1  4792 138 NUTRITIONAL EPIGENETICS AND PHYTOCHEMICALS IN CANCER FORMATION. NUTRIGENETICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS ARE TWO CONCEPTS IN THE AREA OF NUTRITIONAL GENOMICS. EPIGENETICS IS A NEW DISCIPLINE WITH SIGNIFICANT POTENTIAL IN THE PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF CERTAIN CARCINOMAS AND DISEASES. EPIGENETICS CONSISTS OF DNA METHYLATION, HISTONE MODIFICATION, NON-CODING RNAS, AND TELOMERASE ACTIVITY. EPIGENETIC-BASED MECHANISMS ACT ON THE INHIBITION OF CANCER CELLS BY MODULATING ENZYMES SUCH AS DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE AND HISTONE DEACETYLASE, AS WELL AS NON-CODING RNAS. PHYTOCHEMICALS ARE NATURAL BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS OF PLANT ORIGIN THAT HAVE ANTIOXIDANT, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, AND ANTI-ANGIOGENIC EFFECTS ON VARIOUS DISEASES, ESPECIALLY CANCER. THE EPIGENETIC DIET IS A NUTRITIONAL MODEL BASED ON THE CONSUMPTION OF VARIOUS PHYTOCHEMICALS SUCH AS EPIGALLOCATECHIN-3-GALLATE, MORIN, CAFFEIC ACID PHENYL ESTER, APIGENIN, GENISTEIN, CURCUMIN, RESVERATROL, AND SULFORAPHANE. PHYTOCHEMICALS EXERT THEIR EFFECTS ON CANCER-BASED BY REDUCING CELL PROLIFERATION, INVASION, AND METASTASIS AND INCREASING CELL APOPTOSIS. SIMULTANEOUSLY, IT HAS FUNCTIONS SUCH AS REDUCING ONCOGENES THAT HAVE EFFECTS ON CANCER ETIOLOGY AND INCREASING TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES.KEY TEACHING POINTSCANCER IS A CHRONIC DISEASE WITH A HIGH MORTALITY RATE, IN WHICH VARIOUS GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ARE INVOLVED IN ITS ETIOLOGY.PROTOONCOGENES, TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES, AND DNA REPAIR GENES ARE AMONG THE GENE GROUPS THAT FORM THE BASIS OF CANCER AND GENETIC STRUCTURE.THE BIDIRECTIONAL INTERACTION BETWEEN NUTRITION AND THE HUMAN GENOME HAS BEEN EFFECTIVE IN THE EMERGENCE OF THE CONCEPTS OF NUTRIGENETICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS.EPIGENETIC DIET IS A DIET BASED ON THE CONSUMPTION OF FOODS SUCH AS SOY, GRAPES, BLUEBERRIES, TURMERIC, CRUCIFEROUS VEGETABLES, AND GREEN TEA, WHICH INDUCE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS THAT PROTECT AGAINST CANCER AND AGING.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
2  1813  29 EFFECTS OF CAFFEIC ACID ON EPIGENETICS IN THE BRAIN OF RATS WITH CHRONIC UNPREDICTABLE MILD STRESS. THE PRESENT STUDY HYPOTHESIZED THAT CAFFEIC ACID (3,4?DIHYDROXYCINNAMIC ACID; CAA) MAY EXERT ANTIDEPRESSANT?LIKE EFFECTS IN RATS WITH CHRONIC UNPREDICTABLE MILD STRESS VIA EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS, SUCH AS DNA METHYLATION AND HYDROXYMETHYLATION. THE CHRONIC UNPREDICTABLE MILD STRESS (CUMS) MODEL WAS USED TO ANALYZE THE EFFECTS OF CAA ON BEHAVIORAL PHENOTYPES, AND TO EVALUATE THE DISTRIBUTION OF 5?METHYLCYTOSINE (5MC) AND 5?HYDROXYMETHYLCYTOSINE (5HMC) IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS AND PREFRONTAL CORTEX USING IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY AND IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE. MRNA LEVELS OF THE GENES ENCODING BRAIN?DERIVED NEUROTROPIC FACTOR (BDNF) AND CATECHOL?O?METHYLTRANSFERASE (COMT), AND KEY ENZYMES REGULATING DNA METHYLATION [DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE (DNMT)1 AND DNMT3A] AND HYDROXYMETHYLATION [TEN?ELEVEN TRANSLOCATION (TET)1?3] WERE EXAMINED USING QUANTITATIVE (Q)PCR. FURTHERMORE, ENRICHMENT OF 5MC AND 5HMC AT THE PROMOTOR REGIONS OF THE BDNF AND COMT GENES WAS QUANTIFIED USING CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION?QPCR. BEHAVIORAL DATA SHOWED THAT CAA EXERTED A SLIGHT ANTIDEPRESSANT?LIKE EFFECT. BDNF AND COMT GENES SHOWED DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION PATTERNS DUE TO CUMS. CAA INTERVENTION INDUCED DIFFERENT DNMT1/DNMT3A AND TET1/TET2 MRNA LEVELS IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS AND PREFRONTAL CORTEX, RESPECTIVELY. CAA REGULATED THE RATIO OF 5MC/5HMC AT THE PROMOTOR REGION OF THE BDNF AND COMT GENES AND THEREFORE INFLUENCED GENE EXPRESSION, WHICH MAY BE A VALUABLE THERAPEUTIC OPTION FOR MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER (MDD). IN CONCLUSION, THERE WERE EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS AND PREFRONTAL CORTEX IN CUMS RATS, AND CAA MAY FUNCTION AS A MODULATOR OF DNA METHYLATION TO REGULATE GENE TRANSCRIPTION, THUS PROVIDING A MECHANISTIC BASIS FOR THE USE OF THIS PHYTOCHEMICAL AGENT IN THE TREATMENT OF MDD.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
