1  1852 207 ELECTRONIC CIGARETTES: THEIR CONSTITUENTS AND POTENTIAL LINKS TO ASTHMA. PURPOSE OF REVIEW: VAPING IS GAINING POPULARITY IN THE USA, PARTICULARLY AMONG TEENS AND YOUNG ADULTS. WHILE E-CIGS ARE COMMONLY REPRESENTED AS SAFER ALTERNATIVES TO TOBACCO CIGARETTES, LITTLE IS KNOWN REGARDING THE HEALTH EFFECTS OF THEIR SHORT- OR LONG-TERM USE, ESPECIALLY IN INDIVIDUALS WITH PRE-EXISTING RESPIRATORY DISEASES SUCH AS ASTHMA. FLAVORED E-CIG LIQUIDS (E-LIQUIDS) AND E-CIG AEROSOLS CONTAIN AIRWAY IRRITANTS AND TOXICANTS THAT HAVE BEEN IMPLICATED IN THE PATHOGENESIS AND WORSENING OF LUNG DISEASES. IN THIS REVIEW, WE WILL SUMMARIZE EXISTING DATA ON POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS OF COMPONENTS PRESENT IN E-CIG AEROSOLS, SUCH AS PROPYLENE GLYCOL, VEGETABLE GLYCERIN, NICOTINE, AND FLAVORINGS, AND DISCUSS THEIR RELEVANCE IN THE CONTEXT OF ASTHMA. RECENT FINDINGS: RECENT SURVEY DATA INDICATE THAT ADOLESCENTS WITH ASTHMA HAD A HIGHER PREVALENCE OF CURRENT E-CIG USE (12.4%) COMPARED TO THEIR NON-ASTHMATICS PEERS (10.2%) AND CONVEYED POSITIVE BELIEFS ABOUT TOBACCO PRODUCTS, ESPECIALLY E-CIGS. SIMILARLY, A STUDY CONDUCTED AMONG HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS FROM ONTARIO, CANADA, INDICATED A GREATER LIKELIHOOD OF E-CIG USE IN ASTHMATICS AS COMPARED TO THEIR NON-ASTHMATIC PEERS. AVAILABILITY OF DIFFERENT FLAVORINGS IS OFTEN CITED AS THE MAIN REASON AMONG YOUTH/ADOLESCENTS FOR TRYING E-CIGS OR SWITCHING FROM CIGARETTES TO E-CIGS. OCCUPATIONAL INHALATION OF SOME COMMON FOOD-SAFE FLAVORING AGENTS IS REPORTED TO CAUSE OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA AND WORSEN ASTHMATIC SYMPTOMS. MOREOVER, WORKPLACE INHALATION EXPOSURES TO THE FLAVORING AGENT DIACETYL HAVE CAUSED IRREVERSIBLE OBSTRUCTIVE AIRWAY DISEASE IN HEALTHY WORKERS. ADDITIONALLY, RECENT STUDIES REPORT THAT THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF PROPYLENE GLYCOL (PG) AND VEGETABLE GLYCERIN (VG), THE BASE CONSTITUENTS OF E-LIQUIDS, PRODUCES REACTIVE CARBONYLS, INCLUDING ACROLEIN, FORMALDEHYDE, AND ACETALDEHYDE, WHICH HAVE KNOWN RESPIRATORY TOXICITIES. FURTHERMORE, RECENT NICOTINE STUDIES IN RODENTS REVEAL THAT PRENATAL NICOTINE EXPOSURES LEAD TO EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING IN THE OFFSPRING, ABNORMAL LUNG DEVELOPMENT, AND MULTIGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION OF ASTHMATIC-LIKE SYMPTOMS. COMPARISONS OF THE TOXICITY AND HEALTH EFFECTS OF E-CIGS AND CONVENTIONAL CIGARETTES OFTEN FOCUS ON TOXICANTS KNOWN TO BE PRESENT IN CIGARETTE SMOKE (CS) (I.E., FORMALDEHYDE, NITROSAMINES, ETC.), AS WELL AS SMOKING-ASSOCIATED CLINICAL ENDPOINTS, SUCH AS CANCER, BRONCHITIS, AND CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD). HOWEVER, THIS APPROACH DISREGARDS POTENTIAL TOXICITY OF COMPONENTS UNIQUE TO FLAVORED E-CIGS, SUCH AS PG, VG, AND THE MANY DIFFERENT FLAVORING CHEMICALS, WHICH LIKELY INDUCE RESPIRATORY EFFECTS NOT USUALLY OBSERVED IN CIGARETTE SMOKERS.	2017	

2  5355  23 REAC ANTALGIC NEURO MODULATION IN CHRONIC POST HERPETIC NEURALGIA. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC POST-HERPETIC NEURALGIA (CPHN) IS A SYMPTOMATIC CONDITION THAT AFFLICTS ADULTS AND ELDERLY INDIVIDUALS. THE CHRONICITY OF THIS SYMPTOMATOLOGY CAN BE CONDITIONED BY THE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS INDUCED BY THE VIRUS ON THE PROCESSES OF NEUROTRANSMISSION AND SENSITIVITY TO PAIN. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY IS TO INVESTIGATE WHETHER MANIPULATING ENDOGENOUS BIOELECTRICAL ACTIVITY (EBA), RESPONSIBLE FOR NEUROTRANSMISSION PROCESSES AND CONTRIBUTING TO THE INDUCTION OF EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, CAN ALLEVIATE PAIN SYMPTOMS. METHODS: THIS MANIPULATION WAS CARRIED OUT WITH THE ANTALGIC NEUROMODULATION (ANM) TREATMENT OF RADIOELECTRIC ASYMMETRIC CONVEYER (REAC) TECHNOLOGY. PAIN ASSESSMENT BEFORE AND AFTER TREATMENT WAS PERFORMED USING A NUMERICAL ANALOG SCALE (NAS) AND A SIMPLE DESCRIPTIVE SCALE (SDS). RESULTS: THE RESULTS OF THE ANALYSIS SHOWED AN OVER FOUR-POINT DECREASE IN NAS SCALE SCORE AND OVER ONE POINT DECREASE IN SDS SCALE SCORE, WITH A STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE FOR BOTH TESTS OF P < 0.005. CONCLUSIONS: THE RESULTS OBTAINED IN THIS STUDY DEMONSTRATE HOW REAC ANM MANIPULATION OF EBA CAN LEAD TO IMPROVEMENT IN EPIGENETICALLY CONDITIONED SYMPTOMS SUCH AS CPHN. THESE RESULTS SHOULD PROMPT FURTHER RESEARCH TO EXPAND KNOWLEDGE AND ENSURE OPTIMIZED THERAPEUTIC OUTCOMES.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
