1  3867 87 JMJD3/H3K27ME3 EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION REGULATES TH17/TREG CELL DIFFERENTIATION IN ULCERATIVE COLITIS. ULCERATIVE COLITIS (UC) IS A CHRONIC NONSPECIFIC INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE CHARACTERIZED BY CHRONIC INFLAMMATION AND ULCERATION OF THE COLONIC MUCOSA, FREQUENT RELAPSE, AND CANCERIZATION THAT IS DIFFICULT TO CURE. IN RECENT YEARS, THE INCIDENCE OF UC HAS INCREASED. HOWEVER, ITS ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS ARE STILL NOT COMPLETELY CLEAR. IN THIS STUDY, DEXTRAN SODIUM SULFATE (DSS) WAS USED TO INDUCE THE MODEL, AND GSK-J1 AND DEXAMETHASONE WERE ADMINISTERED TO THE MICE. A VARIETY OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES, SUCH AS IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE, PCR AND CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION (CHIP), WERE USED TO EXAMINE JMJD3/H3K27ME3-MEDIATED REGULATION OF TH17/TREG CELL DIFFERENTIATION IN UC BY TARGETING HISTONE MODIFICATION. THIS STUDY WILL PROVIDE AN IMPORTANT THEORETICAL BASIS FOR UNDERSTANDING THE PATHOGENESIS AND POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS OF UC.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
2  5783 33 SPONTANEOUS AND TRANSGENIC RODENT MODELS OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (IBD) IS A MULTIFACTORIAL DISORDER WITH MANY DIFFERENT PUTATIVE INFLUENCES MEDIATING DISEASE ONSET, SEVERITY, PROGRESSION AND DIMINUTION. SPONTANEOUS NATURAL IBD IS CLASSICALLY EXPRESSED AS CROHN'S DISEASE (CD) AND ULCERATIVE COLITIS (UC) COMMONLY FOUND IN PRIMATES; LYMPHOPLASMOCYTIC ENTERITIS, EOSINOPHILIC GASTRITIS AND COLITIS, AND ULCERATIVE COLITIS WITH NEURONAL HYPERPLASIA IN DOGS; AND COLITIS IN HORSES. SPONTANEOUS INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE HAS BEEN NOTED IN A NUMBER OF RODENT MODELS WHICH DIFFER IN GENETIC STRAIN BACKGROUND, INDUCED MUTATION, MICROBIOTA INFLUENCES AND IMMUNOPATHOGENIC PATHWAYS. HISTOLOGICAL LESIONS IN CROHN'S DISEASE FEATURE NONCASEATING GRANULOMATOUS INFLAMMATION WHILE UC LESIONS TYPICALLY EXHIBIT ULCERATION, LAMINA PROPRIA INFLAMMATORY INFILTRATES AND LACK OF GRANULOMA DEVELOPMENT. INTESTINAL INFLAMMATION CAUSED BY CD AND UC IS ALSO ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED INCIDENCE OF INTESTINAL NEOPLASIA. TRANSGENIC MURINE MODELS HAVE DETERMINED UNDERLYING ETIOLOGICAL INFLUENCES AND APPROPRIATE THERAPEUTIC TARGETS IN IBD. THIS LITERATURE REVIEW WILL DISCUSS CURRENT OPINION AND FINDINGS IN SPONTANEOUS IBD, HIGHLIGHT SELECTED TRANSGENIC RODENT MODELS OF IBD AND DISCUSS THEIR RESPECTIVE PATHOGENIC MECHANISMS. IT IS VERY IMPORTANT TO PROVIDE ACCOMMODATION OF INDUCED PUTATIVE DEFICITS IN ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING AND TO ASSESS DISCOMFORT AND PAIN LEVELS IN THE FACE OF SIGNIFICANT MORBIDITY AND/OR MORTALITY IN THESE MODELS. EPIGENETIC, ENVIRONMENTAL (MICROBIOME, METABOLOME) AND NUTRITIONAL FACTORS ARE IMPORTANT IN IBD PATHOGENESIS, AND EVALUATING WAYS IN WHICH THEY INFLUENCE DISEASE EXPRESSION REPRESENT POTENTIAL INVESTIGATIVE APPROACHES WITH THE GREATEST POTENTIAL FOR NEW DISCOVERIES.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
3  5602 27 RORGAMMAT(+) HEMATOPOIETIC CELLS ARE NECESSARY FOR TUMOR CELL PROLIFERATION DURING COLITIS-ASSOCIATED TUMORIGENESIS IN MICE. COLORECTAL CANCER (CRC) IS ONE OF THE MOST COMMON TUMOR ENTITIES. IN PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES, THE DEVELOPMENT OF COLITIS-ASSOCIATED COLON CANCER IS CONSIDERED A DANGEROUS LONG-TERM COMPLICATION. IL-17A AND THE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR RETINOIC ACID RECEPTOR-RELATED ORPHAN RECEPTOR GAMMAT (RORGAMMAT) PLAY FUNDAMENTAL ROLES IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES; IN HUMAN STUDIES, WE DETECTED A DENSE INFILTRATION OF RORGAMMAT-DEPENDENT CD4(+) IL17A(+) T HELPER (TH)17 CELLS IN SPECIMENS OF CRC, ULCERATIVE COLITIS, AND ULCERATIVE COLITIS-ASSOCIATED COLORECTAL CANCER. HOWEVER, THE MECHANISTIC ROLE OF RORGAMMAT(+) HEMATOPOIETIC CELLS IN COLITIS-ASSOCIATED TUMORIGENESIS REMAINS UNCLEAR. TO INVESTIGATE COLITIS-ASSOCIATED COLON TUMORIGENESIS, WE CONDUCTED STUDIES IN THE AOM+DSS MOUSE MODEL THAT REVEALED THE IMPORTANCE OF RORGAMMAT FOR COLON TUMOR PROGRESSION. IN THE ABSENCE OF RORGAMMAT-DEPENDENT TH17 LYMPHOCYTES, MICE SHOWED SIGNS OF INTENSE CHRONIC COLITIS, BUT DEVELOPED SIGNIFICANTLY FEWER MACROSCOPIC TUMOR NODULES. THE REDUCTION OF TUMOR DEVELOPMENT IN RORGAMMAT(-/-) MICE WAS NOT DUE TO REDUCED COLON TUMOR INITIATION. HOWEVER, THE PROLIFERATION RATE OF TUMOR CELLS WAS REDUCED IN THE ABSENCE OF RORGAMMAT-DEPENDENT TH17 CELLS AND TUMOR CELLS SHOWED PRONOUNCED SIGNS OF SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED EPIGENETIC AND LYSOSOMAL CHANGES. THESE RESULTS INDICATE AN IMPORTANT ROLE FOR THE IMMUNOLOGICAL MILIEU IN COLITIS-ASSOCIATED CANCER, WHICH IS SHAPED IN-PART BY RORGAMMAT-DEPENDENT TH17 LYMPHOCYTES THAT SUPPORT CRC GROWTH.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
