1  1715 148 DYSLIPIDEMIC DIET-INDUCED MONOCYTE "PRIMING" AND DYSFUNCTION IN NON-HUMAN PRIMATES IS TRIGGERED BY ELEVATED PLASMA CHOLESTEROL AND ACCOMPANIED BY ALTERED HISTONE ACETYLATION. MONOCYTES AND THE RECRUITMENT OF MONOCYTE-DERIVED MACROPHAGES INTO SITES OF INFLAMMATION PLAY A KEY ROLE IN ATHEROGENESIS AND OTHER CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES LINKED TO CARDIOMETABOLIC SYNDROME AND OBESITY. PREVIOUS STUDIES FROM OUR GROUP HAVE SHOWN THAT METABOLIC STRESS PROMOTES MONOCYTE PRIMING, I.E., ENHANCED ADHESION AND ACCELERATED CHEMOTAXIS OF MONOCYTES IN RESPONSE TO CHEMOKINES, BOTH IN VITRO AND IN DYSLIPIDEMIC LDLR(-/-) MICE. WE ALSO SHOWED THAT METABOLIC STRESS-INDUCED MONOCYTE DYSFUNCTION IS, AT LEAST TO A LARGE EXTENT CAUSED BY THE S-GLUTATHIONYLATION, INACTIVATION, AND SUBSEQUENT DEGRADATION OF MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE PHOSPHATASE 1. HERE, WE ANALYZED THE EFFECTS OF A WESTERN-STYLE, DYSLIPIDEMIC DIET (DD), WHICH WAS COMPOSED OF HIGH LEVELS OF SATURATED FAT, CHOLESTEROL, AND SIMPLE SUGARS, ON MONOCYTE (DYS)FUNCTION IN NON-HUMAN PRIMATES (NHPS). WE FOUND THAT SIMILAR TO MICE, A DD ENHANCES MONOCYTE CHEMOTAXIS IN NHP WITHIN 4 WEEKS, OCCURRING CONCORDANTLY WITH THE ONSET OF HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA BUT PRIOR TO CHANGES IN TRIGLYCERIDES, BLOOD GLUCOSE, MONOCYTOSIS, OR CHANGES IN MONOCYTE SUBSET COMPOSITION. IN ADDITION, WE IDENTIFIED TRANSITORY DECREASES IN THE ACETYLATION OF HISTONE H3 AT THE LYSINE RESIDUES 18 AND 23 IN METABOLICALLY PRIMED MONOCYTES, AND WE FOUND THAT MONOCYTE PRIMING WAS CORRELATED WITH THE ACETYLATION OF HISTONE H3 AT LYSINE 27 AFTER AN 8-WEEK DD REGIMEN. OUR DATA SHOW THAT METABOLIC STRESS PROMOTES MONOCYTE PRIMING AND HYPER-CHEMOTACTIC RESPONSES IN NHP. THE HISTONE MODIFICATIONS ACCOMPANYING MONOCYTE PRIMING IN PRIMATES SUGGEST A REPROGRAMMING OF THE EPIGENETIC LANDSCAPE, WHICH MAY LEAD TO DYSREGULATED RESPONSES AND FUNCTIONALITIES IN MACROPHAGES DERIVED FROM PRIMED MONOCYTES THAT ARE RECRUITED TO SITES OF INFLAMMATION.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                       
2  5453  26 REPROGRAMMING OF COPD LUNG FIBROBLASTS THROUGH FORMATION OF INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. REPROGRAMMING SOMATIC CELLS TO INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS (IPSCS) ELIMINATES MANY EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS THAT CHARACTERIZE DIFFERENTIATED CELLS. IN THIS STUDY, WE TESTED WHETHER FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) AND NON-COPD FIBROBLASTS COULD BE REDUCED UTILIZING THIS APPROACH. PRIMARY FIBROBLASTS FROM NON-COPD AND COPD PATIENTS WERE REPROGRAMMED TO IPSCS. REPROGRAMMED IPSCS WERE POSITIVE FOR OCT3/4, NANOG, AND SOX2, FORMED EMBRYOID BODIES IN VITRO, AND INDUCED TERATOMAS IN NONOBESE DIABETIC/SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENT MICE. REPROGRAMMED IPSCS WERE THEN DIFFERENTIATED INTO FIBROBLASTS (NON-COPD-I AND COPD-I) AND WERE ASSESSED EITHER FUNCTIONALLY BY CHEMOTAXIS AND GEL CONTRACTION OR FOR GENE EXPRESSION BY MICROARRAYS AND COMPARED WITH THEIR CORRESPONDING PRIMARY FIBROBLASTS. PRIMARY COPD FIBROBLASTS CONTRACTED THREE-DIMENSIONAL COLLAGEN GELS AND MIGRATED TOWARD FIBRONECTIN LESS ROBUSTLY THAN NON-COPD FIBROBLASTS. IN CONTRAST, REDIFFERENTIATED FIBROBLASTS FROM IPSCS DERIVED FROM THE NON-COPD AND COPD FIBROBLASTS WERE SIMILAR IN RESPONSE IN BOTH FUNCTIONAL ASSAYS. MICROARRAY ANALYSIS IDENTIFIED 1,881 GENES THAT WERE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED BETWEEN PRIMARY COPD AND NON-COPD FIBROBLASTS, WITH 605 GENES DIFFERING BY MORE THAN TWOFOLD. AFTER REDIFFERENTIATION, 112 GENES WERE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED BETWEEN COPD-I AND NON-COPD-I WITH ONLY THREE GENES BY MORE THAN TWOFOLD. SIMILAR FINDINGS WERE OBSERVED WITH MICRORNA (MIRNA) EXPRESSION: 56 MIRNAS WERE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED BETWEEN NON-COPD AND COPD PRIMARY CELLS; AFTER REDIFFERENTIATION, ONLY 3 MIRNAS WERE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED BETWEEN NON-COPD-I AND COPD-I FIBROBLASTS. INTERESTINGLY, OF THE 605 GENES THAT WERE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED BETWEEN COPD AND NON-COPD FIBROBLASTS, 293 GENES WERE CHANGED TOWARD CONTROL AFTER REDIFFERENTIATION. IN CONCLUSION, FUNCTIONAL AND EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS OF COPD FIBROBLASTS CAN BE REPROGRAMMED THROUGH FORMATION OF IPSCS.	2014	
                                   
