1  6096 215 THE EFFECTS OF STRESS AND MEDITATION ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM, HUMAN MICROBIOTA, AND EPIGENETICS. CONTEXT * GLOBALLY, MORE THAN 25% OF INDIVIDUALS ARE AFFECTED BY ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION DISORDERS. MEDITATION IS GAINING POPULARITY IN CLINICAL SETTINGS AND ITS TREATMENT EFFICACY IS BEING STUDIED FOR A WIDE ARRAY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL AILMENTS. AN EXPLORATION OF STRESS PHYSIOLOGY IS AN ESSENTIAL PRECURSOR TO DELINEATION OF THE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF MEDITATION PRACTICES. OBJECTIVE * THE REVIEW OUTLINES A MODEL OF INTERCONNECTED PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES THAT MIGHT SUPPORT THE CONTINUED INCLUSION AND EXPANSION OF MEDITATION IN THE TREATMENT OF DIVERSE MEDICAL CONDITIONS AND TO INVESTIGATE THE ROLE THAT GUT MICROBIOTA MAY PLAY IN REALIZING WELL-BEING THROUGH MEDITATION. DESIGN * THE AUTHORS CONDUCTED A SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE DATABASE SEARCH WITH THE GOAL OF REVIEWING THE LINK BETWEEN STRESS MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES AND HUMAN MICROBIOTA. THEIR GOAL WAS ALSO TO IDENTIFY THE EXTENT OF UNDERLYING EPIGENETIC REACTIONS IN THESE PROCESSES. THE REVIEW WAS COMPLETED IN APPROXIMATELY 2 Y. DATABASES SEARCHED INCLUDED MEDLINE VIA PUBMED AND OVID, PSYCINFO VIA OVID, SPINET, PROQUEST CENTRAL, SAGE RESEARCH METHODS ONLINE, CINAHL PLUS WITH FULL TEXT, SCIENCE DIRECT, SPRINGER LINK, AND WILEY ONLINE LIBRARY. KEYWORDS SEARCHED INCLUDED, BUT WERE NOT LIMITED TO, STRESS, MEDITATION, MINDFULNESS, IMMUNE SYSTEM, HPA AXIS, SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM, PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM, MICROBIOTA, MICROBIOME, GUT-BARRIER FUNCTION, LEAKY GUT, VAGUS NERVE, PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGY, EPIGENETIC, AND NF-KAPPAB. SETTING * THE STUDY TOOK PLACE AT NEW YORK UNIVERSITY (NEW YORK, NY, USA), THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO (LA JOLLA, CA, USA), AND THE CHOPRA FOUNDATION (CARLSBAD, CA, USA). RESULTS * PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS TYPICALLY TRIGGERS A FIGHT-OR-FLIGHT RESPONSE, PROMPTING CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE AND CATECHOLAMINE PRODUCTION IN VARIOUS PARTS OF THE BODY, WHICH ULTIMATELY DISTURBS THE MICROBIOTA. IN THE ABSENCE OF STRESS, A HEALTHY MICROBIOTA PRODUCES SHORT-CHAIN FATTY ACIDS THAT EXERT ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTITUMOR EFFECTS. DURING STRESS, AN ALTERED GUT MICROBIAL POPULATION AFFECTS THE REGULATION OF NEUROTRANSMITTERS MEDIATED BY THE MICROBIOME AND GUT BARRIER FUNCTION. MEDITATION HELPS REGULATE THE STRESS RESPONSE, THEREBY SUPPRESSING CHRONIC INFLAMMATION STATES AND MAINTAINING A HEALTHY GUT-BARRIER FUNCTION. CONCLUSIONS * THE CURRENT RESEARCH TEAM RECOMMENDS THE INTEGRATION OF MEDITATION INTO CONVENTIONAL HEALTH CARE AND WELLNESS MODELS. CONCURRENTLY, STUDIES TO EXPLORE THE EFFECTS OF MEDITATION ON HUMAN MICROBIOTA ARE WARRANTED.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
2  1517  35 DNA METHYLATION AS A MEDIATOR OF ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN THE ENVIRONMENT AND CHRONIC DISEASES: A SCOPING REVIEW ON APPLICATION OF MEDIATION ANALYSIS. DNA METHYLATION (DNAM) IS ONE OF THE MOST STUDIED EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS. DNAM HAS EMERGED AS A KEY BIOLOGICAL MECHANISM AND BIOMARKERS TO TEST ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE AND OUTCOMES IN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES. ALTHOUGH PREVIOUS STUDIES HAVE FOCUSED ON ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN DNAM AND EITHER EXPOSURE/OUTCOMES, IT IS USEFUL TO TEST FOR MEDIATION OF THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN EXPOSURE AND OUTCOME BY DNAM. THE PURPOSE OF THIS SCOPING REVIEW IS TO INTRODUCE THE METHODOLOGICAL ESSENCE OF STATISTICAL MEDIATION ANALYSIS AND TO EXAMINE EMERGING EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RESEARCH APPLYING MEDIATION ANALYSES. WE CONDUCTED THIS SCOPING REVIEW FOR PUBLISHED PEER-REVIEWED JOURNALS ON THIS TOPIC USING ONLINE DATABASES (PUBMED, SCOPUS, COCHRANE, AND CINAHL) ENDING IN DECEMBER 2020. WE EXTRACTED A TOTAL OF 219 ARTICLES BY INITIAL SCREENING. AFTER REVIEWING TITLES, ABSTRACTS, AND FULL TEXTS, A TOTAL OF 69 ARTICLES WERE ELIGIBLE FOR THIS REVIEW. THE BREAKDOWN OF STUDIES ASSIGNED TO EACH CATEGORY WAS 13 FOR SMOKING (18.8%), 8 FOR DIETARY INTAKE AND FAMINE (11.6%), 6 FOR OTHER LIFESTYLE FACTORS (8.7%), 8 FOR CLINICAL ENDPOINTS (11.6%), 22 FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL EXPOSURES (31.9%), 2 FOR SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS (SES) (2.9%), AND 10 FOR GENETIC FACTORS AND RACE (14.5%). IN THIS REVIEW, WE PROVIDE AN EXPOSURE-WIDE SUMMARY FOR THE MEDIATION ANALYSIS USING DNAM LEVELS. HOWEVER, WE FOUND HETEROGENOUS METHODS AND INTERPRETATIONS IN MEDIATION ANALYSIS WITH TYPICAL ISSUES SUCH AS DIFFERENT CELL COMPOSITIONS AND TISSUE-SPECIFICITY. FURTHER ACCUMULATION OF EVIDENCE WITH DIVERSE EXPOSURES, POPULATIONS AND WITH RIGOROUS METHODOLOGY WILL BE EXPECTED TO PROVIDE FURTHER INSIGHT IN THE ROLE OF DNAM IN DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