3  1103  33 COMBINED DUAL EFFECT OF MODULATION OF HUMAN NEUTROPHILS' OXIDATIVE BURST AND INHIBITION OF COLON CANCER CELLS PROLIFERATION BY HYDROXYCINNAMIC ACID DERIVATIVES. COLON CANCER IS ONE OF THE MOST INCIDENT CANCERS IN THE WESTERN WORLD. WHILE BOTH GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF COLON CANCER, IT IS KNOWN THAT CHRONIC INFLAMMATION ASSOCIATED TO EXCESSIVE PRODUCTION OF REACTIVE OXYGEN AND NITROGEN SPECIES BY PHAGOCYTES MAY ULTIMATELY INITIATE THE MULTISTEP PROCESS OF COLON CANCER DEVELOPMENT. PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS, WHICH REVEAL ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIPROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITIES IN COLON CANCER CELLS, CAN BE A GOOD APPROACH TO SURPASS THIS PROBLEM. IN THIS WORK, HYDROXYCINNAMIC AMIDES AND THE RESPECTIVE ACID PRECURSORS WERE TESTED IN VITRO FOR THEIR CAPACITY TO MODULATE HUMAN NEUTROPHILS' OXIDATIVE BURST AND SIMULTANEOUSLY TO INHIBIT GROWTH OF COLON CANCER CELLS. A PHENOLIC AMIDE DERIVATIVE, CAFFEIC ACID HEXYLAMIDE (CAHA) (4) WAS FOUND TO BE THE MOST ACTIVE COMPOUND IN BOTH ASSAYS, INHIBITING HUMAN NEUTROPHILS' OXIDATIVE BURST, RESTRAINING THE INFLAMMATORY PROCESS, INHIBITING GROWTH OF COLON CANCER CELLS AND TRIGGERING MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION THAT LEADS CANCER CELLS TO APOPTOSIS. ALTOGETHER, THESE ACHIEVEMENTS CAN CONTRIBUTE TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITIES AND BASED ON THE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS (SAR) ESTABLISHED CAN BE THE STARTING POINT TO FIND MORE EFFECTIVE PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AS ANTICANCER AGENTS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
4  3730  31 INHIBITION OF THE COREST REPRESSOR COMPLEX PROMOTES WOUND RE-EPITHELIALIZATION VIA REGULATION OF KERATINOCYTE MIGRATION. WOUND HEALING IS A COMPLEX PROCESS INVOLVING PHASES OF HEMOSTASIS, INFLAMMATION, PROLIFERATION, AND REMODELING. THE REGENERATIVE PROCESS IN THE SKIN REQUIRES COORDINATION BETWEEN MANY REGULATORS INCLUDING SIGNALING MOLECULES, TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS AND THE EPIGENETIC MACHINERY. HERE WE SHOW THAT CHROMATIN REGULATORS HISTONE DEACETYLASE 1 (HDAC1) AND LYSINE-SPECIFIC HISTONE DEMETHYLASE 1 (LSD1), KEY COMPONENTS OF THE COREST REPRESSOR COMPLEX, ARE UPREGULATED IN THE REGENERATING EPIDERMIS DURING WOUND REPAIR. WE ALSO SHOW THAT CORIN, A SYNTHETIC DUAL INHIBITOR OF THE COREST COMPLEX AND HDAC1/LSD1 ACTIVITIES, SIGNIFICANTLY ACCELERATES WOUND CLOSURE THROUGH ENHANCED RE-EPITHELIALIZATION IN A MOUSE TAIL WOUND MODEL. ACETYLATED H3K9 EXPRESSION, A HISTONE MODIFICATION TARGETED BY HDAC1, IS INCREASED IN KERATINOCYTES AFTER TOPICAL TREATMENT WITH 100 NM AND 1 MUM OF CORIN. IN VITRO EXPERIMENTS DEMONSTRATE THAT CORIN PROMOTES MIGRATION AND INHIBITS PROLIFERATION OF HUMAN KERATINOCYTES. FURTHERMORE, EXPRESSION LEVELS OF GENES PROMOTING KERATINOCYTE MIGRATION, SUCH AS AREG, CD24, EPHB2, ITGAX, PTGS, SCT1, SERPINB2, SERPINE1, SLPI, SNAI2 AND TWIST INCREASED IN KERATINOCYTES TREATED WITH CORIN. THESE DATA DEMONSTRATE THAT DUAL INHIBITION OF CLASS I HDACS AND LSD1 BY CORIN, MAY SERVE AS A NEW APPROACH FOR PROMOTING WOUND RE-EPITHELIALIZATION AND PROVIDE A PLATFORM FOR FURTHER APPLICATIONS OF CORIN FOR THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC WOUNDS.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
5   616  43 BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN OXIDATIVE STRESS-MEDIATED DISEASES: TARGETING THE NRF2/ARE SIGNALING PATHWAY AND EPIGENETIC REGULATION. OXIDATIVE STRESS IS A PATHOLOGICAL CONDITION OCCURRING DUE TO AN IMBALANCE BETWEEN THE OXIDANTS AND ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE SYSTEMS IN THE BODY. NUCLEAR FACTOR E2-RELATED FACTOR 2 (NRF2), ENCODED BY THE GENE NFE2L2, IS THE MASTER REGULATOR OF PHASE II ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES THAT PROTECT AGAINST OXIDATIVE STRESS AND INFLAMMATION. NRF2/ARE SIGNALING HAS BEEN CONSIDERED AS A PROMISING TARGET AGAINST OXIDATIVE STRESS-MEDIATED DISEASES LIKE DIABETES, FIBROSIS, NEUROTOXICITY, AND CANCER. THE CONSUMPTION OF DIETARY PHYTOCHEMICALS ACTS AS AN EFFECTIVE MODULATOR OF NRF2/ARE IN VARIOUS ACUTE AND CHRONIC DISEASES. IN THE PRESENT REVIEW, WE DISCUSSED THE ROLE OF NRF2 IN DIABETES, ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD), PARKINSON'S DISEASE (PD), CANCER, AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS. ADDITIONALLY, WE DISCUSSED THE PHYTOCHEMICALS LIKE CURCUMIN, QUERCETIN, RESVERATROL, EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE, APIGENIN, SULFORAPHANE, AND URSOLIC ACID THAT HAVE EFFECTIVELY MODIFIED NRF2 SIGNALING AND PREVENTED VARIOUS DISEASES IN BOTH IN VITRO AND IN VIVO MODELS. BASED ON THE LITERATURE, IT IS CLEAR THAT DIETARY PHYTOCHEMICALS CAN PREVENT DISEASES BY (1) BLOCKING OXIDATIVE STRESS-INHIBITING INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS THROUGH INHIBITING KEAP1 OR ACTIVATING NRF2 EXPRESSION AND ITS DOWNSTREAM TARGETS IN THE NUCLEUS, INCLUDING HO-1, SOD, AND CAT; (2) REGULATING NRF2 SIGNALING BY VARIOUS KINASES LIKE GSK3BETA, PI3/AKT, AND MAPK; AND (3) MODIFYING EPIGENETIC MODULATION, SUCH AS METHYLATION, AT THE NRF2 PROMOTER REGION; HOWEVER, FURTHER INVESTIGATION INTO OTHER UPSTREAM SIGNALING MOLECULES LIKE NRF2 AND THE EFFECT OF PHYTOCHEMICALS ON THEM STILL NEED TO BE INVESTIGATED IN THE NEAR FUTURE.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
