LONG-LASTING CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION IN THE PFC, WHICH ALTER FUNCTIONAL GENE NETWORKS, THUS PROVIDING A POSSIBLE EXPLANATION FOR CHRONIC PAIN ASSOCIATED BEHAVIORS. RESULTS: SNI OR SHAM SURGERY WHERE PERFORMED IN MALE CD1 MICE AT THREE MONTHS OF AGE. SIX MONTHS AFTER INJURY, WE PERFORMED TRANSCRIPTOME-WIDE SEQUENCING (RNASEQ), WHICH REVEALED 1147 DIFFERENTIALLY REGULATED TRANSCRIPTS IN THE PFC IN NERVE-INJURED VS. CONTROL MICE. CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION OCCURRED ACROSS A NUMBER OF FUNCTIONAL GENE CLUSTERS ENCODING CARDINAL BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES AS REVEALED BY INGENUITY PATHWAY ANALYSIS. SIGNIFICANTLY ALTERED BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES INCLUDED NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE, SKELETAL MUSCULAR DISORDERS, BEHAVIOR, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS. SEVERAL OF THE CHANGES DETECTED BY RNASEQ WERE VALIDATED BY RT-QPCR AND INCLUDED TRANSCRIPTS WITH KNOWN ROLES IN CHRONIC PAIN AND/OR NEURONAL PLASTICITY INCLUDING THE NMDA RECEPTOR (GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR, IONOTROPIC, NMDA; GRIN1), NEURITE OUTGROWTH (ROUNDABOUT 3; ROBO3), GLIOSIS (GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; GFAP), VESICULAR RELEASE (SYNAPTOTAGMIN 2; SYT2), AND NEURONAL EXCITABILITY (VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNEL, TYPE I; SCN1A). CONCLUSIONS: THIS STUDY USED AN UNBIASED APPROACH TO DOCUMENT LONG-TERM ALTERATIONS IN GENE EXPRESSION IN THE BRAIN FOLLOWING PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY. WE PROPOSE THAT THESE CHANGES ARE MAINTAINED AS A MEMORY OF AN INSULT THAT IS TEMPORALLY AND SPATIALLY DISTANT FROM THE INITIAL INJURY.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                    
13  1526  30 DNA METHYLATION CHANGES IN GLIAL CELLS OF THE NORMAL-APPEARING WHITE MATTER IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS PATIENTS. MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS), THE LEADING CAUSE OF NON-TRAUMATIC NEUROLOGICAL DISABILITY IN YOUNG ADULTS, IS A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY AND NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS). DUE TO THE POOR ACCESSIBILITY TO THE TARGET ORGAN, CNS-CONFINED PROCESSES UNDERPINNING THE LATER PROGRESSIVE FORM OF MS REMAIN ELUSIVE THEREBY LIMITING TREATMENT OPTIONS. WE AIMED TO EXAMINE DNA METHYLATION, A STABLE EPIGENETIC MARK OF GENOME ACTIVITY, IN GLIAL CELLS TO CAPTURE RELEVANT MOLECULAR CHANGES UNDERLYING MS NEUROPATHOLOGY. WE PROFILED DNA METHYLATION IN NUCLEI OF NON-NEURONAL CELLS, ISOLATED FROM 38 POST-MORTEM NORMAL-APPEARING WHITE MATTER (NAWM) SPECIMENS OF MS PATIENTS (N = 8) IN COMPARISON TO WHITE MATTER OF CONTROL INDIVIDUALS (N = 14), USING INFINIUM METHYLATIONEPIC BEADCHIP. WE IDENTIFIED 1,226 SIGNIFICANT (GENOME-WIDE ADJUSTED P-VALUE < 0.05) DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED POSITIONS (DMPS) BETWEEN MS PATIENTS AND CONTROLS. FUNCTIONAL ANNOTATION OF THE ALTERED DMP-GENES UNCOVERED ALTERATIONS OF PROCESSES RELATED TO CELLULAR MOTILITY, CYTOSKELETON DYNAMICS, METABOLIC PROCESSES, SYNAPTIC SUPPORT, NEUROINFLAMMATION AND SIGNALING, SUCH AS WNT AND TGF-BETA PATHWAYS. A FRACTION OF THE AFFECTED GENES DISPLAYED TRANSCRIPTIONAL DIFFERENCES IN THE BRAIN OF MS PATIENTS, AS REPORTED BY PUBLICALLY AVAILABLE TRANSCRIPTOMIC DATA. CELL TYPE-RESTRICTED ANNOTATION OF DMP-GENES ATTRIBUTED ALTERATIONS OF CYTOSKELETON REARRANGEMENT AND EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX REMODELLING TO ALL GLIAL CELL TYPES, WHILE SOME PROCESSES, INCLUDING ION TRANSPORT, WNT/TGF-BETA SIGNALING AND IMMUNE PROCESSES WERE MORE SPECIFICALLY LINKED TO OLIGODENDROCYTES, ASTROCYTES AND MICROGLIAL CELLS, RESPECTIVELY. OUR FINDINGS STRONGLY SUGGEST THAT NAWM GLIAL CELLS ARE HIGHLY ALTERED, EVEN IN THE ABSENCE OF LESIONAL INSULT, COLLECTIVELY EXHIBITING A MULTICELLULAR REACTION IN RESPONSE TO DIFFUSE INFLAMMATION.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
