1  6290 145 THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF NUTRITIONAL GENOMICS TOOLS IN VALIDATING HIGH HEALTH FOODS FOR CANCER CONTROL: BROCCOLI AS EXAMPLE. NUTRITIONAL GENOMICS REFLECTS GENE/NUTRIENT INTERACTIONS, UTILISING HIGH-THROUGHPUT GENOMIC TOOLS IN NUTRITION RESEARCH. THE FIELD ALSO CONSIDERS THE CONTRIBUTION OF INDIVIDUAL GENOTYPES TO WELLNESS AND THE RISK OF CHRONIC DISEASE (NUTRIGENETICS), AND HOW SUCH GENETIC PREDISPOSITION MAY BE MODIFIED BY APPROPRIATE DIETS. FOR EXAMPLE, HIGH CONSUMPTION OF BRASSICACEOUS VEGETABLES, INCLUDING BROCCOLI, HAS REGULARLY ASSOCIATED WITH LOW CANCER RISK. BIOACTIVE CHEMICALS IN BROCCOLI INCLUDE GLUCOSINOLATES, PLANT PIGMENTS INCLUDING KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN, LUTEIN AND CAROTENOIDS, VARIOUS VITAMINS, MINERALS AND AMINO ACIDS. CANCER PREVENTION IS HYPOTHESISED TO ACT THROUGH VARIOUS MECHANISMS INCLUDING MODULATION OF XENOBIOTIC METABOLISING ENZYMES, NF-E2 P45-RELATED FACTOR-2 (NRF2)-MEDIATED STRESS-RESPONSE MECHANISMS, AND PROTECTION AGAINST GENOMIC INSTABILITY. BROCCOLI AND BROCCOLI EXTRACTS ALSO REGULATE THE PROGRESSION OF CANCER THROUGH ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS, EFFECTS ON SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION, EPIGENETIC EFFECTS AND MODULATION OF THE COLONIC MICROFLORA. HUMAN INTERVENTION STUDIES WITH BROCCOLI AND RELATED FOODS, USING STANDARD BIOMARKER METHODOLOGIES, REVEAL PART OF A COMPLEX PICTURE. NUTRIGENOMIC APPROACHES, ESPECIALLY TRANSCRIPTOMICS, ENABLE SIMULTANEOUS STUDY OF VARIOUS SIGNALLING PATHWAYS AND NETWORKS. PHENOTYPIC, GENETIC AND/OR METABOLIC STRATIFICATION MAY IDENTIFY INDIVIDUALS MOST LIKELY TO RESPOND POSITIVELY TO FOODS OR DIETS. JOINTLY, THESE TECHNOLOGIES CAN PROVIDE PROOF OF HUMAN EFFICACY, AND MAY BE ESSENTIAL TO ENSURE EFFECTIVE MARKET TRANSFER AND UPTAKE OF BROCCOLI AND RELATED FOODS.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
2  1406  33 DIETARY HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS: FROM CELLS TO MICE TO MAN. SULFORAPHANE (SFN) IS AN ISOTHIOCYANATE FOUND IN CRUCIFEROUS VEGETABLES, SUCH AS BROCCOLI AND BROCCOLI SPROUTS. THIS ANTICARCINOGEN WAS FIRST IDENTIFIED AS A POTENT INDUCER OF PHASE 2 DETOXIFICATION ENZYMES, BUT EVIDENCE IS MOUNTING THAT SFN ALSO ACTS THROUGH EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. SFN HAS BEEN SHOWN TO INHIBIT HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC) ACTIVITY IN HUMAN COLON AND PROSTATE CANCER LINES, WITH AN INCREASE IN GLOBAL AND LOCAL HISTONE ACETYLATION STATUS, SUCH AS ON THE PROMOTER REGIONS OF P21 AND BAX GENES. SFN ALSO INHIBITED THE GROWTH OF PROSTATE CANCER XENOGRAFTS AND SPONTANEOUS INTESTINAL POLYPS IN MOUSE MODELS, WITH EVIDENCE FOR ALTERED HISTONE ACETYLATION AND HDAC ACTIVITIES IN VIVO. IN HUMAN SUBJECTS, A SINGLE INGESTION OF 68 G BROCCOLI SPROUTS INHIBITED HDAC ACTIVITY IN CIRCULATING PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS 3-6 H AFTER CONSUMPTION, WITH CONCOMITANT INDUCTION OF HISTONE H3 AND H4 ACETYLATION. THESE FINDINGS PROVIDE EVIDENCE THAT ONE MECHANISM OF CANCER CHEMOPREVENTION BY SFN IS VIA EPIGENETIC CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH INHIBITION OF HDAC ACTIVITY. OTHER DIETARY AGENTS SUCH AS BUTYRATE, BIOTIN, LIPOIC ACID, GARLIC ORGANOSULFUR COMPOUNDS, AND METABOLITES OF VITAMIN E HAVE STRUCTURAL FEATURES COMPATIBLE WITH HDAC INHIBITION. THE ABILITY OF DIETARY COMPOUNDS TO DE-REPRESS EPIGENETICALLY SILENCED GENES IN CANCER CELLS, AND TO ACTIVATE THESE GENES IN NORMAL CELLS, HAS IMPORTANT IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY. IN A BROADER CONTEXT, THERE IS GROWING INTEREST IN DIETARY HDAC INHIBITORS AND THEIR IMPACT ON EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS AFFECTING OTHER CHRONIC CONDITIONS, SUCH AS CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, NEURODEGENERATION AND AGING.	2007	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
3   688  36 BRASSICA-DERIVED PLANT BIOACTIVES AS MODULATORS OF CHEMOPREVENTIVE AND INFLAMMATORY SIGNALING PATHWAYS. A HIGH CONSUMPTION OF VEGETABLES BELONGING TO THE BRASSICACEAE FAMILY HAS BEEN RELATED TO A LOWER INCIDENCE OF CHRONIC DISEASES INCLUDING DIFFERENT KINDS OF CANCER. THESE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF, E.G., BROCCOLI, CABBAGE OR ROCKET (ARUGULA) INTAKE HAVE BEEN MAINLY DEDICATED TO THE SULFUR-CONTAINING GLUCOSINOLATES (GLSS)-SECONDARY PLANT COMPOUNDS NEARLY EXCLUSIVELY PRESENT IN BRASSICACEAE-AND IN PARTICULAR TO THEIR BIOACTIVE BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS INCLUDING ISOTHIOCYANATES (ITCS). OVERALL, THE CURRENT LITERATURE INDICATE THAT SELECTED BRASSICA-DERIVED ITCS EXHIBIT HEALTH-PROMOTING EFFECTS IN VITRO, AS WELL AS IN LABORATORY MICE IN VIVO. SOME STUDIES SUGGEST ANTI-CARCINOGENIC AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES FOR ITCS WHICH MAY BE COMMUNICATED THROUGH AN ACTIVATION OF THE REDOX-SENSITIVE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR NUCLEAR FACTOR ERYTHROID 2-RELATED FACTOR 2 (NRF2) THAT CONTROLS THE EXPRESSION OF ANTIOXIDANT AND PHASE II ENZYMES. FURTHERMORE, IT HAS BEEN SHOWN THAT ITCS ARE ABLE TO SIGNIFICANTLY AMELIORATE A SEVERE INFLAMMATORY PHENOTYPE IN COLITIC MICE IN VIVO. AS THERE ARE STUDIES AVAILABLE SUGGESTING AN EPIGENETIC MODE OF ACTION FOR BRASSICA-DERIVED PHYTOCHEMICALS, THE CONDUCTION OF FURTHER STUDIES WOULD BE RECOMMENDABLE TO INVESTIGATE IF THE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF THESE COMPOUNDS ALSO PERSIST DURING AN IRREGULAR CONSUMPTION PATTERN.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