4  5864 30 SUPPRESSION OF ELF4 IN ULCERATIVE COLITIS PREDISPOSES HOST TO COLORECTAL CANCER. ULCERATIVE COLITIS (UC) IS A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE, CHARACTERIZED BY RELAPSING AND REMITTING COLON MUCOSAL INFLAMMATION. FOR PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM UC, A HIGHER RISK OF COLON CANCER HAS BEEN WIDELY RECOGNIZED. HERE, WE FOUND THAT ELF4 (-/-) MICE DEVELOPED COLON TUMORS WITH 3 CYCLES OF DEXTRAN SULFATE SODIUM SALT (DSS) TREATMENT ALONE. WE FURTHER SHOWED THAT ELF4 SUPPRESSION WAS PREVALENT IN BOTH PATIENTS WITH UC AND DSS-INDUCED MICE MODELS, AND THIS SUPPRESSION WAS CAUSED BY PROMOTER REGION METHYLATION. ELF4, UPON PARYLATION BY PARP1, TRANSCRIPTIONALLY REGULATED MULTIPLE DNA DAMAGE REPAIR MACHINERY COMPONENTS. CONSISTENTLY, ELF4 DEFICIENCY LEADS TO MORE SEVERE DNA DAMAGE BOTH IN VITRO AND IN VIVO. ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF MONTMORILLONITE POWDER CAN PREVENT THE REDUCTION OF ELF4 IN DSS-INDUCED COLITIS MODELS AND LOWER THE RISK OF COLON TUMOR DEVELOPMENT DURING AZOXYMETHANE (AOM) AND DSS INDUCED COLITIS-ASSOCIATED CANCER (CAC). THESE DATA PROVIDED ADDITIONAL MECHANISM OF CAC INITIATION AND SUPPORTED THE "EPIGENETIC PRIMING MODEL OF TUMOR INITIATION".	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
5  6746 25 WHOLE EXOME SEQUENCING OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS-ASSOCIATED COLORECTAL CANCER BASED ON NOVEL SOMATIC MUTATIONS IDENTIFIED IN CHINESE PATIENTS. BACKGROUND: CARCINOGENESIS IS A SEVERE CONSEQUENCE OF CHRONIC ULCERATIVE COLITIS. WE INVESTIGATED THE SOMATIC MUTATIONS AND PATHWAY ALTERATIONS IN ULCERATIVE COLITIS-ASSOCIATED COLORECTAL CANCER (CRC) IN CHINESE PATIENTS COMPARED WITH SPORADIC CRCS TO REVEAL POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS IN ULCERATIVE COLITIS-ASSOCIATED CRC. METHODS: WHOLE EXOME SEQUENCING WAS PERFORMED ON ARCHIVAL TUMOR TISSUES AND PAIRED ADJACENT NONDYSPLASTIC MUCOSA FROM 10 ULCERATIVE COLITIS-ASSOCIATED CRC PATIENTS AT A HIGH RISK OF CARCINOGENESIS. GENOMIC ALTERATION PROFILES FROM 223 PRIMARY CRCS FROM THE CANCER GENOME ATLAS SERVED AS SPORADIC CRC CONTROLS. A META-ANALYSIS WAS PERFORMED TO INVESTIGATE DIFFERENCES IN MAJOR GENETIC MUTATIONS BETWEEN ULCERATIVE COLITIS-ASSOCIATED AND CROHN'S DISEASE-ASSOCIATED CRCS. RESULTS: WE IDENTIFIED 44 NONSILENT RECURRENT SOMATIC MUTATIONS VIA WHOLE EXOME SEQUENCING, INCLUDING 25 DELETERIOUS MUTATIONS INVOLVED IN APOPTOSIS AND THE PI3K-AKT PATHWAY (COL6A3, FN1), AUTOPHAGY (ULK1), CELL ADHESION (PODXL, PTPRT, ZFHX4), AND EPIGENETIC REGULATION (ARID1A, NCOR2, KMT2D, NCOA6, MECP2, SUPT6H). IN TOTAL, 11 OF THE 25 MUTATED GENES SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERED BETWEEN ULCERATIVE COLITIS-ASSOCIATED CRC AND SPORADIC CRC (APC, APOB, MECP2, NCOR2, NTRK2, PODXL, RABGAP1, SIK3, SUPT6H, ULK1, USP48). SOMATIC TP53 MUTATIONS OCCURRED IN 33% OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS-ASSOCIATED CRCS. SUBSEQUENT META-ANALYSIS REVEALED DISTINCT MUTATION PROFILES FOR CROHN'S DISEASE- AND ULCERATIVE COLITIS-ASSOCIATED CRCS. MUTATIONS INVOLVING THE NF-KB PATHWAY AND EPIGENETIC REGULATION WERE MORE COMMON IN ULCERATIVE COLITIS-ASSOCIATED CRCS THAN IN SPORADIC CRCS. CONCLUSION: DISTINCT GENOMIC ALTERATION PROFILES OF DELETERIOUS SOMATIC MUTATIONS WERE FOUND IN ULCERATIVE COLITIS-ASSOCIATED AND SPORADIC CRCS. MUTATIONS OF EPIGENETIC REGULATORS, SUCH AS KMT2D AND NCOA6, WERE COMMON, SUGGESTING AN EPIGENETIC PATHOMECHANISM FOR COLITIS-ASSOCIATED CARCINOMA IN CHINESE PATIENTS.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
6  1099 27 COLONIC CARCINOGENESIS IN IBD: MOLECULAR EVENTS. PATIENTS WITH ULCERATIVE COLITIS (UC) AND CROHN'S DISEASE (CD) ARE AT INCREASED RISK OF DEVELOPING INTESTINAL CANCERS VIA MECHANISMS THAT REMAIN INCOMPLETELY UNDERSTOOD. SEVERAL EVIDENCES SUGGEST A CAUSAL LINK BETWEEN CHRONIC INFLAMMATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF CANCER IN THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. IN FACT, PATIENTS WITH UC ARE EXPOSED TO REPEATED EPISODES OF INFLAMMATION THAT PREDISPOSE TO VARIOUS TUMORIGENIC EVENTS AND THE SEQUENCE OF THESE EVENTS ARE DIFFERENT FROM THOSE THAT CONTRIBUTE TO DEVELOP A SPORADIC COLORECTAL CANCER. IN UC CARCINOGENESIS THE EARLY EVENTS ARE REPRESENTED BY DNA METHYLATION THAT PRODUCE AN INHIBITION OF ONCO-SUPPRESSOR GENES, MUTATION OF P53, ANEUPLOIDY AND MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY. HYPERMETHYLATION OF TUMOR SUPPRESSORS AND DNA MISMATCH REPAIR GENE PROMOTER REGIONS, IS AN EPIGENETIC MECHANISM OF GENE SILENCING THAT CONTRIBUTES TO TUMORIGENESIS AND MIGHT REPRESENT THE FIRST STEP IN INFLAMMATORY CARCINOGENESIS. P53 IS FREQUENTLY MUTATED IN THE EARLY STAGES OF UC-ASSOCIATED CANCER, IN 33-67% OF PATIENTS WITH DYSPLASIA AND IN 83-95% OF UC RELATED CANCER PATIENTS. MOREOVER, ANEUPLOIDY IS AN INDEPENDENT RISK FACTOR FOR FORTHCOMING CARCINOGENESIS IN UC FINALLY, THE INCONSISTENCY BETWEEN THE HIGH CUMULATIVE RATE OF DYSPLASIA IN UC AND THE RELATIVELY LOWER INCIDENCE OF INVASIVE CANCER RAISES THE QUESTION ABOUT THE MECHANISMS OF IMMUNOSURVEILLANCE THAT MAY PREVENT MALIGNANT PROGRESSION OF NEOPLASM IN THE COLON IN MOST CASES. CO-STIMULATORY MOLECULE CD80 UP-REGULATION IN COLONIC MUCOSA IN UC DYSPLASIA MAY BE ONE OF THESE MECHANISM.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
