1 6589 129 TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA GENE PROMOTER METHYLATION IN JAPANESE ADULTS WITH CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS AND RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: OVER-EXPRESSION OF TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA (TNF-ALPHA) PLAYS A PATHOLOGICAL ROLE IN CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS (CP) AND RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA), WHICH MIGHT BE REGULATED BY THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISM. THE AIM OF THE PRESENT STUDY WAS TO EVALUATE WHETHER THERE IS A UNIQUE METHYLATION PROFILE OF THE TNF-ALPHA GENE PROMOTER IN BLOOD CELLS OF INDIVIDUALS WITH CP AND RA. MATERIAL AND METHODS: THE STUDY PARTICIPANTS CONSISTED OF 30 JAPANESE ADULTS WITH RA (RA GROUP), 30 RACE-MATCHED ADULTS WITH CP ONLY (CP GROUP) AND 30 RACE-MATCHED HEALTHY CONTROLS (H GROUP). GENOMIC DNA ISOLATED FROM PERIPHERAL BLOOD WAS MODIFIED BY SODIUM BISULFITE AND ANALYZED, BY DIRECT SEQUENCING, TO INVESTIGATE DNA METHYLATION OF THE TNF-ALPHA GENE PROMOTER REGION. THE LEVEL OF TNF-ALPHA PRODUCED IN MONONUCLEAR CELLS STIMULATED WITH PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE WAS DETERMINED USING ELISA. RESULTS: TWELVE CYTOSINE-GUANINE DINUCLEOTIDE (CPG) MOTIFS WERE IDENTIFIED IN THE TNF-ALPHA PROMOTER FRAGMENT FROM -343 TO +57 BP. THE CP GROUP SHOWED A SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER METHYLATION RATE AND FREQUENCY AT -72 BP THAN THE H GROUP (P < 0.01). THE RA GROUP EXHIBITED SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER METHYLATION RATES AT SEVEN CPG MOTIFS (-302, -163, -119, -72, -49, -38 AND +10 BP), AND SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER METHYLATION FREQUENCIES AT SIX CPG MOTIFS (-163, -119, -72, -49, -38 AND +10 BP), THAN THE H GROUP (P < 0.01 FOR ALL COMPARISONS). THE LEVELS OF TNF-ALPHA PRODUCED WERE SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS WITH AND WITHOUT METHYLATION AT -163 BP (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT THE HYPERMETHYLATED STATUS OF CPG MOTIFS IN THE TNF-ALPHA GENE PROMOTER IN BLOOD CELLS MAY BE UNIQUE TO JAPANESE ADULTS WITH CP AND RA. 2016 2 401 44 ANALYSIS OF ABERRANT METHYLATION ON PROMOTER SEQUENCES OF TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES AND TOTAL DNA IN SPUTUM SAMPLES: A PROMISING TOOL FOR EARLY DETECTION OF COPD AND LUNG CANCER IN SMOKERS. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) IS A DISORDER ASSOCIATED TO CIGARETTE SMOKE AND LUNG CANCER (LC). SINCE EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN ONCOGENES AND TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES (TSGS) ARE CLEARLY IMPORTANT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LC. IN THIS STUDY, WE HYPOTHESIZE THAT TOBACCO SMOKERS ARE SUSCEPTIBLE FOR METHYLATION IN THE PROMOTER REGION OF TSGS IN AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS WHEN COMPARED WITH NON-SMOKER SUBJECTS. THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE USEFULNESS OF DETECTION OF GENES PROMOTER METHYLATION IN SPUTUM SPECIMENS, AS A COMPLEMENTARY TOOL TO IDENTIFY LC BIOMARKERS AMONG SMOKERS WITH EARLY COPD. METHODS: WE DETERMINED THE AMOUNT OF DNA IN INDUCED SPUTUM FROM PATIENTS WITH COPD (N = 23), LC (N = 26), AS WELL AS IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS (CTR) (N = 33), USING A COMMERCIAL KIT FOR DNA PURIFICATION, FOLLOWED BY ABSORBANCE MEASUREMENT AT 260 NM. THE FREQUENCY OF CDKN2A, CDH1 AND MGMT PROMOTER METHYLATION IN THE SAME GROUPS WAS DETERMINED BY METHYLATION-SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (MSP). THE FISHER'S EXACT TEST WAS EMPLOYED TO COMPARE FREQUENCY OF RESULTS BETWEEN DIFFERENT GROUPS. RESULTS: DNA CONCENTRATION WAS 7.4 AND 5.8 TIMES HIGHER IN LC AND COPD COMPARED TO THE (CTR) (P < 0.0001), RESPECTIVELY. METHYLATION STATUS OF CDKN2A AND MGMT WAS SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER IN COPD AND LC PATIENTS COMPARED WITH CTR GROUP (P < 0.0001). FREQUENCY OF CDH1 METHYLATION ONLY SHOWED A STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LC PATIENTS AND CTR GROUP (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: WE PROVIDE EVIDENCE THAT ABERRANT METHYLATION OF TSGS IN SAMPLES OF INDUCED SPUTUM IS A USEFUL TOOL FOR EARLY DIAGNOSTIC OF LUNG DISEASES (LC AND COPD) IN SMOKER SUBJECTS. VIRTUAL SLIDES: THE ABSTRACT MUST FINISH WITH THE FOLLOWING TEXT: VIRTUAL SLIDES THE VIRTUAL SLIDE(S) FOR THIS ARTICLE CAN BE FOUND HERE: HTTP://WWW.DIAGNOSTICPATHOLOGY.DIAGNOMX.EU/VS/1127865005664160. 2012 3 3460 43 HYPOMETHYLATION OF THE IL8 PROMOTER IN NASAL EPITHELIAL CELLS OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS WITH NASAL POLYPS. BACKGROUND: IL-8 IS AN IMPORTANT CHEMOKINE IMPLICATED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS (CRS), BUT LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF IL8 IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CRS. OBJECTIVE: WE SOUGHT TO INVESTIGATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DNA METHYLATION LEVEL IN THE IL8 PROXIMAL PROMOTER AND CRS IN HAN CHINESE SUBJECTS. METHODS: PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS WITH NASAL POLYPS (CRSWNP; N = 187), PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS WITHOUT NASAL POLYPS (CRSSNP; N = 89), AND CONTROL SUBJECTS (N = 57) WERE ENROLLED IN 2 INDEPENDENT COHORTS. PURIFIED HUMAN NASAL EPITHELIAL CELLS FROM EACH PARTICIPANT WERE ASSESSED FOR PERCENTAGE DNA METHYLATION OF CPG SITES IN THE IL8 PROXIMAL PROMOTER BY USING BISULFITE PYROSEQUENCING AND FOR FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF METHYLATION STATUS BY USING IN VITRO ASSAYS. RESULTS: DNA METHYLATION OF CPG SITES 1, 2, AND 3, RESPECTIVELY, IN THE IL8 PROXIMAL PROMOTER WAS SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED IN HUMAN NASAL EPITHELIAL CELLS OF PATIENTS WITH CRSWNP COMPARED WITH THAT IN PATIENTS WITH CRSSNP (P < .001) AND CONTROL SUBJECTS (P < .001). PERCENTAGE OF DNA METHYLATION OF THE CPG3 SITE WAS CORRELATED NEGATIVELY WITH BOTH TISSUE EOSINOPHILIC CATIONIC PROTEIN (P < .01) AND MYELOPEROXIDASE (P < .05) LEVELS. IL-1BETA (P < .001) AND TNF-ALPHA (P < .01) SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED IL8 EXPRESSION ACCOMPANIED BY A REDUCTION IN METHYLATION AT THE CPG3 SITE (P < .001). ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY SHIFT ASSAYS DEMONSTRATED THAT METHYLATION STATUS OF CPG3 CHANGED THE BINDING OF OCTAMER-BINDING TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 1 AND NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPAB. CONCLUSION: DECREASED DNA METHYLATION OF PARTICULARLY CPG SITES IN THE IL8 PROXIMAL PROMOTER MIGHT PLAY A ROLE IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CRSWNP. 2019 4 1189 41 CORRELATION BETWEEN GLOBAL METHYLATION LEVEL OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD LEUKOCYTES AND SERUM C REACTIVE PROTEIN LEVEL MODIFIED BY MTHFR POLYMORPHISM: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER TUMOR INCIDENCE THROUGH EPIGENETIC AND GENETIC ALTERATIONS. HERE, WE FOCUSED ON AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN AN INFLAMMATION MARKER, C-REACTIVE-PROTEIN (CRP), AND GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION LEVELS OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD LEUKOCYTES. METHODS: THE SUBJECTS WERE 384 HEALTHY JAPANESE WOMEN ENROLLED AS THE CONTROL GROUP OF A CASE-CONTROL STUDY FOR BREAST CANCER CONDUCTED FROM 2001 TO 2005. GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION WAS QUANTIFIED BY LUMINOMETRIC METHYLATION ASSAY (LUMA). RESULTS: WITH ADJUSTMENT FOR LIFESTYLE-RELATED FACTORS, INCLUDING FOLATE INTAKE, THE GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION LEVEL OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD LEUKOCYTES WAS SIGNIFICANTLY BUT WEAKLY INCREASED BY 0.43% PER QUARTILE CATEGORY FOR CRP (P FOR TREND = 0.010). ESTIMATED METHYLATION LEVELS STRATIFIED BY CRP QUARTILE WERE 70.0%, 70.8%, 71.4%, AND 71.3%, RESPECTIVELY. IN ADDITION, INTERACTION BETWEEN POLYMORPHISM OF MTHFR (RS1801133, KNOWN AS C677T) AND CRP WAS SIGNIFICANT (P FOR INTERACTION = 0.046); THE GLOBAL METHYLATION LEVEL WAS SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED BY 0.61% PER QUARTILE CATEGORY FOR CRP IN THE CT/TT GROUP (THOSE WITH THE MINOR ALLELE T, P FOR TREND = 0.001), WHEREAS NO ASSOCIATION WAS OBSERVED IN THE CC GROUP (WILD TYPE). CONCLUSIONS: OUR STUDY SUGGESTS THAT CRP CONCENTRATION IS WEAKLY ASSOCIATED WITH GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION LEVEL. HOWEVER, THIS ASSOCIATION WAS OBSERVED MORE CLEARLY IN INDIVIDUALS WITH THE MINOR ALLELE OF THE MTHFR MISSENSE SNP RS1801133. BY ELUCIDATING THE COMPLEX MECHANISM OF THE REGULATION OF DNA METHYLATION BY BOTH ACQUIRED AND GENETIC FACTORS, OUR RESULTS MAY BE IMPORTANT FOR CANCER PREVENTION. 2018 5 3783 43 INTERFERON-GAMMA PROMOTER HYPOMETHYLATION AND INCREASED EXPRESSION IN CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS. AIM: THE GOAL OF THIS INVESTIGATION WAS TO DETERMINE WHETHER EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN THE IFNG PROMOTER ARE ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASE OF IFNG TRANSCRIPTION IN DIFFERENT STAGES OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES. MATERIALS AND METHODS: DNA WAS EXTRACTED FROM GINGIVAL BIOPSY SAMPLES COLLECTED FROM 47 TOTAL SITES FROM 47 DIFFERENT SUBJECTS: 23 PERIODONTALLY HEALTHY SITES, 12 EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED GINGIVITIS SITES AND 12 CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS SITES. LEVELS OF DNA METHYLATION WITHIN THE IFNG PROMOTER CONTAINING SIX CPG DINUCLEOTIDES WERE DETERMINED USING PYROSEQUENCING TECHNOLOGY. INTERFERON GAMMA MRNA EXPRESSION WAS ANALYSED BY QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTIONS USING ISOLATED RNA FROM PART OF THE BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES MENTIONED ABOVE. RESULTS: THE METHYLATION LEVEL OF ALL SIX ANALYSED CPG SITES WITHIN THE IFNG PROMOTER REGION IN THE PERIODONTITIS BIOPSIES 52% [INTERQUARTILE RANGE, IQR (43.8%, 63%)] WAS SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER THAN PERIODONTALLY HEALTHY SAMPLES 62% [IQR (51.3%, 74%)], P=0.007 AND GINGIVITIS BIOPSIES 63% [IQR (55%, 74%)], P=0.02. THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL LEVEL OF IFNG IN PERIODONTITIS BIOPSIES WAS 1.96-FOLD AND SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER THAN TISSUES WITH PERIODONTAL HEALTH (P=0.04). ALTHOUGH THE MRNA LEVEL FROM EXPERIMENTAL GINGIVITIS SAMPLES EXHIBITED AN 8.5-FOLD INCREASE AS COMPARED WITH PERIODONTALLY HEALTHY SAMPLES, NO SIGNIFICANT METHYLATION DIFFERENCE WAS OBSERVED IN EXPERIMENTAL GINGIVITIS SAMPLE. CONCLUSIONS: A HYPOMETHYLATION PROFILE WITHIN IFNG PROMOTER REGION IS RELATED TO AN INCREASE OF IFNG TRANSCRIPTION PRESENT IN THE CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS BIOPSIES, WHILE SUCH AN INCREASE OF IFNG IN EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED GINGIVITIS SEEMS INDEPENDENT OF PROMOTER METHYLATION ALTERATION. 