4  3212  33 HEALTH PROMOTING EFFECTS OF BRASSICA-DERIVED PHYTOCHEMICALS: FROM CHEMOPREVENTIVE AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES TO EPIGENETIC REGULATION. A HIGH INTAKE OF BRASSICA VEGETABLES MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH A DECREASED CHRONIC DISEASE RISK. HEALTH PROMOTING EFFECTS OF BRASSICACEAE HAVE BEEN PARTLY ATTRIBUTED TO GLUCOSINOLATES AND IN PARTICULAR TO THEIR HYDROLYZATION PRODUCTS INCLUDING ISOTHIOCYANATES. IN VITRO AND IN VIVO STUDIES SUGGEST A CHEMOPREVENTIVE ACTIVITY OF ISOTHIOCYANATES THROUGH THE REDOX-SENSITIVE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR NRF2. FURTHERMORE, STUDIES IN CULTURED CELLS, IN LABORATORY RODENTS, AND ALSO IN HUMANS SUPPORT AN ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT OF BRASSICA-DERIVED PHYTOCHEMICALS. HOWEVER, THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS OF HOW THESE COMPOUNDS MEDIATE THEIR HEALTH PROMOTING EFFECTS ARE YET NOT FULLY UNDERSTOOD. RECENT FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT BRASSICA-DERIVED COMPOUNDS ARE REGULATORS OF EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. IT HAS BEEN SHOWN THAT ISOTHIOCYANATES MAY INHIBIT HISTONE DEACETYLASE TRANSFERASES AND DNA-METHYLTRANSFERASES IN CULTURED CELLS. ONLY A FEW PAPERS HAVE DEALT WITH THE EFFECT OF BRASSICA-DERIVED COMPOUNDS ON EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN LABORATORY ANIMALS, WHEREAS DATA IN HUMANS ARE CURRENTLY LACKING. THE PRESENT REVIEW AIMS TO SUMMARIZE THE CURRENT KNOWLEDGE REGARDING THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF BRASSICA-DERIVED PHYTOCHEMICALS REGARDING CHEMOPREVENTIVE, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, AND EPIGENETIC PATHWAYS.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
5  4936  33 PATERNAL COMBINED BOTANICALS CONTRIBUTE TO THE PREVENTION OF ESTROGEN RECEPTOR-NEGATIVE MAMMARY CANCER IN TRANSGENIC MICE. BACKGROUND: PARENTAL NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTIONS HAVE CONSIDERABLY AFFECTED GAMETOGENESIS AND EMBRYOGENESIS, LEADING TO THE DIFFERENTIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF OFFSPRING TO CHRONIC DISEASES SUCH AS CANCER. MOREOVER, COMBINATORIAL BIOACTIVE DIETS ARE MORE EFFICACIOUS IN AMELIORATING EPIGENETIC ABERRATIONS IN TUMORIGENESIS. OBJECTIVES: WE SOUGHT TO INVESTIGATE THE TRANSGENERATIONAL INFLUENCE AND EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF PATERNAL SULFORAPHANE (SFN)-RICH BROCCOLI SPROUTS (BSP) AND EPIGALLOCATECHIN-3-GALLATE (EGCG)-RICH GREEN TEA POLYPHENOLS (GTPS) CONSUMPTION IN THE PREVENTION OF ESTROGEN RECEPTOR-NEGATIVE [ER(-)] MAMMARY CANCER IN TRANSGENIC MICE. METHODS: HUMAN BREAST CANCER CELLS WERE USED TO DETECT CELL VIABILITY AND EPIGENETIC-RELATED GENE EXPRESSION AFTER TREATMENT WITH EGCG AND/OR SFN. TWENTY-FOUR C3 OR HER2/NEU MALES WERE RANDOMLY ASSIGNED INTO 4 GROUPS AND TREATED WITH CONTROL, 26% BSP (W/W) IN FOOD, 0.5% GTPS (W/V) IN DRINKING WATER OR COMBINED BSP AND GTPS FOR 7 WK BEFORE MATING. TUMOR GROWTH OF NONTREATED FEMALE PUPS WAS MONITORED WEEKLY FOR 19 WK (C3) AND 25 WK (HER2/NEU). TUMOR- AND EPIGENETIC-RELATED PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN MAMMARY TUMORS WERE MEASURED. SPERMS WERE ISOLATED FROM TREATED MALES FOR RNA SEQUENCING AND REDUCED-REPRESENTATION BISULFITE SEQUENCING ANALYSIS. DATA WERE ANALYZED WITH A 2-FACTOR OR 3-FACTOR ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE. RESULTS: EGCG AND SFN INHIBITED BREAST CANCER CELL GROWTH VIA EPIGENETIC REGULATION. COMBINED BSP AND GTPS SYNERGISTICALLY (COMBINATION INDEX < 1) SUPPRESSED TUMOR GROWTH OVER TIME (P < 0.001) IN 2 MOUSE MODELS. KEY TUMOR-RELATED PROTEINS WERE FOUND DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED (P < 0.05) ALONG WITH EPIGENETIC REGULATIONS IN OFFSPRING MAMMARY TUMORS. THE TRANSCRIPTOME PROFILE OF SPERM DERIVED FROM DIETARY-TREATED MALES REVEALED DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES CORRELATED WITH SPERMATOGENESIS AND BREAST CANCER PROGRESSION. DNA METHYLOMES OF THE SPERM AND FURTHER INTEGRATED ANALYSIS WITH TRANSCRIPTOMES INDICATE THAT DNA METHYLATION ALONE MAY NOT CONTRIBUTE TO SUFFICIENT REGULATION IN DIETARY-TREATED SPERM PRONUCLEUS, LEADING TO OFFSPRING TUMOR SUPPRESSION. CONCLUSIONS: COLLECTIVELY, PATERNAL CONSUMPTION OF COMBINED BSP AND GTPS SHOWS POTENTIAL FOR PREVENTING ER(-) MAMMARY CANCER THROUGH TRANSGENERATIONAL EFFECTS. J NUTR 2023;XX:XX-XX.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
