1  6697 167 VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS HUMAN GANGLIONIC LATENCY: A CURRENT SUMMARY. VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS (VZV) IS A UBIQUITOUS HUMAN HERPES VIRUS TYPICALLY ACQUIRED IN CHILDHOOD WHEN IT CAUSES VARICELLA (CHICKENPOX), FOLLOWING WHICH THE VIRUS ESTABLISHES A LATENT INFECTION IN TRIGEMINAL AND DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA THAT LASTS FOR THE LIFE OF THE INDIVIDUAL. VZV SUBSEQUENTLY REACTIVATES, SPONTANEOUSLY OR AFTER SPECIFIC TRIGGERING FACTORS, TO CAUSE HERPES ZOSTER (SHINGLES), WHICH MAY BE COMPLICATED BY POSTHERPETIC NEURALGIA AND SEVERAL OTHER NEUROLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS INCLUDING VASCULOPATHY. OUR UNDERSTANDING OF VZV LATENCY LAGS BEHIND OUR KNOWLEDGE OF HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 1 (HSV-1) LATENCY PRIMARILY DUE TO THE DIFFICULTY IN PROPAGATING THE VIRUS TO HIGH TITERS IN A CELL-FREE STATE, AND THE LACK OF A SUITABLE SMALL-ANIMAL MODEL FOR STUDYING VIRUS LATENCY AND REACTIVATION. IT IS NOW ESTABLISHED BEYOND DOUBT THAT LATENT VZV IS PREDOMINANTLY LOCATED IN HUMAN GANGLIONIC NEURONS. VIRUS GENE TRANSCRIPTION DURING LATENCY IS EPIGENETICALLY REGULATED, AND APPEARS TO BE RESTRICTED TO EXPRESSION OF AT LEAST SIX GENES, WITH EXPRESSION OF GENE 63 BEING THE HALLMARK OF LATENCY. HOWEVER, VIRAL GENE TRANSCRIPTION MAY BE MORE EXTENSIVE THAN PREVIOUSLY THOUGHT. THERE IS ALSO EVIDENCE FOR SEVERAL VZV GENES BEING EXPRESSED AT THE PROTEIN LEVEL, INCLUDING VZV GENE 63-ENCODED PROTEIN, BUT RECENT EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT THIS MAY NOT BE A COMMON EVENT. THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF THE CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IN LATENTLY INFECTED GANGLIA IS ALSO OF CURRENT INTEREST. THERE REMAIN SEVERAL QUESTIONS CONCERNING THE VZV LATENCY PROCESS THAT STILL NEED TO BE RESOLVED UNAMBIGUOUSLY AND IT IS LIKELY THAT THIS WILL REQUIRE THE USE OF NEWLY DEVELOPED MOLECULAR TECHNOLOGIES, SUCH AS GEXPS MULTIPLEX POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR) FOR VIRUS TRANSCRIPTIONAL ANALYSIS AND CHIP-SEQ TO STUDY THE EPIGENETIC OF LATENT VIRUS GENOME ( LIU ET AL, 2010 , BMC BIOL 8: 56).	2010	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
2    40  67 A COMPARISON OF HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 1 AND VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS LATENCY AND REACTIVATION. HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 1 (HSV-1; HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 1) AND VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS (VZV; HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 3) ARE HUMAN NEUROTROPIC ALPHAHERPESVIRUSES THAT CAUSE LIFELONG INFECTIONS IN GANGLIA. FOLLOWING PRIMARY INFECTION AND ESTABLISHMENT OF LATENCY, HSV-1 REACTIVATION TYPICALLY RESULTS IN HERPES LABIALIS (COLD SORES), BUT CAN OCCUR FREQUENTLY ELSEWHERE ON THE BODY AT THE SITE OF PRIMARY INFECTION (E.G. WHITLOW), PARTICULARLY AT THE GENITALS. RARELY, HSV-1 REACTIVATION CAN CAUSE ENCEPHALITIS; HOWEVER, A THIRD OF THE CASES OF HSV-1 ENCEPHALITIS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH HSV-1 PRIMARY INFECTION. PRIMARY VZV INFECTION CAUSES VARICELLA (CHICKENPOX) FOLLOWING WHICH LATENT VIRUS MAY REACTIVATE DECADES LATER TO PRODUCE HERPES ZOSTER (SHINGLES), AS WELL AS AN INCREASINGLY RECOGNIZED NUMBER OF SUBACUTE, ACUTE AND CHRONIC NEUROLOGICAL CONDITIONS. FOLLOWING PRIMARY INFECTION, BOTH VIRUSES ESTABLISH A LATENT INFECTION IN NEURONAL CELLS IN HUMAN PERIPHERAL GANGLIA. HOWEVER, THE DETAILED MECHANISMS OF VIRAL LATENCY AND REACTIVATION HAVE YET TO BE UNRAVELLED. IN BOTH CASES LATENT VIRAL DNA EXISTS IN AN 'END-LESS' STATE WHERE THE ENDS OF THE VIRUS GENOME ARE JOINED TO FORM STRUCTURES CONSISTENT WITH UNIT LENGTH EPISOMES AND CONCATEMERS, FROM WHICH VIRAL GENE TRANSCRIPTION IS RESTRICTED. IN LATENTLY INFECTED GANGLIA, THE MOST ABUNDANTLY DETECTED HSV-1 RNAS ARE THE SPLICED PRODUCTS ORIGINATING FROM THE PRIMARY LATENCY ASSOCIATED TRANSCRIPT (LAT). THIS PRIMARY LAT IS AN 8.3 KB UNSTABLE TRANSCRIPT FROM WHICH TWO STABLE (1.5 AND 2.0 KB) INTRONS ARE SPLICED. TRANSCRIPTS MAPPING TO 12 VZV GENES HAVE BEEN DETECTED IN HUMAN GANGLIA REMOVED AT AUTOPSY; HOWEVER, IT IS DIFFICULT TO ASCRIBE THESE AS TRANSCRIPTS PRESENT DURING LATENT INFECTION AS EARLY-STAGE VIRUS REACTIVATION MAY HAVE TRANSPIRED IN THE POST-MORTEM TIME PERIOD IN THE GANGLIA. NONETHELESS, LOW-LEVEL TRANSCRIPTION OF VZV ORF63 HAS BEEN REPEATEDLY DETECTED IN MULTIPLE GANGLIA REMOVED AS CLOSE TO DEATH AS POSSIBLE. THERE IS INCREASING EVIDENCE THAT HSV-1 AND VZV LATENCY IS EPIGENETICALLY REGULATED. IN VITRO MODELS THAT PERMIT PATHWAY ANALYSIS AND IDENTIFICATION OF BOTH EPIGENETIC MODULATIONS AND GLOBAL TRANSCRIPTIONAL MECHANISMS OF HSV-1 AND VZV LATENCY HOLD MUCH PROMISE FOR OUR FUTURE UNDERSTANDING IN THIS COMPLEX AREA. THIS REVIEW SUMMARIZES THE MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF HSV-1 AND VZV LATENCY AND REACTIVATION, AND ALSO PRESENTS FUTURE DIRECTIONS FOR STUDY.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
