1  4015 162 LOW-DOSE EXPOSURE TO BISPHENOLS A, F AND S OF HUMAN PRIMARY ADIPOCYTE IMPACTS CODING AND NON-CODING RNA PROFILES. BISPHENOL A (BPA) EXPOSURE HAS BEEN SUSPECTED TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH DELETERIOUS EFFECTS ON HEALTH INCLUDING OBESITY AND METABOLICALLY-LINKED DISEASES. ALTHOUGH BISPHENOLS F (BPF) AND S (BPS) ARE BPA STRUCTURAL ANALOGS COMMONLY USED IN MANY MARKETED PRODUCTS AS A REPLACEMENT FOR BPA, ONLY SPARSE TOXICOLOGICAL DATA ARE AVAILABLE YET. OUR OBJECTIVE WAS TO COMPREHENSIVELY CHARACTERIZE BISPHENOLS GENE TARGETS IN A HUMAN PRIMARY ADIPOCYTE MODEL, IN ORDER TO DETERMINE WHETHER THEY MAY INDUCE CELLULAR DYSFUNCTION, USING CHRONIC EXPOSURE AT TWO CONCENTRATIONS: A "LOW-DOSE" SIMILAR TO THE DOSE USUALLY ENCOUNTERED IN HUMAN BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS AND A HIGHER DOSE. THEREFORE, BPA, BPF AND BPS HAVE BEEN ADDED AT 10 NM OR 10 MUM DURING THE DIFFERENTIATION OF HUMAN PRIMARY ADIPOCYTES FROM SUBCUTANEOUS FAT OF THREE NON-DIABETIC CAUCASIAN FEMALE PATIENTS. GENE EXPRESSION (MRNA/LNCRNA) ARRAYS AND MICRORNA ARRAYS, HAVE BEEN USED TO ASSESS CODING AND NON-CODING RNA CHANGES. WE DETECTED SIGNIFICANTLY DEREGULATED MRNA/LNCRNA AND MIRNA AT LOW AND HIGH DOSES. ENRICHMENT IN "CANCER" AND "ORGANISMAL INJURY AND ABNORMALITIES" RELATED PATHWAYS WAS FOUND IN RESPONSE TO THE THREE PRODUCTS. SOME LONG INTERGENIC NON-CODING RNAS AND SMALL NUCLEOLAR RNAS WERE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED SUGGESTING THAT BISPHENOLS MAY ALSO ACTIVATE MULTIPLE CELLULAR PROCESSES AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS. THE ANALYSIS OF UPSTREAM REGULATORS OF DEREGULATED GENES HIGHLIGHTED HORMONES OR HORMONE-LIKE CHEMICALS SUGGESTING THAT BPS AND BPF CAN BE SUSPECTED TO INTERFERE, JUST LIKE BPA, WITH HORMONAL REGULATION AND HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED AS ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS. ALL THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT AS BPA, ITS SUBSTITUTES BPS AND BPF SHOULD BE USED WITH THE SAME RESTRICTIONS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
2   654  54 BISPHENOL S INDUCED EPIGENETIC AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL CHANGES IN HUMAN BREAST CANCER CELL LINE MCF-7. IN RECENT YEARS, CONCERNS ABOUT USING BISPHENOL A (BPA) IN DAILY CONSUME PRODUCTS AND ITS EFFECTS IN MANY CHRONIC HUMAN DISEASES HAVE PROMPTED THE REMOVAL OF BPA. HOWEVER, THE WIDELY USED BPA ALTERNATIVES, INCLUDING BISPHENOL S (BPS), HAVE A HIGH STRUCTURAL SIMILARITY WITH BPA, SUGGESTING THAT THEY MAY HAVE SIMILAR BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS TOWARDS HUMAN BEINGS. INDEED, BPS WAS ALSO FOUND TO HAVE ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING EFFECTS. EPIGENETIC MECHANISM WAS REPORTED TO BE INVOLVED IN BPA-INDUCED BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS IN BOTH IN VITRO AND IN VIVO MODELS. HOWEVER, THERE IS NO ASSESSMENT ON WHETHER BPS COULD CAUSE EPIGENETIC CHANGES. IN THIS WORK, WE INVESTIGATED THE POSSIBLE EPIGENETIC EFFECTS OF BPS THAT MIGHT