1  3447 105 HYPERMETHYLATION OF MITOCHONDRIAL TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR A INDUCED BY CIGARETTE SMOKE IS ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: CIGARETTE SMOKING IS A LEADING ENVIRONMENTAL CONTRIBUTOR TO CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD), BUT ITS EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF MTTFA GENE REMAINS ELUSIVE. THIS STUDY AIMS TO EXPLORE THE RELATIONSHIP OF DNA METHYLATION OF MTTFA AND CIGARETTE SMOKING IN COPD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: WE ANALYZED DNA METHYLATION ON MTTFA PROMOTERS IN CLINICAL SAMPLES FROM COPD PATIENTS AND SUBJECTS WITH NORMAL PULMONARY FUNCTION. EXPRESSION OF MTTFA MRNA IN THE CLINICAL SAMPLES AND MTTFA MRNA AND PROTEIN IN HUMAN UMBILICAL VEIN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS(HUVECS) TREATED WITH CIGARETTE SMOKE EXTRACT (CSE) WAS EVALUATED. MTTFA MRNA AND PROTEIN LEVELS WERE MEASURED TO DETERMINE EFFECTS OF DEMETHYLATION AGENTS ON CSE-TREATED HUVECS. RESULTS: THE DNA METHYLATION LEVEL OF THE MTTFA PROMOTER WAS SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED IN COPD GROUP. EXPRESSION OF MTTFA MRNA WAS DOWNREGULATED IN THE LUNGS AS A CONSEQUENCE OF HYPERMETHYLATION OF MTTFA PROMOTER. EXPRESSION OF MTTFA MRNA AND PROTEIN WAS DOWNREGULATED IN CSE-TREATED HUVECS AS A CONSEQUENCE OF HYPERMETHYLATION OF THE MTTFA PROMOTER. MTTFA EXPRESSION IN CSE-TREATED HUVECS WAS RESTORED BY THE METHYLATION INHIBITOR, 5-AZA-2'-DEOXYCYTIDINE(AZA). CONCLUSIONS: CIGARETTE SMOKE-INDUCED HYPERMETHYLATION OF THE MTTFA PROMOTER IS RELATED TO THE INITIATION AND PROGRESSION OF COPD. OUR FINDING MAY PROVIDE A NEW STRATEGY FOR THE INTERVENTION OF COPD BY DEVELOPING DEMETHYLATION AGENTS TARGETING MTTFA HYPERMETHYLATION.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
2  1550  33 DNA METHYLATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH AIRFLOW OBSTRUCTION IN PATIENTS LIVING WITH HIV. INTRODUCTION: PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV (PLWH) SUFFER FROM AGE-RELATED COMORBIDITIES SUCH AS COPD. THE PROCESSES RESPONSIBLE FOR REDUCED LUNG FUNCTION IN PLWH ARE LARGELY UNKNOWN. WE PERFORMED AN EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY TO INVESTIGATE WHETHER BLOOD DNA METHYLATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH IMPAIRED LUNG FUNCTION IN PLWH. METHODS: USING BLOOD DNA METHYLATION PROFILES FROM 161 PLWH, WE TESTED THE EFFECT OF METHYLATION ON FEV(1), FEV(1)/FVC RATIO AND FEV(1) DECLINE OVER A MEDIAN OF 5 YEARS. WE EVALUATED THE GLOBAL METHYLATION OF PLWH WITH AIRFLOW OBSTRUCTION BY TESTING THE DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION OF TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS ALU AND LINE-1, A WELL-DESCRIBED MARKER OF EPIGENETIC AGEING. RESULTS: AIRFLOW OBSTRUCTION AS DEFINED BY A FEV(1)/FVC<0.70 WAS ASSOCIATED WITH 1393 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED POSITIONS (DMPS), WHILE 4676 WERE ASSOCIATED WITH AIRFLOW OBSTRUCTION BASED ON THE FEV(1)/FVC<LOWER LIMIT OF NORMAL. THESE DMPS WERE ENRICHED FOR BIOLOGICAL PATHWAYS ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC VIRAL INFECTIONS. THE AIRFLOW OBSTRUCTION GROUP WAS GLOBALLY HYPOMETHYLATED COMPARED WITH THOSE WITHOUT AIRFLOW OBSTRUCTION. 103 AND 7112 DMPS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH FEV(1) AND FEV(1)/FVC, RESPECTIVELY. NO POSITIONS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH FEV(1) DECLINE. CONCLUSION: A LARGE NUMBER OF DMPS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH AIRFLOW OBSTRUCTION AND LUNG FUNCTION IN A UNIQUE COHORT OF PLWH. AIRFLOW OBSTRUCTION IN EVEN RELATIVELY YOUNG PLWH IS ASSOCIATED WITH GLOBAL HYPOMETHYLATION, SUGGESTING ADVANCED EPIGENETIC AGEING COMPARED WITH THOSE WITH NORMAL LUNG FUNCTION. THE DISTURBANCE OF THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF KEY GENES NOT PREVIOUSLY IDENTIFIED IN NON-HIV COPD COHORTS COULD EXPLAIN THE UNIQUE RISK OF COPD IN PLWH.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
3  6440  25 THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES FOR CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) EXACERBATIONS. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) IS A PROGRESSIVE PULMONARY DISORDER UNDERPINNED BY POORLY REVERSIBLE AIRFLOW RESULTING FROM CHRONIC BRONCHITIS OR EMPHYSEMA. THE PREVALENCE AND MORTALITY OF COPD CONTINUE TO INCREASE. PHARMACOTHERAPY FOR PATIENTS WITH COPD HAS INCLUDED ANTIBIOTICS, BRONCHODILATORS, AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY CORTICOSTEROIDS (BUT WITH LITTLE SUCCESS). ORAL DISEASES HAVE LONG BEEN ESTABLISHED AS CLINICAL RISK FACTORS FOR DEVELOPING RESPIRATORY DISEASES. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A VERY SIMILAR MICROBIOME IN THE MOUTH AND THE LUNG CONFIRMS THE ORAL-LUNG CONNECTION. THE ASPIRATION OF PATHOGENIC MICROBES FROM THE ORAL CAVITY HAS BEEN IMPLICATED IN SEVERAL RESPIRATORY DISEASES, INCLUDING PNEUMONIA AND CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD). THIS REVIEW FOCUSES ON CURRENT AND FUTURE PHARMACOTHERAPEUTIC APPROACHES FOR COPD EXACERBATION INCLUDING ANTIMICROBIALS, MUCOREGULATORS, THE USE OF BRONCHODILATORS AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS, MODIFYING EPIGENETIC MARKS, AND MODULATING DYSBIOSIS OF THE MICROBIOME.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