3  4081  34 MATERNAL MICRONUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTATION SUPPRESSES T CELL CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR EXPRESSION AND FUNCTION IN F1 MICE. PRENATAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES PLAY A CRITICAL ROLE IN DETERMINING LATE-LIFE CHRONIC DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY. HOWEVER, THE MECHANISMS LINKING THE IN UTERO ENVIRONMENT AND DISEASE DEVELOPMENT IN THE OFFSPRING ARE POORLY UNDERSTOOD. RECENT INVESTIGATIONS HAVE CONFIRMED A CENTRAL PATHOGENIC ROLE OF T CELL CHEMOKINE RECEPTORS, PARTICULARLY C-C CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR (CCR) 2 AND CCR5, IN CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS. THIS STUDY WAS DESIGNED TO DETERMINE THE EFFECT OF A SYNTHETIC PRENATAL MICRONUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTATION (MS) DIET RICH IN METHIONINE PATHWAY METABOLITES ON THE T CELL CHEMOKINE SYSTEM IN F1 C57BL/6 MICE. FEMALE MICE WERE FED EITHER AN MS OR CONTROL DIET 3 WK PRIOR TO MATING, DURING PREGNANCY, AND LACTATION. AT 4 WK OF AGE, F1 MICE WERE KILLED FOR EXPERIMENTS OR WERE FED THE STANDARD NIH-31 DIET AND ALLOWED TO AGE. FOOD CONSUMPTION, MATERNAL WEIGHT GAIN, AND LITTER SIZE WERE SIMILAR IN DAMS FED THE CONTROL AND MS DIETS. HOWEVER, THE F1 OFFSPRING OF DAMS FED THE MS DIET WERE SMALLER IN SIZE (P < 0.001). T CELLS FROM THE MS F1 OFFSPRING HAD GLOBAL HYPERMETHYLATION COMPARED WITH CONTROL F1 OFFSPRING (P < 0.005), CORRESPONDING TO LOWER T CELL CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR EXPRESSION [CCR2 (P < 0.001), CCR5 (P < 0.001), AND C-X-C CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR 3 (P < 0.01)] AND CYTOKINE EXPRESSION [TNFALPHA (P < 0.05), IL-2 (P < 0.001), AND IL-4 (P < 0.01)]. REDUCED T CELL CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR GENE EXPRESSION IN MS F1 MICE WAS ASSOCIATED WITH DECREASED CHEMOTAXIS IN VITRO TO C-C CHEMOKINE LIGAND (CCL) 2 AND C-X-C CHEMOKINE LIGAND 10 (P < 0.01) AND IN VIVO TO CCL2 (P < 0.01). TAKEN TOGETHER, THE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT EPIGENETIC ALTERATION THROUGH PRENATAL DIET MANIPULATION REDUCES THE RESPONSE TO PROINFLAMMATORY SIGNALS IN MICE.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
4  5539  25 ROLE OF CYSTIC FIBROSIS BRONCHIAL EPITHELIUM IN NEUTROPHIL CHEMOTAXIS. A HALLMARK OF CYSTIC FIBROSIS (CF) CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE IS AN EXTENSIVE NEUTROPHIL INFILTRATE IN THE MUCOSA FILLING THE BRONCHIAL LUMEN, STARTING EARLY IN LIFE FOR CF INFANTS. THE GENETIC DEFECT OF THE CF TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR (CFTR) ION CHANNEL PROMOTES DEHYDRATION OF THE AIRWAY SURFACE LIQUID, ALTERS MUCUS PROPERTIES, AND DECREASES MUCOCILIARY CLEARANCE, FAVORING THE ONSET OF RECURRENT AND, ULTIMATELY, CHRONIC BACTERIAL INFECTION. NEUTROPHIL INFILTRATES ARE UNABLE TO CLEAR BACTERIAL INFECTION AND, AS AN ADVERSE EFFECT, CONTRIBUTE TO MUCOSAL TISSUE DAMAGE BY RELEASING PROTEASES AND REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES. MOREOVER, THE RAPID CELLULAR TURNOVER OF LUMENAL NEUTROPHILS RELEASES NUCLEIC ACIDS THAT FURTHER ALTER THE MUCUS VISCOSITY. A PROMINENT ROLE IN THE RECRUITMENT OF NEUTROPHIL IN BRONCHIAL MUCOSA IS PLAYED BY CF BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL CELLS CARRYING THE DEFECTIVE CFTR PROTEIN AND ARE EXPOSED TO WHOLE BACTERIA AND BACTERIAL PRODUCTS, MAKING PHARMACOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO REGULATE THE EXAGGERATED NEUTROPHIL CHEMOTAXIS IN CF A RELEVANT THERAPEUTIC TARGET. HERE WE REVISE: (A) THE MAJOR RECEPTORS, KINASES, AND TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS LEADING TO THE EXPRESSION, AND RELEASE OF NEUTROPHIL CHEMOKINES IN BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL CELLS; (B) THE ROLE OF INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS AND, IN PARTICULAR, THE CALCIUM CROSSTALK BETWEEN ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM AND MITOCHONDRIA; (C) THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF THE KEY CHEMOKINES; (D) THE ROLE OF MUTANT CFTR PROTEIN AS A CO-REGULATOR OF CHEMOKINES TOGETHER WITH THE HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS; AND (E) DIFFERENT PHARMACOLOGICAL STRATEGIES TO REGULATE THE EXPRESSION OF CHEMOKINES IN CF BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL CELLS THROUGH NOVEL DRUG DISCOVERY AND DRUG REPURPOSING.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
5  3192  20 HDAC INHIBITION COUNTERACTS METASTATIC RE-ACTIVATION OF PROSTATE CANCER CELLS INDUCED BY CHRONIC MTOR SUPPRESSION. THIS STUDY WAS DESIGNED TO INVESTIGATE WHETHER EPIGENETIC MODULATION BY HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC) INHIBITION MIGHT CIRCUMVENT RESISTANCE TOWARDS THE MECHANISTIC TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (MTOR) INHIBITOR TEMSIROLIMUS IN A PROSTATE CANCER CELL MODEL. PARENTAL (PAR) AND TEMSIROLIMUS-RESISTANT (RES) PC3 PROSTATE CANCER CELLS WERE EXPOSED TO THE HDAC INHIBITOR VALPROIC ACID (VPA), AND TUMOR CELL ADHESION, CHEMOTAXIS, MIGRATION, AND INVASION WERE EVALUATED. TEMSIROLIMUS RESISTANCE WAS CHARACTERIZED BY REDUCED BINDING OF PC3(RES) CELLS TO ENDOTHELIUM, IMMOBILIZED COLLAGEN, AND FIBRONECTIN, BUT INCREASED ADHESION TO LAMININ, AS COMPARED TO THE PARENTAL CELLS. CHEMOTAXIS, MIGRATION, AND INVASION OF PC3(RES) CELLS WERE ENHANCED FOLLOWING TEMSIROLIMUS RE-TREATMENT. INTEGRIN ALPHA AND BETA RECEPTORS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY ALTERED IN PC3(RES) COMPARED TO PC3(PAR) CELLS. VPA SIGNIFICANTLY COUNTERACTED TEMSIROLIMUS RESISTANCE BY DOWN-REGULATING TUMOR CELL(-)MATRIX INTERACTION, CHEMOTAXIS, AND MIGRATION. EVALUATION OF INTEGRIN EXPRESSION IN THE PRESENCE OF VPA REVEALED A SIGNIFICANT DOWN-REGULATION OF INTEGRIN ALPHA5 IN PC3(RES) CELLS. BLOCKING STUDIES DEMONSTRATED A CLOSE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ALPHA5 EXPRESSION ON PC3(RES) AND CHEMOTAXIS. IN THIS IN VITRO MODEL, TEMSIROLIMUS RESISTANCE DROVE PROSTATE CANCER CELLS TO BECOME HIGHLY MOTILE, WHILE HDAC INHIBITION REVERSED THE METASTATIC ACTIVITY. THE VPA-INDUCED INHIBITION OF METASTATIC ACTIVITY WAS ACCOMPANIED BY A LOWERED INTEGRIN ALPHA5 SURFACE LEVEL ON THE TUMOR CELLS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
