1  4014 139 LOW-DOSE CD INDUCES HEPATIC GENE HYPERMETHYLATION, ALONG WITH THE PERSISTENT REDUCTION OF CELL DEATH AND INCREASE OF CELL PROLIFERATION IN RATS AND MICE. BACKGROUND: CADMIUM (CD) IS CLASSIFIED AS A HUMAN CARCINOGEN PROBABLY ASSOCIATED WITH EPIGENETIC CHANGES. DNA METHYLATION IS ONE OF EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS BY WHICH CELLS CONTROL GENE EXPRESSION. THEREFORE, THE PRESENT STUDY GENOME-WIDELY SCREENED THE METHYLATION-ALTERED GENES IN THE LIVER OF RATS PREVIOUSLY EXPOSED TO LOW-DOSE CD. METHODOLOGY PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: RATS WERE EXPOSED TO CD AT 20 NMOL/KG EVERY OTHER DAY FOR 4 WEEKS AND GENE METHYLATION WAS ANALYZED AT THE 48(TH) WEEK WITH METHYLATED DNA IMMUNOPRECIPITATION-CPG ISLAND MICROARRAY. AMONG THE 1629 ALTERED GENES, THERE WERE 675 GENES WHOSE PROMOTER CPG ISLANDS (CGIS) WERE HYPERMETHYLATED, 899 GENES WHOSE PROMOTER CGIS WERE HYPOMETHYLATED, AND 55 GENES WHOSE PROMOTER CGIS WERE MIXED WITH HYPER- AND HYPO-METHYLATION. CASPASE-8 GENE PROMOTER CGIS AND TNF GENE PROMOTER CGIS WERE HYPERMETHYLATED AND HYPOMETHYLATED, RESPECTIVELY, ALONG WITH A LOW APOPTOSIS RATE IN CD-TREATED RAT LIVERS. TO LINK THE ABERRANT METHYLATION OF CASPASE-8 AND TNF GENES TO THE LOW APOPTOSIS INDUCED BY LOW-DOSE CD, MICE WERE GIVEN CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO LOW-DOSE CD WITH AND WITHOUT METHYLATION INHIBITOR (5-AZA-2'-DEOXYCTIDENE, 5-AZA). AT THE 48(TH) WEEK AFTER CD EXPOSURE, LIVERS FROM CD-TREATED MICE DISPLAYED THE INCREASED CASPASE-8 CGI METHYLATION AND DECREASED CASPASE-8 PROTEIN EXPRESSION, ALONG WITH SIGNIFICANT INCREASES IN CELL PROLIFERATION AND OVEREXPRESSION OF TGF-BETA1 AND CYTOKERATIN 8/18 (THE LATTER IS A NEW MARKER OF MOUSE LIVER PRENEOPLASTIC LESIONS), ALL WHICH WERE PREVENTED BY 5-AZA TREATMENT. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT CD-INDUCED GLOBAL GENE HYPERMETHYLATION, MOST LIKELY CASPASE-8 GENE PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATION THAT DOWN-REGULATED ITS EXPRESSION, LEADING TO THE DECREASED HEPATIC APOPTOSIS AND INCREASED PRENEOPLASTIC LESIONS.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
2  3084  37 GENOME-WIDE SCREEN OF DNA METHYLATION IDENTIFIES NOVEL MARKERS IN CHILDHOOD OBESITY. EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS HAVE BEEN HIGHLIGHTED IN CHRONIC NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF METHYLATION MARKERS IN OBESITY. WITH OBESE CHINESE PRESCHOOL CHILDREN, WE PERFORMED COMPREHENSIVE DNA METHYLATION PROFILING OF GENE PROMOTERS AND CPG ISLANDS TO DETERMINE THE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED GENES USING METHYLATED DNA IMMUNOPRECIPITATION FOLLOWED BY HYBRIDIZATION TO THE NIMBLEGEN HUMAN DNA METHYLATION 385K PROMOTER PLUS CPG ISLAND MICROARRAY. WE FOUND THAT COMPARED TO LEAN CHILDREN, 251 PROMOTERS AND 575 CGIS WERE DEMETHYLATED, AND 141 PROMOTERS AND 277 CGIS WERE HYPERMETHYLATED IN OBESE CHILDREN, AND THEIR DISTRIBUTION ON CHROMOSOMES WAS IMBALANCED, SHOWING MORE PROMOTERS AND CGIS WITH DEMETHYLATION ON CHROMOSOMES 3, 16, 17 AND 19 AND MORE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED PROMOTERS AND CGIS ON CHROMOSOME X COMPARED WITH CHROMOSOME Y. FURTHER ANALYSIS INDICATED THAT ABERRANT METHYLATIONS OCCURRED MOSTLY IN HCP PROMOTERS AND PROMOTER CGIS. AMONG THE TOP 80 PROMOTERS AND CGIS THAT HAD DIFFERENTIATED METHYLATION BETWEEN OBESE AND LEAN CHILDREN, NEARLY HALF HAVE BEEN PREVIOUSLY STUDIED, AND ALMOST ALL OF THEM ARE INVOLVED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CANCERS THAT ARE ASSOCIATED WITH MANY ORGANS. FURTHERMORE, FOUR GENES (FZD7, PRLHR, EXOSC4, AND EIF6) WITH DIFFERENTIAL PROMOTER METHYLATION WERE VALIDATED, AND THEIR ASSOCIATIONS WITH OBESITY MUST BE CLARIFIED. IN CONCLUSION, THIS STUDY REPRESENTS THE FIRST EFFORT TO DETERMINE METHYLATION MARKERS IN OBESE CHINESE CHILDREN, WHICH HAS POTENTIAL RELEVANCE FOR IDENTIFYING MARKERS THAT ARE USEFUL IN ELUCIDATING THE MECHANISMS OF OBESITY PATHOGENESIS AND ITS COMPLICATIONS.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
3  6336  41 THE ROLE OF DNA METHYLATION IN TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION OF PRO-NOCICEPTIVE GENES IN RAT TRIGEMINAL GANGLIA. EPIGENETIC MODULATION BY DNA METHYLATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH ABERRANT GENE EXPRESSION IN SENSORY NEURONS, WHICH CONSEQUENTLY LEADS TO PATHOLOGICAL PAIN RESPONSES. IN THIS STUDY, WE SOUGHT TO INVESTIGATE WHETHER PERIPHERAL INFLAMMATION ALTERS GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION IN TRIGEMINAL GANGLIA (TG) AND RESULTS IN ABNORMAL EXPRESSION OF PRO-NOCICEPTIVE GENES. OUR RESULTS SHOW THAT PERIPHERAL INFLAMMATION REMOTELY REDUCED THE LEVEL OF GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION IN RAT TG WITH A CONCURRENT REDUCTION IN DNMT1 AND DNMT3A EXPRESSION. USING UNBIASED STEPS, WE SELECTED THE FOLLOWING PRO-NOCICEPTIVE CANDIDATE GENES THAT ARE POTENTIALLY REGULATED BY DNA METHYLATION: TRPV1, TRPA1, P2X3, AND PIEZO2. INHIBITION OF DNMT WITH 5-AZA-DC IN DISSOCIATED TG CELLS