6  5858  26 SULFORAPHANE AND EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE RESTORE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR EXPRESSION BY MODULATING EPIGENETIC EVENTS IN THE BREAST CANCER CELL LINE MDA-MB-231: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. BACKGROUND/AIMS: EPIGENETICS REFERS TO MODIFICATIONS IN GENE ACTIVITY AND EXPRESSION WITHOUT ALTERATION AT THE DNA SEQUENCE. ENVIRONMENT AND DIET COULD INFLUENCE GENE EXPRESSION. DIET MODIFICATIONS MAY BE MEANINGFUL IN PREVENTING AND TREATING CHRONIC DISEASES, CANCER INCLUDED. DIETARY BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS, SUCH AS POLYPHENOLS (E.G., CURCUMIN, RESVERATROL, OR EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE [EGCG]) OR ISOTHIOCYANATE (E.G., SULFORAPHANE [SFN]), CAN REGULATE HISTONE ACETYLATION. THE AIM OF THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS WAS TO EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF SFN AND EGCG ON BREAST CANCER (BC) CELLS CULTURED IN VITRO. METHODS: DUE TO THE ENORMOUS VARIABILITY OBSERVED IN STUDY PROTOCOLS AND THE INNUMERABLE GENES INVOLVED, ONLY STUDIES ANALYZING THE NUMBER OF APOPTOTIC CELLS IN THE MDA-MB-231 CELL LINE WERE EVALUATED. THE EFFECT SIZE (ES) WAS COMPUTED AS THE RATIO OF MEANS. RESULTS: WE IDENTIFIED 7 STUDIES, 4 REGARDING THE EFFECT OF 10 MICROM SFN ON MDA-MB-231 CELLS (ES = 4.59, 95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL 4.05-5.20) AND 3 FOCUSING ON THE IMPACT OF 20 MICROM EGCG (ES = 2.84, 95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL 2.60-3.10). CONCLUSION: THE FINDINGS SUGGEST BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF DIETARY BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS SUCH AS SFN AND EGCG AND THEIR EFFECT ON BC CELLS BY RESTORING ESTROGEN RECEPTOR GENE EXPRESSION, MODULATING EPIGENETIC CHANGES AND EVENTS, AND INTERFERING WITH TUMOR GROWTH RATE. PUBLICATION BIAS LIMITS THE GENERALIZABILITY OF THE CONCLUSIONS. HIGH-QUALITY STUDIES ARE NEEDED.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
7  6362  33 THE ROLE OF ISOTHIOCYANATES AS CANCER CHEMO-PREVENTIVE, CHEMO-THERAPEUTIC AND ANTI-MELANOMA AGENTS. MANY STUDIES HAVE SHOWN EVIDENCE IN SUPPORT OF THE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF PHYTOCHEMICALS IN PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASES, INCLUDING CANCER. AMONG SUCH PHYTOCHEMICALS, SULPHUR-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS (E.G., ISOTHIOCYANATES (ITCS)) HAVE RAISED SCIENTIFIC INTEREST BY EXERTING UNIQUE CHEMO-PREVENTIVE PROPERTIES AGAINST CANCER PATHOGENESIS. ITCS ARE THE MAJOR BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS CAPABLE OF MEDIATING THE ANTICANCER EFFECT OF CRUCIFEROUS VEGETABLES. RECENTLY, MANY STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT A HIGHER INTAKE OF CRUCIFEROUS VEGETABLES IS ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCED RISK OF DEVELOPING VARIOUS FORMS OF CANCERS PRIMARILY DUE TO A PLURALITY OF EFFECTS, INCLUDING (I) METABOLIC ACTIVATION AND DETOXIFICATION, (II) INFLAMMATION, (III) ANGIOGENESIS, (IV) METASTASIS AND (V) REGULATION OF THE EPIGENETIC MACHINERY. IN THE CONTEXT OF HUMAN MALIGNANT MELANOMA, A NUMBER OF STUDIES SUGGEST THAT ITCS CAN CAUSE CELL CYCLE GROWTH ARREST AND ALSO INDUCE APOPTOSIS IN HUMAN MALIGNANT MELANOMA CELLS. ON SUCH BASIS, ITCS COULD SERVE AS PROMISING CHEMO-THERAPEUTIC AGENTS THAT COULD BE USED IN THE CLINICAL SETTING TO POTENTIATE THE EFFICACY OF EXISTING THERAPIES.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
8  4147  40 MECHANISMS UNDERLYING BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CRUCIFEROUS GLUCOSINOLATE-DERIVED ISOTHIOCYANATES/INDOLES: A FOCUS ON METABOLIC SYNDROME. AN INVERSE CORRELATION BETWEEN VEGETABLE CONSUMPTION AND THE INCIDENCE OF CANCER HAS LONG BEEN DESCRIBED. THIS PROTECTIVE EFFECT IS STRONGER WHEN CRUCIFEROUS VEGETABLES ARE SPECIFICALLY CONSUMED. THE BENEFICIAL PROPERTIES OF VEGETABLES ARE ATTRIBUTED TO THEIR BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS LIKE FIBER, ANTIOXIDANTS VITAMINS, ANTIOXIDANTS, MINERALS, AND PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS. CRUCIFEROUS VEGETABLES CONTAIN ALL THESE MOLECULES; HOWEVER, WHAT MAKES THEM DIFFERENT ARE THEIR SULFUROUS COMPONENTS, CALLED GLUCOSINOLATES, RESPONSIBLE FOR THEIR SPECIAL SMELL AND TASTE. GLUCOSINOLATES ARE INACTIVE BIOLOGICALLY IN THE ORGANISM BUT ARE HYDROLYZED BY THE ENZYME MYROSINASE RELEASED AS A RESULT OF CHEWING, LEADING TO THE FORMATION OF ACTIVE DERIVATIVES SUCH AS ISOTHIOCYANATES AND INDOLES. A CONSIDERABLE NUMBER OF IN VITRO AND IN VIVO STUDIES HAVE