3   830  30 CHARACTERIZATION OF STRESS RESPONSE INVOLVED IN CHICKEN MYOPATHY. MYOPATHIES (WOODY BREAST (WB) AND WHITE STRIPING (WS)) OF BROILER CHICKENS HAVE BEEN CORRELATED WITH FAST GROWTH. RECENT STUDIES REPORTED THAT LOCALIZED HYPOXIA AND METABOLIC IMPAIRMENT MAY INVOLVE IN THESE MYOPATHIES OF BIRDS. IN ORDER TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THE STRESS RESPONSE MECHANISMS AFFECTING MYOPATHIES OF BROILERS, THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO EXAMINE EFFECTS OF WB AND BOTH WB/WS ON STRESS HORMONE CORTICOSTERONE (CORT) LEVELS AND EXPRESSIONAL CHANGES OF STRESS RESPONSE GENES INCLUDING GLUCOCORTICOID (GC) RECEPTOR (GR), 11BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE TYPE 1 (11BETA-HSD1), DNA METHYLATION REGULATORS (DNMTS), AND ARGININE VASOTOCIN RECEPTOR 1A AND 1B (V1AR, V1BR). RESULTS OF RADIOIMMUNOASSAY SHOWED THAT CORT LEVELS OF WB AND WB/WS BIRDS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER COMPARED TO CON (P < 0.05), HOWEVER, THE COMBINATION OF WB/WS WAS NOT SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER THAN WB BIRDS, IMPLYING THAT THE EFFECTS OF WB AND WS ON CORT ARE NOT SYNERGISTIC. HEPATIC GR EXPRESSION OF BOTH WB AND WB/WS BIRDS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER COMPARED TO CON (P < 0.05). HOWEVER, GR EXPRESSION LEVELS IN BREAST MUSCLE OF BOTH WB AND WB/WS BIRDS WERE DECREASED COMPARED TO CON (P < 0.05). HEPATIC 11BETA-HSD1 EXPRESSION WAS INCREASED ONLY IN WB/WS BIRDS COMPARED TO CON BIRDS WITH NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CON AND WB BIRDS. 11BETA-HSD1 EXPRESSION WAS DECREASED AND INCREASED IN WB AND WB/WS BIRDS COMPARED TO CON, RESPECTIVELY, IN BREAST MUSCLE (P < 0.05). DNMT1 EXPRESSION WAS SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED IN BOTH MUSCLE AND LIVER OF WB BIRDS, AND IN MUSCLE OF WB/WS BIRDS, BUT NOT IN LIVER OF WB/WS BIRDS, INDICATING DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF WS ON THE EPIGENETICAL STRESS RESPONSE OF MUSCLE AND LIVER COMPARED TO WB. V1AR EXPRESSION WAS SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED IN MUSCLE OF WB BIRDS, AND IN LIVER OF WB/WS BIRDS COMPARED TO CON BIRDS (P < 0.05). V1BR WAS NOT CHANGED IN MUSCLE AND LIVER OF WB BIRDS COMPARED TO CON BIRDS. TAKEN TOGETHER, RESULTS SUGGEST THAT GC-INDUCED MYOPATHIES OCCUR IN FAST-GROWING BROILER CHICKENS AND CIRCULATING CORT LEVEL MIGHT BE A SIGNIFICANT BIOCHEMICAL MARKER OF MYOPATHIES (WB AND WS) OF BIRDS. IN ADDITION, CHRONIC STRESS RESPONSES IN BREAST MUSCLE AND TISSUE-SPECIFIC EPIGENETIC CHANGES OF STRESS RESPONSE GENES BY DNMTS MAY PLAY A CRITICAL ROLE IN THE OCCURRENCE OF MYOPATHIES.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
4  3713  35 INHERITANCE OF ACQUIRED BEHAVIOUR ADAPTATIONS AND BRAIN GENE EXPRESSION IN CHICKENS. BACKGROUND: ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES MAY AFFECT BOTH THE EXPOSED INDIVIDUALS AND THEIR OFFSPRING. WE INVESTIGATED POSSIBLE ADAPTIVE ASPECTS OF SUCH CROSS-GENERATION TRANSMISSIONS, AND HYPOTHESIZED THAT CHRONIC UNPREDICTABLE FOOD ACCESS WOULD CAUSE CHICKENS TO SHOW A MORE CONSERVATIVE FEEDING STRATEGY AND TO BE MORE DOMINANT, AND THAT THESE ADAPTATIONS WOULD BE TRANSMITTED TO THE OFFSPRING. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: PARENTS WERE RAISED IN AN UNPREDICTABLE (UL) OR IN PREDICTABLE DIURNAL LIGHT RHYTHM (PL, 12:12 H LIGHT:DARK). IN A FORAGING TEST, UL BIRDS PECKED MORE AT FREELY AVAILABLE, RATHER THAN AT HIDDEN AND MORE ATTRACTIVE FOOD, COMPARED TO BIRDS FROM THE PL GROUP. FEMALE OFFSPRING OF UL BIRDS, RAISED IN PREDICTABLE LIGHT CONDITIONS WITHOUT PARENTAL CONTACT, SHOWED A SIMILAR FORAGING BEHAVIOR, DIFFERING FROM OFFSPRING OF PL BIRDS. FURTHERMORE, ADULT OFFSPRING OF UL BIRDS PERFORMED MORE FOOD PECKS IN A DOMINANCE TEST, SHOWED A HIGHER PREFERENCE FOR HIGH ENERGY FOOD, SURVIVED BETTER, AND WERE HEAVIER THAN OFFSPRING OF PL PARENTS. USING CDNA MICROARRAYS, WE FOUND THAT THE DIFFERENTIAL BRAIN GENE EXPRESSION CAUSED BY THE CHALLENGE WAS MIRRORED IN THE OFFSPRING. IN PARTICULAR, SEVERAL IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES SEEMED TO BE AFFECTED SIMILARLY IN BOTH UL PARENTS AND THEIR OFFSPRING. ESTRADIOL LEVELS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER IN EGG YOLK FROM UL BIRDS, SUGGESTING ONE POSSIBLE MECHANISM FOR THESE EFFECTS. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: OUR FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT UNPREDICTABLE FOOD ACCESS CAUSED SEEMINGLY ADAPTIVE RESPONSES IN FEEDING BEHAVIOR, WHICH MAY HAVE BEEN TRANSMITTED TO THE OFFSPRING BY MEANS OF EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS, INCLUDING REGULATION OF IMMUNE GENES. THIS MAY HAVE PREPARED THE OFFSPRING FOR COPING WITH AN UNPREDICTABLE ENVIRONMENT.	2009	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
5  1263  24 CYCLIC VARIATIONS IN INCUBATION CONDITIONS INDUCE ADAPTIVE RESPONSES TO LATER HEAT EXPOSURE IN CHICKENS: A REVIEW. SELECTION PROGRAMS HAVE ENABLED BROILER CHICKENS TO GAIN MUSCLE MASS WITHOUT SIMILAR ENLARGEMENT OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS THAT ARE ESSENTIAL FOR THERMOREGULATORY EFFICIENCY. MEAT-TYPE CHICKENS COPE WITH HIGH AMBIENT TEMPERATURE BY REDUCING FEED INTAKE AND GROWTH DURING CHRONIC AND MODERATE HEAT EXPOSURE. IN CASE OF ACUTE HEAT EXPOSURE, A DRAMATIC INCREASE IN MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY CAN OCCUR. IN ORDER TO ALLEVIATE HEAT STRESS IN THE LONG TERM, RESEARCH HAS RECENTLY FOCUSED ON EARLY THERMAL MANIPULATION. AIMED AT STIMULATION OF LONG-TERM THERMOTOLERANCE, THE THERMAL MANIPULATION OF EMBRYOS IS A METHOD BASED ON FINE TUNING OF INCUBATION CONDITIONS, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE LEVEL AND DURATION OF INCREASES IN TEMPERATURE AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY DURING A CRITICAL PERIOD OF EMBRYOGENESIS. THE CONSEQUENCES OF THERMAL MANIPULATION ON THE PERFORMANCE AND MEAT QUALITY OF BROILER CHICKENS HAVE BEEN EXPLORED TO ENSURE THE POTENTIAL APPLICATION OF THIS STRATEGY. THE PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF THE METHOD IS THE INDUCTION OF EPIGENETIC AND METABOLIC MECHANISMS THAT CONTROL BODY TEMPERATURE IN THE LONG TERM. EARLY THERMAL MANIPULATION CAN ENHANCE POULTRY RESISTANCE TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES WITHOUT MUCH EFFECT ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE. THIS REVIEW PRESENTS THE MAIN STRATEGIES OF EARLY HEAT EXPOSURE AND THE PHYSIOLOGICAL CONCEPTS ON WHICH THESE METHODS WERE BASED. THE CELLULAR MECHANISMS POTENTIALLY UNDERLYING THE ADAPTIVE RESPONSE ARE DISCUSSED AS WELL AS THE POTENTIAL INTEREST OF THERMAL MANIPULATION OF EMBRYOS FOR POULTRY PRODUCTION.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
