1  6216 109 THE INVOLVEMENT OF COPPER, CIRCULAR RNAS, AND INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IN CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE. EXPOSURE TO HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF COPPER IS ASSOCIATED WITH PULMONARY INFLAMMATION AND CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE (CRD). EPIGENETIC MODULATION OF NONCODING RNAS CONTRIBUTES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF SEVERAL CRDS. IT IS UNKNOWN WHETHER EPIGENETIC MODULATION IS INVOLVED IN COPPER MEDIATED PULMONARY INFLAMMATION AND CRD. WE CONDUCTED A CASE-CONTROL STUDY OF 101 CRD CASES AND 161 CONTROL SUBJECTS IN SHIJIAZHUANG, CHINA, AND EVALUATED CIRCRNAS AND CYTOKINE LEVELS (IL-6 AND IL-8) BY QPCR AND ELISA. URINARY COPPER CONCENTRATION WAS DETERMINED BY INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY. LINEAR MIXED MODELS AND GENERALIZED LINEAR MIXED MODELS WERE USED TO ASSESS THE ASSOCIATIONS OF CIRCRNAS WITH CRD, URINARY COPPER, AND CYTOKINES. WE EXPOSED THE HUMAN BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL CELL LINE, 16HBE, TO COPPER AND ASSESSED THE FUNCTIONAL ROLE OF A CIRCRNA, CIRC_0008882, BY RNA OVEREXPRESSION. CELLULAR LOCATION OF CIRC_0008882 WAS ASSESSED BY SEPARATION OF NUCLEAR AND CYTOPLASMIC RNAS. NINE CIRCRNAS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASED RISK FOR CRDS, WHILE THE RELATIVE EXPRESSION OF CIRC_0008882 WAS DECREASED AFTER COPPER EXPOSURE IN VITRO AND IN VIVO. COPPER EXPOSURE STIMULATED 16HBE CELLS TO RELEASE PROINFLAMMATORY IL-6 AND IL-8. THE RELEASE OF THE CYTOKINES WAS INHIBITED BY OVEREXPRESSION OF CIRC_0008882. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST A ROLE FOR CIRC_0008882 IN THE REGULATION OF CRD ASSOCIATED INFLAMMATION FOLLOWING COPPER EXPOSURE.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
2  6348  31 THE ROLE OF EPIGENETICS IN RESPIRATORY HEALTH IN URBAN POPULATIONS IN LOW AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES. AS URBANIZATION INCREASES IN LOW- AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES (LMICS), URBAN POPULATIONS WILL BE INCREASINGLY EXPOSED TO A RANGE OF ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORS FOR NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES. INADEQUATE LIVING CONDITIONS IN URBAN SETTINGS MAY INFLUENCE MECHANISMS THAT REGULATE GENE EXPRESSION, LEADING TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF NON-COMMUNICABLE RESPIRATORY DISEASES. WE CONDUCTED A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE TO ASSESS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RESPIRATORY HEALTH AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS TO URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES OBSERVED IN LMICS USING MEDLINE, PUBMED, EMBASE, AND GOOGLE SCHOLAR SEARCHING A COMBINATION OF THE TERMS: EPIGENETICS, CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASES (CRDS), LUNG DEVELOPMENT, CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE AIRWAY DISEASE, AND ASTHMA. A TOTAL OF 2835 ARTICLES WERE OBTAINED, AND 48 ARTICLES WERE INCLUDED IN THIS REVIEW. WE FOUND THAT ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS DURING EARLY DEVELOPMENT ARE RELATED TO EPIGENETIC EFFECTS THAT MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH A HIGHER RISK OF CRDS. EPIGENETIC DYSREGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION OF THE HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC) AND HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE GENE FAMILIES WAS LIKELY INVOLVED IN LUNG HEALTH OF SLUM DWELLERS. RESPIRATORY-RELATED ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES INFLUENCE HDAC FUNCTION AND DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID METHYLATION AND ARE IMPORTANT RISK FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CRD. ADDITIONAL EPIGENETIC RESEARCH IS NEEDED TO IMPROVE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES AND NON-COMMUNICABLE RESPIRATORY DISEASES.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
3  3305  28 HIGH-LEVEL EXPRESSION OF BCL3 DIFFERENTIATES T(2;5)(P23;Q35)-POSITIVE ANAPLASTIC LARGE CELL LYMPHOMA FROM HODGKIN DISEASE. ANAPLASTIC LARGE CELL LYMPHOMA (ALCL) WITH T(2;5)(P23;Q35) AND HODGKIN DISEASE (HD) SHARE MANY CELLULAR FEATURES, INCLUDING EXPRESSION OF CD30. WE COMPARED GENE EXPRESSION PROFILES OF 4 ALCL (KARPAS 299, SU-DHL-1, DEL, SR-786) AND 3 HD CELL LINES AND FOUND THAT BCL3, WHICH ENCODES A NUCLEAR PROTEIN BELONGING TO THE I KAPPA B FAMILY OF INHIBITORS OF NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B (NF-KAPPA B) TRANSCRIPTIONAL FACTORS, WAS EXPRESSED AT HIGHER LEVELS IN ALCL THAN HD. NORTHERN AND WESTERN BLOTTING ANALYSES CONFIRMED THE HIGH-LEVEL EXPRESSION OF BCL3 IN ALCL AT BOTH MRNA AND PROTEIN LEVELS. WE ESTABLISHED A REAL-TIME REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE-MEDIATED POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION ASSAY TO MEASURE THE BCL3 MRNA LEVEL AND FOUND A PREDOMINANT LEVEL OF BCL3 EXPRESSION IN T(2;5)(+) ALCL; THE LEVELS OF CELL LINES AND CLINICAL MATERIALS WERE COMPARABLE