6  4564  32 MYELOID KDM6B DEFICIENCY RESULTS IN ADVANCED ATHEROSCLEROSIS. BACKGROUND AND AIMS: ATHEROSCLEROSIS IS A LIPID-DRIVEN CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISORDER OF THE ARTERIES, AND MONOCYTES AND MACROPHAGES PLAY A CENTRAL ROLE IN THIS PROCESS. WITHIN THE ATHEROSCLEROTIC LESION, MACROPHAGES CAN SCAVENGE MODIFIED LIPIDS AND BECOME THE SO-CALLED FOAM CELLS. WE PREVIOUSLY REPORTED THAT THE EPIGENETIC ENZYME KDM6B (ALSO KNOWN AS JMJD3) CONTROLS THE PRO-FIBROTIC TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROFILE OF PERITONEAL FOAM CELLS. GIVEN THE IMPORTANCE OF THESE CELLS IN ATHEROSCLEROSIS, WE NOW STUDIED THE EFFECT OF MYELOID KDM6B ON DISEASE PROGRESSION. METHODS: BONE MARROW OF MYELOID KDM6B DEFICIENT (KDM6B(DEL)) MICE OR WILD TYPE LITTERMATES (KDM6B(WT)) WAS TRANSPLANTED TO LETHALLY IRRADIATED LDLR(-/-) MICE FED A HIGH FAT DIET FOR 9 WEEKS TO INDUCE ATHEROSCLEROSIS. RESULTS: LESION SIZE WAS SIMILAR IN KDM6B(WT) AND KDM6B(DEL) TRANSPLANTED MICE. HOWEVER, LESIONS OF KDM6B(DEL) MICE CONTAINED MORE COLLAGEN AND WERE MORE NECROTIC. PATHWAY ANALYSIS ON PERITONEAL FOAM CELLS SHOWED THAT THE PATHWAY INVOLVED IN LEUKOCYTE CHEMOTAXIS WAS MOST SIGNIFICANTLY UPREGULATED. ALTHOUGH MACROPHAGE AND NEUTROPHIL CONTENT WAS SIMILAR AFTER 9 WEEKS OF HIGH FAT DIET FEEDING, THE RELATIVE INCREASE IN COLLAGEN CONTENT AND NECROSIS REVEALED THAT ATHEROSCLEROTIC LESIONS IN KDM6B(DEL) MICE PROGRESS FASTER. CONCLUSION: MYELOID KDM6B DEFICIENCY RESULTS IN MORE ADVANCED ATHEROSCLEROSIS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
7   362  37 AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION IMPAIRS REGULATORY T-CELL FUNCTION IN ASTHMA. BACKGROUND: ASTHMA IS THE MOST FREQUENT CHRONIC DISEASE IN CHILDREN, AND CHILDREN ARE AT HIGH RISK FOR ADVERSE HEALTH CONSEQUENCES ASSOCIATED WITH AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION (AAP) EXPOSURE. REGULATORY T (TREG) CELLS ARE SUPPRESSORS OF IMMUNE RESPONSES INVOLVED IN ASTHMA PATHOGENESIS. TREG-CELL IMPAIRMENT IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED DNA METHYLATION OF FORKHEAD BOX TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 3 (FOXP3), A KEY TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR IN TREG-CELL ACTIVITY. BECAUSE AAP EXPOSURE CAN INDUCE EPIGENETIC CHANGES, WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT TREG-CELL FUNCTION WOULD BE IMPAIRED BY AAP, ALLOWING AMPLIFICATION OF AN INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE. OBJECTIVES: TO ASSESS WHETHER EXPOSURE TO AAP LED TO HYPERMETHYLATION OF THE FOXP3 GENE, CAUSING IMPAIRED TREG-CELL SUPPRESSION AND WORSENED ASTHMA SYMPTOM SCORES. METHODS: CHILDREN WITH AND WITHOUT ASTHMA FROM FRESNO, CALIF (HIGH POLLUTION, FRESNO ASTHMA GROUP [FA], N = 71, AND FRESNO NON ASTHMATIC GROUP, N = 30, RESPECTIVELY), AND FROM STANFORD, CALIF (LOW POLLUTION, STANFORD ASTHMA GROUP, N = 40, AND STANFORD NON ASTHMATIC GROUP, N = 40), WERE ENROLLED IN A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY. PERIPHERAL BLOOD TREG CELLS WERE USED IN FUNCTIONAL AND EPIGENETIC STUDIES. ASTHMA OUTCOMES WERE ASSESSED BY GLOBAL INITIATIVE IN ASTHMA SCORE. RESULTS: FRESNO ASTHMA GROUP TREG-CELL SUPPRESSION WAS IMPAIRED AND FA TREG-CELL CHEMOTAXIS WERE REDUCED COMPARED WITH OTHER GROUPS (P </= .05). TREG-CELL DYSFUNCTION WAS ASSOCIATED WITH MORE PRONOUNCED DECREASES IN ASTHMA GLOBAL INITIATIVE IN ASTHMA SCORE IN FA VERSUS THE STANFORD ASTHMA GROUP. FOXP3 WAS DECREASED IN FA COMPARED WITH THE FRESNO NON ASTHMATIC GROUP (P </= .05). FA ALSO CONTAINED SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER LEVELS OF METHYLATION AT THE FOXP3 LOCUS (P </= .05). CONCLUSION: INCREASED EXPOSURE TO AAP IS ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERMETHYLATION OF THE FOXP3 LOCUS, IMPAIRING TREG-CELL FUNCTION AND INCREASING ASTHMA MORBIDITY. AAP COULD PLAY A ROLE IN MEDIATING EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN TREG CELLS, WHICH MAY WORSEN ASTHMA BY AN IMMUNE MECHANISM.	2010	
                                                       
8  3477  23 IDENTIFICATION OF ABNORMALLY METHYLATED DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES IN CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS BY INTEGRATED BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSIS. BACKGROUND: DNA METHYLATION PLAYS A VITAL ROLE AS AN EPIGENETIC CHANGE THAT CONTRIBUTES TO CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS. OBJECTIVE: THIS STUDY AIMED TO INTEGRATE TWO METHYLATION DATASETS (GSE173081 AND GSE59962) AND TWO GENE EXPRESSION DATASETS (GSE10334 AND GES16134) TO IDENTIFY ABNORMALLY METHYLATED DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES RELATED TO CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS. METHODS: DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED GENES WERE OBTAINED. FUNCTIONAL ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS OF DMGS WAS PERFORMED. THE PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTION (PPI) NETWORK WAS CONSTRUCTED USING STRING AND CYTOSCAPE SOFTWARE. FINALLY, THE HUB GENES WERE SELECTED FROM THE PPI NETWORK BY USING CYTOHUBBA. RESULTS: IN TOTAL, 122 HYPOMETHYLATED AND HIGHLY EXPRESSED GENES WERE ENRICHED IN THE BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS THAT ARE INVOLVED IN THE DIFFERENTIATION OF EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX ORGANIZATION, EXTRACELLULAR STRUCTURE ORGANIZATION, AND CELL CHEMOTAXIS. THE THREE SELECTED HUB GENES OF THE PPI NETWORK WERE IL1B, KDR, AND MMP9. A TOTAL OF 122 HYPERMETHYLATED AND LOWLY EXPRESSED GENES WERE IDENTIFIED, AND BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES, SUCH AS CORNIFICATION, EPIDERMIS DEVELOPMENT, SKIN DEVELOPMENT, AND KERATINOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION WERE ENRICHED. CDSN DSG1, AND KRT2 WERE IDENTIFIED AS THE TOP 3 HUB GENES OF THE PPI NETWORK. CONCLUSION: BASED ON THE COMPREHENSIVE BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSIS, SIX HUB GENES (IL1B, KDR, MMP9, CDSN DSG1, AND KRT2) WERE ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS. OUR FINDINGS PROVIDE NOVEL INSIGHTS INTO THE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
9  4303  34 MICRORNA-223 INHIBITS TISSUE FACTOR EXPRESSION IN VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS. OBJECTIVE: ATHEROSCLEROSIS IS A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY PROCESS, IN WHICH VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS (ECS) BECOME DYSFUNCTIONAL OWING TO THE EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES, SUCH AS INFLAMMATORY FACTOR AND GROWTH FACTORS. TISSUE FACTOR (TF) EXPRESSION IS INDUCED BY THE ABOVE CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES IN ACTIVATED ECS. TF INITIATES THROMBOSIS ON DISRUPTED ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES WHICH PLAYS AN ESSENTIAL ROLE DURING THE ONSET OF ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES (ACS). INCREASING EVIDENCES SUGGEST THE IMPORTANT ROLE OF MICRORNAS AS EPIGENETIC REGULATORS OF ATHEROSCLEROTIC DISEASE. THE AIM OF OUR STUDY IS TO IDENTIFY IF MICRORNA-223 (MIR-223) TARGETS TF IN ECS. METHODS AND RESULTS: BIOINFORMATIC ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT TF IS A TARGET CANDIDATE OF MIR-223. WESTERN BLOTTING ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA (TNF-ALPHA) INCREASED TF EXPRESSION IN AORTA OF C57BL/6J MICE AND CULTURED ECS (EA.HY926 CELLS AND HUVEC) AFTER 4 H TREATMENT. IN TNF-ALPHA TREATED ECS, TF MRNA WAS ALSO INCREASED MEASURED BY REAL-TIME PCR. REAL-TIME PCR RESULTS SHOWED THAT MIR-223 LEVELS WERE DOWNREGULATED IN TNF-ALPHA-TREATED AORTA OF C57BL/6J MICE AND CULTURED ECS. TRANSFECTION OF ECS WITH MIR-223 MIMIC OR MIR-223 INHIBITOR MODIFIED TF EXPRESSION BOTH IN MRNA AND PROTEIN LEVELS. LUCIFERASE ASSAYS CONFIRMED THAT MIR-223 SUPPRESSED TF EXPRESSION BY BINDING TO THE SEQUENCE OF TF 3'-UNTRANSLATED REGIONS (3'UTR). TF PROCOAGULANT ACTIVITY WAS INHIBITED BY OVEREXPRESSING MIR-223 WITH OR WITHOUT TNF-ALPHA STIMULATION. CONCLUSIONS: MIR-223-MEDIATED SUPPRESSION OF TF EXPRESSION PROVIDES A NOVEL MOLECULAR MECHANISM FOR THE REGULATION OF COAGULATION CASCADE, AND SUGGESTS A CLUE AGAINST THROMBOGENESIS DURING THE PROCESS OF ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUE RUPTURE.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
10  6580  23 TREPONEMA DENTICOLA INCREASES MMP-2 EXPRESSION AND ACTIVATION IN THE PERIODONTIUM VIA REVERSIBLE DNA AND HISTONE MODIFICATIONS. HOST-DERIVED MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES (MMPS) AND BACTERIAL PROTEASES MEDIATE DESTRUCTION OF EXTRACELLULAR MATRICES AND SUPPORTING ALVEOLAR BONE IN PERIODONTITIS. THE TREPONEMA DENTICOLA DENTILISIN PROTEASE INDUCES MMP-2 EXPRESSION AND ACTIVATION IN PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT (PDL) CELLS, AND DENTILISIN-MEDIATED ACTIVATION OF PRO-MMP-2 IS REQUIRED FOR CELLULAR FIBRONECTIN DEGRADATION. HERE, WE REPORT THAT T. DENTICOLA REGULATES MMP-2 EXPRESSION THROUGH EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN THE PERIODONTIUM. PDL CELLS WERE TREATED WITH EPIGENETIC ENZYME INHIBITORS BEFORE OR AFTER T. DENTICOLA CHALLENGE. FIBRONECTIN FRAGMENTATION, MMP-2 EXPRESSION, AND ACTIVATION WERE ASSESSED BY IMMUNOBLOT, ZYMOGRAPHY, AND QRT-PCR, RESPECTIVELY. CHROMATIN MODIFICATION ENZYME EXPRESSION IN T. DENTICOLA-CHALLENGED PDL CELLS AND PERIODONTAL TISSUES WERE EVALUATED USING GENE ARRAYS. SEVERAL CLASSES OF EPIGENETIC ENZYMES SHOWED SIGNIFICANT ALTERATIONS IN TRANSCRIPTION IN DISEASED TISSUE AND T. DENTICOLA-CHALLENGED PDL CELLS. T. DENTICOLA-MEDIATED MMP-2 EXPRESSION AND ACTIVATION WERE SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED IN PDL CELLS TREATED WITH INHIBITORS OF AURORA KINASES AND HISTONE DEACETYLASES. IN CONTRAST, DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITORS HAD LITTLE EFFECT, AND INHIBITORS OF HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASES, METHYLTRANSFERASES, AND DEMETHYLASES EXACERBATED T. DENTICOLA-MEDIATED MMP-2 EXPRESSION AND ACTIVATION. CHRONIC EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN PERIODONTAL TISSUES MEDIATED BY T. DENTICOLA OR OTHER ORAL MICROBES MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE LIMITED SUCCESS OF CONVENTIONAL TREATMENT OF CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS AND MAY BE AMENABLE TO THERAPEUTIC REVERSAL.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
