1  6890 229 [SCREENING, FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS AND CLINICAL VALIDATION OF DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES IN DIABETIC FOOT ULCERS]. OBJECTIVE: TO SCREEN THE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES (DEGS) IN DIABETIC FOOT ULCERS (DFUS), AND TO PERFORM FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS AND CLINICAL VALIDATION OF THEM, INTENDING TO LAY A THEORETICAL FOUNDATION FOR EPIGENETIC THERAPY OF CHRONIC REFRACTORY WOUNDS. METHODS: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY WAS CONDUCTED. THE GENE EXPRESSION PROFILE DATASET GSE80178 OF DFU PATIENTS IN GENE EXPRESSION OMNIBUS (GEO) WAS SELECTED, AND THE DEG BETWEEN THREE NORMAL SKIN TISSUE SAMPLES AND SIX DFU TISSUE SAMPLES IN THE DATASET WAS ANALYZED AND SCREENED USING THE GEO2R TOOL. FOR THE SCREENED DEG, CLUSTERPROFILER, ORG.HS.EG.DB, GOPLOT, AND GGPLOT2 IN THE R LANGUAGE PACKAGES WERE USED FOR GENE ONTOLOGY (GO) ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS OF BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES, MOLECULAR FUNCTIONS, AND CELLULAR COMPONENTS, AND KYOTO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF GENES AND GENOMES (KEGG) ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS, RESPECTIVELY. PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTION (PPI) ANALYSIS WAS PERFORMED USING STRING DATABASE TO SCREEN KEY GENES IN THE DEG, AND GO ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS OF KEY GENES WAS PERFORMED USING CYTOHUBBA PLUG-IN IN CYTOSCAPE 3.9.1 SOFTWARE. DFU TISSUE AND NORMAL SKIN TISSUE DISCARDED AFTER SURGERY WERE COLLECTED RESPECTIVELY FROM 15 DFU PATIENTS (7 MALES AND 8 FEMALES, AGED 55-87 YEARS) AND 15 ACUTE WOUND PATIENTS (6 MALES AND 9 FEMALES, AGED 8-52 YEARS) WHO WERE ADMITTED TO XIANG'AN HOSPITAL OF XIAMEN UNIVERSITY FROM SEPTEMBER 2018 TO MARCH 2021. THE MRNA AND PROTEIN EXPRESSIONS OF SMALL PROLINE-RICH REPEAT PROTEIN 1A (SPRR1A) AND LATE CORNIFIED ENVELOPE PROTEIN 3C (LCE3C) WERE DETECTED BY REAL-TIME FLUORESCENT QUANTITATIVE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY, RESPECTIVELY. DATA WERE STATISTICALLY ANALYZED WITH INDEPENDENT SAMPLE T TEST. RESULTS: COMPARED WITH NORMAL SKIN TISSUE, 492 STATISTICALLY DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED DEGS WERE SCREENED FROM DFU TISSUE OF DFU PATIENTS (CORRECTED P<0.05 OR CORRECTED P<0.01), INCLUDING 363 UP-REGULATED DEGS AND 129 DOWN-REGULATED DEGS. GO TERMINOLOGY ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT DEGS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY ENRICHED IN THE ASPECTS OF SKIN DEVELOPMENT, KERATINOCYTE (KC) DIFFERENTIATION, KERATINIZATION, EPIDERMAL DEVELOPMENT, AND EPIDERMAL CELL DIFFERENTIATION, ETC. (CORRECTED P VALUES ALL <0.01). KEGG PATHWAY ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT DEGS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY ENRICHED IN THE ASPECTS OF TUMOR-ASSOCIATED MICRORNA, RAS RELATED PROTEIN 1 SIGNALING PATHWAY, AND PLURIPOTENT STEM CELL REGULATORY SIGNALING PATHWAY, ETC. (CORRECTED P VALUES ALL <0.01). PPI ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT ENDOPHIAL PROTEIN, SPRR1A, SPRR1B, SPRR2B, SPRR2E, SPRR2F, LCE3C, LCE3E, KERATIN 16 (ALL DOWN-REGULATED DEGS), AND FILOPROTEIN (UP-REGULATED DEG) WERE KEY GENES OF DEGS SCREENED FROM DFU TISSUE OF DFU PATIENTS, WHICH WERE SIGNIFICANTLY ENRICHED IN GO TERMS OF KERATINIZATION, KC DIFFERENTIATION, EPIDERMAL CELL DIFFERENTIATION, SKIN DEVELOPMENT, EPIDERMIS DEVELOPMENT, AND PEPTIDE CROSS-LINKING, ETC. (CORRECTED P VALUES ALL <0.01). THE MRNA EXPRESSIONS OF SPRR1A AND LCE3C IN DFU TISSUE OF DFU PATIENTS WERE 0.588+/-0.082 AND 0.659+/-0.098, RESPECTIVELY, AND THE PROTEIN EXPRESSIONS WERE 0.22+/-0.05 AND 0.24+/-0.04, RESPECTIVELY, WHICH WERE SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER THAN 1.069+/-0.025 AND 1.053+/-0.044 (WITH T VALUES OF 20.91 AND 13.66, RESPECTIVELY, P VALUES ALL <0.01) AND 0.38+/-0.04 AND 0.45+/-0.05 (WITH T VALUES OF 9.69 AND 12.46, RESPECTIVELY, P VALUES ALL <0.01) IN NORMAL SKIN TISSUE OF ACUTE WOUND PATIENTS. CONCLUSIONS: COMPARED WITH NORMAL SKIN TISSUE, THERE IS DEG PROFILE IN DFU TISSUE OF DFU PATIENTS, WITH DEGS BEING SIGNIFICANTLY ENRICHED IN THE ASPECTS OF KC DIFFERENTIATION AND KERATIN FUNCTION. KEY DEGS ARE RELATED TO THE BIOLOGICAL FUNCTION OF KC, AND THEIR LOW EXPRESSIONS IN DFU TISSUE OF DFU PATIENTS MAY IMPEDE ULCER HEALING.	2022	

2  3477  50 IDENTIFICATION OF ABNORMALLY METHYLATED DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES IN CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS BY INTEGRATED BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSIS. BACKGROUND: DNA METHYLATION PLAYS A VITAL ROLE AS AN EPIGENETIC CHANGE THAT CONTRIBUTES TO CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS. OBJECTIVE: THIS STUDY AIMED TO INTEGRATE TWO METHYLATION DATASETS (GSE173081 AND GSE59962) AND TWO GENE EXPRESSION DATASETS (GSE10334 AND GES16134) TO IDENTIFY ABNORMALLY METHYLATED DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES RELATED TO CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS. METHODS: DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED GENES WERE OBTAINED. FUNCTIONAL ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS OF DMGS WAS PERFORMED. THE PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTION (PPI) NETWORK WAS CONSTRUCTED USING STRING AND CYTOSCAPE SOFTWARE. FINALLY, THE HUB GENES WERE SELECTED FROM THE PPI NETWORK BY USING CYTOHUBBA. RESULTS: IN TOTAL, 122 HYPOMETHYLATED AND HIGHLY EXPRESSED GENES WERE ENRICHED IN THE BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS THAT ARE INVOLVED IN THE DIFFERENTIATION OF EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX ORGANIZATION, EXTRACELLULAR STRUCTURE ORGANIZATION, AND CELL CHEMOTAXIS. THE THREE SELECTED HUB GENES OF THE PPI NETWORK WERE IL1B, KDR, AND MMP9. A TOTAL OF 122 HYPERMETHYLATED AND LOWLY EXPRESSED GENES WERE IDENTIFIED, AND BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES, SUCH AS CORNIFICATION, EPIDERMIS DEVELOPMENT, SKIN DEVELOPMENT, AND KERATINOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION WERE ENRICHED. CDSN DSG1, AND KRT2 WERE IDENTIFIED AS THE TOP 3 HUB GENES OF THE PPI NETWORK. CONCLUSION: BASED ON THE COMPREHENSIVE BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSIS, SIX HUB GENES (IL1B, KDR, MMP9, CDSN DSG1, AND KRT2) WERE ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS. OUR FINDINGS PROVIDE NOVEL INSIGHTS INTO THE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