TO OR HIGHER THAN THAT OF A B-CELL CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA CARRYING T(14;19)(Q32;Q13). SOUTHERN BLOTTING AND FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION DISCLOSED THAT THE BCL3 GENE COPIES WERE AMPLIFIED IN SU-DHL-1, WHEREAS KARPAS 299 CARRIED 4 BCL3 GENE LOCI. THE BCL3 GENE CONTAINS 2 CYTOSINE-GUANINE DINUCLEOTIDE (CPG) ISLANDS, AND THE INTRAGENIC 3' CPG WAS ENTIRELY DEMETHYLATED IN SU-DHL-1 AND DEL. IN CONTRAST TO HD, IN WHICH NF-KAPPA B WAS CONSTITUTIVELY ACTIVATED, ALCL CELLS CONSISTENTLY SHOWED (P50)(2) HOMODIMER BINDING ACTIVITY ON ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY SHIFT ASSAY. IT IS SUGGESTED THAT THE HIGH-LEVEL NUCLEAR BCL-3 SEQUESTERS THE (P50)(2) HOMODIMER TO THE NUCLEUS, WHICH MAY ACCOUNT FOR THE CONTRADICTORY EFFECT OF CD30 STIMULATION ON ALCL AND HD. WE PROPOSE THAT BCL3 IS OVEREXPRESSED BY GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, POTENTIALLY CONTRIBUTING TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF T(2;5)(+) ALCL.	2003	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
4   850  26 CHILDREN WITH CHRONIC IMMUNE THROMBOCYTOPENIA EXHIBIT HIGH EXPRESSION OF HUMAN ENDOGENOUS RETROVIRUSES TRIM28 AND SETDB1. CHRONIC IMMUNE THROMBOCYTOPENIA (CITP) IS AN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE WHOSE UNDERLYING BIOLOGIC MECHANISMS REMAIN ELUSIVE. HUMAN ENDOGENOUS RETROVIRUSES (HERVS) DERIVE FROM ANCESTRAL INFECTIONS AND CONSTITUTE ABOUT 8% OF OUR GENOME. A WEALTH OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES HIGHLIGHTS THEIR PIVOTAL PATHOGENETIC ROLE IN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES. EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS, SUCH AS THOSE MODULATED BY TRIM28 AND SETDB1, ARE INVOLVED IN HERV ACTIVATION AND REGULATION OF IMMUNE RESPONSE. WE ASSESSED, THROUGH A POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION REAL-TIME TAQMAN AMPLIFICATION ASSAY, THE TRANSCRIPTION LEVELS OF POL GENES OF HERV-H, HERV-K, AND HERV-W; ENV GENES OF SYNCYTIN (SYN)1, SYN2, AND HERV-W; AS WELL AS TRIM28 AND SETDB1 IN WHOLE BLOOD FROM 34 CHILDREN WITH CITP AND AGE-MATCHED HEALTHY CONTROLS (HC). THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL LEVELS OF ALL HERV SEQUENCES, WITH THE EXCEPTION OF HERV-W-ENV, WERE SIGNIFICANTLY ENHANCED IN CHILDREN WITH CITP AS COMPARED TO HC. PATIENTS ON ELTROMBOPAG TREATMENT EXHIBITED LOWER EXPRESSION OF SYN1, SYN2, AND HERV-W-ENV AS COMPARED TO UNTREATED PATIENTS. THE MRNA CONCENTRATIONS OF TRIM28 AND SETDB1 WERE SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER AND WERE POSITIVELY CORRELATED WITH THOSE OF HERVS IN CITP PATIENTS. THE OVER-EXPRESSIONS OF HERVS AND TRIM28/SETDB1 AND THEIR POSITIVE CORRELATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH CITP ARE SUGGESTIVE CLUES OF THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF THE DISEASE AND SUPPORT INNOVATIVE INTERVENTIONS TO INHIBIT HERV AND TRIM28/SETDB1 EXPRESSIONS IN PATIENTS UNRESPONSIVE TO STANDARD THERAPIES.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
5  2796  22 FBW7 MEDIATES SENESCENCE AND PULMONARY FIBROSIS THROUGH TELOMERE UNCAPPING. TISSUE STEM CELLS UNDERGO PREMATURE SENESCENCE UNDER STRESS, PROMOTING AGE-RELATED DISEASES; HOWEVER, THE ASSOCIATED MECHANISMS REMAIN UNCLEAR. HERE, WE REPORT THAT IN RESPONSE TO RADIATION, OXIDATIVE STRESS, OR BLEOMYCIN, THE E3 UBIQUITIN LIGASE FBW7 MEDIATES CELL SENESCENCE AND TISSUE FIBROSIS THROUGH TELOMERE UNCAPPING. FBW7 BINDING TO TELOMERE PROTECTION PROTEIN 1 (TPP1) FACILITATES TPP1 MULTISITE POLYUBIQUITINATION AND ACCELERATES DEGRADATION, TRIGGERING TELOMERE UNCAPPING AND DNA DAMAGE RESPONSE. OVEREXPRESSING TPP1 OR INHIBITING FBW7 BY GENETIC ABLATION, EPIGENETIC INTERFERENCE, OR PEPTIDOMIMETIC TELOMERE DYSFUNCTION INHIBITOR (TELODIN) REDUCES TELOMERE UNCAPPING AND SHORTENING, EXPANDING THE PULMONARY ALVEOLAR AEC2 STEM CELL POPULATION IN MICE. TELODIN, SYNTHESIZED FROM THE SEVENTH BETA STRAND BLADE OF FBW7 WD40 PROPELLER DOMAIN, INCREASES TPP1 STABILITY, LUNG RESPIRATORY FUNCTION, AND RESISTANCE TO SENESCENCE AND FIBROSIS IN ANIMALS CHRONICALLY EXPOSED TO ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS. OUR FINDINGS ELUCIDATE A PIVOTAL MECHANISM UNDERLYING STRESS-INDUCED PULMONARY EPITHELIAL STEM CELL SENESCENCE AND FIBROSIS, PROVIDING A FRAMEWORK FOR AGING-RELATED DISORDER INTERVENTIONS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