INDUCE IN HUMAN BREAST CANCER CELL LINE MCF-7. WE FOUND THAT BPS COULD CHANGE DNA METHYLATION LEVEL OF TRANSPOSONS. BESIDES, METHYLATION STATUS IN PROMOTER OF BREAST CANCER RELATED GENES CDH1, SFN, TNFRSF10C WERE ALSO CHANGED, WHICH IMPLIED THAT BPS MIGHT PLAY A ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BREAST CANCER. GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING SHOWED THAT SOME GENES RELATED TO BREAST CANCER PROGRESSION WERE UPREGULATED, INCLUDING THBS4, PPARGC1A, CREB5, COL5A3. GENE ONTOLOGY (GO) ANALYSIS OF THE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES REVEALED THE SIGNIFICANTLY CHANGES IN PI3K-AKT SIGNALING PATHWAY AND EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX, WHICH WERE RELATED TO THE PROLIFERATION, MIGRATION AND INVASION OF BREAST CANCER CELLS. THESE RESULTS ILLUSTRATED THAT BPS EXPOSURE MIGHT PLAY ROLES IN THE PROGRESSION OF BREAST CANCER.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
3  4812  49 OBESOGEN EFFECT OF BISPHENOL S ALTERS MRNA EXPRESSION AND DNA METHYLATION PROFILING IN MALE MOUSE LIVER. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION IS INCREASINGLY CONSIDERED AN IMPORTANT FACTOR INVOLVED IN THE OBESITY INCIDENCE. ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS (EDS) ARE IMPORTANT ACTORS IN THE CONCEPT OF DOHAD (DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGINS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE), WHERE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS PLAY CRUCIAL ROLES. BISPHENOL A (BPA), A MONOMER USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PLASTICS AND RESINS IS ONE OF THE MOST STUDIED OBESOGENIC ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR. BISPHENOL S (BPS), A BPA SUBSTITUTE, HAS THE SAME OBESOGENIC PROPERTIES, ACTING AT LOW DOSES WITH A SEX-SPECIFIC EFFECT FOLLOWING PERINATAL EXPOSURE. SINCE THE LIVER IS A MAJOR ORGAN IN REGULATING BODY LIPID HOMEOSTASIS, WE INVESTIGATED GENE EXPRESSION AND DNA METHYLATION UNDER LOW-DOSE BPS EXPOSURE. THE BPS OBESOGENIC EFFECT WAS ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASE OF HEPATIC TRIGLYCERIDE CONTENT. THESE PHYSIOLOGICAL DISTURBANCES WERE ACCOMPANIED BY GENOME-WIDE CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION (1366 GENES SIGNIFICANTLY MODIFIED MORE THAN 1.5-FOLD). GENE ONTOLOGY ANALYSIS REVEALED ALTERATION OF GENE CASCADES INVOLVED IN PROTEIN TRANSLATION AND COMPLEMENT REGULATION. IT WAS ASSOCIATED WITH HEPATIC DNA HYPOMETHYLATION IN AUTOSOMES AND HYPERMETHYLATION IN SEX CHROMOSOMES. ALTHOUGH NO SYSTEMATIC CORRELATION HAS BEEN FOUND BETWEEN GENE REPRESSION AND HYPERMETHYLATION, SEVERAL GENES RELATED TO LIVER METABOLISM WERE EITHER HYPERMETHYLATED (ACSL4, GPR40, CEL, PPARDELTA, ABCA6, CES3A, SGMS2) OR HYPOMETHYLATED (SOGA1, GPIHBP1, NR1D2, MLXIPL, RPS6KB2, ESRRB, THRA, CIDEC). IN SPECIFIC CASES (HAPLN4, APOA4, CIDEC, GENES INVOLVED IN LIPID METABOLISM AND LIVER FIBROSIS) MRNA UPREGULATION WAS ASSOCIATED WITH HYPOMETHYLATION. IN CONCLUSION, WE SHOW FOR THE FIRST TIME WIDE DISRUPTIVE PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF LOW-DOSE OF BPS, WHICH RAISES THE QUESTION OF ITS HARMLESSNESS AS AN INDUSTRIAL SUBSTITUTE FOR BPA.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