3  2755  32 EXPRESSION OF CLASS II HISTONE DEACETYLASES IN TWO MOUSE MODELS OF TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY. EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS LIKE ALTERED HISTONE ACETYLATION MAY HAVE A CRUCIAL ROLE IN EPILEPTOGENESIS. IN TWO MOUSE MODELS OF TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY, WE INVESTIGATED CHANGES IN THE EXPRESSION OF CLASS II HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDAC), A GROUP OF SIGNAL TRANSDUCERS THAT SHUTTLE BETWEEN NUCLEUS AND CYTOPLASM. INTRAHIPPOCAMPAL INJECTION OF KAINIC ACID (KA) INDUCED A STATUS EPILEPTICUS, DEVELOPMENT OF SPONTANEOUS SEIZURES (AFTER 3 DAYS), AND FINALLY CHRONIC EPILEPSY AND GRANULE CELL DISPERSION. EXPRESSION OF CLASS II HDAC MRNAS WAS INVESTIGATED AT DIFFERENT TIME INTERVALS AFTER KA INJECTION IN THE GRANULE CELL LAYERS AND IN SECTORS CA1 AND CA3 CONTRALATERAL TO THE SITE OF KA INJECTION LACKING NEURODEGENERATION. INCREASED EXPRESSION OF HDAC5 AND 9 MRNAS COINCIDED WITH PRONOUNCED GRANULE CELL DISPERSION IN THE KA-INJECTED HIPPOCAMPUS AT LATE INTERVALS (14-28 DAYS AFTER KA) AND EQUALLY AFFECTED BOTH HDAC9 SPLICE VARIANTS. IN CONTRAST, IN THE PILOCARPINE MODEL (SHOWING NO GRANULE CELL DISPERSION), WE OBSERVED DECREASES IN THE EXPRESSION OF HDAC5 AND 9 AT THE SAME TIME INTERVALS. BEYOND THIS, STRIKING SIMILARITIES BETWEEN BOTH TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY MODELS SUCH AS FAST DECREASES IN HDAC7 AND 10 MRNAS DURING THE ACUTE STATUS EPILEPTICUS WERE OBSERVED, NOTABLY ALSO IN THE CONTRALATERAL HIPPOCAMPUS NOT AFFECTED BY NEURODEGENERATION. THE PARTICULAR PATTERNS OF HDAC MRNA EXPRESSION SUGGEST A ROLE IN EPILEPTOGENESIS AND GRANULE CELL DISPERSION. REDUCED EXPRESSION OF HDACS MAY RESULT IN INCREASED EXPRESSION OF PRO- AND ANTICONVULSIVE PROTEINS. ON THE OTHER HAND, EXPORT OF HDACS FROM THE NUCLEUS INTO THE CYTOPLASM COULD ALLOW FOR DEACETYLATION OF CYTOPLASMATIC PROTEINS INVOLVED IN AXONAL AND DENDRITIC REMODELING, LIKE GRANULE CELL DISPERSION. HDAC 5 AND HDAC 9 EXPRESSION IS HIGHLY INCREASED IN GRANULE CELLS OF THE KA-INJECTED HIPPOCAMPUS AND PARALLELS GRANULE CELL DISPERSION. BOTH HDACS ARE THOUGHT TO BE TARGETED TO THE CYTOPLASM AND TO ACT THERE BY DEACETYLATING CYTOPLASMATIC (E.G. CYTOSCELETON-RELATED) PROTEINS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
4    79  43 A NEW PROSPECT FOR THE TREATMENT OF NEPHROTIC SYNDROME BASED ON NETWORK PHARMACOLOGY ANALYSIS. NETWORK PHARMACOLOGY IS AN EMERGING FIELD WHICH IS CURRENTLY CAPTURING INTEREST IN DRUG DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT. CHRONIC KIDNEY CONDITIONS HAVE BECOME A THREAT GLOBALLY DUE TO ITS ASSOCIATED LIFELONG THERAPIES. NEPHROTIC SYNDROME (NS) IS A COMMON GLOMERULAR DISEASE THAT IS SEEN IN PAEDIATRIC AND ADULT POPULATION WITH CHARACTERISTIC MANIFESTATION OF PROTEINURIA, OEDEMA, HYPOALBUMINEMIA, AND HYPERLIPIDEMIA. IT INVOLVES PODOCYTE DAMAGE WITH TUBULOINTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS AND GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS. TILL DATE THERE HAS BEEN NO SPECIFIC TREATMENT AVAILABLE FOR THIS CONDITION THAT PROVIDES COMPLETE REMISSION. REPURPOSING OF DRUGS CAN THUS BE A POTENTIAL STRATEGY FOR THE TREATMENT OF NS. RECENTLY, EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS WERE IDENTIFIED THAT PROMOTE PROGRESSION OF MANY RENAL DISEASES. THEREFORE, IN THE PRESENT STUDY, WE INVESTIGATED TWO EPIGENETIC DRUGS VALPROIC ACID (VPA) AND ALL-TRANS RETINOIC ACID (ATRA). EPIGENETIC DRUGS ACT BY BINGING ABOUT CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION WITHOUT ALTERING THE DNA SEQUENCE. THE CHANGES INCLUDE DNA METHYLATION OR HISTONE MODIFICATIONS. THE TARGETS FOR THE TWO DRUGS ATRA AND VPA WERE COLLATED FROM CHEMBL AND BINDING DB. ALL THE GENES ASSOCIATED WITH NS WERE COLLECTED FROM DISGENET AND KEGG DATABASE. INTERACTING PROTEINS FOR THE TARGET GENES WERE ACQUIRED FROM STRING DATABASE. THE GENES WERE THEN SUBJECTED TO GENE ONTOLOGY AND PATHWAY ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS USING A FUNCTIONAL ENRICHMENT SOFTWARE TOOL. A DRUG-TARGET AND DRUG-POTENTIAL TARGET-PROTEIN INTERACTION NETWORK WAS CONSTRUCTED USING THE CYTOSCAPE SOFTWARE. OUR RESULTS REVEALED THAT THE TWO DRUGS VPA AND ATRA HAD 65 COMMON TARGETS THAT CONTRIBUTED TO KIDNEY DISEASES. OUT OF WHICH, 25 TARGETS WERE SPECIFICALLY NS ASSOCIATED. FURTHER, OUR WORK EXHIBITED THAT ATRA AND VPA WERE SYNERGISTICALLY INVOLVED IN PATHWAYS OF INFLAMMATION, RENAL FIBROSIS, GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS AND POSSIBLY MITOCHONDRIAL BIOGENESIS AND ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM STRESS. WE THUS PROPOSE A SYNERGISTIC POTENTIAL OF THE TWO DRUGS FOR TREATING CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASES, SPECIFICALLY NS. THE OUTCOMES WILL UNDOUBTEDLY INVIGORATE FURTHER PRECLINICAL AND CLINICAL EXPLORATIVE STUDIES. WE IDENTIFY NETWORK PHARMACOLOGY AS AN INITIAL INHERENT APPROACH IN IDENTIFYING DRUG CANDIDATES FOR REPURPOSING AND SYNERGISM.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
5  3070  48 GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION PROFILING IN CD8 T-CELLS AND GAMMA DELTA T-CELLS OF ASIAN INDIAN PATIENTS WITH TAKAYASU ARTERITIS. BACKGROUND: TAKAYASU'S ARTERITIS (TA) IS A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE THAT AFFECTS AORTA AND ITS MAIN BRANCHES AT THEIR ORIGIN. GENETIC, PATHOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT CD8 AND GAMMA DELTA (GAMMA/DELTA) T-LYMPHOCYTES ARE INVOLVED IN INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES IN AFFECTED REGIONS OF ARTERIES CAUSING VASCULAR DAMAGE. THE MOLECULAR FUNCTION OF THESE LYMPHOCYTES REMAINS UNCLEAR AND CURRENTLY NO EPIGENETIC STUDIES ARE AVAILABLE IN TA. WE PRIMARILY PERFORMED GENOME WIDE METHYLATION ANALYSIS IN CD8 T CELLS AND GAMMADELTA T CELLS OF PATIENTS WITH TA AND COMPARED WITH HEALTHY CONTROLS. METHODS: WE RECRUITED 12 SUBJECTS IN EACH GROUP NAMELY TA PATIENT AND HEALTHY CONTROLS. BLOOD SAMPLES WERE COLLECTED AFTER OBTAINING INFORMED WRITTEN CONSENT. CD8 T CELLS AND GAMMADELTA T CELLS WERE SEPARATED FROM WHOLE BLOOD. DNA EXTRACTED FROM THESE CELLS AND WERE SUBJECTED TO BISULFITE TREATMENT. FINALLY, BISULFITE TREATED DNA WAS LOADED