4  2737  29 EXPOSING A DEADLY ALLIANCE: NOVEL INSIGHTS INTO THE BIOLOGICAL LINKS BETWEEN COPD AND LUNG CANCER. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) AFFECTS MORE THAN 200 MILLION PEOPLE WORLDWIDE AND IS EXPECTED TO BECOME THE THIRD LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH IN 2020. COPD IS CHARACTERIZED BY PROGRESSIVE AIRFLOW LIMITATION, DUE TO A COMBINATION OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATION AND REMODELING OF THE SMALL AIRWAYS (BRONCHIOLITIS) AND LOSS OF ELASTIC RECOIL CAUSED BY DESTRUCTION OF THE ALVEOLAR WALLS (EMPHYSEMA). LUNG CANCER IS THE MOST IMPORTANT CAUSE OF CANCER-RELATED DEATH IN THE WORLD. (CIGARETTE) SMOKING IS THE PRINCIPAL CULPRIT CAUSING BOTH COPD AND LUNG CANCER; IN ADDITION, EXPOSURE TO ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE, BIOMASS FUEL SMOKE, COAL SMOKE AND OUTDOOR AIR POLLUTION HAVE ALSO BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASED INCIDENCE OF BOTH DISEASES. IMPORTANTLY, SMOKERS WITH COPD--DEFINED AS EITHER NOT FULLY REVERSIBLE AIRFLOW LIMITATION OR EMPHYSEMA--HAVE A TWO- TO FOUR-FOLD INCREASED RISK TO DEVELOP LUNG CANCER. IN THIS REVIEW, WE HIGHLIGHT SEVERAL OF THE GENETIC, EPIGENETIC AND INFLAMMATORY MECHANISMS, WHICH LINK COPD AND CARCINOGENESIS IN THE LUNGS. ELUCIDATING THE BIOLOGICAL PATHWAYS AND NETWORKS, WHICH UNDERLIE THE INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY OF LUNG CANCER IN PATIENTS WITH COPD, HAS IMPORTANT IMPLICATIONS FOR SCREENING, PREVENTION, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF THESE TWO DEVASTATING PULMONARY DISEASES.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
5  3497  49 IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL EPIGENETIC ABNORMALITIES AS SPUTUM BIOMARKERS FOR LUNG CANCER RISK AMONG SMOKERS AND COPD PATIENTS. OBJECTIVES: SMOKING IS A COMMON RISK FACTOR FOR CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) AND LUNG CANCER. ALTHOUGH COPD PATIENTS HAVE HIGHER RISK OF LUNG CANCER COMPARED TO NON-COPD SMOKERS, THE MOLECULAR LINKS BETWEEN THESE DISEASES ARE NOT WELL-DEFINED. THIS STUDY AIMS TO IDENTIFY GENES THAT ARE DOWNREGULATED BY CIGARETTE SMOKE AND COMMONLY REPRESSED IN COPD AND LUNG CANCER. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PRIMARY HUMAN AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS (HAEC) WERE EXPOSED TO CIGARETTE-SMOKE-EXTRACT (CSE) FOR 10-WEEKS AND SIGNIFICANTLY SUPPRESSED GENES WERE IDENTIFIED BY TRANSCRIPTOME ARRAY. EPIGENETIC ABNORMALITIES OF THESE GENES IN LUNG ADENOCARCINOMA (LUAD) FROM PATIENTS WITH OR WITHOUT COPD WERE DETERMINED USING GENOME-WIDE AND GENE-SPECIFIC ASSAYS AND BY IN VITRO TREATMENT OF CELL LINES WITH TRICHOSTATIN-A OR 5-AZA-2-DEOXYCYTIDINE. RESULTS: THE TEN MOST COMMONLY DOWNREGULATED GENES FOLLOWING CHRONIC CSE EXPOSURE OF HAEC AND SHOW PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATION IN LUAD WERE SELECTED. AMONG THESE, EXPRESSION OF CCNA1, SNCA, AND ZNF549 WAS SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED IN LUNG TISSUES FROM COPD COMPARED WITH NON-COPD CASES WHILE EXPRESSION OF CCNA1 AND SNCA WAS FURTHER DOWNREGULATED IN TUMORS WITH COPD. THE PROMOTER REGIONS OF ALL THREE GENES WERE HYPERMETHYLATED IN LUAD BUT NOT NORMAL OR COPD LUNGS. THE REDUCED EXPRESSION AND ABERRANT PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATION OF THESE GENES IN LUAD WERE INDEPENDENTLY VALIDATED USING DATA FROM THE CANCER GENOME ATLAS PROJECT. IMPORTANTLY, SNCA AND ZNF549 METHYLATION DETECTED IN SPUTUM DNA FROM LUAD (52% AND 38%) CASES WERE MORE PREVALENT COMPARED TO CANCER-FREE SMOKERS (26% AND 15%), RESPECTIVELY (P < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: OUR DATA SHOW THAT SUPPRESSION OF CCNA1, SNCA, AND ZNF549 IN LUNG CANCER AND COPD OCCURS WITH OR WITHOUT PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATION, RESPECTIVELY. DETECTING METHYLATION OF THESE AND PREVIOUSLY IDENTIFIED GENES IN SPUTUM OF CANCER-FREE SMOKERS MAY SERVE AS NON-INVASIVE BIOMARKERS FOR EARLY DETECTION OF LUNG CANCER AMONG HIGH RISK SMOKERS INCLUDING COPD PATIENTS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