14  5876  20 SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY AND PAIN AVERSION. NEGATIVE AFFECTIVE EMOTIONS ARE DEFINED AS THE CONCEPTUAL FEATURE OF PAIN. A NUMBER OF CLINICAL AND ANIMAL STUDIES HAVE INDICATED THAT THE LIMBIC SYSTEM INCLUDING THE ANTERIOR CINGULATE CORTEX (ACC) AND AMYGDALA PLAYS A CRITICAL ROLE IN THE PROCESSING OF AFFECTIVE COMPONENTS OF PAIN. GLUTAMATERGIC TRANSMISSION PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE PROCESSING OF AFFECTIVE ASPECTS OF PAIN. LONG-TERM CHANGES ON GLUTAMATERGIC SYNAPSES CONTRIBUTE TO THE EXPRESSION OF AVERSION BEHAVIOR INDUCED BY PAIN. IN THIS ARTICLE, THE NEUROCIRCUITS INVOLVED IN THE PROCESSING OF AFFECTIVE ASPECTS OF PAIN, THE GLUTAMATERGIC SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY IN THESE BRAIN REGIONS, AND THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS UNDERLYING PAIN-RELATED SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY WILL BE REVIEWED AND DISCUSSED. NEW DISCOVERIES REGARDING THE INTERACTION BETWEEN THE SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY AND AFFECTIVE COMPONENTS OF PAIN MAY ADVANCE OUR UNDERSTANDING ON THE PAIN MECHANISM, AND LEAD TO NEW STRATEGIES FOR PAIN TREATMENT.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
15  2398  24 EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING OF CORTICAL NEURONS THROUGH ALTERATION OF DOPAMINERGIC CIRCUITS. ALTERATIONS OF THE DOPAMINERGIC SYSTEM ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE COGNITIVE AND FUNCTIONAL DYSFUNCTIONS THAT CHARACTERIZE COMPLEX NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS. WE MODELED A DYSFUNCTIONAL DOPAMINERGIC SYSTEM USING MICE WITH TARGETED ABLATION OF DOPAMINE (DA) D2 AUTORECEPTORS IN MESENCEPHALIC DOPAMINERGIC NEURONS. LOSS OF D2 AUTORECEPTORS ABOLISHES D2-MEDIATED CONTROL OF DA SYNTHESIS AND RELEASE. HERE, WE SHOW THAT THIS MUTATION LEADS TO A PROFOUND ALTERATION OF THE GENOMIC LANDSCAPE OF NEURONS RECEIVING DOPAMINERGIC AFFERENTS AT DISTAL SITES, SPECIFICALLY IN THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX. INDEED, WE OBSERVED A REMARKABLE DOWNREGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION IN THIS AREA OF ~2000 GENES, WHICH INVOLVES A WIDESPREAD INCREASE IN THE HISTONE REPRESSIVE MARK H3K9ME2/3. THIS REPROGRAMMING PROCESS IS COUPLED TO PSYCHOTIC-LIKE BEHAVIORS IN THE MUTANT MICE. IMPORTANTLY, CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH A DA AGONIST CAN REVERT THE GENOMIC PHENOTYPE. THUS, CORTICAL NEURONS UNDERGO A PROFOUND EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING IN RESPONSE TO DYSFUNCTIONAL D2 AUTORECEPTOR SIGNALING LEADING TO ALTERED DA LEVELS, A PROCESS THAT MAY UNDERLIE A NUMBER OF NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