REPORTED THAT ISOTHIOCYANATES AND INDOLES ELICIT CHEMOPREVENTIVE POTENCY THROUGH MULTIPLE MECHANISMS THAT INCLUDE MODULATION OF PHASES I AND II DETOXIFICATION PATHWAY ENZYMES, REGULATION OF CELL CYCLE ARREST, AND CONTROL OF CELL GROWTH, INDUCTION OF APOPTOSIS, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, ANTI-ANGIOGENIC EFFECTS, AND EPIGENETIC REGULATION. NUCLEAR ERYTHROID 2-RELATED FACTOR 2 (NRF2) AND NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPAB (NF-KAPPAB) ARE KEY AND CENTRAL REGULATORS IN ALL THESE PROCESSES WITH A MAIN ROLE IN OXIDATIVE STRESS AND INFLAMMATION CONTROL. IT HAS BEEN DESCRIBED THAT ISOTHIOCYANATES AND INDOLES REGULATE THEIR ACTIVITY DIRECTLY AND INDIRECTLY. TODAY, THE METABOLIC SYNDROME (CENTRAL OBESITY, INSULIN RESISTANCE, HYPERLIPIDEMIA, AND HYPERTENSION) IS RESPONSIBLE FOR A MAJORITY OF DEATHS WORLDWIDE. ALL COMPONENTS OF METABOLIC SYNDROME ARE CHARACTERIZED BY CHRONIC INFLAMMATION WITH DEREGULATION OF THE PI3K/AKT/MTOR, MAPK/EKR/JNK, NRF2, AND NF-KAPPAB SIGNALING PATHWAYS. THE EFFECTS OF GLSS DERIVATIVES CONTROLLING THESE PATHWAYS HAVE BEEN WIDELY DESCRIBED IN RELATION TO CANCER. CHANGES IN FOOD CONSUMPTION PATTERNS OBSERVED IN THE LAST DECADES TO HIGHER CONSUMPTION OF ULTRA-PROCESSED FOODS, WITH ELEVATION IN SIMPLE SUGAR AND SATURATED FAT CONTENTS AND LOWER CONSUMPTION OF VEGETABLES AND FRUITS HAVE BEEN DIRECTLY CORRELATED WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME PREVALENCE. IN THIS REVIEW, IT IS SUMMARIZED THE KNOWLEDGE REGARDING THE MECHANISMS BY WHICH CRUCIFEROUS GLUCOSINOLATE DERIVATIVES (ISOTHIOCYANATES AND INDOLES) DIRECTLY AND INDIRECTLY REGULATE THESE PATHWAYS. HOWEVER, THE REVIEW PLACES A SPECIAL FOCUS ON THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE EFFECTS OF GLUCOSINOLATES DERIVATIVES IN METABOLIC SYNDROME, SINCE THIS HAS NOT BEEN REVIEWED BEFORE.	2020	

9  5860  23 SULFORAPHANE PREVENTS ANGIOTENSIN II-INDUCED CARDIOMYOPATHY BY ACTIVATION OF NRF2 THROUGH EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION. NUCLEAR FACTOR ERYTHROID 2-RELATED FACTOR (NRF2) IS AN IMPORTANT REGULATOR OF CELLULAR ANTIOXIDANT DEFENCE. WE PREVIOUSLY SHOWED THAT SFN PREVENTED ANG II-INDUCED CARDIAC DAMAGE VIA ACTIVATION OF NRF2. HOWEVER, THE UNDERLYING MECHANISM OF SFN'S PERSISTENT CARDIAC PROTECTION REMAINS UNCLEAR. THIS STUDY AIMED TO EXPLORE THE POTENTIAL OF SFN IN ACTIVATING CARDIAC NRF2 THROUGH EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. WILD-TYPE MICE WERE INJECTED SUBCUTANEOUSLY WITH ANG II, WITH OR WITHOUT SFN. ADMINISTRATION OF CHRONIC ANG II-INDUCED CARDIAC INFLAMMATORY FACTOR EXPRESSION, OXIDATIVE DAMAGE, FIBROSIS AND CARDIAC REMODELLING AND DYSFUNCTION, ALL OF WHICH WERE EFFECTIVELY IMPROVED BY SFN TREATMENT, COUPLED WITH AN UP-REGULATION OF NRF2 AND DOWNSTREAM GENES. BISULFITE GENOME SEQUENCING AND CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION (CHIP) WERE PERFORMED TO DETECT THE METHYLATION LEVEL OF THE FIRST 15 CPGS AND HISTONE H3 ACETYLATION (AC-H3) STATUS IN THE NRF2 PROMOTER REGION, RESPECTIVELY. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT SFN REDUCED ANG II-INDUCED CPG HYPERMETHYLATION AND PROMOTED AC-H3 ACCUMULATION IN THE NRF2 PROMOTER REGION, ACCOMPANIED BY THE INHIBITION OF GLOBAL DNMT AND HDAC ACTIVITY, AND A DECREASED PROTEIN EXPRESSION OF KEY DNMT AND HDAC ENZYMES. TAKEN TOGETHER, SFN EXERTS ITS CARDIOPROTECTIVE EFFECT THROUGH EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OF NRF2, WHICH MAY PARTIALLY CONTRIBUTE TO LONG-TERM ACTIVATION OF CARDIAC NRF2.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
10   616  34 BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN OXIDATIVE STRESS-MEDIATED DISEASES: TARGETING THE NRF2/ARE SIGNALING PATHWAY AND EPIGENETIC REGULATION. OXIDATIVE STRESS IS A PATHOLOGICAL CONDITION OCCURRING DUE TO AN IMBALANCE BETWEEN THE OXIDANTS AND ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE SYSTEMS IN THE BODY. NUCLEAR FACTOR E2-RELATED FACTOR 2 (NRF2), ENCODED BY THE GENE NFE2L2, IS THE MASTER REGULATOR OF PHASE II ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES THAT PROTECT AGAINST OXIDATIVE STRESS AND INFLAMMATION. NRF2/ARE SIGNALING HAS BEEN CONSIDERED AS A PROMISING TARGET AGAINST OXIDATIVE STRESS-MEDIATED DISEASES LIKE DIABETES, FIBROSIS, NEUROTOXICITY, AND CANCER. THE CONSUMPTION OF DIETARY PHYTOCHEMICALS ACTS AS AN EFFECTIVE MODULATOR OF NRF2/ARE IN VARIOUS ACUTE AND CHRONIC DISEASES. IN THE PRESENT REVIEW, WE DISCUSSED THE ROLE OF NRF2 IN DIABETES, ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD), PARKINSON'S DISEASE (PD), CANCER, AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS. ADDITIONALLY, WE DISCUSSED THE PHYTOCHEMICALS LIKE CURCUMIN, QUERCETIN, RESVERATROL, EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE, APIGENIN, SULFORAPHANE, AND URSOLIC ACID THAT HAVE EFFECTIVELY MODIFIED NRF2 SIGNALING AND PREVENTED VARIOUS DISEASES IN BOTH IN VITRO AND IN VIVO MODELS. BASED ON THE LITERATURE, IT IS CLEAR THAT DIETARY PHYTOCHEMICALS CAN PREVENT DISEASES BY (1) BLOCKING OXIDATIVE STRESS-INHIBITING INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS THROUGH INHIBITING KEAP1 OR ACTIVATING NRF2 EXPRESSION AND ITS DOWNSTREAM TARGETS IN THE NUCLEUS, INCLUDING HO-1, SOD, AND CAT; (2) REGULATING NRF2 SIGNALING BY VARIOUS KINASES LIKE GSK3BETA, PI3/AKT, AND MAPK; AND (3) MODIFYING EPIGENETIC MODULATION, SUCH AS METHYLATION, AT THE NRF2 PROMOTER REGION; HOWEVER, FURTHER INVESTIGATION INTO OTHER UPSTREAM SIGNALING MOLECULES LIKE NRF2 AND THE EFFECT OF PHYTOCHEMICALS ON THEM STILL NEED TO BE INVESTIGATED IN THE NEAR FUTURE.