3  5380  57 RECENT UPDATES ON BIOMARKERS OF EXPOSURE AND SYSTEMIC TOXICITY IN E-CIGARETTE USERS AND EVALI. ELECTRONIC NICOTINE DELIVERY SYSTEMS (ENDS), OR E-CIGARETTES, ARE EMERGING TOBACCO PRODUCTS THAT PRODUCE AEROSOLS BY HEATING E-LIQUIDS, WHICH MOST OFTEN CONSIST OF PROPYLENE GLYCOL AND VEGETABLE GLYCERIN ALONG WITH VARIOUS FLAVORING COMPOUNDS, BYPASSING THE COMBUSTION THAT OCCURS IN THE USE OF TRADITIONAL TOBACCO CIGARETTES. THESE PRODUCTS HAVE SEEN A DRASTIC INCREASE IN POPULARITY IN RECENT YEARS BOTH AS SMOKING CESSATION DEVICES AS WELL AS AMONG YOUNGER GENERATIONS, DUE IN LARGE PART TO THE WIDESPREAD PERCEPTION AMONG CONSUMERS THAT E-CIGS ARE SIGNIFICANTLY LESS HARMFUL TO HEALTH THAN TRADITIONAL TOBACCO CIGARETTES. DUE TO THE NOVELTY OF ENDS AS WELL AS THEIR RAPIDLY INCREASING USE, RESEARCH INTO BIOMARKERS OF E-CIG EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY HAVE LAGGED BEHIND THEIR POPULARITY, LEAVING IMPORTANT QUESTIONS ABOUT THEIR POTENTIAL TOXICITY UNANSWERED. RESEARCH INTO POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC E-CIG USE, AND E-CIGARETTE- OR VAPING-ASSOCIATED LUNG INJURY IS NECESSARY FOR INFORMING BOTH CLINICAL AND REGULATORY DECISION-MAKING. WE AIM TO PROVIDE AN UPDATED REVIEW OF RECENT RESEARCH INTO POTENTIAL CIRCULATING, GENOMIC, TRANSCRIPTOMIC, AND EPIGENETIC BIOMARKERS OF EXPOSURE TO AND TOXICITY OF E-CIGS. WE ADDITIONALLY HIGHLIGHT RESEARCH AREAS THAT WARRANT ADDITIONAL STUDY TO GAIN A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF HEALTH RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH ENDS USE, AS WELL AS TO PROVIDE VALIDATION OF EXISTING DATA AND METHODS FOR MEASURING AND ANALYZING E-CIG-ASSOCIATED BIOMARKERS IN HUMAN AND ANIMAL BIOFLUIDS, TISSUES, AND CELLS. THIS REVIEW ALSO HIGHLIGHTS ONGOING EFFORTS WITHIN THE WNY CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON FLAVORED TOBACCO FOR RESEARCH INTO NOVEL BIOMARKERS IN EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES THAT MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH SHORT- AND LONG-TERM ENDS USE.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
4  6195  32 THE IMPACT OF RECENT ALCOHOL USE ON GENOME WIDE DNA METHYLATION SIGNATURES. CHRONIC ALCOHOL INTAKE IS ASSOCIATED WITH A WIDE VARIETY OF ADVERSE HEALTH OUTCOMES INCLUDING DEPRESSION, DIABETES, AND HEART DISEASE. UNFORTUNATELY, THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS THROUGH WHICH THESE EFFECTS ARE CONVEYED ARE NOT CLEARLY UNDERSTOOD. TO EXAMINE THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF EPIGENETIC FACTORS IN THIS PROCESS, WE EXAMINED THE RELATIONSHIP OF RECENT ALCOHOL INTAKE TO GENOME WIDE METHYLATION PATTERNS USING THE ILLUMINA 450 METHYLATION BEAD CHIP AND LYMPHOBLAST DNA DERIVED FROM 165 FEMALE SUBJECTS PARTICIPATING IN THE IOWA ADOPTION STUDIES. WE FOUND THAT THE PATTERN OF ALCOHOL USE OVER THE 6-MONTHS IMMEDIATELY PRIOR TO PHLEBOTOMY WAS ASSOCIATED WITH, SEVERITY-DEPENDENT CHANGES IN THE DEGREE OF GENOME WIDE METHYLATION THAT PREFERENTIALLY HYPERMETHYLATE THE CENTRAL PORTION OF CPG ISLANDS WITH METHYLATION AT CG05600126, A PROBE IN ABR, AND THE 5' UNTRANSLATED REGION OF BLCAP ATTAINING GENOME WIDE SIGNIFICANCE IN TWO POINT AND SLIDING WINDOW ANALYSES OF PROBE METHYLATION DATA, RESPECTIVELY. WE CONCLUDE THAT RECENT ALCOHOL USE IS ASSOCIATED WITH WIDESPREAD CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION IN WOMEN AND THAT FURTHER STUDY TO CONFIRM THESE FINDINGS AND DETERMINE THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO SOMATIC FUNCTION ARE IN ORDER.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
5  1185  35 COORDINATED CHANGES IN AHRR METHYLATION IN LYMPHOBLASTS AND PULMONARY MACROPHAGES FROM SMOKERS. SMOKING IS ASSOCIATED WITH A WIDE VARIETY OF ADVERSE HEALTH OUTCOMES INCLUDING CANCER, CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE, DIABETES, DEPRESSION, AND HEART DISEASE. UNFORTUNATELY, THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS THROUGH WHICH THESE EFFECTS ARE CONVEYED ARE NOT CLEARLY UNDERSTOOD. TO EXAMINE THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF EPIGENETIC FACTORS IN THESE PROCESSES, WE EXAMINED THE RELATIONSHIP OF SMOKING TO GENOME WIDE METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION USING BIOMATERIAL FROM TWO INDEPENDENT SAMPLES, LYMPHOBLAST DNA AND RNA (N = 119) AND LUNG ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGE DNA (N = 19). WE FOUND THAT IN BOTH SAMPLES CURRENT SMOKING STATUS WAS ASSOCIATED WITH SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION, IN PARTICULAR AT THE ARYL HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR REPRESSOR (AHRR), A KNOWN TUMOR SUPPRESSOR. BOTH BASELINE