4   899  36 CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO A LOW CONCENTRATION OF BISPHENOL A DURING FOLLICLE CULTURE AFFECTS THE EPIGENETIC STATUS OF GERMINAL VESICLES AND METAPHASE II OOCYTES. OBJECTIVE: TO DETERMINE WHETHER EXPOSURE TO LOW CONCENTRATIONS OF THE ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING CHEMICAL BISPHENOL A (BPA) DURING FOLLICLE CULTURE AND OOCYTE GROWTH ALTERS THE METHYLATION STATUS OF DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS (DMRS) OF IMPRINTED GENES AND HISTONE POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION PATTERNS IN MAMMALIAN OOCYTES. DESIGN: COMPARATIVE AND CONTROL STUDY. SETTING: EXPERIMENTAL LABORATORY. ANIMAL(S): C57/BL6JXCBA/CA MICE. INTERVENTION(S): EXPOSURE OF OOCYTES TO 3 NM OR 300 NM BPA DURING FOLLICLE CULTURE FROM PREANTRAL TO ANTRAL STAGE. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): METHYLATION STATUS OF DMRS OF MATERNALLY IMPRINTED (SNRPN, IGF2R, AND MEST) AND PATERNALLY IMPRINTED GENE(S) (H19) IN MOUSE GERMINAL VESICLE OOCYTES; TRIMETHYLATION OF HISTONE H3K9, ACETYLATION OF HISTONE H4K12, AND DISTANCE BETWEEN CENTROMERES OF SISTER CHROMATIDS IN METAPHASE II OOCYTES. RESULT(S): EXPOSURE TO 3 NM BPA WAS ASSOCIATED WITH SLIGHTLY ACCELERATED FOLLICLE DEVELOPMENT, STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT INCREASES IN ALLELE METHYLATION ERRORS IN DMRS OF MATERNALLY IMPRINTED GENES, AND STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT DECREASES IN HISTONE H3K9 TRIMETHYLATION AND INTERKINETOCHORE DISTANCE. CONCLUSION(S): THE DISTURBANCES IN OOCYTE GENOMIC IMPRINTING AND MODIFICATION OF POSTTRANSLATIONAL HISTONE AND CENTROMERE ARCHITECTURE PROVIDE THE FIRST LINK BETWEEN LOW BPA EXPOSURES AND INDUCTION OF EPIGENETIC CHANGES THAT MAY CONTRIBUTE TO CHROMOSOME CONGRESSION FAILURES AND MEIOTIC ERRORS, AND TO ALTERED GENE EXPRESSION THAT MIGHT AFFECT HEALTH OF THE OFFSPRING.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
5   344  37 ALTERED BDNF METHYLATION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN AND HIGH BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL COMPLEXITY. PURPOSE: THE INTERMED INSTRUMENT, WHICH WAS DEVELOPED TO MEASURE PATIENT'S BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL (BPS) COMPLEXITY, REPRESENTS A POWERFUL DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC TOOL. EPIGENETIC CHANGES ARE THE INTERFACE BETWEEN SIGNALS FROM THE ENVIRONMENT AND GENETIC MODIFICATIONS, AFFECTING GENE EXPRESSION, IN PARTICULAR, BY DNA METHYLATION OF CPG DINUCLEOTIDES IN PROMOTOR REGIONS OF THE CORRESPONDING GENES. THE BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) GENE PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE IN THE CENTRAL SENSITIZATION (CS) OF PAIN. IN THIS STUDY, WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT CHRONIC PAIN MODIFIES THE METHYLATION LEVELS OF THE BDNF GENE IN A MANNER THAT IS INTERCONNECTED