11  3953  31 LOCUS-SPECIFIC REVERSIBLE DNA METHYLATION REGULATES TRANSIENT IL-10 EXPRESSION IN TH1 CELLS. IL-10 IS A PLEIOTROPIC CYTOKINE WITH MULTIFACETED FUNCTIONS IN ESTABLISHING IMMUNE HOMEOSTASIS. ALTHOUGH EXPRESSED BY TH1 AND TH2 CELLS, CONVENTIONAL TH1 CELLS PRODUCE MARGINAL LEVELS OF IL-10 COMPARED WITH THEIR TH2 COUNTERPARTS. IN THIS STUDY, WE INVESTIGATED THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS OF IL-10 GENE EXPRESSION IN TH1 CELLS. BIOINFORMATICS EMBOSS CPG PLOT ANALYSIS AND BISULFITE PYROSEQUENCING REVEALED THREE CPG DNA METHYLATION SITES IN THE IL-10 GENE LOCUS. PROGRESSIVE DNA METHYLATION AT ALL OF THE CPG REGIONS OF INTEREST (ROIS) ESTABLISHED A REPRESSIVE PROGRAM OF IL-10 GENE EXPRESSION IN TH1 CELLS. INTERESTINGLY, TH1 CELLS TREATED WITH IL-12 AND IL-27 CYTOKINES, THEREBY MIMICKING A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY CONDITION IN VIVO, DISPLAYED A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN IL-10 PRODUCTION THAT WAS ACCOMPANIED BY SELECTIVE DNA DEMETHYLATION AT ROI 3 LOCATED IN INTRON 3. IL-10-PRODUCING T CELLS ISOLATED FROM LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS-INFECTED MICE ALSO SHOWED ENHANCED DNA DEMETHYLATION AT ROI 3. BINDING OF STAT1 AND STAT3 TO DEMETHYLATED ROI 3 ENHANCED IL-10 EXPRESSION IN AN IL-12/IL-27-DEPENDENT MANNER. ACCORDINGLY, CD4(+) T CELLS ISOLATED FROM STAT1- OR STAT3-KNOCKOUT MICE WERE SIGNIFICANTLY DEFECTIVE IN IL-10 PRODUCTION. OUR DATA SUGGEST THAT, ALTHOUGH STABLY MAINTAINED DNA METHYLATION AT THE PROMOTER MAY REPRESS IL-10 EXPRESSION IN TH1 CELLS, LOCUS-SPECIFIC REVERSIBLE DNA DEMETHYLATION MAY SERVE AS A THRESHOLD PLATFORM TO CONTROL TRANSIENT IL-10 GENE EXPRESSION.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
12  6368  25 THE ROLE OF MICRORNAS IN CHRONIC PSEUDOMONAS LUNG INFECTION IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS. BACKGROUND: CYSTIC FIBROSIS (CF) IS THE MOST COMMON LIFE LIMITING GENETIC DISORDER, CHARACTERIZED BY CHRONIC RESPIRATORY FAILURE SECONDARY TO INFLAMMATION AND CHRONIC BACTERIAL LUNG INFECTION. PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA LUNG INFECTION IS ASSOCIATED WITH MORE SEVERE LUNG DISEASE AND RAPID PROGRESSION OF RESPIRATORY FAILURE WHEN COMPARED TO STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS INFECTION. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT A SPECIFIC SIGNATURE OF EPIGENETIC FACTORS TARGETING SPECIFIC GENE TRANSCRIPTS CONTRIBUTES TO THE INCREASED MORBIDITY SEEN IN CF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PSEUDOMONAS INFECTION. METHODS: WE COLLECTED EXHALED BREATH CONDENSATE (EBC) FROM 27 SUBJECTS AND EVALUATED MIRNA SIGNATURES IN THESE SAMPLES USING COMMERCIAL PCR ARRAY. WE IDENTIFIED PREDICTED MRNA TARGETS AND ASSOCIATED SIGNALING PATHWAYS USING INGENUITY PATHWAY ANALYSIS. RESULTS: WE FOUND 11 DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED MIRNAS IN EBC OF PATIENTS INFECTED WITH PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA COMPARED TO EBC FROM CF PATIENTS WHO WERE NOT CHRONICALLY INFECTED WITH PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA (P < 0.05). SIX OF THESE MIRNAS (HSA-MIRNA-1247, HSA-MIRNA-1276, HSA-MIRNA-449C, HSA-MIRNA-3170, HSA-MIRNA-432-5P AND HSA-MIR-548) WERE SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT IN THE CF PSEUDOMONAS POSITIVE GROUP WHEN COMPARED TO BOTH THE CF PSEUDOMONAS NEGATIVE GROUP AND HEALTHY CONTROL GROUP. INGENUITY PATHWAY ANALYSIS (IPA) REVEALED ORGANISMAL INJURY AND ABNORMALITIES, REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM DISEASE AND CANCER AS THE TOP DISEASES AND BIO FUNCTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THESE MIRNAS. IPA ALSO DETECTED RELA, JUN, TNF, IL-10, CTNNB1, IL-13, SERPINB8, CALM1, STARD3NL, SFI1, CD55, RPS6KA4, TTC36 AND HIST1H3D AS THE TOP TARGET GENES FOR THESE MIRNAS. CONCLUSION: OUR STUDY IDENTIFIED 6 MIRNAS AS EPIGENETIC FACTORS SPECIFICALLY ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC PSEUDOMONAS INFECTION IN PATIENTS WITH CF.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
13  1472  30 DISTINCT MECHANISMS REGULATE IL1B GENE TRANSCRIPTION IN LYMPHOID CD4 T CELLS AND MONOCYTES. INTERLEUKIN 1BETA IS A PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE IMPORTANT FOR BOTH NORMAL IMMUNE RESPONSES AND CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES. THE REGULATION OF THE 31 KDA PROIL-1BETA PRECURSOR CODED BY THE IL1B GENE HAS BEEN EXTENSIVELY STUDIED IN MYELOID CELLS, BUT NOT IN LYMPHOID-DERIVED CD4 T CELLS. SURPRISINGLY, WE FOUND THAT SOME CD4 T CELL SUBSETS EXPRESS HIGHER LEVELS OF PROIL-1BETA THAN UNSTIMULATED MONOCYTES, DESPITE RELATIVELY LOW IL1B MRNA LEVELS. WE OBSERVED A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN IL1B TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION IN CD4 T CELLS UPON EX VIVO CD3/CD28 ACTIVATION, AND A SIMILAR ELEVATION IN THE CCR5+ EFFECTOR MEMORY POPULATION COMPARED TO CCR5- T CELLS IN VIVO. THE RAPID AND VIGOROUS INCREASE IN IL1B GENE TRANSCRIPTION FOR STIMULATED MONOCYTES HAS PREVIOUSLY BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH THE PRESENCE OF SPI-1/PU.1 (SPI1), A MYELOID-LINEAGE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR, PRE-BOUND TO THE PROMOTER. IN THE CASE OF CD4 T CELLS, THIS INCREASE OCCURRED DESPITE THE LACK OF DETECTABLE SPI1 AT THE IL1B PROMOTER. ADDITIONALLY, WE FOUND ALTERED EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF THE IL1B LOCUS IN CD3/CD28-ACTIVATED CD4 T CELLS. UNLIKE MONOCYTES, ACTIVATED CD4 T CELLS POSSESS BIVALENT H3K4ME3+/H3K27ME3+ NUCLEOSOME MARKS AT THE IL1B PROMOTER, REFLECTING LOW TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVITY. THESE RESULTS SUPPORT A MODEL IN WHICH THE IL1B GENE IN CD4 T CELLS IS TRANSCRIBED FROM A LOW-ACTIVITY BIVALENT PROMOTER INDEPENDENT OF SPI1. ACCUMULATED CYTOPLASMIC PROIL-1BETA MAY ULTIMATELY BE CLEAVED TO MATURE 17 KDA BIOACTIVE IL-1BETA, REGULATING T CELL POLARIZATION AND PATHOGENIC CHRONIC INFLAMMATION.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
14  1826  28 EFFECTS OF HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR ON EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PRODUCTION IN HUMAN NASAL POLYP ORGAN CULTURES. BACKGROUND: NASAL POLYPOSIS IS ASSOCIATED WITH A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY CONDITION OF THE SINONASAL MUCOSA AND INVOLVES MYOFIBROBLAST DIFFERENTIATION AND EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX (ECM) ACCUMULATION. EPIGENETIC MODULATION BY HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC) INHIBITORS INCLUDING TRICHOSTATIN A (TSA) HAS BEEN REPORTED TO HAVE INHIBITORY EFFECTS ON MYOFIBROBLAST DIFFERENTIATION IN LUNG AND RENAL FIBROBLASTS. THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE INHIBITORY EFFECT OF TSA ON MYOFIBROBLAST DIFFERENTIATION AND ECM PRODUCTION IN NASAL POLYP ORGAN CULTURES. METHODS: NASAL POLYP TISSUES FROM 18 PATIENTS WERE ACQUIRED DURING ENDOSCOPIC SINUS SURGERY. AFTER ORGAN CULTURE, NASAL POLYPS WERE STIMULATED WITH TGF-BETA1 AND THEN TREATED WITH TSA. ALPHA-SMOOTH MUSCLE ACTIN (ALPHA-SMA), FIBRONECTIN, AND COLLAGEN TYPE I EXPRESSION LEVELS WERE EXAMINED BY REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR), REAL-TIME PCR, WESTERN BLOT, AND IMMUNOFLUORESCENT STAINING. HDAC2, HDAC4, AND ACETYLATED H4 EXPRESSION LEVELS WERE ASSAYED BY WESTERN BLOT. CYTOTOXICITY WAS ANALYZED BY THE TERMINAL DEOXYNUCLEOTIDYL TRANSFERASE BIOTIN-DUTP NICK END LABELING ASSAY. RESULTS: THE EXPRESSION LEVELS OF ALPHA-SMA, FIBRONECTIN, AND COLLAGEN TYPE 1 WERE INCREASED IN NASAL POLYP AFTER TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR (TGF) BETA1 TREATMENT. TSA-INHIBITED TGF-BETA1 INDUCED THESE GENE AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION LEVELS. FURTHERMORE, TSA SUPPRESSED PROTEIN EXPRESSION LEVELS OF HDAC2 AND HDAC4. HOWEVER, TSA INDUCED HYPERACETYLATION OF HISTONES H4. TREATMENT WITH TGF-BETA1 WITH OR WITHOUT TSA DID NOT HAVE CYTOTOXIC EFFECT. CONCLUSION: THESE FINDINGS PROVIDE NOVEL INSIGHTS INTO THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION IN MYOFIBROBLAST DIFFERENTIATION AND ECM PRODUCTION OF NASAL POLYP. TSA COULD BE A CANDIDATE OF A THERAPEUTIC AGENT FOR REVERSING THE TGF-BETA1-INDUCED ECM SYNTHESIS THAT LEADS TO NASAL POLYP DEVELOPMENT.	2013	
                                                                                                                              
15  3759  30 INTEGRATED SINGLE CELL ANALYSIS SHOWS CHRONIC ALCOHOL DRINKING DISRUPTS MONOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION IN THE BONE MARROW NICHE. CHRONIC ALCOHOL DRINKING REWIRES CIRCULATING MONOCYTES AND TISSUE-RESIDENT MACROPHAGES TOWARDS HEIGHTENED INFLAMMATORY STATES WITH COMPROMISED ANTI-MICROBIAL DEFENSES. AS THESE EFFECTS REMAIN CONSISTENT IN SHORT-LIVED MONOCYTES AFTER A 1-MONTH ABSTINENCE PERIOD IT IS UNCLEAR WHETHER THESE CHANGES ARE RESTRICTED TO THE PERIPHERY OR MEDIATED THROUGH ALTERATIONS IN THE PROGENITOR NICHE. TO TEST THIS HYPOTHESIS, WE PROFILED MONOCYTES/MACROPHAGES AND HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL PROGENITORS (HSCP) OF THE BONE MARROW COMPARTMENT FROM RHESUS MACAQUES AFTER 12 MONTHS OF ETHANOL CONSUMPTION USING A COMBINATION OF FUNCTIONAL ASSAYS AND SINGLE CELL GENOMICS. BONE MARROW-RESIDENT MONOCYTES/MACROPHAGES FROM ETHANOL-CONSUMING ANIMALS EXHIBITED HEIGHTENED INFLAMMATION. DIFFERENTIATION OF HSCP IN VITRO REVEALED SKEWING TOWARDS MONOCYTES EXPRESSING NEUTROPHIL-LIKE MARKERS WITH HEIGHTENED INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES TO BACTERIAL AGONISTS. SINGLE CELL TRANSCRIPTIONAL ANALYSIS OF HSCPS SHOWED REDUCED PROLIFERATION BUT INCREASED INFLAMMATORY MARKERS IN MATURE MYELOID PROGENITORS. WE OBSERVED TRANSCRIPTIONAL SIGNATURES ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED OXIDATIVE AND CELLULAR STRESS AS WELL AS OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION IN IMMATURE AND MATURE MYELOID PROGENITORS. SINGLE CELL ANALYSIS OF THE CHROMATIN LANDSCAPE SHOWED ALTERED DRIVERS OF DIFFERENTIATION IN MONOCYTES AND PROGENITORS. COLLECTIVELY, THESE DATA INDICATE THAT CHRONIC ETHANOL DRINKING RESULTS IN REMODELING OF THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND EPIGENETIC LANDSCAPES OF THE BONE MARROW COMPARTMENT LEADING TO ALTERED FUNCTIONS IN THE PERIPHERY.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