7  3536 23 IMMUNE CHROMATIN READER SP140 REGULATES MICROBIOTA AND RISK FOR INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (IBD) IS DRIVEN BY HOST GENETICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, INCLUDING COMMENSAL MICROORGANISMS. SPECKLED PROTEIN 140 (SP140) IS AN IMMUNE-RESTRICTED CHROMATIN "READER" THAT IS ASSOCIATED WITH CROHN'S DISEASE (CD), MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS), AND CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL). HOWEVER, THE DISEASE-CAUSING MECHANISMS OF SP140 REMAIN UNDEFINED. HERE, WE IDENTIFY AN IMMUNE-INTRINSIC ROLE FOR SP140 IN REGULATING PHAGOCYTIC DEFENSE RESPONSES TO PREVENT THE EXPANSION OF INFLAMMATORY BACTERIA. MICE HARBORING ALTERED MICROBIOTA DUE TO HEMATOPOIETIC SP140 DEFICIENCY EXHIBITED SEVERE COLITIS THAT WAS TRANSMISSIBLE UPON COHOUSING AND AMELIORATED WITH ANTIBIOTICS. LOSS OF SP140 RESULTS IN BLOOMS OF PROTEOBACTERIA, INCLUDING HELICOBACTER IN SP140(-/-) MICE AND ENTEROBACTERIACEAE IN HUMANS BEARING THE CD-ASSOCIATED SP140 LOSS-OF-FUNCTION VARIANT. PHAGOCYTES FROM PATIENTS WITH THE SP140 LOSS-OF-FUNCTION VARIANT AND SP140(-/-) MICE EXHIBITED ALTERED ANTIMICROBIAL DEFENSE PROGRAMS REQUIRED FOR CONTROL OF PATHOBIONTS. THUS, MUTATIONS WITHIN THIS EPIGENETIC READER MAY CONSTITUTE A PREDISPOSING EVENT IN HUMAN DISEASES PROVOKED BY MICROBIOTA.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
8  2875 30 FUNCTIONAL ROLE AND THERAPEUTIC TARGETING OF MICRORNAS IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES (IBD) ARE CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES, PRIMARILY CONSISTING OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS AND CROHN'S DISEASE. THE COMPLEX NATURE OF THE DISEASE, AS WELL AS THE LIMITED THERAPEUTIC OPTIONS CHARACTERIZED BY LOW EFFICIENCY AND MAJOR SIDE EFFECTS, HIGHLIGHTS THE IMPORTANCE OF DEVELOPING NOVEL STRATEGIES OF THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION IN IBD. SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI RELATED TO IBD ARE PRESENT ONLY IN A SMALL PERCENTAGE OF IBD PATIENTS, IMPLYING THAT EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS COULD INFLUENCE THE PATHOGENESIS OF THE DISEASE. MICRORNAS (MIRNAS) ARE SMALL NONCODING RNAS THAT REGULATE MULTIPLE MOLECULAR PATHWAYS INVOLVED IN IBD PATHOBIOLOGY. MIRNA INHIBITORS TARGETING THE IBD-ACTIVATED MIRNAS COULD HAVE THERAPEUTIC VALUE FOR IBD PATIENTS. THIS REVIEW PROVIDES AN OVERVIEW OF THE RECENT ADVANCES IN MIRNA BIOLOGY RELATED TO IBD PATHOGENESIS AND THE PHARMACOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF MIRNA-BASED THERAPEUTICS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
9  3765 30 INTEGRATIVE ANALYSIS OF TRANSCRIPTOMIC AND PROTEOMIC PROFILING IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE COLON BIOPSIES. BACKGROUND: CROHN'S DISEASE (CD) AND ULCERATIVE COLITIS (UC) ARE INTESTINAL CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS CHARACTERIZED BY ALTERED EPITHELIAL BARRIER FUNCTION AND TISSUE DAMAGE. DESPITE SIGNIFICANT EFFORTS TO UNDERSTANDING THE BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR GUT INFLAMMATION, THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CD AND UC REMAINS POORLY UNDERSTOOD. METHODS: TO HELP ELUCIDATE THE POTENTIAL MECHANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR GUT INFLAMMATION IN CD AND UC, TRANSCRIPTOMIC AND PROTEOMIC PROFILING OF HUMAN COLON BIOPSY SPECIMENS WAS PERFORMED. DYSREGULATED GENES AND PROTEINS IN DISEASE TISSUES COMPARED WITH NORMAL TISSUES WERE CHARACTERIZED FROM THE EXPRESSION PROFILES AND FURTHER SUBJECTED TO PATHWAY ANALYSIS TO IDENTIFY ALTERED BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND SIGNALING PATHWAYS. RESULTS: SAMPLE ANALYSIS SHOWED 4250 GENES WITH MATCHED PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND A WIDE RANGE OF CORRELATION OF RNA-PROTEIN ABUNDANCE ACROSS SAMPLES. PATHWAY ANALYSIS OF DYSREGULATED GENES AND PROTEINS IN CD AND UC SHOWED ALTERATIONS IN IMMUNE AND INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES, COMPLEMENT CASCADE, AND THE SUPPRESSION OF METABOLIC PROCESSES AND PPAR SIGNALING. IN CD, INCREASED T-HELPER CELL DIFFERENTIATION AND ELEVATED TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR AND JAK/STAT SIGNALING WERE OBSERVED. INTERESTINGLY, INCREASED MAPK SIGNALING WAS ONLY OBSERVED IN UC. WEIGHTED GENE CO-EXPRESSION NETWORK ANALYSIS SUGGESTED A POSSIBLE ROLE OF EPIGENETIC REGULATION IN UC. OF NOTE, A LARGE DISCREPANCY BETWEEN REGULATION OF RNA AND PROTEIN LEVELS IN INFLAMED COLON SAMPLES WAS DETECTED FOR PREVIOUSLY IDENTIFIED BIOMARKERS INCLUDING MMP14 AND LAMP1. CONCLUSIONS: WITH THE ANALYSIS OF DYSREGULATED GENES AND PATHWAYS, THE PRESENT STUDY UNRAVELS KEY MECHANISMS CONTRIBUTING TO CD AND UC PATHOGENESIS AND EMPHASIZES THAT INTEGRATIVE ANALYSIS OF MULTI-OMICS DATA SETS CAN PROVIDE MORE INSIGHT INTO UNDERSTANDING COMPLEX DISEASE MECHANISMS.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