WITH THE BPS STATUS. PATIENTS AND METHODS: FIFTY-EIGHT CHRONIC MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN PATIENTS (CMSP) WERE ENROLLED IN THE STUDY. DNA WAS EXTRACTED FROM BLOOD SAMPLES, THE METHYLATION LEVELS OF 13 CPG SITES IN THE BDNF PROMOTER WERE MEASURED BY PYROSEQUENCING, AND ASSOCIATION STUDIES WITH VARIOUS PATIENT PARAMETERS AND THE INTERMED SCORES WERE PERFORMED. RESULTS: INTERESTINGLY, A NEGATIVE CORRELATION (-0.40) WAS FOUND BETWEEN THE TOTAL INTERMED SCORES AND THE AVERAGE CPG METHYLATION VALUES OF THE BDNF GENE, BUT NO CORRELATION WAS OBSERVED WITH THE SEVERITY OF PAIN, DEGREE OF ANXIETY, DEPRESSION, OR KINESIOPHOBIA AND CATASTROPHISM. MOREOVER, THE ASSOCIATION WAS INDEPENDENT OF AGE, SEX AND LEVEL OF COMORBIDITIES. CONCLUSION: THIS RESULT SHOWS THAT CMSP, IN ASSOCIATION WITH ITS BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL CONTEXT, EPIGENETICALLY DECREASES THE DEGREE OF METHYLATION OF THE BDNF PROMOTER AND SHOULD THEREFORE INCREASE THE LEVEL OF BDNF TRANSCRIPTION. IT ALSO SUGGESTS A ROLE OF THE INTERMED TOOL TO DETECT A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE BPS COMPLEXITY AND THE EPIGENETIC CONTROL OF A TARGET GENE. THE POSSIBLE UPREGULATION OF BDNF EXPRESSION MIGHT BE, AT LEAST IN PART, THE SIGNAL FOR CHRONIC PAIN-INDUCED CENTRAL SENSITIZATION (CS). THIS COULD PARTLY EXPLAIN WHY PATIENTS WITH A HIGHER LEVEL OF COMPLEXITY FEEL MORE PAIN THAN THOSE WITH LOWER COMPLEXITY.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
6  6280  49 THE PLASTICIZER BISPHENOL A PERTURBS THE HEPATIC EPIGENOME: A SYSTEMS LEVEL ANALYSIS OF THE MIRNOME. UBIQUITOUS EXPOSURE TO BISPHENOL A (BPA), AN ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR (ED), HAS RAISED CONCERNS FOR BOTH HUMAN AND ECOSYSTEM HEALTH. EPIGENETIC FACTORS, INCLUDING MICRORNAS (MIRNAS), ARE KEY REGULATORS OF GENE EXPRESSION DURING CANCER. THE EFFECT OF BPA EXPOSURE ON THE ZEBRAFISH EPIGENOME REMAINS POORLY CHARACTERIZED. ZEBRAFISH REPRESENTS AN EXCELLENT MODEL TO STUDY CANCER AS THE ORGANISM DEVELOPS A DISEASE THAT RESEMBLES HUMAN CANCER. USING ZEBRAFISH AS A SYSTEMS TOXICOLOGY MODEL, WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT CHRONIC BPA-EXPOSURE IMPACTS THE MIRNOME IN ADULT ZEBRAFISH AND ESTABLISHES AN EPIGENOME MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO CANCER DEVELOPMENT. AFTER A 3 WEEK EXPOSURE TO 100 NM BPA, RNA FROM THE LIVER WAS EXTRACTED TO PERFORM HIGH THROUGHPUT MRNA AND MIRNA SEQUENCING. DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION (DE) ANALYSES COMPARING BPA-EXPOSED TO CONTROL SPECIMENS WERE PERFORMED USING ESTABLISHED BIOINFORMATICS PIPELINES. IN THE BPA-EXPOSED LIVER, 6188 MRNAS AND 15 MIRNAS WERE DIFFERENTLY EXPRESSED (Q </= 0.1). BY ANALYZING HUMAN ORTHOLOGS OF THE DE ZEBRAFISH GENES, SIGNATURES ASSOCIATED WITH NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD), OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION, MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION AND CELL CYCLE WERE UNCOVERED. CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO BPA HAS A SIGNIFICANT IMPACT ON THE LIVER MIRNOME AND TRANSCRIPTOME IN ADULT ZEBRAFISH WITH THE POTENTIAL TO CAUSE ADVERSE HEALTH OUTCOMES INCLUDING CANCER.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