6  2352  41 EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF NRF2/KEAP1 BY PHYTOCHEMICALS. EPIGENETICS HAS PROVIDED A NEW DIMENSION TO OUR UNDERSTANDING OF NUCLEAR FACTOR ERYTHROID 2-RELATED FACTOR 2/KELCH-LIKE ECH-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 1 (HUMAN NRF2/KEAP1 AND MURINE NRF2/KEAP1) SIGNALING. UNLIKE THE GENETIC CHANGES AFFECTING DNA SEQUENCE, THE REVERSIBLE NATURE OF EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS PROVIDES AN ATTRACTIVE AVENUE FOR CANCER INTERCEPTION. THUS, TARGETING EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN THE CORRESPONDING SIGNALING NETWORKS REPRESENTS AN ENTICING STRATEGY FOR THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION WITH DIETARY PHYTOCHEMICALS ACTING AT TRANSCRIPTIONAL, POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL, AND POST-TRANSLATIONAL LEVELS. THIS REGULATION INVOLVES THE INTERPLAY OF HISTONE MODIFICATIONS AND DNA METHYLATION STATES IN THE HUMAN NFE2L2/KEAP1 AND MURINE NFE2L2/KEAP1 GENES, ACETYLATION OF LYSINE RESIDUES IN NRF2 AND NRF2, INTERACTION WITH BROMODOMAIN AND EXTRATERMINAL DOMAIN (BET) ACETYL "READER" PROTEINS, AND NON-CODING RNAS SUCH AS MICRORNA (MIRNA) AND LONG NON-CODING RNA (LNCRNA). PHYTOCHEMICALS DOCUMENTED TO MODULATE NRF2 SIGNALING ACT BY REVERSING HYPERMETHYLATED STATES IN THE CPG ISLANDS OF NFE2L2 OR NFE2L2, VIA THE INHIBITION OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES (DNMTS) AND HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDACS), THROUGH THE INDUCTION OF TEN-ELEVEN TRANSLOCATION (TET) ENZYMES, OR BY INDUCING MIRNA TO TARGET THE 3'-UTR OF THE CORRESPONDING MRNA TRANSCRIPTS. TO DATE, FEWER THAN TWENTY PHYTOCHEMICALS HAVE BEEN REPORTED AS NRF2 EPIGENETIC MODIFIERS, INCLUDING CURCUMIN, SULFORAPHANE, RESVERATROL, RESERPINE, AND URSOLIC ACID. THIS OPENS AVENUES FOR EXPLORING ADDITIONAL DIETARY PHYTOCHEMICALS THAT REGULATE THE HUMAN EPIGENOME, AND THE POTENTIAL FOR NOVEL STRATEGIES TO TARGET NRF2 SIGNALING WITH A VIEW TO BENEFICIAL INTERCEPTION OF CANCER AND OTHER CHRONIC DISEASES.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
7  6436  35 THERAPEUTIC ACTIONS OF TEA PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AGAINST OXIDATIVE STRESS AND INFLAMMATION AS CENTRAL MEDIATORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION OF HEALTH PROBLEMS: A REVIEW FOCUSING ON MICRORNA REGULATION. MANY HEALTH PROBLEMS INCLUDING CHRONIC DISEASES ARE CLOSELY ASSOCIATED WITH OXIDATIVE STRESS AND INFLAMMATION. TEA HAS ABUNDANT PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS WITH VARIOUS HEALTH BENEFITS INCLUDING ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES. THIS REVIEW FOCUSES ON THE PRESENT UNDERSTANDING OF THE IMPACT OF TEA PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS ON THE EXPRESSION OF MIRNAS, AND ELUCIDATES THE BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROTECTIVE ACTIONS OF TEA PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AGAINST OXIDATIVE STRESS- AND/OR INFLAMMATION-MEDIATED DISEASES. CLINICAL STUDIES SHOWED THAT DRINKING TEA OR TAKING CATECHIN SUPPLEMENT ON A DAILY BASIS PROMOTED THE ENDOGENOUS ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE SYSTEM OF THE BODY WHILE INHIBITING INFLAMMATORY FACTORS. THE REGULATION OF CHRONIC DISEASES BASED ON EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS, AND THE EPIGENETIC-BASED THERAPIES INVOLVING DIFFERENT TEA PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS, HAVE BEEN INSUFFICIENTLY STUDIED. THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS AND APPLICATION STRATEGIES OF MIR-27 AND MIR-34 INVOLVED IN OXIDATIVE STRESS RESPONSE AND MIR-126 AND MIR-146 INVOLVED IN INFLAMMATION PROCESS WERE PRELIMINARILY INVESTIGATED. SOME EMERGING EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT TEA PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS MAY PROMOTE EPIGENETIC CHANGES, INVOLVING NON-CODING RNA REGULATION, DNA METHYLATION, HISTONE MODIFICATION, UBIQUITIN AND SUMO MODIFICATIONS. HOWEVER, EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS AND EPIGENETIC-BASED DISEASE THERAPIES INVOLVING PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS FROM DIFFERENT TEAS, AND THE POTENTIAL CROSS-TALKS AMONG THE EPIGENETIC EVENTS, REMAIN UNDERSTUDIED.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
8  1945  30 EPIGALLOCATECHIN-3-GALLATE, A HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITOR, INHIBITS EBV-INDUCED B LYMPHOCYTE TRANSFORMATION VIA SUPPRESSION OF RELA ACETYLATION. BECAUSE THE P300/CBP-MEDIATED HYPERACETYLATION OF RELA (P65) IS CRITICAL FOR NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPAB (NF-KAPPAB) ACTIVATION, THE ATTENUATION OF P65 ACETYLATION IS A POTENTIAL MOLECULAR TARGET FOR THE PREVENTION OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATION. DURING OUR ONGOING SCREENING STUDY TO IDENTIFY NATURAL COMPOUNDS WITH HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITOR (HATI) ACTIVITY, WE IDENTIFIED EPIGALLOCATECHIN-3-GALLATE (EGCG) AS A NOVEL HATI WITH GLOBAL SPECIFICITY FOR THE MAJORITY OF HAT ENZYMES BUT WITH NO ACTIVITY TOWARD EPIGENETIC ENZYMES INCLUDING HDAC, SIRT1, AND HMTASE. AT A DOSE OF 100 MICROMOL/L, EGCG ABROGATES P300-INDUCED P65 ACETYLATION IN VITRO AND IN VIVO, INCREASES THE LEVEL OF CYTOSOLIC IKAPPABALPHA, AND SUPPRESSES TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA (TNFALPHA)-INDUCED NF-KAPPAB ACTIVATION. WE ALSO SHOWED THAT EGCG PREVENTS TNFALPHA-INDUCED P65 TRANSLOCATION TO THE NUCLEUS, CONFIRMING THAT HYPERACETYLATION IS CRITICAL FOR NF-KAPPAB TRANSLOCATION AS WELL AS ACTIVITY. FURTHERMORE, EGCG TREATMENT INHIBITED THE ACETYLATION OF P65 AND THE EXPRESSION OF NF-KAPPAB TARGET GENES IN RESPONSE TO DIVERSE STIMULI. FINALLY, EGCG REDUCED THE BINDING OF P300 TO THE PROMOTER REGION OF INTERLEUKIN-6 GENE WITH AN INCREASED RECRUITMENT OF HDAC3, WHICH HIGHLIGHTS THE IMPORTANCE OF THE BALANCE BETWEEN HATS AND HISTONE DEACETYLASES IN THE NF-KAPPAB-MEDIATED INFLAMMATORY SIGNALING PATHWAY. IMPORTANTLY, EGCG AT 50 MICROMOL/L DOSE COMPLETELY BLOCKS EBV INFECTION-INDUCED CYTOKINE EXPRESSION AND SUBSEQUENTLY THE EBV-INDUCED B LYMPHOCYTE TRANSFORMATION. THESE RESULTS SHOW THE CRUCIAL ROLE OF ACETYLATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFLAMMATORY-RELATED DISEASES.	2009	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