6  2628  28 EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE AND LUNG FUNCTION IN KOREANS. AIM: TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED PROBES (DMPS) AND REGIONS (DMRS) IN RELATION TO CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) AND LUNG FUNCTION TRAITS. METHODS: WE PERFORMED AN EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY OF COPD AND SPIROMETRIC PARAMETERS, INCLUDING FORCED EXPIRATORY VOLUME IN 1 S (FEV1), FORCED VITAL CAPACITY (FVC) AND FEV1/FVC, IN BLOOD DNA USING THE INFINIUM HUMANMETHYLATION450 (N = 100, A KOREAN COPD COHORT). RESULTS: WE FOUND ONE SIGNIFICANT DMP (CG03559389, DIP2C) AND 104 SIGNIFICANT DMRS AFTER MULTIPLE-TESTING CORRECTION. OF THESE, 34 DMRS MAPPED TO GENES DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSED WITH RESPECT TO THE SAME TRAIT. FIVE OF THE GENES WERE ASSOCIATED WITH MORE THAN TWO TRAITS: CTU2, USP36, ZNF516, KLK10 AND CPT1B. CONCLUSION: WE IDENTIFIED NOVEL DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION LOCI RELATED TO COPD AND LUNG FUNCTION IN BLOOD DNA IN KOREANS AND CONFIRMED PREVIOUS FINDINGS IN NON-ASIANS. EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION COULD CONTRIBUTE TO THE ETIOLOGY OF THESE PHENOTYPES.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
7  6330  28 THE ROLE OF CIGARETTE SMOKE-INDUCED PULMONARY VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELL APOPTOSIS IN COPD. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) IS ONE OF THE MOST COMMON CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASES WITH HIGH MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY. IT HAS BECOME THE FIFTH MOST BURDENED AND THE THIRD MOST DEADLY DISEASE IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY AND INCREASES YEAR BY YEAR. THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF COPD ARE URGENT. SMOKING IS THE MAIN AND MOST COMMON RISK FACTOR FOR COPD. CIGARETTE SMOKE (CS) CONTAINS A LARGE NUMBER OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES, CAN CAUSE A SERIES OF CHANGES IN THE TRACHEA, LUNG TISSUE, PULMONARY BLOOD VESSELS, AND PROMOTES THE OCCURRENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF COPD. IN RECENT YEARS, THE DEVELOPMENT OF EPIGENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY HAVE PROVIDED NEW GUIDANCE FOR REVEALING THE PATHOGENESIS, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT OF DISEASES. THE LATEST RESEARCH INDICATES THAT PULMONARY VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELL APOPTOSIS INITIATES AND PARTICIPATES IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF COPD. IN THIS REVIEW, WE SUMMARIZE THE CURRENT RESEARCH ON THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CS-INDUCED PULMONARY VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELL APOPTOSIS IN COPD, PROVIDING A NEW RESEARCH DIRECTION FOR PATHOGENESIS OF COPD AND A NEW TARGET FOR THE DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT, AND PREVENTION OF COPD.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
8  4135  28 MECHANISMS OF LUNG DAMAGE AND DEVELOPMENT OF COPD DUE TO HOUSEHOLD BIOMASS-SMOKE EXPOSURE: INFLAMMATION, OXIDATIVE STRESS, MICRORNAS, AND GENE POLYMORPHISMS. CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO INDOOR BIOMASS SMOKE FROM THE COMBUSTION OF SOLID ORGANIC FUELS IS A MAJOR CAUSE OF DISEASE BURDEN WORLDWIDE. ALMOST 3 BILLION PEOPLE USE SOLID FUELS SUCH AS WOOD, CHARCOAL, AND CROP RESIDUES FOR INDOOR COOKING AND HEATING, ACCOUNTING FOR APPROXIMATELY 50% OF ALL HOUSEHOLDS AND 90% OF RURAL HOUSEHOLDS GLOBALLY. BIOMASS SMOKE CONTAINS MANY HAZARDOUS POLLUTANTS, RESULTING IN HOUSEHOLD AIR POLLUTION (HAP) EXPOSURE THAT OFTEN EXCEEDS INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS. LONG-TERM BIOMASS-SMOKE EXPOSURE IS ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) IN ADULTS, A LEADING CAUSE OF MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WORLDWIDE, CHRONIC BRONCHITIS, AND OTHER LUNG CONDITIONS. BIOMASS SMOKE-ASSOCIATED COPD DIFFERS FROM THE BEST-KNOWN CIGARETTE SMOKE-INDUCED COPD IN SEVERAL ASPECTS, SUCH AS A SLOWER DECLINE IN LUNG FUNCTION, GREATER AIRWAY INVOLVEMENT, AND LESS EMPHYSEMA, WHICH SUGGESTS A DIFFERENT PHENOTYPE AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. DESPITE THE HIGH BURDEN OF BIOMASS-ASSOCIATED COPD, THE MOLECULAR, GENETIC, AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS UNDERLYING ITS PATHOGENESIS ARE POORLY UNDERSTOOD. THIS REVIEW DESCRIBES THE PATHOGENIC MECHANISMS POTENTIALLY INVOLVED IN LUNG DAMAGE, THE DEVELOPMENT OF COPD ASSOCIATED WITH WOOD-DERIVED SMOKE EXPOSURE, AND THE INFLUENCE OF GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THIS DISEASE.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