DNA METHYLATION AND SMOKER ASSOCIATED DNA METHYLATION SIGNATURES AT AHRR WERE HIGHLY CORRELATED (R = 0.94 AND 0.45, RESPECTIVELY). DNA METHYLATION AT THE MOST DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED AHRR CPG RESIDUE IN BOTH SAMPLES, CG0557592, WAS SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH AHRR GENE EXPRESSION. PATHWAY ANALYSIS OF LYMPHOBLAST DATA (GENES WITH MOST SIGNIFICANT METHYLATION CHANGES) DEMONSTRATED ENRICHMENT IN PROTEIN KINASE C PATHWAYS AND IN TGF BETA SIGNALING PATHWAYS. FOR ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES, PATHWAY ANALYSIS DEMONSTRATED ALTERATIONS IN INFLAMMATION-RELATED PROCESSES. WE CONCLUDE THAT SMOKING IS ASSOCIATED WITH FUNCTIONALLY SIGNIFICANT GENOME WIDE CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION IN BOTH LYMPHOBLASTS AND PULMONARY MACROPHAGES AND THAT FURTHER INTEGRATED INVESTIGATIONS OF THESE EPIGENETIC EFFECTS OF SMOKING ON CARCINOGENESIS AND OTHER RELATED CO-MORBIDITIES ARE INDICATED.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
6  3101  32 GENOMIC IMPRINTING: SENSING THE ENVIRONMENT AND DRIVING THE FETAL GROWTH. PURPOSE OF REVIEW: GENOMIC IMPRINTING IS AN EPIGENETICALLY-DRIVEN PHENOMENON THAT RESPONDS TO ENVIRONMENTAL STIMULI TO DETERMINE THE FETAL GROWTH TRAJECTORY. THIS REVIEW AIMS AT DESCRIBING THE TRANSGENERATIONAL MEANING OF GENOMIC IMPRINTING WHILE SUPPORTING THE STUDY OF GENOMIC IMPRINTING IN PLACENTA FOR THE DETERMINATION OF AN IMPORTANT BIOMARKER OF CHRONIC AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS IN CHILDREN AS DRIVEN BY THE ENVIRONMENT. RECENT FINDINGS: RECENT WORK HAS SHOWN THAT GENOMIC IMPRINTING REACHES BEYOND THE BASIC SIGNIFICANCE OF AN EPIGENETIC MARK REGULATING GENE EXPRESSION. GENOMIC IMPRINTING HAS BEEN THEORIZED AS THE MAIN DETERMINANT OF EPIGENETIC INHERITANCE. CONCOMITANTLY, NEW STUDIES IN THE FIELD OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY BECAME AVAILABLE THAT TIE THE FETAL GROWTH TRAJECTORY TO GENOMIC IMPRINTING IN RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL STIMULI, MAKING OF GENOMIC IMPRINTING THE DRIVING FORCE OF THE FETAL GROWTH. WHEN CARRIED OUT IN PLACENTA, THE EFFECTOR OF THE INTRAUTERINE ENVIRONMENT AS CONVEYED BY THE MATERNAL EXPOSURE TO THE GENERAL LIFE ENVIRONMENT, THE STUDY OF GENOMIC IMPRINTING MAY REVEAL CRITICAL INFORMATION ON ALTERATIONS OF THE FETAL GROWTH TRAJECTORY. SUMMARY: THE STUDY OF GENOMIC IMPRINTING PROFILES IN PLACENTAS FROM BIRTH COHORTS OF INDIVIDUALS EXPOSED TO DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL STIMULI CAN PROVIDE A NEW, MUCH NEEDED, TOOL FOR THE ELABORATION OF EFFECTIVE PUBLIC HEALTH INTERVENTION PLANS FOR CHILD HEALTH.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
7  4780  51 NUTRIEPIGENOMICS AND CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE: POTENTIAL ROLE OF DIETARY AND EPIGENETICS FACTORS IN DISEASE DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT. OVER RECENT DECADES, A NUMBER OF STUDIES HAVE REVEALED THE POSSIBLE ROLE OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF DIETS, AS WELL AS THE NUTRITIONAL ELEMENTS THEY ARE MADE UP OF, IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD). TO DATE, DIETARY FACTORS HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED TO PLAY A ROLE IN THE PREVENTION OF COPD, WITH EVIDENCE FROM ANTIOXIDANT NUTRIENTS, VITAMINS, AND FIBER INTAKE. ADDITIONALLY, CERTAIN DIETARY PATTERNS SUCH AS THE MEDITERRANEAN DIET, TOGETHER WITH OTHER WESTERN DIETS, PROVIDE EVIDENCE OF THE INFLUENCE ON COPD DEVELOPMENT, PROMOTING LUNG HEALTH THROUGH NUTRITIONAL APPROACHES, AND GIVING US AN OPPORTUNITY FOR INTERVENTION. THE EFFECT OF DIET ON COPD IS CONVEYED BY 3 MECHANISMS: REGULATION OF INFLAMMATION, OXIDATIVE STRESS, AND CARBON DIOXIDE PRODUCED/OXYGEN INTAKE. CURRENT ADVANCES HAVE BEGUN TO HIGHLIGHT THE POSSIBLE ROLE OF DIET IN MODIFYING GENE EXPRESSION IN CERTAIN INDIVIDUALS THAT PREDISPOSES THEM TO COPD THROUGH EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS. THE RELATION BETWEEN DIETARY INTAKE AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS HAS THEREFORE OUTLINED NUTRIEPIGENOMICS AS A POSSIBLE MISSING LINK IN THE RELATION BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO SMOKE AND THE APPEARANCE OF A SUBSEQUENT CHRONIC BRONCHIAL OBSTRUCTION. THIS REVIEW SUMMARIZES THE EVIDENCE REGARDING THE INFLUENCE OF DIETARY PATTERNS AND NUTRIENTS AND EPIGENETIC REGULATORY MECHANISMS ON COPD DEVELOPMENT AND PREVENTION WITH THE AIM OF ENCOURAGING CLINICAL RESEARCH ON THE IMPACT OF DIETARY MODIFICATIONS ON COPD-RELATED CLINICAL OUTCOMES. THIS REVIEW HIGHLIGHTS THE IMPORTANCE OF PROPOSING AND CARRYING OUT FUTURE STUDIES FOCUSED ON THE MODULATING EFFECTS OF CERTAIN NUTRIENTS ON EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN PATIENTS WITH SPECIFIC COPD PHENOTYPES (BRONCHIECTASIS, EMPHYSEMA, ASTHMA/COPD, CHRONIC BRONCHITIS), AND THEIR INDIVIDUAL RESPONSES TO CIGARETTE SMOKING, ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION, OR OTHER NOXIOUS PARTICLES. THE OBJECTIVES OF THESE FUTURE STUDIES MUST BE DIRECTED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES AND PERSONALIZED MANAGEMENT OF COPD.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