PRODUCED DOSE-DEPENDENT UPREGULATION OF TRPV1, TRPA1, AND P2X3. SYSTEMIC TREATMENT OF ANIMALS WITH 5-AZA-DC SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED THE EXPRESSION OF TRPV1, TRPA1, AND PIEZO2 IN TG. FURTHERMORE, THE OVEREXPRESSION OF DNMT3A, AS DELIVERED BY A LENTIVIRAL VECTOR, SIGNIFICANTLY DOWNREGULATED TRPV1 AND PIEZO2 EXPRESSION AND ALSO RELIABLY DECREASED TRPA1 AND P2X3 TRANSCRIPTS. MEDIP REVEALED THAT THIS OVEREXPRESSION ALSO SIGNIFICANTLY ENHANCED METHYLATION OF CGIS ASSOCIATED WITH TRPV1 AND TRPA1. IN ADDITION, BISULFITE SEQUENCING DATA INDICATED THAT THE CGI ASSOCIATED WITH TRPA1 WAS METHYLATED IN A PATTERN CATALYZED BY DNMT3A. TAKEN TOGETHER, OUR RESULTS SHOW THAT ALL 4 PRO-NOCICEPTIVE GENES ARE SUBJECT TO EPIGENETIC MODULATION VIA DNA METHYLATION, LIKELY VIA DNMT3A UNDER INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS. THESE FINDINGS PROVIDE THE FIRST EVIDENCE FOR THE FUNCTIONAL IMPORTANCE OF DNA METHYLATION AS AN EPIGENETIC FACTOR IN THE TRANSCRIPTION OF PRO-NOCICEPTIVE GENES IN TG THAT ARE IMPLICATED IN PATHOLOGICAL OROFACIAL PAIN RESPONSES.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
4  3062  39 GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION ANALYSIS REVEALS NOVEL EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. WE CONDUCTED A GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION ANALYSIS IN CD19 (+) B-CELLS FROM CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL) PATIENTS AND NORMAL CONTROL SAMPLES USING REDUCED REPRESENTATION BISULFITE SEQUENCING (RRBS). THE METHYLATION STATUS OF 1.8-2.3 MILLION CPGS IN THE CLL GENOME WAS DETERMINED; ABOUT 45% OF THESE CPGS WERE LOCATED IN MORE THAN 23,000 CPG ISLANDS (CGIS). WHILE GLOBAL CPG METHYLATION WAS SIMILAR BETWEEN CLL AND NORMAL B-CELLS, 1764 GENE PROMOTERS WERE IDENTIFIED AS BEING DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED IN AT LEAST ONE CLL SAMPLE WHEN COMPARED WITH NORMAL B-CELL SAMPLES. NINETEEN PERCENT OF THE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED GENES WERE INVOLVED IN TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION. ABERRANT HYPERMETHYLATION WAS FOUND IN ALL HOX GENE CLUSTERS AND A SIGNIFICANT NUMBER OF WNT SIGNALING PATHWAY GENES. HYPOMETHYLATION OCCURRED MORE FREQUENTLY IN THE GENE BODY INCLUDING INTRONS, EXONS, AND 3'-UTRS IN CLL. THE NFATC1 P2 PROMOTER AND FIRST INTRON WAS FOUND TO BE HYPOMETHYLATED AND CORRELATED WITH UPREGULATION OF BOTH NFATC1 RNA AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION LEVELS IN CLL SUGGESTING THAT AN EPIGENETIC MECHANISM IS INVOLVED IN THE CONSTITUTIVE ACTIVATION OF NFAT ACTIVITY IN CLL CELLS. THIS COMPREHENSIVE DNA METHYLATION ANALYSIS WILL FURTHER OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE EPIGENETIC CONTRIBUTION TO CELLULAR DYSFUNCTION IN CLL.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
5  3085  35 GENOME-WIDE SCREEN OF OVARY-SPECIFIC DNA METHYLATION IN POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME. OBJECTIVE: TO COMPARE GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION PROFILES IN OVARY TISSUE FROM WOMEN WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME (PCOS) AND HEALTHY CONTROLS. DESIGN: CASE-CONTROL STUDY MATCHED FOR AGE AND BODY MASS INDEX. SETTING: UNIVERSITY-AFFILIATED HOSPITAL. PATIENT(S): TEN WOMEN WITH PCOS WHO UNDERWENT OVARIAN DRILLING TO INDUCE OVULATION AND 10 HEALTHY WOMEN WHO WERE UNDERGOING LAPAROSCOPIC STERILIZATION, HYSTERECTOMY FOR BENIGN CONDITIONS, DIAGNOSTIC LAPAROSCOPY FOR PELVIC PAIN, OR OOPHORECTOMY FOR NONOVARIAN INDICATIONS. INTERVENTION(S): NONE. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS DETERMINED BY IMMUNOPRECIPITATION AND MICROARRAY (MEDIP-CHIP) ANALYSIS. RESULT(S): THE METHYLATION LEVELS WERE STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER IN CPG ISLAND SHORES (CGI SHORES), WHICH LIE OUTSIDE OF CORE PROMOTER REGIONS, AND LOWER WITHIN GENE BODIES IN WOMEN WITH PCOS RELATIVE TO THE CONTROLS. IN ADDITION, HIGH CPG CONTENT PROMOTERS WERE THE MOST FREQUENTLY HYPERMETHYLATED PROMOTERS IN PCOS OVARIES BUT WERE MORE OFTEN HYPOMETHYLATED IN CONTROLS. SECOND, 872 CGIS, SPECIFICALLY METHYLATED IN PCOS, REPRESENTED 342 GENES THAT COULD BE ASSOCIATED WITH VARIOUS MOLECULAR FUNCTIONS, INCLUDING PROTEIN BINDING, HORMONE ACTIVITY, AND TRANSCRIPTION REGULATOR ACTIVITY. FINALLY, METHYLATION DIFFERENCES WERE VALIDATED IN SEVEN GENES BY METHYLATION-SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION. THESE GENES CORRELATED TO SEVERAL FUNCTIONAL FAMILIES RELATED TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF PCOS AND MAY BE POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS FOR THIS DISEASE. CONCLUSION(S): OUR RESULTS DEMONSTRATED THAT EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION DIFFERS BETWEEN PCOS AND NORMAL OVARIES, WHICH MAY HELP TO FURTHER UNDERSTAND THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THIS DISEASE.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