10  4732 31 NOVEL BIOMARKERS FOR INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE AND COLORECTAL CANCER: AN INTERPLAY BETWEEN METABOLIC DYSREGULATION AND EXCESSIVE INFLAMMATION. PERSISTENT INFLAMMATION CAN TRIGGER ALTERED EPIGENETIC, INFLAMMATORY, AND BIOENERGETIC STATES. INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (IBD) IS AN IDIOPATHIC DISEASE CHARACTERIZED BY CHRONIC INFLAMMATION OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, WITH EVIDENCE OF SUBSEQUENT METABOLIC SYNDROME DISORDER. STUDIES HAVE DEMONSTRATED THAT AS MANY AS 42% OF PATIENTS WITH ULCERATIVE COLITIS (UC) WHO ARE FOUND TO HAVE HIGH-GRADE DYSPLASIA, EITHER ALREADY HAD COLORECTAL CANCER (CRC) OR DEVELOP IT WITHIN A SHORT TIME. THE PRESENCE OF LOW-GRADE DYSPLASIA IS ALSO PREDICTIVE OF CRC. MANY SIGNALING PATHWAYS ARE SHARED AMONG IBD AND CRC, INCLUDING CELL SURVIVAL, CELL PROLIFERATION, ANGIOGENESIS, AND INFLAMMATORY SIGNALING PATHWAYS. CURRENT IBD THERAPEUTICS TARGET A SMALL SUBSET OF MOLECULAR DRIVERS OF IBD, WITH MANY FOCUSED ON THE INFLAMMATORY ASPECT OF THE PATHWAYS. THUS, THERE IS A GREAT NEED TO IDENTIFY BIOMARKERS OF BOTH IBD AND CRC, THAT CAN BE PREDICTIVE OF THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY, DISEASE SEVERITY, AND PREDISPOSITION TO CRC. IN THIS STUDY, WE EXPLORED THE CHANGES IN BIOMARKERS SPECIFIC FOR INFLAMMATORY, METABOLIC, AND PROLIFERATIVE PATHWAYS, TO HELP DETERMINE THE RELEVANCE TO BOTH IBD AND CRC. OUR ANALYSIS DEMONSTRATED, FOR THE FIRST TIME IN IBD, THE LOSS OF THE TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN RAS ASSOCIATED FAMILY PROTEIN 1A (RASSF1A), VIA EPIGENETIC CHANGES, THE HYPERACTIVATION OF THE OBLIGATE KINASE OF THE NOD2 PATHOGEN RECOGNITION RECEPTOR (RECEPTOR INTERACTING PROTEIN KINASE 2 [RIPK2]), THE LOSS OF ACTIVATION OF THE METABOLIC KINASE, AMP ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE (AMPKALPHA1), AND, LASTLY, THE ACTIVATION OF THE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AND KINASE YES ASSOCIATED PROTEIN (YAP) KINASE, THAT IS INVOLVED IN PROLIFERATION OF CELLS. THE EXPRESSION AND ACTIVATION STATUS OF THESE FOUR ELEMENTS ARE MIRRORED IN IBD, CRC, AND IBD-CRC PATIENTS AND, IMPORTANTLY, IN MATCHED BLOOD AND BIOPSY SAMPLES. THE LATTER WOULD SUGGEST THAT BIOMARKER ANALYSIS CAN BE PERFORMED NON-INVASIVELY, TO UNDERSTAND IBD AND CRC, WITHOUT THE NEED FOR INVASIVE AND COSTLY ENDOSCOPIC ANALYSIS. THIS STUDY, FOR THE FIRST TIME, ILLUSTRATES THE NEED TO UNDERSTAND IBD OR CRC BEYOND AN INFLAMMATORY PERSPECTIVE AND THE VALUE OF THERAPEUTICS DIRECTED TO RESET ALTERED PROLIFERATIVE AND METABOLIC STATES WITHIN THE COLON. THE USE OF SUCH THERAPEUTICS MAY TRULY DRIVE PATIENTS INTO REMISSION.	2023	

11  4283 28 MICRORNA BIOMARKERS IN IBD-DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS AND PREDICTION OF COLITIS-ASSOCIATED CANCER. INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (IBD) INCLUDES CROHN'S DISEASE (CD) AND ULCERATIVE COLITIS (UC). THESE ARE CHRONIC AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES OF UNKNOWN ETIOLOGY AFFECTING THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. THE IBD POPULATION INCLUDES A HETEROGENEOUS GROUP OF PATIENTS WITH VARYING DISEASE COURSES REQUIRING PERSONALIZED TREATMENT PROTOCOLS. THE COMPLEXITY OF THE DISEASE OFTEN DELAYS THE DIAGNOSIS AND THE INITIATION OF APPROPRIATE TREATMENTS. IN A SUBSET OF PATIENTS, IBD LEADS TO COLITIS-ASSOCIATED CANCER (CAC). MICRORNAS ARE SINGLE-STRANDED REGULATORY NONCODING RNAS OF 18 TO 22 NUCLEOTIDES WITH PUTATIVE ROLES IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF IBD AND COLORECTAL CANCER. THEY HAVE BEEN EXPLORED AS BIOMARKERS AND THERAPEUTIC TARGETS. BOTH TISSUE-DERIVED AND CIRCULATING MICRORNAS HAVE EMERGED AS PROMISING BIOMARKERS IN THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS AND IN THE PROGNOSIS OF DISEASE SEVERITY OF IBD AS WELL AS PREDICTIVE BIOMARKERS IN DRUG RESISTANCE. IN ADDITION, KNOWLEDGE OF THE CELLULAR LOCALIZATION OF DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED MICRORNAS IS A PREREQUISITE FOR DECIPHERING THE BIOLOGICAL ROLE OF THESE IMPORTANT EPIGENETIC REGULATORS AND THE CELLULAR LOCALIZATION MAY EVEN CONTRIBUTE TO AN ALTERNATIVE REPERTOIRE OF BIOMARKERS. IN THIS REVIEW, WE DISCUSS FINDINGS BASED ON RT-QPCR, MICROARRAY PROFILING, NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING AND IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION OF MICRORNA BIOMARKERS IDENTIFIED IN THE CIRCULATION AND IN TISSUE BIOPSIES.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