8  4529  29 MULTIGENERATIONAL GRAPHENE OXIDE INTOXICATION RESULTS IN REPRODUCTION DISORDERS AT THE MOLECULAR LEVEL OF VITELLOGENIN PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN ACHETA DOMESTICUS. THE ANTHROPOGENIC ACTIVITIES MAY LEAD TO ACCUMULATION OF GRAPHENE OXIDE (GO) POLLUTION IN THE ENVIRONMENT. ORGANISMS EXPOSED TO CHRONIC OR MULTIGENERATIONAL GO INTOXICATION CAN PRESENT REPRODUCTION DEPLETION. VITELLOGENIN (VG) HAS BEEN USED AS A PARAMETER FOR EVALUATING FEMALE FERTILITY DUE TO ITS IMPORTANCE IN EMBRYO NUTRITION. IN THIS STUDY, WE USED A PROMISING MODEL ORGANISM, ACHETA DOMESTICUS, WHICH WAS INTOXICATED WITH GO IN FOOD FOR THREE GENERATIONS. THE AIM OF THE STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE PROCESS OF VG SYNTHESIS IN CRICKETS DEPENDING ON THE EXPOSURE TIME, GO CONCENTRATION, AND AGE OF THE FEMALES. THE RESULTS REVEALED THAT CHRONIC GO INTOXICATION HAD ADVERSE EFFECTS ON THE VG EXPRESSION PATTERN. THE 1ST GENERATION OF INSECTS SHOWING LOW VG EXPRESSION WAS MOST AFFECTED. THE 2ND GENERATION OF A. DOMESTICUS PRESENTED A HIGH VG EXPRESSION. THE LAST INVESTIGATED GENERATION SEEMED TO COPE WITH STRESS CAUSED BY GO, AND THE VG EXPRESSION WAS BALANCED. WE SUGGEST THAT THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS MAY PLAY A ROLE IN THE INFORMATION TRANSFER TO THE NEXT GENERATIONS ON HOW TO REACT TO THE RISK FACTOR AND KEEP REPRODUCTION AT A HIGH RATE. WE SUSPECT THAT CHRONIC GO INTOXICATION CAN DISTURB THE REGULAR FORMATION OF THE VG QUATERNARY STRUCTURE, RESULTING IN CONSEQUENCES FOR DEVELOPING AN EMBRYO.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
9   431  25 ANTIDEPRESSANT ADMINISTRATION MODULATES STRESS-INDUCED DNA METHYLATION AND DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE EXPRESSION IN RAT PREFRONTAL CORTEX AND HIPPOCAMPUS. STRESS AND ANTIDEPRESSANT TREATMENT CAN MODULATE DNA METHYLATION IN PROMOTER REGION OF GENES RELATED TO NEUROPLASTICITY AND MOOD REGULATION, THUS IMPLICATING THIS EPIGENETIC MECHANISM IN DEPRESSION NEUROBIOLOGY AND TREATMENT. ACCORDINGLY, SYSTEMIC ADMINISTRATION OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE (DNMT) INHIBITORS INDUCES ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE EFFECTS IN RODENTS. DNA METHYLATION IS CONVEYED BY DNMT 1, 3A AND 3B ISOFORMS, WHICH ARE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED IN THE BRAIN. IN ORDER TO INVESTIGATE IF THE BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS OF ANTIDEPRESSANTS COULD BE ASSOCIATED WITH CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION AND DNMT EXPRESSION, WE INVESTIGATED THE EFFECTS INDUCED BY ACUTE AND REPEATED ANTIDEPRESSANT TREATMENT ON DNA METHYLATION AND DNMT EXPRESSION (1, 3A AND 3B ISOFORMS) IN DIFFERENT BRAIN REGIONS OF RATS EXPOSED TO A STRESS MODEL OF DEPRESSION, THE LEARNED HELPLESSNESS (LH). THEREFORE, RATS WERE EXPOSED TO PRETEST AND TREATED WITH ONE OR SEVEN INJECTIONS OF VEHICLE OR IMIPRAMINE (15 MG KG(-1)), WITH TEST SESSION PERFORMED ONE HOUR AFTER THE LAST INJECTION. CHRONIC, BUT NOT ACUTE, IMIPRAMINE ADMINISTRATION ATTENUATED ESCAPE FAILURES DURING THE TEST, A WELL DESCRIBED ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE EFFECT IN THIS MODEL. DNA METHYLATION AND DNMT (1, 3A AND 3B) LEVELS WERE MEASURED IN THE DORSAL AND VENTRAL HIPPOCAMPUS (DHPC, VHPC) AND IN THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX (PFC) OF RATS EXPOSED TO STRESS AND TREATMENT. STRESS INCREASED DNA METHYLATION, DNMT3A AND DNMT3B EXPRESSION IN THE DHPC AND PFC. CHRONIC, BUT NOT ACUTE, IMIPRAMINE ADMINISTRATION ATTENUATED STRESS EFFECTS ONLY IN THE PFC. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THE REGULATION OF DNA METHYLATION IN THE PFC MAY BE AN IMPORTANT MECHANISM FOR ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE EFFECTS IN THE LH MODEL.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