6  1433  35 DIFFERENTIAL GENOME-WIDE ARRAY-BASED METHYLATION PROFILES IN PROGNOSTIC SUBSETS OF CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. GLOBAL HYPOMETHYLATION AND REGIONAL HYPERMETHYLATION ARE WELL-KNOWN EPIGENETIC FEATURES OF CANCER; HOWEVER, IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL), STUDIES ON GENOME-WIDE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS ARE LIMITED. HERE, WE ANALYZED THE GLOBAL METHYLATION PROFILES IN CLL, BY APPLYING HIGH-RESOLUTION METHYLATION MICROARRAYS (27,578 CPG SITES) TO 23 CLL SAMPLES, BELONGING TO THE IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY-CHAIN VARIABLE (IGHV) MUTATED (FAVORABLE) AND IGHV UNMUTATED/IGHV3-21 (POOR-PROGNOSTIC) SUBSETS. OVERALL, RESULTS DEMONSTRATED SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES IN METHYLATION PATTERNS BETWEEN THESE SUBGROUPS. SPECIFICALLY, IN IGHV UNMUTATED CLL, WE IDENTIFIED METHYLATION OF 7 KNOWN OR CANDIDATE TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES (EG, VHL, ABI3, AND IGSF4) AS WELL AS 8 UNMETHYLATED GENES INVOLVED IN CELL PROLIFERATION AND TUMOR PROGRESSION (EG, ADORA3 AND PRF1 ENHANCING THE NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPAB AND MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE PATHWAYS, RESPECTIVELY). IN CONTRAST, THESE LATTER GENES WERE SILENCED BY METHYLATION IN IGHV MUTATED PATIENTS. THE ARRAY DATA WERE VALIDATED FOR SELECTED GENES USING METHYLATION-SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION, QUANTITATIVE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE-POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION, AND BISULFITE SEQUENCING. FINALLY, THE SIGNIFICANCE OF DNA METHYLATION IN REGULATING GENE PROMOTERS WAS SHOWN BY REINDUCING 4 METHYLATED TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES (EG, VHL AND ABI3) IN IGHV UNMUTATED SAMPLES USING THE METHYL-INHIBITOR 5-AZA-2'-DEOXYCYTIDINE. TAKEN TOGETHER, OUR DATA FOR THE FIRST TIME REVEAL DIFFERENCES IN GLOBAL METHYLATION PROFILES BETWEEN PROGNOSTIC SUBSETS OF CLL, WHICH MAY UNFOLD EPIGENETIC SILENCING MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN CLL PATHOGENESIS.	2010	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
7  5730  37 SLIT2 PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATION PREDICTS DISEASE PROGRESSION IN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA. BACKGROUND: ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE IN THE PROGRESSION OF MYELOID NEOPLASMS. PREVIOUSLY, OUR LITERATURE REPORTED THAT SLIT GUIDANCE LIGAND 2 (SLIT2) PROMOTER METHYLATION WAS ASSOCIATED WITH DISEASE PROGRESSION AND INDICATED A POOR PROGNOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME. HEREIN, WE FURTHER INVESTIGATED THE CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS AND ROLE OF SLIT2 PROMOTER METHYLATION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML). METHODS: THE LEVEL OF SLIT2 PROMOTER METHYLATION WAS DETERMINED IN 104 CML PATIENTS, AND ITS CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE WAS ANALYZED. MOREOVER, DEMETHYLATION STUDIES WERE PERFORMED IN K562 CELLS TO DETERMINE THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISM BY WHICH SLIT2 PROMOTER METHYLATION IS REGULATED IN CML. RESULTS: THE LEVEL OF SLIT2 PROMOTER METHYLATION WAS SIMILAR BETWEEN CML PATIENTS AND CONTROLS. HOWEVER, DEEPER ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT THE SLIT2 PROMOTER METHYLATION LEVEL IN THE ACCELERATED PHASE (AP) AND BLAST CRISIS (BC) WAS MARKEDLY HIGHER THAN THAT IN THE CHRONIC PHASE (CP) AND CONTROLS. ADDITIONALLY, A MARKED DIFFERENCE WAS IDENTIFIED BETWEEN THE SLIT2 PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATED AND NON-HYPERMETHYLATED GROUPS AMONG CML PATIENTS GROUPED BY CLINICAL STAGE. THE FREQUENCY OF SLIT2 HYPERMETHYLATION WAS MARKEDLY INCREASED WITH THE PROGRESSION OF CLINICAL STAGE, THAT IS, IT WAS THE LOWEST IN CP SAMPLES (12/80, 15%), HIGHER IN AP SAMPLES (4/8, 50%) AND THE HIGHEST IN BC SAMPLES (11/16, 69%). IMPORTANTLY, THE LEVEL/DENSITY OF SLIT2 PROMOTER METHYLATION WAS SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER IN THE ADVANCED STAGE THAN IN THE EARLY STAGE AMONG THE 6 TESTED PAIRED CML PATIENTS. EPIGENETICALLY, THE EXPRESSION OF THE SLIT2-EMBEDDED NON-CODING GENES SLIT2-IT1 AND MIR-218 EXPRESSION WAS DECREASED IN PATIENTS WITH CML. SLIT2 PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATED CASES HAD A MARKEDLY LOWER SLIT2-IT1 EXPRESSION LEVEL THAN SLIT2 PROMOTER NON-HYPERMETHYLATED CASES. MOREOVER, SLIT2-IT1 AND MIR-218 EXPRESSION WAS REMARKABLY UPREGULATED IN A DOSE-DEPENDENT MANNER AFTER DEMETHYLATION TREATMENT OF K562 CELLS. CONCLUSIONS: HYPERMETHYLATION OF THE SLIT2 PROMOTER IS CORRELATED WITH DISEASE PROGRESSION IN CML. FURTHERMORE, SLIT2 PROMOTER METHYLATION MAY FUNCTION BY REGULATING THE EXPRESSION OF THE SLIT2-EMBEDDED NON-CODING GENES SLIT2-IT1 AND MIR-218 DURING CML PROGRESSION.	2022	