6  4934  28 PATERNAL CHRONIC FOLATE SUPPLEMENTATION INDUCED THE TRANSGENERATIONAL INHERITANCE OF ACQUIRED DEVELOPMENTAL AND METABOLIC CHANGES IN CHICKENS. INCREASING EVIDENCE INDICATES THAT PATERNAL DIET CAN RESULT IN METABOLIC CHANGES IN OFFSPRING, BUT THE DEFINITE MECHANISM REMAINS UNCLEAR IN BIRDS. HERE, WE FED BREEDER COCKS FIVE DIFFERENT DIETS CONTAINING 0, 0.25, 1.25, 2.50 AND 5.00 MG KG(-1) FOLATE THROUGHOUT LIFE. PATERNAL FOLATE SUPPLEMENTATION (FS) WAS BENEFICIAL TO THE GROWTH AND ORGAN DEVELOPMENT OF BROILER OFFSPRING. MOST IMPORTANTLY, THE LIPID AND GLUCOSE METABOLISM OF BREEDER COCKS AND BROILER OFFSPRING WERE AFFECTED BY PATERNAL FS, ACCORDING TO BIOCHEMICAL AND METABOLOMIC ANALYSES. WE FURTHER EMPLOYED GLOBAL ANALYSES OF HEPATIC AND SPERMATOZOAL MESSENGER RNA (MRNA), LONG NON-CODING RNA (LNCRNA) AND MICRO RNA (MIRNA). SOME KEY GENES INVOLVED IN THE GLYCOLYSIS OR GLUCONEOGENESIS PATHWAY AND THE PPAR SIGNALLING PATHWAY, INCLUDING PEPCK, ANGPTL4 AND THRSP, WERE REGULATED BY DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED HEPATIC AND SPERMATOZOAL MIRNAS AND LNCRNAS IN BREEDER COCKS AND BROILER OFFSPRING. MOREOVER, THE EXPRESSION OF ANGPTL4 COULD ALSO BE REGULATED BY DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED MIRNAS AND LNCRNAS IN SPERMATOZOA VIA COMPETITIVE ENDOGENOUS RNA (CERNA) MECHANISMS. OVERALL, THIS MODEL SUGGESTS THAT PATERNAL FOLATE COULD TRANSGENERATIONALLY REGULATE LIPID AND GLUCOSE METABOLISM IN BROILER OFFSPRING AND THE EPIGENETIC TRANSMISSION MAY INVOLVE ALTERED SPERMATOZOAL MIRNAS AND LNCRNAS.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
7  5330  27 PUTATIVE EPIGENETIC BIOMARKERS OF STRESS IN RED BLOOD CELLS OF CHICKENS REARED ACROSS DIFFERENT BIOMES. PRODUCTION ANIMALS ARE CONSTANTLY SUBJECTED TO EARLY ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS THAT INFLUENCE THE ADULT PHENOTYPE AND PRODUCE EPIGENETIC EFFECTS. CPG DINUCLEOTIDE METHYLATION IN RED BLOOD CELLS (RBC) COULD BE A USEFUL EPIGENETIC BIOMARKER TO IDENTIFY ANIMALS SUBJECTED TO CHRONIC STRESS IN THE PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT. HERE WE COMPARED A REDUCED FRACTION OF THE RBC METHYLOME OF CHICKENS EXPOSED TO SOCIAL ISOLATION TO NON-EXPOSED. THESE EXPERIMENTS WERE PERFORMED IN TWO DIFFERENT LOCATIONS: BRAZIL AND SWEDEN. THE AIM WAS TO IDENTIFY STRESS-ASSOCIATED DNA METHYLATION PROFILES IN RBC ACROSS THESE POPULATIONS, IN SPITE OF THE VARIABLE CONDITIONS TO WHICH BIRDS ARE EXPOSED IN EACH FACILITY AND THEIR DIFFERENT LINEAGES. BIRDS WERE INCREASINGLY EXPOSED TO A SOCIAL ISOLATION TREATMENT, COMBINED WITH FOOD AND WATER DEPRIVATION, AT RANDOM PERIODS OF THE DAY FROM WEEKS 1-4 AFTER HATCHING. WE THEN COLLECTED THE RBC DNA FROM INDIVIDUALS AND COMPARED A REDUCED FRACTION OF THEIR METHYLOME BETWEEN THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUPS USING TWO BIOINFORMATIC APPROACHES TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS (DMRS): ONE USING FIXED-SIZE WINDOWS AND ANOTHER THAT PRESELECTED DIFFERENTIAL PEAKS WITH MACS2. THREE LEVELS OF SIGNIFICANCE WERE USED (P </= 0.05, P </= 0.005, AND P </= 0.0005) TO IDENTIFY DMRS BETWEEN EXPERIMENTAL GROUPS, WHICH WERE THEN USED FOR DIFFERENT ANALYSES. WITH BOTH OF THE APPROACHES MORE DMRS REACHED THE DEFINED SIGNIFICANCE THRESHOLDS IN BR INDIVIDUALS COMPARED TO SW. HOWEVER, MORE DMRS HAD HIGHER FOLD CHANGE VALUES IN SW COMPARED TO BR INDIVIDUALS. INTERESTINGLY, CHRZ WAS ENRICHED ABOVE EXPECTANCY FOR THE PRESENCE OF DMRS. ADDITIONALLY, WHEN ANALYZING THE LOCATIONS OF THESE DMRS IN RELATION TO THE TRANSCRIPTION STARTING SITE (TSS), WE FOUND THREE PEAKS WITH HIGH DMR PRESENCE: 10 KB UPSTREAM, THE TSS ITSELF, AND 20-40 KB DOWNSTREAM. INTERESTINGLY, THESE PEAKS HAD DMRS WITH A HIGH PRESENCE (>50%) OF SPECIFIC TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR BINDING SITES. THREE OVERLAPPING DMRS WERE FOUND BETWEEN THE BR AND SW POPULATION USING THE MOST RELAXED P-VALUE (P </= 0.05). WITH THE MOST STRINGENT P-VALUE (P </= 0.0005), WE FOUND 7 AND 4 DMRS BETWEEN TREATMENTS IN THE BR AND SW POPULATIONS, RESPECTIVELY. THIS STUDY IS THE FIRST APPROXIMATION TO IDENTIFY EPIGENETIC BIOMARKERS OF LONG-TERM EXPOSURE TO STRESS IN DIFFERENT LINEAGES OF PRODUCTION ANIMALS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