7   653  29 BISPHENOL A, HYPERTENSION, AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL, LABORATORY, AND CLINICAL TRIAL EVIDENCE. BISPHENOL A (BPA) EXPOSURE HAS BECOME ONE OF THE MOST COMMON ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL EXPOSURES IN HUMANS. THERE IS GROWING EVIDENCE REGARDING AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BPA EXPOSURE, HYPERTENSION, AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES (CVD). IF BPA EXPOSURE IS INDEED ASSOCIATED WITH RAISED BLOOD PRESSURE AND CVD, IT WOULD BE A MAJOR PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM. THEREFORE, WE REVIEWED THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL, LABORATORY, AND CLINICAL TRIAL EVIDENCE FOR AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BPA EXPOSURE, CVD, AND HYPERTENSION, AND DISCUSSED THE POSSIBLE MECHANISMS IN THIS ARTICLE. CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES IN VARIOUS ETHNICITIES SUGGESTED A POSSIBLE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BPA EXPOSURE AND HYPERTENSION; THIS ASSOCIATION WAS SUPPORTED BY A PANEL STUDY AND A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL. DESPITE THE DISCORDANCE AMONG CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES ABOUT AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BPA EXPOSURE AND CVD, A LONGITUDINAL STUDY SHOWS THAT BPA EXPOSURE IS A RISK FACTOR FOR CVD. THE EFFECTS OF BPA EXPOSURE SUCH AS ENDOCRINAL DISTURBANCE, INDUCTION OF OXIDATIVE STRESS AND INFLAMMATION, EPIGENETIC CHANGE, AND LINKS WITH OTHER CHRONIC DISEASES MAY HIGHLIGHT A POSSIBLE MECHANISM BETWEEN BPA EXPOSURE, CVD, AND HYPERTENSION. TO CLARIFY THE CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP, WELL-DESIGNED STUDIES ARE NEEDED IN THE FUTURE.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
8  5097  39 PLASTICS DERIVED ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING COMPOUNDS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON EARLY DEVELOPMENT. DESPITE THE FACT THAT THE ESTROGENIC EFFECTS OF BISPHENOLS WERE FIRST DESCRIBED 80 YEARS AGO, RECENT DATA ABOUT ITS POTENTIAL NEGATIVE IMPACT ON BIRTH OUTCOME PARAMETERS RAISES A STRONG RATIONALE TO INVESTIGATE FURTHER. THE ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS OF PLASTICS RECOMMEND TO MEASURE THE IMPACTS OF ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING COMPOUNDS (EDCS) SUCH AS BISPHENOLS (BPA, BPS, BPF), BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE, AND DIBUTYL PHTHALATE (DBP) IN HUMAN HEALTH. EXPOSURE TO THESE COMPOUNDS IN UTERO MAY PROGRAM THE DISEASES OF THE TESTIS, PROSTATE, KIDNEY AND ABNORMALITIES IN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM, AND CAUSE TUMORS, UTERINE HEMORRHAGE DURING PREGNANCY AND POLYCYSTIC OVARY. THESE COMPOUNDS ALSO CONTROL THE PROCESSES OF EPIGENETIC TRANSGENERATIONAL INHERITANCE OF ADULT-ONSET DISEASES BY