16  2513  21 EPIGENETICS AND PSYCHOSTIMULANT ADDICTION. CHRONIC DRUG EXPOSURE ALTERS GENE EXPRESSION IN THE BRAIN AND PRODUCES LONG-TERM CHANGES IN NEURAL NETWORKS THAT UNDERLIE COMPULSIVE DRUG TAKING AND SEEKING. EXACTLY HOW DRUG-INDUCED CHANGES IN SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY AND SUBSEQUENT GENE EXPRESSION ARE TRANSLATED INTO PERSISTENT NEUROADAPTATIONS REMAINS UNCLEAR. EMERGING EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT COMPLEX DRUG-INDUCED NEUROADAPTATIONS IN THE BRAIN ARE MEDIATED BY HIGHLY SYNCHRONIZED AND DYNAMIC PATTERNS OF GENE REGULATION. RECENTLY, IT HAS BECOME CLEAR THAT EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS CONTRIBUTE TO DRUG-INDUCED STRUCTURAL, SYNAPTIC, AND BEHAVIORAL PLASTICITY BY REGULATING EXPRESSION OF GENE NETWORKS. HERE WE REVIEW HOW ALTERATIONS IN HISTONE MODIFICATIONS, DNA METHYLATION, AND MICRORNAS REGULATE GENE EXPRESSION AND CONTRIBUTE TO PSYCHOSTIMULANT ADDICTION WITH A FOCUS ON THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS THAT REGULATE BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) EXPRESSION FOLLOWING CHRONIC COCAINE EXPOSURE. IDENTIFYING EPIGENETIC SIGNATURES THAT DEFINE PSYCHOSTIMULANT ADDICTION MAY LEAD TO NOVEL, EFFICACIOUS TREATMENTS FOR DRUG CRAVING AND RELAPSE.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
17  2868  27 FUNCTIONAL CONSEQUENCES OF CALCIUM-DEPENDENT SYNAPSE-TO-NUCLEUS COMMUNICATION: FOCUS ON TRANSCRIPTION-DEPENDENT METABOLIC PLASTICITY. IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM, CALCIUM SIGNALS PLAY A MAJOR ROLE IN THE CONVERSION OF SYNAPTIC STIMULI INTO TRANSCRIPTIONAL RESPONSES. SIGNAL-REGULATED GENE TRANSCRIPTION IS FUNDAMENTAL FOR A RANGE OF LONG-LASTING ADAPTIVE BRAIN FUNCTIONS THAT INCLUDE LEARNING AND MEMORY, STRUCTURAL PLASTICITY OF NEURITES AND SYNAPSES, ACQUIRED NEUROPROTECTION, CHRONIC PAIN, AND ADDICTION. IN THIS REVIEW, WE SUMMARIZE THE DIVERSE MECHANISMS GOVERNING CALCIUM-DEPENDENT TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION ASSOCIATED WITH CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM PLASTICITY. WE FOCUS ON RECENT ADVANCES IN THE FIELD OF SYNAPSE-TO-NUCLEUS COMMUNICATION THAT INCLUDE STUDIES OF THE SIGNAL-REGULATED TRANSCRIPTOME IN HUMAN NEURONS, IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL REGULATORY MECHANISMS SUCH AS ACTIVITY-INDUCED DNA DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS, AND THE IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL FORMS OF ACTIVITY- AND TRANSCRIPTION-DEPENDENT ADAPTATIONS, IN PARTICULAR, METABOLIC PLASTICITY. WE SUMMARIZE THE RECIPROCAL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN DIFFERENT KINDS OF NEUROADAPTATIONS AND HIGHLIGHT THE EMERGING ROLE OF ACTIVITY-REGULATED EPIGENETIC MODIFIERS IN GATING THE INDUCIBILITY OF SIGNAL-REGULATED GENES.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
18  4633  29 NEUROIMMUNE ACTIVATION DRIVES MULTIPLE BRAIN STATES. NEUROIMMUNE SIGNALING IS INCREASINGLY IDENTIFIED AS A CRITICAL COMPONENT OF NEURONAL PROCESSES UNDERLYING MEMORY, EMOTION AND COGNITION. THE INTERACTIONS OF MICROGLIA AND ASTROCYTES WITH NEURONS AND SYNAPSES, AND THE INDIVIDUAL CYTOKINES AND IMMUNE SIGNALING MOLECULES THAT MEDIATE THESE INTERACTIONS ARE A CURRENT FOCUS OF MUCH RESEARCH. HERE, WE DISCUSS NEUROIMMUNE ACTIVATION AS A MECHANISM TRIGGERING DIFFERENT STATES THAT MODULATE COGNITIVE AND AFFECTIVE PROCESSES TO ALLOW FOR APPROPRIATE BEHAVIOR DURING AND AFTER ILLNESS OR INJURY. WE PROPOSE THAT THESE STATES LIE ON A CONTINUUM FROM A NAIVE HOMEOSTATIC BASELINE STATE IN THE ABSENCE OF STIMULATION, TO ACUTE NEUROIMMUNE ACTIVITY AND CHRONIC ACTIVATION. IMPORTANTLY, CONSEQUENCES OF ILLNESS OR INJURY INCLUDING COGNITIVE DEFICITS AND MOOD IMPAIRMENTS CAN PERSIST LONG AFTER RESOLUTION OF IMMUNE SIGNALING. THIS SUGGESTS THAT NEUROIMMUNE ACTIVATION ALSO RESULTS IN AN ENDURING SHIFT IN THE HOMEOSTATIC BASELINE STATE WITH LONG LASTING CONSEQUENCES FOR NEURAL FUNCTION AND BEHAVIOR. SUCH DIFFERENT STATES CAN BE IDENTIFIED IN A MULTIDIMENSIONAL WAY, USING PATTERNS OF CYTOKINE AND GLIAL ACTIVATION, BEHAVIORAL AND COGNITIVE CHANGES, AND EPIGENETIC SIGNATURES. IDENTIFYING DISTINCT NEUROIMMUNE STATES AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES FOR NEURAL FUNCTION WILL PROVIDE A FRAMEWORK FOR PREDICTING VULNERABILITY TO DISORDERS OF MEMORY, COGNITION AND EMOTION BOTH DURING AND LONG AFTER RECOVERY FROM ILLNESS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