2010 6 3056 29 GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION ANALYSIS IMPLICATES ENRICHMENT OF INTERFERON PATHWAY IN AFRICAN AMERICAN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS AND EUROPEAN AMERICANS WITH LUPUS NEPHRITIS. SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE) IS A CHRONIC, MULTISYSTEM, INFLAMMATORY AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE THAT DISPROPORTIONATELY AFFECTS WOMEN. TRENDS IN SLE PREVALENCE AND CLINICAL COURSE DIFFER BY ANCESTRY, WITH THOSE OF AFRICAN AMERICAN ANCESTRY PRESENTING WITH MORE ACTIVE, SEVERE AND RAPIDLY PROGRESSIVE DISEASE THAN EUROPEAN AMERICANS. PREVIOUS RESEARCH ESTABLISHED ALTERED EPIGENETIC SIGNATURES IN SLE PATIENTS COMPARED TO CONTROLS. HOWEVER, THE CONTRIBUTION OF ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION (DNAM) TO THE RISK OF SLE BY ANCESTRY AND DIFFERENCES AMONG PATIENTS WITH SLE-ASSOCIATED LUPUS NEPHRITIS (LN) HAS NOT BEEN WELL DESCRIBED. WE EVALUATED THE DNA METHYLOMES OF 87 INDIVIDUALS INCLUDING 41 SLE PATIENTS, WITH AND WITHOUT LN, AND 46 CONTROLS ENROLLED IN AN ANCESTRY DIVERSE, WELL-CHARACTERIZED COHORT STUDY OF ESTABLISHED SLE (41 SLE PATIENTS [20 SLE-LN+, 21 SLE-LN-] AND 46 SEX-, RACE- AND AGE-MATCHED CONTROLS; 55% AFRICAN AMERICAN, 45% EUROPEAN AMERICAN). PARTICIPANTS WERE GENOTYPED USING THE INFINIUM GLOBAL DIVERSITY ARRAY (GDA), AND GENETIC ANCESTRY WAS ESTIMATED USING PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS. GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION WAS INITIALLY MEASURED USING THE ILLUMINA METHYLATIONEPIC 850K BEADCHIP ARRAY FOLLOWED BY METHYLATION-SPECIFIC QPCR TO VALIDATE THE METHYLATION STATUS AT PUTATIVE LOCI. DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED POSITIONS (DMP) WERE IDENTIFIED USING A CASE-CONTROL APPROACH ADJUSTED FOR ANCESTRY. WE IDENTIFIED A TOTAL OF 51 DMPS IN CPGS AMONG SLE PATIENTS COMPARED TO CONTROLS. GENES PROXIMAL TO THESE CPGS WERE HIGHLY ENRICHED FOR INVOLVEMENT IN TYPE I INTERFERON SIGNALING. DMPS AMONG EUROPEAN AMERICAN SLE PATIENTS WITH LN WERE SIMILAR TO AFRICAN AMERICAN SLE PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT LN. OUR FINDINGS WERE VALIDATED USING AN ORTHOGONAL, METHYL-SPECIFIC PCR FOR THREE SLE-ASSOCIATED DMPS NEAR OR PROXIMAL TO MX1, USP18, AND IFITM1. OUR STUDY CONFIRMS PREVIOUS REPORTS THAT DMPS IN CPGS ASSOCIATED WITH SLE ARE ENRICHED IN TYPE I INTERFERON GENES. HOWEVER, WE SHOW THAT EUROPEAN AMERICAN SLE PATIENTS WITH LN HAVE SIMILAR DNAM PATTERNS TO AFRICAN AMERICAN SLE PATIENTS IRRESPECTIVE OF LN, SUGGESTING THAT ABERRANT DNAM ALTERS ACTIVITY OF TYPE I INTERFERON PATHWAY LEADING TO MORE SEVERE DISEASE INDEPENDENT OF ANCESTRY. 2023 7 1497 33 DNA METHYLATION AGE IS ACCELERATED IN ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE. ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE (ALC) IS A CHRONIC, RELAPSING DISORDER THAT INCREASES THE BURDEN OF CHRONIC DISEASE AND SIGNIFICANTLY CONTRIBUTES TO NUMEROUS PREMATURE DEATHS EACH YEAR. PREVIOUS RESEARCH SUGGESTS THAT CHRONIC, HEAVY ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION IS ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFERENTIAL DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS. IN ADDITION, DNA METHYLATION LEVELS AT CERTAIN CPG SITES HAVE BEEN CORRELATED WITH AGE. WE USED AN EPIGENETIC CLOCK TO INVESTIGATE THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION IN EPIGENETIC AGING. WE EXPLORED THIS QUESTION IN FIVE INDEPENDENT COHORTS, INCLUDING DNA METHYLATION DATA DERIVED FROM DATASETS FROM BLOOD (N = 129, N = 329), LIVER (N = 92, N = 49), AND POSTMORTEM PREFRONTAL CORTEX (N = 46). ONE BLOOD DATASET AND ONE LIVER TISSUE DATASET OF INDIVIDUALS WITH ALC EXHIBITED POSITIVE AGE ACCELERATION (P < 0.0001 AND P = 0.0069, RESPECTIVELY), WHEREAS THE OTHER BLOOD AND LIVER TISSUE DATASETS BOTH EXHIBITED TRENDS OF POSITIVE AGE ACCELERATION THAT WERE NOT SIGNIFICANT (P = 0.83 AND P = 0.57, RESPECTIVELY). PREFRONTAL CORTEX TISSUE EXHIBITED A TREND OF NEGATIVE AGE ACCELERATION (P = 0.19). THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH EPIGENETIC AGING IN A TISSUE-SPECIFIC MANNER AND WARRANTS FURTHER INVESTIGATION USING MULTIPLE TISSUE SAMPLES FROM THE SAME INDIVIDUALS. 2018 8 5957 31 TELOMERE LENGTH AND EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION IN ADOLESCENTS WITH ANXIETY DISORDERS. EVIDENCE ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENETICS AND MENTAL HEALTH ARE FLOURISHING. HOWEVER, FEW STUDIES ARE EVALUATING EARLY BIOMARKERS THAT MIGHT LINK GENES, ENVIRONMENT, AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY. WE AIMED TO STUDY TELOMERE LENGTH (TL) AND EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION (AA) IN A COHORT OF ADOLESCENTS WITH AND WITHOUT ANXIETY DISORDERS (N = 234). WE EVALUATED A REPRESENTATIVE SUBSAMPLE OF PARTICIPANTS AT BASELINE AND AFTER 5 YEARS (N = 76) AND CATEGORIZED THEM ACCORDING TO THEIR ANXIETY DISORDER DIAGNOSIS AT BOTH TIME POINTS: (1) CONTROL GROUP (NO ANXIETY DISORDER, N = 18), (2) VARIABLE GROUP (ANXIETY DISORDER IN ONE EVALUATION, N = 38), AND (3) PERSISTENT GROUP (ANXIETY DISORDER AT BOTH TIME POINTS, N = 20). WE ASSESSED RELATIVE MEAN TL BY REAL-TIME QUANTITATIVE PCR AND DNA METHYLATION BY INFINIUM HUMANMETHYLATION450 BEADCHIP. WE CALCULATED AA USING THE HORVATH AGE ESTIMATION ALGORITHM AND ANALYZED DIFFERENCES AMONG GROUPS USING GENERALIZED LINEAR MIXED MODELS. THE PERSISTENT GROUP OF ANXIETY DISORDER DID NOT CHANGE TL OVER TIME (P = 0.495). THE VARIABLE GROUP HAD HIGHER BASELINE TL (P = 0.003) BUT NO ACCELERATED TL EROSION IN COMPARISON TO THE NON-ANXIETY CONTROL GROUP (P = 0.053). FURTHERMORE, THERE WERE NO DIFFERENCES IN AA AMONG GROUPS OVER TIME. OUR FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT ADOLESCENTS WITH CHRONIC ANXIETY DID NOT CHANGE TELOMERE LENGTH OVER TIME, WHICH COULD BE RELATED TO A DELAY IN NEURONAL DEVELOPMENT IN THIS PERIOD OF LIFE. 2021 9 1194 46 CORRELATION OF EPIGENETIC CHANGE AND IDENTIFICATION OF RISK FACTORS FOR ORAL SUBMUCOUS FIBROSIS. BACKGROUND: DNA METHYLATION OF CERTAIN GENES IS AN EPIGENETIC CHANGE THAT IS ESSENTIAL FOR TUMORIGENESIS. ORAL SUBMUCOUS FIBROSIS (OSF) IS A PRECANCEROUS CONDITION OF ORAL MUCOSA WITH INFLAMMATION AND PROGRESSIVE FIBROSIS OF THE LAMINA PROPRIA AND DEEPER CONNECTIVE TISSUE. THE HYPERMETHYLATION OF E-CADHERIN AND CYCLOOXYGENASE 2 (COX-2) IN CHRONIC INFLAMMATION MAY DEMONSTRATE A MILD LESION/MUTATION AT EPIGENETIC LEVELS. THIS STUDY COMPARES THE HYPERMETHYLATION STATUS OF E-CADHERIN AND COX-2 GENES IN PATIENTS WITH ORAL CANCER AND PATIENTS WITH OSF AND ALSO AIMS TO IDENTIFY RISK FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF OSF. METHODS: DNA WAS EXTRACTED FROM BLOOD SAMPLES OF 50 HEALTHY SUBJECTS, 50 PATIENTS WITH OSF AND 60 PATIENTS WITH ORAL CANCER. METHYLATION-SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION FOR E-CADHERIN AND COX-2 WAS PERFORMED ON THESE SAMPLES AND THE PRODUCTS WERE ANALYZED ON 2% AGAROSE GEL. SURVEYS ABOUT ORAL HEALTH HABITS AND CLINICAL PERIODONTAL EXAMINATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH OSF AND HEALTHY SUBJECTS WERE ALSO CONDUCTED BY WELL-TRAINED DENTISTS, AND LOGISTIC REGRESSION WAS PERFORMED TO IDENTIFY RISK FACTORS FOR OSF. RESULTS: HYPERMETHYLATION OF E-CADHERIN AND COX-2 WAS OBSERVED IN 36% AND 22% OF ORAL CANCER SAMPLES, RESPECTIVELY. IN PATIENTS WITH OSF, THE RATES WERE 52% AND 30%, AND IN HEALTHY CONTROLS THE RATES WERE 4% AND 6%. HYPERMETHYLATION WAS SHOWN TO BE CORRELATED BETWEEN THE 3 GROUPS WITH STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE (P<0.01). METHYLATION OF CPG ISLANDS IN E-CADHERIN AND COX-2 OCCURRED MORE FREQUENTLY IN PATIENTS WITH OSF THAN IN THE CONTROL GROUP, BUT LESS FREQUENTLY THAN IN PATIENTS WITH ORAL CANCER. IN THE LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS, SMOKING, BRUSHING MORE THAN TWICE DAILY, PERIODONTAL PROBING DEPTH AND PLAQUE INDEX WERE IDENTIFIED AS 4 MAJOR RISK FACTORS FOR OSF. CONCLUSIONS: THESE DATA CONFIRM THAT E-CADHERIN AND COX-2 EXPRESSIONS ARE RELATED TO OSF. THE EPIGENETIC CHANGES PRESENTED IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC INFLAMMATION MIGHT DEMONSTRATE AN IRREVERSIBLE DESTRUCTION IN THE TISSUES OR ORGANS SIMILAR TO THE EFFECTS OF CANCER. CHRONIC OSF WAS SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERMETHYLATION, A CANCER RISK FACTOR. 2012 10 812 47 CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION PROFILES OF MYALGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS/CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME PATIENTS REFLECT SYSTEMIC DYSFUNCTIONS. BACKGROUND: MYALGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS/CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME (ME/CFS) IS A LIFELONG DEBILITATING DISEASE WITH A COMPLEX PATHOLOGY NOT YET CLEARLY DEFINED. SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ME/CFS INVOLVES GENETIC PREDISPOSITION AND EXPOSURE TO ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, SUGGESTING AN EPIGENETIC ASSOCIATION. EPIGENETIC STUDIES WITH OTHER ME/CFS COHORTS HAVE USED ARRAY-BASED TECHNOLOGY TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED INDIVIDUAL SITES. CHANGES IN RNA QUANTITIES AND PROTEIN ABUNDANCE HAVE BEEN DOCUMENTED IN OUR PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS WITH THE SAME ME/CFS COHORT USED FOR THIS STUDY. RESULTS: DNA FROM A WELL-CHARACTERISED NEW ZEALAND COHORT OF 10 ME/CFS PATIENTS AND 10 AGE-/SEX-MATCHED HEALTHY CONTROLS WAS ISOLATED FROM PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR (PBMC) CELLS, AND USED TO GENERATE REDUCED GENOME-SCALE DNA METHYLATION MAPS USING REDUCED REPRESENTATION BISULPHITE SEQUENCING (RRBS). THE SEQUENCING DATA WERE ANALYSED UTILISING THE DMAP ANALYSIS PIPELINE TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED FRAGMENTS, AND THE METHYLKIT PIPELINE WAS USED TO QUANTIFY METHYLATION DIFFERENCES AT INDIVIDUAL CPG SITES. DMAP IDENTIFIED 76 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED FRAGMENTS AND METHYLKIT IDENTIFIED 394 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CYTOSINES THAT INCLUDED BOTH HYPER- AND HYPO-METHYLATION. FOUR CLUSTERS WERE IDENTIFIED WHERE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED DNA FRAGMENTS OVERLAPPED WITH OR WERE WITHIN CLOSE PROXIMITY TO MULTIPLE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED INDIVIDUAL CYTOSINES. THESE CLUSTERS IDENTIFIED REGULATORY REGIONS FOR 17 PROTEIN ENCODING GENES RELATED TO METABOLIC AND IMMUNE ACTIVITY. ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED GENE BODIES (EXONS/INTRONS) IDENTIFIED 122 UNIQUE GENES. COMPARISON WITH OTHER STUDIES ON PBMCS FROM ME/CFS PATIENTS AND CONTROLS WITH ARRAY TECHNOLOGY SHOWED 59% OF THE GENES IDENTIFIED IN THIS STUDY WERE ALSO FOUND IN ONE OR MORE OF THESE STUDIES. FUNCTIONAL PATHWAY ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS IDENTIFIED 30 ASSOCIATED PATHWAYS. THESE INCLUDED IMMUNE, METABOLIC AND NEUROLOGICAL-RELATED FUNCTIONS DIFFERENTIALLY REGULATED IN ME/CFS PATIENTS COMPARED TO THE MATCHED HEALTHY CONTROLS. CONCLUSIONS: MAJOR DIFFERENCES WERE IDENTIFIED IN THE DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS OF ME/CFS PATIENTS THAT CLEARLY DISTINGUISHED THEM FROM THE HEALTHY CONTROLS. OVER HALF FOUND IN GENE BODIES WITH RRBS IN THIS STUDY HAD BEEN IDENTIFIED IN OTHER ME/CFS STUDIES USING THE SAME CELLS BUT WITH ARRAY TECHNOLOGY. WITHIN THE ENRICHED FUNCTIONAL IMMUNE, METABOLIC AND NEUROLOGICAL PATHWAYS, A NUMBER OF ENRICHED NEUROTRANSMITTER AND NEUROPEPTIDE REACTOME PATHWAYS HIGHLIGHTED A DISTURBED NEUROLOGICAL PATHOPHYSIOLOGY WITHIN THE PATIENT GROUP. 