8  3280  36 HERPES ZOSTER OPHTHALMICUS FOLLOWING ONABOTULINUMTOXINA ADMINISTRATION FOR CHRONIC MIGRAINE: A CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW. BACKGROUND: THERE IS A GROWING BODY OF LITERATURE DOCUMENTING LOCAL HERPES ZOSTER OUTBREAK FOLLOWING PROCEDURES. THE MECHANISM UNDERLYING THESE OUTBREAKS REMAINS ELUSIVE. WE PRESENT A CASE OF ZOSTER FOLLOWING ONABOTULINUMTOXINA (BTX) FOR MIGRAINE AND A LITERATURE REVIEW. METHODS: CHART AND LITERATURE REVIEW. CASE: A 72-YEAR-OLD WOMAN WITH CHRONIC MIGRAINE RECEIVED BTX INJECTIONS FOR 3 YEARS WITHOUT INCIDENT. SHE HAD A HISTORY OF THORACIC ZOSTER WITH SUBSEQUENT POST-HERPETIC NEURALGIA. IN AUGUST 2013, 48 HOURS AFTER RECEIVING BTX INJECTIONS, SHE DEVELOPED A PAINFUL RASH IN THE RIGHT V1 DISTRIBUTION CONSISTENT WITH HERPES ZOSTER OPHTHALMICUS. ONE WEEK LATER THE RASH HAD RESOLVED WITHOUT TREATMENT. LITERATURE REVIEW: WE IDENTIFIED 65 (INCLUDING 2 FROM JUEL-JENSON) CASES OF ZOSTER REACTIVATION FOLLOWING MINOR PROCEDURES. THESE CASES TEND TO BE IN YOUNG PATIENTS WITHOUT SPECIFIC RISK FACTORS. OUTBREAKS CHARACTERISTICALLY OCCUR AT THE LEVEL OF EXPOSURE TO LOCAL TRAUMA. DISCUSSION: OUR REVIEW SUGGESTS THAT LOCAL TRAUMA, REGARDLESS OF THE NATURE OF STIMULI, MAY BE SUFFICIENT FOR ZOSTER REACTIVATION. WE HYPOTHESIZE THAT THE STRESSORS IN THESE REPORTED CASES EXERT A LOCAL EPIGENETIC INFLUENCE ON VIRAL TRANSCRIPTION, ALLOWING FOR VIRAL REACTIVATION. CONCLUSION: ZOSTER IS A POTENTIAL COMPLICATION OF BTX ADMINISTRATION FOR CHRONIC MIGRAINE IN ADULTS. PHYSICIAN AWARENESS CAN REDUCE THE SIGNIFICANT MORBIDITY ASSOCIATED WITH THIS DISEASE.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
9   544  34 ATTAINMENT OF THERMOREGULATION AS AFFECTED BY ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS. THE REVIEW ADDRESSES THE DEVELOPMENT OF THERMOREGULATION IN POULTRY EMBRYOS AS WELL AS THE EFFECT OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC CHANGES OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON THIS PROCESS AND THE INCUBATION TEMPERATURE BEING THE FOREMOST. IN POULTRY, THE EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF ADAPTIVE BODY FUNCTIONS, LIKE THE THERMOREGULATORY SYSTEM, IS CHARACTERIZED BY THE FOLLOWING PECULIARITIES. FIRST, THE DEVELOPMENT OF PERIPHERAL AS WELL AS CENTRAL NERVOUS THERMOREGULATORY MECHANISMS START DURING THE PRENATAL ONTOGENY. HOWEVER, THEIR MATURITY IS ATTAINED DURING EARLY POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT. IN THE PERINATAL PERIOD, ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS HAVE A HIGH EFFECT ON DEVELOPMENT OF TEMPERATURE REGULATION. SECOND, ACUTE CHANGES IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS INDUCE AS A RULE FIRST UNCOORDINATED AND IMMEDIATELY NONADAPTIVE REACTIONS. LATER, THE UNCOORDINATED NONADAPTIVE REACTIONS CHANGE INTO COORDINATED (ADAPTIVE) REACTIONS. PRENATAL ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES MAY HAVE A TRAINING EFFECT ON THE POSTNATAL EFFICIENCY OF THE THERMO-REGULATORY SYSTEM. THIRD, FUNCTIONAL SYSTEMS OF THE ORGANISM DEVELOP FROM AN OPEN LOOP SYSTEM WITHOUT FEEDBACK CONTROL INTO A CLOSED SYSTEM CONTROLLED BY A FEEDBACK MECHANISM. DURING THIS CRITICAL PERIOD, THE ACTUAL ENVIRONMENT MODULATES THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RESPECTIVE PHYSIOLOGICAL CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR THE ENTIRE LIFE PERIOD, ESPECIALLY BY CHANGES IN NEUROORGANIZATION AND EXPRESSION OF RELATED EFFECTOR GENES. KNOWLEDGE ON THESE MECHANISMS MIGHT BE SPECIFICALLY USED TO GENERATE LONG-TERM ADAPTATION OF THE ORGANISM TO THE POSTNATAL CLIMATIC CONDITIONS (PERINATAL EPIGENETIC TEMPERATURE ADAPTATION). IN POULTRY, PERINATAL EPIGENETIC TEMPERATURE ADAPTATION WAS DEVELOPED BY CHANGES IN THE INCUBATION TEMPERATURE. WHEN A COMPARISON IS MADE IN BIRDS, WHICH WERE INCUBATED AT 37.5 DEGREES C, A LOW INCUBATION TEMPERATURE INDUCED POSTNATAL COLD ADAPTATION, AND WARM INCUBATION TEMPERATURE INDUCED POSTNATAL HEAT ADAPTATION. PERINATAL EPIGENETIC TEMPERATURE ADAPTATION EXHIBITED CHANGES IN THE NEURONAL THERMOSENSITIVITY IN THE HYPOTHALAMUS AS WELL AS IN THE PERIPHERAL THERMOREGULATORY MECHANISMS. THESE ALTERATIONS COULD BE ALREADY FOUND AT THE END OF INCUBATION. FURTHER, TEMPERATURE-EXPERIENCED EMBRYOS HAVE A LOWER C-FOS EXPRESSION THAN IN THE CONTROL AFTER ACUTE HEAT STRESS.	2007	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
10  4944  20 PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION ETHANOL EXPOSURE BLUNTS HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS RESPONSIVITY AND STRESS-INDUCED EXCESSIVE FLUID INTAKE IN MALE MICE. A GROWING NUMBER OF ENVIRONMENTAL INSULTS HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO INDUCE EPIGENETIC EFFECTS THAT PERSIST ACROSS GENERATIONS. FOR INSTANCE, PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION EXPOSURES TO ETHANOL OR STRESS HAVE INDEPENDENTLY BEEN SHOWN TO EXERT SUCH INTERGENERATIONAL EFFECTS. SINCE ETHANOL EXPOSURE IS A PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESSOR THAT ACTIVATES THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL (HPA) AXIS, WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT PATERNAL ETHANOL EXPOSURE WOULD IMPACT STRESS RESPONSIVITY OF OFFSPRING. ADULT MALE MICE WERE EXPOSED TO CHRONIC INTERMITTENT VAPOR ETHANOL OR CONTROL CONDITIONS FOR 5 WEEKS BEFORE BEING MATED WITH ETHANOL-NAIVE FEMALES TO PRODUCE ETHANOL (E)- AND CONTROL (C)-SIRED OFFSPRING. ADULT MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING WERE TESTED FOR PLASMA CORTICOSTERONE (CORT) LEVELS FOLLOWING ACUTE RESTRAINT STRESS AND THE MALE OFFSPRING WERE FURTHER EXAMINED FOR STRESS-EVOKED 2-BOTTLE CHOICE ETHANOL-DRINKING. PATERNAL ETHANOL EXPOSURE BLUNTED PLASMA CORT LEVELS FOLLOWING ACUTE RESTRAINT STRESS SELECTIVELY IN MALE OFFSPRING; FEMALES WERE UNAFFECTED. IN A STRESS-EVOKED ETHANOL-DRINKING ASSAY, THERE WAS NO EFFECT OF STRESS ON ETHANOL CONSUMPTION. HOWEVER, C-SIRED MALES EXHIBITED INCREASED TOTAL FLUID INTAKE (POLYDIPSIA) IN RESPONSE TO STRESS WHILE E-SIRED MALES WERE RESISTANT TO THIS STRESS-INDUCED PHENOTYPE. TAKEN TOGETHER, THESE DATA SUGGEST THAT PATERNAL ETHANOL EXPOSURE IMPARTS STRESS HYPORESPONSIVITY TO MALE OFFSPRING.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