6  6072  29 THE DNA METHYLOME OF HUMAN VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM AND ITS USE IN LIQUID BIOPSIES. BACKGROUND: VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS (VECS) ARE AN ESSENTIAL COMPONENT OF EACH TISSUE, CONTRIBUTE TO MULTIPLE PATHOLOGIES, AND ARE TARGETED BY IMPORTANT DRUGS. YET, THERE IS A SHORTAGE OF BIOMARKERS TO ASSESS VEC TURNOVER. METHODS: TO DEVELOP DNA METHYLATION-BASED LIQUID BIOPSIES FOR VECS, WE DETERMINED THE METHYLOME OF VECS ISOLATED FROM FRESHLY DISSOCIATED HUMAN TISSUES. FINDINGS: A COMPARISON WITH A HUMAN CELL-TYPE METHYLOME ATLAS YIELDED THOUSANDS OF LOCI THAT ARE UNIQUELY UNMETHYLATED IN VECS. THESE SITES ARE TYPICALLY GENE ENHANCERS, OFTEN RESIDING ADJACENT TO VEC-SPECIFIC GENES. WE ALSO IDENTIFIED HUNDREDS OF GENOMIC LOCI THAT ARE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED IN ORGANOTYPIC VECS, INDICATING THAT VECS FEEDING SPECIFIC ORGANS ARE DISTINCT CELL TYPES WITH A STABLE EPIGENETIC IDENTITY. WE ESTABLISHED UNIVERSAL AND LUNG-SPECIFIC VEC MARKERS AND EVALUATED THEIR PRESENCE IN CIRCULATING CELL-FREE DNA (CFDNA). NEARLY 2.5% OF CFDNA IN THE PLASMA OF HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS ORIGINATES FROM VECS. SEPSIS, GRAFT VERSUS HOST DISEASE, AND CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION ARE ASSOCIATED WITH ELEVATED LEVELS OF VEC-DERIVED CFDNA, INDICATIVE OF VASCULAR DAMAGE. LUNG-SPECIFIC VEC CFDNA IS SELECTIVELY ELEVATED IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) OR LUNG CANCER, REVEALING TISSUE-SPECIFIC VASCULAR TURNOVER. CONCLUSIONS: VEC CFDNA BIOMARKERS INFORM VASCULAR DYNAMICS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE, POTENTIALLY CONTRIBUTING TO EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND MONITORING OF PATHOLOGIES, AND ASSESSMENT OF DRUG ACTIVITY. FUNDING: THIS WORK WAS SUPPORTED BY THE BEUTLER RESEARCH PROGRAM, HELMSLEY CHARITABLE TRUST, JDRF, GRAIL AND THE DON FOUNDATION (TO Y.D.). Y.D HOLDS THE WALTER & GRETA STIEL CHAIR IN HEART STUDIES. B.G., R.S., J.M., D.N., T.K., AND Y.D. FILED PATENTS ON CFDNA ANALYSIS.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
7  6632  25 UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF THE CHROMOSOME 15Q25.1 IN COPD THROUGH EPIGENETICS AND TRANSCRIPTOMICS. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) IS A MAJOR HEALTH BURDEN IN ADULTS AND CIGARETTE SMOKING IS CONSIDERED THE MOST IMPORTANT ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTOR OF COPD. CHROMOSOME 15Q25.1 LOCUS IS ASSOCIATED WITH BOTH COPD AND SMOKING. OUR STUDY AIMS AT UNDERSTANDING THE MECHANISM UNDERLYING THE ASSOCIATION OF CHROMOSOME 15Q25.1 WITH COPD THROUGH EPIGENETIC AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL VARIATION IN A POPULATION-BASED SETTING. TO ASSESS IF COPD-ASSOCIATED VARIANTS IN 15Q25.1 ARE METHYLATION QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI, EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION ANALYSIS OF FOUR GENETIC VARIANTS, PREVIOUSLY ASSOCIATED WITH COPD (P < 5 X 10(-8)) IN THE 15Q25.1 LOCUS (RS12914385:C>T-CHRNA3, RS8034191:T>C-HYKK, RS13180:C>T-IREB2 AND RS8042238:C>T-IREB2), WAS PERFORMED IN THE ROTTERDAM STUDY (N = 1489). ALL FOUR VARIANTS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED (P < 1.4 X 10(-6)) WITH BLOOD DNA METHYLATION OF IREB2, CHRNA3 AND PSMA4, OF WHICH TWO, INCLUDING IREB2 AND PSMA4, WERE ALSO DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED IN COPD CASES AND CONTROLS (P < 0.04). FURTHER ADDITIVE AND MULTIPLICATIVE EFFECTS OF SMOKING WERE EVALUATED AND NO SIGNIFICANT EFFECT WAS OBSERVED. TO EVALUATE IF THESE FOUR GENETIC VARIANTS ARE EXPRESSION QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI, TRANSCRIPTOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION ANALYSIS WAS PERFORMED IN 1087 LUNG SAMPLES. ALL FOUR VARIANTS WERE ALSO SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF THE IREB2 3'UTR IN LUNG TISSUES (P < 5.4 X 10(-95)). WE CONCLUDE THAT REGULATORY MECHANISMS AFFECTING THE EXPRESSION OF IREB2 GENE, SUCH AS DNA METHYLATION, MAY EXPLAIN THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN GENETIC VARIANTS IN CHROMOSOME 15Q25.1 AND COPD, LARGELY INDEPENDENT OF SMOKING.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
8  2893  24 GAS5 RS2067079 AND MIR-137 RS1625579 FUNCTIONAL SNPS AND RISK OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION AMONG EGYPTIAN PATIENTS. HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) INFECTION IS A SIGNIFICANT HEALTH ISSUE WORLDWIDE.. WE ATTEMPTED TO FULFILL THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF EPIGENETIC AND GENETIC FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC HBV (CHBV). EXPRESSION LEVELS OF THE LNCRNA GROWTH ARREST-SPECIFIC 5 (GAS5) AND MIR-137 AND THEIR CORRESPONDING SNPS, RS2067079 (C/T) AND RS1625579 (G/T) WERE ANALYZED IN 117 CHBV PATIENTS AND 120 CONTROLS TO INVESTIGATE THE PROBABLE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THESE BIOMARKERS AND CHBV PATHOGENESIS IN THE EGYPTIAN POPULATION. SERUM EXPRESSION LEVELS OF GAS5 AND MIR-137 WERE SIGNIFICANTLY DOWN-REGULATED IN CASES VS CONTROLS. REGARDING GAS5 (RS2067079), THE MUTANT TT GENOTYPE SHOWED AN INCREASED RISK OF CHBV (P < 0.001), WHILE THE DOMINANT CC WAS A PROTECTIVE FACTOR (P = 0.004). REGARDING MIR-137 RS1625579, THE MUTANT GENOTYPE TT WAS REPORTED AS A RISK FACTOR FOR CHBV (P < 0.001) AND THE NORMAL GG GENOTYPE WAS A PROTECTIVE FACTOR, P < 0.001. THE SERUM GAS5 WAS SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER IN THE MUTANT TT GENOTYPE OF GAS5 SNP AS COMPARED TO THE OTHER GENOTYPES (P = 0.007). CONCERNING MIR-137 RS1625579, THE MUTANT TT GENOTYPE WAS SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH A LOWER SERUM EXPRESSION LEVEL OF MIR-137 (P = 0.018). WE REVEALED THE DYSREGULATED EXPRESSION LEVELS OF GAS5 AND MIR-137 LINKED TO THEIR FUNCTIONING SNPS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH CHBV RISK AND MIGHT ACT AS POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