MODULATING DNA METHYLATION AND EPIMUTATIONS IN REPRODUCTIVE CELLS. THE EARLY DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE IS THE MOST SUSCEPTIBLE WINDOW FOR DEVELOPMENTAL AND GENOMIC PROGRAMMING. THE CRITICAL STAGES OF THE EVENTS FOR A NORMAL HUMAN BIRTH LIE BETWEEN THE MANY TRANSITIONS OCCURRING BETWEEN SPERMATOGENESIS, EGG FERTILIZATION AND THE FULLY FORMED FETUS. AS THE CELLS BEGIN TO GROW AND DIFFERENTIATE, THERE ARE CRITICAL BALANCES OF HORMONES, AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS. DATA ARE EMERGING ON HOW THESE PLASTIC-DERIVED COMPOUNDS AFFECT EMBRYOGENESIS, PLACENTATION AND FETO-PLACENTAL DEVELOPMENT SINCE PREGNANT WOMEN AND UNBORN FETUSES ARE OFTEN EXPOSED TO THESE FACTORS DURING PRECONCEPTION AND THROUGHOUT GESTATION. IMPAIRED EARLY DEVELOPMENT THAT ULTIMATELY INFLUENCES FETAL OUTCOMES IS AT THE CENTER OF MANY DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS AND CONTRIBUTES AN INDEPENDENT RISK FACTOR FOR ADULT CHRONIC DISEASES. THIS REVIEW WILL SUMMARIZE THE CURRENT STATUS ON THE IMPACT OF EXPOSURE TO PLASTIC DERIVED EDCS ON THE GROWTH, GENE EXPRESSION, EPIGENETIC AND ANGIOGENIC ACTIVITIES OF THE EARLY FETAL DEVELOPMENT PROCESS AND THEIR POSSIBLE EFFECTS ON BIRTH OUTCOMES.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
9  1825  27 EFFECTS OF HIGH-DOSE BISPHENOL A ON THE MOUSE ORAL MUCOSA: A POSSIBLE LINK WITH ORAL CANCERS. BISPHENOL A (BPA) IS AN ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING CHEMICAL ABLE TO PROMOTE HORMONE-RESPONSIVE TUMORS. THE MAJOR ROUTE OF BPA CONTAMINATION BEING ORAL, THE AIM OF THE PRESENT STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE BPA EFFECTS ON ORAL CELLS. HERE, WE EVALUATED THE IMPACT OF SUB-CHRONIC IN VIVO EXPOSURE TO BPA AND ITS IN VITRO EFFECTS ON NEOPLASTIC AND NON-NEOPLASTIC ORAL CELLS. WE EVALUATED THE ORAL MUCOSA OF MICE CHRONICALLY EXPOSED TO BPA (200 MG/L). THE RESPONSE OF KERATINOCYTES (NOK-SI) AND HEAD AND NECK (HN) SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA (SCC), HN12 AND HN13 CELL LINES TO BPA WAS EXAMINED. IN VIVO, BPA ACCUMULATED IN ORAL TISSUES AND CAUSED AN INCREASE IN EPITHELIAL PROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY. BPA DISRUPTED THE FUNCTION OF KERATINOCYTES BY ALTERING PRO-SURVIVAL AND PROLIFERATIVE PATHWAYS AND THE SECRETION OF CYTOKINES AND GROWTH FACTORS. IN TUMOR CELLS, BPA INDUCED PROLIFERATIVE, INVASIVE, PRO-ANGIOGENIC, AND EPIGENETIC PATHS. OUR DATA HIGHLIGHT THE HARMFUL EFFECTS OF BPA ON ORAL MUCOSA AND, TUMORIGENIC AND NON-TUMORIGENIC CELLS. ADDITIONALLY, BPA MAY BE A MODIFIER OF ORAL CANCER CELL BEHAVIOR BY PROMPTING A FUNCTIONAL SHIFT TO A MORE AGGRESSIVE PHENOTYPE.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