8  2845  41 FREQUENT EPIGENETIC INACTIVATION OF THE SLIT2 GENE IN CHRONIC AND ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. RECENTLY A MOUSE MODEL OF T/NATURAL KILLER ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA WAS USED TO ASSESS GLOBAL PROMOTER METHYLATION ACROSS THE MOUSE GENOME USING THE RESTRICTION LANDMARK GENOMIC SCANNING TECHNIQUE. ONE OF THE METHYLATED MOUSE GENES IDENTIFIED IN THIS WAY WAS SLIT2. THERE ARE THREE MAMMALIAN SLIT GENES (SLIT1, SLIT2, SLIT3), THAT BELONG TO A HIGHLY CONSERVED FAMILY OF AXON GUIDANCE MOLECULES. WE HAVE PREVIOUSLY DEMONSTRATED THAT SLIT2 IS FREQUENTLY INACTIVATED IN LUNG, BREAST, COLORECTAL AND GLIOMA TUMORS BY HYPERMETHYLATION OF A CPG ISLAND IN ITS PROMOTER REGION, WHILST INACTIVATING SOMATIC MUTATIONS ARE RARE. FURTHERMORE, WE DEMONSTRATED THAT SLIT2 ACTS AS A TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE IN BREAST AND COLORECTAL CANCER CELLS. IN THIS REPORT WE DETERMINED THE METHYLATION STATUS OF THE SLIT2 GENE IN LEUKEMIAS (CLL AND ALL). SLIT2 WAS METHYLATED IN ALL TEN LEUKEMIA CELL LINES ANALYZED (EIGHT COMPLETELY AND TWO PARTIALLY METHYLATED). SLIT2 EXPRESSION WAS RESTORED AFTER TREATING ALL LINES WITH 5-AZA-2DC. IN PRIMARY ALL AND CLL SAMPLES, SLIT2 WAS ALSO FREQUENTLY METHYLATED, 58% (30/52) B-ALL; 83% (10/12) T-ALL AND IN 80% (24/30) CLL. WHILST DNA FROM PERIPHERAL BLOOD AND BONE MARROW FROM HEALTHY CONTROL SAMPLES SHOWED NO SLIT2 METHYLATION. METHYLATION RESULTS IN LEUKEMIA CELL LINES AND ALL AND CLL PRIMARY SAMPLES WERE CONFIRMED BY DIRECT SEQUENCING OF BISULFITE MODIFIED DNA. OUR RESULTS DEMONSTRATE THAT METHYLATION OF THE SLIT2 5' CPG ISLAND IS CONSERVED BETWEEN MICE AND HUMANS, AND THEREFORE IS LIKELY TO BE OF FUNCTIONAL IMPORTANCE.	2009	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
9  3138  37 GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION PROFILING REVEALS NEW INSIGHTS INTO EPIGENETICALLY DEREGULATED PROTEIN CODING AND LONG NONCODING RNAS IN CLL. BACKGROUND: METHYL-CPG-BINDING DOMAIN PROTEIN ENRICHED GENOME-WIDE SEQUENCING (MBD-SEQ) IS A ROBUST AND POWERFUL METHOD FOR ANALYZING METHYLATED CPG-RICH REGIONS WITH COMPLETE GENOME-WIDE COVERAGE. IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL), THE ROLE OF CPG METHYLATED REGIONS ASSOCIATED WITH TRANSCRIBED LONG NONCODING RNAS (LNCRNA) AND REPETITIVE GENOMIC ELEMENTS ARE POORLY UNDERSTOOD. BASED ON MBD-SEQ, WE CHARACTERIZED THE GLOBAL METHYLATION PROFILE OF HIGH CPG-RICH REGIONS IN DIFFERENT CLL PROGNOSTIC SUBGROUPS BASED ON IGHV MUTATIONAL STATUS. RESULTS: OUR STUDY IDENTIFIED 5800 HYPERMETHYLATED AND 12,570 HYPOMETHYLATED CLL-SPECIFIC DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED GENES (CLLDMGS) COMPARED TO NORMAL CONTROLS. FROM CLLDMGS, 40 % OF HYPERMETHYLATED AND 60 % OF HYPOMETHYLATED GENES WERE MAPPED TO NONCODING RNAS. IN ADDITION, WE FOUND THAT THE MAJOR REPETITIVE ELEMENTS SUCH AS SHORT INTERSPERSED ELEMENTS (SINE) AND LONG INTERSPERSED ELEMENTS (LINE) HAVE A HIGH PERCENTAGE OF CLLDMRS (DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS) IN IGHV SUBGROUPS COMPARED TO NORMAL CONTROLS. FINALLY, TWO NOVEL LNCRNAS (HYPERMETHYLATED CRNDE AND HYPOMETHYLATED AC012065.7) WERE VALIDATED IN AN INDEPENDENT CLL SAMPLE COHORT (48 SAMPLES) COMPARED WITH 6 NORMAL SORTED B CELL SAMPLES USING QUANTITATIVE PYROSEQUENCING ANALYSIS. THE METHYLATION LEVELS SHOWED AN INVERSE CORRELATION TO GENE EXPRESSION LEVELS ANALYZED BY REAL-TIME QUANTITATIVE PCR. NOTABLY, SURVIVAL ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT HYPERMETHYLATION OF CRNDE AND HYPOMETHYLATION OF AC012065.7 CORRELATED WITH AN INFERIOR OUTCOME. CONCLUSIONS: THUS, OUR COMPREHENSIVE METHYLATION ANALYSIS BY MBD-SEQ PROVIDED NOVEL HYPER AND HYPOMETHYLATED LONG NONCODING RNAS, REPETITIVE ELEMENTS, ALONG WITH PROTEIN CODING GENES AS POTENTIAL EPIGENETIC-BASED CLL-SIGNATURE GENES INVOLVED IN DISEASE PATHOGENESIS AND PROGNOSIS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
10  1620  36 DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE-MEDIATED TRANSCRIPTIONAL SILENCING IN MALIGNANT GLIOMA: A COMBINED WHOLE-GENOME MICROARRAY AND PROMOTER ARRAY ANALYSIS. EPIGENETIC INACTIVATION OF TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES IS A COMMON FEATURE IN HUMAN CANCER. PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATION AND HISTONE DEACETYLATION ARE REVERSIBLE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION. DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES (DNMT1 AND DNMT3B) REGULATE AND MAINTAIN PROMOTER METHYLATION AND ARE OVEREXPRESSED IN HUMAN CANCER. WE PERFORMED WHOLE-GENOME MICROARRAY ANALYSIS TO IDENTIFY GENES WITH ALTERED EXPRESSION AFTER RNAI-INDUCED SUPPRESSION OF DNMT IN A GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME (GBM) CELL LINE. WE THEN IDENTIFIED GENES WITH BOTH DECREASED EXPRESSION AND EVIDENCE OF PROMOTER CPG ISLAND HYPERMETHYLATION IN GBM TISSUE SAMPLES USING A COMBINED WHOLE-GENOME MICROARRAY TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS IN CONJUNCTION WITH A PROMOTER ARRAY ANALYSIS AFTER DNA IMMUNOPRECIPITATION WITH ANTI-5-METHYLCYTIDINE. DNMT1 AND 3B KNOCKDOWN RESULTED IN THE RESTORED EXPRESSION OF 308 GENES THAT ALSO CONTAINED PROMOTER REGION HYPERMETHYLATION. OF THESE, 43 WERE ALSO FOUND TO BE DOWNREGULATED IN GBM TISSUE SAMPLES. THREE