9  3889  38 KLOTHO RECOVERY BY GENISTEIN VIA PROMOTER HISTONE ACETYLATION AND DNA DEMETHYLATION MITIGATES RENAL FIBROSIS IN MICE. RENAL FIBROSIS IS A COMMON HISTOMORPHOLOGICAL FEATURE OF RENAL AGING AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASES OF ALL ETIOLOGIES, AND ITS INITIATION AND PROGRESSION ARE SUBSTANTIALLY INFLUENCED BY ABERRANT EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS OF FIBROSIS-SUSCEPTIBLE GENES, YET WITHOUT EFFECTIVE THERAPY. "EPIGENETIC DIETS" EXHIBIT TISSUE-PROTECTIVE AND EPIGENETIC-MODULATING PROPERTIES; HOWEVER, THEIR ANTI-RENAL FIBROSIS FUNCTIONS AND THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS ARE LESS UNDERSTOOD. IN THIS STUDY, WE SHOW THAT GENISTEIN, A PHYTOESTROGENIC ISOFLAVONE ENRICHED IN DIETARY SOY PRODUCTS, EXHIBITS IMPRESSIVE ANTI-RENAL FIBROSIS ACTIVITIES BY RECOVERING EPIGENETIC LOSS OF KLOTHO, A KIDNEY-ENRICHED ANTI-AGING AND FIBROSIS-SUPPRESSING PROTEIN. MOUSE FIBROTIC KIDNEYS INDUCED BY UUO (UNILATERAL URETERAL OCCLUSION) DISPLAYED SEVERER KLOTHO SUPPRESSION AND ADVERSE EXPRESSION OF RENAL FIBROSIS-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS, BUT GENISTEIN ADMINISTRATION MARKEDLY RECOVERED THE KLOTHO LOSS AND ATTENUATED RENAL FIBROSIS AND THE PROTEIN EXPRESSION ABNORMALITIES. THE EXAMINATION OF POSSIBLE CAUSES OF THE KLOTHO RECOVERY REVEALED THAT GENISTEIN SIMULTANEOUSLY INHIBITED HISTONE 3 DEACETYLATION OF KLOTHO PROMOTER AND NORMALIZED THE PROMOTER DNA HYPERMETHYLATION BY SUPPRESSING ELEVATED DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE DNMT1 AND DNMT3A. MORE IMPORTANTLY, GENISTEIN'S ANTI-RENAL FIBROSIS EFFECTS ON THE RENAL FIBROTIC LESIONS AND THE ABNORMAL EXPRESSIONS OF FIBROSIS-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS WERE ABROGATED WHEN KLOTHO IS KNOCKDOWN BY RNA INTERFERENCES IN UUO MICE. THUS, OUR RESULTS IDENTIFY KLOTHO RESTORATION VIA EPIGENETIC HISTONE ACETYLATION AND DNA DEMETHYLATION AS A CRITICAL MECHANISM OF GENISTEIN'S ANTI-FIBROSIS FUNCTION AND SHED NEW LIGHTS ON THE POTENTIALS OF EPIGENETIC DIETS IN PREVENTING OR TREATING AGING OR RENAL FIBROSIS-ASSOCIATED KIDNEY DISEASES. KEY MESSAGES: GENISTEIN PREVENTS RENAL FIBROSIS AND THE ASSOCIATED KLOTHO SUPPRESSION IN UUO MICE. GENISTEIN UPREGULATES KLOTHO IN PART BY REVERSING THE PROMOTER HISTONE 3 HYPOACETYLATION. GENISTEIN ALSO PRESERVES KLOTHO VIA RELIEVING KLOTHO PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATION. GENISTEIN DEMETHYLATES KLOTHO PROMOTER BY INHIBITING ABERRANT DNMT1/3A EXPRESSION. GENISTEIN RESTORATION OF KLOTHO IS ESSENTIAL FOR ITS ANTI-RENAL FIBROSIS FUNCTION.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
10  1406  37 DIETARY HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS: FROM CELLS TO MICE TO MAN. SULFORAPHANE (SFN) IS AN ISOTHIOCYANATE FOUND IN CRUCIFEROUS VEGETABLES, SUCH AS BROCCOLI AND BROCCOLI SPROUTS. THIS ANTICARCINOGEN WAS FIRST IDENTIFIED AS A POTENT INDUCER OF PHASE 2 DETOXIFICATION ENZYMES, BUT EVIDENCE IS MOUNTING THAT SFN ALSO ACTS THROUGH EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. SFN HAS BEEN SHOWN TO INHIBIT HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC) ACTIVITY IN HUMAN COLON AND PROSTATE CANCER LINES, WITH AN INCREASE IN GLOBAL AND LOCAL HISTONE ACETYLATION STATUS, SUCH AS ON THE PROMOTER REGIONS OF P21 AND BAX GENES. SFN ALSO INHIBITED THE GROWTH OF PROSTATE CANCER XENOGRAFTS AND SPONTANEOUS INTESTINAL POLYPS IN MOUSE MODELS, WITH EVIDENCE FOR ALTERED HISTONE ACETYLATION AND HDAC ACTIVITIES IN VIVO. IN HUMAN SUBJECTS, A SINGLE INGESTION OF 68 G BROCCOLI SPROUTS INHIBITED HDAC ACTIVITY IN CIRCULATING PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS 3-6 H AFTER CONSUMPTION, WITH CONCOMITANT INDUCTION OF HISTONE H3 AND H4 ACETYLATION. THESE FINDINGS PROVIDE EVIDENCE THAT ONE MECHANISM OF CANCER CHEMOPREVENTION BY SFN IS VIA EPIGENETIC CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH INHIBITION OF HDAC ACTIVITY. OTHER DIETARY AGENTS SUCH AS BUTYRATE, BIOTIN, LIPOIC ACID, GARLIC ORGANOSULFUR COMPOUNDS, AND METABOLITES OF VITAMIN E HAVE STRUCTURAL FEATURES COMPATIBLE WITH HDAC INHIBITION. THE ABILITY OF DIETARY COMPOUNDS TO DE-REPRESS EPIGENETICALLY SILENCED GENES IN CANCER CELLS, AND TO ACTIVATE THESE GENES IN NORMAL CELLS, HAS IMPORTANT IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY. IN A BROADER CONTEXT, THERE IS GROWING INTEREST IN DIETARY HDAC INHIBITORS AND THEIR IMPACT ON EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS AFFECTING OTHER CHRONIC CONDITIONS, SUCH AS CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, NEURODEGENERATION AND AGING.	2007	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