10  6846  24 [MIGRAINE: IGNITION OF THE BRAIN]. ALTHOUGH OUR KNOWLEDGE OF WHICH SYSTEMS ARE ACTIVATED DURING MIGRAINE IS REASONABLY COMPLETE, WHY THE SYSTEM IS ACTIVATED REMAINS UNKNOWN. INCORPORATING THE FINDINGS OBTAINED IN STUDIES ON PAIN IN GENERAL HAS ALLOWED A MORE INTEGRATED MODEL TO BE GENERATED. ACCORDING TO THIS NEW MODEL, THERE IS AN ANATOMICAL SUBSTRATE CONSISTING IN A COMPLEX FRAMEWORK OF PAIN THAT IS MADE UP NOT ONLY OF THE TRIGEMINOVASCULAR SYSTEM (END PATHWAY) BUT OF A NUMBER OF NETWORKS THAT ARE IN TURN CONNECTED TO ONE ANOTHER, LIKE THE NEUROLIMBIC, THE ASCENDING AND DESCENDING MODULATORY SYSTEM. THIS COMPLEX NETWORK IS RESPONSIBLE FOR MODULATING AND CONVEYING NOCICEPTIVE SIGNALS. IN PATIENTS WITH MIGRAINE, HYPEREXCITABILITY OF THIS FRAMEWORK IS CONDITIONED BY GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS. EPIGENETIC CHANGES ARE CHEMICAL MODIFICATIONS AFFECTING CHROMATIN, WHICH MODULATES THE ACTIVITY OF GENES WITHOUT MODIFYING THE DNA SEQUENCE, AND WHICH ARE CAPABLE OF MODULATING THE EXPRESSION OF GENES INVOLVED IN A NUMBER OF DIFFERENT ASPECTS, SUCH AS PLASTICITY, SYSTEM EXCITABILITY, MEMORY OF PAIN OR MOODS. IN TURN, THE PRESENCE OF EXTERNAL FACTORS (SUCH AS ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES OR ALCOHOL) AND INTERNAL FACTORS (SUCH AS HORMONES OR SLEEP DISORDERS) CONTRIBUTE TO ACTIVATE THIS LOADED ANATOMICAL SUBSTRATE, RESULTING IN THE ATTACK OF MIGRAINE.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
11  3993  33 LONGITUDINAL FOLLOW-UP OF THE ASTHMA STATUS IN A FRENCH-CANADIAN COHORT. ASTHMA AFFECTS 340 MILLION PEOPLE WORLDWIDE AND VARIES IN TIME. TWENTY YEARS AGO, IN CANADA, THE SAGUENAY-LAC-SAINT-JEAN ASTHMA FAMILY COHORT WAS CREATED TO STUDY THE GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS OF ASTHMA. THIS STUDY IS A FOLLOW-UP OF 125 PARTICIPANTS OF THIS COHORT TO EXPLORE THE APPEARANCE, PERSISTENCE, AND PROGRESSION OF ASTHMA OVER 10-20 YEARS. PARTICIPANTS ANSWERED A CLINICAL STANDARDIZED QUESTIONNAIRE. LUNG FUNCTION WAS ASSESSED (FORCED EXPIRATORY VOLUME IN 1 S, FORCED VITAL CAPACITY, BRONCHIAL REVERSIBILITY, AND METHACHOLINE BRONCHOPROVOCATION), SKIN ALLERGY TESTING WAS PERFORMED, BLOOD SAMPLES WERE OBTAINED (IMMUNOGLOBULIN E, WHITE BLOOD CELL COUNTS) AND PHENOTYPES WERE COMPARED BETWEEN RECRUITMENT AND FOLLOW-UP. FROM THE PARTICIPANTS WITHOUT ASTHMA AT RECRUITMENT, 12% DEVELOPED A PHENOTYPE OF ADULT-ONSET ASTHMA WITH THE PRESENCE OF RISK FACTORS, SUCH AS ATOPY, HIGH BODY MASS INDEX, AND EXPOSURE TO SMOKING. A DECREASE OF PC(20) VALUES IN THIS GROUP WAS OBSERVED AND A DECREASE IN THE FEV(1)/FVC RATIO IN ALL GROUPS. ALSO, 7% OF INDIVIDUALS WITH ASTHMA AT RECRUITMENT DEVELOPED CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE, PRESENTING RISK FACTORS AT RECRUITMENT, SUCH AS MODERATE-TO-SEVERE BRONCHIAL HYPERRESPONSIVENESS, EXPOSURE TO SMOKING, AND ASTHMA. THIS STUDY ALLOWED A BETTER INTERPRETATION OF THE EVOLUTION OF ASTHMA. FINE PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION IS THE FIRST STEP FOR MEANINGFUL GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC STUDIES.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
12  5130  27 POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL GENE REGULATION: NOVEL PATHWAYS FOR GLUCOCORTICOIDS' ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTION. POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL GENE REGULATION (PTR) IS A FUNDAMENTAL BIOLOGICAL PROCESS THAT INTEGRATES WITH THE MASTER TRANSCRIPTIONAL CONTROL OF GENE EXPRESSION, IN WAYS THAT ONLY IN THE LAST DECADE HAVE BEEN INCREASINGLY UNDERSTOOD [1, 2]. WHILE EPIGENETIC AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL EVENTS SHAPE CELL RESPONSE QUALITATIVELY, DECIDING THE PATTERN OF GENE EXPRESSION TO 'SWITCH ON OR OFF' IN RESPONSE TO ENDOGENOUS OR ENVIRONMENTAL TRIGGERS, THE KEY TASK OF PTR IS TO ACT AS A 'RHEOSTAT' AND RAPIDLY ADAPT THE CELLULAR RESPONSE BY PROVIDING THE APPROPRIATE AMPLITUDE AND TIMING TO THE PROTEIN EXPRESSION PATTERNS [3, 4]. THE PIVOTAL ROLE OF THIS MECHANISM COMES TO THE FOREFRONT IN INFLAMMATORY AND IMMUNE RESPONSE, WHERE THE CHANGES IN AMPLITUDE AND DURATION IN THE EXPRESSION OF DANGEROUS AND PROTECTIVE GENES ARE IN DELICATE BALANCE, AND ARE CRITICAL IN DETERMINING EITHER THE SUCCESSFUL RESOLUTION OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE OR ITS CHRONIC OVEREXPRESSION [5]. THIS BRIEF REVIEW INTRODUCES MEMBERS OF THE MAIN CLASSES OF MOLECULES MEDIATING THE CYTOPLASMIC ARM OF GENE REGULATION, NAMELY RNA-BINDING PROTEINS AND MICRO-RNA (MIRNA), AND SUMMARIZES EXPERIMENTAL DATA THAT UNDERSCORE THE ROLE OF THESE MOLECULES IN THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATION, AS WELL AS THEIR PROMISING VALUE AS MECHANISMS CONVEYING THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT OF SYNTHETIC GLUCOCORTICOIDS.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