9   304  35 AIRWAY AGING AND METHYLATION DISRUPTIONS IN HIV-ASSOCIATED CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. RATIONALE: AGE-RELATED DISEASES LIKE CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) OCCUR AT HIGHER RATES IN PEOPLE LIVING WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (PLWH) THAN IN UNINFECTED POPULATIONS. OBJECTIVES: TO IDENTIFY WHETHER ACCELERATED AGING CAN BE OBSERVED IN THE AIRWAYS OF PLWH WITH COPD, MANIFEST BY A UNIQUE DNA METHYLATION SIGNATURE. METHODS: BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL BRUSHINGS FROM PLWH WITH AND WITHOUT COPD AND HIV-UNINFECTED ADULTS WITH AND WITHOUT COPD (N = 76) WERE PROFILED FOR DNA METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION. WE EVALUATED GLOBAL ALU AND LINE-1 METHYLATION AND CALCULATED THE EPIGENETIC AGE USING THE HORVATH CLOCK AND THE METHYLATION TELOMERE LENGTH ESTIMATOR. TO IDENTIFY GENOME-WIDE DIFFERENTIAL DNA METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION ASSOCIATED WITH HIV AND COPD, ROBUST LINEAR MODELS WERE USED FOLLOWED BY AN EXPRESSION QUANTITATIVE TRAIT METHYLATION (EQTM) ANALYSIS. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION AND SHORTER METHYLATION ESTIMATES OF TELOMERE LENGTH WERE FOUND IN PLWH WITH COPD COMPARED WITH PLWH WITHOUT COPD AND UNINFECTED PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT COPD. GLOBAL HYPOMETHYLATION WAS IDENTIFIED IN PLWH. WE IDENTIFIED 7,970 CYTOSINE BASES LOCATED NEXT TO A GUANINE BASE (CPG SITES), 293 GENES, AND 9 EXPRESSION QUANTITATIVE TRAIT METHYLATION-GENE PAIRS ASSOCIATED WITH THE INTERACTION BETWEEN HIV AND COPD. ACTIN BINDING LIM PROTEIN FAMILY MEMBER 3 (ABLIM3) WAS ONE OF THE NOVEL CANDIDATE GENES FOR HIV-ASSOCIATED COPD HIGHLIGHTED BY OUR ANALYSIS. CONCLUSIONS: METHYLATION AGE ACCELERATION IS OBSERVED IN THE AIRWAY EPITHELIUM OF PLWH WITH COPD, A PROCESS THAT MAY BE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE HEIGHTENED RISK OF COPD IN THIS POPULATION. THEIR DISTINCT METHYLATION PROFILE, DIFFERING FROM THAT OBSERVED IN PATIENTS WITH COPD ALONE, SUGGESTS A UNIQUE PATHOGENESIS TO HIV-ASSOCIATED COPD. THE ASSOCIATIONS WARRANT FURTHER INVESTIGATION TO ESTABLISH CAUSALITY.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
10  3767  29 INTEGRATIVE EPIGENOMIC ANALYSIS IN DIFFERENTIATED HUMAN PRIMARY BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL CELLS EXPOSED TO CIGARETTE SMOKE. CIGARETTE SMOKE (CS) IS ONE OF THE MAJOR RISK FACTORS FOR MANY PULMONARY DISEASES, INCLUDING CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) AND LUNG CANCER. THE FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE FOR CS EXPOSURE IS THE BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL CELLS. ELUCIDATION OF THE EPIGENETIC CHANGES DURING CS EXPOSURE IS KEY TO GAINING A MECHANISTIC UNDERSTANDING INTO HOW MATURE AND DIFFERENTIATED BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL CELLS RESPOND TO CS. THEREFORE, WE PERFORMED EPIGENOMIC PROFILING IN CONJUNCTION WITH TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROFILING IN WELL-DIFFERENTIATED HUMAN BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL (HBE) CELLS CULTURED IN AIR-LIQUID INTERFACE (ALI) EXPOSED TO THE VAPOR PHASE OF CS. THE GENOME-WIDE ENRICHMENT OF HISTONE 3 LYSINE 27 ACETYLATION WAS DETECTED BY CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION FOLLOWED BY NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING (CHIP-SEQ) IN HBE CELLS AND SUGGESTED THE PLAUSIBLE BINDING OF SPECIFIC TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS RELATED TO CS EXPOSURE. ADDITIONALLY, INTERROGATION OF CHIP-SEQ DATA WITH GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING OF HBE CELLS AFTER CS EXPOSURE FOR DIFFERENT DURATIONS (3 HOURS, 2 DAYS, 4 DAYS) SUGGESTED THAT EARLIER EPIGENETIC CHANGES (3 HOURS AFTER CS EXPOSURE) MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH LATER GENE EXPRESSION CHANGES INDUCED BY CS EXPOSURE (4 DAYS). THE INTEGRATION OF EPIGENETICS AND GENE EXPRESSION DATA REVEALED SIGNALING PATHWAYS RELATED TO CS-INDUCED EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN HBE CELLS THAT MAY IDENTIFY NOVEL REGULATORY PATHWAYS RELATED TO CS-INDUCED COPD.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