9  1013  38 CIGARETTE SMOKE-INDUCED INFLAMMATION: NLRP10-MEDIATED MECHANISMS. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) IS A PROGRESSIVE, LIFE-THREATENING DISEASE THAT CAUSES IRREVERSIBLE LUNG DAMAGE. CIGARETTE SMOKING IS THE CHIEF ETIOLOGIC FACTOR FOR THE COMMENCEMENT OF THIS CONDITION. DESPITE CONSTANT EFFORTS TO DEVELOP THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS AND TO ASCERTAIN THE MOLECULAR MECHANISM LEADING TO THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THIS DISEASE, MUCH REMAINS UNKNOWN. HOWEVER, PATTERN RECOGNITION RECEPTORS (PRRS), I.E., TOLL-LIKE-RECEPTORS (TLRS) AND NOD-LIKE RECEPTORS (NLRS) ARE BELIEVED TO PLAY IMPORTANT ROLES IN COPD AND COULD SERVE AS EFFECTIVE THERAPEUTIC TARGETS. ALTHOUGH THE ROLE OF TLRS IN COPD HAS BEEN WELL STUDIED, THE IMPORTANCE OF NLRS HAS NOT YET BEEN EXPLORED IN DETAIL. THE NLR FAMILY MEMBER NLRP10 (AKA NOD8, PAN5, PYNOD) IS THE ONLY MEMBER OF THIS FAMILY OF PROTEINS THAT LACKS THE LEUCINE RICH REPEAT (LRR) DOMAIN RESPONSIBLE FOR DETECTION OF PATHOGEN AND DANGER-ASSOCIATED MOLECULAR PATTERNS (PAMPS/DAMPS). THEREFORE, INSTEAD OF FUNCTIONING AS A PRR, NLRP10 MAY HAVE A BROADER REGULATORY ROLE. TO ELUCIDATE THE ROLE OF NLRP10 IN SECONDHAND SMOKE (SHS)-INDUCED INFLAMMATION, WE EXPOSED C57BL/6 (WT) AND NLRP10-DEFICIENT MICE (NLRP10(-/-)) ON THE C57BL/6 BACKGROUND TO FILTERED AIR- OR SHS- FOR 6 WEEKS (ACUTE EXPOSURE) AND ASSESSED THE RESULTING MOLECULAR EVENTS. LEUKOCYTE RECRUITMENT IN SHS-EXPOSED NLRP10(-/-) MICE WAS FOUND TO BE SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER COMPARED TO SHS-EXPOSED WT MICE. IN ADDITION, WE OBSERVED AN IMPORTANT ROLE FOR NLRP10 IN SHS-MEDIATED CASPASE-1 ACTIVATION, CYTOKINE/CHEMOKINE PRODUCTION (IL-1BETA, IL-18, MCP-1 AND IL-17A), AND INDUCTION OF NF-KAPPAB AND MAPKS IN THE LUNGS OF C57BL/6 MICE. THE REDUCED INFLUX OF CD4(+)IL-17A(+) AND CD8(+)IL-17A(+) CELLS INTO THE LUNGS OF SHS-EXPOSED NLRP10(-/-) MICE AND IMPAIRED DIFFERENTIATION OF NLRP10(-/-) TH0 CELLS INTO TH17 CELLS (EX VIVO) PROVIDE INSIGHT INTO THE MECHANISTIC DETAILS UNDERLYING NLRP10-DEPENDENT IL-17 PRODUCTION. WE FURTHER SUBSTANTIATED OUR IN VIVO FINDINGS BY CHALLENGING HUMAN ALVEOLAR TYPE II EPITHELIAL CELLS (A549) TRANSFECTED WITH SCRAMBLED- OR NLRP10-SIRNA WITH CIGARETTE SMOKE EXTRACT (CSE). WE OBSERVED AN IMPORTANT ROLE OF NLRP10 IN CYTOKINE AND CHEMOKINE PRODUCTION AS WELL AS EXPRESSION OF NF-KAPPAB AND MAPKS IN CSE-EXPOSED A549 CELLS. FURTHERMORE, REPLENISHMENT OF A549 CELL CULTURE WITH RECOMBINANT IL-17A (RIL-17A) DURING NLRP10 KNOCKDOWN RESCUED CSE-INDUCED INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES. TO IDENTIFY UPSTREAM MEDIATORS OF NLRP10 REGULATION WE INVESTIGATED EPIGENETIC MARKERS WITHIN THE NLRP10 PROMOTER FOLLOWING CIGARETTE SMOKE EXPOSURE AND OBSERVED SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN ACTIVE AS WELL AS REPRESSIVE GENE MARKERS ON HISTONE 3 AND HISTONE 4 USING BOTH IN VIVO AND IN VITRO STUDY MODELS. FURTHER, ALTERATIONS IN THE RESPECTIVE HISTONE ACETYL- AND METHYLTRANSFERASES (PCAF, SET1, ESET, SUV20H1) CORRELATED WELL WITH THE OBSERVED HISTONE MODIFICATIONS. OVERALL, OUR FINDINGS SUGGEST A NOVEL ROLE OF EPIGENETICALLY REGULATED NLRP10 IN TH17/IL-17 SIGNALING DURING CS EXPOSURE.	2018	

10  5184  27 PREMATURE CHROMOSOME CONDENSATION ASSAY TO STUDY INFLUENCE OF HIGH-LEVEL NATURAL RADIATION ON THE INITIAL DNA DOUBLE STRAND BREAK REPAIR IN HUMAN G(0) LYMPHOCYTES. THE INHERENT CAPACITY OF INDIVIDUALS TO EFFICIENTLY REPAIR IONIZING RADIATION INDUCED DNA DOUBLE STRAND BREAKS (DSBS) MAY BE INHERITED, HOWEVER, IT IS INFLUENCED BY SEVERAL EPIGENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS. A PILOT STUDY TESTED WHETHER CHRONIC LOW DOSE NATURAL RADIATION EXPOSURE INFLUENCES THE REJOINING OF INITIAL DNA DSBS INDUCED BY A 2 GY GAMMA-IRRADIATION IN 22 INDIVIDUALS FROM HIGH (>1.5 MGY/YEAR) AND NORMAL (</=1.5 MGY/YEAR) LEVEL NATURAL RADIATION AREAS (H&NLNRA) OF KERALA. REJOINING OF DSBS (DURING 1 H AT 37 DEGREES C, IMMEDIATELY AFTER IRRADIATION) WAS EVALUATED AT THE CHROMOSOME LEVEL IN THE PRESENCE AND ABSENCE OF WORTMANNIN (A POTENT INHIBITOR OF DSB REPAIR IN NORMAL HUMAN CELLS) USING A CELL FUSION-INDUCED PREMATURE CHROMOSOME CONDENSATION (PCC) ASSAY. THE PCC ASSAY QUANTITATES DSBS IN THE FORM OF EXCESS CHROMOSOME FRAGMENTS IN HUMAN G(0) LYMPHOCYTES WITHOUT THE REQUIREMENT FOR CELL DIVISION. A QUANTITATIVE DIFFERENCE WAS OBSERVED IN THE EARLY REJOINING OF DNA DSBS BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS FROM HLNRA AND NLNRA, WITH HLNRA INDIVIDUALS SHOWING A HIGHER (P = 0.05) MEAN INITIAL REPAIR RATIO. THE RESULTS INDICATE AN INFLUENCE OF CHRONIC LOW DOSE NATURAL RADIATION ON INITIAL DNA DSB REPAIR IN INHABITANTS OF HLNRA OF THE KERALA COAST.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