3  2585  52 EPIGENETICS OF OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. STUDY OBJECTIVES: OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA (OSA) IS A CHRONIC AND WIDELY PREVALENT DISEASE ASSOCIATED WITH MULTIPLE HEALTH DISORDERS. CURRENT DIAGNOSTIC STRATEGIES FOR OSA ARE LIMITED BECAUSE OF COST, TIME, AND ACCESS. EPIGENETIC SIGNATURES OFFER INSIGHT INTO THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN DISEASE AND ENVIRONMENT AND COULD PLAY A SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN DEVELOPING BOTH DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC TOOLS FOR OSA. IN THE CURRENT STUDY, A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE SEARCH WAS CONDUCTED TO INVESTIGATE THE EXISTING EVIDENCE OF OSA-ASSOCIATED EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS. METHODS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE SEARCH WAS PERFORMED USING ELECTRONIC ACADEMIC DATABASES INCLUDING PUBMED, CINAHL, SCOPUS, EMBASE, EBM REVIEWS, AND WEB OF SCIENCE. HOWEVER, THE CURRENT STUDY FOCUSED ON SCREENING FOR ORIGINAL, ENGLISH-LANGUAGE ARTICLES PERTAINING TO OSA AND ASSOCIATED EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. TO PRODUCE UNBIASED RESULTS, SCREENING WAS PERFORMED INDEPENDENTLY BY AUTHORS. RESULTS: WE IDENTIFIED 2,944 PUBLICATIONS IN OUR SYSTEMATIC SEARCH. AMONG THEM, 65 RESEARCH ARTICLES WERE RELATED TO OS A-ASSOCIATED DIFFERENTIAL GENE EXPRESSION, GENETIC VARIATION, AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS. ALTHOUGH THESE 65 ARTICLES WERE CONSIDERED FOR FULL MANUSCRIPT REVIEW, ONLY 12 ARTICLES MET THE CRITERIA OF OSA-ASSOCIATED EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN HUMAN AND ANIMAL MODELS. HUMAN PATIENTS WITH OSA HAD UNIQUE EPIGENETIC CHANGES COMPARED TO HEALTHY CONTROL PATIENTS AND, INTERESTINGLY, EPIGENETIC SIGNATURES WERE COMMONLY IDENTIFIED IN GENES ASSOCIATED WITH METABOLIC AND INFLAMMATORY PATHWAYS. CONCLUSIONS: ALTHOUGH THE AVAILABLE STUDIES ARE LIMITED, THIS RESEARCH PROVIDES NOVEL INSIGHTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF EPIGENETIC MARKERS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF OSA. THOROUGH GENOME-WIDE INVESTIGATIONS WILL BE REQUIRED TO DEVELOP COST-EFFECTIVE, ROBUST BIOMARKERS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF OSA AMONG CHILDREN AND ADULTS. HERE, WE OFFER A STUDY DESIGN FOR SUCH EFFORTS. CITATION: LEADER BA, KORITALA BSC, MOORE CA, DEAN EG, KOTTYAN LC, SMITH DF. EPIGENETICS OF OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. J CLIN SLEEP MED. 2021;17(12):2533-2541.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
4  4607  39 NEIGHBORHOOD ENVIRONMENT AND DNA METHYLATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK. EXPOSURE TO CHRONIC STRESS SUCH AS LIVING IN DISADVANTAGED NEIGHBORHOODS HAS BEEN RELATED TO CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CVD). CHRONIC STRESS MAY INCREASE THE RISK FOR CVD BY INCREASING LEVELS OF SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION (E.G., HIGHER LEVELS OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES). DIFFERENTIAL DNA METHYLATION OF INFLAMMATION-RELATED CANDIDATE GENES IS ALSO RELATED TO HIGHER RISK FOR CVD. THUS, THE PURPOSE OF THIS REVIEW WAS TO EXAMINE THE ASSOCIATION OF NEIGHBORHOOD DISADVANTAGE WITH DNA METHYLATION. A SEARCH OF LITERATURE WAS CONDUCTED USING SCOPUS, CINAHL, PUBMED, MEDLINE, AND EMBASE DATABASES. THE KEYWORDS NEIGHBORHOOD, NEIGHBORHOOD DISORDER, NEIGHBORHOOD CRIME, NEIGHBORHOOD VIOLENCE, NEIGHBORHOOD SAFETY, BUILT ENVIRONMENT, AND HOUSING VACANCY WERE COMBINED WITH THE KEYWORDS DNA METHYLATION AND EPIGENETICS. FIVE STUDIES WERE INCLUDED IN THIS REVIEW (N = 3 ADULT BLOOD SAMPLES AND N = 2 FETAL BLOOD SAMPLES). FOUR OF THE FIVE STUDIES REPORTED AN ASSOCIATION OF NEIGHBORHOOD SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT, AND CRIME WITH EITHER GLOBAL OR GENE-SPECIFIC DNA METHYLATION. ONLY TWO STUDIES EXAMINED THE ASSOCIATION OF NEIGHBORHOOD DISADVANTAGE WITH INFLAMMATION-RELATED CANDIDATE GENES. ONE OF THESE STUDIES FOUND A SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATION OF NEIGHBORHOOD SOCIOECONOMIC DISADVANTAGE AND SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT WITH DNA METHYLATION IN INFLAMMATION-RELATED CANDIDATE GENES. THUS, DATA ARE LIMITED ON THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN NEIGHBORHOOD DISADVANTAGE AND DNA METHYLATION OF INFLAMMATION-RELATED CANDIDATE GENES, AS WELL AS GENES IN OTHER POTENTIAL MECHANISTIC PATHWAYS INCLUDING PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS, TOXIN RESPONSE, AND ADIPOSITY. FUTURE STUDIES SHOULD EXAMINE THESE ASSOCIATIONS AND THE POTENTIAL EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS BY WHICH NEIGHBORHOOD DISADVANTAGE INCREASES THE RISK FOR CVD.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
5  2646  44 EPIGENOMIC LINKS BETWEEN SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH AND SYMPTOMS: A SCOPING REVIEW. SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH (SDOH) IMPACT HEALTH AND WELLNESS. THE LINK BETWEEN SDOH AND ADVERSE HEALTH OUTCOMES, INCLUDING SYMPTOM OCCURRENCE AND SEVERITY, MAY BE EXPLAINED BY AN INDIVIDUAL'S PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSE TO ONE OR MORE SDOH. ONE POTENTIAL MECHANISM UNDERLYING THIS PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSE LINKING SDOH AND SYMPTOMS IS THE DYNAMIC EPIGENOME. THE PURPOSE OF THIS SCOPING REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE WAS TO EXAMINE DIFFERENTIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY FOR SYMPTOMS BY IDENTIFYING AND SUMMARIZING RESEARCH LINKING SDOH AND SYMPTOMS THROUGH EPIGENOMIC MECHANISMS. PUBMED WAS SEARCHED TO IDENTIFY EMPIRICAL RESEARCH WHERE AT LEAST ONE SDOH WAS AN INDEPENDENT OR DEPENDENT VARIABLE, AT