11  5422  36 REGULATION OF LUNG EPITHELIAL CELL SENESCENCE IN SMOKING-INDUCED COPD/EMPHYSEMA BY MICROR-125A-5P VIA SP1 MEDIATION OF SIRT1/HIF-1A. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) AFFECTS THE HEALTH OF MORE THAN 300 MILLION PEOPLE WORLDWIDE; AT PRESENT, THERE IS NO EFFECTIVE DRUG TO TREAT COPD. SMOKING IS THE MOST IMPORTANT RISK FACTOR, BUT THE MOLECULAR MECHANISM BY WHICH SMOKING CAUSES THE DISEASE IS UNCLEAR. THE SENESCENCE OF LUNG EPITHELIAL CELLS IS RELATED TO DEVELOPMENT OF COPD. REGULATION OF MIRNAS IS THE MAIN EPIGENETIC MECHANISM RELATED TO AGING. BETA-GALACTOSE STAINING SHOWED THAT THE LUNG TISSUES OF SMOKERS HAVE A HIGHER DEGREE OF CELLULAR SENESCENCE, AND THE EXPRESSION OF MIR-125A-5P IS HIGH. THIS EFFECT IS OBVIOUS FOR SMOKERS WITH COPD/EMPHYSEMA, AND THERE IS A NEGATIVE CORRELATION BETWEEN MIR-125A-5P LEVELS AND VALUES FOR FORCED EXPIRATORY VOLUME IN ONE SECOND (FEV1)/FORCED VITAL CAPACITY (FVC). AFTER BALB/C MICE WERE CHRONICALLY EXPOSED TO VARIOUS CONCENTRATIONS OF CIGARETTE SMOKE (CS), PLETHYSMOGRAPHY SHOWED THAT LUNG FUNCTION WAS IMPAIRED, LUNG TISSUE SENESCENCE WAS INCREASED, AND THE SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED SECRETORY PHENOTYPE (SASP) IN BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE FLUID WAS INCREASED. FOR MOUSE LUNG EPITHELIAL (MLE)-12 CELLS TREATED WITH CIGARETTE SMOKE EXTRACT (CSE), SP1 AND SIRT1 LEVELS WERE LOW, HIF-1ALPHA ACETYLATION LEVELS WERE HIGH, AND CELL SENESCENCE AND SECRETION OF SASP FACTORS WERE ELEVATED. DOWN-REGULATION OF MIR-125A-5P OR UP-REGULATION OF SP1 REVERSED THESE EFFECTS. IN ADDITION, COMPARED WITH MICE EXPOSED TO CS, KNOCKDOWN OF MIR-125A-5P REDUCED LUNG EPITHELIAL CELL SENESCENCE AND COPD/EMPHYSEMA. THEREFORE, IN SMOKING-INDUCED COPD, ELEVATED MIR-125A-5P PARTICIPATES IN THE SENESCENCE OF LUNG EPITHELIAL CELLS THROUGH SP1/SIRT1/HIF-1ALPHA. THESE FINDINGS PROVIDE EVIDENCE RELATED TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF COPD/EMPHYSEMA CAUSED BY CHRONIC SMOKING.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
12  6691  39 VARIABLE DNA METHYLATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE AND LUNG FUNCTION. RATIONALE: CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) IS ASSOCIATED WITH LOCAL (LUNG) AND SYSTEMIC (BLOOD) INFLAMMATION AND MANIFESTATIONS. DNA METHYLATION IS AN IMPORTANT REGULATOR OF GENE TRANSCRIPTION, AND GLOBAL AND SPECIFIC GENE METHYLATION MARKS MAY VARY WITH CIGARETTE SMOKE EXPOSURE. OBJECTIVES: TO PERFORM A COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF METHYLATION MARKS IN DNA FROM SUBJECTS WELL PHENOTYPED FOR NONNEOPLASTIC LUNG DISEASE. METHODS: WE CONDUCTED ARRAY-BASED METHYLATION SCREENS, USING A TEST-REPLICATION APPROACH, IN TWO FAMILY-BASED COHORTS (N = 1,085 AND 369 SUBJECTS). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: WE OBSERVED 349 CPG SITES SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE PRESENCE AND SEVERITY OF COPD IN BOTH COHORTS. SEVENTY PERCENT OF THE ASSOCIATED CPG SITES WERE OUTSIDE OF CPG ISLANDS, WITH THE MAJORITY OF CPG SITES RELATIVELY HYPOMETHYLATED. GENE ONTOLOGY ANALYSIS BASED ON THESE 349 CPGS (330 GENES) SUGGESTED THE INVOLVEMENT OF A NUMBER OF GENES RESPONSIBLE FOR IMMUNE AND INFLAMMATORY SYSTEM PATHWAYS, RESPONSES TO STRESS AND EXTERNAL STIMULI, AS WELL AS WOUND HEALING AND COAGULATION CASCADES. INTERESTINGLY, OUR OBSERVATIONS INCLUDE SIGNIFICANT, REPLICABLE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN SERPINA1 HYPOMETHYLATION AND COPD AND LOWER AVERAGE LUNG FUNCTION PHENOTYPES (COMBINED P VALUES: COPD, 1.5 X 10(-23); FEV(1)/FVC, 1.5 X 10(-35); FEV(1), 2.2 X 10(-40)). CONCLUSIONS: GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC PATHWAYS MAY BOTH CONTRIBUTE TO COPD. MANY OF THE TOP ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN COPD AND DNA METHYLATION OCCUR IN BIOLOGICALLY PLAUSIBLE PATHWAYS. THIS LARGE-SCALE ANALYSIS SUGGESTS THAT DNA METHYLATION MAY BE A BIOMARKER OF COPD AND MAY HIGHLIGHT NEW PATHWAYS OF COPD PATHOGENESIS.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
13  1245  27 CURRENT CONCEPTS ON THE ROLE OF INFLAMMATION IN COPD AND LUNG CANCER. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) AND LUNG CANCER ARE LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH, AND BOTH ARE ASSOCIATED WITH CIGARETTE SMOKE EXPOSURE. IT HAS BEEN SHOWN THAT 50-70% OF PATIENTS DIAGNOSED WITH LUNG CANCER SUFFER FROM COPD, AND REDUCED LUNG FUNCTION IS AN IMPORTANT EVENT IN LUNG CANCER SUGGESTING AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN COPD AND LUNG CANCER. HOWEVER, A CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COPD AND LUNG TUMORIGENESIS IS NOT YET FULLY UNDERSTOOD. RECENT STUDIES HAVE SUGGESTED A CENTRAL ROLE OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATION IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF BOTH THE DISEASES. FOR EXAMPLE, IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION, ABNORMAL ACTIVATION OF NF-KAPPAB, EPITHELIAL-TO-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION, ALTERED ADHESION SIGNALING PATHWAYS, AND EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX DEGRADATION/ALTERED SIGNALING ARE THE KEY UNDERLYING MECHANISMS IN BOTH COPD AND LUNG CANCER. THESE PARAMETERS ALONG WITH OTHER PROCESSES, SUCH AS CHROMATIN MODIFICATIONS/EPIGENETIC CHANGES, ANGIOGENESIS, AND AUTOPHAGY/APOPTOSIS ARE ALTERED BY CIGARETTE SMOKE, ARE CRUCIAL IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF COPD AND LUNG CANCER. UNDERSTANDING THE CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THESE PROCESSES WILL PROVIDE NOVEL AVENUES FOR HALTING THE CHRONIC INFLAMMATION IN COPD AND DEVISING THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES AGAINST LUNG CANCER.	2009	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