11   521  40 ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN MATERNAL PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS, DNA METHYLATION, AND NEWBORN BIRTH WEIGHT IDENTIFIED BY INVESTIGATING METHYLATION AT INDIVIDUAL, REGIONAL, AND GENOME LEVELS. STRESS IS KNOWN TO AFFECT HEALTH THROUGHOUT LIFE AND INTO FUTURE GENERATIONS, BUT THE UNDERLYING MOLECULAR MECHANISMS ARE UNKNOWN. WE TESTED THE HYPOTHESIS THAT MATERNAL PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS INFLUENCES DNA METHYLATION (DNAM), WHICH IN TURN IMPACTS NEWBORN HEALTH OUTCOMES. SPECIFICALLY, WE ANALYZED DNAM AT INDIVIDUAL, REGIONAL, AND GENOME-WIDE LEVELS TO TEST FOR ASSOCIATIONS WITH MATERNAL STRESS AND NEWBORN BIRTH WEIGHT. MATERNAL VENOUS BLOOD AND NEWBORN CORD BLOOD (N = 24 AND 22, RESPECTIVELY) WERE ASSAYED FOR METHYLATION AT APPROXIMATELY 450,000 CPG SITES. METHYLATION WAS ANALYZED BY EXAMINING CPG SITES INDIVIDUALLY IN AN EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY (EWAS), AS REGIONAL GROUPS USING VARIABLY METHYLATED REGION (VMR) ANALYSIS IN MATERNAL BLOOD ONLY, AND THROUGH THE EPIGENOME-WIDE MEASURES USING GENOME-WIDE MEAN METHYLATION (GMM), HORVATH'S EPIGENETIC CLOCK, AND MITOTIC AGE. THESE METHYLATION MEASURES WERE TESTED FOR ASSOCIATION WITH THREE MEASURES OF MATERNAL STRESS (MATERNAL WAR TRAUMA, CHRONIC STRESS, AND EXPERIENCE OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE) AND ONE HEALTH OUTCOME (NEWBORN BIRTH WEIGHT). WE OBSERVED THAT MATERNAL EXPERIENCES OF WAR TRAUMA, CHRONIC STRESS, AND SEXUAL ASSAULT WERE EACH ASSOCIATED WITH DECREASED NEWBORN BIRTH WEIGHT (P < 1.95 X 10(-7) IN ALL CASES). TESTING INDIVIDUAL CPG SITES USING EWAS, WE OBSERVED NO ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN DNAM AND ANY MEASURE OF MATERNAL STRESS OR NEWBORN BIRTH WEIGHT IN EITHER MATERNAL OR CORD BLOOD, AFTER BONFERRONI MULTIPLE TESTING CORRECTION. HOWEVER, THE TOP-RANKED CPG SITE IN MATERNAL BLOOD THAT ASSOCIATED WITH MATERNAL CHRONIC STRESS AND SEXUAL VIOLENCE BEFORE MULTIPLE TESTING CORRECTION IS LOCATED NEAR THE SPON1 GENE. TESTING AT A REGIONAL LEVEL, WE FOUND INCREASED METHYLATION OF A VMR IN MATERNAL BLOOD NEAR SPON1 THAT WAS ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC STRESS AND SEXUAL VIOLENCE AFTER BONFERRONI MULTIPLE TESTING CORRECTION (P = 1.95 X 10(-7) AND 8.3 X 10(-6), RESPECTIVELY). AT THE EPIGENOMIC LEVEL, CORD BLOOD GMM WAS ASSOCIATED WITH SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER LEVELS OF WAR TRAUMA (P = 0.025) AND WAS SUGGESTIVELY ASSOCIATED WITH SEXUAL VIOLENCE (P = 0.053). THE OTHER TWO EPIGENOME-WIDE MEASURES WERE NOT ASSOCIATED WITH MATERNAL STRESS OR NEWBORN BIRTH WEIGHT IN EITHER TISSUE TYPE. DESPITE OUR SMALL SAMPLE SIZE, WE IDENTIFIED ASSOCIATIONS EVEN AFTER CONSERVATIVE MULTIPLE TESTING CORRECTION. SPECIFICALLY, WE FOUND ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN DNAM AND THE THREE MEASURES OF MATERNAL STRESS ACROSS BOTH TISSUES; SPECIFICALLY, A VMR IN MATERNAL BLOOD AND GMM IN CORD BLOOD WERE BOTH ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFERENT MEASURES OF MATERNAL STRESS. THE ASSOCIATION OF CORD BLOOD GMM, BUT NOT MATERNAL BLOOD GMM, WITH MATERNAL STRESS MAY SUGGEST DIFFERENT RESPONSES TO STRESS IN MOTHER AND NEWBORN. IT IS NOTEWORTHY THAT WE FOUND ASSOCIATIONS ONLY WHEN CPG SITES WERE ANALYZED IN AGGREGATE, EITHER AS VMRS OR AS A BROAD SUMMARY MEASURE OF GMM.	2019	

12  3785  18 INTERGENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF PRE-PREGNANCY CHRONIC LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE FROM PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS ON THE LEARNING, MEMORY AND SEIZURE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF OFFSPRING. OBJECTIVE: THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECTS OF PRE-PREGNANCY CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS LPS (PG LPS) ON THE LEARNING, MEMORY, AND SEIZURE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE OFFSPRING. DESIGN: TO ACHIEVE PERIODONTITIS, PG LPS (5 MUG/KG) WAS INJECTED INTO THE GINGIVAL OF FIVE FEMALE RATS EVERY 48 H FOR THREE WEEKS. FIVE CONTROL FEMALE RATS RECEIVED SALINE (0.9 %) AND FIVE FEMALE WERE KEPT INTACT. THE CONCENTRATIONS OF TNF-ALPHA AND IL-6 WERE MEASURED IN THE BLOOD SAMPLES. ONE WEEK AFTER THE FINAL INJECTION, FEMALES WERE MATED WITH INTACT MALES. FOLLOWING BIRTH AND WEANING, TWO MALE AND TWO FEMALE OFFSPRING WERE RANDOMLY SELECTED FROM EACH MOTHER, AND NEW GROUPS OF MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING WERE DEFINED FOR BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENTS. MORRIS WATER MAZE WAS USED TO EVALUATE SPATIAL MEMORY, SHUTTLE BOX WAS USED TO INVESTIGATE AVOIDANCE MEMORY AND A PENTYLENETETRAZOLE-INDUCED SEIZURE WAS USED TO EVALUATE SEIZURE SUSCEPTIBILITY IN THE OFFSPRING. RESULTS: SPATIAL LEARNING AND AVOIDANCE MEMORY SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED IN BOTH MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING OF PG LPS-EXPOSED FEMALE RATS, COMPARED TO THE CONTROL OFFSPRING. LATENCY TO REACH SEIZURE STAGES 1 AND 2 SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED IN THE MALE OFFSPRING, BUT NOT THE FEMALE OFFSPRING OF PG LPS-EXPOSED FEMALE, COMPARED TO THE CONTROL OFFSPRING. HOWEVER, NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE WAS FOUND IN LATENCY TO REACH STAGES 3-5. CONCLUSION: PRE-PREGNANCY EXPOSURE TO PG LPS COULD AFFECT SOME BEHAVIORAL FUNCTIONS IN BOTH MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING INTERGENERATIONALLY.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