LEAST ONE SYMPTOM WAS INVESTIGATED, AND THE INVESTIGATION INCLUDED AN EPIGENOMIC MEASURE. OF THE 484 ARTICLES INITIALLY RETRIEVED, AFTER THOROUGH VETTING, 41 ARTICLES MET ELIGIBILITY. THE MOST STUDIED SYMPTOM WAS DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS FOLLOWED BY ANXIETY, COGNITIVE FUNCTION, SLEEP DYSFUNCTION, AND PAIN. THE MOST FREQUENTLY STUDIED SDOH WERE: 1) STRESS, PARTICULARLY EARLY LIFE STRESS AND ACCULTURATIVE STRESS; AND 2) TRAUMA, PREDOMINANTLY CHILDHOOD TRAUMA. DNA METHYLATION AND TELOMERE LENGTH WERE THE MOST STUDIED EPIGENOMIC MEASURES. FOUR GENES (SLC6A4, BDNF, NR3C1, OXTR) HAD EVIDENCE FROM MULTIPLE STUDIES AND ACROSS METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES LINKING SDOH TO SYMPTOMS. THIS REVIEW SUPPORTS THE INCLUSION OF EPIGENOMIC APPROACHES TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THE LINK BETWEEN SDOH AND SYMPTOMS AND PROVIDES EVIDENCE THAT SDOH IMPACT TELOMERE LENGTH AND THE METHYLATION OF GENES INVOLVED IN NEUROTRANSMITTER SIGNALING, NEURONAL SURVIVAL, BEHAVIOR, INFLAMMATION AND STRESS RESPONSE.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
6   455  44 APPLICATIONS OF YOGA IN ORAL ONCOLOGY: A SYSTEMATIC SCOPING REVIEW. BACKGROUND AND AIMS: YOGA IS WELL-THOUGHT-OUT AS AN ALL-INCLUSIVE APPROACH GLOBALLY AND CAN BE ADMINISTERED IN CLINICAL CARE AS AN INTEGRATIVE OR ALTERNATE APPROACH TO REGULAR TREATMENT. YOGA EXERCISE HAS BEEN DISCLOSED TO INFLUENCE REMISSION FROM CANCER CELLS OVER A LONG PERIOD OF TIME AND ALSO REVERSES EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS. APPLICATIONS OF YOGA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ORAL ONCOLOGY PATIENTS ARE SCARCE, HENCE THE NEED FOR A SCOPING REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE. HENCE, THIS STUDY AIMED TO CONDUCT A SCOPING REVIEW OF THE EXISTING EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE ON THE APPLICATIONS OF YOGA IN ORAL ONCOLOGY. METHODS: THE REVIEW METHODOLOGY WAS INFORMED BY JOANNA BRIGG'S INSTITUTE GUIDELINES FOR SYSTEMATIC SCOPING REVIEWS, AND THE REVIEW WAS REPORTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PREFERRED REPORTING ITEMS FOR SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS AND META-ANALYSES EXTENSION FOR SCOPING REVIEWS. TEN DATABASES WERE SEARCHED. THE RECORDS OF ALL THE LITERATURE RETRIEVED FROM THE SEARCH WERE IMPORTED INTO THE RAYYAN SOFTWARE FOR DEDUPLICATION. AFTER THE FULL-TEXT SCREENING, ONLY TWO WERE FOUND ELIGIBLE FOR INCLUSION IN THE SCOPING REVIEW. DATA OBTAINED IN THE INCLUDED LITERATURE WERE EXTRACTED AND SYNTHESIZED. RESULTS: THIS REVIEW FOUND THAT YOGA WAS NOT SIGNIFICANTLY EFFECTIVE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF STRESS AMONG ORAL CANCER PATIENTS (P-VALUES > 0.04). HOWEVER, IT WAS FOUND THAT YOGA SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED ANXIETY, SALIVA STICKINESS, AND EPISODES OF FALLING ILL (P-VALUES < 0.05) WHILE IT IMPROVED MENTAL WELL-BEING, COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING, EMOTIONAL FUNCTIONING, AND HEAD AND NECK PAIN OF THOSE ORAL CANCER PATIENTS THAT RECEIVED IT (P-VALUES < 0.05). CONCLUSION: AN INTEGRATIVE CARE APPROACH THAT CONSIDERS NONPHARMACEUTICAL TECHNIQUES SUCH AS YOGA COULD HELP TO REDUCE CARE COST WHILE IMPROVING CARE OUTCOMES AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF ORAL CANCER PATIENTS. HENCE, IT IS IMPERATIVE TO CONSIDER YOGA ALONG WITH ITS POTENTIAL BENEFITS, AND WE RECOMMEND GRADUAL INCORPORATION OF YOGA INTO ORAL CANCER CARE.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
7  6401  37 THE ROLES OF DNA EPIGENETICS AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE IN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA: A REVIEW. CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML) IS A MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDER CHARACTERIZED BY THE GENETIC TRANSLOCATION T(9;22) (Q34;Q11.2) ENCODING FOR THE BCR-ABL FUSION ONCOGENE. GROWING BODY OF EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT EPIGENETIC ABNORMALITIES ARE INVOLVED IN TYROSINE KINASE RESISTANCE IN CML, LEADING TO LEUKEMIC CLONE ESCAPE AND DISEASE PROPAGATION. THE SIGNIFICANT OF THERAPEUTIC ROLE IN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML) DEPENDS ON BOTH GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. THIS ARTICLE FOCUSED ON THE CML AND EPIGENETIC AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE. AN ELECTRONIC SEARCH OF PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLES WAS SYSTEMATICALLY PERFORMED TO OBTAIN THE RELEVANT LITERATURE WITH THE CINAHL, CANCER, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, SELF-EXPERIENCE AND PUBMED DATABASES. THE KEYWORDS INCLUDED LEUKEMIA, CANCER, ILLNESS, EPIGENETIC. THE INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR THE REVIEWS WERE THAT THE DOCUMENTS WERE ORIGINAL QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH AND PUBLISHED IN ENGLISH. ARTICLES THAT WERE NOT DIRECTLY RELEVANT TO THE PRESENT OBJECTIVE WERE EXCLUDED. CURRENT PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS OFFER NOVEL PROMISING EXPERIMENTS NAMELY AS NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING FOR NEW DEVELOPMENT IN EPIGENETIC FIGURES CHARACTERIZATION AND MORE UNDERSTANDING OF THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS TO BE SUCCESSFULLY UTILIZED FOR PERSONALIZED CML THERAPY IN THE NEXT COMING YEARS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