12  3691 33 INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES: AN UPDATED OVERVIEW ON THE HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN INVOLVEMENT. INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES (IBDS) REPRESENT CHRONIC IDIOPATHIC DISORDERS, INCLUDING CROHN'S DISEASE (CD) AND ULCERATIVE COLITIS (UC), IN WHICH ONE OF THE TRIGGER FACTORS IS REPRESENTED BY ABERRANT IMMUNE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE INTESTINAL EPITHELIUM AND THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA. THE INVOLVEMENT OF HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS (HSPS) AS ETIOLOGICAL AND PATHOGENETIC FACTORS IS BECOMING OF INCREASING INTEREST. HSPS WERE FOUND TO BE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED IN THE INTESTINAL TISSUES AND SERA OF PATIENTS WITH CD AND UC. IT HAS BEEN SHOWN THAT HSPS CAN PLAY A DUAL ROLE IN THE DISEASE, DEPENDING ON THE STAGE OF PROGRESSION. THEY CAN SUPPORT THE INFLAMMATORY AND FIBROSIS PROCESS, BUT THEY CAN ALSO ACT AS PROTECTIVE FACTORS DURING DISEASE PROGRESSION OR BEFORE THE ONSET OF ONE OF THE WORST COMPLICATIONS OF IBD, COLORECTAL CANCER. FURTHERMORE, HSPS ARE ABLE TO MEDIATE THE INTERACTION BETWEEN THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA AND INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL CELLS. IN THIS WORK, WE DISCUSS THE INVOLVEMENT OF HSPS IN IBD CONSIDERING THEIR GENETIC, EPIGENETIC, IMMUNE AND MOLECULAR ROLES, REFERRING TO THE MOST RECENT WORKS PRESENT IN THE LITERATURE. WITH OUR REVIEW, WE WANT TO SHED LIGHT ON THE IMPORTANCE OF FURTHER EXPLORING THE ROLE OF HSPS, OR EVEN BETTER, THE ROLE OF THE MOLECULAR CHAPERONE SYSTEM (CS), IN IBD: VARIOUS MOLECULES OF THE CS INCLUDING HSPS MAY HAVE DIAGNOSTIC, PROGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL, PROMOTING THE CREATION OF NEW DRUGS THAT COULD OVERCOME THE SIDE-EFFECTS OF THE THERAPIES CURRENTLY USED.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
13  2233 31 EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS OF THE NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPA B SIGNALLING PATHWAY AND ITS IMPACT ON INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. BACKGROUND: INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (IBD) IS A MULTIFACTORIAL CONDITION INFLUENCED BY THE IMMUNE SYSTEM, THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA, ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS. GENETIC- AND ENVIRONMENT- INDUCED DYSREGULATION OF THE NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B (NF-KAPPAB) TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR PATHWAY HAS BEEN LINKED TO IBD PATHOGENESIS. OBJECTIVE: TO ASSESS THE CURRENT EVIDENCE IN RELATION TO THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE CLASSICAL AND ALTERNATIVE NF-KAPPAB PATHWAYS IN IBD AND TO DISCUSS THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS THAT IMPACT ON NF-KAPPAB FUNCTION. METHODS: A MEDLINE SEARCH FOR 'NF-KAPPAB/NF-KAPPAB', IN COMBINATION WITH TERMS INCLUDING 'INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE/IBD', 'INTESTINAL INFLAMMATION', 'CROHN'S DISEASE', 'ULCERATIVE COLITIS', 'COLITIS'; 'EPIGENETICS', 'DNA METHYLATION', 'HISTONES', 'MICRORNAS/MIRNAS' AND 'SHORT NON-CODING/LONG NON-CODING RNAS' WAS PERFORMED. RESULTS: BOTH NF-KAPPAB PATHWAYS CONTRIBUTE TO THE CHRONIC INFLAMMATION UNDERLYING IBD BY REGULATING THE INFLAMMATORY IMMUNE RESPONSES AND HOMEOSTASIS OF THE INTESTINAL EPITHELIUM (CLASSICAL PATHWAY) OR REGULATING BOWEL INFLAMMATION AND EPITHELIAL MICROFOLD (M) CELL FUNCTION (ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY). DNA METHYLATION IS A COMMON EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION IN INTESTINAL INFLAMMATION, INCLUDING NFKB1 AND RELA LOCI. CONVERSELY, LITTLE IS UNDERSTOOD REGARDING EPIGENETIC EFFECTS ON GENES ENCODING OTHER NF-KAPPAB SUBUNITS, PARTICULARLY THOSE OF THE ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY, AND IN THE CONTEXT OF IBD. HOWEVER, NF-KAPPAB INTERACTION WITH CHROMATIN MODIFIERS IS ALSO SEEN TO BE AN ESSENTIAL MECHANISM OF REGULATION OF DOWNSTREAM TARGET GENES RELEVANT TO NF-KAPPAB-MEDIATED INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES. CONCLUSION: FURTHER RESEARCH IS CLEARLY WARRANTED IN THIS AREA, AS UNDERSTANDING THE CELL-SPECIFIC REGULATION OF THE NF-KAPPAB PATHWAYS WILL BRING RESEARCHERS INTO A POSITION TO ACHIEVE MORE EFFICIENT STRATIFICATION OF IBD PATIENTS, AND MORE TARGETED AND EFFECTIVE CHOICE OF TREATMENT.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