2020 11 6386 35 THE ROLE OF QUANTITATIVE NPTX2 HYPERMETHYLATION AS A NOVEL SERUM DIAGNOSTIC MARKER IN PANCREATIC CANCER. OBJECTIVES: THE MAJORITY OF PANCREATIC CANCERS ARE FOUND TO BE UNRESECTABLE, AND THE ONLY CHANCE FOR CURE LIES ON EARLY DETECTION AND COMPLETE RESECTION. SEVERAL GENES HAVE BEEN DISCOVERED TO BE ABERRANTLY METHYLATED IN PRIMARY PANCREATIC CANCER TISSUE, AND THIS CANCER DNA CAN BE DETECTED IN THE PLASMA. THE AIMS OF THIS STUDY WERE TO DEVELOP A NOVEL DIAGNOSTIC MARKER BASED ON EPIGENETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PANCREATIC CANCER. METHODS: WE ENROLLED 104 PATIENTS WITH PANCREATIC CANCER, 60 WITH CHRONIC PANCREATITIS, AND 5 WITH BENIGN BILIARY STONE DISEASES. THE BLOOD SAMPLES WERE COLLECTED BEFORE SURGERY OR ANY KINDS OF TREATMENT MODALITIES. DNA WAS EXTRACTED FROM THE PLASMA OF EACH PATIENT, AND NPTX2 (NEURONAL PENTRAXIN II) CPG ISLAND HYPERMETHYLATION WAS EXAMINED QUANTITATIVELY BY REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION. RESULTS: NPTX2 HYPERMETHYLATION LEVELS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER COMPARED WITH CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (P = 0.016). THE SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY WERE 80% AND 76%, RESPECTIVELY (CUTOFF = 0.015). NPTX2 GENE HYPERMETHYLATION LEVEL WAS SIGNIFICANTLY ELEVATED IN CORRELATION WITH HIGHER AMERICAN JOINT COMMITTEE ON CANCER STAGES. CONCLUSIONS: THE ABERRANTLY METHYLATED NPTX2 GENE MAY HELP TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN CHRONIC PANCREATITIS AND PANCREATIC CANCER WITH CONVENTIONAL DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS AND COULD BECOME A VALUABLE DIAGNOSTIC MARKER. 2012 12 93 32 A PILOT STUDY OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD DNA METHYLATION MODELS AS PREDICTORS OF KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS RADIOGRAPHIC PROGRESSION: DATA FROM THE OSTEOARTHRITIS INITIATIVE (OAI). KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS (OA) IS A LEADING CAUSE OF CHRONIC DISABILITY WORLDWIDE, BUT NO DIAGNOSTIC OR PROGNOSTIC BIOMARKERS ARE AVAILABLE. INCREASING EVIDENCE SUPPORTS EPIGENETIC DYSREGULATION AS A CONTRIBUTOR TO OA PATHOGENESIS. IN THIS PILOT STUDY, WE INVESTIGATED EPIGENETIC PATTERNS IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS (PBMCS) AS MODELS TO PREDICT FUTURE RADIOGRAPHIC PROGRESSION IN OA PATIENTS ENROLLED IN THE LONGITUDINAL OSTEOARTHRITIS INITIATIVE (OAI) STUDY. PBMC DNA WAS ANALYZED FROM BASELINE OAI VISITS IN 58 FUTURE RADIOGRAPHIC PROGRESSORS (JOINT SPACE NARROWING AT 24 MONTHS, SUSTAINED AT 48 MONTHS) COMPARED TO 58 NON-PROGRESSORS. DNA METHYLATION WAS QUANTIFIED VIA ILLUMINA MICROARRAYS AND BETA- AND M-VALUES WERE USED TO GENERATE LINEAR CLASSIFICATION MODELS. DATA WERE RANDOMLY SPLIT INTO A 60% DEVELOPMENT AND 40% VALIDATION SUBSETS, MODELS DEVELOPED AND TESTED, AND CROSS-VALIDATED IN A TOTAL OF 40 CYCLES. M-VALUE BASED MODELS OUTPERFORMED BETA-VALUE BASED MODELS (ROC-AUC 0.81 +/- 0.01 VS. 0.73 +/- 0.02, MEAN +/- SEM, COMPARISON P = 0.002), WITH A MEAN CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY OF 73 +/- 1% (MEAN +/- SEM) FOR M- AND 69 +/- 1% FOR BETA-BASED MODELS. ADJUSTING FOR COVARIATES DID NOT SIGNIFICANTLY ALTER MODEL PERFORMANCE. OUR FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT PBMC DNA METHYLATION-BASED MODELS MAY BE USEFUL AS BIOMARKERS OF OA PROGRESSION AND WARRANT ADDITIONAL EVALUATION IN LARGER PATIENT COHORTS. 2019 13 404 31 ANALYSIS OF EPIGENETIC AGE PREDICTORS IN PAIN-RELATED CONDITIONS. CHRONIC PAIN PREVALENCE IS HIGH WORLDWIDE AND INCREASES AT OLDER AGES. SIGNS OF PREMATURE AGING HAVE BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC PAIN, BUT FEW STUDIES HAVE INVESTIGATED AGING BIOMARKERS IN PAIN-RELATED CONDITIONS. A SET OF DNA METHYLATION (DNAM)-BASED ESTIMATES OF AGE, CALLED "EPIGENETIC CLOCKS," HAS BEEN PROPOSED AS BIOLOGICAL MEASURES OF AGE-RELATED ADVERSE PROCESSES, MORBIDITY, AND MORTALITY. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY IS TO ASSESS IF DIFFERENT PAIN-RELATED PHENOTYPES SHOW ALTERATIONS IN DNAM AGE. IN OUR ANALYSIS, WE CONSIDERED THREE COHORTS FOR WHICH WHOLE-BLOOD DNAM DATA WERE AVAILABLE: HEAT PAIN SENSITIVITY (HPS), INCLUDING 20 MONOZYGOTIC TWIN PAIRS DISCORDANT FOR HEAT PAIN TEMPERATURE THRESHOLD; FIBROMYALGIA (FM), INCLUDING 24 CASES AND 20 CONTROLS; AND HEADACHE, INCLUDING 22 CHRONIC MIGRAINE AND MEDICATION OVERUSE HEADACHE PATIENTS (MOH), 18 EPISODIC MIGRAINEURS (EM), AND 13 HEALTHY SUBJECTS. WE USED THE HORVATH'S EPIGENETIC AGE CALCULATOR TO OBTAIN DNAM-BASED ESTIMATES OF EPIGENETIC AGE, TELOMERE LENGTH, LEVELS OF 7 PROTEINS IN PLASMA, NUMBER OF SMOKED PACKS OF CIGARETTES PER YEAR, AND BLOOD CELL COUNTS. WE DID NOT FIND DIFFERENCES IN EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION, CALCULATED USING FIVE DIFFERENT EPIGENETIC CLOCKS, BETWEEN SUBJECTS DISCORDANT FOR PAIN-RELATED PHENOTYPES. TWINS WITH HIGH HPS HAD INCREASED CD8+ T CELL COUNTS (NOMINAL P = 0.028). HPS THRESHOLDS WERE NEGATIVELY ASSOCIATED WITH ESTIMATED LEVELS OF GDF15 (NOMINAL P = 0.008). FM PATIENTS SHOWED DECREASED NAIVE CD4+ T CELL COUNTS COMPARED WITH CONTROLS (NOMINAL P = 0.015). THE SEVERITY OF FM MANIFESTATIONS EXPRESSED THROUGH VARIOUS EVALUATION TESTS WAS ASSOCIATED WITH DECREASED LEVELS OF LEPTIN, SHORTER LENGTH OF TELOMERES, AND REDUCED CD8+ T AND NATURAL KILLER CELL COUNTS (NOMINAL P < 0.05), WHILE THE DURATION OF PAINFUL SYMPTOMS WAS POSITIVELY ASSOCIATED WITH TELOMERE LENGTH (NOMINAL P = 0.034). NO DIFFERENCES IN DNAM-BASED ESTIMATES WERE DETECTED FOR MOH OR EM COMPARED WITH CONTROLS. IN SUMMARY, OUR STUDY SUGGESTS THAT HPS, FM, AND MOH/EM DO NOT SHOW SIGNS OF EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION IN WHOLE BLOOD, WHILE HPS AND FM ARE ASSOCIATED WITH DNAM-BASED ESTIMATES OF IMMUNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS, PLASMA PROTEINS, AND TELOMERE LENGTH. FUTURE STUDIES SHOULD EXTEND THESE OBSERVATIONS IN LARGER COHORTS. 