11  5228  22 PRMT7 TARGETS OF FOXM1 CONTROLS ALVEOLAR MYOFIBROBLAST PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION DURING ALVEOLOGENESIS. ALTHOUGH ABERRANT ALVEOLAR MYOFIBROBLASTS (AMYFS) PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION ARE OFTEN ASSOCIATED WITH ABNORMAL LUNG DEVELOPMENT AND DISEASES, SUCH AS BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA (BPD), CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD), AND IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY FIBROSIS (IPF), EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS REGULATING PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF AMYFS REMAIN POORLY UNDERSTOOD. PROTEIN ARGININE METHYLTRANSFERASE 7 (PRMT7) IS THE ONLY REPORTED TYPE III ENZYME RESPONSIBLE FOR MONOMETHYLATION OF ARGININE RESIDUE ON BOTH HISTONE AND NONHISTONE SUBSTRATES. HERE WE PROVIDE EVIDENCE FOR PRMT7'S FUNCTION IN REGULATING AMYFS PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION DURING LUNG ALVEOLOGENESIS. IN PRMT7-DEFICIENT MICE, WE FOUND REDUCED AMYFS PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION, ABNORMAL ELASTIN DEPOSITION, AND FAILURE OF ALVEOLAR SEPTUM FORMATION. WE FURTHER SHOWN THAT ONCOGENE FORKHEAD BOX M1 (FOXM1) IS A DIRECT TARGET OF PRMT7 AND THAT PRMT7-CATALYZED MONOMETHYLATION AT HISTONE H4 ARGININE 3 (H4R3ME1) DIRECTLY ASSOCIATE WITH CHROMATIN OF FOXM1 TO ACTIVATE ITS TRANSCRIPTION, AND THEREBY REGULATE OF CELL CYCLE-RELATED GENES TO INHIBIT AMYFS PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION. OVEREXPRESSION OF FOXM1 IN ISOLATED MYOFIBROBLASTS (MYFS) SIGNIFICANTLY RESCUED PRMT7-DEFICIENCY-INDUCED CELL PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION DEFECTS. THUS, OUR RESULTS REVEAL A NOVEL EPIGENETIC MECHANISM THROUGH WHICH PRMT7-MEDIATED HISTONE ARGININE MONOMETHYLATION ACTIVATES FOXM1 TRANSCRIPTIONAL EXPRESSION TO REGULATE AMYFS PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION DURING LUNG ALVEOLOGENESIS AND MAY REPRESENT A POTENTIAL TARGET FOR INTERVENTION IN PULMONARY DISEASES.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
12  6297  35 THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF HBO1 ON CIGARETTE SMOKE EXTRACT-INDUCED APOPTOSIS IN AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS. PURPOSE: EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION IS ONE OF MOST IMPORTANT MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THE PATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD). THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE WHETHER HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE BINDING TO ORC1 (HBO1) CAN PROTECT AGAINST CIGARETTE SMOKE (CS)-INDUCED CELL APOPTOSIS AND SUSTAIN NORMAL HISTONE ACETYLATION IN COPD. METHODS: HUMAN LUNG TISSUE SAMPLES WERE OBTAINED FROM PATIENTS WHO UNDERWENT LUNG RESECTION. THE EMPHYSEMA MOUSE MODEL AND HBO1 OVEREXPRESSING MICE WERE EACH ESTABLISHED BY INTRAPERITONEAL INJECTION WITH CIGARETTE SMOKE EXTRACT (CSE) OR INTRATRACHEAL LENTIVIRAL VECTORS INSTILLATION. TUNEL (TERMINAL DEOXYNUCLEOTIDYL TRANSFERASE DUTP NICK END LABELING) ASSAYS WERE USED TO ASSESS APOPTOTIC RATIO IN MICE. THE APOPTOSIS OF HUMAN BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL CELLS (HBECS) WAS ASSAYED BY FLOW CYTOMETRY. HBO1, B-CELL LYMPHOMA-2 (BCL-2), AND H3K14AC PROTEIN EXPRESSION WERE DETECTED BY WESTERN BLOTTING. HBO1 MRNA EXPRESSION WAS MEASURED BY QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION. RESULTS: PROTEIN EXPRESSION OF HBO1 WAS DECREASED SIGNIFICANTLY IN LUNG TISSUE FROM COPD PATIENTS AND CSE-TREATED EMPHYSEMA MOUSE MODELS. OVEREXPRESSION OF HBO1 ATTENUATED CSE-INDUCED EMPHYSEMATOUS CHANGES, AS WELL AS APOPTOSIS IN THE LUNGS OF COPD MICE. IN VITRO, THE HBO1 PROTEIN DEGRADED IN A TIME- AND DOSE-DEPENDENT COURSE WITH CSE TREATMENT. WITH FLOW CYTOMETRY, WE PROVED THAT HBO1 COULD REVERSE THE APOPTOSIS OF HBECS INDUCED BY CSE. FURTHERMORE, HBO1 OVEREXPRESSION PROMOTED THE EXPRESSION OF ANTI-APOPTOTIC BCL-2 PROTEIN AND ENHANCED H3K14 ACETYLATION IN AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS. CONCLUSION: THESE FINDINGS DEMONSTRATE THAT THE KEY HISTONE MODULATOR HBO1 PLAYS A PROTECTIVE ROLE IN COPD PATHOGENESIS THAT MAY SHED LIGHT ON POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS TO INHIBIT THE PROGRESS OF COPD.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
13   481  30 ARSENIC-INDUCED SUMOYLATION OF MUS81 IS INVOLVED IN REGULATING GENOMIC STABILITY. CHRONIC ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO METAL TOXICANTS SUCH AS CHROMIUM AND ARSENIC IS CLOSELY RELATED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF SEVERAL TYPES OF COMMON CANCERS. GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC STUDIES IN THE PAST DECADE REVEAL THAT POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS OF HISTONES PLAY A ROLE IN METAL CARCINOGENESIS. HOWEVER, EXACT MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF METAL CARCINOGENESIS REMAIN TO BE ELUCIDATED. IN THIS STUDY WE FOUND THAT AS(2)O(3), AN ENVIRONMENTAL METAL TOXICANT, UPREGULATED OVERALL MODIFICATIONS OF MANY CELLULAR PROTEINS BY SUMO2/3. SUMOYLATED PROTEINS FROM ARSENIC-TREATED