16  4292  39 MICRORNA PROFILES OF MATERNAL AND NEONATAL ENDOTHELIAL PROGENITOR CELLS IN PREECLAMPSIA. PREECLAMPSIA IS ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASED CARDIOVASCULAR MORBIDITY OF MOTHER AND OFFSPRING, THUS CONTRIBUTING TO A SUBSTANTIAL BURDEN IN WOMEN AND CHILDREN'S HEALTH. IT HAS BEEN PROVEN THAT ENDOTHELIAL PROGENITOR CELL (EPC) NUMBERS AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS ARE IMPAIRED IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND PREECLAMPSIA, ALTHOUGH CAUSATIVE FACTORS FOR THE LATTER HAVE REMAINED ELUSIVE. MICRORNA (MIRNA) MODIFICATIONS ARE A POTENTIAL MECHANISM THROUGH WHICH EXPOSURE TO AN ALTERED ENVIRONMENT TRANSLATES INTO THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHRONIC DISEASE. IN THIS STUDY, WE EXAMINED WHETHER DEVELOPMENT OF PREECLAMPSIA CORRESPONDS TO ALTERATIONS OF MIRNAS IN MATERNAL- AND CORD-BLOOD-DERIVED EPC. TO TEST THIS END, WE ANALYZED MATERNAL AND NEONATAL MIRNAS VIA RNA SEQUENCING FROM ENDOTHELIAL CELLS OF PREECLAMPTIC AND HEALTHY CONTROLS IN DIFFERENT CELL CULTURE PASSAGES. WE WERE ABLE TO DEMONSTRATE DIFFERENTIALLY REPRESENTED MIRNAS IN ALL GROUPS. HSA-MIR-1270 SHOWED SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT LEVELS IN CORD BLOOD EPC FROM PREECLAMPSIA VERSUS CONTROL AND WAS NEGATIVELY CORRELATED WITH MRNA LEVELS OF ITS PREDICTED TARGETS ANGPTL7 AND TFRC. TRANSFECTION WITH AN HSA-MIR-1270 INHIBITOR DECREASED THE TUBE FORMATION CAPACITY AND CHEMOTACTIC MOTILITY BUT DID NOT CHANGE PROLIFERATION IN VITRO. TARGET PREDICTIONS AND GENE SET ENRICHMENT ANALYSES IDENTIFIED ALTERNATIVE SPLICING AS A SIGNIFICANTLY ENRICHED PATHWAY FOR HSA-MIR-1270. THE TOP MIRNAS IN THREE OTHER GROUPS WERE PREDICTED TO TARGET TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL PATHWAYS. HERE, WE SHOWED FOR THE FIRST TIME SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT LEVELS OF MIRNAS AND DIFFERENTLY REPRESENTED MRNA LEVELS OF PREDICTED TARGET GENES IN EPC DERIVED FROM PREECLAMPSIA. UNDERSTANDING THE EFFECTS OF PREECLAMPSIA ON THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS OF EPC WILL BE CRUCIAL AND MAY PROVIDE INITIAL INSIGHTS FOR FURTHER EVALUATION OF THE BENEFITS OF THERAPIES TARGETING THIS CELL POPULATION.	2021	
                                                                                                                   
17  6581  24 TREPONEMA DENTICOLA UPREGULATES MMP-2 ACTIVATION IN PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT CELLS: INTERPLAY BETWEEN EPIGENETICS AND PERIODONTAL INFECTION. OBJECTIVE: PERIODONTAL PATHOGENS INITIATE CHRONIC DYSREGULATION OF INFLAMMATION AND TISSUE HOMEOSTASIS THAT CHARACTERIZE PERIODONTAL DISEASE. TO BETTER UNDERSTAND ORAL MICROBE-HOST TISSUE INTERACTIONS, WE INVESTIGATED EXPRESSION AND ACTIVATION OF MMP-2 IN PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT CELLS FOLLOWING TREPONEMA DENTICOLA CHALLENGE. DESIGN: CULTURED PDL CELLS WERE CHALLENGED WITH T. DENTICOLA, AND BACTERIAL ADHERENCE, INTERNALIZATION AND SURVIVAL WERE ASSAYED BY IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY AND ANTIBIOTIC PROTECTION ASSAYS, RESPECTIVELY. MMP-2 ACTIVATION WAS DETECTED BY ZYMOGRAPHY. MMP-2, MT1/MMP AND TIMP-2 EXPRESSION FOLLOWING T. DENTICOLA CHALLENGE WAS DETERMINED BY QRT-PCR. PROMOTER METHYLATION OF MMP-2 AND MT1/MMP WAS SCREENED BY METHYLATION-SENSITIVE RESTRICTION ANALYSIS AND BY BISULFITE DNA SEQUENCING. RESULTS: T. DENTICOLA ADHERED TO AND WAS INTERNALIZED BY PDL CELLS BUT DID NOT SURVIVE INTRACELLULARLY BEYOND 24H. IMPORTANTLY, WHILE DENTILISIN ACTIVITY IN PDL CULTURE SUPERNATANTS GRADUALLY DECREASED FOLLOWING T. DENTICOLA CHALLENGE, MMP-2 ACTIVATION PERSISTED FOR UP TO 5 DAYS, SUGGESTING INVOLVEMENT OF OTHER REGULATORY MECHANISMS. TRANSCRIPTION AND EXPRESSION OF MT1/MMP AND TIMP-2 INCREASED IN RESPONSE TO T. DENTICOLA CHALLENGE. HOWEVER, CONSISTENT WITH PREVIOUSLY REPORTED CONSTITUTIVE PRO-MMP-2 EXPRESSION IN PDL CELLS, THE MMP-2 PROMOTER WAS HYPOMETHYLATED, INDEPENDENT OF T. DENTICOLA CHALLENGE. CONCLUSIONS: MMP-2 PROMOTER HYPOMETHYLATION IS CONSISTENT WITH CONSTITUTIVE PRO-MMP-2 EXPRESSION IN PDL CELLS. THIS, COUPLED WITH T. DENTICOLA-MEDIATED UPREGULATION OF MMP-2-RELATED GENES AND CHRONIC ACTIVATION OF PRO-MMP-2, MIMICS KEY IN VIVO MECHANISMS OF PERIODONTAL DISEASE CHRONICITY, IN PARTICULAR MMP-2-DEPENDENT MATRIX DEGRADATION AND BONE RESORPTION. ADHERENCE AND/OR INTERNALIZATION OF T. DENTICOLA MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THESE PROCESSES BY ONE OR MORE REGULATORY MECHANISMS, INCLUDING CONTACT-DEPENDENT SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION OR OTHER EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS.	2014	