13  3179  29 HAIR CORTISOL AS A HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS BIOMARKER IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ASTHMA: A RETROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY. BACKGROUND: CORTISOL IS A HORMONE INVOLVED IN MANY PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS INCLUDING FETAL MATURATION AND EPIGENETIC PROGRAMMING DURING PREGNANCY. THIS STUDY AIMED TO USE HAIR CORTISOL AS A BIOMARKER OF CHRONIC INHALED CORTICOSTEROID (ICS) EXPOSURE AND ASSESS THE POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF ASTHMA ON THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL (HPA) AXIS IN PREGNANT WOMEN. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ASTHMA TREATED WITH ICS WOULD EXHIBIT LOWER HAIR CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS, INDICATIVE OF ADRENAL SUPPRESSION, COMPARED TO WOMEN WITH ASTHMA NOT USING ICS AND WOMEN WHO DO NOT HAVE ASTHMA. METHODS: WE PERFORMED AN OBSERVATIONAL RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY. HAIR SAMPLES WERE ANALYZED FROM PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ASTHMA, WITH (N = 56) AND WITHOUT (N = 31) ICS TREATMENT, AND PREGNANT WOMEN WITHOUT ASTHMA (N = 31). HAIR SAMPLES WERE SEGMENTED BASED ON THE GROWTH RATE OF 1 CM/MONTH AND ANALYZED BY ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY TO PROVIDE CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS CORRESPONDING TO PRECONCEPTION, TRIMESTERS 1-3, AND POSTPARTUM. HAIR CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS WERE COMPARED WITHIN AND AMONG THE GROUPS USING NON-PARAMETRIC STATISTICAL TESTS. RESULTS: HAIR CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS INCREASED ACROSS TRIMESTERS FOR ALL THREE GROUPS, BUT THIS INCREASE WAS DAMPENED IN WOMEN WITH ASTHMA (P = 0.03 FOR CONTROLS VS. ICS TREATED AND CONTROLS VS. NO ICS). ICS TREATED WOMEN TAKING MORE THAN FIVE DOSES PER WEEK HAD HAIR CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS 47 % LOWER IN THIRD TRIMESTER THAN CONTROLS. LINEAR REGRESSION OF THE THIRD TRIMESTER HAIR CORTISOL RESULTS IDENTIFIED ASTHMA AS A SIGNIFICANT FACTOR WHEN COMPARING CONSISTENT ICS USE OR ASTHMA AS THE PREDICTOR (F(1, 25) = 9.7, P = 0.005, R(2) ADJ = 0.257). CONCLUSIONS: HAIR CORTISOL SUCCESSFULLY SHOWED THE EXPECTED CHANGE IN CORTISOL OVER THE COURSE OF PREGNANCY AND MAY BE A USEFUL BIOMARKER OF HPA AXIS FUNCTION IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ASTHMA. THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF DECREASED MATERNAL CORTISOL IN WOMEN WITH ASTHMA ON PERINATAL OUTCOMES REMAINS TO BE DETERMINED.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
14  4066  27 MATERNAL AND PATERNAL PERICONCEPTIONAL NUTRITION AS AN INDICATOR OF OFFSPRING METABOLIC SYNDROME RISK IN LATER LIFE THROUGH EPIGENETIC IMPRINTING: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. AIMS: THIS REVIEW EXAMINED WHETHER MATERNAL AND PATERNAL PERICONCEPTIONAL NUTRITION EFFECTS AN OFFSPRING'S LIKELIHOOD OF DEVELOPING CHRONIC METABOLIC RELATED CONDITIONS DUE TO EPIGENETIC IMPRINTING. METHODS: A LITERATURE SEARCH WAS CONDUCTED IN MULTIPLE SCIENCE DATABASES AND LIMITED TO STUDIES PUBLISHED AFTER 2012, IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND PEER REVIEWED. THE DATA FROM SELECTED ARTICLES WERE EXTRACTED AND A QUALITATIVE APPROACH WAS EMPLOYED DUE TO HETEROGENEITY OF RESULTS. RESULTS: NEWBORNS FROM OBESE FATHERS SHOWED ALTERED METHYLATION OVERALL AND SIGNIFICANT HYPOMETHYLATION AT THE INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR 2 (IGF2) GENE. HIGH MATERNAL PRE-PREGNANCY BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) WAS ASSOCIATED WITH ALTERED OFFSPRING DNA METHYLATION LEVELS AND GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS INDUCED SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED METHYLATION LEVELS IN OFFSPRING. GESTATIONAL WEIGHT GAIN WAS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CORD BLOOD. BIRTH WEIGHT WAS HIGHER IN OFFSPRING EXPOSED TO FAMINE IN EARLY GESTATION. OFFSPRING BORN POST MATERNAL BARIATRIC SURGERY SHOWED A LOWER PERCENTAGE OF BODY FAT AND IMPROVED FASTING INSULIN LEVELS COMPARED TO SIBLINGS BORN PRE-MATERNAL BARIATRIC SURGERY. CONCLUSIONS: THE AVAILABLE EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT POOR MATERNAL AND PATERNAL PERICONCEPTIONAL NUTRITION CAN INCREASE THE RISK OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN OFFSPRING, THROUGH EPIGENETIC IMPRINTING. POTENTIAL PARENTS SHOULD BE ADVISED THAT MAINTAINING A HEALTHY DIET AND BMI IS LIKELY TO REDUCE THE RISK OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN OFFSPRING.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