13  6783  35 [CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE IN WOMEN]. FOR THE PAST SEVERAL YEARS THE NUMBER OF WOMEN SUFFERING FROM CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) HAS BEEN STEADILY INCREASING. THIS FACT PROMPTS THE DEBATE WHICH FACTORS, IN ADDITION TO CONSIDERABLY INCREASING PREVALENCE OF CIGARETTE SMOKING AMONG YOUNG WOMEN, ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THESE EPIDEMIOLOGIC CHANGES. DIFFERENCES IN THE NATURAL HISTORY AND PROGNOSIS OF COPD IN FEMALES AND MALES ARE PRESENTED IN THE PAPER, AS WELL AS THE NUMBER OF POTENTIAL ETHIOPATHOGENETIC AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC FACTORS INFLUENCING THESE VARIATIONS. AMONG THEM, DIFFERENCES IN THE COPD RISK FACTORS SPECTRUM IN BOTH GENDERS AND IN AIRWAYS ANATOMY ARE POINTED OUT, AND THE MECHANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR GREATER WOMEN'S SUSCEPTIBILITY TO COMPONENTS OF CIGARETTE SMOKE, WHICH REFLECT GENETIC (ENZYME POLYMORPHISMS), EPIGENETIC (DIMINISHED DNA METHYLATION) AND HORMONAL (ESTROGENS) INFLUENCES ON XENOBIOTICS METABOLISM. FURTHER, SEX-RELATED DIFFERENCES REGARDING COPD PHENOTYPES (CHRONIC BRONCHITIS VS. EMPHYSEMA), IMMUNOLOGICAL MARKERS AND CLINICAL MANIFESTATION OF DISEASE ARE UNDERLINED IN THE PAPER. MORE FREQUENT COEXISTENCE OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION, COPD EXACERBATIONS AND WORSE QUALITY OF LIFE IN WOMEN ARE ALSO EMPHASIZED. OTHER DIFFERENCES, POINTED OUT BY AUTHORS INCLUDE AUTOIMMUNOLOGICAL CONCEPTION OF PATHOGENESIS OF COPD (GREATER FEMALE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO PRODUCE AUTOANTIBODIES), RISK FACTORS OF DISEASE EXACERBATION AND, AT LAST, RESPONSE TO CERTAIN FORMS OF COPD TREATMENT (NICOTINE REPLACEMENT THERAPY, LONG-TERM OXYGEN THERAPY).	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
14   299  42 AIR POLLUTION AND DNA METHYLATION: EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE IN HUMANS. AIR POLLUTION EXPOSURE IS ESTIMATED TO CONTRIBUTE TO APPROXIMATELY SEVEN MILLION EARLY DEATHS EVERY YEAR WORLDWIDE AND MORE THAN 3% OF DISABILITY-ADJUSTED LIFE YEARS LOST. AIR POLLUTION HAS NUMEROUS HARMFUL EFFECTS ON HEALTH AND CONTRIBUTES TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND MORBIDITY OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, METABOLIC DISORDERS, AND A NUMBER OF LUNG PATHOLOGIES, INCLUDING ASTHMA AND CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD). EMERGING DATA INDICATE THAT AIR POLLUTION EXPOSURE MODULATES THE EPIGENETIC MARK, DNA METHYLATION (DNAM), AND THAT THESE CHANGES MIGHT IN TURN INFLUENCE INFLAMMATION, DISEASE DEVELOPMENT, AND EXACERBATION RISK. SEVERAL TRAFFIC-RELATED AIR POLLUTION (TRAP) COMPONENTS, INCLUDING PARTICULATE MATTER (PM), BLACK CARBON (BC), OZONE (O(3)), NITROGEN OXIDES (NO(X)), AND POLYAROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHS), HAVE BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH CHANGES IN DNAM; TYPICALLY LOWERING DNAM AFTER EXPOSURE. EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION ON DNAM HAVE BEEN OBSERVED ACROSS THE HUMAN LIFESPAN, BUT IT IS NOT YET CLEAR WHETHER EARLY LIFE DEVELOPMENTAL SENSITIVITY OR THE ACCUMULATION OF EXPOSURES HAVE THE MOST SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS ON HEALTH. AIR POLLUTION EXPOSURE-ASSOCIATED DNAM PATTERNS ARE OFTEN CORRELATED WITH LONG-TERM NEGATIVE RESPIRATORY HEALTH OUTCOMES, INCLUDING THE DEVELOPMENT OF LUNG DISEASES, A FOCUS IN THIS REVIEW. RECENTLY, INTERVENTIONS SUCH AS EXERCISE AND B VITAMINS HAVE BEEN PROPOSED TO REDUCE THE IMPACT OF AIR POLLUTION ON DNAM AND HEALTH. ULTIMATELY, IMPROVED KNOWLEDGE OF HOW EXPOSURE-INDUCED CHANGE IN DNAM IMPACTS HEALTH, BOTH ACUTELY AND CHRONICALLY, MAY ENABLE PREVENTATIVE AND REMEDIAL STRATEGIES TO REDUCE MORBIDITY IN POLLUTED ENVIRONMENTS.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
15   360  34 AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION AND BIOMARKERS OF HEALTH EFFECT. RECENTLY, THE AIR POLLUTION SITUATION OF OUR COUNTRY IS VERY SERIOUS ALONG WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF URBANIZATION AND INDUSTRIALIZATION. STUDIES INDICATE THAT THE EXPOSURE OF AIR POLLUTION CAN CAUSE A RISE OF INCIDENCE AND MORTALITY OF MANY DISEASES, SUCH AS CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD), ASTHMA, MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, AND SO ON. HOWEVER, THERE IS NOW GROWING EVIDENCE SHOWING THAT SIGNIFICANT AIR POLLUTION EXPOSURES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH EARLY BIOMARKERS IN VARIOUS SYSTEMS OF THE BODY. IN ORDER TO BETTER PREVENT AND CONTROL THE DAMAGE EFFECT OF AIR POLLUTION, THIS ARTICLE SUMMARIZES COMPREHENSIVELY EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES ABOUT THE BAD EFFECTS ON THE BIOMARKERS OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM, CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM, AND GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC SYSTEM EXPOSURE TO AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