11   687  32 BRAINSTEM BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR SIGNALING IS REQUIRED FOR HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR-INDUCED PAIN RELIEF. OUR PREVIOUS STUDY DEMONSTRATED THAT PERSISTENT PAIN CAN EPIGENETICALLY SUPPRESS THE TRANSCRIPTION OF GAD2 [ENCODING GLUTAMIC ACID DECARBOXYLASE 65 (GAD65)] AND CONSEQUENTLY IMPAIR THE INHIBITORY FUNCTION OF GABAERGIC SYNAPSES IN CENTRAL PAIN-MODULATING NEURONS. THIS CONTRIBUTES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF PERSISTENT PAIN SENSITIZATION. HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC) INHIBITORS INCREASED GAD65 ACTIVITY CONSIDERABLY, RESTORED GABA SYNAPTIC FUNCTION, AND RENDERED SENSITIZED PAIN BEHAVIOR LESS PRONOUNCED. HOWEVER, THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS BY WHICH HDAC REGULATES GABAERGIC TRANSMISSION THROUGH GAD65 UNDER PAIN CONDITIONS ARE UNKNOWN. THIS WORK SHOWED THAT HDAC INHIBITOR-INDUCED INCREASES IN COLOCALIZATION OF GAD65 AND SYNAPTIC PROTEIN SYNAPSIN I ON THE PRESYNAPTIC AXON TERMINALS OF THE NUCLEUS RAPHE MAGNUS (NRM) WERE BLOCKED BY A TRKB RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST K252A [(9S,10R,12R)-2,3,9,10,11,12-HEXAHYDRO-10-HYDROXY-9-METHYL-1-OXO-9,12-EPOXY-1H-DIINDOLO[1,2,3-FG:3',2',1'-KL]PYRROLO[3,4-I][1,6]BENZODIAZOCINE-10-CARBOXYLIC ACID METHYL ESTER], INDICATING THAT BDNF-TRKB SIGNALING MAY BE REQUIRED IN GAD65 MODULATION OF GABA SYNAPTIC FUNCTION. AT THE BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) PROMOTER, HDAC INHIBITORS INDUCED SIGNIFICANT INCREASES IN H3 HYPERACETYLATION, CONSISTENT WITH THE INCREASE IN BDNF MRNA AND TOTAL PROTEINS. ALTHOUGH EXOGENOUS BDNF FACILITATED GABA MINIATURE INHIBITORY POSTSYNAPTIC CURRENTS AND GAD65 ACCUMULATION IN NRM NEURONAL SYNAPSES IN NORMAL RATS, IT FAILED TO DO SO IN ANIMALS SUBJECTED TO PERSISTENT INFLAMMATION. IN ADDITION, BLOCKADE OF THE TRKB RECEPTOR WITH K252A HAS NO EFFECT ON MINIATURE INHIBITORY POSTSYNAPTIC CURRENTS AND SYNAPTIC GAD65 ACCUMULATION UNDER NORMAL CONDITIONS. IN ADDITION, THE ANALGESIC EFFECTS OF HDAC INHIBITORS ON BEHAVIOR WERE BLOCKED BY NRM INFUSION OF K252A. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT BDNF-TRKB SIGNALING IS REQUIRED FOR DRUGS THAT REVERSE THE EPIGENETIC EFFECTS OF CHRONIC PAIN AT THE GENE LEVEL, SUCH AS HDAC INHIBITORS.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
12  1416  34 DIETARY POLYPHENOLS REMODEL DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS OF NRF2 IN CHRONIC DISEASE. THE NUCLEAR FACTOR ERYTHROID 2-RELATED FACTOR 2 (NRF2) IS A TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR CRUCIAL IN REGULATING CELLULAR HOMEOSTASIS AND APOPTOSIS. THE NRF2 GENE HAS BEEN IMPLICATED IN VARIOUS BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES, INCLUDING ANTIOXIDANT, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, AND ANTICANCER PROPERTIES. NRF2 CAN BE REGULATED GENETICALLY AND EPIGENETICALLY AT THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL, POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL, AND TRANSLATIONAL LEVELS. ALTHOUGH DNA METHYLATION IS ONE OF THE CRITICAL BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES VITAL FOR GENE EXPRESSION, SOMETIMES, ANOMALOUS METHYLATION PATTERNS RESULT IN THE DYSREGULATION OF GENES AND CONSEQUENT DISEASES AND DISORDERS. SEVERAL STUDIES HAVE REPORTED PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATION DOWNREGULATED NRF2 EXPRESSION AND ITS DOWNSTREAM TARGETS. IN CONTRAST TO THE UNALTERABLE NATURE OF GENETIC PATTERNS, EPIGENETIC CHANGES CAN BE REVERSED, OPENING UP NEW POSSIBILITIES IN DEVELOPING THERAPIES FOR VARIOUS METABOLIC DISORDERS AND DISEASES. THIS REVIEW DISCUSSES THE CURRENT STATE OF THE NRF2-MEDIATED ANTIOXIDATIVE AND CHEMOPREVENTIVE ACTIVITIES OF SEVERAL NATURAL PHYTOCHEMICALS, INCLUDING SULFORAPHANE, RESVERATROL, CURCUMIN, LUTEOLIN, COROSOLIC ACID, APIGENIN, AND MOST OTHER COMPOUNDS THAT HAVE BEEN FOUND TO ACTIVATE NRF2. THIS EPIGENETIC REVERSAL OF HYPERMETHYLATED NRF2 STATES PROVIDES NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR RESEARCH INTO DIETARY PHYTOCHEMISTRY THAT AFFECTS THE HUMAN EPIGENOME AND THE POSSIBILITY FOR CUTTING-EDGE APPROACHES TO TARGET NRF2-MEDIATED SIGNALING TO PREVENT CHRONIC DISORDERS.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
13  6290  41 THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF NUTRITIONAL GENOMICS TOOLS IN VALIDATING HIGH HEALTH FOODS FOR CANCER CONTROL: BROCCOLI AS EXAMPLE. NUTRITIONAL GENOMICS REFLECTS GENE/NUTRIENT INTERACTIONS, UTILISING HIGH-THROUGHPUT GENOMIC TOOLS IN NUTRITION RESEARCH. THE FIELD ALSO CONSIDERS THE CONTRIBUTION OF INDIVIDUAL GENOTYPES TO WELLNESS AND THE RISK OF CHRONIC DISEASE (NUTRIGENETICS), AND HOW SUCH GENETIC PREDISPOSITION MAY BE MODIFIED BY APPROPRIATE DIETS. FOR EXAMPLE, HIGH CONSUMPTION OF BRASSICACEOUS VEGETABLES, INCLUDING BROCCOLI, HAS REGULARLY ASSOCIATED WITH LOW CANCER RISK. BIOACTIVE CHEMICALS IN BROCCOLI INCLUDE GLUCOSINOLATES, PLANT PIGMENTS INCLUDING KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN, LUTEIN AND CAROTENOIDS, VARIOUS VITAMINS, MINERALS AND AMINO ACIDS. CANCER PREVENTION IS HYPOTHESISED TO ACT THROUGH VARIOUS