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
11  1945  23 EPIGALLOCATECHIN-3-GALLATE, A HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITOR, INHIBITS EBV-INDUCED B LYMPHOCYTE TRANSFORMATION VIA SUPPRESSION OF RELA ACETYLATION. BECAUSE THE P300/CBP-MEDIATED HYPERACETYLATION OF RELA (P65) IS CRITICAL FOR NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPAB (NF-KAPPAB) ACTIVATION, THE ATTENUATION OF P65 ACETYLATION IS A POTENTIAL MOLECULAR TARGET FOR THE PREVENTION OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATION. DURING OUR ONGOING SCREENING STUDY TO IDENTIFY NATURAL COMPOUNDS WITH HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITOR (HATI) ACTIVITY, WE IDENTIFIED EPIGALLOCATECHIN-3-GALLATE (EGCG) AS A NOVEL HATI WITH GLOBAL SPECIFICITY FOR THE MAJORITY OF HAT ENZYMES BUT WITH NO ACTIVITY TOWARD EPIGENETIC ENZYMES INCLUDING HDAC, SIRT1, AND HMTASE. AT A DOSE OF 100 MICROMOL/L, EGCG ABROGATES P300-INDUCED P65 ACETYLATION IN VITRO AND IN VIVO, INCREASES THE LEVEL OF CYTOSOLIC IKAPPABALPHA, AND SUPPRESSES TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA (TNFALPHA)-INDUCED NF-KAPPAB ACTIVATION. WE ALSO SHOWED THAT EGCG PREVENTS TNFALPHA-INDUCED P65 TRANSLOCATION TO THE NUCLEUS, CONFIRMING THAT HYPERACETYLATION IS CRITICAL FOR NF-KAPPAB TRANSLOCATION AS WELL AS ACTIVITY. FURTHERMORE, EGCG TREATMENT INHIBITED THE ACETYLATION OF P65 AND THE EXPRESSION OF NF-KAPPAB TARGET GENES IN RESPONSE TO DIVERSE STIMULI. FINALLY, EGCG REDUCED THE BINDING OF P300 TO THE PROMOTER REGION OF INTERLEUKIN-6 GENE WITH AN INCREASED RECRUITMENT OF HDAC3, WHICH HIGHLIGHTS THE IMPORTANCE OF THE BALANCE BETWEEN HATS AND HISTONE DEACETYLASES IN THE NF-KAPPAB-MEDIATED INFLAMMATORY SIGNALING PATHWAY. IMPORTANTLY, EGCG AT 50 MICROMOL/L DOSE COMPLETELY BLOCKS EBV INFECTION-INDUCED CYTOKINE EXPRESSION AND SUBSEQUENTLY THE EBV-INDUCED B LYMPHOCYTE TRANSFORMATION. THESE RESULTS SHOW THE CRUCIAL ROLE OF ACETYLATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFLAMMATORY-RELATED DISEASES.	2009	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
12  4792  41 NUTRITIONAL EPIGENETICS AND PHYTOCHEMICALS IN CANCER FORMATION. NUTRIGENETICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS ARE TWO CONCEPTS IN THE AREA OF NUTRITIONAL GENOMICS. EPIGENETICS IS A NEW DISCIPLINE WITH SIGNIFICANT POTENTIAL IN THE PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF CERTAIN CARCINOMAS AND DISEASES. EPIGENETICS CONSISTS OF DNA METHYLATION, HISTONE MODIFICATION, NON-CODING RNAS, AND TELOMERASE ACTIVITY. EPIGENETIC-BASED MECHANISMS ACT ON THE INHIBITION OF CANCER CELLS BY MODULATING ENZYMES SUCH AS DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE AND HISTONE DEACETYLASE, AS WELL AS NON-CODING RNAS. PHYTOCHEMICALS ARE NATURAL BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS OF PLANT ORIGIN THAT HAVE ANTIOXIDANT, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, AND ANTI-ANGIOGENIC EFFECTS ON VARIOUS DISEASES, ESPECIALLY CANCER. THE EPIGENETIC DIET IS A NUTRITIONAL MODEL BASED ON THE CONSUMPTION OF VARIOUS PHYTOCHEMICALS SUCH AS EPIGALLOCATECHIN-3-GALLATE, MORIN, CAFFEIC ACID PHENYL ESTER, APIGENIN, GENISTEIN, CURCUMIN, RESVERATROL, AND SULFORAPHANE. PHYTOCHEMICALS EXERT THEIR EFFECTS ON CANCER-BASED BY REDUCING CELL PROLIFERATION, INVASION, AND METASTASIS AND INCREASING CELL APOPTOSIS. SIMULTANEOUSLY, IT HAS FUNCTIONS SUCH AS REDUCING ONCOGENES THAT HAVE EFFECTS ON CANCER ETIOLOGY AND INCREASING TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES.KEY TEACHING POINTSCANCER IS A CHRONIC DISEASE WITH A HIGH MORTALITY RATE, IN WHICH VARIOUS GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ARE INVOLVED IN ITS ETIOLOGY.PROTOONCOGENES, TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES, AND DNA REPAIR GENES ARE AMONG THE GENE GROUPS THAT FORM THE BASIS OF CANCER AND GENETIC STRUCTURE.THE BIDIRECTIONAL INTERACTION BETWEEN NUTRITION AND THE HUMAN GENOME HAS BEEN EFFECTIVE IN THE EMERGENCE OF THE CONCEPTS OF NUTRIGENETICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS.EPIGENETIC DIET IS A DIET BASED ON THE CONSUMPTION OF FOODS SUCH AS SOY, GRAPES, BLUEBERRIES, TURMERIC, CRUCIFEROUS VEGETABLES, AND GREEN TEA, WHICH INDUCE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS THAT PROTECT AGAINST CANCER AND AGING.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