14  5435 27 RELATIVE ROLE OF METHYLATOR AND TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PATHWAYS IN ULCERATIVE COLITIS-ASSOCIATED COLON CANCER. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC ULCERATIVE COLITIS (UC) IS ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASED COLORECTAL CANCER RISK WHICH MAY BE SECONDARY TO REPETITIVE MUCOSAL INJURY. BOTH EPIGENETIC METHYLATION AND THE CLASSIC ADENOMA-TO-CARCINOMA SEQUENCE HAVE BEEN IMPLICATED IN THIS MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION, BUT THE UNDERLYING MOLECULAR MECHANISMS REMAIN POORLY DEFINED. THIS STUDY COMPARES THE MOLECULAR CHARACTERISTICS OF COLITIS-ASSOCIATED AND COMMON COLORECTAL CANCERS. METHODS: NINETEEN PATIENTS WITH COLORECTAL ADENOCARCINOMAS ARISING WITHIN UC WERE MATCHED FOR AGE AND CANCER SITE WITH 54 PATIENTS WITH SPORADIC ADENOCARCINOMAS. TUMOR TISSUE WAS EXAMINED FOR BRAF MUTATIONS, CPG ISLAND METHYLATOR PHENOTYPE (CIMP), AND MLH1 PROMOTER METHYLATION. MUTATIONS OF KRAS AND P53 WERE ASSESSED BY SEQUENCING. RESULTS: PATIENT DEMOGRAPHICS WERE SIMILAR FOR THE TWO GROUPS. CIMP WAS OBSERVED IN 22% OF SPORADIC COLORECTAL CANCERS AND IN 5% OF UC CANCERS (P = 0.162). RATES OF BRAF MUTATION (4% VS 5%, P = 1.0), MLH1 METHYLATION (9% VERSUS 5%, P = 0.682), AND KRAS MUTATIONS (24% VERSUS 32%, P = 0.552) WERE SIMILAR BETWEEN THE GROUPS. HOWEVER, COLITIS-ASSOCIATED COLORECTAL CANCERS WERE MORE LIKELY TO HAVE A P53 MUTATION COMPARED TO SPORADIC ADENOCARCINOMAS (95% VERSUS 53%, P = 0.001). THE DOMINANT MUTATION FOR COLITIS-ASSOCIATED CANCERS WAS A MUTATION IN CODON 4, REPRESENTING HALF OF THE MUTATIONS. FURTHERMORE, COLITIS-ASSOCIATED CANCERS HAD A HIGHER RATE OF MUTATION IN CODON 8 (48% VERSUS 6%, P < 0.001) THAN SPORADIC COUNTERPARTS. CONCLUSIONS: UNLIKE OTHER INFLAMMATORY GASTROINTESTINAL CANCERS, COLITIS-ASSOCIATED COLORECTAL CANCERS DO NOT PREFERENTIALLY ARISE VIA A METHYLATOR PATHWAY WHEN COMPARED TO SPORADIC COLORECTAL CANCERS. CHROMOSOMAL INSTABILITY REMAINS AN IMPORTANT ETIOLOGY, BUT WITH A UNIQUE P53 FREQUENCY AND MUTATION PATTERN.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
15  4154 25 MECHANISTIC ROLES OF EPITHELIAL AND IMMUNE CELL SIGNALING DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF COLITIS-ASSOCIATED CANCER. TO DATE, SUBSTANTIAL EVIDENCE HAS SHOWN A SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES (IBD) AND DEVELOPMENT OF COLITIS-ASSOCIATED CANCER (CAC). THE INCIDENCE/PREVALENCE OF IBD IS HIGHER IN WESTERN COUNTRIES INCLUDING THE US, AUSTRALIA, AND THE UK. ALTHOUGH CAC DEVELOPMENT IS GENERALLY CHARACTERIZED BY STEPWISE ACCUMULATION OF GENETIC AS WELL AS EPIGENETIC CHANGES, PRECISE MECHANISMS OF HOW CHRONIC INFLAMMATION LEADS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF CAC ARE LARGELY UNKNOWN. PRECEDING INTESTINAL INFLAMMATION IS ONE OF THE MAJOR INFLUENTIAL FACTORS FOR CAC TUMORIGENESIS. MUCOSAL IMMUNE RESPONSES INCLUDING ACTIVATION OF ABERRANT SIGNALING PATHWAYS BOTH IN INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNE CELLS PLAY A PIVOTAL ROLE IN CAC. TUMOR PROGRESSION AND METASTASIS ARE SHAPED BY A TIGHTLY CONTROLLED TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT WHICH IS ORCHESTRATED BY SEVERAL IMMUNE CELLS AND STROMAL CELLS INCLUDING MACROPHAGES, NEUTROPHILS, DENDRITIC CELLS, MYELOID DERIVED SUPPRESSOR CELLS, T CELLS, AND MYOFIBROBLASTS. IN THIS ARTICLE, WE WILL DISCUSS THE CONTRIBUTING FACTORS OF EPITHELIAL AS WELL AS IMMUNE CELL SIGNALING IN INITIATION OF CAC TUMORIGENESIS AND MUCOSAL IMMUNE REGULATORY FACTORS IN THE COLONIC TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT. IN DEPTH UNDERSTANDING OF THESE FACTORS IS NECESSARY TO DEVELOP NOVEL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTI-CANCER THERAPIES FOR CAC IN THE NEAR FUTURE.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
16  5566 27 ROLE OF INFLAMMATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF COLORECTAL CANCER. CHRONIC INFLAMMATION CAN LEAD TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF MANY DISEASES, INCLUDING CANCER. INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (IBD) THAT INCLUDES BOTH ULCERATIVE COLITIS (UC) AND CROHNMP'S DISEASE (CD) ARE RISK FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF COLORECTAL CANCER (CRC). MANY CYTOKINES PRODUCED PRIMARILY BY THE GUT IMMUNE CELLS EITHER DURING OR IN RESPONSE TO LOCALIZED INFLAMMATION IN THE COLON AND RECTUM ARE KNOWN TO STIMULATE THE COMPLEX INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT CELL TYPES IN THE GUT ENVIRONMENT RESULTING IN ACUTE INFLAMMATION. SUBSEQUENTLY, CHRONIC INFLAMMATION, TOGETHER WITH GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES, HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO LEAD TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION OF CRC. VARIOUS CELL TYPES PRESENT IN THE COLON, SUCH AS ENTEROCYTES, PANETH CELLS, GOBLET CELLS, AND MACROPHAGES, EXPRESS RECEPTORS FOR INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AND RESPOND TO TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA (TNF-ALPHA), INTERLEUKIN-1 BETA (IL-1BETA), IL-6, AND OTHER CYTOKINES. AMONG THE SEVERAL CYTOKINES PRODUCED, TNF-ALPHA AND IL-1BETA ARE THE KEY PRO-INFLAMMATORY MOLECULES THAT PLAY CRITICAL ROLES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CRC. THE CURRENT REVIEW IS INTENDED TO CONSOLIDATE THE PUBLISHED FINDINGS TO FOCUS ON THE ROLE OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES, NAMELY TNF-ALPHA AND IL-1BETA, ON INFLAMMATION (AND THE ALTERED IMMUNE RESPONSE) IN THE GUT, TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THE DEVELOPMENT OF CRC IN IBD, USING VARIOUS EXPERIMENTAL MODEL SYSTEMS, PRECLINICAL AND CLINICAL STUDIES. MOREOVER, THIS REVIEW ALSO HIGHLIGHTS THE CURRENT THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES AVAILABLE (MONOTHERAPY AND COMBINATION THERAPY) TO ALLEVIATE THE SYMPTOMS OR TREAT INFLAMMATION-ASSOCIATED CRC BY USING MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES OR APTAMERS TO BLOCK PRO-INFLAMMATORY MOLECULES, INHIBITORS OF TYROSINE KINASES IN THE INFLAMMATORY SIGNALING CASCADE, COMPETITIVE INHIBITORS OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY MOLECULES, AND THE NUCLEIC ACID DRUGS LIKE SMALL ACTIVATING RNAS (SARNAS) OR MICRORNA (MIRNA) MIMICS TO ACTIVATE TUMOR SUPPRESSOR OR REPRESS ONCOGENE/PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE GENE EXPRESSION.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
17  1137 24 COMPREHENSIVE PHENOTYPING IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE: SEARCH FOR BIOMARKER ALGORITHMS IN THE TRANSKINGDOM INTERACTIONS CONTEXT. INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (IBD) IS THE MOST COMMON FORM OF INTESTINAL INFLAMMATION ASSOCIATED WITH A DYSREGULATED IMMUNE SYSTEM RESPONSE TO THE COMMENSAL MICROBIOTA IN A GENETICALLY SUSCEPTIBLE HOST. IBD INCLUDES ULCERATIVE COLITIS (UC) AND CROHN'S DISEASE (CD), BOTH OF WHICH ARE REMARKABLY HETEROGENEOUS IN THEIR CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND RESPONSE TO TREATMENT. THIS TRANSLATES INTO A NOTABLE DIAGNOSTIC CHALLENGE, ESPECIALLY IN UNDERDEVELOPED COUNTRIES WHERE IBD IS ON THE RISE AND ACCESS TO DIAGNOSIS OR TREATMENT IS NOT ALWAYS ACCESSIBLE FOR CHRONIC DISEASES. THE PRESENT WORK CHARACTERIZED, FOR THE FIRST TIME IN OUR REGION, EPIGENETIC BIOMARKERS AND GUT MICROBIAL PROFILES ASSOCIATED WITH UC AND CD PATIENTS IN THE BUENOS AIRES METROPOLITAN AREA AND REVEALED DIFFERENCES BETWEEN NON-IBD CONTROLS AND IBD PATIENTS. GENERAL METABOLIC FUNCTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THE GUT MICROBIOTA, AS WELL AS CORE MICROORGANISMS WITHIN GROUPS, WERE ALSO ANALYZED. ADDITIONALLY, THE GUT MICROBIOTA ANALYSIS WAS INTEGRATED WITH RELEVANT CLINICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND EPIGENETIC MARKERS CONSIDERED IN THE FOLLOW-UP OF PATIENTS WITH IBD, WITH THE AIM OF GENERATING MORE POWERFUL DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS TO DISCRIMINATE PHENOTYPES. OVERALL, OUR STUDY PROVIDES NEW INSIGHTS INTO DATA ANALYSIS ALGORITHMS TO PROMOTE COMPREHENSIVE PHENOTYPING TOOLS USING QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS IN A TRANSKINGDOM INTERACTIONS NETWORK CONTEXT.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
18  4293 27 MICRORNA PROFILING IN MUC2 KNOCKOUT MICE OF COLITIS-ASSOCIATED CANCER MODEL REVEALS EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS DURING CHRONIC COLITIS MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION. OUR PREVIOUS STUDIES HAVE DEMONSTRATED THAT GENETIC DELETION OF THE MUC2 GENE CAUSES COLORECTAL CANCERS IN MICE. THE CURRENT STUDY FURTHER SHOWED THAT AT THE EARLY STAGE (<3 MONTHS) THE MUC2 KNOCKOUT MICE SPONTANEOUSLY DEVELOPED CHRONIC INFLAMMATION IN COLON AND RECTUM, SIMILAR PATHOLOGICAL FEATURES AS HUMAN COLITIS; AND AT THE LATE STAGE (>3 MONTHS) THE MICE EXHIBITED COLORECTAL CANCER, INCLUDING A UNIQUE PHENOTYPE OF RECTAL PROLAPSED (RECTAL SEVERE INFLAMMATION AND ADENOCARCINOMA). THUS, THE AGE OF 3 MONTHS MIGHT BE THE KEY POINT OF THE TRANSITION FROM CHRONIC INFLAMMATION TO CANCER. TO DETERMINE THE MECHANISMS OF THE MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION, WE CONDUCTED MIRNA ARRAY ON THE COLONIC EPITHELIAL CELLS FROM THE 3-MONTH MUC2-/- AND +/+ MICE. MICRORNA PROFILING SHOWED DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF MIRNAS (I.E. LOWER OR HIGHER EXPRESSION ENRICHMENTS) IN MUC2-/- MICE. 15 OF THEM WERE VALIDATED BY QUANTITATIVE PCR. BASED ON RELEVANCE TO CYTOKINE AND CANCER, 4 MIRNAS (MIR-138, MIR-145, MIR-146A, AND MIR-150) WERE VALIDATE AND WERE FOUND SIGNIFICANTLY DOWNREGULATED IN HUMAN COLITIS AND COLORECTAL CANCER TISSUES. THE NETWORK OF THE TARGETS OF THESE MIRNAS WAS CHARACTERIZED, AND INTERESTEDLY, MIRNA-ASSOCIATED CYTOKINES WERE SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED IN MUC2-/-MICE. THIS IS THE FIRST TO REVEAL THE IMPORTANCE OF ABERRANT EXPRESSION OF MIRNAS IN DYNAMICALLY TRANSFORMATION FROM CHRONIC COLITIS TO COLITIS-ASSOCIATED CANCER. THESE FINDINGS SHED LIGHT ON REVEALING THE MECHANISMS OF CHRONIC COLITIS MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