DOWNREGULATED GENES WITH HYPERMETHYLATED PROMOTERS AND RESTORED EXPRESSION IN RESPONSE TO ACUTE DNMT SUPPRESSION WERE ASSAYED FOR METHYLATION CHANGES USING BISULFITE SEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF THE PROMOTER REGION AFTER CHRONIC DNMT SUPPRESSION. RESTORATION OF GENE EXPRESSION WAS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH CHANGES IN PROMOTER REGION METHYLATION, BUT RATHER WITH CHANGES IN HISTONE METHYLATION AND CHROMATIN CONFORMATION. TWO OF THE IDENTIFIED GENES EXHIBITED GROWTH SUPPRESSIVE ACTIVITY IN IN VITRO ASSAYS. COMBINING TARGETED GENETIC MANIPULATIONS WITH COMPREHENSIVE GENOMIC AND EXPRESSION ANALYSES PROVIDES A POTENTIALLY POWERFUL NEW APPROACH FOR IDENTIFYING EPIGENETICALLY REGULATED GENES IN GBM.	2009	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
11  2262  34 EPIGENETIC PROFILING IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA REVEALS NOVEL METHYLATION TARGETS. CPG ISLAND METHYLATION IS AN EPIGENETIC ALTERATION THAT CONTRIBUTES TO TUMORIGENESIS BY TRANSCRIPTIONAL INACTIVATION OF GENES. LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT THE OVERALL LEVELS OF CPG ISLAND METHYLATION IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL). TO PROVIDE A BASELINE ESTIMATE OF GLOBAL ABERRANT METHYLATION AND IDENTIFY TARGET SEQUENCES FOR ADDITIONAL INVESTIGATION, WE PERFORMED RESTRICTION LANDMARK GENOMIC SCANNING ON 10 CLL SAMPLES. TWO METHYLATION-SENSITIVE LANDMARK ENZYMES WERE USED (NOTI AND ASCI), ALLOWING ASSESSMENT OF OVER 3000 CPG ISLANDS IN EACH SAMPLE. TUMOR-DERIVED RESTRICTION LANDMARK GENOMIC SCANNING PROFILES WERE COMPARED WITH PROFILES FROM CD19-SELECTED B CELLS FROM NORMAL VOLUNTEERS AND MATCHED NORMAL NEUTROPHILS FROM 4 CLL PATIENTS. WE FOUND 2.5-8.1% (MEAN 4.8%) OF THE CPG ISLANDS IN CLL SAMPLES WERE ABERRANTLY METHYLATED COMPARED WITH CONTROLS, AND THE METHYLATION EVENTS HAD A NONRANDOM DISTRIBUTION (P < 0.0001). FURTHERMORE, WE IDENTIFIED 193 ABERRANTLY METHYLATED SEQUENCES, OF WHICH 93% HAVE CPG ISLAND CHARACTERISTICS AND 90% HAVE HOMOLOGY TO GENES OR EXPRESSED SEQUENCES. ONE SUCH GENE, THE G PROTEIN-COUPLED METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR 7 (GRM7), POSSIBLY INHIBITS CYCLIC AMP SIGNALING IN THE INDUCTION OF APOPTOSIS. BISULFITE SEQUENCING OF GRM7 CONFIRMED EXTENSIVE CPG ISLAND METHYLATION, AND TREATMENT WITH 5-AZA-2'-DEOXYCYTIDINE (DECITABINE) RESULTED IN UP-REGULATED EXPRESSION OF SEVERAL GENES IN VITRO WITH CONCURRENT CELLULAR DEPLETION OF DNMT1 PROTEIN. OUR DUAL-ENZYME GLOBAL METHYLATION STUDY SHOWS THAT CLL IS CHARACTERIZED BY WIDESPREAD NONRANDOM CPG ISLAND METHYLATION SIMILAR TO OTHER TUMORS AND PROVIDES A PANEL OF NOVEL METHYLATION TARGETS THAT CAN BE USED IN LARGER STUDIES DESIGNED TO ASSESS IMPACT ON DISEASE PROGRESSION AND SURVIVAL.	2004	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
12  6831  38 [HYPERMETHYLATION OF DAP-KINASE GENE CPG ISLAND IN MALIGNANT LYMPHOMA WITH B-CELL PHENOTYPE]. DEATH-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN-KINASE(DAP-KINASE) IS A PRO-APOPTOTIC SERINE/THREONINE KINASE WITH A DEATH DOMAIN, WHICH IS INVOLVED IN APOPTOSIS INDUCED BY INTERFERON-GAMMA, TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA, AND FAS LIGAND. EPIGENETIC DOWN-REGULATION OF DAP-KINASE GENE EXPRESSION BY HYPERMETHYLATION OF ITS PROMOTER REGION WAS REPORTED IN CERTAIN KINDS OF MALIGNANCIES. PREVIOUS PATHO-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES INDICATED THAT THYROID LYMPHOMA(TL) EVOLVES AMONG ACTIVE LYMPHOID CELLS IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC THYROIDITIS(CLTH). WITH THE USE OF METHYLATION SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION, METHYLATION STATUS OF DAP-KINASE CPG ISLAND WAS EXAMINED IN THYROID LESIONS OF 19 CASES WITH TL AND 9 WITH CLTH. FREQUENCY OF METHYLATION WAS HIGHER IN TL CASES(16 OF 19, 84.2%) THAN IN CLTH CASES(2 OF 9, 22.2%) (P < 0.01). DNA EXTRACTED FROM PERIPHERAL BLOOD LEUKOCYTES FROM TL AND CLTH CASES NEVER SHOWED METHYLATION, INDICATING THAT THE METHYLATION OCCURRED SOMATICALLY IN LESIONAL LYMPHOCYTES IN THE THYROID. WE ALSO EXAMINED THE METHYLATION STATUS OF DAP-KINASE GENE IN 16 CASES OF T-CELL MALIGNANCIES INCLUDING EIGHT ADULT T-CELL LEUKEMIA/LYMPHOMA AND 24 NK/T-CELL, 34 B-CELL, AND TWO IMMUNOPHENOTYPICALLY UNDETERMINED LYMPHOMAS. FREQUENCY OF METHYLATION WAS HIGHER IN B-CELL(27 OF 34, 79.4%) THAN IN T-CELL MALIGNANCIES(EIGHT OF 16, 50%) (P < 0.05). FIFTEEN OF 24(62.5%) NK/T-CELL LYMPHOMAS SHOWED DNA METHYLATION. HEMATOPOIETIC CELL LINES WITH A METHYLATED GENE WERE RESISTANT TO APOPTOSIS. TREATMENT OF THE CELLS WITH A DEMETHYLATING AGENT RESTORED APOPTOTIC CELL DEATH IN ONE B-CELL LYMPHOMA CELL LINE WITH DNA METHYLATION. OUR RESULTS SUGGESTED THAT SUPPRESSION OF DAP-KINASE EXPRESSION BY DNA METHYLATION MIGHT PLAY A ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF B-CELL MALIGNANCIES.	2001	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