14  1551  40 DNA METHYLATION IS GLOBALLY DISRUPTED AND ASSOCIATED WITH EXPRESSION CHANGES IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE SMALL AIRWAYS. DNA METHYLATION IS AN EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION THAT IS HIGHLY DISRUPTED IN RESPONSE TO CIGARETTE SMOKE AND INVOLVED IN A WIDE SPECTRUM OF MALIGNANT AND NONMALIGNANT DISEASES, BUT SURPRISINGLY NOT PREVIOUSLY ASSESSED IN SMALL AIRWAYS OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD). SMALL AIRWAYS ARE THE PRIMARY SITES OF AIRFLOW OBSTRUCTION IN COPD. WE SOUGHT TO DETERMINE WHETHER DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS ARE DISRUPTED IN SMALL AIRWAY EPITHELIA OF PATIENTS WITH COPD, AND EVALUATE WHETHER CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THESE DISRUPTIONS. GENOME-WIDE METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION ANALYSIS WERE PERFORMED ON SMALL AIRWAY EPITHELIAL DNA AND RNA OBTAINED FROM THE SAME PATIENT DURING BRONCHOSCOPY, USING ILLUMINA'S INFINIUM HM27 AND AFFYMETRIX'S GENECHIP HUMAN GENE 1.0 ST ARRAYS. TO CONTROL FOR KNOWN EFFECTS OF CIGARETTE SMOKING ON DNA METHYLATION, METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION PROFILES WERE COMPARED BETWEEN FORMER SMOKERS WITH AND WITHOUT COPD MATCHED FOR AGE, PACK-YEARS, AND YEARS OF SMOKING CESSATION. OUR RESULTS INDICATE THAT ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION IS (1) A GENOME-WIDE PHENOMENON IN SMALL AIRWAYS OF PATIENTS WITH COPD, AND (2) ASSOCIATED WITH ALTERED EXPRESSION OF GENES AND PATHWAYS IMPORTANT TO COPD, SUCH AS THE NF-E2-RELATED FACTOR 2 OXIDATIVE RESPONSE PATHWAY. DNA METHYLATION IS LIKELY AN IMPORTANT MECHANISM CONTRIBUTING TO MODULATION OF GENES IMPORTANT TO COPD PATHOLOGY. BECAUSE THESE METHYLATION EVENTS MAY UNDERLIE DISEASE-SPECIFIC GENE EXPRESSION CHANGES, THEIR CHARACTERIZATION IS A CRITICAL FIRST STEP TOWARD THE DEVELOPMENT OF EPIGENETIC MARKERS AND AN OPPORTUNITY FOR DEVELOPING NOVEL EPIGENETIC THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS FOR COPD.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
15   348  39 ALTERED DNA METHYLATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH ABERRANT GENE EXPRESSION IN PARENCHYMAL BUT NOT AIRWAY FIBROBLASTS ISOLATED FROM INDIVIDUALS WITH COPD. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) IS A HETEROGENEOUS DISEASE OF THE LUNGS THAT IS CURRENTLY THE FOURTH LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH WORLDWIDE. GENETIC FACTORS ACCOUNT FOR ONLY A SMALL AMOUNT OF COPD RISK, BUT EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS, INCLUDING DNA METHYLATION, HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO MEDIATE THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN AN INDIVIDUAL'S GENETICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE. DNA METHYLATION IS HIGHLY CELL TYPE-SPECIFIC, AND INDIVIDUAL CELL TYPE STUDIES OF DNA METHYLATION IN COPD ARE SPARSE. FIBROBLASTS ARE PRESENT WITHIN THE AIRWAY AND PARENCHYMA OF THE LUNG AND CONTRIBUTE TO THE ABERRANT DEPOSITION OF EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX IN COPD. NO ASSESSMENT OR COMPARISON OF GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION PROFILES IN THE AIRWAY AND PARENCHYMAL FIBROBLASTS FROM INDIVIDUALS WITH AND WITHOUT COPD HAS BEEN UNDERTAKEN. THESE DATA PROVIDE VALUABLE INSIGHT INTO THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS CONTRIBUTING TO COPD AND THE DIFFERING PATHOLOGIES OF SMALL AIRWAYS DISEASE AND EMPHYSEMA IN COPD. METHODS: GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION WAS EVALUATED AT OVER 485,000 CPG SITES USING THE ILLUMINA INFINIUM HUMANMETHYLATION450 BEADCHIP ARRAY IN THE AIRWAY (NON-COPD N = 8, COPD N = 7) AND PARENCHYMAL FIBROBLASTS (NON-COPD N = 17, COPD N = 29) ISOLATED FROM INDIVIDUALS WITH AND WITHOUT COPD. TARGETED GENE EXPRESSION WAS ASSESSED BY QPCR IN MATCHED RNA SAMPLES. RESULTS: DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED DNA REGIONS WERE IDENTIFIED BETWEEN CELLS ISOLATED FROM INDIVIDUALS WITH AND WITHOUT COPD IN BOTH AIRWAY AND PARENCHYMAL FIBROBLASTS. ONLY IN PARENCHYMAL FIBROBLASTS WAS DIFFERENTIAL DNA METHYLATION ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFERENTIAL GENE EXPRESSION. A SECOND ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENTIAL DNA METHYLATION VARIABILITY IDENTIFIED 359 INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENTIALLY VARIABLE CPG SITES IN PARENCHYMAL FIBROBLASTS. NO DIFFERENTIALLY VARIABLE CPG SITES WERE IDENTIFIED IN THE AIRWAY FIBROBLASTS. FIVE DIFFERENTIALLY VARIABLE-METHYLATED CPG SITES, ASSOCIATED WITH THREE GENES, WERE SUBSEQUENTLY ASSESSED FOR GENE EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES. TWO GENES (OAT AND GRIK2) DISPLAYED SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED GENE EXPRESSION IN CELLS ISOLATED FROM INDIVIDUALS WITH COPD. CONCLUSIONS: DIFFERENTIAL AND VARIABLE DNA METHYLATION WAS ASSOCIATED WITH COPD STATUS IN THE PARENCHYMAL FIBROBLASTS BUT NOT AIRWAY FIBROBLASTS. ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION WAS ASSOCIATED WITH ALTERED GENE EXPRESSION IMPARTING BIOLOGICAL FUNCTION TO DNA METHYLATION CHANGES. CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION ARE THEREFORE IMPLICATED IN THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS UNDERLYING COPD PATHOGENESIS AND MAY REPRESENT NOVEL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS.	2018	

16  5883  27 SYSTEMIC AND AIRWAY EPIGENETIC DISRUPTIONS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH HEALTH STATUS IN COPD. EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS ARE COMMON IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD); HOWEVER, THEIR CLINICAL RELEVANCE IS LARGELY UNKNOWN. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT EPIGENETIC DISRUPTIONS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH SYMPTOMS AND HEALTH STATUS IN COPD. WE PROFILED THE BLOOD (N = 57) AND AIRWAYS (N = 62) OF COPD PATIENTS FOR DNA METHYLATION (N = 55 PAIRED). THE PATIENTS' HEALTH STATUS WAS ASSESSED USING THE ST. GEORGE'S RESPIRATORY QUESTIONNAIRE (SGRQ). WE CONDUCTED DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION ANALYSES AND IDENTIFIED PATHWAYS CHARACTERIZED BY EPIGENETIC DISRUPTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH SGRQ SCORES AND ITS INDIVIDUAL DOMAINS. 29,211 AND 5044 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED POSITIONS (DMPS) WERE ASSOCIATED WITH TOTAL SGRQ SCORES IN BLOOD AND AIRWAY SAMPLES, RESPECTIVELY. THE ACTIVITY, IMPACT, AND SYMPTOM DOMAINS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH 9161, 25,689 AND 17,293 DMPS IN BLOOD, RESPECTIVELY; AND 4674, 3730 AND 5063 DMPS IN AIRWAYS, RESPECTIVELY. THERE WAS A SUBSTANTIAL OVERLAP OF DMPS BETWEEN AIRWAY AND BLOOD. DMPS WERE ENRICHED FOR PATHWAYS RELATED TO COMMON CO-MORBIDITIES OF COPD (E.G., AGEING, CANCER AND NEUROLOGICAL) IN BOTH TISSUES. HEALTH STATUS IN COPD IS ASSOCIATED WITH AIRWAY AND SYSTEMIC EPIGENETIC CHANGES ESPECIALLY IN PATHWAYS RELATED TO CO-MORBIDITIES OF COPD. THERE ARE MORE BLOOD DMPS THAN IN THE AIRWAYS SUGGESTING THAT BLOOD EPIGENOME IS A PROMISING SOURCE TO DISCOVER BIOMARKERS FOR CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN COPD.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
17  1244  30 CURRENT CONCEPTS ON OXIDATIVE/CARBONYL STRESS, INFLAMMATION AND EPIGENETICS IN PATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) IS A GLOBAL HEALTH PROBLEM. THE CURRENT THERAPIES FOR COPD ARE POORLY EFFECTIVE AND THE MAINSTAYS OF PHARMACOTHERAPY ARE BRONCHODILATORS. A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE PATHOBIOLOGY OF COPD IS CRITICAL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL THERAPIES. IN THE PRESENT REVIEW, WE HAVE DISCUSSED THE ROLES OF OXIDATIVE/ALDEHYDE STRESS, INFLAMMATION/IMMUNITY, AND CHROMATIN REMODELING IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF COPD. AN IMBALANCE OF OXIDANTS/ANTIOXIDANTS CAUSED BY CIGARETTE SMOKE AND OTHER POLLUTANTS/BIOMASS FUELS PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF COPD BY REGULATING REDOX-SENSITIVE TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS (E.G., NF-KAPPAB), AUTOPHAGY AND UNFOLDED PROTEIN RESPONSE LEADING TO CHRONIC LUNG INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE. CIGARETTE SMOKE ALSO ACTIVATES CANONICAL/ALTERNATIVE NF-KAPPAB PATHWAYS AND THEIR UPSTREAM KINASES LEADING TO SUSTAINED INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IN LUNGS. RECENTLY, EPIGENETIC REGULATION HAS BEEN SHOWN TO BE CRITICAL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF COPD BECAUSE THE EXPRESSION/ACTIVITY OF ENZYMES THAT REGULATE THESE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS HAVE BEEN REPORTED TO BE ABNORMAL IN AIRWAYS OF COPD PATIENTS. HENCE, THE SIGNIFICANT ADVANCES MADE IN UNDERSTANDING THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF COPD AS DESCRIBED HEREIN WILL IDENTIFY NOVEL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS FOR INTERVENTION IN COPD.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