MECHANISMS INCLUDING MODULATION OF XENOBIOTIC METABOLISING ENZYMES, NF-E2 P45-RELATED FACTOR-2 (NRF2)-MEDIATED STRESS-RESPONSE MECHANISMS, AND PROTECTION AGAINST GENOMIC INSTABILITY. BROCCOLI AND BROCCOLI EXTRACTS ALSO REGULATE THE PROGRESSION OF CANCER THROUGH ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS, EFFECTS ON SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION, EPIGENETIC EFFECTS AND MODULATION OF THE COLONIC MICROFLORA. HUMAN INTERVENTION STUDIES WITH BROCCOLI AND RELATED FOODS, USING STANDARD BIOMARKER METHODOLOGIES, REVEAL PART OF A COMPLEX PICTURE. NUTRIGENOMIC APPROACHES, ESPECIALLY TRANSCRIPTOMICS, ENABLE SIMULTANEOUS STUDY OF VARIOUS SIGNALLING PATHWAYS AND NETWORKS. PHENOTYPIC, GENETIC AND/OR METABOLIC STRATIFICATION MAY IDENTIFY INDIVIDUALS MOST LIKELY TO RESPOND POSITIVELY TO FOODS OR DIETS. JOINTLY, THESE TECHNOLOGIES CAN PROVIDE PROOF OF HUMAN EFFICACY, AND MAY BE ESSENTIAL TO ENSURE EFFECTIVE MARKET TRANSFER AND UPTAKE OF BROCCOLI AND RELATED FOODS.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
14   426  31 ANTI-DIABETIC FUNCTIONS OF SOY ISOFLAVONE GENISTEIN: MECHANISMS UNDERLYING ITS EFFECTS ON PANCREATIC BETA-CELL FUNCTION. TYPE 2 DIABETES IS A RESULT OF CHRONIC INSULIN RESISTANCE AND LOSS OF FUNCTIONAL PANCREATIC BETA-CELL MASS. STRATEGIES TO PRESERVE BETA-CELL MASS AND A GREATER UNDERSTANDING OF THE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING BETA-CELL TURNOVER ARE NEEDED TO PREVENT AND TREAT THIS DEVASTATING DISEASE. GENISTEIN, A NATURALLY OCCURRING SOY ISOFLAVONE, IS REPORTED TO HAVE NUMEROUS HEALTH BENEFITS ATTRIBUTED TO MULTIPLE BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS. OVER THE PAST 10 YEARS, NUMEROUS STUDIES HAVE DEMONSTRATED THAT GENISTEIN HAS ANTI-DIABETIC EFFECTS, IN PARTICULAR, DIRECT EFFECTS ON BETA-CELL PROLIFERATION, GLUCOSE-STIMULATED INSULIN SECRETION AND PROTECTION AGAINST APOPTOSIS, INDEPENDENT OF ITS FUNCTIONS AS AN ESTROGEN RECEPTOR AGONIST, ANTIOXIDANT, OR TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITOR. EFFECTS ARE STRUCTURE-SPECIFIC AND NOT COMMON TO ALL FLAVONOIDS. WHILE THERE ARE LIMITED DATA ON THE EFFECTS OF GENISTEIN CONSUMPTION IN HUMANS WITH DIABETES, THERE ARE A PLETHORA OF ANIMAL AND CELL-CULTURE STUDIES THAT DEMONSTRATE A DIRECT EFFECT OF GENISTEIN ON BETA-CELLS AT PHYSIOLOGICALLY RELEVANT CONCENTRATIONS (<10 MUM). THE EFFECTS APPEAR TO INVOLVE CAMP/PKA SIGNALING AND THERE ARE SOME STUDIES THAT SUGGEST AN EFFECT ON EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION. THIS REVIEW FOCUSES ON THE ANTI-DIABETIC EFFECTS OF GENISTEIN IN BOTH IN VITRO AND IN VIVO MODELS AND POTENTIAL MECHANISMS UNDERLYING ITS DIRECT EFFECTS ON BETA-CELLS.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
15  4044  30 MACROPHAGES IN OXIDATIVE STRESS AND MODELS TO EVALUATE THE ANTIOXIDANT FUNCTION OF DIETARY NATURAL COMPOUNDS. ANTIOXIDANT TESTING OF NATURAL PRODUCTS HAS ATTRACTED INCREASING INTEREST IN RECENT YEARS, MAINLY DUE TO THE FACT THAT AN ANTIOXIDANT-RICH DIET MIGHT PROVIDE HEALTH BENEFITS. ACTIVATED MACROPHAGES ARE A MAJOR SOURCE OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES, REACTIVE NITROGEN SPECIES, AND PEROXYNITRITE GENERATED THROUGH THE SO-CALLED RESPIRATORY BURST. CONSTITUTIVELY RELEASED PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE, ESPECIALLY TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA, TRIGGERS NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPAB, AND ACTIVATOR PROTEIN-1 TRANSLOCATION LEADING TO THE OVER PRODUCTION OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES AND REACTIVE NITROGEN SPECIES IN MACROPHAGES. ACTIVATION OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS IN THE LONG-LIVED TISSUE-RESIDENT MACROPHAGES AND/OR MONOCYTE-DERIVED MACROPHAGES, TRIGGER EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS LEADING TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC DISEASES. NUTRACEUTICALS INCLUDING LIPID RAFT STRUCTURE DISRUPTION AGENT, CHOLESTEROL DEPLETION AGENT, FARNESYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITOR, NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPAB BLOCKER (ALPHA,BETA-UNSATURATED CARBONYL COMPOUNDS), GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR AGONIST, AND PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-GAMMA AGONIST HAVE LONG BEEN USED TO INACTIVE MACROPHAGE. THE INHIBITION EFFECTS ON THE FORMATION OF NITRIC OXIDE, SUPEROXIDE, AND NITRITE PEROXIDE MAY BE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY FUNCTIONALITIES. ACTIVATED MACROPHAGE MODELS COULD BE USED TO IDENTIFY THE ACTIVE COMPONENTS FOR FUNCTIONAL DIETS DEVELOPMENT THROUGH A MULTIPLE TARGETS STRATEGY.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