10  6384  43 THE ROLE OF POLYCARBONATE MONOMER BISPHENOL-A IN INSULIN RESISTANCE. BISPHENOL A (BPA) IS A SYNTHETIC UNIT OF POLYCARBONATE POLYMERS AND EPOXY RESINS, THE TYPES OF PLASTICS THAT COULD BE FOUND IN ESSENTIALLY EVERY HUMAN POPULATION AND INCORPORATED INTO ALMOST EVERY ASPECT OF THE MODERN HUMAN SOCIETY. BPA POLYMERS APPEAR IN A WIDE RANGE OF PRODUCTS, FROM LIQUID STORAGES (PLASTIC BOTTLES, CAN AND GLASS LININGS, WATER PIPES AND TANKS) AND FOOD STORAGES (PLASTICS WRAPS AND CONTAINERS), TO MEDICAL AND DENTAL DEVICES. BPA POLYMERS COULD BE HYDROLYZED SPONTANEOUSLY OR IN A PHOTO- OR TEMPERATURE-CATALYZED PROCESS, PROVIDING WIDESPREAD ENVIRONMENTAL DISTRIBUTION AND CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO THE BPA MONOMER IN CONTEMPORARY HUMAN POPULATIONS. BISPHENOL A IS ALSO A XENOESTROGEN, AN ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICAL (EDC) THAT INTERFERES WITH THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM MIMICKING THE EFFECTS OF AN ESTROGEN AND COULD POTENTIALLY KEEP OUR ENDOCRINE SYSTEM IN A CONSTANT PERTURBATION THAT PARALLELS ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION ARISING DURING PREGNANCY, SUCH AS INSULIN RESISTANCE (IR). GESTATIONAL INSULIN RESISTANCE REPRESENTS A NATURAL BIOLOGICAL PHENOMENON OF HIGHER INSULIN RESISTANCE IN PERIPHERAL TISSUES OF THE PREGNANT FEMALES, WHEN NUTRIENTS ARE INCREASINGLY BEING DIRECTED TO THE EMBRYO INSTEAD OF BEING STORED IN PERIPHERAL TISSUES. GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS MAY APPEAR IN HEALTHY NON-DIABETIC FEMALES, DUE TO GESTATIONAL INSULIN RESISTANCE THAT LEADS TO INCREASED BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS AND HYPERINSULINEMIA (INCREASED INSULIN PRODUCTION FROM THE PANCREATIC BETA CELLS). THE HYPOTHESIS STATES THAT UNNOTICED AND CONSTANT EXPOSURE TO THIS ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL MIGHT POTENTIALLY LEAD TO THE FORMATION OF CHRONIC LOW-LEVEL ENDOCRINE DISRUPTIVE STATE THAT RESEMBLES GESTATIONAL INSULIN RESISTANCE, WHICH MIGHT CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIABETES. THE INCREASING BODY OF EVIDENCE SUPPORTS THE MAJOR PREMISES OF THIS HYPOTHESIS, AS EXEMPLIFIED BY THE NUMEROUS PUBLICATIONS EXAMINING THE ASSOCIATION OF BPA AND INSULIN RESISTANCE, BOTH EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND MECHANISTIC. HOWEVER, TO WHAT EXTENT BPA MIGHT CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIABETES IN THE MODERN SOCIETIES STILL REMAINS UNKNOWN. IN THIS REVIEW, I DISCUSS THE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BPA AND THE SOURCES OF BPA CONTAMINATION FOUND IN THE ENVIRONMENT AND IN HUMAN TISSUES. I PROVIDE AN OVERVIEW OF MECHANISMS FOR THE PROPOSED ROLE OF BISPHENOL A IN INSULIN RESISTANCE AND DIABETES, AS WELL AS OTHER RELATED DISEASES, SUCH AS CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES. I DESCRIBE THE TRANSMISSION OF BPA EFFECTS TO THE OFFSPRING AND POSTULATE THAT GENDER RELATED DIFFERENCES MIGHT ORIGINATE FROM DIFFERENCES IN LIVER ENZYME LEVELS, SUCH AS UDP-GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASE, WHICH IS INVOLVED IN BPA PROCESSING AND ITS ELIMINATION FROM THE ORGANISM. I DISCUSS THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF BPA ACTION THROUGH NUCLEAR AND MEMBRANE-BOUND ER RECEPTORS, NON-MONOTONIC DOSE RESPONSE, EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS OF THE DNA AND PROPOSE THAT CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO WEAK BINDERS, SUCH AS BPA, MAY MIMIC THE EFFECTS OF STRONG BINDERS, SUCH AS ESTROGENS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