19  5907 33 TARGET-BASED SMALL MOLECULE DRUG DISCOVERY TOWARDS NOVEL THERAPEUTICS FOR INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES. INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (IBD), INCLUDING ULCERATIVE COLITIS (UC) AND CROHN'S DISEASE (CD), IS A CLASS OF SEVERE AND CHRONIC DISEASES OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL (GI) TRACT WITH RECURRENT SYMPTOMS AND SIGNIFICANT MORBIDITY. LONG-TERM PERSISTENCE OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATION IN IBD IS A MAJOR CONTRIBUTING FACTOR TO NEOPLASTIC TRANSFORMATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF COLITIS-ASSOCIATED COLORECTAL CANCER. CONVERSELY, PERSISTENCE OF TRANSMURAL INFLAMMATION IN CD IS ASSOCIATED WITH FORMATION OF FIBROSING STRICTURES, RESULTING IN SUBSTANTIAL MORBIDITY. THE RECENT INTRODUCTION OF BIOLOGICAL RESPONSE MODIFIERS AS IBD THERAPIES, SUCH AS ANTIBODIES NEUTRALIZING TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR (TNF)-ALPHA, HAVE REPLACED NONSELECTIVE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY CORTICOSTEROIDS IN DISEASE MANAGEMENT. HOWEVER, A LARGE PROPORTION (~40%) OF PATIENTS WITH THE TREATMENT OF ANTI-TNF-ALPHA ANTIBODIES ARE DISCONTINUED OR WITHDRAWN FROM THERAPY BECAUSE OF (1) PRIMARY NONRESPONSE, (2) SECONDARY LOSS OF RESPONSE, (3) OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION, OR (4) ONSET OF CANCER. THEREFORE, THE DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL AND EFFECTIVE THERAPEUTICS TARGETING SPECIFIC SIGNALING PATHWAYS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF IBD IS URGENTLY NEEDED. IN THIS COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW, WE SUMMARIZE THE RECENT ADVANCES IN DRUG DISCOVERY OF NEW SMALL MOLECULES IN PRECLINICAL OR CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT FOR TREATING IBD THAT TARGET BIOLOGICALLY RELEVANT PATHWAYS IN MUCOSAL INFLAMMATION. THESE INCLUDE INTRACELLULAR ENZYMES (JANUS KINASES, RECEPTOR INTERACTING PROTEIN, PHOSPHODIESTERASE 4, IKAPPAB KINASE), INTEGRINS, G PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS (S1P, CCR9, CXCR4, CB2) AND INFLAMMASOME MEDIATORS (NLRP3), ETC. WE WILL ALSO DISCUSS EMERGING EVIDENCE OF A DISTINCT MECHANISM OF ACTION, BROMODOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 4, AN EPIGENETIC REGULATOR OF PATHWAYS INVOLVED IN THE ACTIVATION, COMMUNICATION, AND TRAFFICKING OF IMMUNE CELLS. WE HIGHLIGHT THEIR CHEMOTYPES, MODE OF ACTIONS, STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS, CHARACTERIZATIONS, AND THEIR IN VITRO/IN VIVO ACTIVITIES AND THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL. THE PERSPECTIVES ON THE RELEVANT CHALLENGES, NEW OPPORTUNITIES, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN THIS FIELD ARE ALSO DISCUSSED.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
20  4933 24 PATERNAL CHRONIC COLITIS CAUSES EPIGENETIC INHERITANCE OF SUSCEPTIBILITY TO COLITIS. INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (IBD) ARISES BY UNKNOWN ENVIRONMENTAL TRIGGERS IN GENETICALLY SUSCEPTIBLE INDIVIDUALS. EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION MAY INTEGRATE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL INFLUENCES AND MAY THEREBY MODULATE DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY. EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION MAY ALSO AFFECT THE GERM-LINE AND IN CERTAIN CONTEXTS CAN BE INHERITED TO OFFSPRING. THIS STUDY INVESTIGATES EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS CONSEQUENT TO EXPERIMENTAL MURINE COLITIS INDUCED BY DEXTRAN SODIUM SULPHATE (DSS), AND THEIR PATERNAL TRANSMISSION TO OFFSPRING. GENOME-WIDE METHYLOME- AND TRANSCRIPTOME-PROFILING OF INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL CELLS (IECS) AND SPERM CELLS OF MALES OF THE F0 GENERATION, WHICH RECEIVED EITHER DSS AND CONSEQUENTLY DEVELOPED COLITIS (F0(DSS)), OR NON-SUPPLEMENTED TAP WATER (F0(CTRL)) AND HENCE REMAINED HEALTHY, AND OF THEIR F1 OFFSPRING WAS PERFORMED USING REDUCED REPRESENTATION BISULFITE SEQUENCING (RRBS) AND RNA-SEQUENCING (RNA-SEQ), RESPECTIVELY. OFFSPRING OF F0(DSS) MALES EXHIBITED ABERRANT METHYLATION AND EXPRESSION PATTERNS OF MULTIPLE GENES, INCLUDING IGF1R AND NR4A2, WHICH ARE INVOLVED IN ENERGY METABOLISM. IMPORTANTLY, DSS COLITIS IN F0(DSS) MICE WAS ASSOCIATED WITH DECREASED BODY WEIGHT AT BASELINE OF THEIR F1 OFFSPRING, AND THESE F1 MICE EXHIBITED INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DSS-INDUCED COLITIS COMPARED TO OFFSPRING FROM F0(CTRL) MALES. THIS STUDY HENCE DEMONSTRATES EPIGENETIC TRANSMISSIBILITY OF METABOLIC AND INFLAMMATORY TRAITS RESULTING FROM EXPERIMENTAL COLITIS.	2016