IN INFINIUM METHYLATION EPIC ARRAY. BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSIS WAS USED TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION REGIONS WHICH WERE THEN MAPPED TO GENES. RESULTS: INTERLEUKIN (IL)-32 AND LYMPHOTOXIN-A WERE GENES SIGNIFICANTLY HYPOMETHYLATED IN CD8 T-CELLS. ANTI-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE GENES, IL-10, IL-1RN AND IL-27 WERE HYPOMETHYLATED IN GAMMADELTA T CELLS OF TA PATIENTS AS COMPARED TO HEALTHY CONTROLS. GENE ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS USING GENE ONTOLOGY (GO) DATABASE AND KYOTO ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF GENES AND GENOMES (KEGG) IDENTIFIED THAT GENES INVOLVED IN T-CELL RECEPTOR SIGNALLING PATHWAYS WERE HYPOMETHYLATED IN CD8 T-CELLS AND HYPERMETHYLATED IN GAMMADELTA T CELLS OF TA PATIENTS. CONCLUSION: CD8 T-CELLS MIGHT PLAY A MAJOR ROLE IN IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS OF INFLAMMATION IN TA, WHEREAS GAMMADELTA T CELLS MAY PLAY A REGULATORY ROLE.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
6   408  46 ANALYSIS OF GENE EXPRESSION AND METHYLATION DATASETS IDENTIFIED ADAMTS9, FKBP5, AND PFKBF3 AS BIOMARKERS FOR OSTEOARTHRITIS. BACKGROUND: OSTEOARTHRITIS (OA) IS A KIND OF CHRONIC OSTEOARTHROPATHY AND DEGENERATIVE JOINT DISEASE. EPIGENETIC REGULATION IN THE GENE EXPRESSION DYNAMICS HAS BECOME INCREASINGLY IMPORTANT IN OA. WE PERFORMED A COMBINED ANALYSIS OF TWO TYPES OF MICROARRAY DATASETS (GENE EXPRESSION AND DNA METHYLATION) TO IDENTIFY METHYLATION-BASED KEY BIOMARKERS TO PROVIDE A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF OA. METHODS: WE OBTAINED TWO EXPRESSION PROFILING DATASETS (GSE55235, GSE55457) AND ONE DNA METHYLATION PROFILING DATA SET (GSE63695) FROM THE GENE EXPRESSION OMNIBUS. FIRST, DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES (DEGS) BETWEEN PATIENTS WITH OA AND CONTROLS WERE IDENTIFIED USING THE LIMMA PACKAGE IN R(V3.4.4). THEN, FUNCTION ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS OF DEGS WAS PERFORMED USING A DAVID DATABASE. FOR DNA METHYLATION DATASETS, CHAMP METHYLATION ANALYSIS PACKAGE WAS USED TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION GENES (DMGS). FINALLY, A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF DEGS AND DMGS WAS CONDUCTED TO IDENTIFY GENES THAT EXHIBITED DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION AND METHYLATION SIMULTANEOUSLY. RESULTS: WE IDENTIFIED 112 DEGS AND 2,896 DMGS IN PATIENTS WITH OA COMPARED WITH CONTROLS. FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF DEGS OBTAINED THAT INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES, IMMUNE RESPONSES, AND POSITIVE REGULATION OF APOPTOSIS, TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR (TNF) SIGNALING PATHWAY, AND OSTEOCLAST DIFFERENTIATION MAY BE INVOLVED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF OA. CROSS-ANALYSIS REVEALED 26 GENES THAT EXHIBITED DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION AND METHYLATION IN OA. AMONG THEM, ADAMTS9, FKBP5, AND PFKBF3 WERE IDENTIFIED AS VALUABLE METHYLATION-BASED BIOMARKERS FOR OA. CONCLUSION: IN SUMMARY, OUR STUDY IDENTIFIED DIFFERENT MOLECULAR FEATURES BETWEEN PATIENTS WITH OA AND CONTROLS. THIS MAY PROVIDE NEW CLUES FOR CLARIFYING THE PATHOGENETIC MECHANISMS OF OA.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
7  1589  48 DNA METHYLATION PROFILING IN A CIGARETTE SMOKE-EXPOSED MOUSE MODEL OF AIRWAY INFLAMMATION. PURPOSE: DNA METHYLATION, A MAJOR EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION, HAS BEEN DOCUMENTED TO PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD). IN THIS STUDY, WE AIMED TO PROFILE THE DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS IN A MOUSE MODEL OF AIRWAY INFLAMMATION INDUCED BY CIGARETTE SMOKE (CS), A FOREMOST RISK FACTOR OF COPD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: TO ESTABLISH A MODEL OF AIRWAY INFLAMMATION, WILD-TYPE MICE WERE EXPOSED TO MAINSTREAM CS OR ROOM AIR FOR 2 HOURS TWICE DAILY, 6 DAYS PER WEEK FOR CONSECUTIVE 4 WEEKS. LUNG TISSUES OF THE MICE WERE COLLECTED FOR GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION ANALYSIS BY LIQUID HYBRIDIZATION CAPTURE-BASED BISULFITE SEQUENCING, WHICH WERE USED FOR INTERSECTION ANALYSIS WITH GENE EXPRESSION BY CDNA MICROARRAY TO IDENTIFY CANDIDATE METHYLATED GENES. THEN, FUNCTIONAL ENRICHMENT ANALYSES WITH PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTION (PPI) NETWORK REGARDING THESE GENES WERE CONDUCTED TO EXPLORE THE POTENTIAL MECHANISMS. RESULTS: AFTER 4-WEEK CS EXPOSURE, THE LEVEL OF DNA METHYLATION ACCOMPANIED BY A SUBACUTE AIRWAY INFLAMMATION WAS MARKEDLY ENHANCED, AND 2002 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED GENES (DMGS) WERE ANNOTATED, INCLUDING 565 DMGS CONTAINED METHYLATIONS IN GENE PROMOTERS, WHICH WERE USED FOR INTERSECTION WITH THE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES. THEN, 135 CANDIDATE METHYLATED GENES WERE FURTHER SELECTED BY THE INTERSECTION, AMONG WHICH 58 GENES WITH FUNCTIONAL METHYLATED MODIFICATION WERE FINALLY IDENTIFIED. FURTHER ANALYSES REVEALED CANDIDATE METHYLATED GENES WERE SIGNIFICANTLY ENRICHED IN A COMPLICATED NETWORK OF SIGNALS AND PROCESSES, INCLUDING INTERLEUKINS, TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS, T-CELLS DIFFERENTIATION, OXIDATIVE STRESS, MAST CELLS ACTIVATION, STEM CELLS PROLIFERATION, ETC., AS WELL AS THE 58 FUNCTIONAL METHYLATED GENES WERE PARTIALLY LOCATED AT KEY POSITIONS IN PPI NETWORK, ESPECIALLY CXCL1, DDX58 AND JAK3. CONCLUSION: THIS STUDY SUGGESTS CS EXPOSURE SIGNIFICANTLY ENHANCES DNA METHYLATED LEVEL, AND THE POTENTIAL FUNCTIONAL METHYLATED GENES ARE CLOSELY RELATED TO COMPLICATED INFLAMMATORY-IMMUNE RESPONSES, WHICH MAY PROVIDE SOME NEW EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE IN UNDERSTANDING THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS OF CS-INDUCED AIRWAY INFLAMMATION IN COPD.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