13  6045  28 THE COMPLEXITY OF THE NRF2 PATHWAY: BEYOND THE ANTIOXIDANT RESPONSE. THE NF-E2-RELATED FACTOR 2 (NRF2)-MEDIATED SIGNALLING PATHWAY PROVIDES LIVING ORGANISMS AN EFFICIENT AND PIVOTAL LINE OF DEFENSIVE TO COUNTERACT ENVIRONMENTAL INSULTS AND ENDOGENOUS STRESSORS. NRF2 COORDINATES THE BASAL AND INDUCIBLE EXPRESSION OF ANTIOXIDANT AND PHASE II DETOXIFICATION ENZYMES TO ADAPT TO DIFFERENT STRESS CONDITIONS. THE STABILITY AND CELLULAR DISTRIBUTION OF NRF2 IS TIGHTLY CONTROLLED BY ITS INHIBITORY BINDING PROTEIN KELCH-LIKE ECH-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 1. NRF2 SIGNALLING IS ALSO REGULATED BY POSTTRANSLATIONAL, TRANSCRIPTIONAL, TRANSLATIONAL AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS, AS WELL AS BY OTHER PROTEIN PARTNERS, INCLUDING P62, P21 AND IQ MOTIF-CONTAINING GTPASE ACTIVATING PROTEIN 1. MANY STUDIES HAVE DEMONSTRATED THAT NRF2 IS A PROMISING TARGET FOR PREVENTING CARCINOGENESIS AND OTHER CHRONIC DISEASES, INCLUDING CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES AND PULMONARY INJURY. HOWEVER, CONSTITUTIVE ACTIVATION OF NRF2 IN ADVANCED CANCER CELLS MAY CONFER DRUG RESISTANCE. HERE, WE REVIEW THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF NRF2 SIGNALLING, THE DIVERSE CLASSES OF NRF2 ACTIVATORS, INCLUDING BIOACTIVE NUTRIENTS AND OTHER CHEMICALS, AND THE CELLULAR FUNCTIONS AND DISEASE RELEVANCE OF NRF2 AND DISCUSS THE DUAL ROLE OF NRF2 IN DIFFERENT CONTEXTS.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
14  1413  34 DIETARY PHYTOCHEMICALS AND CANCER CHEMOPREVENTION: A PERSPECTIVE ON OXIDATIVE STRESS, INFLAMMATION, AND EPIGENETICS. OXIDATIVE STRESS OCCURS WHEN CELLULAR REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES LEVELS EXCEED THE SELF-ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY OF THE BODY. OXIDATIVE STRESS INDUCES MANY PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES, INCLUDING INFLAMMATION AND CANCER. CHRONIC INFLAMMATION IS BELIEVED TO BE STRONGLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE MAJOR STAGES OF CARCINOGENESIS. THE NUCLEAR FACTOR ERYTHROID 2-RELATED FACTOR 2 (NRF2) PATHWAY PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE IN REGULATING OXIDATIVE STRESS AND INFLAMMATION BY MANIPULATING KEY ANTIOXIDANT AND DETOXIFICATION ENZYME GENES VIA THE ANTIOXIDANT RESPONSE ELEMENT. MANY DIETARY PHYTOCHEMICALS WITH CANCER CHEMOPREVENTIVE PROPERTIES, SUCH AS POLYPHENOLS, ISOTHIOCYANATES, AND TRITERPENOIDS, EXERT ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY FUNCTIONS BY ACTIVATING THE NRF2 PATHWAY. FURTHERMORE, EPIGENETIC CHANGES, INCLUDING DNA METHYLATION, HISTONE POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS, AND MIRNA-MEDIATED POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL ALTERATIONS, ALSO LEAD TO VARIOUS CARCINOGENESIS PROCESSES BY SUPPRESSING CANCER REPRESSOR GENE TRANSCRIPTION. USING EPIGENETIC RESEARCH TOOLS, INCLUDING NEXT-GENERATION SEQUENCING TECHNOLOGIES, MANY DIETARY PHYTOCHEMICALS ARE SHOWN TO MODIFY AND REVERSE ABERRANT EPIGENETIC/EPIGENOME CHANGES, POTENTIALLY LEADING TO CANCER PREVENTION/TREATMENT. THUS, THE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF DIETARY PHYTOCHEMICALS ON CANCER DEVELOPMENT WARRANT FURTHER INVESTIGATION TO PROVIDE ADDITIONAL IMPETUS FOR CLINICAL TRANSLATIONAL STUDIES.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
15   617  39 BIOACTIVE FOOD COMPOUNDS, EPIGENETICS AND CHRONIC DISEASE PREVENTION: FOCUS ON EARLY-LIFE INTERVENTIONS WITH POLYPHENOLS. CONSUMPTION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS SUCH AS POLYPHENOLS, ISOTHIOCYANATES, SULFUR-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS AND TERPENOIDS, FOUND IN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES, IS ASSOCIATED WITH PREVENTION OF CHRONIC DISEASE. THESE BIOACTIVE FOOD COMPOUNDS ELICIT THEIR PROTECTIVE EFFECTS THROUGH COMPLEX MECHANISMS AT THE CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR, INCLUDING EPIGENETIC LEVELS. ACCORDING TO THE DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGINS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE (DOHAD) PARADIGM, IN UTERO EXPOSURE TO STRESSORS SUCH AS MALNUTRITION THROUGH MATERNAL DIET WOULD IMPAIR FETAL DEVELOPMENT AND EPIGENETICALLY PROGRAM INCREASED RISK OF METABOLIC DISEASES AND SOME CANCERS IN ADULT LIFE. IN ADDITION, A ROLE FOR FATHERS DIET DURING PRECONCEPTION ON THEIR OFFSPRING HEALTH AND CHRONIC DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY HAS ALSO EMERGED. THIS HIGHLIGHTS EARLY LIFE AS A PROMISING WINDOW OF OPPORTUNITY FOR STARTING DIETARY INTERVENTIONS FOCUSING ON PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASES. HOWEVER, KNOWLEDGE ON THE POTENTIAL BENEFICIAL IMPACT OF EARLY LIFE EXPOSURE TO BIOACTIVE FOOD COMPOUNDS IS LIMITED. AMONG THE STUDIES THAT HAVE INVESTIGATED BIOACTIVE FOOD COMPOUNDS IN THE CONTEXT OF DOHAD, MOST HAVE FOCUSED ON THE IMPACT OF DIETARY POLYPHENOLS. THUS, IN THIS REVIEW WE DISCUSS EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE SUPPORTING A ROLE FOR THE DIETARY POLYPHENOLS RESVERATROL, GENISTEIN, EPIGALLOCATECHIN-3-GALLATE AND ANTHOCYANINS IN CHRONIC DISEASE PREVENTION CONSIDERING A PERSPECTIVE FROM EARLY-LIFE INTERVENTIONS THROUGH MATERNAL AND PATERNAL DIETS AND FOCUSING ON EPIGENETICS AS A POTENTIAL UNDERLYING MECHANISM.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