2020 14 5744 31 SMOKING-INDUCED EXPRESSION OF THE GPR15 GENE INDICATES ITS POTENTIAL ROLE IN CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY PATHOLOGIES. DESPITE THE DESCRIBED CLEAR EPIGENETIC EFFECTS OF SMOKING, THE EFFECT OF SMOKING ON GENOME-WIDE GENE EXPRESSION IN THE BLOOD IS OBSCURE. WE THEREFORE STUDIED THE SMOKING-INDUCED CHANGES IN THE GENE-EXPRESSION PROFILE OF THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD. RNA WAS EXTRACTED FROM THE WHOLE BLOOD OF 48 INDIVIDUALS WITH A DETAILED SMOKING HISTORY (24 NEVER-SMOKERS, 16 SMOKERS, AND 8 EX-SMOKERS). GENE-EXPRESSION PROFILES WERE EVALUATED WITH RNA SEQUENCING, AND RESULTS WERE ANALYZED SEPARATELY IN 24 MEN AND 24 WOMEN. IN THE MALE SMOKERS, 13 GENES WERE STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANTLY (FALSE-DISCOVERY RATE <0.1) DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED; IN FEMALE SMOKERS, 5 GENES. ALTHOUGH MOST OF THE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES WERE DIFFERENT BETWEEN THE MALE AND FEMALE SMOKERS, THE G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR 15 GENE (GPR15) WAS DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED IN BOTH MALE AND FEMALE SMOKERS COMPARED WITH NEVER-SMOKERS. ANALYSIS OF GPR15 METHYLATION IDENTIFIED SIGNIFICANTLY GREATER HYPOMETHYLATION IN SMOKERS COMPARED WITH THAT IN NEVER-SMOKERS. GPR15 IS THE CHEMOATTRACTANT RECEPTOR THAT REGULATES T-CELL MIGRATION AND IMMUNITY. UP-REGULATION OF GPR15 COULD EXPLAIN TO SOME EXTENT THE HEALTH HAZARDS OF SMOKING WITH REGARD TO CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES. 2015 15 1064 46 CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PROMOTER METHYLATION STATUS OF TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES IN CIRCULATING DNA OF PANCREATIC CANCER PATIENTS. INTRODUCTION: PANCREATIC DUCTAL ADENOCARCINOMA (PDAC) IS A VERY AGGRESSIVE CANCER. THERE ARE VARIOUS SUB-CELLULAR EVENTS (BOTH GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC) THAT GET DYSREGULATED LEADING TO TUMORIGENESIS. METHYLATION IN PROMOTERS OF TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES IS ONE OF THESE EPIGENETIC PHENOMENA CONTRIBUTING TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF CANCER. GENES ANALYZED FOR PROMOTER METHYLATION STATUS IN THIS STUDY NAMELY SPARC (SECRETED PROTEIN ACIDIC AND RICH IN CYSTEINE, UCHL1 (UBIQUITIN CARBOXY-TERMINAL HYDROLASE L1), NPTX2 (NEURONAL PENTRAXIN 2), PENK (PROENKEPHALIN) HAD BEEN STUDIED IN PANCREATIC CANCER, BUT THERE IS A NEED TO CHECK METHYLATION IN THESE GENES AS CIRCULATORY NON-INVASIVE MARKERS. THIS STUDY ANALYZED THE ABSOLUTE QUANTIFICATION OF METHYLATION LEVELS OF SPARC, UCHL1, PENK, AND NPTX2 GENES PROMOTERS IN PDAC PATIENTS AS WELL AS IN CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (CP) PATIENTS AND HEALTHY SUBJECTS (HC) AND EVALUATED ITS CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE IN PDAC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: THE STUDY INCLUDED 65 PDAC PATIENTS, 25 CP PATIENTS, AND 25 HEALTHY CONTROLS. DNA WAS EXTRACTED FROM THEIR PLASMA SAMPLES AND SUBSEQUENTLY GIVEN BISULFITE TREATMENT. ABSOLUTE QUANTIZATION OF METHYLATED AND UNMETHYLATED COPIES OF GENE PROMOTERS OF ALL THE FOUR GENES WAS PERFORMED USING REAL-TIME PCR (SYBR GREEN) BY THE STANDARD CURVE METHOD. METHYLATION LEVELS WERE EXPRESSED AS METHYLATION INDEX (MI) FOR EACH GENE IN EACH PATIENT. MI WAS CALCULATED FROM ABSOLUTE COPY NUMBERS AS FOLLOWS: MI-METHYLATED COPY NUMBER/METHYLATED COPY NUMBER + UNMETHYLATED COPY NUMBER). THESE INDICES WERE USED TO COMPARE GENE METHYLATION LEVELS WITHIN DIFFERENT GROUPS AND TO CORRELATE WITH CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL FEATURES AND SURVIVAL OF PANCREATIC CANCER PATIENTS. AN APPROPRIATE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS WAS APPLIED. RESULTS: METHYLATION INDICES FOR ALL THE FOUR GENES IN PDAC CASES WERE FOUND TO BE SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER AS COMPARED TO THAT IN HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS. SPARC MI VALUES WERE FOUND TO DIFFERENTIATE EARLY-STAGE PDAC PATIENTS FROM CP PATIENTS. PDAC PATIENTS WITH THE METASTASIZED DISEASE AND STAGE IV DISEASE WERE FOUND TO HAVE HIGH MI FOR THE SPARC GENE AS WELL AS FOR THE NPTX2 GENE, WHILE A HIGHER UCHL1 METHYLATION INDEX WAS FOUND TO CORRELATE WITH AN ADVANCED STAGE OF THE DISEASE. HIGHER MI VALUES FOR SPARC AND NPTX2 GENES WERE FOUND TO ASSOCIATE WITH POOR SURVIVAL IN PATIENTS WITH PDAC. CONCLUSION: METHYLATION LOAD IN THE FORM OF MI FOR EACH OF THE FOUR GENES ASSESSED IN PLASMA MAY EMERGE AS A NON-INVASIVE BIOMARKER TO DIFFERENTIATE PANCREATIC CANCER FROM HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS. BUT ONLY SPARC AND NPTX2 HYPERMETHYLATION WERE ABLE TO DISTINGUISH PANCREATIC CANCER FROM CHRONIC PANCREATITIS. ASSOCIATION OF ABERRANT METHYLATION IN SPARC AND NPTX2 GENE WITH METASTASIS AND POOR SURVIVAL OF PATIENTS SUGGEST THE ROLE OF METHYLATION IN THESE GENES AS PROGNOSTIC MARKERS. 