8  1718  40 DYSREGULATED LONG NON-CODING RNAS IN THE TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY MOUSE MODEL. PURPOSE: TO PERFORM COMPREHENSIVE PROFILING OF LONG NON-CODING RNAS (LNCRNAS) IN TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY. METHODS: WE PERFORMED EXTENSIVE PROFILING OF LNCRNAS AND MRNAS IN THE MOUSE PILOCARPINE MODEL IN SPECIFIC BRAIN REGIONS, THE HIPPOCAMPUS AND CORTEX, AND COMPARED THE RESULTS TO THOSE OF THE CONTROL MOUSE. DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED LNCRNAS AND MRNAS WERE IDENTIFIED WITH A MICROARRAY ANALYSIS (ARRAYSTAR MOUSE LNCRNA EXPRESSION MICROARRAY V3.0). THEN, GENE ONTOLOGY (GO) AND PATHWAY ANALYSIS WERE PERFORMED TO INVESTIGATE THE POTENTIAL ROLES OF THE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED MRNAS IN THE PILOCARPINE MODEL. PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS TRANSCRIBED BY DYSREGULATED MRNAS WITH/WITHOUT CO-DYSREGULATED LNCRNAS WERE ANALYZED USING STRING V10 (HTTP://STRING-DB.ORG/). RESULTS: A TOTAL OF 22 AND 83 LNCRNAS WERE UP- AND DOWN-REGULATED (>/=2.0-FOLD, ALL P < .05), RESPECTIVELY, IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS OF THE EPILEPSY MODEL, WHILE 46 AND 659 LNCRNAS WERE UP- AND DOWN-REGULATED, RESPECTIVELY, IN THE CORTEX OF THE EPILEPSY MODEL. GO AND PATHWAY ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT THE DYSREGULATED MRNAS WERE CLOSELY ASSOCIATED WITH A PROCESS ALREADY KNOWN TO BE INVOLVED IN EPILEPTOGENESIS: ACUTE INFLAMMATION, CALCIUM ION REGULATION, EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX REMODELING, AND NEURONAL DIFFERENTIATION. AMONG THE LNCRNAS, WE IDENTIFIED 10 LNCRNAS COMMONLY DYSREGULATED WITH CORRESPONDING MRNAS IN THE CORTEX. THE STRING ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT THE DYSREGULATED MRNAS WERE INTERCONNECTED AROUND TWO CENTERS: THE MTOR PATHWAY-RELATED GENES AND REST PATHWAY-RELATED GENES. CONCLUSION: LNCRNAS WERE DYSREGULATED IN THE PILOCARPINE MOUSE MODEL ACCORDING TO THE BRAIN REGIONS OF THE HIPPOCAMPUS AND CORTEX. THE DYSREGULATED LNCRNAS WITH CO-DYSREGULATED MRNAS MIGHT BE POSSIBLE THERAPEUTIC TARGETS FOR THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF CHRONIC EPILEPSY.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
9  1571  55 DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS IN CD8(+) T CELLS DISCERN PSORIASIS FROM PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS AND CORRELATE WITH CUTANEOUS DISEASE ACTIVITY. BACKGROUND: PSORIASIS IS A T CELL-MEDIATED CHRONIC AUTOIMMUNE/INFLAMMATORY DISEASE. WHILE SOME PATIENTS EXPERIENCE DISEASE LIMITED TO THE SKIN (SKIN PSORIASIS), OTHERS DEVELOP JOINT INVOLVEMENT (PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS; PSA). IN THE ABSENCE OF DISEASE- AND/OR OUTCOME-SPECIFIC BIOMARKERS, AND AS ARTHRITIS CAN PRECEDE SKIN MANIFESTATIONS, DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC DELAYS ARE COMMON AND CONTRIBUTE TO DISEASE BURDEN AND DAMAGE ACCRUAL. OBJECTIVE: ALTERED EPIGENETIC MARKS, INCLUDING DNA METHYLATION, CONTRIBUTE TO EFFECTOR T CELL PHENOTYPES AND ALTERED CYTOKINE EXPRESSION IN AUTOIMMUNE/INFLAMMATORY DISEASES. THIS PROJECT AIMED AT THE IDENTIFICATION OF DISEASE-/OUTCOME-SPECIFIC DNA METHYLATION SIGNATURES IN CD8(+) T CELLS FROM PATIENTS WITH PSORIASIS AND PSA AS COMPARED TO HEALTHY CONTROLS. METHOD: PERIPHERAL BLOOD CD8(+) T CELLS FROM NINE HEALTHY CONTROLS, 10 PSORIASIS, AND SEVEN PSA PATIENTS WERE COLLECTED TO ANALYZE DNA METHYLATION MARKS USING ILLUMINA HUMAN METHYLATION EPIC BEADCHIPS (>850,000 CPGS PER SAMPLE). BIOINFORMATIC ANALYSIS WAS PERFORMED USING R (MINFI, LIMMA, CHAMP, AND DMRCATE PACKAGES). RESULTS: DNA METHYLATION PROFILES IN CD8(+) T CELLS DIFFERENTIATE HEALTHY CONTROLS FROM PSORIASIS PATIENTS [397 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED POSITIONS (DMPS); 9 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS (DMRS) WHEN >/=CPGS PER DMR WERE CONSIDERED; 2 DMRS FOR >/=10 CPGS]. FURTHERMORE, PATIENTS WITH SKIN PSORIASIS CAN BE DISCRIMINATED FROM PSA PATIENTS [1,861 DMPS, 20 DMRS (>/=5 CPGS PER REGION), 4 DMRS (>/=10 CPGS PER REGION)]. GENE ONTOLOGY (GO) ANALYSES CONSIDERING GENES WITH >/=1 DMP IN THEIR PROMOTER DELIVERED METHYLATION DEFECTS IN SKIN PSORIASIS AND PSA PRIMARILY AFFECTING THE BMP SIGNALING PATHWAY AND ENDOPEPTIDASE REGULATOR ACTIVITY, RESPECTIVELY. GO ANALYSIS OF GENES ASSOCIATED WITH DMRS BETWEEN SKIN PSORIASIS AND PSA DEMONSTRATED AN ENRICHMENT OF GABAERGIC NEURON AND CORTEX NEURON DEVELOPMENT PATHWAYS. TREATMENT WITH CYTOKINE BLOCKERS ASSOCIATED WITH DNA METHYLATION CHANGES [2,372 DMPS; 1,907 DMPS WITHIN PROMOTERS, 7 DMRS (>/=5 CPG PER REGIONS)] AFFECTING TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA RECEPTOR AND TRANSMEMBRANE RECEPTOR PROTEIN SERINE/THREONINE KINASE SIGNALING PATHWAYS. LASTLY, A METHYLATION SCORE INCLUDING TNF AND IL-17 PATHWAY ASSOCIATED DMPS INVERSE CORRELATES WITH SKIN DISEASE ACTIVITY SCORES (PASI). CONCLUSION: PATIENTS WITH SKIN PSORIASIS EXHIBIT DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS IN CD8(+) T CELLS THAT ALLOW DIFFERENTIATION FROM PSA PATIENTS AND HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS, AND REFLECT CLINICAL ACTIVITY OF SKIN DISEASE. THUS, DNA METHYLATION PROFILING PROMISES POTENTIAL AS DIAGNOSTIC AND PROGNOSTIC TOOL TO BE USED FOR MOLECULAR PATIENT STRATIFICATION TOWARD INDIVIDUALIZED TREATMENT.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
10  2664  57 ESTABLISHMENT AND VALIDATION OF EXHAUSTED CD8+ T CELL FEATURE AS A PROGNOSTIC MODEL OF HCC. OBJECTIVES: THE EXHAUSTED CD8+T (TEX) CELLS ARE A UNIQUE CELL POPULATION OF ACTIVATED T CELLS THAT EMERGES IN RESPONSE TO PERSISTENT VIRAL INFECTION OR TUMOR ANTIGENS. TEX CELLS SHOWED THE CHARACTERISTICS OF AGING CELLS, INCLUDING WEAKENED SELF-RENEWAL ABILITY, EFFECTOR FUNCTION INHIBITION, SUSTAINED HIGH EXPRESSION OF INHIBITORY RECEPTORS INCLUDING PD-1, TIGIT, TIM-3, AND LAG-3, AND ALWAYS ACCOMPANIED BY METABOLIC AND EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING. TEX CELLS ARE GETTING MORE AND MORE ATTENTION IN RESEARCHING IMMUNE-RELATED DISEASES AND TUMOR IMMUNOTHERAPY. HOWEVER, STUDIES ON TEX-RELATED MODELS FOR TUMOR PROGNOSIS ARE STILL LACKING. WE HOPE TO ESTABLISH A RISK MODEL BASED ON TEX-RELATED GENES FOR HCC PROGNOSIS. METHODS: TEX-RELATED GEO DATASETS FROM DIFFERENT PATHOLOGIC FACTORS (CHRONIC HBV, CHRONIC HCV, AND TELOMERE SHORTENING) WERE ANALYZED RESPECTIVELY TO ACQUIRE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES (DEGS) BY THE 'LIMMA' PACKAGE OF R. GENES WITH AT LEAST ONE INTERSECTION WERE INCORPORATED INTO TEX-RELATED GENE SET. GO, KEGG, AND GSEA ENRICHMENT ANALYSES WERE PRODUCED. HUB GENES AND THE PPI NETWORK WERE ESTABLISHED AND VISUALIZED BY THE STRING WEBSITE AND CYTOSCAPE SOFTWARE. TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS AND TARGETING SMALL MOLECULES WERE PREDICTED BY THE TRUST AND CLUE WEBSITES. THE TEX-RELATED HCC PROGNOSTIC MODEL WAS BUILT BY COX REGRESSION AND VERIFIED BASED ON DIFFERENT DATASETS. TUMOR IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION AND EXCLUSION (TIDE) AND SUBMAP ALGORITHMS TESTED IMMUNOTHERAPY SENSITIVITY. FINALLY, QRT-PCR AND FLOW CYTOMETRY WAS USED TO CONFIRM THE BIOINFORMATIC RESULTS. RESULTS: HUB GENES SUCH AS AKT1, CDC6, TNF AND THEIR UPSTREAM TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR ILF3, REGULATORY FACTOR X-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN, STAT3, JUN, AND RELA/NFKB1 WERE IDENTIFIED AS POTENTIAL MOTIVATORS FOR TEX. TEX-RELATED GENES SLC16A11, CACYBP, HSF2, AND ATG10 BUILT THE HCC PROGNOSTIC MODEL AND HELPED WITH IMMUNOTHERAPY SENSITIVITY PREDICTION. CONCLUSION: OUR STUDY DEMONSTRATED THAT TEX-RELATED GENES MIGHT PROVIDE ACCURATE PREDICTION FOR HCC PATIENTS IN CLINICAL DECISION-MAKING, PROGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT, AND IMMUNOTHERAPY. IN ADDITION, TARGETING THE HUB GENES OR TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS MAY HELP TO REVERSE T CELL FUNCTION AND ENHANCE THE EFFECT OF TUMOR IMMUNOTHERAPY.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
11  3501  54 IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS FOR SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS BY INTEGRATED ANALYSIS OF GENE EXPRESSION AND METHYLATION DATA. INTRODUCTION: SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE) IS A HETEROGENEOUS AND CHRONIC AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE. ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION OCCURS DURING VARIOUS PROCESSES OF SLE DEVELOPMENT REGULATING THE MRNA EXPRESSION OF INTERRELATED GENES. THIS STUDY AIMS TO SCREEN POTENTIAL DNA METHYLATION MARKERS FOR SLE. METHODS: GENE EXPRESSION AND METHYLATION DATASETS WERE DOWNLOADED FROM THE GENE EXPRESSION OMNIBUS (GEO) DATABASE. DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES (DEGS) BETWEEN SLE PATIENTS AND HEALTHY CONTROLS WERE SCREENED USING THE LIMMA R PACKAGE, AND DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED POSITIONS (DMPS) AND REGIONS (DMRS) WERE IDENTIFIED USING DMPFINDER AND BUMPHUNTER (MINFI). ADDITIONALLY, THE DNA METHYLATION MARKERS TO DISTINGUISH SLE PATIENTS FROM HEALTHY CONTROLS WERE EXPLORED THROUGH RECEIVER OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC (ROC) CURVES AND LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSES. FINALLY, WE VALIDATED THE RESULTS OF THE BIOINFORMATIC ANALYSIS BY PYROSEQUENCING. RESULTS: IN TOTAL, 91 DEGS, 90,092 DMPS, 15 DMRS, AND 13 DMR-ASSOCIATED GENES WERE IDENTIFIED. THROUGH THE INTEGRATIVE ANALYSIS OF DEG- AND DMR-ASSOCIATED GENES, WE IDENTIFIED FIVE TYPE I INTERFERON (IFN)-RELATED GENES AS KEY EPIGENETIC-DRIVEN GENES IN SLE. GO ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT THE FIVE SLE-ASSOCIATED EPIGENETIC-DRIVEN GENES WERE MAINLY ENRICHED IN THE TYPE I IFN SIGNALING PATHWAY INVOLVED IN IMMUNE RESPONSE AND DEFENSE RESPONSE TO VIRUS. MOREOVER, WE IDENTIFIED TWO SLE-SPECIFIC DNA METHYLATION MARKERS, THREE SLE WITHOUT LUPUS NEPHRITIS (SLE-LN(-))-SPECIFIC DNA METHYLATION MARKERS, AND TWO SLE WITH LUPUS NEPHRITIS (SLE-LN(+))-SPECIFIC DNA METHYLATION MARKERS BY STEPWISE LOGISTIC REGRESSION. CONCLUSIONS: OVERALL, OUR STUDY DEMONSTRATES POTENTIAL DNA METHYLATION MARKERS OF SLE, SLE-LN(-), AND SLE-LN(+), WHICH MAY HELP THE DIAGNOSIS, BOOST THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW EPIGENETIC THERAPY, AND CONTRIBUTE TO INDIVIDUALIZED TREATMENT. KEY POINTS * THIS STUDY IDENTIFIED FIVE TYPE I IFN-RELATED GENES AS KEY EPIGENETIC-DRIVEN GENES IN SLE, WHICH SUPPORT THE IMPORTANCE OF THE TYPE I IFN PATHWAY IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF SLE * WE IDENTIFIED NOVEL DNA METHYLATION BIOMARKERS IN SLE, SLE-LN-, AND SLE-LN+ BY A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOINFORMATICS METHODS AND EXECUTED EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION, AND BINARY LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT THEY HAVE EXCELLENT POTENTIAL * THESE RESULTS MAY PROVIDE NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF SLE, AND IDENTIFY RELIABLE BIOMARKERS FOR SLE, SLE-LN-, AND SLE-LN+, WHICH MAY CONTRIBUTE TO DIAGNOSIS AND INDIVIDUALIZED TREATMENT.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
12  2406  45 EPIGENETIC RESPONSES TO RHINOVIRUS EXPOSURE IN AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS ARE CORRELATED WITH KEY TRANSCRIPTIONAL PATHWAYS IN CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS. BACKGROUND: VIRUSES MAY DRIVE IMMUNE MECHANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS WITH NASAL POLYPOSIS (CRSWNP), BUT LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT THE UNDERLYING MOLECULAR MECHANISMS. OBJECTIVES: TO IDENTIFY EPIGENETIC AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL RESPONSES TO A COMMON UPPER RESPIRATORY PATHOGEN, RHINOVIRUS (RV), THAT ARE SPECIFIC TO PATIENTS WITH CRSWNP USING A PRIMARY SINONASAL EPITHELIAL CELL CULTURE MODEL. METHODS: AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS WERE COLLECTED AT SURGERY FROM PATIENTS WITH CRSWNP (CASES) AND FROM CONTROLS WITHOUT SINUS DISEASE, CULTURED, AND THEN EXPOSED TO RV OR VEHICLE FOR 48 H. DIFFERENTIAL GENE EXPRESSION AND DNA METHYLATION (DNAM) BETWEEN CASES AND CONTROLS IN RESPONSE TO RV WERE DETERMINED USING LINEAR MIXED MODELS. WEIGHTED GENE CO-EXPRESSION ANALYSIS (WGCNA) WAS USED TO IDENTIFY (A) CO-REGULATED GENE EXPRESSION AND DNAM SIGNATURES, AND (B) GENES, PATHWAYS, AND REGULATORY MECHANISMS SPECIFIC TO CRSWNP. RESULTS: WE IDENTIFIED 5585 DIFFERENTIAL TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND 261 DNAM RESPONSES (FDR <0.10) TO RV BETWEEN CRSWNP CASES AND CONTROLS. THESE DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSES FORMED THREE CO-EXPRESSION/CO-METHYLATION MODULES THAT WERE RELATED TO CRSWNP AND THREE THAT WERE RELATED TO RV (BONFERRONI CORRECTED P < .01). MOST (95%) OF THE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPGS (DMCS) WERE IN MODULES RELATED TO CRSWNP, WHEREAS THE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES (DEGS) WERE MORE EQUALLY DISTRIBUTED BETWEEN THE CRSWNP- AND RV-RELATED MODULES. GENES IN THE CRSWNP-RELATED MODULES WERE ENRICHED IN KNOWN CRS AND/OR VIRAL RESPONSE IMMUNE PATHWAYS. CONCLUSION: RV ACTIVATES SPECIFIC EPIGENETIC PROGRAMS AND CORRELATED TRANSCRIPTIONAL NETWORKS IN THE SINONASAL EPITHELIUM OF INDIVIDUALS WITH CRSWNP. THESE NOVEL OBSERVATIONS SUGGEST EPIGENETIC SIGNATURES SPECIFIC TO PATIENTS WITH CRSWNP MODULATE RESPONSE TO VIRAL PATHOGENS AT THE MUCOSAL ENVIRONMENTAL INTERFACE. DETERMINING HOW VIRAL RESPONSE PATHWAYS ARE INVOLVED IN EPITHELIAL INFLAMMATION IN CRSWNP COULD LEAD TO THERAPEUTIC TARGETS FOR THIS BURDENSOME AIRWAY DISORDER.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