8  3630  49 INCLUSION OF SOCIAL AND STRUCTURAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH TO ADVANCE UNDERSTANDING OF THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE BIOLOGY OF CHRONIC DISEASE. SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH (SDOH) CONSIDER SOCIAL, POLITICAL, AND ECONOMIC FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO HEALTH DISPARITIES IN PATIENTS AND POPULATIONS. THE MOST COMMON HEALTH-RELATED SDOH EXPOSURES ARE FOOD AND HOUSING INSECURITY, FINANCIAL INSTABILITY, TRANSPORTATION NEEDS, LOW LEVELS OF EDUCATION, AND PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS. THESE DOMAINS DESCRIBE RISKS THAT CAN IMPACT HEALTH OUTCOMES MORE THAN HEALTH CARE. EPIDEMIOLOGIC AND TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH DEMONSTRATES THAT SDOH FACTORS REPRESENT EXPOSURES THAT PREDICT HARM AND IMPACT THE HEALTH OF INDIVIDUALS. INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL GUIDELINES URGE HEALTH PROFESSIONALS TO ADDRESS SDOH IN CLINICAL PRACTICE AND PUBLIC HEALTH. THE FURTHER IMPLEMENTATION OF THESE RECOMMENDATIONS INTO BASIC AND TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH, HOWEVER, IS LAGGING. HEREIN, WE CONSIDER A PRECISION HEALTH FRAMEWORK TO DESCRIBE HOW SDOH CONTRIBUTES TO THE EXPOSOME AND EXACERBATES PHYSIOLOGIC PATHWAYS THAT LEAD TO CHRONIC DISEASE. SDOH FACTORS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH VARIOUS FORMS OF STRESSORS THAT IMPACT PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES THROUGH EPIGENETIC, INFLAMMATORY, AND REDOX REGULATION. MANY SDOH EXPOSURES MAY ADD TO OR POTENTIATE THE PATHOLOGIC EFFECTS OF ADDITIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES. THIS OVERVIEW AIMS TO INFORM BASIC LIFE SCIENCE AND TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCHERS ABOUT SDOH EXPOSURES THAT CAN CONFOUND ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN CLASSIC BIOMEDICAL DETERMINANTS OF DISEASE AND HEALTH OUTCOMES. TO ADVANCE THE STUDY OF TOXICOLOGY THROUGH EITHER QUALITATIVE OR QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF EXPOSURES TO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SUBSTANCES, A MORE COMPLETE ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION SHOULD INCLUDE SDOH EXPOSURES. WE DISCUSS COMMON APPROACHES TO MEASURE SDOH FACTORS AT INDIVIDUAL AND POPULATION LEVELS AND REVIEW THE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN SDOH RISK FACTORS AND PHYSIOLOGIC MECHANISMS THAT INFLUENCE CHRONIC DISEASE. WE PROVIDE CLINICAL AND POLICY-BASED MOTIVATION TO ENCOURAGE RESEARCHERS TO CONSIDER THE IMPACT OF SDOH EXPOSURES ON STUDY RESULTS AND DATA INTERPRETATION. WITH VALID MEASURES OF SDOH FACTORS INCORPORATED INTO STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSES, FUTURE TOXICOLOGICAL RESEARCH MAY CONTRIBUTE TO AN EVIDENCE BASE THAT CAN BETTER INFORM PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OPTIONS, TO IMPROVE EQUITABLE CLINICAL CARE AND POPULATION HEALTH. (C) 2022 WILEY PERIODICALS LLC.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
9   639  46 BIOMARKERS FOR MYALGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS/CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME (ME/CFS): A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. BACKGROUND: MYALGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS/CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME (ME/CFS) IS A MULTIFACETED CONDITION THAT AFFECTS MOST BODY SYSTEMS. THERE IS CURRENTLY NO KNOWN DIAGNOSTIC BIOMARKER; INSTEAD, DIAGNOSIS IS DEPENDENT ON APPLICATION OF SYMPTOM-BASED CASE CRITERIA FOLLOWING EXCLUSION OF ANY OTHER POTENTIAL MEDICAL CONDITIONS. WHILE THERE ARE SOME STUDIES THAT REPORT POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS FOR ME/CFS, THEIR EFFICACY HAS NOT BEEN VALIDATED. THE AIM OF THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW IS TO COLLATE AND APPRAISE LITERATURE PERTAINING TO A POTENTIAL BIOMARKER(S) WHICH MAY EFFECTIVELY DIFFERENTIATE ME/CFS PATIENTS FROM HEALTHY CONTROLS. METHODS: THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WAS CONDUCTED ACCORDING TO THE PREFERRED REPORTING ITEMS FOR SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS AND META-ANALYSES AND COCHRANE REVIEW GUIDELINES. PUBMED, EMBASE AND SCOPUS WERE SYSTEMATICALLY SEARCHED FOR ARTICLES CONTAINING "BIOMARKER" AND "ME/CFS" KEYWORDS IN THE ABSTRACT OR TITLE AND IF THEY INCLUDED THE FOLLOWING CRITERIA: (1) WERE OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES PUBLISHED BETWEEN DECEMBER 1994 AND APRIL 2022; (2) INVOLVED ADULT HUMAN PARTICIPANTS; (3) FULL TEXT IS AVAILABLE IN ENGLISH (4) ORIGINAL RESEARCH; (5) DIAGNOSIS OF ME/CFS PATIENTS MADE ACCORDING TO THE FUKUDA CRITERIA (1994), CANADIAN CONSENSUS CRITERIA (2003), INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS CRITERIA (2011) OR INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE CRITERIA (2015); (6) STUDY INVESTIGATED POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS OF ME/CFS COMPARED TO HEALTHY CONTROLS. QUALITY AND BIAS WERE ASSESSED USING THE JOANNA BRIGGS INSTITUTE CRITICAL APPRAISAL CHECKLIST FOR CASE CONTROL STUDIES. RESULTS: A TOTAL OF 101 PUBLICATIONS WERE INCLUDED IN THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS RANGED FROM GENETIC/EPIGENETIC (19.8%), IMMUNOLOGICAL (29.7%), METABOLOMICS/MITOCHONDRIAL/MICROBIOME (14.85%), ENDOVASCULAR/CIRCULATORY (17.82%), NEUROLOGICAL (7.92%), ION CHANNEL (8.91%) AND PHYSICAL DYSFUNCTION BIOMARKERS (8.91%). MOST OF THE POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS REPORTED WERE BLOOD-BASED (79.2%). USE OF LYMPHOCYTES AS A MODEL TO