16  6915  23 [VULNERABILITY OF WOMEN TO TOBACCO: THE BRONCHO-PULMONARY CONSEQUENCES (ASTHMA, COPD)]. SMOKING REMAINS COMMON, WITH AN EXPOSURE THAT BEGINS EARLY DURING PREGNANCY. IT INDUCES EPIGENETIC CHANGES, WITH A TRANS-GENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION. SMOKING INCREASES THE RISK OF UNCONTROLLED ASTHMA DURING CHILDHOOD AND ADULT LIFE. ASTHMA IS ALSO ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED RISK OF A DECLINE OF LUNG FUNCTION AND CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD). WOMEN ARE MORE AT RISK OF DEVELOPING EARLY AND SEVERE COPD. THE MECHANISMS ARE CURRENTLY POORLY KNOWN.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
17   298  51 AIR POLLUTION AND AIRWAY DISEASE. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL RESEARCH CONTINUES TO SUPPORT A LINK BETWEEN URBAN AIR POLLUTION AND AN INCREASED INCIDENCE AND/OR SEVERITY OF AIRWAY DISEASE. DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS OF OZONE (O(3)), NITROGEN DIOXIDE (NO(2)) AND PARTICULATE MATTER (PM), AS WELL AS TRAFFIC-RELATED POLLUTION AS A WHOLE, ON RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS AND FUNCTION ARE WELL DOCUMENTED. NOT ONLY DO WE HAVE STRONG EPIDEMIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AIR POLLUTION AND EXACERBATION OF ASTHMA AND RESPIRATORY MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD), BUT RECENT STUDIES, PARTICULARLY IN URBAN AREAS, HAVE SUGGESTED A ROLE FOR POLLUTANTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BOTH ASTHMA AND COPD. SIMILARLY, WHILE PREVALENCE AND SEVERITY OF ATOPIC CONDITIONS APPEAR TO BE MORE COMMON IN URBAN COMPARED WITH RURAL COMMUNITIES, EVIDENCE IS EMERGING THAT TRAFFIC-RELATED POLLUTANTS MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALLERGY. FURTHERMORE, NUMEROUS EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES SUGGEST AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN EXPOSURE TO NO(2) , O(3) , PM AND COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF BIOMASS FUELS AND AN INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO AND MORBIDITY FROM RESPIRATORY INFECTION. GIVEN THE CONSIDERABLE CONTRIBUTION THAT TRAFFIC EMISSIONS MAKE TO URBAN AIR POLLUTION RESEARCHERS HAVE SOUGHT TO CHARACTERIZE THE RELATIVE TOXICITY OF TRAFFIC-RELATED PM POLLUTANTS. RECENT ADVANCES IN MECHANISMS IMPLICATED IN THE ASSOCIATION OF AIR POLLUTANTS AND AIRWAY DISEASE INCLUDE EPIGENETIC ALTERATION OF GENES BY COMBUSTION-RELATED POLLUTANTS AND HOW POLYMORPHISMS IN GENES INVOLVED IN ANTIOXIDANT PATHWAYS AND AIRWAY INFLAMMATION CAN MODIFY RESPONSES TO AIR POLLUTION EXPOSURES. OTHER INTERESTING EPIDEMIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS RELATED TO INCREASED HOST SUSCEPTIBILITY INCLUDE A POSSIBLE LINK BETWEEN CHRONIC PM EXPOSURE DURING CHILDHOOD AND VULNERABILITY TO COPD IN ADULTHOOD, AND THAT INFANTS SUBJECTED TO HIGHER PRENATAL LEVELS OF AIR POLLUTION MAY BE AT GREATER RISK OF DEVELOPING RESPIRATORY CONDITIONS. WHILE THE CHARACTERIZATION OF POLLUTANT COMPONENTS AND SOURCES PROMISE TO GUIDE POLLUTION CONTROL STRATEGIES, THE IDENTIFICATION OF SUSCEPTIBLE SUBPOPULATIONS WILL BE NECESSARY IF TARGETED THERAPY/PREVENTION OF POLLUTION-INDUCED RESPIRATORY DISEASES IS TO BE DEVELOPED.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
18  4135  42 MECHANISMS OF LUNG DAMAGE AND DEVELOPMENT OF COPD DUE TO HOUSEHOLD BIOMASS-SMOKE EXPOSURE: INFLAMMATION, OXIDATIVE STRESS, MICRORNAS, AND GENE POLYMORPHISMS. CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO INDOOR BIOMASS SMOKE FROM THE COMBUSTION OF SOLID ORGANIC FUELS IS A MAJOR CAUSE OF DISEASE BURDEN WORLDWIDE. ALMOST 3 BILLION PEOPLE USE SOLID FUELS SUCH AS WOOD, CHARCOAL, AND CROP RESIDUES FOR INDOOR COOKING AND HEATING, ACCOUNTING FOR APPROXIMATELY 50% OF ALL HOUSEHOLDS AND 90% OF RURAL HOUSEHOLDS GLOBALLY. BIOMASS SMOKE CONTAINS MANY HAZARDOUS POLLUTANTS, RESULTING IN HOUSEHOLD AIR POLLUTION (HAP) EXPOSURE THAT OFTEN EXCEEDS INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS. LONG-TERM BIOMASS-SMOKE EXPOSURE IS ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) IN