13  5345  38 RAPID CHANGES IN EXPRESSION OF CLASS I AND IV HISTONE DEACETYLASES DURING EPILEPTOGENESIS IN MOUSE MODELS OF TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY. A PROMINENT ROLE OF EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN MANIFESTATION OF EPILEPSY HAS BEEN PROPOSED. THUS ALTERED HISTONE H3 AND H4 ACETYLATION HAS BEEN DEMONSTRATED IN EXPERIMENTAL MODELS OF TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY (TLE). WE NOW INVESTIGATED CHANGES IN THE EXPRESSION OF THE CLASS I AND CLASS IV HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDAC) IN TWO COMPLEMENTARY MOUSE TLE MODELS. UNILATERAL INTRAHIPPOCAMPAL INJECTION OF KAINIC ACID (KA) INDUCED A STATUS EPILEPTICUS LASTING 6 TO 24H, DEVELOPMENT OF SPONTANEOUS LIMBIC SEIZURES (2 TO 3 DAYS AFTER KA INJECTION) AND CHRONIC EPILEPSY, AS REVEALED BY TELEMETRIC RECORDINGS OF THE EEGS. MICE WERE KILLED AT DIFFERENT INTERVALS AFTER KA INJECTION AND EXPRESSION OF HDAC MRNAS WAS INVESTIGATED BY IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION. WE OBSERVED MARKED DECREASES IN THE EXPRESSION OF HDACS 1, 2 AND 11 (BY UP TO 75%) IN THE GRANULE CELL AND PYRAMIDAL CELL LAYERS OF THE HIPPOCAMPUS DURING THE ACUTE STATUS EPILEPTICUS (2 TO 6H AFTER KA INJECTION). THIS WAS FOLLOWED BY INCREASED EXPRESSION OF ALL CLASS I HDAC MRNAS IN ALL PRINCIPAL CELL LAYERS OF THE HIPPOCAMPUS AFTER 12 TO 48 H. IN THE CHRONIC PHASE, 14 AND 28 DAYS AFTER KA, ONLY MODEST INCREASES IN THE EXPRESSION OF HDAC1 MRNA WERE OBSERVED IN GRANULE AND PYRAMIDAL CELLS. IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY USING AN ANTIBODY DETECTING HDAC2 REVEALED RESULTS CONSISTENT WITH THE MRNA DATA AND INDICATES ALSO EXPRESSION IN GLIAL CELLS ON THE INJECTION SIDE. SIMILAR CHANGES AS SEEN IN THE KA MODEL WERE OBSERVED AFTER A PILOCARPINE-INDUCED STATUS EPILEPTICUS EXCEPT THAT DECREASES IN HDACS 2, 3 AND 8 WERE ALSO SEEN AT THE CHRONIC 28 DAY INTERVAL. THE PROMINENT DECREASES IN HDAC EXPRESSION DURING STATUS EPILEPTICUS ARE CONSISTENT WITH THE PREVIOUSLY DEMONSTRATED INCREASED EXPRESSION OF NUMEROUS PROTEINS AND WITH THE AUGMENTED ACETYLATION OF HISTONE H4. IT IS SUGGESTED THAT RESPECTIVE PUTATIVE GENE PRODUCTS COULD FACILITATE PROCONVULSIVE AS WELL AS ANTICONVULSIVE MECHANISMS. THE INCREASED EXPRESSION OF ALL CLASS I HDACS DURING THE "SILENT PHASE", ON THE OTHER HAND, MAY BE RELATED TO DECREASED HISTONE ACETYLATION, WHICH COULD CAUSE A DECREASE IN EXPRESSION OF CERTAIN PROTEINS, A MECHANISM THAT COULD ALSO PROMOTE EPILEPTOGENESIS. THUS, ADDRESSING HDAC EXPRESSION MAY HAVE A THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL IN INTERFERING WITH A STATUS EPILEPTICUS AND WITH THE MANIFESTATION OF TLE.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
14  2418  43 EPIGENETIC SIGNATURE OF CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN IN HUMAN T CELLS. OBJECTIVE: DETERMINE IF CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN (LBP) IS ASSOCIATED WITH DNA METHYLATION SIGNATURES IN HUMAN T CELLS THAT WILL REVEAL NOVEL MECHANISMS AND POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS AND EXPLORE THE FEASIBILITY OF EPIGENETIC DIAGNOSTIC MARKERS FOR PAIN-RELATED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. METHODS: GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION ANALYSIS OF 850,000 CPG SITES IN WOMEN AND MEN WITH CHRONIC LBP AND PAIN-FREE CONTROLS WAS PERFORMED. T CELLS WERE ISOLATED (DISCOVERY COHORT, N = 32) AND USED TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPG SITES, AND GENE ONTOLOGIES AND MOLECULAR PATHWAYS WERE IDENTIFIED. A POLYGENIC DNA METHYLATION SCORE FOR LBP WAS GENERATED IN BOTH WOMEN AND MEN. VALIDATION WAS PERFORMED IN AN INDEPENDENT COHORT (VALIDATION COHORT, N = 63) OF CHRONIC LBP AND HEALTHY CONTROLS. RESULTS: ANALYSIS WITH THE DISCOVERY COHORT REVEALED A TOTAL OF 2,496 AND 419 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPGS IN WOMEN AND MEN, RESPECTIVELY. IN WOMEN, MOST OF THESE SITES WERE HYPOMETHYLATED AND ENRICHED IN GENES WITH FUNCTIONS IN THE EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX, IN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM (IE, CYTOKINES), OR IN EPIGENETIC PROCESSES. IN MEN, A UNIQUE CHRONIC LBP DNA METHYLATION SIGNATURE WAS IDENTIFIED CHARACTERIZED BY SIGNIFICANT ENRICHMENT FOR GENES FROM THE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX. SEX-SPECIFIC POLYGENIC DNA METHYLATION SCORES WERE GENERATED TO ESTIMATE THE PAIN STATUS OF EACH INDIVIDUAL AND CONFIRMED IN THE VALIDATION COHORT USING PYROSEQUENCING. CONCLUSION: THIS STUDY REVEALS SEX-SPECIFIC DNA METHYLATION SIGNATURES IN HUMAN T CELLS THAT DISCRIMINATES CHRONIC LBP PARTICIPANTS FROM HEALTHY CONTROLS.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
15   401  39 ANALYSIS OF ABERRANT METHYLATION ON PROMOTER SEQUENCES OF TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES AND TOTAL DNA IN SPUTUM SAMPLES: A PROMISING TOOL FOR EARLY DETECTION OF COPD AND LUNG CANCER IN SMOKERS. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) IS A DISORDER ASSOCIATED TO CIGARETTE SMOKE AND LUNG CANCER (LC). SINCE EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN ONCOGENES AND TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES (TSGS) ARE CLEARLY IMPORTANT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LC. IN THIS STUDY, WE HYPOTHESIZE THAT TOBACCO SMOKERS ARE SUSCEPTIBLE FOR METHYLATION IN THE PROMOTER REGION OF TSGS IN AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS WHEN COMPARED WITH NON-SMOKER SUBJECTS. THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE USEFULNESS OF DETECTION OF GENES PROMOTER METHYLATION IN SPUTUM SPECIMENS, AS A COMPLEMENTARY TOOL TO IDENTIFY LC BIOMARKERS AMONG SMOKERS WITH EARLY COPD. METHODS: WE DETERMINED THE AMOUNT OF DNA IN INDUCED SPUTUM FROM PATIENTS WITH COPD (N = 23), LC (N = 26), AS WELL AS IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS (CTR) (N = 33), USING A COMMERCIAL KIT FOR DNA PURIFICATION, FOLLOWED BY ABSORBANCE MEASUREMENT AT 260 NM. THE FREQUENCY OF CDKN2A, CDH1 AND MGMT PROMOTER METHYLATION IN THE SAME GROUPS WAS DETERMINED BY METHYLATION-SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (MSP). THE FISHER'S EXACT TEST WAS EMPLOYED TO COMPARE FREQUENCY OF RESULTS BETWEEN DIFFERENT GROUPS. RESULTS: DNA CONCENTRATION WAS 7.4 AND 5.8 TIMES HIGHER IN LC AND COPD COMPARED TO THE (CTR) (P < 0.0001), RESPECTIVELY. METHYLATION STATUS OF CDKN2A AND MGMT WAS SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER IN COPD AND LC PATIENTS COMPARED WITH CTR GROUP (P < 0.0001). FREQUENCY OF CDH1 METHYLATION ONLY SHOWED A STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LC PATIENTS AND CTR GROUP (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: WE PROVIDE EVIDENCE THAT ABERRANT METHYLATION OF TSGS IN SAMPLES OF INDUCED SPUTUM IS A USEFUL TOOL FOR EARLY DIAGNOSTIC OF LUNG DISEASES (LC AND COPD) IN SMOKER SUBJECTS. VIRTUAL SLIDES: THE ABSTRACT MUST FINISH WITH THE FOLLOWING TEXT: VIRTUAL SLIDES THE VIRTUAL SLIDE(S) FOR THIS ARTICLE CAN BE FOUND HERE: HTTP://WWW.DIAGNOSTICPATHOLOGY.DIAGNOMX.EU/VS/1127865005664160.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
16   972  41 CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE IS ASSOCIATED WITH EPIGENOME-WIDE DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION IN BAL LUNG CELLS. DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS IN CHRONIC PULMONARY OBSTRUCTIVE DISEASE (COPD) MIGHT OFFER NEW INSIGHTS INTO DISEASE PATHOGENESIS. TO ASSESS METHYLATION PROFILES IN THE MAIN COPD TARGET ORGAN, WE PERFORMED AN EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY ON BAL CELLS. BRONCHOSCOPIES WERE PERFORMED IN 18 SUBJECTS WITH COPD AND 15 CONTROL SUBJECTS (EX- AND CURRENT SMOKERS). DNA METHYLATION WAS MEASURED USING THE ILLUMINA METHYLATIONEPIC BEADCHIP KIT, COVERING MORE THAN 850,000 CPGS. DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED POSITIONS (DMPS) WERE EXAMINED FOR 1) ENRICHMENT IN PATHWAYS AND FUNCTIONAL GENE RELATIONSHIPS USING THE KYOTO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF GENES AND GENOMES AND GENE ONTOLOGY, 2) ACCELERATED AGING USING HORVATH'S EPIGENETIC CLOCK, 3) CORRELATION WITH GENE EXPRESSION, AND 4) COLOCALIZATION WITH GENETIC VARIATION. WE FOUND 1,155 BONFERRONI-SIGNIFICANT (P < 6.74 X 10(-8)) DMPS ASSOCIATED WITH COPD, MANY WITH LARGE EFFECT SIZES. FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS IDENTIFIED BIOLOGICALLY PLAUSIBLE PATHWAYS AND GENE RELATIONSHIPS, INCLUDING ENRICHMENT FOR TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR ACTIVITY. STRONG CORRELATION WAS FOUND BETWEEN DNA METHYLATION AND CHRONOLOGICAL AGE BUT NOT BETWEEN COPD AND ACCELERATED AGING. FOR 79 UNIQUE DMPS, DNA METHYLATION CORRELATED SIGNIFICANTLY WITH GENE EXPRESSION IN BAL CELLS. THIRTY-NINE PERCENT OF DMPS WERE COLOCALIZED WITH COPD-ASSOCIATED SNPS. TO THE BEST OF OUR KNOWLEDGE, THIS IS THE FIRST EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY OF COPD ON BAL CELLS, AND OUR ANALYSES REVEALED MANY DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION SITES. INTEGRATION WITH MRNA DATA SHOWED A STRONG FUNCTIONAL READOUT FOR RELEVANT GENES, IDENTIFYING SITES WHERE DNA METHYLATION MIGHT DIRECTLY AFFECT EXPRESSION. ALMOST HALF OF DMPS WERE COLOCATED WITH SNPS IDENTIFIED IN PREVIOUS GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES OF COPD, SUGGESTING JOINT GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC PATHWAYS RELATED TO DISEASE.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
17  1826  38 EFFECTS OF HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR ON EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PRODUCTION IN HUMAN NASAL POLYP ORGAN CULTURES. BACKGROUND: NASAL POLYPOSIS IS ASSOCIATED WITH A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY CONDITION OF THE SINONASAL MUCOSA AND INVOLVES MYOFIBROBLAST DIFFERENTIATION AND EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX (ECM) ACCUMULATION. EPIGENETIC MODULATION BY HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC) INHIBITORS INCLUDING TRICHOSTATIN A (TSA) HAS BEEN REPORTED TO HAVE INHIBITORY EFFECTS ON MYOFIBROBLAST DIFFERENTIATION IN LUNG AND RENAL FIBROBLASTS. THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE INHIBITORY EFFECT OF TSA ON MYOFIBROBLAST DIFFERENTIATION AND ECM PRODUCTION IN NASAL POLYP ORGAN CULTURES. METHODS: NASAL POLYP TISSUES FROM 18 PATIENTS WERE ACQUIRED DURING ENDOSCOPIC SINUS SURGERY. AFTER ORGAN CULTURE, NASAL POLYPS WERE STIMULATED WITH TGF-BETA1 AND THEN TREATED WITH TSA. ALPHA-SMOOTH MUSCLE ACTIN (ALPHA-SMA), FIBRONECTIN, AND COLLAGEN TYPE I EXPRESSION LEVELS WERE EXAMINED BY REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR), REAL-TIME PCR, WESTERN BLOT, AND IMMUNOFLUORESCENT STAINING. HDAC2, HDAC4, AND ACETYLATED H4 EXPRESSION LEVELS WERE ASSAYED BY WESTERN BLOT. CYTOTOXICITY WAS ANALYZED BY THE TERMINAL DEOXYNUCLEOTIDYL TRANSFERASE BIOTIN-DUTP NICK END LABELING ASSAY. RESULTS: THE EXPRESSION LEVELS OF ALPHA-SMA, FIBRONECTIN, AND COLLAGEN TYPE 1 WERE INCREASED IN NASAL POLYP AFTER TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR (TGF) BETA1 TREATMENT. TSA-INHIBITED TGF-BETA1 INDUCED THESE GENE AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION LEVELS. FURTHERMORE, TSA SUPPRESSED PROTEIN EXPRESSION LEVELS OF HDAC2 AND HDAC4. HOWEVER, TSA INDUCED HYPERACETYLATION OF HISTONES H4. TREATMENT WITH TGF-BETA1 WITH OR WITHOUT TSA DID NOT HAVE CYTOTOXIC EFFECT. CONCLUSION: THESE FINDINGS PROVIDE NOVEL INSIGHTS INTO THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION IN MYOFIBROBLAST DIFFERENTIATION AND ECM PRODUCTION OF NASAL POLYP. TSA COULD BE A CANDIDATE OF A THERAPEUTIC AGENT FOR REVERSING THE TGF-BETA1-INDUCED ECM SYNTHESIS THAT LEADS TO NASAL POLYP DEVELOPMENT.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