INVESTIGATE ME/CFS PATHOLOGY WAS PROMINENT AMONG IMMUNE-BASED BIOMARKERS. MOST BIOMARKERS HAD SECONDARY (43.56%) OR TERTIARY (54.47%) SELECTIVITY, WHICH IS THE ABILITY FOR THE BIOMARKER TO IDENTIFY A DISEASE-CAUSING AGENT, AND A MODERATE (59.40%) TO COMPLEX (39.60%) EASE-OF-DETECTION, INCLUDING THE REQUIREMENT OF SPECIALISED EQUIPMENT. CONCLUSIONS: ALL POTENTIAL ME/CFS BIOMARKERS DIFFERED IN EFFICIENCY, QUALITY, AND TRANSLATABILITY AS A DIAGNOSTIC MARKER. REPRODUCIBILITY OF FINDINGS BETWEEN THE INCLUDED PUBLICATIONS WERE LIMITED, HOWEVER, SEVERAL STUDIES VALIDATED THE INVOLVEMENT OF IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION IN THE PATHOLOGY OF ME/CFS AND THE USE OF LYMPHOCYTES AS A MODEL TO INVESTIGATE THE PATHOMECHANISM OF ILLNESS. THE HETEROGENEITY SHOWN ACROSS MANY OF THE INCLUDED STUDIES HIGHLIGHTS THE NEED FOR MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND UNIFORM PROTOCOLS IN ME/CFS BIOMARKER RESEARCH.	2023	

10  2093  37 EPIGENETIC EFFECTS FOLLOWING ACUTE AND CHRONIC EXERCISE IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. INTRODUCTION: ACUTE EXERCISE AND EXERCISE TRAINING MAY CONFER EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS. EPIGENETIC EFFECTS AFTER EXERCISE HAVE BEEN SHOWED IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. THE AIM OF THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WAS TO SUMMARIZE THE EVIDENCE FROM AVAILABLE CLINICAL TRIALS THAT STUDY EPIGENETIC ADAPTATIONS AFTER EXERCISE IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. METHODS: THE SEARCH STRATEGY WAS PERFORMED IN PUBMED AND CENTRAL DATABASES ON ARTICLES PUBLISHED UNTIL SEPTEMBER 2020. STUDIES WITH TITLES AND ABSTRACTS RELEVANT TO EXERCISE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION APPLIED TO CARDIOVASCULAR PATIENTS WERE FULLY EXAMINED. INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA WERE UTILIZED FOR STUDIES SCREENING. QUALITY ASSESSMENT WITH PEDRO SCALE AND EVALUATION BY TWO INDEPENDENT REVIEWERS WAS PERFORMED. RESULTS: OF THE 1714 ARTICLES RETRIEVED, 88 ARTICLES WERE ASSESSED FOR ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA AND 8 ARTICLES MATCHED OUR SEARCH CRITERIA AND FINALLY INCLUDED IN THE SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS. THE ACUTE EXERCISE EPIGENETIC (MIRNAS) EFFECTS WERE ASSESSED IN THREE STUDIES AND THE CHRONIC EXERCISE TRAINING EFFECTS (MIRNAS AND DNA METHYLATION) IN SIX STUDIES. THE RESULTS HAVE SHOWN THAT THERE IS POSSIBLY AN ACUTE SIGNIFICANT EXERCISE EFFECT ON EPIGENETIC TARGETS WHICH IS MORE EVIDENT AFTER CHRONIC EXERCISE TRAINING. CONCLUSIONS: BY THE PRESENT SYSTEMATIC REVIEW, WE PROVIDE PRELIMINARY EVIDENCE OF BENEFICIAL EPIGENETIC ADAPTATIONS FOLLOWING ACUTE AND CHRONIC EXERCISE IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. MORE CONTROLLED STUDIES ARE NEEDED TO CONFIRM SUCH EVIDENCE.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
11  5882  41 SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF LUNG FUNCTION AND COPD WITH PERIPHERAL BLOOD DNA METHYLATION IN POPULATION BASED STUDIES. BACKGROUND: EPIGENETIC VARIATIONS IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD HAVE POTENTIAL AS BIOMARKERS FOR DISEASE. THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ASSESSES THE ASSOCIATION OF LUNG FUNCTION AND CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) WITH DNA METHYLATION PROFILES IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD FROM POPULATION-BASED STUDIES. METHODS: ONLINE DATABASES MEDLINE, EMBASE, AND WEB OF SCIENCE WERE SEARCHED. GOOGLE SCHOLAR WAS SEARCHED TO IDENTIFY GREY LITERATURE. AFTER REMOVING DUPLICATE ARTICLES, 1155 ARTICLES WERE INDEPENDENTLY SCREENED BY TWO INVESTIGATORS. PEER REVIEWED REPORTS ON POPULATION-BASED STUDIES THAT EXAMINED PERIPHERAL BLOOD DNA METHYLATION IN PARTICIPANTS WITH MEASURED LUNG FUNCTION (FEV1, FEV1/FVC RATIO) OR KNOWN COPD STATUS WERE SELECTED FOR FULL-TEXT REVIEW. SIX ARTICLES WERE SUITABLE FOR INCLUSION. INFORMATION REGARDING STUDY CHARACTERISTICS, DESIGNS, METHODOLOGIES AND CONCLUSIONS WAS EXTRACTED. A NARRATIVE SYNTHESIS WAS PERFORMED BASED ON PUBLISHED RESULTS. RESULTS: THREE OF THE SIX ARTICLES ASSESSED THE ASSOCIATION OF COPD WITH DNA METHYLATION, AND TWO OF THESE ALSO INCLUDED ASSOCIATIONS WITH LUNG FUNCTION. OVERALL, FIVE REPORTS EXAMINED THE ASSOCIATION OF LUNG FUNCTION WITH DNA METHYLATION PROFILES. FIVE OF THE SIX ARTICLES REPORTED 'SIGNIFICANT' RESULTS. HOWEVER, NO CONSISTENT CPG SITES WERE IDENTIFIED ACROSS STUDIES FOR COPD STATUS OR LUNG FUNCTION VALUES. CONCLUSIONS: DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD FROM INDIVIDUALS WITH REDUCED LUNG FUNCTION OR COPD MAY BE DIFFERENT TO THOSE IN PEOPLE WITH NORMAL LUNG FUNCTION. HOWEVER, THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW DID NOT FIND ANY CONSISTENT ASSOCIATIONS OF LUNG FUNCTION OR COPD WITH DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPG SITES. LARGE STUDIES WITH A LONGITUDINAL DESIGN TO ADDRESS REVERSE CAUSALITY MAY PROVE A MORE FRUITFUL AREA OF RESEARCH. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO 2016: CRD42016037352 .	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