19  1614  26 DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE 3A IS INVOLVED IN THE SUSTAINED EFFECTS OF CHRONIC STRESS ON SYNAPTIC FUNCTIONS AND BEHAVIORS. EMERGING EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS REGULATE ABERRANT GENE TRANSCRIPTION IN STRESS-ASSOCIATED MENTAL DISORDERS. HOWEVER, IT REMAINS TO BE ELUCIDATED ABOUT THE ROLE OF DNA METHYLATION AND ITS CATALYZING ENZYMES, DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES (DNMTS), IN THIS PROCESS. HERE, WE FOUND THAT MALE RATS EXPOSED TO CHRONIC (2-WEEK) UNPREDICTABLE STRESS EXHIBITED A SUBSTANTIAL REDUCTION OF DNMT3A AFTER STRESS CESSATION IN THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX (PFC), A KEY TARGET REGION OF STRESS. TREATMENT OF UNSTRESSED CONTROL RATS WITH DNMT INHIBITORS RECAPITULATED THE EFFECT OF CHRONIC UNPREDICTABLE STRESS ON DECREASED AMPAR EXPRESSION AND FUNCTION IN PFC. IN CONTRAST, OVEREXPRESSION OF DNMT3A IN PFC OF STRESSED ANIMALS PREVENTED THE LOSS OF GLUTAMATERGIC RESPONSES. MOREOVER, THE STRESS-INDUCED BEHAVIORAL ABNORMALITIES, INCLUDING THE IMPAIRED RECOGNITION MEMORY, HEIGHTENED AGGRESSION, AND HYPERLOCOMOTION, WERE PARTIALLY ATTENUATED BY DNMT3A EXPRESSION IN PFC OF STRESSED ANIMALS. FINALLY, WE FOUND THAT THERE WERE GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION CHANGES AND TRANSCRIPTOME ALTERATIONS IN PFC OF STRESSED RATS, BOTH OF WHICH WERE ENRICHED AT SEVERAL NEURAL PATHWAYS, INCLUDING GLUTAMATERGIC SYNAPSE AND MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN KINASE SIGNALING. THESE RESULTS HAVE THEREFORE RECOGNIZED THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF DNA EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION IN STRESS-INDUCED DISTURBANCE OF SYNAPTIC FUNCTIONS AND COGNITIVE AND EMOTIONAL PROCESSES.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
20  2003  20 EPIGENETIC AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL CONTROL OF THE OPIOID PRODYNORPHINE GENE: IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS IN THE HUMAN BRAIN. NEUROPEPTIDES SERVE AS NEUROHORMONES AND LOCAL PARACRINE REGULATORS THAT CONTROL NEURAL NETWORKS REGULATING BEHAVIOR, ENDOCRINE SYSTEM AND SENSORIMOTOR FUNCTIONS. THEIR EXPRESSION IS CHARACTERIZED BY EXCEPTIONALLY RESTRICTED PROFILES. CIRCUIT-SPECIFIC AND ADAPTIVE EXPRESSION OF NEUROPEPTIDE GENES MAY BE DEFINED BY TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS CONTROLLED BY CELL TYPE AND SUBTYPE SEQUENCE-SPECIFIC TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS, INSULATORS AND SILENCERS. THE OPIOID PEPTIDE DYNORPHINS PLAY A CRITICAL ROLE IN NEUROLOGICAL AND PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS, PAIN PROCESSING AND STRESS, WHILE THEIR MUTATIONS CAUSE PROFOUND NEURODEGENERATION IN THE HUMAN BRAIN. IN THIS REVIEW, WE FOCUS ON THE PRODYNORPHIN GENE AS A MODEL FOR THE IN-DEPTH EPIGENETIC AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL ANALYSIS OF EXPRESSION OF THE NEUROPEPTIDE GENES. PRODYNORPHIN STUDIES MAY PROVIDE A FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYSIS OF MECHANISMS RELEVANT FOR REGULATION OF NEUROPEPTIDE GENES IN NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL HUMAN BRAIN.	2021