13  1211  37 CPG ISLAND METHYLATION AND EXPRESSION OF THE SECRETED FRIZZLED-RELATED PROTEIN GENE FAMILY IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. B-CELL CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL) IS CHARACTERIZED BY A CLONAL ACCUMULATION OF MATURE NEOPLASTIC B CELLS INDICATING DISRUPTION OF APOPTOSIS. RESTRICTION LANDMARK GENOME SCANNING WAS DONE TO IDENTIFY NOVEL TARGET GENES SILENCED BY CPG ISLAND METHYLATION IN CLL. SECRETED FRIZZLED-RELATED PROTEIN 4 (SFRP4), A NEGATIVE REGULATOR OF THE WNT SIGNALING PATHWAY, WAS FOUND TO BE FREQUENTLY METHYLATED IN CLL SAMPLES. WNT SIGNALING HAS BEEN SHOWN TO CONTROL NORMAL APOPTOTIC BEHAVIOR AND IS REQUIRED FOR NORMAL B-CELL DEVELOPMENT WHEREAS ABERRANT ACTIVATION OF THIS PATHWAY HAS BEEN OBSERVED IN CLL. WE SHOW ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION AND SILENCING OF SFRP4, AS WELL AS OF ADDITIONAL SFRP FAMILY MEMBERS, IN PRIMARY CLL SAMPLES. INDUCTION OF THEIR EXPRESSION IN A DOSE-DEPENDENT MANNER FOLLOWING TREATMENT WITH A DEMETHYLATING AGENT, 5-AZA-2'-DEOXYCYTIDINE, WAS SHOWN. OF THE FIVE SFRP FAMILY MEMBERS STUDIED IN DETAIL, SFRP1 WAS HYPERMETHYLATED AND DOWN-REGULATED IN ALL CLL PATIENT SAMPLES STUDIED, SUGGESTING THAT THIS EPIGENETIC EVENT IS A CRITICAL STEP DURING LEUKEMOGENESIS. OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT SILENCING OF SFRPS BY CPG ISLAND METHYLATION IS ONE POSSIBLE MECHANISM CONTRIBUTING TO ABERRANT ACTIVATION OF WNT SIGNALING PATHWAY IN CLL.	2006	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
14  3459  34 HYPOMETHYLATION OF NERVE GROWTH FACTOR (NGF) PROMOTES BINDING OF C/EBPALPHA AND CONTRIBUTES TO INFLAMMATORY HYPERALGESIA IN RATS. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC PAIN USUALLY ACCOMPANIED BY TISSUE DAMAGE AND INFLAMMATION. HOWEVER, THE PATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC PAIN REMAINS UNCLEAR. METHODS: WE INVESTIGATED THE ROLE OF NERVE GROWTH FACTOR (NGF) IN CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY PAIN INDUCED BY COMPLETE FREUND'S ADJUVANT (CFA), EXPLORED THE METHYLATION STATUS OF CPG ISLANDS IN THE PROMOTER REGION OF THE NGF GENE, AND CLARIFIED THE FUNCTION AND MECHANISM OF C/EBPALPHA-NGF SIGNALING PATHWAY FROM EPIGENETIC PERSPECTIVE IN THE CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY PAIN MODEL. RESULTS: CFA INDUCED SIGNIFICANT HYPERALGESIA AND CONTINUOUS UPREGULATION OF NGF MRNA AND PROTEIN LEVELS IN THE L4-6 DORSAL ROOT GANGLIONS (DRGS) IN RATS. HYPOMETHYLATION OF CPG ISLANDS OCCURRED IN THE NGF GENE PROMOTER REGION AFTER CFA TREATMENT. AT THE SAME TIME, THE MIR-29B EXPRESSION LEVEL WAS SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED, WHILE THE DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE 3B (DNMT3B) LEVEL REDUCED SIGNIFICANTLY. MOREOVER, CFA TREATMENT PROMOTED BINDING OF C/EBPALPHA TO THE NGF GENE PROMOTER REGION AND C/EBPALPHA SIRNA TREATMENT OBVIOUSLY DECREASED EXPRESSION OF NGF LEVELS AND ALSO ALLEVIATE INFLAMMATORY HYPERALGESIA SIGNIFICANTLY IN RATS. CONCLUSION: COLLECTIVELY, THE RESULTS INDICATED THAT CFA LEADS TO THE UPREGULATION OF MIR-29B LEVEL, WHICH REPRESSES THE EXPRESSION OF DNMT3B, ENHANCES THE DEMETHYLATION OF THE NGF GENE PROMOTER REGION, AND PROMOTES THE BINDING OF C/EBPALPHA WITH THE NGF GENE PROMOTER, THUS RESULTS IN THE UPREGULATION OF NGF GENE EXPRESSION AND MAINTENANCE OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY PAIN.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
15  2440  32 EPIGENETIC SILENCING OF TUMOR SUPPRESSOR LONG NON-CODING RNA BM742401 IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. BM742401 IS A TUMOR SUPPRESSOR LNCRNA DOWNREGULATED IN GASTRIC CANCER. AS THE PROMOTER REGION AND THE ENTIRE TRANSCRIPT ARE EMBEDDED IN A CPG ISLAND, WE POSTULATED THAT BM742401 IS A TUMOR SUPPRESSOR LNCRNA INACTIVATED BY DNA METHYLATION IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL). THE PROMOTER OF BM742401 WAS UNMETHYLATED IN NORMAL CONTROLS INCLUDING THREE EACH OF NORMAL BONE MARROW, PERIPHERAL BLOOD BUFFY COATS, AND CD19-SORTED PERIPHERAL B-CELLS, BUT METHYLATED IN FOUR (57.1%) CLL CELL LINES. METHYLATION OF BM742401 CORRELATED INVERSELY WITH EXPRESSION. IN THE COMPLETELY METHYLATED WAC3CD5+ CLL CELLS, 5-AZA-2'-DEOXYCYTIDINE TREATMENT LED TO PROMOTER DEMETHYLATION AND RE-EXPRESSION OF BM742401 TRANSCRIPT. FUNCTIONALLY, STABLE OVEREXPRESSION OF BM742401 RESULTED IN INHIBITION OF CELLULAR PROLIFERATION AND ENHANCED APOPTOSIS THROUGH CASPASE-9-DEPENDENT INTRINSIC BUT NOT CASPASE-8-DEPENDENT EXTRINSIC APOPTOSIS PATHWAY, SUGGESTING A TUMOR SUPPRESSOR ROLE OF BM742401 IN CLL. IN PRIMARY CLL SAMPLES, METHYLATION OF BM742401 WAS DETECTED IN 43/98 (43.9%) OF PATIENTS. MOREOVER, AMONG CLL PATIENTS WITH STANDARD-RISK CYTOGENETIC ABERRATIONS, METHYLATION OF BM742401 CORRELATED WITH ADVANCED RAI STAGE (>/= STAGE 2)(P = 0.002). FURTHERMORE, BM742401 METHYLATION WAS ASSOCIATED WITH MIR-129-2 METHYLATION (P = 0.05). BM742401 IS A TUMOR SUPPRESSOR LNCRNA FREQUENTLY METHYLATED IN CLL. THE MECHANISM OF BM742401 AS A TUMOR SUPPRESSOR WARRANTS FURTHER STUDIES.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