15  1140  26 CONCENTRATION OF FOLIC ACID (FA) IN SERUM OF JAPANESE PREGNANT WOMEN. OBJECTIVES EXPOSURE TO INORGANIC ARSENIC (IAS) IS A WORLD-WIDE HEALTH CONCERN. WE REPORTED THAT JAPANESE CHILDREN AND PREGNANT WOMEN ARE EXPOSED TO MODERATE LEVELS OF IAS THROUGH FOOD. REDUCING IAS CONTAMINATION FROM FOODS OF HIGH IAS IS AN IMPORTANT ISSUE UNIQUE IN JAPAN. INTEGRATED IAS IS METHYLATED TO LESS TOXIC ORGANIC FORMS, AND S-ADENOSYL-L-METHYONINE (SAM), A COMMON METHYL-DONOR OF DNA AND HISTONES, IS UTILIZED IN THIS PROCESS. CHRONIC CONSUMPTION OF SAM BY IAS METABOLISM DUE TO EXPOSURE TO IAS MIGHT ALTER THE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OF GENOME. THE SAM BIOSYNTHESIS PATHWAY IS DEPENDENT ON FOLATE CYCLE, AND IT IS POSSIBLE THAT INGESTION OF SUFFICIENT FOLIC ACID (FA) IS PROTECTIVE TO IAS INDUCED TOXICITY. METHODS IN THE COURSE OF OUR CROSS-SECTIONAL BODY BURDEN ANALYSES OF PB AND IAS IN JAPANESE CHILDREN AND PREGNANT WOMEN, TERMED "PBAS STUDY", FA CONCENTRATION IN SERUM OF 104 PREGNANT WOMEN WAS MEASURED. RESULTS MEAN (+/-SEM) OF SERUM FA CONCENTRATION WAS 15.8 +/- 1.3 (NG/ML). THERE ARE SIGNIFICANT NUMBER OF PEOPLE SHOWING VERY HIGH FA (>30 NG/ ML), AND LARGE FRACTION OF THEM WERE TAKING SUPPLEMENTS DAILY. CONCLUSIONS THESE RESULTS SUGGESTED THAT LEVEL OF FA INGESTION OF JAPANESE PREGNANT WOMEN IS HIGH FOR SUPPORTING NORMAL FETAL DEVELOPMENT.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
16  5200  24 PRENATAL MATERNAL STRESS PREDICTS METHYLATION OF GENES REGULATING THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENOCORTICAL SYSTEM IN MOTHERS AND NEWBORNS IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO. EXPOSURE TO STRESS EARLY IN LIFE PERMANENTLY SHAPES ACTIVITY OF THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENOCORTICAL (HPA) AXIS AND THE BRAIN. PRENATALLY, GLUCOCORTICOIDS PASS THROUGH THE PLACENTA TO THE FETUS WITH POSTNATAL IMPACTS ON BRAIN DEVELOPMENT, BIRTH WEIGHT (BW), AND HPA AXIS FUNCTIONING. LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT THE BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS BY WHICH PRENATAL STRESS AFFECTS POSTNATAL FUNCTIONING. THIS STUDY ADDRESSES THIS GAP BY EXAMINING THE EFFECT OF CHRONIC STRESS AND TRAUMATIC WAR-RELATED STRESS ON EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN FOUR KEY GENES REGULATING THE HPA AXIS IN NEONATAL CORD BLOOD, PLACENTA, AND MATERNAL BLOOD: CRH, CRHBP, NR3C1, AND FKBP5. PARTICIPANTS WERE 24 MOTHER-NEWBORN DYADS IN THE CONFLICT-RIDDEN REGION OF THE EASTERN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO. BW DATA WERE COLLECTED AT DELIVERY AND MATERNAL INTERVIEWS WERE CONDUCTED TO ASSESS CULTURALLY RELEVANT CHRONIC AND WAR-RELATED STRESSORS. CHRONIC STRESS AND WAR TRAUMA HAD WIDESPREAD EFFECTS ON HPA AXIS GENE METHYLATION, WITH SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS OBSERVED AT TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR BINDING (TFB) SITES IN ALL TARGET GENES TESTED. SOME CHANGES IN METHYLATION WERE UNIQUE TO CHRONIC OR WAR STRESS, WHEREAS OTHERS WERE OBSERVED ACROSS BOTH STRESSOR TYPES. MOREOVER, STRESS EXPOSURES IMPACTED MATERNAL AND FETAL TISSUES DIFFERENTLY, SUPPORTING THEORETICAL MODELS THAT STRESS IMPACTS VARY ACCORDING TO LIFE PHASE. METHYLATION IN SEVERAL NR3C1 AND CRH CPG SITES, ALL LOCATED AT TFB SITES, WAS ASSOCIATED WITH BW. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT PRENATAL STRESS EXPOSURE IMPACTS DEVELOPMENT VIA EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN HPA AXIS GENES.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
17   520  26 ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN MATERNAL PRENATAL STRESS, METHYLATION CHANGES IN IGF1 AND IGF2, AND BIRTH WEIGHT. MATERNAL STRESS HAS BEEN LINKED TO LOW BIRTH WEIGHT IN NEWBORNS. ONE POTENTIAL PATHWAY INVOLVES EPIGENETIC CHANGES AT CANDIDATE GENES THAT MAY MEDIATE THE EFFECTS OF PRENATAL MATERNAL STRESS ON BIRTH WEIGHT. THIS RELATIONSHIP HAS BEEN DOCUMENTED IN STRESS-RELATED GENES, SUCH AS NR3C1. THERE IS LESS LITERATURE EXPLORING THE EFFECT OF STRESS ON GROWTH-RELATED GENES. IGF1 AND IGF2 HAVE BEEN IMPLICATED IN FETAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT, THOUGH VIA DIFFERENT MECHANISMS AS IGF2 IS UNDER IMPRINTING CONTROL. IN THIS STUDY, WE TESTED FOR ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN PRENATAL STRESS, METHYLATION OF IGF1 AND IGF2, AND BIRTH WEIGHT. A TOTAL OF 24 MOTHER-NEWBORN DYADS IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO WERE ENROLLED. ETHNOGRAPHIC INTERVIEWS WERE CONDUCTED WITH MOTHERS AT DELIVERY TO GATHER CULTURALLY RELEVANT WAR-RELATED AND CHRONIC STRESSORS. DNA METHYLATION DATA WERE GENERATED FROM MATERNAL VENOUS, CORD BLOOD AND PLACENTAL TISSUE SAMPLES. MULTIVARIATE REGRESSIONS WERE USED TO TEST FOR ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN STRESS MEASURES, DNA METHYLATION AND BIRTH WEIGHT IN EACH OF THE THREE TISSUE TYPES. WE FOUND AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN IGF2 METHYLATION IN MATERNAL BLOOD AND BIRTH WEIGHT. PREVIOUS LITERATURE ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IGF2 METHYLATION AND BIRTH WEIGHT HAS FOCUSED ON METHYLATION AT KNOWN DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS IN CORD BLOOD OR PLACENTAL SAMPLES. OUR FINDINGS INDICATE THERE MAY BE LINKS BETWEEN THE MATERNAL EPIGENOME AND LOW BIRTH WEIGHT THAT RELY ON MECHANISMS OUTSIDE KNOWN IMPRINTING PATHWAYS. IT THUS MAY BE IMPORTANT TO CONSIDER THE EFFECT OF MATERNAL EXPOSURES AND EPIGENETIC PROFILES ON BIRTH WEIGHT EVEN IN THE SETTING OF MATERNALLY IMPRINTED GENES SUCH AS IGF2.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