12   108  30 A REVIEW OF THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF MELATONIN IN PESTICIDE-INDUCED TOXICITY. PESTICIDES ARE AMONG THE MOST IMPORTANT CHEMICALS USED IN AGRICULTURE SECTOR. HOWEVER, THEIR EXTENSIVE USE HAS POLLUTED THE ENVIRONMENT AND INCREASED HUMAN VULNERABILITY TO VARIOUS CHRONIC DISEASES. PESTICIDE EXPOSURE CAUSES GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION, MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION AND OXIDATIVE STRESS. AREAS COVERED: THIS REVIEW IS BASED ON THE LITERATURE STUDIES CURRENTLY REPORTED ON PESTICIDE-INDUCED TOXICITY AND THE PROTECTIVE ROLE OF MELATONIN. SCIENTIFIC DATABASES SUCH AS PUBMED, SCOPUS AND WEB OF SCIENCE WERE SEARCHED USING KEYWORDS 'PESTICIDE' AND 'MELATONIN' UP TO JANUARY 2016. FULL LENGTH ARTICLES RELATED TO ANIMAL AND HUMAN EXPOSURE WERE RETRIEVED. A TOTAL NUMBER OF 181 RECORDS WERE OBTAINED, AND AFTER EXCLUDING THE DUPLICATES, 97 PAPERS WERE FURTHER SCREENED ON THE BASIS OF RELEVANCE TO THE TOPIC. EXPERT OPINION: MELATONIN AS A BROAD-SPECTRUM ANTIOXIDANT IS ABLE TO PENETRATE CELLULAR COMPARTMENTS SPECIFICALLY THE MITOCHONDRIA. IT IS A POTENT FREE RADICAL SCAVENGER WITH LOW TOXICITY AND DESIRABLE SOLUBILITY IN ORGANIC AND AQUEOUS PHASES. WE ARE OF THE OPINION THAT MELATONIN IS A PROMISING AGENT IN MINIMIZING ORGAN INJURIES INDUCED BY PESTICIDES.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
13  1151  46 CONNECTIONS AMONG BIOLOGIC EMBEDDING OF CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY, ADULT CHRONIC ILLNESS, AND WOUND CARE: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE. ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES (ACES) BIOLOGICALLY EMBED BY ALTERING BRAIN DEVELOPMENT AND INFLUENCING EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. THESE EXPERIENCES MAY GENERATE HEALTH RISK FACTORS. PURPOSE: A LITERATURE REVIEW WAS CONDUCTED TO COMPARE ACE-GENERATED HEALTH RISK FACTORS WITH RISK FACTORS FOR WOUND DEVELOPMENT AND ABERRANT HEALING, AS WELL AS TO IDENTIFY A GAP IN LITERATURE REGARDING CRITICAL CONNECTIONS BETWEEN ACES, CHRONIC ILLNESS, AND WOUND DEVELOPMENT/HEALING, WITH ASSOCIATED PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. METHODOLOGY: A LITERATURE SEARCH OF ENGLISH-LANGUAGE ARTICLES WAS CONDUCTED USING THE CUMULATIVE INDEX OF NURSING AND ALLIED HEALTH LITERATURE, MEDLINE, AND PUBMED USING THE SEARCH TERMS ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES, ADULTS, WOUNDS, CHRONIC DISEASE OR ILLNESS, AND EPIGENETICS. THE SEARCHES YIELDED 561 PUBLICATIONS REGARDING ACES, CHRONIC ILLNESS OR DISEASE, AND ADULT; 182 FOR ACES; AND 547 FOR EPIGENETICS AND WOUNDS. ABSTRACTS WERE REVIEWED TO REMOVE DUPLICATES AND STUDIES WITH PARTICIPANTS WHO WERE <18 YEARS OLD. PUBLICATIONS WERE REVIEWED FOR SALIENCE; THOSE DISCUSSING THE BIOLOGIC PLAUSIBILITY OF ACES CONTRIBUTING TO ADULT ILLNESSES AND ASSOCIATED WOUND DEVELOPMENT AND HEALING WERE REVIEWED FOR INCLUSION. RESULTS: SIXTY-EIGHT (68) PUBLICATIONS WERE FOUND APPROPRIATE FOR REVIEW AND INCLUDED POPULATION-BASED STUDIES; LITERATURE REVIEWS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC DATA; META-ANALYSES; AND SYSTEMATIC, CROSS-SECTIONAL, OBSERVATIONAL, AND PROSPECTIVE STUDIES AS SINGULAR OR MIXED METHODS DESIGNS. A SUBSTANTIAL OVERLAP WAS FOUND IN TERMS OF RISK FACTORS GENERATED BY ACE EXPOSURE AND RISK FACTORS FOR WOUND DEVELOPMENT/HEALING, AS WAS A GAP IN THE LITERATURE REGARDING THIS RELATIONSHIP. EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS AND ALTERED BRAIN DEVELOPMENT ARE IMPLICATED IN PROCESSES THROUGH WHICH CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY ERODES HUMAN HEALTH. CONCLUSION: ADULT HEALTH RISKS AS A RESULT OF EXPOSURE TO ACES AND CRITICAL CONNECTIONS WITH RISKS FOR WOUND DEVELOPMENT AND DISRUPTED WOUND HEALING VIA EPIGENETIC INFLUENCES ARE RECOGNIZED IN THE LITERATURE. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS INCLUDE CONSIDERING SCREENING FOR THE RISK FACTOR OF ACES EXPOSURE IN ADULT PATIENTS TO IDENTIFY THIS ADDITIONAL RISK FACTOR AND PRACTICING PATIENT-CENTERED, TRAUMA-INFORMED CARE. FURTHER RESEARCH INTO THE INTEGRATIVE ROLES OF THESE FACTORS IS WARRANTED.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
14  2951  38 GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CHRONIC WIDESPREAD PAIN. THE ETIOLOGY UNDERLYING CHRONIC WIDESPREAD PAIN (CWP) REMAINS LARGELY UNKNOWN. AN INTEGRATIVE BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL SEEMS TO YIELD THE MOST PROMISING EXPLANATIONS FOR THE PATHOGENESIS OF THE CONDITION, WITH GENETIC FACTORS ALSO CONTRIBUTING TO DISEASE DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE. HERE, WE CONDUCTED A SEARCH OF STUDIES INVESTIGATING THE GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CWP THROUGH ELECTRONIC DATABASES INCLUDING WEB OF SCIENCE, MEDLINE, PUBMED, EMBASE, AND GOOGLE SCHOLAR. COMBINATIONS OF KEYWORDS INCLUDING CWP, CHRONIC PAIN, MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN, GENETICS, EPIGENETICS, GENE, TWINS, SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM, GENOTYPE, AND ALLELES WERE USED. IN THE END, A TOTAL OF 15 PUBLICATIONS WERE CONSIDERED RELEVANT TO BE INCLUDED IN THIS REVIEW: EIGHT WERE TWIN STUDIES ON CWP, SIX WERE MOLECULAR GENETIC STUDIES ON CWP, AND ONE WAS AN EPIGENETIC STUDY ON CWP. THE FINDINGS SUGGEST GENETIC AND UNIQUE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS TO CONTRIBUTE TO CWP. VARIOUS CANDIDATES SUCH AS SEROTONIN-RELATED PATHWAY GENES WERE FOUND TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH CWP AND SOMATOFORM SYMPTOMS. HOWEVER, STUDIES SHOW SOME LIMITATIONS AND NEED REPLICATION. THE PRESENTED RESULTS FOR CWP COULD SERVE AS A TEMPLATE FOR GENETIC STUDIES ON OTHER CHRONIC PAIN CONDITIONS. ULTIMATELY, A MORE IN-DEPTH UNDERSTANDING OF DISEASE MECHANISMS WILL HELP WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF MORE EFFECTIVE TREATMENT, INFORM NOSOLOGY, AND REDUCE THE STIGMA STILL LINGERING ON THIS DIAGNOSIS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