16  3809  40 INTRAPERITONEAL 5-AZACYTIDINE ALLEVIATES NERVE INJURY-INDUCED PAIN IN RATS BY MODULATING DNA METHYLATION. TO INVESTIGATE THE ROLE OF DNA METHYLATION IN MODULATING CHRONIC NEUROPATHIC PAIN (NPP), IDENTIFY POSSIBLE TARGET GENES OF DNA METHYLATION INVOLVED IN THIS PROCESS, AND PRELIMINARILY CONFIRM THE MEDICINAL VALUE OF THE DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES (DNMTS) INHIBITOR 5-AZACYTIDINE (5-AZA) IN NPP BY TARGETING GENE METHYLATION. TWO RAT NPP MODELS, CHRONIC CONSTRICTION INJURY (CCI) AND SPINAL NERVE LIGATION (SNL), WERE USED. THE DNA METHYLATION PROFILES IN THE LUMBAR SPINAL CORD WERE ASSAYED USING AN ARRAYSTAR RAT REFSEQ PROMOTER ARRAY. THE UNDERLYING GENES WITH DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION WERE THEN IDENTIFIED AND SUBMITTED TO GENE ONTOLOGY AND PATHWAY ANALYSIS. METHYL-DNA IMMUNOPRECIPITATION QUANTITATIVE PCR (MEDIP-QPCR) AND QUANTITATIVE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR (RT-QPCR) WERE USED TO CONFIRM GENE METHYLATION AND EXPRESSION. THE PROTECTIVE FUNCTION OF 5-AZA IN NPP AND GENE EXPRESSION WERE EVALUATED VIA BEHAVIORAL ASSAYS AND RT-QPCR, RESPECTIVELY. ANALYSIS OF THE DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS IN THE LUMBAR SPINAL CORD INDICATED THAT 1205 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED FRAGMENTS IN CCI RATS WERE LOCATED WITHIN DNA PROMOTER REGIONS, INCLUDING 638 HYPERMETHYLATED FRAGMENTS AND 567 HYPOMETHYLATED FRAGMENTS. THE METHYLATION LEVELS OF GRM4, HTR4, ADRB2, KCNF1, GAD2, AND PPARG, WHICH ARE ASSOCIATED WITH LONG-TERM POTENTIATION (LTP) AND GLUTAMATERGIC SYNAPSE PATHWAYS, WERE INCREASED WITH A CORRESPONDING DECREASE IN THEIR MRNA EXPRESSION, IN THE SPINAL CORDS OF CCI RATS. MOREOVER, WE FOUND THAT THE INTRAPERITONEAL INJECTION OF 5-AZA (4 MG/KG) ATTENUATED CCI- OR SNL-INDUCED MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA AND THERMAL HYPERALGESIA. FINALLY, THE MRNA EXPRESSION OF HYPERMETHYLATED GENES SUCH AS GRM4, HTR4, ADRB2, KCNF1, AND GAD2 WAS REVERSED AFTER 5-AZA TREATMENT. CCI INDUCED WIDESPREAD METHYLATION CHANGES IN THE DNA PROMOTER REGIONS IN THE LUMBAR SPINAL CORD. INTRAPERITONEAL 5-AZA ALLEVIATED HYPERALGESIA IN CCI AND SNL RATS, AN EFFECT ACCOMPANIED BY THE REVERSED EXPRESSION OF HYPERMETHYLATED GENES. THUS, DNA METHYLATION INHIBITION REPRESENTS A PROMISING EPIGENETIC STRATEGY FOR PROTECTION AGAINST CHRONIC NPP FOLLOWING NERVE INJURY. OUR STUDY LAYS A THEORETICAL FOUNDATION FOR 5-AZA TO BECOME A CLINICAL TARGETED DRUG.	2023	
                                                            
17  6674  37 USE OF METHYLATION PROFILING TO IDENTIFY SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED GENES IN BONE MARROW MESENCHYMAL STROMAL CELLS FROM ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA. THE PRESENT STUDY AIMED TO CHARACTERIZE THE EPIGENETIC ARCHITECTURE BY STUDYING THE DNA METHYLATION SIGNATURE IN BONE MARROW MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS (BM?MSCS) FROM PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA (AML). MICROARRAY DATASET GSE79695 WAS DOWNLOADED FROM THE GENE EXPRESSION OMNIBUS DATABASE. DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED SITES AND DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPG ISLANDS WERE IDENTIFIED IN BM?MSC SAMPLES FROM PATIENTS WITH AML COMPARED WITH CONTROLS. MICRORNAS (MIRS) ENCODING GENES COVERING DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED SITES WERE FOUND AND THE REGULATION NETWORK WAS CONSTRUCTED. PATHWAY ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS OF HYPERMETHYLATED GENES AND HYPOMETHYLATED GENES WAS PERFORMED, FOLLOWED BY PROTEIN?PROTEIN INTERACTION (PPI) NETWORK CONSTRUCTION. MOREOVER, THE IDENTIFIED DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED GENES WERE COMPARED WITH THE LEUKEMIA?RELATED MARKER/THERAPEUTIC GENES FROM THE LITERATURE. OVERALL, 228 HYPERMETHYLATED CPG SITE PROBES COVERING 183 GENE SYMBOLS AND 523 HYPOMETHYLATED CPG SITES PROBES COVERING 362 GENE SYMBOLS WERE IDENTIFIED IN THE BM?MSCS FROM AML PATIENTS. FURTHERMORE, 4 GENES WITH CPG ISLAND HYPERMETHYLATION WERE IDENTIFIED, INCLUDING PEPTIDASE M20 DOMAIN CONTAINING 1 (PM20D1). THE HSA?MIR?596?ENCODING GENE MIR596 WAS FOUND TO BE HYPERMETHYLATED AND THE REGULATION NETWORK BASED ON HSA?MIR?596 AND ITS TARGETS (SUCH AS CYTOCHROME P450 FAMILY 1 SUBFAMILY B MEMBER 1) WAS CONSTRUCTED. HYPERMETHYLATED AND HYPOMETHYLATED GENES WERE ENRICHED IN DIFFERENT KYOTO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF GENES AND GENOMES PATHWAYS, INCLUDING 'HSA05221: ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA' AND 'HSA05220: CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA', WHICH THE HYPOMETHYLATED GENE MITOGEN?ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 3 (MAPK3) WAS INVOLVED IN. IN ADDITION, MAPK3, LYSINE DEMETHYLASE 2B AND RAP1A, MEMBER OF RAS ONCOGENE FAMILY WERE HUBS IN THE PPI NETWORK OF METHYLATED GENES. IN CONCLUSION, PM20D1 WITH HYPERMETHYLATION OF CPG ISLANDS MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH THE ENERGY EXPENDITURE OF PATIENTS WITH AML. FURTHERMORE, THE ABERRANTLY HYPERMETHYLATED MIR?159?ENCODING GENE MIR159 MAY BE A POTENTIAL BIOMARKER OF AML.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                            