CELLS CONSTITUTIVELY EXPRESSING HIS(6)-SUMO2 WERE PULLED DOWN BY NI-IDA RESIN UNDER DENATURING CONDITIONS. MASS SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS REVEALED OVER 100 PROTEINS THAT WERE POTENTIALLY MODIFIED BY SUMOYLATION. MUS81, A DNA ENDONUCLEASE INVOLVED IN HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION REPAIR, WAS AMONG THE IDENTIFIED PROTEINS WHOSE SUMOYLATION WAS INCREASED AFTER TREATMENT WITH AS(2)O(3.) WE FURTHER SHOWED THAT K10 AND K524 WERE 2 LYSINE RESIDUES ESSENTIAL FOR MUS81 SUMOYLATION. MOREOVER, WE DEMONSTRATED THAT MUS81 SUMOYLATION IS IMPORTANT FOR NORMAL MITOTIC CHROMOSOME CONGRESSION AND THAT CELLS EXPRESSING SUMO-RESISTANT MUS81 MUTANTS DISPLAYED COMPROMISED DNA DAMAGE RESPONSES AFTER EXPOSURE TO METAL TOXINS SUCH AS CR(VI) AND ARSENIC.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
14  3303  26 HIGH-FREQUENCY P16(INK) (4A) PROMOTER METHYLATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH HISTONE METHYLTRANSFERASE SETDB1 EXPRESSION IN SPORADIC CUTANEOUS MELANOMA. EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS PARTICIPATE IN MELANOMA DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION. THE EFFECT OF HISTONE MODIFICATIONS AND THEIR CATALYSING ENZYMES OVER EUCHROMATIC PROMOTER DNA METHYLATION IN MELANOMA REMAINS UNCLEAR. THIS STUDY INVESTIGATED THE POTENTIAL ASSOCIATION OF P16(INK) (4A) PROMOTER METHYLATION WITH HISTONE METHYLTRANSFERASE SETDB1 EXPRESSION IN GREEK PATIENTS WITH SPORADIC MELANOMA AND THEIR CORRELATION WITH CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS. PROMOTER METHYLATION WAS DETECTED BY METHYLATION-SPECIFIC PCR IN 100 PERIPHERAL BLOOD SAMPLES AND 58 MELANOMA TISSUES FROM THE SAME PATIENTS. CELL PROLIFERATION (KI-67 INDEX), P16(INK) (4A) AND SETDB1 EXPRESSION WERE EVALUATED BY IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY. HIGH-FREQUENCY PROMOTER METHYLATION (25.86%) WAS OBSERVED IN TISSUE SAMPLES AND CORRELATED WITH INCREASED CELL PROLIFERATION (P = 0.0514). P16(INK) (4A) PROMOTER METHYLATION WAS HIGHER IN VERTICAL GROWTH-PHASE (60%) MELANOMAS THAN IN RADIAL (40%, P = 0.063) AND THOSE DISPLAYING EPIDERMAL INVOLVEMENT (P = 0.046). IMPORTANTLY, P16(INK) (4A) METHYLATION CORRELATED WITH INCREASED MELANOMA THICKNESS ACCORDING TO BRESLOW INDEX (P = 0.0495) AND MARGINALLY WITH INCREASED CLARK LEVEL (I/II VS III/IV/V, P = 0.070). LOW (1-30%) P16(INK) (4A) EXPRESSION WAS DETECTED AT THE MAJORITY (19 OF 54) OF MELANOMA CASES (35.19%), BEING MARGINALLY CORRELATED WITH TUMOR LYMPHOCYTIC INFILTRATION (P = 0.078). SETDB1 NUCLEAR IMMUNOREACTIVITY WAS OBSERVED IN 47 OF 57 (82.46%) CASES, WHEREAS 27 OF 57 (47.37%) SHOWED CYTOPLASMIC IMMUNOEXPRESSION. CYTOPLASMIC SETDB1 EXPRESSION CORRELATED WITH HIGHER FREQUENCY OF P16(INK) (4A) METHYLATION AND P16(INK) (4A) EXPRESSION (P = 0.033, P = 0.011, RESPECTIVELY). INCREASED NUCLEAR SETDB1 LEVELS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER MITOTIC COUNT (0-5/MM(2) VS >5/MM(2) , P = 0.0869), ADVANCED CLARK LEVEL (III-V, P = 0.0380), EPIDERMAL INVOLVEMENT (P = 0.0331) AND THE NON-CHRONIC SUN EXPOSURE-ASSOCIATED MELANOMA TYPE (P = 0.0664). OUR DATA DEMONSTRATE FOR THE FIRST TIME THE ASSOCIATION OF HISTONE METHYLTRANSFERASE SETDB1 WITH FREQUENT METHYLATION OF THE EUCHROMATIC P16(INK) (4A) PROMOTER AND SEVERAL PROGNOSTIC PARAMETERS IN MELANOMAS.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
15   470  29 ARID1B, A MOLECULAR SUPPRESSOR OF ERYTHROPOIESIS, IS ESSENTIAL FOR THE PREVENTION OF MONGE'S DISEASE. AT HIGH ALTITUDE ANDEAN REGION, HYPOXIA-INDUCED EXCESSIVE ERYTHROCYTOSIS (EE) IS THE DEFINING FEATURE OF MONGE'S DISEASE OR CHRONIC MOUNTAIN SICKNESS (CMS). AT THE SAME ALTITUDE, RESIDES A POPULATION THAT HAS DEVELOPED ADAPTIVE MECHANISM(S) TO CONSTRAIN THIS HYPOXIC RESPONSE (NON-CMS). IN THIS STUDY, WE UTILIZED AN IN VITRO INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELL MODEL SYSTEM TO STUDY BOTH POPULATIONS USING GENOMIC AND MOLECULAR APPROACHES. OUR WHOLE GENOME ANALYSIS OF THE TWO GROUPS IDENTIFIED DIFFERENTIAL SNPS BETWEEN THE CMS AND NON-CMS SUBJECTS IN THE ARID1B REGION. UNDER HYPOXIA, THE EXPRESSION LEVELS OF ARID1B SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED IN THE NON-CMS CELLS BUT DECREASED IN THE CMS CELLS. AT THE MOLECULAR LEVEL, ARID1B KNOCKDOWN (KD) IN NON-CMS CELLS INCREASED THE LEVELS OF THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATOR GATA1 BY 3-FOLD AND RBC LEVELS BY 100-FOLD UNDER HYPOXIA. ARID1B KD IN NON-CMS CELLS LED TO INCREASED PROLIFERATION AND EPO SENSITIVITY BY LOWERING P53 LEVELS AND DECREASING APOPTOSIS THROUGH GATA1 MEDIATION. INTERESTINGLY, UNDER HYPOXIA ARID1B SHOWED AN EPIGENETIC ROLE, ALTERING THE CHROMATIN STATES OF ERYTHROID GENES. INDEED, COMBINED REAL-TIME PCR AND ATAC-SEQ RESULTS SHOWED THAT ARID1B MODULATES THE EXPRESSION OF GATA1 AND P53 AND CHROMATIN ACCESSIBILITY AT GATA1/P53 TARGET GENES. WE CONCLUDE THAT ARID1B IS A NOVEL ERYTHROID REGULATOR UNDER HYPOXIA THAT CONTROLS VARIOUS ASPECTS OF ERYTHROPOIESIS IN HIGH-ALTITUDE DWELLERS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