16  1413  32 DIETARY PHYTOCHEMICALS AND CANCER CHEMOPREVENTION: A PERSPECTIVE ON OXIDATIVE STRESS, INFLAMMATION, AND EPIGENETICS. OXIDATIVE STRESS OCCURS WHEN CELLULAR REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES LEVELS EXCEED THE SELF-ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY OF THE BODY. OXIDATIVE STRESS INDUCES MANY PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES, INCLUDING INFLAMMATION AND CANCER. CHRONIC INFLAMMATION IS BELIEVED TO BE STRONGLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE MAJOR STAGES OF CARCINOGENESIS. THE NUCLEAR FACTOR ERYTHROID 2-RELATED FACTOR 2 (NRF2) PATHWAY PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE IN REGULATING OXIDATIVE STRESS AND INFLAMMATION BY MANIPULATING KEY ANTIOXIDANT AND DETOXIFICATION ENZYME GENES VIA THE ANTIOXIDANT RESPONSE ELEMENT. MANY DIETARY PHYTOCHEMICALS WITH CANCER CHEMOPREVENTIVE PROPERTIES, SUCH AS POLYPHENOLS, ISOTHIOCYANATES, AND TRITERPENOIDS, EXERT ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY FUNCTIONS BY ACTIVATING THE NRF2 PATHWAY. FURTHERMORE, EPIGENETIC CHANGES, INCLUDING DNA METHYLATION, HISTONE POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS, AND MIRNA-MEDIATED POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL ALTERATIONS, ALSO LEAD TO VARIOUS CARCINOGENESIS PROCESSES BY SUPPRESSING CANCER REPRESSOR GENE TRANSCRIPTION. USING EPIGENETIC RESEARCH TOOLS, INCLUDING NEXT-GENERATION SEQUENCING TECHNOLOGIES, MANY DIETARY PHYTOCHEMICALS ARE SHOWN TO MODIFY AND REVERSE ABERRANT EPIGENETIC/EPIGENOME CHANGES, POTENTIALLY LEADING TO CANCER PREVENTION/TREATMENT. THUS, THE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF DIETARY PHYTOCHEMICALS ON CANCER DEVELOPMENT WARRANT FURTHER INVESTIGATION TO PROVIDE ADDITIONAL IMPETUS FOR CLINICAL TRANSLATIONAL STUDIES.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
17  5860  27 SULFORAPHANE PREVENTS ANGIOTENSIN II-INDUCED CARDIOMYOPATHY BY ACTIVATION OF NRF2 THROUGH EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION. NUCLEAR FACTOR ERYTHROID 2-RELATED FACTOR (NRF2) IS AN IMPORTANT REGULATOR OF CELLULAR ANTIOXIDANT DEFENCE. WE PREVIOUSLY SHOWED THAT SFN PREVENTED ANG II-INDUCED CARDIAC DAMAGE VIA ACTIVATION OF NRF2. HOWEVER, THE UNDERLYING MECHANISM OF SFN'S PERSISTENT CARDIAC PROTECTION REMAINS UNCLEAR. THIS STUDY AIMED TO EXPLORE THE POTENTIAL OF SFN IN ACTIVATING CARDIAC NRF2 THROUGH EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. WILD-TYPE MICE WERE INJECTED SUBCUTANEOUSLY WITH ANG II, WITH OR WITHOUT SFN. ADMINISTRATION OF CHRONIC ANG II-INDUCED CARDIAC INFLAMMATORY FACTOR EXPRESSION, OXIDATIVE DAMAGE, FIBROSIS AND CARDIAC REMODELLING AND DYSFUNCTION, ALL OF WHICH WERE EFFECTIVELY IMPROVED BY SFN TREATMENT, COUPLED WITH AN UP-REGULATION OF NRF2 AND DOWNSTREAM GENES. BISULFITE GENOME SEQUENCING AND CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION (CHIP) WERE PERFORMED TO DETECT THE METHYLATION LEVEL OF THE FIRST 15 CPGS AND HISTONE H3 ACETYLATION (AC-H3) STATUS IN THE NRF2 PROMOTER REGION, RESPECTIVELY. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT SFN REDUCED ANG II-INDUCED CPG HYPERMETHYLATION AND PROMOTED AC-H3 ACCUMULATION IN THE NRF2 PROMOTER REGION, ACCOMPANIED BY THE INHIBITION OF GLOBAL DNMT AND HDAC ACTIVITY, AND A DECREASED PROTEIN EXPRESSION OF KEY DNMT AND HDAC ENZYMES. TAKEN TOGETHER, SFN EXERTS ITS CARDIOPROTECTIVE EFFECT THROUGH EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OF NRF2, WHICH MAY PARTIALLY CONTRIBUTE TO LONG-TERM ACTIVATION OF CARDIAC NRF2.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
18  3212  27 HEALTH PROMOTING EFFECTS OF BRASSICA-DERIVED PHYTOCHEMICALS: FROM CHEMOPREVENTIVE AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES TO EPIGENETIC REGULATION. A HIGH INTAKE OF BRASSICA VEGETABLES MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH A DECREASED CHRONIC DISEASE RISK. HEALTH PROMOTING EFFECTS OF BRASSICACEAE HAVE BEEN PARTLY ATTRIBUTED TO GLUCOSINOLATES AND IN PARTICULAR TO THEIR HYDROLYZATION PRODUCTS INCLUDING ISOTHIOCYANATES. IN VITRO AND IN VIVO STUDIES SUGGEST A CHEMOPREVENTIVE ACTIVITY OF ISOTHIOCYANATES THROUGH THE REDOX-SENSITIVE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR NRF2. FURTHERMORE, STUDIES IN CULTURED CELLS, IN LABORATORY RODENTS, AND ALSO IN HUMANS SUPPORT AN ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT OF BRASSICA-DERIVED PHYTOCHEMICALS. HOWEVER, THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS OF HOW THESE COMPOUNDS MEDIATE THEIR HEALTH PROMOTING EFFECTS ARE YET NOT FULLY UNDERSTOOD. RECENT FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT BRASSICA-DERIVED COMPOUNDS ARE REGULATORS OF EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. IT HAS BEEN SHOWN THAT ISOTHIOCYANATES MAY INHIBIT HISTONE DEACETYLASE TRANSFERASES AND DNA-METHYLTRANSFERASES IN CULTURED CELLS. ONLY A FEW PAPERS HAVE DEALT WITH THE EFFECT OF BRASSICA-DERIVED COMPOUNDS ON EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN LABORATORY ANIMALS, WHEREAS DATA IN HUMANS ARE CURRENTLY LACKING. THE PRESENT REVIEW AIMS TO SUMMARIZE THE CURRENT KNOWLEDGE REGARDING THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF BRASSICA-DERIVED PHYTOCHEMICALS REGARDING CHEMOPREVENTIVE, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, AND EPIGENETIC PATHWAYS.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