18  4245  32 METHYLATION STATUS OF DDIT3 GENE IN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA. BACKGROUND: DNA-DAMAGE-INDUCIBLE TRANSCRIPT 3 (DDIT3), A CANDIDATE TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE (TSG), HAS BEEN FOUND INVOLVED IN THE REGULATION OF CELLULAR GROWTH AND DIFFERENTIATION. THE EPIGENETIC CHANGES OF TSGS ARE RECENTLY RECOGNIZED AS AN ABNORMAL MECHANISM CONTRIBUTING TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML). THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE METHYLATION STATUS OF DDIT3 GENE IN CML PATIENTS. METHODS: THE METHYLATION STATUS OF DDIT3 PROMOTER WAS DETECTED IN THE BONE MARROW MONONUCLEAR CELLS FROM 53 PATIENTS WITH CML USING METHYLATION-SPECIFIC PCR (MSP). THE EXPRESSION LEVELS OF DDIT3 AND BCR/ABL TRANSCRIPT WERE DETERMINED BY REAL-TIME QUANTITATIVE PCR (RQ-PCR). CLINICAL DATA OF THESE PATIENTS WERE COLLECTED AND ANALYZED. RESULTS: THE ABERRANT METHYLATION OF DDIT3 GENE PROMOTER WAS FOUND IN 35 OF 53 (66%) CML CASES. CORRELATION WAS NOT FOUND BETWEEN DDIT3 PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATION AND THE AGE, SEX, HEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATION, PLATELET COUNTS, CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES, BCR/ABL TRANSCRIPT, AND STAGING OF CML PATIENTS (P > 0.05), BUT FOUND BETWEEN DDIT3 PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATION AND WBC COUNTS OF CML CASES (R = 0.781, P < 0.001). THE LEVEL OF DDIT3 TRANSCRIPT IN CML PATIENTS WAS SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER THAN THAT IN CONTROLS (MEDIAN 3.28 VS 19.69, P < 0.001), HOWEVER, THERE WAS NO DIFFERENCE IN THE LEVEL OF DDIT3 TRANSCRIPT BETWEEN METHYLATION-POSITIVE CML CASES (0.05-65.32, MEDIAN 2.13) AND METHYLATION- NEGATIVE CML CASES (0.12-126.04, MEDIAN 3.92) (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: OUR RESULTS DEMONSTRATE THAT ABERRANT METHYLATION OF DDIT3 OCCURS IN CML FREQUENTLY.	2010	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
19   494  29 ASSESSMENT OF PROMOTER METHYLATION IDENTIFIES PTCH AS A PUTATIVE TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENE IN HUMAN CLL. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL) IS CHARACTERIZED BY A CLONAL ACCUMULATION OF NEOPLASTIC LYMPHOCYTES, INDICATING DISRUPTION OF APOPTOSIS. PATIENTS AND METHODS: DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION HYBRIDIZATION ANALYSIS WAS PERFORMED TO IDENTIFY NOVEL TARGET GENES SILENCED BY CPG ISLAND METHYLATION IN PATIENTS WITH CLL. RESULTS: PATCHED (PTCH), A TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENE, WAS FOUND TO BE FREQUENTLY METHYLATED IN CLL SAMPLES COMPARED TO SAMPLES DERIVED FROM HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS. DE NOVO METHYLATION OF A CPG ISLAND REGION LOCATED UPSTREAM OF PTCH EXON 1 WAS CONFIRMED BY PYROSEQUENCING IN 17/37 (46%) OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS OF PATIENTS WITH CLL, BUT IN NONE ISOLATED FROM SEVEN HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS. NO ASSOCIATION WAS FOUND BETWEEN PTCH HYPERMETHYLATION AND CURRENTLY USED PROGNOSTIC CLL FACTORS. CONCLUSION: OUR INVESTIGATION SUGGESTS THAT EPIGENETIC SILENCING OF PTCH IS A MECHANISM CONTRIBUTING TO CLL TUMORIGENESIS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
20   157  33 ABERRANT METHYLATION OF TUMOUR SUPPRESSOR GENE ADAM12 IN CHRONIC LYMPOCYTIC LEUKEMIA PATIENTS: APPLICATION OF METHYLATION SPECIFIC-PCR TECHNIQUE. OBJECTIVE: CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL) IS A COMMON LEUKEMIA AMONG CAUCASIANS BUT RARE IN ASIANS POPULATION. WE POSTULATED THAT ABERRANT METHYLATION EITHER HYPERMETHYLATION OR PARTIAL METHYLATION MIGHT BE ONE OF THE SILENCING MECHANISMS THAT INACTIVATES THE TUMOUR SUPPRESSOR GENES IN CLL. THIS STUDY AIMED TO COMPARE THE METHYLATION STATUS OF TUMOUR SUPPRESSOR GENE, ADAM12, AMONG CLL PATIENTS AND NORMAL INDIVIDUALS. WE ALSO EVALUATED THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN METHYLATION OF ADAM12 AND CLINICAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PARTICIPANTS. METHODS: A TOTAL OF 25 CLL PATIENTS AND 25 NORMAL INDIVIDUALS WERE RECRUITED IN THIS STUDY. THE METHYLATION STATUS OF ADAM12 WAS DETERMINED USING METHYLATION-SPECIFIC PCR (MSP); WHEREAS, DNA SEQUENCING METHOD WAS APPLIED FOR VALIDATION OF THE MSP RESULTS. RESULTS: AMONG CLL PATIENTS, 12 (48%) WERE PARTIALLY METHYLATED AND 13 (52%) WERE UNMETHYLATED. MEANWHILE, 5 (20%) AND 20 (80.6%) OF HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS WERE PARTIALLY METHYLATED AND UNMETHYLATED, RESPECTIVELY. THERE WAS A STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE STATUS OF METHYLATION AT ADAM12 AND THE PRESENCE OF CLL (P=0.037). CONCLUSION: THE ABERRANT METHYLATION OF ADAM12 FOUND IN THIS STUDY USING MSP ASSAY MAY PROVIDE NEW EXPOSURE TO CLL THAT MAY IMPROVE THE GAPS INVOLVED IN GENETIC EPIGENETIC STUDY IN CLL.	2021