18  3329  35 HISTONE DEACETYLASE 6-MEDIATED SELECTIVE AUTOPHAGY REGULATES COPD-ASSOCIATED CILIA DYSFUNCTION. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) INVOLVES ABERRANT AIRWAY INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES TO CIGARETTE SMOKE (CS) THAT ARE ASSOCIATED WITH EPITHELIAL CELL DYSFUNCTION, CILIA SHORTENING, AND MUCOCILIARY CLEARANCE DISRUPTION. EXPOSURE TO CS REDUCED CILIA LENGTH AND INDUCED AUTOPHAGY IN VIVO AND IN DIFFERENTIATED MOUSE TRACHEAL EPITHELIAL CELLS (MTECS). AUTOPHAGY-IMPAIRED (BECN1+/- OR MAP1LC3B-/-) MICE AND MTECS RESISTED CS-INDUCED CILIA SHORTENING. FURTHERMORE, CS INCREASED THE AUTOPHAGIC TURNOVER OF CILIARY PROTEINS, INDICATING THAT AUTOPHAGY MAY REGULATE CILIA HOMEOSTASIS. WE IDENTIFIED CYTOSOLIC DEACETYLASE HDAC6 AS A CRITICAL REGULATOR OF AUTOPHAGY-MEDIATED CILIA SHORTENING DURING CS EXPOSURE. MICE BEARING AN X CHROMOSOME DELETION OF HDAC6 (HDAC6-/Y) AND MTECS FROM THESE MICE HAD REDUCED AUTOPHAGY AND WERE PROTECTED FROM CS-INDUCED CILIA SHORTENING. AUTOPHAGY-IMPAIRED BECN1-/-, MAP1LC3B-/-, AND HDAC6-/Y MICE OR MICE INJECTED WITH AN HDAC6 INHIBITOR WERE PROTECTED FROM CS-INDUCED MUCOCILIARY CLEARANCE (MCC) DISRUPTION. MCC WAS PRESERVED IN MICE GIVEN THE CHEMICAL CHAPERONE 4-PHENYLBUTYRIC ACID, BUT WAS DISRUPTED IN MICE LACKING THE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR NRF2, SUGGESTING THAT OXIDATIVE STRESS AND ALTERED PROTEOSTASIS CONTRIBUTE TO THE DISRUPTION OF MCC. ANALYSIS OF HUMAN COPD SPECIMENS REVEALED EPIGENETIC DEREGULATION OF HDAC6 BY HYPOMETHYLATION AND INCREASED PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN THE AIRWAYS. WE CONCLUDE THAT AN AUTOPHAGY-DEPENDENT PATHWAY REGULATES CILIA LENGTH DURING CS EXPOSURE AND HAS POTENTIAL AS A THERAPEUTIC TARGET FOR COPD.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
19   178  34 ACCELERATED EPIGENETIC AGING AS A RISK FACTOR FOR CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE AND DECREASED LUNG FUNCTION IN TWO PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDIES. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) IS A FREQUENT DIAGNOSIS IN OLDER INDIVIDUALS AND CONTRIBUTOR TO GLOBAL MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY. GIVEN THE LINK BETWEEN LUNG DISEASE AND AGING, WE NEED TO UNDERSTAND HOW MOLECULAR INDICATORS OF AGING RELATE TO LUNG FUNCTION AND DISEASE. USING DATA FROM THE POPULATION-BASED KORA (COOPERATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH IN THE REGION OF AUGSBURG) SURVEYS, WE ASSOCIATED BASELINE EPIGENETIC (DNA METHYLATION) AGE ACCELERATION WITH INCIDENT COPD AND LUNG FUNCTION. MODELS WERE ADJUSTED FOR AGE, SEX, SMOKING, HEIGHT, WEIGHT, AND BASELINE LUNG DISEASE AS APPROPRIATE. ASSOCIATIONS WERE REPLICATED IN THE NORMATIVE AGING STUDY. OF 770 KORA PARTICIPANTS, 131 DEVELOPED INCIDENT COPD OVER 7 YEARS. BASELINE ACCELERATED EPIGENETIC AGING WAS SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH INCIDENT COPD. THE CHANGE IN AGE ACCELERATION (FOLLOW-UP - BASELINE) WAS MORE STRONGLY ASSOCIATED WITH COPD THAN BASELINE AGING ALONE. THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE CHANGE IN AGE ACCELERATION BETWEEN BASELINE AND FOLLOW-UP AND INCIDENT COPD REPLICATED IN THE NORMATIVE AGING STUDY. ASSOCIATIONS WITH SPIROMETRIC LUNG FUNCTION PARAMETERS WERE WEAKER THAN THOSE WITH COPD, BUT A META-ANALYSIS OF BOTH COHORTS PROVIDE SUGGESTIVE EVIDENCE OF ASSOCIATIONS. ACCELERATED EPIGENETIC AGING, BOTH BASELINE MEASURES AND CHANGES OVER TIME, MAY BE A RISK FACTOR FOR COPD AND REDUCED LUNG FUNCTION.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
20  5916  26 TARGETING AGING PATHWAYS IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) HAS BECOME A GLOBAL EPIDEMIC AND IS THE THIRD LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH WORLDWIDE. COPD IS CHARACTERIZED BY CHRONIC AIRWAY INFLAMMATION, LOSS OF ALVEOLAR-CAPILLARY UNITS, AND PROGRESSIVE DECLINE IN LUNG FUNCTION. MAJOR RISK FACTORS FOR COPD ARE CIGARETTE SMOKING AND AGING. COPD-ASSOCIATED PATHOMECHANISMS INCLUDE MULTIPLE AGING PATHWAYS SUCH AS TELOMERE ATTRITION, EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS, ALTERED NUTRIENT SENSING, MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION, CELL SENESCENCE, STEM CELL EXHAUSTION AND CHRONIC INFLAMMATION. IN THIS REVIEW, WE WILL HIGHLIGHT THE CURRENT LITERATURE THAT FOCUSES ON THE ROLE OF AGE AND AGING-ASSOCIATED SIGNALING PATHWAYS AS WELL AS THEIR IMPACT ON CURRENT TREATMENT STRATEGIES IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF COPD. FURTHERMORE, WE WILL DISCUSS ESTABLISHED AND EXPERIMENTAL COPD TREATMENTS INCLUDING SENOLYTIC AND ANTI-AGING THERAPIES AND THEIR POTENTIAL USE AS NOVEL TREATMENT STRATEGIES IN COPD.	2020