ADULTS, A LEADING CAUSE OF MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WORLDWIDE, CHRONIC BRONCHITIS, AND OTHER LUNG CONDITIONS. BIOMASS SMOKE-ASSOCIATED COPD DIFFERS FROM THE BEST-KNOWN CIGARETTE SMOKE-INDUCED COPD IN SEVERAL ASPECTS, SUCH AS A SLOWER DECLINE IN LUNG FUNCTION, GREATER AIRWAY INVOLVEMENT, AND LESS EMPHYSEMA, WHICH SUGGESTS A DIFFERENT PHENOTYPE AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. DESPITE THE HIGH BURDEN OF BIOMASS-ASSOCIATED COPD, THE MOLECULAR, GENETIC, AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS UNDERLYING ITS PATHOGENESIS ARE POORLY UNDERSTOOD. THIS REVIEW DESCRIBES THE PATHOGENIC MECHANISMS POTENTIALLY INVOLVED IN LUNG DAMAGE, THE DEVELOPMENT OF COPD ASSOCIATED WITH WOOD-DERIVED SMOKE EXPOSURE, AND THE INFLUENCE OF GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THIS DISEASE.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
19  3106  39 GENOMICS AND THE RESPIRATORY EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION EXPOSURE. ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS FROM AIR POLLUTANTS REMAIN IMPORTANT, DESPITE IMPROVEMENT IN AIR QUALITY IN THE PAST FEW DECADES. THE EXACT MECHANISMS OF LUNG INJURY FROM EXPOSURE TO AIR POLLUTANTS ARE NOT YET FULLY UNDERSTOOD. STUDYING THE GENOME (E.G. SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS (SNP) ), EPIGENOME (E.G. METHYLATION OF GENES), TRANSCRIPTOME (MRNA EXPRESSION) AND MICRORNAOME (MICRORNA EXPRESSION) HAS THE POTENTIAL TO IMPROVE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE ADVERSE EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS. GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES OF SNP HAVE DETECTED SNP ASSOCIATED WITH RESPIRATORY PHENOTYPES; HOWEVER, TO DATE, ONLY CANDIDATE GENE STUDIES OF AIR POLLUTION EXPOSURE HAVE BEEN PERFORMED. CHANGES IN EPIGENETIC PROCESSES, SUCH DNA METHYLATION THAT LEADS TO GENE SILENCING WITHOUT ALTERING THE DNA SEQUENCE, OCCUR WITH AIR POLLUTANT EXPOSURE, ESPECIALLY GLOBAL AND GENE-SPECIFIC METHYLATION CHANGES. RESPIRATORY CELL LINE AND ANIMAL MODELS DEMONSTRATE DISTINCT GENE EXPRESSION SIGNATURES IN THE TRANSCRIPTOME, ARISING FROM EXPOSURE TO PARTICULATE MATTER OR OZONE. PARTICULATE MATTER AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL TOXINS ALTER EXPRESSION OF MICRORNA, WHICH ARE SHORT NON-CODING RNA THAT REGULATE GENE EXPRESSION. WHILE IT IS CLEARLY IMPORTANT TO CONTAIN RISING LEVELS OF AIR POLLUTION, STRATEGIES ALSO NEED TO BE DEVELOPED TO MINIMIZE THE DAMAGING EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTANT EXPOSURE ON THE LUNG, ESPECIALLY FOR PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LUNG DISEASE AND FOR PEOPLE AT RISK OF FUTURE LUNG DISEASE. CAREFUL STUDY OF GENOMIC RESPONSES WILL IMPROVE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF MECHANISMS OF LUNG INJURY FROM AIR POLLUTION AND ENABLE FUTURE CLINICAL TESTING OF INTERVENTIONS AGAINST THE TOXIC EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
20  4938  27 PATERNAL NICOTINE ENHANCES FEAR MEMORY, REDUCES NICOTINE ADMINISTRATION, AND ALTERS HIPPOCAMPAL GENETIC AND NEURAL FUNCTION IN OFFSPRING. NICOTINE USE REMAINS HIGHLY PREVALENT WITH TOBACCO AND E-CIGARETTE PRODUCTS CONSUMED WORLDWIDE. HOWEVER, INCREASING EVIDENCE OF TRANSGENERATIONAL EPIGENETIC INHERITANCE SUGGESTS THAT NICOTINE USE MAY ALTER BEHAVIOR AND NEUROBIOLOGY IN SUBSEQUENT GENERATIONS. WE TESTED THE EFFECTS OF CHRONIC PATERNAL NICOTINE EXPOSURE IN C57BL6/J MICE ON FEAR CONDITIONING IN F1 AND F2 OFFSPRING, AS WELL AS CONDITIONED FEAR EXTINCTION AND SPONTANEOUS RECOVERY, NICOTINE SELF-ADMINISTRATION, HIPPOCAMPAL CHOLINERGIC FUNCTIONING, RNA EXPRESSION, AND DNA METHYLATION IN F1 OFFSPRING. PATERNAL NICOTINE EXPOSURE WAS ASSOCIATED WITH ENHANCED CONTEXTUAL AND CUED FEAR CONDITIONING AND SPONTANEOUS RECOVERY OF EXTINGUISHED FEAR MEMORIES. FURTHER, NICOTINE REINFORCEMENT WAS REDUCED IN NICOTINE-SIRED MICE, AS ASSESSED IN A SELF-ADMINISTRATION PARADIGM. THESE BEHAVIORAL PHENOTYPES WERE COUPLED WITH ALTERED RESPONSE TO NICOTINE, UPREGULATED HIPPOCAMPAL NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR BINDING, REDUCED EVOKED HIPPOCAMPAL CHOLINERGIC CURRENTS, AND ALTERED METHYLATION AND EXPRESSION OF HIPPOCAMPAL GENES RELATED TO NEURAL DEVELOPMENT AND PLASTICITY. GENE EXPRESSION ANALYSIS SUGGESTS MULTIGENERATIONAL EFFECTS ON BROADER GENE NETWORKS POTENTIALLY INVOLVED IN NEUROPLASTICITY AND MENTAL DISORDERS. THE CHANGES IN FEAR CONDITIONING SIMILARLY SUGGEST PHENOTYPES ANALOGOUS TO ANXIETY DISORDERS SIMILAR TO POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS.	2021