2020 16 2418 40 EPIGENETIC SIGNATURE OF CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN IN HUMAN T CELLS. OBJECTIVE: DETERMINE IF CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN (LBP) IS ASSOCIATED WITH DNA METHYLATION SIGNATURES IN HUMAN T CELLS THAT WILL REVEAL NOVEL MECHANISMS AND POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS AND EXPLORE THE FEASIBILITY OF EPIGENETIC DIAGNOSTIC MARKERS FOR PAIN-RELATED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. METHODS: GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION ANALYSIS OF 850,000 CPG SITES IN WOMEN AND MEN WITH CHRONIC LBP AND PAIN-FREE CONTROLS WAS PERFORMED. T CELLS WERE ISOLATED (DISCOVERY COHORT, N = 32) AND USED TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPG SITES, AND GENE ONTOLOGIES AND MOLECULAR PATHWAYS WERE IDENTIFIED. A POLYGENIC DNA METHYLATION SCORE FOR LBP WAS GENERATED IN BOTH WOMEN AND MEN. VALIDATION WAS PERFORMED IN AN INDEPENDENT COHORT (VALIDATION COHORT, N = 63) OF CHRONIC LBP AND HEALTHY CONTROLS. RESULTS: ANALYSIS WITH THE DISCOVERY COHORT REVEALED A TOTAL OF 2,496 AND 419 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPGS IN WOMEN AND MEN, RESPECTIVELY. IN WOMEN, MOST OF THESE SITES WERE HYPOMETHYLATED AND ENRICHED IN GENES WITH FUNCTIONS IN THE EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX, IN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM (IE, CYTOKINES), OR IN EPIGENETIC PROCESSES. IN MEN, A UNIQUE CHRONIC LBP DNA METHYLATION SIGNATURE WAS IDENTIFIED CHARACTERIZED BY SIGNIFICANT ENRICHMENT FOR GENES FROM THE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX. SEX-SPECIFIC POLYGENIC DNA METHYLATION SCORES WERE GENERATED TO ESTIMATE THE PAIN STATUS OF EACH INDIVIDUAL AND CONFIRMED IN THE VALIDATION COHORT USING PYROSEQUENCING. CONCLUSION: THIS STUDY REVEALS SEX-SPECIFIC DNA METHYLATION SIGNATURES IN HUMAN T CELLS THAT DISCRIMINATES CHRONIC LBP PARTICIPANTS FROM HEALTHY CONTROLS. 2021 17 6460 29 TIME TO RELAPSE IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA AND DNA-METHYLATION-BASED BIOLOGICAL AGE. CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL) IS A MATURE B CELL NEOPLASM WITH A PREDILECTION FOR OLDER INDIVIDUALS. WHILE PREVIOUS STUDIES HAVE IDENTIFIED EPIGENETIC SIGNATURES ASSOCIATED WITH CLL, WHETHER AGE-RELATED DNA METHYLATION CHANGES MODULATE CLL RELAPSE REMAINS ELUSIVE. IN THIS STUDY, WE EXAMINED THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION AND TIME TO CLL RELAPSE IN A PUBLICLY AVAILABLE DATASET. DNA METHYLATION PROFILING OF 35 CLL PATIENTS PRIOR TO INITIATING CHEMOIMMUNOTHERAPY WAS PERFORMED USING THE INFINIUM HUMANMETHYLATION450 BEADCHIP. FOUR EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION METRICS (INTRINSIC EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION [IEAA], EXTRINSIC EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION [EEAA], PHENOAGE ACCELERATION [PHENOAA], AND GRIMAGE ACCELERATION [GRIMAA]) WERE ESTIMATED FROM BLOOD DNA METHYLATION LEVELS. LINEAR, QUANTILE, AND LOGISTIC REGRESSION AND RECEIVER OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC CURVE ANALYSES WERE CONDUCTED TO ASSESS THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN EACH EPIGENETIC AGE METRIC AND TIME TO CLL RELAPSE. EEAA (P = 0.011) AND PHENOAA (P = 0.046) WERE NEGATIVELY AND GRIMAA (P = 0.040) WAS POSITIVELY ASSOCIATED WITH TIME TO CLL RELAPSE. SIMULTANEOUS ASSESSMENT OF EEAA AND GRIMAA IN MALE PATIENTS DISTINGUISHED PATIENTS WHO RELAPSED EARLY FROM PATIENTS WHO RELAPSED LATER (P = 0.039). NO ASSOCIATIONS WERE OBSERVED WITH IEAA. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION PRIOR TO CHEMOIMMUNOTHERAPY INITIATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH TIME TO CLL RELAPSE. OUR RESULTS PROVIDE NOVEL INSIGHT INTO THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN AGE-RELATED DNA METHYLATION CHANGES AND CLL RELAPSE AND MAY SERVE HAS BIOMARKERS FOR TREATMENT RELAPSE, AND POTENTIALLY, TREATMENT SELECTION. 2023 18 972 28 CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE IS ASSOCIATED WITH EPIGENOME-WIDE DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION IN BAL LUNG CELLS. DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS IN CHRONIC PULMONARY OBSTRUCTIVE DISEASE (COPD) MIGHT OFFER NEW INSIGHTS INTO DISEASE PATHOGENESIS. TO ASSESS METHYLATION PROFILES IN THE MAIN COPD TARGET ORGAN, WE PERFORMED AN EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY ON BAL CELLS. BRONCHOSCOPIES WERE PERFORMED IN 18 SUBJECTS WITH COPD AND 15 CONTROL SUBJECTS (EX- AND CURRENT SMOKERS). DNA METHYLATION WAS MEASURED USING THE ILLUMINA METHYLATIONEPIC BEADCHIP KIT, COVERING MORE THAN 850,000 CPGS. DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED POSITIONS (DMPS) WERE EXAMINED FOR 1) ENRICHMENT IN PATHWAYS AND FUNCTIONAL GENE RELATIONSHIPS USING THE KYOTO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF GENES AND GENOMES AND GENE ONTOLOGY, 2) ACCELERATED AGING USING HORVATH'S EPIGENETIC CLOCK, 3) CORRELATION WITH GENE EXPRESSION, AND 4) COLOCALIZATION WITH GENETIC VARIATION. WE FOUND 1,155 BONFERRONI-SIGNIFICANT (P < 6.74 X 10(-8)) DMPS ASSOCIATED WITH COPD, MANY WITH LARGE EFFECT SIZES. FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS IDENTIFIED BIOLOGICALLY PLAUSIBLE PATHWAYS AND GENE RELATIONSHIPS, INCLUDING ENRICHMENT FOR TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR ACTIVITY. STRONG CORRELATION WAS FOUND BETWEEN DNA METHYLATION AND CHRONOLOGICAL AGE BUT NOT BETWEEN COPD AND ACCELERATED AGING. FOR 79 UNIQUE DMPS, DNA METHYLATION CORRELATED SIGNIFICANTLY WITH GENE EXPRESSION IN BAL CELLS. THIRTY-NINE PERCENT OF DMPS WERE COLOCALIZED WITH COPD-ASSOCIATED SNPS. TO THE BEST OF OUR KNOWLEDGE, THIS IS THE FIRST EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY OF COPD ON BAL CELLS, AND OUR ANALYSES REVEALED MANY DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION SITES. INTEGRATION WITH MRNA DATA SHOWED A STRONG FUNCTIONAL READOUT FOR RELEVANT GENES, IDENTIFYING SITES WHERE DNA METHYLATION MIGHT DIRECTLY AFFECT EXPRESSION. ALMOST HALF OF DMPS WERE COLOCATED WITH SNPS IDENTIFIED IN PREVIOUS GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES OF COPD, SUGGESTING JOINT GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC PATHWAYS RELATED TO DISEASE. 