15  6112  44 THE EPIGENETIC CLOCK AS A PREDICTOR OF DISEASE AND MORTALITY RISK: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. BACKGROUND: AGEING IS ONE OF THE PRINCIPAL RISK FACTORS FOR MANY CHRONIC DISEASES. HOWEVER, THERE IS CONSIDERABLE BETWEEN-PERSON VARIATION IN THE RATE OF AGEING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN THEIR SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISEASE AND DEATH. EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS MAY PLAY A ROLE IN HUMAN AGEING, AND DNA METHYLATION AGE BIOMARKERS MAY BE GOOD PREDICTORS OF AGE-RELATED DISEASES AND MORTALITY RISK. THE AIMS OF THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WERE TO IDENTIFY AND SYNTHESISE THE EVIDENCE FOR AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PERIPHERALLY MEASURED DNA METHYLATION AGE AND LONGEVITY, AGE-RELATED DISEASE, AND MORTALITY RISK. METHODS: A SYSTEMATIC SEARCH WAS CONDUCTED IN LINE WITH THE PREFERRED REPORTING ITEMS FOR SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS AND META-ANALYSES (PRISMA) GUIDELINES. USING RELEVANT SEARCH TERMS, MEDLINE, EMBASE, COCHRANE CENTRAL REGISTER OF CONTROLLED TRIALS, AND PSYCHINFO DATABASES WERE SEARCHED TO IDENTIFY ARTICLES MEETING THE INCLUSION CRITERIA. STUDIES WERE ASSESSED FOR BIAS USING JOANNA BRIGGS INSTITUTE CRITICAL APPRAISAL CHECKLISTS. DATA WAS EXTRACTED FROM STUDIES MEASURING AGE ACCELERATION AS A PREDICTOR OF AGE-RELATED DISEASES, MORTALITY OR LONGEVITY, AND THE FINDINGS FOR SIMILAR OUTCOMES COMPARED. USING REVIEW MANAGER 5.3 SOFTWARE, TWO META-ANALYSES (ONE PER EPIGENETIC CLOCK) WERE CONDUCTED ON STUDIES MEASURING ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY. RESULTS: TWENTY-THREE RELEVANT ARTICLES WERE IDENTIFIED, INCLUDING A TOTAL OF 41,607 PARTICIPANTS. FOUR STUDIES FOCUSED ON AGEING AND LONGEVITY, 11 ON AGE-RELATED DISEASE (CANCER, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, AND DEMENTIA), AND 11 ON MORTALITY. THERE WAS SOME, ALTHOUGH INCONSISTENT, EVIDENCE FOR AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INCREASED DNA METHYLATION AGE AND RISK OF DISEASE. META-ANALYSES INDICATED THAT EACH 5-YEAR INCREASE IN DNA METHYLATION AGE WAS ASSOCIATED AN 8 TO 15% INCREASED RISK OF MORTALITY. CONCLUSION: DUE TO THE SMALL NUMBER OF STUDIES AND HETEROGENEITY IN STUDY DESIGN AND OUTCOMES, THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN DNA METHYLATION AGE AND AGE-RELATED DISEASE AND LONGEVITY IS INCONCLUSIVE. INCREASED EPIGENETIC AGE WAS ASSOCIATED WITH MORTALITY RISK, BUT POSITIVE PUBLICATION BIAS NEEDS TO BE CONSIDERED. FURTHER RESEARCH IS NEEDED TO DETERMINE THE EXTENT TO WHICH DNA METHYLATION AGE CAN BE USED AS A CLINICAL BIOMARKER.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
16  4865  35 ORO-FACIAL PAIN AND TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDERS CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS: A CRITICAL APPRAISAL AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS. IT IS A DIFFICULT UNDERTAKING TO DESIGN A CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM FOR ANY DISEASE ENTITY, LET ALONE FOR ORO-FACIAL PAIN (OFP) AND MORE SPECIFICALLY FOR TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDERS (TMD). A FURTHER COMPLICATION OF THIS TASK IS THAT BOTH PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOSOCIAL VARIABLES MUST BE INCLUDED. TO AUGMENT THIS PROCESS, A TWO-STEP SYSTEMATIC REVIEW, ADHERING TO PRISMA GUIDELINES, OF THE CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS PUBLISHED DURING THE LAST 20 YEARS FOR OFP AND TMD WAS PERFORMED. THE FIRST SEARCH STEP IDENTIFIED 190 POTENTIAL CITATIONS WHICH ULTIMATELY RESULTED IN ONLY 17 ARTICLES BEING INCLUDED FOR IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS AND REVIEW. THE SECOND STEP RESULTED IN ONLY 5 ARTICLES BEING SELECTED FOR INCLUSION IN THIS REVIEW. FIVE ADDITIONAL ARTICLES AND FOUR CLASSIFICATION GUIDELINES/CRITERIA WERE ALSO INCLUDED DUE TO EXPANSION OF THE SEARCH CRITERIA. THUS, IN TOTAL, 14 DOCUMENTS COMPRISING ARTICLES AND GUIDELINES/CRITERIA (8 PROPOSALS OF CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS FOR OFP; 6 FOR TMD) WERE SELECTED FOR INCLUSION IN THE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. FOR EACH, A DISCUSSION AS TO THEIR ADVANTAGES, STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS WAS PROVIDED. SUGGESTIONS REGARDING THE FUTURE DIRECTION FOR IMPROVING THE CLASSIFICATION PROCESS WITH THE USE OF ONTOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES RATHER THAN TAXONOMY ARE DISCUSSED. FURTHERMORE, THE POTENTIAL FOR EXPANDING THE SCOPE OF AXES INCLUDED IN EXISTING CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS, TO INCLUDE GENETIC, EPIGENETIC AND NEUROBIOLOGICAL VARIABLES, IS EXPLORED. IT IS THEREFORE RECOMMENDED THAT FUTURE CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM PROPOSALS BE BASED ON COMBINED APPROACHES AIMING TO PROVIDE ARCHETYPAL TREATMENT-ORIENTED CLASSIFICATIONS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