18  3422  35 HUMAN MONOCYTE-TO-MACROPHAGE DIFFERENTIATION INVOLVES HIGHLY LOCALIZED GAIN AND LOSS OF DNA METHYLATION AT TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR BINDING SITES. BACKGROUND: MACROPHAGES AND THEIR PRECURSORS MONOCYTES PLAY A KEY ROLE IN INFLAMMATION AND CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS. MONOCYTE-TO-MACROPHAGE DIFFERENTIATION AND ACTIVATION PROGRAMS ARE ACCOMPANIED BY SIGNIFICANT EPIGENETIC REMODELING WHERE DNA METHYLATION ASSOCIATES WITH CELL IDENTITY. HERE WE SHOW THAT DNA METHYLATION CHANGES CHARACTERISTIC FOR MONOCYTE-TO-MACROPHAGE DIFFERENTIATION OCCUR AT TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR BINDING SITES, AND, IN CONTRAST TO WHAT WAS PREVIOUSLY DESCRIBED, ARE GENERALLY HIGHLY LOCALIZED AND ENCOMPASS BOTH LOSSES AND GAINS OF DNA METHYLATION. RESULTS: WE COMPARED GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION ACROSS 440,292 CPG SITES BETWEEN HUMAN MONOCYTES, NAIVE MACROPHAGES AND MACROPHAGES FURTHER ACTIVATED TOWARD A PRO-INFLAMMATORY STATE (USING LPS/IFNGAMMA), AN ANTI-INFLAMMATORY STATE (IL-4) OR FOAM CELLS (OXLDL AND ACLDL). MOREOVER, WE INTEGRATED THESE DATA WITH PUBLIC WHOLE-GENOME SEQUENCING DATA ON MONOCYTES AND MACROPHAGES TO DEMARCATE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS. OUR ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT DIFFERENTIAL DNA METHYLATION WAS MOST PRONOUNCED DURING MONOCYTE-TO-MACROPHAGE DIFFERENTIATION, WAS TYPICALLY RESTRICTED TO SINGLE CPGS OR VERY SHORT REGIONS, AND CO-LOCALIZED WITH LINEAGE-SPECIFIC ENHANCERS IRRESPECTIVE OF WHETHER IT CONCERNS GAIN OR LOSS OF METHYLATION. FURTHERMORE, DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPGS WERE LOCATED AT SITES CHARACTERIZED BY INCREASED BINDING OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS KNOWN TO BE INVOLVED IN MONOCYTE-TO-MACROPHAGE DIFFERENTIATION INCLUDING C/EBP AND ETS FOR GAIN AND AP-1 FOR LOSS OF METHYLATION. CONCLUSION: OUR STUDY HIGHLIGHTS THE INVOLVEMENT OF SUBTLE, YET HIGHLY LOCALIZED REMODELING OF DNA METHYLATION AT REGULATORY REGIONS IN CELL DIFFERENTIATION.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
19   858  30 CHROMATIN DECONDENSATION AND T CELL HYPERRESPONSIVENESS IN DIABETES-ASSOCIATED HYPERGLYCEMIA. DIABETES IS LINKED TO INCREASED INFLAMMATION AND SUSCEPTIBILITY TO CERTAIN INFECTIOUS DISEASES INCLUDING TUBERCULOSIS (TB). WE PREVIOUSLY REPORTED THAT AEROSOL TB IN MICE WITH CHRONIC (>/= 12 WK) HYPERGLYCEMIA FEATURES INCREASED BACTERIAL LOAD, OVERPRODUCTION OF SEVERAL CYTOKINES, AND INCREASED IMMUNE PATHOLOGY COMPARED WITH NORMOGLYCEMIC CONTROLS. A SIMILAR PHENOTYPE EXISTS IN HUMAN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES WITH TB. THE MECHANISMS OF INCREASED T CELL ACTIVATION IN DIABETES ARE UNKNOWN. IN THE CURRENT STUDY, WE TESTED THE HYPOTHESIS THAT HYPERGLYCEMIA MODIFIES THE INTRINSIC RESPONSIVENESS OF NAIVE T CELLS TO TCR STIMULATION. PURIFIED T CELLS FROM CHRONICALLY HYPERGLYCEMIC (HG) MICE PRODUCED HIGHER LEVELS OF TH1, TH2, AND TH17 CYTOKINES AND PROLIFERATED MORE THAN T CELLS FROM NORMOGLYCEMIC CONTROLS AFTER ANTI-CD3E OR AG STIMULATION. IN THIS WAY, NAIVE T CELLS FROM HG MICE RESEMBLED AG-EXPERIENCED CELLS, ALTHOUGH CD44 EXPRESSION WAS NOT INCREASED. CHROMATIN DECONDENSATION, ANOTHER CHARACTERISTIC OF AG-EXPERIENCED T CELLS, WAS INCREASED IN NAIVE T CELLS FROM HG MICE. THAT PHENOTYPE DEPENDED ON EXPRESSION OF THE RECEPTOR FOR ADVANCED GLYCATION END PRODUCTS AND COULD BE REVERSED BY INHIBITING P38 MAPK. CHROMATIN DECONDENSATION AND HYPERRESPONSIVENESS TO TCR STIMULATION PERSISTED FOLLOWING TRANSFER OF T CELLS FROM HG MICE INTO NORMOGLYCEMIC MICE. WE PROPOSE THAT CHRONIC HYPERGLYCEMIA CAUSES RECEPTOR FOR ADVANCED GLYCATION END PRODUCTS-MEDIATED EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OF NAIVE T CELLS LEADING TO P38 MAPK-DEPENDENT CHROMATIN DECONDENSATION. THIS PREACTIVATION STATE FACILITATES TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR ACCESS TO DNA, INCREASING CYTOKINE PRODUCTION AND PROLIFERATION FOLLOWING TCR STIMULATION. THIS MECHANISM MAY CONTRIBUTE TO PATHOLOGICAL INFLAMMATION ASSOCIATED WITH DIABETES AND MIGHT OFFER A NOVEL THERAPEUTIC TARGET.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                           
20  6111  29 THE EPIGENETIC ARCHITECTURE AT GENE PROMOTERS DETERMINES CELL TYPE-SPECIFIC LPS TOLERANCE. SYNOVIAL FIBROBLASTS (SF) DRIVE INFLAMMATION AND JOINT DESTRUCTION IN CHRONIC ARTHRITIS. HERE WE SHOW THAT SF POSSESS A DISTINCT TYPE OF LPS TOLERANCE COMPARED TO MACROPHAGES AND OTHER TYPES OF FIBROBLASTS. IN SF AND DERMAL FIBROBLASTS, GENES THAT WERE NON-TOLERIZABLE AFTER REPEATED LPS STIMULATION INCLUDED PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES, CHEMOKINES AND MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES, WHEREAS ANTI-VIRAL GENES WERE TOLERIZABLE. IN MACROPHAGES, ALL MEASURED GENES WERE TOLERIZABLE, WHEREAS IN GINGIVAL AND FORESKIN FIBROBLASTS THESE GENES WERE NON-TOLERIZABLE. REPEATED STIMULATION OF SF WITH LPS RESULTED IN LOSS OF ACTIVATING HISTONE MARKS ONLY IN PROMOTERS OF TOLERIZABLE GENES. THE EPIGENETIC LANDSCAPE AT PROMOTERS OF TOLERIZABLE GENES WAS SIMILAR IN UNSTIMULATED SF AND MONOCYTES, WHEREAS THE BASAL CONFIGURATION OF HISTONE MARKS PROFOUNDLY DIFFERED IN GENES THAT WERE NON-TOLERIZABLE IN SF ONLY. OUR DATA SUGGEST THAT THE EPIGENETIC CONFIGURATION AT GENE PROMOTERS REGULATES CELL-SPECIFIC LPS-INDUCED RESPONSES AND PRIMES SF TO SUSTAIN THEIR INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IN CHRONIC ARTHRITIS.	2017