16  1416  26 DIETARY POLYPHENOLS REMODEL DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS OF NRF2 IN CHRONIC DISEASE. THE NUCLEAR FACTOR ERYTHROID 2-RELATED FACTOR 2 (NRF2) IS A TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR CRUCIAL IN REGULATING CELLULAR HOMEOSTASIS AND APOPTOSIS. THE NRF2 GENE HAS BEEN IMPLICATED IN VARIOUS BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES, INCLUDING ANTIOXIDANT, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, AND ANTICANCER PROPERTIES. NRF2 CAN BE REGULATED GENETICALLY AND EPIGENETICALLY AT THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL, POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL, AND TRANSLATIONAL LEVELS. ALTHOUGH DNA METHYLATION IS ONE OF THE CRITICAL BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES VITAL FOR GENE EXPRESSION, SOMETIMES, ANOMALOUS METHYLATION PATTERNS RESULT IN THE DYSREGULATION OF GENES AND CONSEQUENT DISEASES AND DISORDERS. SEVERAL STUDIES HAVE REPORTED PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATION DOWNREGULATED NRF2 EXPRESSION AND ITS DOWNSTREAM TARGETS. IN CONTRAST TO THE UNALTERABLE NATURE OF GENETIC PATTERNS, EPIGENETIC CHANGES CAN BE REVERSED, OPENING UP NEW POSSIBILITIES IN DEVELOPING THERAPIES FOR VARIOUS METABOLIC DISORDERS AND DISEASES. THIS REVIEW DISCUSSES THE CURRENT STATE OF THE NRF2-MEDIATED ANTIOXIDATIVE AND CHEMOPREVENTIVE ACTIVITIES OF SEVERAL NATURAL PHYTOCHEMICALS, INCLUDING SULFORAPHANE, RESVERATROL, CURCUMIN, LUTEOLIN, COROSOLIC ACID, APIGENIN, AND MOST OTHER COMPOUNDS THAT HAVE BEEN FOUND TO ACTIVATE NRF2. THIS EPIGENETIC REVERSAL OF HYPERMETHYLATED NRF2 STATES PROVIDES NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR RESEARCH INTO DIETARY PHYTOCHEMISTRY THAT AFFECTS THE HUMAN EPIGENOME AND THE POSSIBILITY FOR CUTTING-EDGE APPROACHES TO TARGET NRF2-MEDIATED SIGNALING TO PREVENT CHRONIC DISORDERS.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
17  2352  29 EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF NRF2/KEAP1 BY PHYTOCHEMICALS. EPIGENETICS HAS PROVIDED A NEW DIMENSION TO OUR UNDERSTANDING OF NUCLEAR FACTOR ERYTHROID 2-RELATED FACTOR 2/KELCH-LIKE ECH-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 1 (HUMAN NRF2/KEAP1 AND MURINE NRF2/KEAP1) SIGNALING. UNLIKE THE GENETIC CHANGES AFFECTING DNA SEQUENCE, THE REVERSIBLE NATURE OF EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS PROVIDES AN ATTRACTIVE AVENUE FOR CANCER INTERCEPTION. THUS, TARGETING EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN THE CORRESPONDING SIGNALING NETWORKS REPRESENTS AN ENTICING STRATEGY FOR THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION WITH DIETARY PHYTOCHEMICALS ACTING AT TRANSCRIPTIONAL, POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL, AND POST-TRANSLATIONAL LEVELS. THIS REGULATION INVOLVES THE INTERPLAY OF HISTONE MODIFICATIONS AND DNA METHYLATION STATES IN THE HUMAN NFE2L2/KEAP1 AND MURINE NFE2L2/KEAP1 GENES, ACETYLATION OF LYSINE RESIDUES IN NRF2 AND NRF2, INTERACTION WITH BROMODOMAIN AND EXTRATERMINAL DOMAIN (BET) ACETYL "READER" PROTEINS, AND NON-CODING RNAS SUCH AS MICRORNA (MIRNA) AND LONG NON-CODING RNA (LNCRNA). PHYTOCHEMICALS DOCUMENTED TO MODULATE NRF2 SIGNALING ACT BY REVERSING HYPERMETHYLATED STATES IN THE CPG ISLANDS OF NFE2L2 OR NFE2L2, VIA THE INHIBITION OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES (DNMTS) AND HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDACS), THROUGH THE INDUCTION OF TEN-ELEVEN TRANSLOCATION (TET) ENZYMES, OR BY INDUCING MIRNA TO TARGET THE 3'-UTR OF THE CORRESPONDING MRNA TRANSCRIPTS. TO DATE, FEWER THAN TWENTY PHYTOCHEMICALS HAVE BEEN REPORTED AS NRF2 EPIGENETIC MODIFIERS, INCLUDING CURCUMIN, SULFORAPHANE, RESVERATROL, RESERPINE, AND URSOLIC ACID. THIS OPENS AVENUES FOR EXPLORING ADDITIONAL DIETARY PHYTOCHEMICALS THAT REGULATE THE HUMAN EPIGENOME, AND THE POTENTIAL FOR NOVEL STRATEGIES TO TARGET NRF2 SIGNALING WITH A VIEW TO BENEFICIAL INTERCEPTION OF CANCER AND OTHER CHRONIC DISEASES.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