2022 19 2643 31 EPIGENOMIC ASSOCIATION ANALYSIS IDENTIFIES SMOKING-RELATED DNA METHYLATION SITES IN AFRICAN AMERICANS. CIGARETTE SMOKING IS AN ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTOR FOR MANY CHRONIC DISEASES, AND DISEASE RISK CAN OFTEN BE MANAGED BY SMOKING CONTROL. SMOKING CAN INDUCE CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR CHANGES, INCLUDING EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION, BUT THE SHORT- AND LONG-TERM EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS CAUSED BY CIGARETTE SMOKING AT THE GENE LEVEL HAVE NOT BEEN WELL UNDERSTOOD. RECENT STUDIES HAVE IDENTIFIED SMOKING-RELATED DNA METHYLATION (DNAM) SITES IN CAUCASIANS. TO DETERMINE WHETHER THE SAME DNAM SITES ASSOCIATE WITH SMOKING IN AFRICAN AMERICANS, AND TO IDENTIFY NOVEL SMOKING-RELATED DNAM SITES, WE CONDUCTED A METHYLOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY OF CIGARETTE SMOKING USING A DISCOVERY SAMPLE OF 972 AFRICAN AMERICANS, AND A REPLICATION SAMPLE OF 239 AFRICAN AMERICANS WITH TWO ARRAY-BASED METHODS. AMONG 15 DNAM SITES SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH SMOKING AFTER CORRECTION FOR MULTIPLE TESTING IN OUR DISCOVERY SAMPLE, 5 DNAM SITES ARE REPLICATED IN AN INDEPENDENT COHORT, AND 14 SITES IN THE REPLICATION SAMPLE HAVE EFFECTS IN THE SAME DIRECTION AS IN THE DISCOVERY SAMPLE. THE TOP TWO SMOKING-RELATED DNAM SITES IN F2RL3 (FACTOR II RECEPTOR-LIKE 3) AND GPR15 (G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR 15) OBSERVED IN AFRICAN AMERICANS ARE CONSISTENT WITH PREVIOUS FINDINGS IN CAUCASIANS. THE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN THE REPLICATED DNAM SITES AND SMOKING REMAIN SIGNIFICANT AFTER ADJUSTING FOR GENETIC BACKGROUND. DESPITE THE DISTINCT GENETIC BACKGROUND BETWEEN AFRICAN AMERICANS AND CAUCASIANS, THE DNAM FROM THE TWO ETHNIC GROUPS SHARES COMMON ASSOCIATIONS WITH CIGARETTE SMOKING, WHICH SUGGESTS A COMMON MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION INFLUENCED BY ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE. 2013 20 2759 41 EXPRESSION OF IL-17 AND ITS GENE PROMOTER METHYLATION STATUS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE PROGRESSION OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION. TO EXPLORE INTERLEUKIN-17 (IL-17) AND ITS EPIGENETIC REGULATION DURING THE PROGRESSION OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) INFECTION.A TOTAL OF 162 PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HBV INFECTION, INCLUDING 75 WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS B (CHB), 54 WITH HEPATITIS B-ASSOCIATED LIVER CIRRHOSIS AND 33 WITH HEPATITIS B-ASSOCIATED HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HBV-HCC), WERE ENROLLED IN THIS STUDY. THIRTY HEALTHY ADULTS OF THE SAME ETHNICITY WERE ENROLLED IN THE CONTROL GROUP. WHOLE VENOUS BLOOD WAS OBTAINED FROM THE PATIENTS AND NORMAL CONTROLS (N = 30). CLINICAL AND LABORATORY PARAMETERS WERE ASSESSED, AND WE PERFORMED ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY AND QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME PCR TO MEASURE THE SERUM LEVELS AND RELATIVE MRNA EXPRESSION OF IL-17, RESPECTIVELY. IL-17 PROMOTER METHYLATION IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS WAS ASSESSED BY METHYLATION-SPECIFIC PCR. WE ANALYZED THE SERUM AND MRNA LEVELS OF IL-17 AND IL-17 PROMOTER METHYLATION IN THE 4 GROUPS AS WELL AS THE EFFECT OF METHYLATION ON SERUM IL-17 LEVELS. CORRELATIONS BETWEEN THE IL-17 PROMOTER METHYLATION STATUS AND CLINICAL PARAMETERS WERE ANALYZED BY SPEARMAN CORRELATION ANALYSIS.COMPARED TO THE NORMAL CONTROL GROUP, THE PATIENT GROUPS EXHIBITED SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER SERUM AND RELATIVE MRNA LEVELS OF IL-17. THE METHYLATION DISTRIBUTION AMONG THE PATIENTS WAS SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER THAN THAT AMONG THE NORMAL CONTROLS (P < .05), WITH THE HBV-HCC GROUP SHOWING THE LOWEST IL-17 GENE METHYLATION FREQUENCY. THE AVERAGE IL-17 PROMOTER CG METHYLATION LEVEL WAS NEGATIVELY CORRELATED WITH IL-17 MRNA EXPRESSION (R = -0.39, P = .03), AND NEGATIVE CORRELATIONS BETWEEN IL-17 PROMOTER METHYLATION AND PROTHROMBIN TIME ACTIVITY (R = -0.585, P = .035), ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE (R = -0.522, P < .01), ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE (R = -0.315, P < .05), AND THE MODEL FOR END-STAGE LIVER DISEASE SCORE (R = -0.461, P < .05) WERE OBSERVED. IL-17 SERUM LEVELS IN THE METHYLATED-PROMOTER GROUPS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER THAN THOSE IN THE UNMETHYLATED-PROMOTER GROUPS.IL-17 EXPRESSION AND PROMOTER METHYLATION WERE ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC HBV INFECTION PROGRESSION, ESPECIALLY IN THE HBV-HCC GROUP. THE IL-17 PROMOTER STATUS MAY HELP CLINICIANS INITIATE THE CORRECT TREATMENT STRATEGY AT THE CHB STAGE. 2019