19  6108  20 THE ENRICHED ENVIRONMENT AMELIORATES CHRONIC UNPREDICTABLE MILD STRESS-INDUCED DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT BY ACTIVATING THE SIRT1/MIR-134 SIGNALING PATHWAY IN HIPPOCAMPUS. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC UNPREDICTABLE MILD STRESS (CUMS) IS AN IMPORTANT RISK FACTOR FOR DEPRESSION AND COGNITIVE DEFICITS IN HUMANS. ENRICHED ENVIRONMENT (EE) SHOWED A BENEFICIAL EFFECT ON DEPRESSION AND COGNITION BY ENHANCING BRAIN DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) EXPRESSION AND SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY. HOWEVER, IT IS STILL NOT CLEARLY UNDERSTOOD WHETHER AN EPIGENETIC MECHANISM IS INVOLVED IN THE BDNF MODULATION AND SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY THAT OCCURS AFTER EE TREATMENT FOR THE DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS AND COGNITIVE DEFICITS ELICITED BY CUMS. IN THIS STUDY, WE INVESTIGATED THE POSSIBLE MECHANISM OF THE NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF EE. METHODS: ALL RATS WERE EXPOSED TO THE 5-WEEK CUMS PROCEDURE EXCEPT THE CONTROL GROUP. AFTER CUMS PROCEDURE, SOME RATS WERE STEREOTAXICALLY INJECTED WITH SIRT1 PHARMACOLOGIC INHIBITOR EX527 OR SIRT1 KNOCKING DOWN LENTIVIRUS (SH-SIRT1) IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS FOLLOWED BY EE TREATMENT FOR 3 WEEKS. OTHER RATS WERE DIRECTLY SUBJECTED TO EE TREATMENT WITHOUT STEREOTAXIC INJECTION. BEHAVIORAL TESTS WERE USED TO APPRAISE DEPRESSION AND COGNITION AFTER EE TREATMENT. THEN EPIGENETIC MOLECULES, SYNAPTIC PROTEINS, DENDRITIC SPINE DENSITY AND BRANCHES, AND SYNAPTIC MORPHOLOGY OF THE DORSAL HIPPOCAMPUS WERE DETERMINED. RESULTS: WE FOUND THAT CUMS INDUCED DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS INCLUDING DECREASED SUCROSE PREFERENCE RATIO, PROLONGED IMMOBILITY AND REDUCED LOCOMOTOR AND EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY; COGNITIVE DEFICITS INCLUDING SPATIAL LEARNING AND MEMORY IMPAIRMENT; REDUCED DENDRITIC SPINE DENSITY AND NUMBER OF BRANCHES; THINNED POSTSYNAPTIC DENSITY; DOWNREGULATED SIRT1/MICRORNA-134 PATHWAY, DECREASED BDNF AND SYNAPTIC PROTEINS INCLUDING SYNAPTOPHYSIN (SYN) AND POSTSYNAPTIC DENSITY PROTEIN 95 (PSD95) EXPRESSION IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS. HOWEVER, THE CUMS-INDUCED DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS, COGNITIVE DEFICITS, DENDRITIC SPINE DENSITY AND BRANCH NUMBER REDUCTION, POSTSYNAPTIC DENSITY THINNING, SIRT1/MICRORNA-134 PATHWAY DOWNREGULATION, BDNF AND SYNAPTIC PROTEINS REDUCTION, INCLUDING SYNAPTOPHYSIN (SYN) AND POSTSYNAPTIC DENSITY PROTEIN 95 (PSD95), WERE REVERSED BY EE TREATMENT. HOWEVER, DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS AND COGNITIVE DEFICITS WERE OBSERVED AGAIN IN RATS SUBJECTED TO STEREOTAXIC INJECTION WITH EX527 OR SH-SIRT1. FURTHERMORE, THIS STUDY ALSO FOUND THAT SIRT1/MICRORNA-134 REGULATES THE DOWNSTREAM MOLECULES BDNF, AND THE SYNAPTIC PROTEINS SYN AND PSD95 IN PRIMARY CULTURED HIPPOCAMPAL NEURONS. CONCLUSIONS: THIS STUDY PROVIDES EVIDENCE FOR THE NEUROPROTECTIVE ROLE OF EE ON DEPRESSION AND COGNITIVE DEFICITS BY ACTIVATING THE SIRT1/MICRORNA-134 PATHWAY, WHICH ACCOUNTS FOR THE REGULATION OF SYNAPTIC PROTEINS, INCLUDING BDNF, PSD95 AND SYN, DENDRITIC REMODELING AND ULTRASTRUCTURE CHANGES OF SYNAPSES IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS.	2019	

20  5165  25 PRECLINICAL RESERPINE MODELS RECAPITULATING MOTOR AND NON-MOTOR FEATURES OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE: ROLES OF EPIGENETIC UPREGULATION OF ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN AND AUTOPHAGY IMPAIRMENT. RESERPINE IS AN EFFECTIVE DRUG FOR THE CLINICAL TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION. IT ALSO INDUCES PARKINSON'S DISEASE (PD)-LIKE SYMPTOMS IN HUMANS AND ANIMALS POSSIBLE THROUGH THE INHIBITION OF MONOAMINE VESICULAR TRANSPORTERS, THUS DECREASING THE LEVELS OF MONOAMINE NEUROTRANSMITTERS IN THE BRAIN. HOWEVER, THE PRECISE MECHANISMS REMAIN UNCLEAR. HEREIN, WE AIMED TO DEVELOP A PRECLINICAL RESERPINE MODEL RECAPITULATING THE NON-MOTOR AND MOTOR SYMPTOMS OF PD AND INVESTIGATE THE UNDERLYING POTENTIAL CELLULAR MECHANISMS. INCUBATION OF RESERPINE INDUCED APOPTOSIS, LED TO THE ACCUMULATION OF INTRACELLULAR REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES (ROS), LOWERED DNA METHYLATION OF ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN GENE, RESULTED IN ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN PROTEIN DEPOSITION, AND ELEVATED THE RATIO OF LC3-II/LC3-I AND P62 IN CULTURED SH-SY5Y CELLS. FEEDING RESERPINE DOSE-DEPENDENTLY SHORTENED THE LIFESPAN AND CAUSED IMPAIRMENT OF MOTOR FUNCTIONS IN MALE AND FEMALE DROSOPHILA. MOREOVER, LONG-TERM ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF RESERPINE LED TO MULTIPLE MOTOR AND NON-MOTOR SYMPTOMS, INCLUDING CONSTIPATION, PAIN HYPERSENSITIVITY, OLFACTORY IMPAIRMENT, AND DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS IN MICE. THE MECHANISTIC STUDIES SHOWED THAT CHRONIC RESERPINE EXPOSURE CAUSED HYPOMETHYLATION OF THE ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN GENE AND UP-REGULATED ITS EXPRESSION AND ELEVATED THE RATIO OF LC3-II/LC3-I AND EXPRESSION OF P62 IN THE SUBSTANTIA NIGRA OF MICE. THUS, WE ESTABLISHED PRECLINICAL ANIMAL MODELS USING RESERPINE TO RECAPITULATE THE MOTOR AND NON-MOTOR SYMPTOMS OF PD. CHRONIC RESERPINE EXPOSURE EPIGENETICALLY ELEVATED THE LEVELS OF ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN EXPRESSION POSSIBLE BY LOWERING THE DNA METHYLATION STATUS AND INDUCING AUTOPHAGIC IMPAIRMENT IN VITRO AND IN VIVO.	2022