18  4534  31 MULTIPLE REGULATIONS OF KEAP1/NRF2 SYSTEM BY DIETARY PHYTOCHEMICALS. KEAP1/NRF2 SYSTEM PLAYS A CRITICAL ROLE ON CELLULAR PROTECTION BY REGULATING MANY ANTIOXIDANT AND DETOXIFICATION ENZYME GENES THROUGH THE ANTIOXIDANT RESPONSE ELEMENT (ARE). THUS, IT MUST WORK CONSTANTLY TO PREVENT THE ACCUMULATION OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES (ROS) BECAUSE EXCESS ROS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH MANY DISEASES SUCH AS CANCER, CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS, INFLAMMATION, AND NEURODEGENERATION. DIETARY PHYTOCHEMICALS WIDELY DISTRIBUTING IN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES HAVE BEEN CONSIDERED TO POSSESS CANCER CHEMOPREVENTIVE POTENTIAL THROUGH THE INDUCTION OF KEAP1/NRF2 SYSTEM-MEDIATED ANTIOXIDANT AND DETOXIFICATION ENZYMES IN A VARIETY OF MANNERS. THE DATA ARE EXTENSIVE AND ARE NOT WELL CLASSIFIED ON THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS. IN THIS REVIEW, WE FIRST BRIEFLY INTRODUCE THE CURRENT KNOWLEDGE ON KEAP1/NRF2 SYSTEM REGULATION INCLUDING KEAP1-DEPENDENT AND KEAP1-INDEPENDENT CASCADES, AND EPIGENETIC PATHWAY. THEN, WE SUMMARIZE THE MOLECULAR TARGETS OF KEAP1/NRF2 SYSTEM BY DIETARY PHYTOCHEMICALS, AND FINALLY REVIEW THE CROSSTALK BETWEEN KEAP1/NRF2 SYSTEM AND OTHER CELLULAR SIGNALING PATHWAYS TO REGULATE DIVERSE CHRONIC DISEASES BY DIETARY PHYTOCHEMICALS. THESE COMPREHENSIVE DATA WILL HELP US TO UNDERSTAND THE POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF DIETARY PHYTOCHEMICALS ON THE PREVENTION OF CHRONIC DISEASES AND MAINTENANCE OF HUMAN HEALTH.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
19  4396  27 MODULATION OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATION BY QUERCETIN: THE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS ON OBESITY. OBESITY HAS BECOME A MAJOR RISK FACTOR FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHRONIC DISEASES SUCH AS INSULIN RESISTANCE, TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. MOREOVER, OBESITY INDUCES CHRONIC INFLAMMATION IN ADIPOSE TISSUE, LIVER, SKELETAL MUSCLE, AND THE VASCULAR SYSTEM. QUERCETIN IS THE MAJOR REPRESENTATIVE OF THE FLAVONOID SUBCLASS OF FLAVONOLS, WHICH IS UBIQUITOUSLY CONTAINED WITHIN NATURAL PLANTS SUCH AS GREEN TEA, AND VEGETABLES, INCLUDING ONIONS AND APPLES. RESEARCHERS HAVE FOCUSED GREATER ATTENTION TO THE BENEFICIAL PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLES OF QUERCETIN, WHICH HAS ANTI-OXIDATIVE, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, AND ANTI-FIBROTIC EFFECTS ON INSULIN RESISTANCE AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN OBESITY-RELATED DISEASES. ALSO, THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF QUERCETIN ON INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA HAVE BEEN DEMONSTRATED IN OBESITY. IN ADDITION, THERE IS INCREASING EVIDENCE THAT QUERCETIN IS ASSOCIATED WITH EPIGENETIC ACTIVITIES IN CANCER, AND IN MATERNAL UNDERNUTRITION DURING GESTATION AND LACTATION. IN THIS REVIEW, WE FOCUS ON THE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF QUERCETIN, ITS DIETARY SOURCES IN OBESITY, AND ITS ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS ON INSULIN RESISTANCE, ATHEROSCLEROSIS, INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA, AND MATERNAL UNDER-NUTRITION WITH EPIGENETIC ACTIVITY.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
20  5947  28 TARGETING THE EPIGENOME: SCREENING BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS THAT REGULATE HISTONE DEACETYLASE ACTIVITY. SCOPE: NUTRIGENOMICS IS A RAPIDLY EXPANDING FIELD THAT ELUCIDATES THE LINK BETWEEN DIET-GENOME INTERACTIONS. RECENT EVIDENCE DEMONSTRATES THAT REGULATION OF THE EPIGENOME, AND IN PARTICULAR INHIBITION OF HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDACS), IMPACT PATHOGENETIC MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN CHRONIC DISEASE. FEW STUDIES, TO DATE, HAVE SCREENED LIBRARIES OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS THAT ACT AS EPIGENETIC MODIFIERS. THIS STUDY SCREENED A LIBRARY OF 131 NATURAL COMPOUNDS TO DETERMINE BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS THAT INHIBIT ZN-DEPENDENT HDAC ACTIVITY. METHODS AND RESULTS: USING CLASS-SPECIFIC HDAC SUBSTRATES, WE SCREENED 131 NATURAL COMPOUNDS FOR HDAC ACTIVITY IN BOVINE CARDIAC TISSUE. FROM THIS SCREEN, WE IDENTIFIED 18 BIOACTIVE COMPOUND HDAC INHIBITORS. USING OUR CLASS-SPECIFIC HDAC SUBSTRATES, WE NEXT SCREENED THESE 18 BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS AGAINST RECOMBINANT HDAC PROTEINS. CONSISTENT WITH INHIBITION OF HDAC ACTIVITY, THESE COMPOUNDS WERE CAPABLE OF INHIBITING ACTIVITY OF INDIVIDUAL HDAC ISOFORMS. LASTLY, WE REPORT THAT TREATMENT OF H9C2 CARDIAC MYOBLASTS WITH BIOACTIVE HDAC INHIBITORS WAS SUFFICIENT TO INCREASE LYSINE ACETYLATION AS ASSESSED VIA IMMUNOBLOT. CONCLUSION: THIS STUDY PROVIDED THE FIRST STEP IN IDENTIFYING MULTIPLE BIOACTIVE COMPOUND HDAC INHIBITORS. TAKEN TOGETHER, THIS REPORT SETS THE STAGE FOR FUTURE EXPLORATION OF THESE BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS AS EPIGENETIC REGULATORS TO POTENTIALLY AMELIORATE CHRONIC DISEASE.	2017