18  4303  35 MICRORNA-223 INHIBITS TISSUE FACTOR EXPRESSION IN VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS. OBJECTIVE: ATHEROSCLEROSIS IS A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY PROCESS, IN WHICH VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS (ECS) BECOME DYSFUNCTIONAL OWING TO THE EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES, SUCH AS INFLAMMATORY FACTOR AND GROWTH FACTORS. TISSUE FACTOR (TF) EXPRESSION IS INDUCED BY THE ABOVE CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES IN ACTIVATED ECS. TF INITIATES THROMBOSIS ON DISRUPTED ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES WHICH PLAYS AN ESSENTIAL ROLE DURING THE ONSET OF ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES (ACS). INCREASING EVIDENCES SUGGEST THE IMPORTANT ROLE OF MICRORNAS AS EPIGENETIC REGULATORS OF ATHEROSCLEROTIC DISEASE. THE AIM OF OUR STUDY IS TO IDENTIFY IF MICRORNA-223 (MIR-223) TARGETS TF IN ECS. METHODS AND RESULTS: BIOINFORMATIC ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT TF IS A TARGET CANDIDATE OF MIR-223. WESTERN BLOTTING ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA (TNF-ALPHA) INCREASED TF EXPRESSION IN AORTA OF C57BL/6J MICE AND CULTURED ECS (EA.HY926 CELLS AND HUVEC) AFTER 4 H TREATMENT. IN TNF-ALPHA TREATED ECS, TF MRNA WAS ALSO INCREASED MEASURED BY REAL-TIME PCR. REAL-TIME PCR RESULTS SHOWED THAT MIR-223 LEVELS WERE DOWNREGULATED IN TNF-ALPHA-TREATED AORTA OF C57BL/6J MICE AND CULTURED ECS. TRANSFECTION OF ECS WITH MIR-223 MIMIC OR MIR-223 INHIBITOR MODIFIED TF EXPRESSION BOTH IN MRNA AND PROTEIN LEVELS. LUCIFERASE ASSAYS CONFIRMED THAT MIR-223 SUPPRESSED TF EXPRESSION BY BINDING TO THE SEQUENCE OF TF 3'-UNTRANSLATED REGIONS (3'UTR). TF PROCOAGULANT ACTIVITY WAS INHIBITED BY OVEREXPRESSING MIR-223 WITH OR WITHOUT TNF-ALPHA STIMULATION. CONCLUSIONS: MIR-223-MEDIATED SUPPRESSION OF TF EXPRESSION PROVIDES A NOVEL MOLECULAR MECHANISM FOR THE REGULATION OF COAGULATION CASCADE, AND SUGGESTS A CLUE AGAINST THROMBOGENESIS DURING THE PROCESS OF ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUE RUPTURE.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
19  3645  39 INCREASED PRESENCE AND DIFFERENTIAL MOLECULAR IMPRINTING OF TRANSIT AMPLIFYING CELLS IN PSORIASIS. PSORIASIS IS A VERY COMMON CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASE CHARACTERIZED BY EPIDERMAL THICKENING AND SCALING RESULTING FROM KERATINOCYTE HYPERPROLIFERATION AND IMPAIRED DIFFERENTIATION. PATHOMECHANISTIC STUDIES IN PSORIASIS ARE OFTEN LIMITED BY USING WHOLE SKIN TISSUE BIOPSIES, NEGLECTING THEIR STRATIFICATION AND CELLULAR DIVERSITY. THIS STUDY AIMED AT CHARACTERIZING EPIDERMAL ALTERATIONS IN PSORIASIS AT THE LEVEL OF KERATINOCYTE POPULATIONS. EPIDERMAL CELL POPULATIONS WERE PURIFIED FROM SKIN BIOPSIES OF PSORIASIS PATIENTS AND HEALTHY DONORS USING A NOVEL CELL TYPE-SPECIFIC APPROACH. MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF THE TRANSIT-AMPLIFYING CELLS (TAC), THE KEY PLAYERS OF EPIDERMAL RENEWAL, WAS PERFORMED USING IMMUNOCYTOFLUORESCENCE-TECHNIQUE AND INTEGRATED MULTISCALE-OMICS ANALYSES. ALREADY TAC FROM NON-LESIONAL PSORIATIC SKIN SHOWED ALTERED METHYLATION AND DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION IN 1.7% AND 1.0% OF ALL PROTEIN-CODING GENES, RESPECTIVELY. IN PSORIATIC LESIONS, TAC WERE STRONGLY EXPANDED SHOWING FURTHER INCREASED DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED (10-FOLD) AND EXPRESSED (22-FOLD) GENES NUMBERS. IMPORTANTLY, 17.2% OF DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES WERE ASSOCIATED WITH RESPECTIVE GENE METHYLATIONS. COMPARED WITH NON-LESIONAL TAC, PATHWAY ANALYSES REVEALED METABOLIC ALTERATIONS AS ONE FEATURE PREDOMINANTLY CHANGED IN TAC DERIVED FROM ACTIVE PSORIATIC LESIONS. OVERALL, OUR STUDY SHOWED STAGE-SPECIFIC MOLECULAR ALTERATIONS, ALLOWS NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE PATHOGENESIS, AND IMPLIES THE INVOLVEMENT OF EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN LESION DEVELOPMENT IN PSORIASIS. KEY MESSAGES: TRANSIT AMPLIFYING CELL (TAC) NUMBERS ARE HIGHLY INCREASED IN PSORIATIC LESIONS PSORIATIC TAC SHOW PROFOUND MOLECULAR ALTERATIONS & STAGE-SPECIFIC IDENTITY TAC FROM UNAFFECTED AREAS ALREADY SHOW FIRST SIGNS OF MOLECULAR ALTERATIONS LESIONAL TAC SHOW A PREFERENCE IN METABOLIC-RELATED ALTERATIONS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
20  1194  48 CORRELATION OF EPIGENETIC CHANGE AND IDENTIFICATION OF RISK FACTORS FOR ORAL SUBMUCOUS FIBROSIS. BACKGROUND: DNA METHYLATION OF CERTAIN GENES IS AN EPIGENETIC CHANGE THAT IS ESSENTIAL FOR TUMORIGENESIS. ORAL SUBMUCOUS FIBROSIS (OSF) IS A PRECANCEROUS CONDITION OF ORAL MUCOSA WITH INFLAMMATION AND PROGRESSIVE FIBROSIS OF THE LAMINA PROPRIA AND DEEPER CONNECTIVE TISSUE. THE HYPERMETHYLATION OF E-CADHERIN AND CYCLOOXYGENASE 2 (COX-2) IN CHRONIC INFLAMMATION MAY DEMONSTRATE A MILD LESION/MUTATION AT EPIGENETIC LEVELS. THIS STUDY COMPARES THE HYPERMETHYLATION STATUS OF E-CADHERIN AND COX-2 GENES IN PATIENTS WITH ORAL CANCER AND PATIENTS WITH OSF AND ALSO AIMS TO IDENTIFY RISK FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF OSF. METHODS: DNA WAS EXTRACTED FROM BLOOD SAMPLES OF 50 HEALTHY SUBJECTS, 50 PATIENTS WITH OSF AND 60 PATIENTS WITH ORAL CANCER. METHYLATION-SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION FOR E-CADHERIN AND COX-2 WAS PERFORMED ON THESE SAMPLES AND THE PRODUCTS WERE ANALYZED ON 2% AGAROSE GEL. SURVEYS ABOUT ORAL HEALTH HABITS AND CLINICAL PERIODONTAL EXAMINATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH OSF AND HEALTHY SUBJECTS WERE ALSO CONDUCTED BY WELL-TRAINED DENTISTS, AND LOGISTIC REGRESSION WAS PERFORMED TO IDENTIFY RISK FACTORS FOR OSF. RESULTS: HYPERMETHYLATION OF E-CADHERIN AND COX-2 WAS OBSERVED IN 36% AND 22% OF ORAL CANCER SAMPLES, RESPECTIVELY. IN PATIENTS WITH OSF, THE RATES WERE 52% AND 30%, AND IN HEALTHY CONTROLS THE RATES WERE 4% AND 6%. HYPERMETHYLATION WAS SHOWN TO BE CORRELATED BETWEEN THE 3 GROUPS WITH STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE (P<0.01). METHYLATION OF CPG ISLANDS IN E-CADHERIN AND COX-2 OCCURRED MORE FREQUENTLY IN PATIENTS WITH OSF THAN IN THE CONTROL GROUP, BUT LESS FREQUENTLY THAN IN PATIENTS WITH ORAL CANCER. IN THE LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS, SMOKING, BRUSHING MORE THAN TWICE DAILY, PERIODONTAL PROBING DEPTH AND PLAQUE INDEX WERE IDENTIFIED AS 4 MAJOR RISK FACTORS FOR OSF. CONCLUSIONS: THESE DATA CONFIRM THAT E-CADHERIN AND COX-2 EXPRESSIONS ARE RELATED TO OSF. THE EPIGENETIC CHANGES PRESENTED IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC INFLAMMATION MIGHT DEMONSTRATE AN IRREVERSIBLE DESTRUCTION IN THE TISSUES OR ORGANS SIMILAR TO THE EFFECTS OF CANCER. CHRONIC OSF WAS SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERMETHYLATION, A CANCER RISK FACTOR.	2012