17  2510  41 EPIGENETICS AND POSTSURGICAL PAIN: A SCOPING REVIEW. OBJECTIVE: MULTIPLE FACTORS ARE INVOLVED IN THE PHYSIOLOGY AND VARIABILITY OF POSTSURGICAL PAIN, A GREAT PART OF WHICH CAN BE EXPLAINED BY GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND THEIR INTERACTION. EPIGENETICS REFERS TO THE MECHANISM BY WHICH THE ENVIRONMENT ALTERS THE STABILITY AND EXPRESSION OF GENES. WE CONDUCTED A SCOPING REVIEW TO EXAMINE THE AVAILABLE EVIDENCE IN BOTH ANIMAL MODELS AND CLINICAL STUDIES ON EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN THE REGULATION OF POSTSURGICAL AND CHRONIC POSTSURGICAL PAIN. METHODS: THE ARKSEY AND O'MALLEY FRAMEWORK AND THE PRISMA-SCR (PREFERRED REPORTING ITEMS FOR SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS, SCOPING REVIEWS EXTENSION) GUIDELINES WERE USED. THE PUBMED, WEB OF SCIENCE, AND GOOGLE SCHOLAR DATABASES WERE SEARCHED, AND THE ORIGINAL ARTICLES CITED IN REVIEWS LOCATED THROUGH THE SEARCH WERE ALSO REVIEWED. ENGLISH-LANGUAGE ARTICLES WITHOUT TIME LIMITS WERE RETRIEVED. ARTICLES WERE SELECTED IF THE ABSTRACT ADDRESSED INFORMATION ON THE EPIGENETIC OR EPIGENOMIC MECHANISMS, HISTONE, OR DNA METHYLATION AND MICRORIBONUCLEIC ACIDS INVOLVED IN POSTSURGICAL AND CHRONIC POSTSURGICAL PAIN IN ANIMAL MODELS AND CLINICAL STUDIES. RESULTS: THE INITIAL SEARCH PROVIDED 174 ARTICLES, AND 95 WERE USED. THE AVAILABLE STUDIES TO DATE, MOSTLY IN ANIMAL MODELS, HAVE SHOWN THAT EPIGENETICS CONTRIBUTES TO THE REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION IN THE PATHWAYS INVOLVED IN POSTSURGICAL PAIN AND IN MAINTAINING LONG-TERM PAIN. CONCLUSION: RESEARCH ON POSSIBLE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN POSTSURGICAL PAIN AND CHRONIC POSTSURGICAL PAIN IN HUMANS IS SCARCE. IN VIEW OF THE EVIDENCE AVAILABLE IN ANIMAL MODELS, THERE IS A NEED TO EVALUATE EPIGENETIC PAIN MECHANISMS IN THE CONTEXT OF HUMAN AND CLINICAL STUDIES.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
18   393  24 AN OVERVIEW OF EPIGENETICS IN NURSING. EPIGENETIC CHANGES TO THE GENOME ARE BIOCHEMICAL ALTERATIONS TO THE DNA THAT DO NOT CHANGE AN INDIVIDUAL'S GENOME BUT DO CHANGE AND INFLUENCE GENE EXPRESSION. THE NURSING PROFESSION IS QUALIFIED TO CONDUCT AND INTEGRATE EPIGENETIC-FOCUSED NURSING RESEARCH INTO PRACTICE. THIS ARTICLE DISCUSSES CURRENT EPIGENETIC NURSING RESEARCH, PROVIDES AN OVERVIEW OF HOW EPIGENETIC RESEARCH RELATES TO NURSING PRACTICE, MAKES RECOMMENDATIONS, AND PROVIDES EPIGENETIC ONLINE RESOURCES FOR NURSING RESEARCH. AN OVERVIEW OF MAJOR EPIGENETIC STUDIES IN NURSING (SPECIFIC TO CHILDBIRTH STUDIES, PREECLAMPSIA, METABOLIC SYNDROME, IMMUNOTHERAPY CANCER, AND PAIN) IS PROVIDED, WITH RECOMMENDATIONS ON NEXT STEPS.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
19  5194  35 PRENATAL EXPOSURE TO POTENTIALLY TOXIC METALS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON GENETIC MATERIAL IN OFFSPRING: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. IN RECENT YEARS, THE BACKGROUND LEVEL OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS, INCLUDING METALS, HAS INCREASED. POLLUTANT EXPOSURE DURING THE EARLIEST STAGES OF LIFE MAY DETERMINE CHRONIC DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY IN ADULTHOOD BECAUSE OF GENETIC OR EPIGENETIC CHANGES. THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS REVIEW WAS TO IDENTIFY THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PRENATAL AND EARLY POSTNATAL EXPOSURE TO POTENTIALLY TOXIC METALS (PTMS) AND THEIR ADVERSE EFFECTS ON THE GENETIC MATERIAL OF OFFSPRING. A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WAS CARRIED OUT FOLLOWING THE COCHRANE METHODOLOGY IN FOUR DATABASES: PUBMED, SCOPUS, WEB OF SCIENCE, AND THE COCHRANE LIBRARY. ELIGIBLE PAPERS WERE THOSE CONDUCTED IN HUMANS AND PUBLISHED IN ENGLISH BETWEEN 2010/01/01 AND 2021/04/30. A TOTAL OF 57 ARTICLES WERE INCLUDED, MOST OF WHICH EVALUATED PRENATAL EXPOSURE. MOST COMMONLY EVALUATED PTMS WERE AS, CD, AND PB. MAIN ADVERSE EFFECTS ON THE GENETIC MATERIAL OF NEWBORNS ASSOCIATED WITH PTM PRENATAL EXPOSURE WERE ALTERATIONS IN TELOMERE LENGTH, GENE OR PROTEIN EXPRESSION, MITOCHONDRIAL DNA CONTENT, METABOLOMICS, DNA DAMAGE, AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS. MANY OF THESE EFFECTS WERE SEX-SPECIFIC, BEING PREDOMINANT IN BOYS. ONE ARTICLE REPORTED A SYNERGISTIC INTERACTION BETWEEN AS AND HG, AND TWO ARTICLES OBSERVED ANTAGONISTIC INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PTMS AND ESSENTIAL METALS, SUCH AS CU, SE, AND ZN. THE FINDINGS IN THIS REVIEW HIGHLIGHT THAT THE PROBLEM OF PTM EXPOSURE PERSISTS, AFFECTING THE MOST SUSCEPTIBLE POPULATIONS, SUCH AS NEWBORNS. SOME OF THESE ASSOCIATIONS WERE OBSERVED AT LOW CONCENTRATIONS OF PTMS. MOST OF THE STUDIES HAVE FOCUSED ON SINGLE EXPOSURES; HOWEVER, THREE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN ESSENTIAL AND NONESSENTIAL METALS WERE OBSERVED, HIGHLIGHTING THAT METAL MIXTURES NEED MORE ATTENTION.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
20  3797  21 INTERNATIONAL BREAST CANCER AND NUTRITION: A MODEL FOR RESEARCH, TRAINING AND POLICY IN DIET, EPIGENETICS, AND CHRONIC DISEASE PREVENTION. THIS ARTICLE SUMMARIZES PRESENTATIONS FROM THE INTERNATIONAL BREAST CANCER AND NUTRITION WORKSHOP HELD DURING THE ASN SCIENTIFIC SESSIONS AND ANNUAL MEETING AT EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY 2014 IN SAN DIEGO, CA, ON 28 APRIL 2014. AN INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION WAS DESCRIBED AMONG TEAMS FROM LOW-, MIDDLE-, AND HIGH-INCOME COUNTRIES ADDRESSING ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, ESPECIALLY DIET, AND EPIGENETIC INTERACTIONS THAT AFFECT THE RISK OF CHRONIC DISEASE. SPEAKERS ADDRESSED OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES INVOLVED IN THIS TYPE OF INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION, ASSESSING DIET AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS ACROSS A WIDE RANGE OF CULTURES, AND RESEARCH TOOLS AND DISCOVERIES FROM THIS GROUP.	2014