16   694  26 BREAST MILK MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS AND/OR DERIVED EXOSOMES MITIGATED ADENINE-INDUCED NEPHROPATHY VIA MODULATING RENAL AUTOPHAGY AND FIBROTIC SIGNALING PATHWAYS AND THEIR EPIGENETIC REGULATIONS. CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD), A GLOBAL HEALTH CONCERN, IS HIGHLY PREVALENT AMONG ADULTS. PRESENTLY, THERE ARE LIMITED THERAPEUTIC OPTIONS TO RESTORE KIDNEY FUNCTION. THIS STUDY AIMED TO INVESTIGATE THE THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF BREAST MILK MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS (BR-MSCS) AND THEIR DERIVED EXOSOMES IN CKD. EIGHTY ADULT MALE SPRAGUE DAWLEY RATS WERE RANDOMLY ASSIGNED TO ONE OF SIX GROUPS, INCLUDING CONTROL, NEPHROPATHY, NEPHROPATHY + CONDITIONED MEDIA (CM), NEPHROPATHY + BR-MSCS, NEPHROPATHY + BR-MSCS DERIVED EXOSOMES (BR-MSCS-EXOS), AND NEPHROPATHY + BR-MSCS + BR-MSCS-EXOS. BEFORE ADMINISTRATION, BR-MSCS AND BR-MSCS-EXOS WERE ISOLATED, IDENTIFIED, AND LABELED WITH PKH-26. SOX2, NANOG, AND OCT3/4 EXPRESSION LEVELS IN BR-MSCS AND MIR-29B, MIR-181, AND LET-7B IN BOTH BR-MSCS AND BR-MSCS-EXOS WERE ASSAYED. TWELVE WEEKS AFTER TRANSPLANTATION, RENAL FUNCTION TESTS, OXIDATIVE STRESS, EXPRESSION OF THE LONG NON-CODING RNA SNHG-7, AUTOPHAGY, FIBROSIS, AND EXPRESSION OF PROFIBROTIC MIR-34A AND ANTIFIBROTIC MIR-29B, MIR-181, AND LET-7B WERE MEASURED IN RENAL TISSUES. IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS FOR RENAL BECLIN-1, LC3-II, AND P62, MASSON TRICHOME STAINING, AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF KIDNEY TISSUES WERE ALSO PERFORMED. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT BR-MSCS EXPRESSED SOX2, NANOG, AND OCT3/4, WHILE BOTH BR-MSCS AND BR-MSCS-EXOS EXPRESSED ANTIFIBROTIC MIR-181, MIR-29B, AND LET-7B, WITH HIGHER EXPRESSION LEVELS IN EXOSOMES THAN IN BR-MSCS. INTERESTINGLY, THE ADMINISTRATION OF BR-MSCS + EXOS, EXOS, AND BR-MSCS IMPROVED RENAL FUNCTION TESTS, REDUCED RENAL OXIDATIVE STRESS, UPREGULATED THE RENAL EXPRESSION OF SNHG-7, AMPK, ULK-1, BECLIN-1, LC3, MIR-29B, MIR-181, LET-7B, AND SMAD-7, DOWNREGULATED THE RENAL EXPRESSION OF MIR-34A, AKT, MTOR, P62, TGF-BETA, SMAD-3, AND COLI-1, AND AMELIORATED RENAL PATHOLOGY. THUS, BR-MSCS AND/OR THEIR DERIVED EXOSOMES APPEAR TO REDUCE ADENINE-INDUCED RENAL DAMAGE BY SECRETING ANTIFIBROTIC MICRORNAS AND POTENTIATE RENAL AUTOPHAGY BY MODULATING SNHG-7 EXPRESSION.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
17  5677  27 SHORT AIP1 (ASK1-INTERACTING PROTEIN-1) ISOFORM LOCALIZES TO THE MITOCHONDRIA AND PROMOTES VASCULAR DYSFUNCTION. OBJECTIVE: VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS (ECS) NORMALLY MAINTAIN VASCULAR HOMEOSTASIS AND ARE REGULATED BY PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AND REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES. A HUMAN GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY IDENTIFIED THAT AIP1 (ASK1 [APOPTOSIS SIGNAL-REGULATING KINASE 1]-INTERACTING PROTEIN-1; ALSO IDENTIFIED AS DAB2IP) GENE VARIANTS CONFER SUSCEPTIBILITY TO CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, BUT THE UNDERLYING MECHANISM IS UNKNOWN. APPROACH AND RESULTS: WE DETECTED A NORMAL AIP1 FORM (NAMED AIP1A) IN THE HEALTHY AORTA, BUT A SHORTER FORM OF AIP1 (NAMED AIP1B) WAS FOUND IN DISEASED AORTAE THAT CONTAINED ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES AND GRAFT ARTERIOSCLEROSIS. AIP1B TRANSCRIPTION IN RESTING ECS WAS SUPPRESSED THROUGH EPIGENETIC INHIBITION BY RIF1 (RAP1 [RAS-RELATED PROTEIN 1]-INTERACTING FACTOR 1)/H3K9 (HISTONE H3 LYSINE 9) METHYLTRANSFERASE-MEDIATED H3K9 TRIMETHYLATION, AND THIS INHIBITION WAS RELEASED BY PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES. AIP1A, BUT NOT AIP1B, WAS DOWNREGULATED BY PROTEOLYTIC DEGRADATION THROUGH A SMURF1 (SMAD [SUPPRESSOR OF MOTHERS AGAINST DECAPENTAPLEGIC MISCELLANEOUS] UBIQUITYLATION REGULATORY FACTOR 1)-DEPENDENT PATHWAY IN ECS UNDER INFLAMMATION. THEREFORE, AIP1B WAS THE MAJOR FORM PRESENT DURING INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS. AIP1B, WHICH LACKS THE N-TERMINAL PLECKSTRIN HOMOLOGY DOMAIN OF AIP1A, LOCALIZED TO THE MITOCHONDRIA AND AUGMENTED TNFALPHA (TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA)-INDUCED MITOCHONDRIAL REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES GENERATION AND EC ACTIVATION. AIP1B-ECTG (EC-SPECIFIC AIP1B TRANSGENIC) MICE EXHIBITED AUGMENTED REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES PRODUCTION, EC ACTIVATION, AND NEOINTIMA FORMATION IN VASCULAR REMODELING MODELS. CONCLUSIONS: OUR CURRENT STUDY SUGGESTS THAT A SHIFT FROM ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AIP1A TO PROINFLAMMATORY AIP1B DURING CHRONIC INFLAMMATION PLAYS A KEY ROLE IN INFLAMMATORY VASCULAR DISEASES.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