18  4943  25 PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION ALCOHOL EXPOSURE IMPARTS INTERGENERATIONAL ALCOHOL-RELATED BEHAVIORS TO MALE OFFSPRING ON A PURE C57BL/6J BACKGROUND. WHILE ALCOHOL USE DISORDER (AUD) IS A HIGHLY HERITABLE CONDITION, THE BASIS OF AUD IN FAMILIES WITH A HISTORY OF ALCOHOLISM IS DIFFICULT TO EXPLAIN BY GENETIC VARIATION ALONE. EMERGING EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT PARENTAL EXPERIENCE PRIOR TO CONCEPTION CAN AFFECT INHERITANCE OF COMPLEX BEHAVIORS IN OFFSPRING VIA NON-GENOMIC (EPIGENETIC) MECHANISMS. FOR INSTANCE, MALE C57BL/6J (B6) MICE EXPOSED TO CHRONIC INTERMITTENT VAPOR ETHANOL (CIE) PRIOR TO MATING WITH STRAIN 129S1/SVIMJ ETHANOL-NAIVE FEMALES PRODUCE MALE OFFSPRING WITH REDUCED ETHANOL-DRINKING PREFERENCE, INCREASED ETHANOL SENSITIVITY, AND INCREASED BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) EXPRESSION IN THE VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA (VTA). IN THE PRESENT STUDY, WE TESTED THE HYPOTHESIS THAT THESE INTERGENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF PATERNAL CIE ARE REPRODUCIBLE IN MALE OFFSPRING ON AN INBRED B6 BACKGROUND. TO THIS END, B6 MALES WERE EXPOSED TO 6 WEEKS OF CIE (OR ROOM AIR AS A CONTROL) BEFORE MATING WITH ETHANOL-NAIVE B6 FEMALES TO PRODUCE ETHANOL (E)-SIRED AND CONTROL (C)-SIRED MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING. WE OBSERVED A SEX-SPECIFIC EFFECT, AS E-SIRED MALES EXHIBITED DECREASED TWO-BOTTLE FREE-CHOICE ETHANOL-DRINKING PREFERENCE, INCREASED SENSITIVITY TO THE ANXIOLYTIC EFFECTS OF ETHANOL, AND INCREASED VTA BDNF EXPRESSION; NO DIFFERENCES WERE OBSERVED IN FEMALE OFFSPRING. THESE FINDINGS CONFIRM AND EXTEND OUR PREVIOUS RESULTS BY DEMONSTRATING THAT THE EFFECTS OF PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION ETHANOL ARE REPRODUCIBLE USING GENETICALLY IDENTICAL, INBRED B6 ANIMALS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
19  6545  24 TRANSCRIPTOMIC AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN THE HYPOTHALAMUS ARE INVOLVED IN AN INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO A HIGH-FAT-SUCROSE DIET IN PRENATALLY STRESSED FEMALE RATS. DISTURBANCES IN THE PRENATAL PERIOD ARE LINKED TO METABOLIC DISORDERS IN ADULTHOOD, IMPLYING THE HYPOTHALAMIC SYSTEMS OF APPETITE AND ENERGY BALANCE REGULATION. IN ORDER TO ANALYZE THE CENTRAL EFFECTS OF A HIGH-FAT-SUCROSE (HFS) DIET IN PRENATALLY STRESSED (PNS) FEMALE ADULT RATS, WISTAR DAMS WERE EXPOSED TO CHRONIC-MILD-STRESS DURING THE THIRD WEEK OF GESTATION AND WERE THEN COMPARED WITH UNSTRESSED CONTROLS. ADULT FEMALE OFFSPRING WERE FED A CHOW OR HFS DIET FOR 10 WEEKS. CHANGES IN BODY WEIGHT, ADIPOSITY AS WELL AS EXPRESSION AND METHYLATION LEVELS OF SELECTED HYPOTHALAMIC GENES WERE ANALYZED. PNS INDUCED LOWER BIRTHWEIGHT AND BODY LENGTH WITH NO CHANGES IN BODY FAT MASS. AFTER THE HFS DIET, THE EXPECTED OVERWEIGHT MODEL WAS OBSERVED ACCOMPANIED BY HIGHER ADIPOSITY AND INSULIN RESISTANCE, WHICH WAS WORSENED BY PNS. THE STRESS MODEL INDUCED HIGHER ENERGY INTAKE IN ADULTHOOD. HYPOTHALAMIC GENE EXPRESSION ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT THE HFS DIET DECREASED SLC6A3 (DOPAMINE ACTIVE TRANSPORTER), NPY (NEUROPEPTIDE Y) AND IR (INSULIN RECEPTOR) AND INCREASED POMC (PRO-OPIOMELANOCORTIN). HYPOTHALAMIC DNA METHYLATION LEVELS IN THE PROMOTER REGION OF SLC6A3 REVEALED THAT SLC6A3 WAS HYPERMETHYLATED BY THE HFS DIET IN CPG SITE -53 BP TO THE TRANSCRIPTION START SITE. HFS DIET ALSO HYPERMETHYLATED CPG SITE -167 BP OF THE POMC PROMOTER ONLY IN NONSTRESSED ANIMALS. NO CORRELATIONS WERE FOUND BETWEEN GENE EXPRESSION AND DNA METHYLATION LEVELS. THESE RESULTS IMPLY THAT EARLY-LIFE STRESS IN FEMALES INCREASED PREDISPOSITION TO DIET-INDUCED OBESITY IN ADULTHOOD.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
20  2101  32 EPIGENETIC EFFECTS OF PRENATAL STRESS ON 11BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE-2 IN THE PLACENTA AND FETAL BRAIN. MATERNAL EXPOSURE TO STRESS DURING PREGNANCY IS ASSOCIATED WITH SIGNIFICANT ALTERATIONS IN OFFSPRING NEURODEVELOPMENT AND ELEVATED MATERNAL GLUCOCORTICOIDS LIKELY PLAY A CENTRAL ROLE IN MEDIATING THESE EFFECTS. PLACENTAL 11BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE TYPE 2 (HSD11B2) BUFFERS THE IMPACT OF MATERNAL GLUCOCORTICOID EXPOSURE BY CONVERTING CORTISOL/CORTICOSTERONE INTO INACTIVE METABOLITES. HOWEVER, PREVIOUS STUDIES INDICATE THAT MATERNAL ADVERSITY DURING THE PRENATAL PERIOD CAN LEAD TO A DOWN-REGULATION OF THIS ENZYME. IN THE CURRENT STUDY, WE EXAMINED THE IMPACT OF PRENATAL STRESS (CHRONIC RESTRAINT STRESS DURING GESTATIONAL DAYS 14-20) IN LONG EVANS RATS ON HSD11B2 MRNA IN THE PLACENTA AND FETAL BRAIN (E20) AND ASSESSED THE ROLE OF EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN THESE STRESS-INDUCED EFFECTS. IN THE PLACENTA, PRENATAL STRESS WAS ASSOCIATED WITH A SIGNIFICANT DECREASE IN HSD11B2 MRNA, INCREASED MRNA LEVELS OF THE DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE DNMT3A, AND INCREASED DNA METHYLATION AT SPECIFIC CPG SITES WITHIN THE HSD11B2 GENE PROMOTER. WITHIN THE FETAL HYPOTHALAMUS, THOUGH WE FIND NO STRESS-INDUCED EFFECTS ON HSD11B2 MRNA LEVELS, PRENATAL STRESS INDUCED DECREASED CPG METHYLATION WITHIN THE HSD11B2 PROMOTER AND INCREASED METHYLATION AT SITES WITHIN EXON 1. WITHIN THE FETAL CORTEX, HSD11B2 MRNA AND DNA METHYLATION LEVELS WERE NOT ALTERED BY PRENATAL STRESS, THOUGH WE DID FIND STRESS-INDUCED ELEVATIONS IN DNMT1 MRNA IN THIS BRAIN REGION. WITHIN INDIVIDUALS, WE IDENTIFIED CPG SITES WITHIN THE HSD11B2 GENE PROMOTER AND EXON 1 AT WHICH DNA METHYLATION LEVELS WERE HIGHLY CORRELATED BETWEEN THE PLACENTA AND FETAL CORTEX. OVERALL, OUR FINDINGS IMPLICATE DNA METHYLATION AS A MECHANISM BY WHICH PRENATAL STRESS ALTERS HSD11B2 GENE EXPRESSION. THESE FINDINGS HIGHLIGHT THE TISSUE SPECIFICITY OF EPIGENETIC EFFECTS, BUT ALSO RAISE THE INTRIGUING POSSIBILITY OF USING THE EPIGENETIC STATUS OF PLACENTA TO PREDICT CORRESPONDING CHANGES IN THE BRAIN.	2012