18  5487  26 REVERSIBLE ALTERATION IN THE EXPRESSION OF THE GAP JUNCTIONAL PROTEIN CONNEXIN 32 DURING TUMOR PROMOTION IN RAT LIVER AND ITS ROLE DURING CELL PROLIFERATION. ALTHOUGH NUMEROUS BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS CAN IDENTIFY PUTATIVE PRENEOPLASTIC ALTERED HEPATIC FOCI (AHF) IN RAT LIVER, NO CONSISTENT PATTERN OF EXPRESSION DURING HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS HAS EMERGED. USING QUANTITATIVE STEREOLOGIC ANALYSES WE DEMONSTRATED THAT DECREASED EXPRESSION OF THE MAJOR HEPATOCYTE GAP JUNCTION PROTEIN, CONNEXIN 32 (CX32), IN RAT AHF IS A CONSISTENT OBSERVATION IN SEVERAL PROTOCOLS OF MULTISTAGE HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS. THIS CHANGE WAS OBSERVED AFTER INITIATION BY EITHER ETHYLNITROSOUREA (ENU) OR DIETHYLNITROSAMINE (DEN), FOLLOWED BY PROMOTION WITH PHENOBARBITAL (PB), DIOXIN, CHLORENDIC ACID, C.I. SOLVENT YELLOW, OR TAMOXIFEN. AHF GENERATED BY WY-14,643, CIPROFIBRATE, AND A CHOLINE/METHIONINE-DEFICIENT DIETARY REGIMEN ALSO SHOWED DECREASED CX32 EXPRESSION. THE DECREASE OF CX32 IN AHF WAS RAPIDLY REVERSIBLE AFTER WITHDRAWAL OF PB, AND THIS CHANGE PRECEDED A REDUCTION IN PLACENTAL ISOZYME OF GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE (GST) EXPRESSION IN THE SAME AHF. WITHIN 20 DAYS OF WITHDRAWAL, FEWER THAN 4% OF GST-POSITIVE AHF WERE CX32 DEFICIENT, WHILE THE VOLUME OF TOTAL AHF DECREASED 30%. CHRONIC PB TREATMENT ALSO RESULTED IN A REVERSIBLE DECREASE IN CX32 SPECIFICALLY IN MID- AND CENTRO-LOBULAR HEPATOCYTES. CONTINUOUS THYMIDINE LABELING DEMONSTRATED THAT CX32 COULD BE UNCOUPLED FROM THE CELL CYCLE, SUGGESTING THAT SOME LIVER PROMOTERS MAY ACT DIRECTLY TO ALTER THE EXPRESSION OF CX32. THESE OBSERVATIONS SUGGEST THAT A DECREASE IN CX32 CONTENT WAS A RELATIVELY COMMON EPIGENETIC CHANGE IN AHF INDUCED DURING HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS BY A NUMBER OF INITIATING AND PROMOTING AGENTS BUT THAT THIS CHANGE WAS NOT SUFFICIENT FOR CARCINOGENESIS. THIS CHANGE, HOWEVER, MAY BE NECESSARY FOR THE MECHANISM(S) OF TUMOR PROMOTION, SINCE CX32-POSITIVE AHF DID NOT PROLIFERATE AS READILY AS CX32-DEFICIENT AHF.	1990	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
19  5990  27 TGF-BETA1 PROMOTES EXPRESSION OF FIBROSIS-RELATED GENES THROUGH THE INDUCTION OF HISTONE VARIANT H3.3 AND HISTONE CHAPERONE HIRA. RENAL FIBROSIS IS A HISTOLOGICAL MANIFESTATION THAT OCCURS IN ALMOST EVERY TYPE OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE. HISTONE VARIANT H3.3 AND ITS CHAPERONE, HISTONE CELL CYCLE REGULATION DEFECTIVE HOMOLOG A (HIRA), SERVE AS EPIGENETIC MARKS THAT REGULATE TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVITY. IN THIS STUDY, WE ASSESSED THE ROLES OF HISTONE H3.3 AND HIRA IN UNILATERAL URETERAL-OBSTRUCTION (UUO) MICE. IN UUO MICE, THE LEVELS OF HISTONE H3.3 AND HIRA WERE SIGNIFICANTLY UPREGULATED IN THE KIDNEYS. THESE UPREGULATED LEVELS WERE DECREASED BY A TGF-BETA1 NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY. TGF-BETA1 INDUCED HISTONE H3.3 AND HIRA EXPRESSION IN VITRO VIA A SMAD3-DEPENDENT PATHWAY IN NORMAL RAT KIDNEY (NRK)-52E CELLS. ADDITIONALLY, KNOCKDOWN OF HIRA EXPRESSION DECREASED HISTONE H3.3 EXPRESSION AND FIBROGENESIS IN NRK-52E CELLS AFTER TGF-BETA1 STIMULATION. CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT PROMOTERS OF FIBROSIS-RELATED GENES WERE IMMUNOPRECIPITATED WITH BOTH HISTONE H3.3 AND HIRA IN NRK-52E CELLS. LASTLY, IN HUMAN KIDNEY BIOPSIES FROM PATIENTS DIAGNOSED WITH IGA NEPHROPATHY, HISTONE H3.3 AND HIRA IMMUNOSTAINING CORRELATED POSITIVELY WITH AREAS OF FIBROSIS AND ESTIMATED GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE. IN CONCLUSION, TGF-BETA1 INDUCES EXPRESSION OF HISTONE H3.3 AND HIRA, WHICH REGULATES EXPRESSION OF FIBROSIS-RELATED GENES.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
20  2819  17 FILARIAL AND WOLBACHIA GENOMICS. FILARIAL NEMATODE PARASITES, THE CAUSATIVE AGENTS FOR A SPECTRUM OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC DISEASES INCLUDING LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS AND RIVER BLINDNESS, THREATEN THE WELL-BEING AND LIVELIHOOD OF HUNDREDS OF MILLIONS OF PEOPLE IN THE DEVELOPING REGIONS OF THE WORLD. THE 2007 PUBLICATION ON A DRAFT ASSEMBLY OF THE 95-MB GENOME OF THE HUMAN FILARIAL PARASITE BRUGIA MALAYI- REPRESENTING THE FIRST HELMINTH PARASITE GENOME TO BE SEQUENCED - HAS BEEN FOLLOWED IN RAPID SUCCESSION BY PROJECTS THAT HAVE RESULTED IN THE GENOME SEQUENCING OF SIX ADDITIONAL FILARIAL SPECIES, SEVEN NONFILARIAL NEMATODE PARASITES OF ANIMALS AND NEARLY 30 PLANT PARASITIC AND FREE-LIVING SPECIES. PARALLEL TO THE GENOMIC SEQUENCING, TRANSCRIPTOMIC AND PROTEOMIC PROJECTS HAVE FACILITATED GENOME ANNOTATION, EXPANDED OUR UNDERSTANDING OF STAGE-ASSOCIATED GENE EXPRESSION AND PROVIDED A FIRST LOOK AT THE ROLE OF EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF FILARIAL GENOMES THROUGH MICRORNAS. THE EXPANSION IN FILARIAL GENOMICS WILL ALSO PROVIDE A SIGNIFICANT ENRICHMENT IN OUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE DIVERSITY AND VARIABILITY IN THE GENOMES OF THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC BACTERIUM WOLBACHIA LEADING TO A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE GENETIC PRINCIPLES THAT GOVERN FILARIAL-WOLBACHIA MUTUALISM. THE GOAL HERE IS TO PROVIDE AN OVERVIEW OF THE TRENDS AND ADVANCES IN FILARIAL AND WOLBACHIA GENOMICS.	2012