11    73  35 A MULTI-GENERATIONAL STUDY ON LOW-DOSE BPA EXPOSURE IN WISTAR RATS: EFFECTS ON MATERNAL BEHAVIOR, FLAVOR INTAKE AND DEVELOPMENT. BISPHENOL A (BPA) IS A COMMON ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR FOUND AS AN ENVIRONMENTAL AND FOOD CONTAMINANT. IT EXERTS BOTH DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS, MAINLY WHEN EXPOSURE OCCURS IN EARLY LIFE. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE THE MULTI-GENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF CHRONIC, HUMAN-RELEVANT LOW-DOSE EXPOSURE TO BPA ON DEVELOPMENT, MATERNAL BEHAVIOR AND FLAVOR PREFERENCE IN WISTAR RATS. BPA WAS ORALLY ADMINISTERED AT A DAILY DOSE OF 5 MUG/KG BODY WEIGHT TO F0 PREGNANT DAMS FROM THE FIRST DAY OF GESTATION (GD 1) UNTIL THE LAST DAY OF LACTATION (LD 21), AND THEN TO F1 OFFSPRING FROM WEANING (PND 21) TO ADULTHOOD (PND 100). F2 OFFSPRING WERE NOT EXPOSED. DEVELOPMENT AND CLINICAL SIGNS OF TOXICITY WERE ASSESSED DAILY. MATERNAL BEHAVIOR WAS EVALUATED BY OBSERVING NURSING AND PUP-CARING ACTIONS, AS WELL AS "NON-MATERNAL" BEHAVIORS IN F0 AND F1 DAMS FROM PARTURITION UNTIL LD 8. THE FLAVOR PREFERENCES OF F1 AND F2 OFFSPRING WERE EVALUATED BASED ON THE INTAKE OF SWEET, SALT AND FAT SOLUTIONS USING THE TWO-BOTTLE CHOICE TEST ON PND 21-34 AND PND 86-99. BPA EXPOSURE: 1) DECREASED MATERNAL BEHAVIOR IN F1 DAMS, 2) CAUSED DEVELOPMENTAL DEFECTS IN BOTH F1 AND F2 OFFSPRING, WITH A NOTICEABLE DECREASE IN ANOGENITAL DISTANCE IN MALE RATS, AND 3) DID NOT AFFECT FLAVORED SOLUTION INTAKE IN F1, BUT INDUCED CHANGES IN SWEET PREFERENCE IN F2 JUVENILES AND IN SALT AND FAT SOLUTION INTAKES IN F2 ADULTS, AND 4) INDUCED A BODY WEIGHT INCREASE IN THE F2 GENERATION ONLY, WHEREAS FOOD INTAKE AND WATER CONSUMPTION DID NOT CHANGE. TAKEN AS A WHOLE, OUR FINDINGS SHOWED THAT BOTH GESTATIONAL (F0) AND LIFELONG (F1) EXPOSURES TO A HUMAN-RELEVANT DOSE OF BPA COULD INDUCE MULTI-GENERATIONAL EFFECTS ON BOTH DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST POSSIBLE SELECTIVE NEUROENDOCRINE DEFECTS AND/OR EPIGENETIC CHANGES CAUSED BY BPA EXPOSURE.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
12   652  48 BISPHENOL A AS EPIGENETIC MODULATOR: SETTING THE STAGE FOR CARCINOGENESIS? BACKGROUND: BISPHENOL A (BPA) IS ONE OF THE MOST WIDELY PRODUCED CHEMICALS WORLDWIDE AND IS OFTEN USED IN THE PRODUCTION OF FOOD AND BEVERAGE CONTAINERS. AS A RESULT OF BPA CONTACT WITH FOOD, DRINK AND TOILETRIES, ITS INGESTION AND ABSORPTION BY HUMANS HAS BEEN GROWING. THE INDUSTRIALIZATION AND MODERN LIFESTYLES BROUGHT A CONSTANT EXPOSURE TO SEVERAL HEALTH-DISTURBING COMPOUNDS AND USHERED A NEW ERA OF CHRONIC DISEASES. THE ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR POTENTIAL OF BPA IS WELL KNOWN, BUT THE RESEARCH AROUND ITS EPIGENOTOXIC EFFECTS RAISED FURTHER CONCERNS WHETHER CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO BPA CAN CONTRIBUTE TO CHRONIC HUMAN ILLNESS, INCLUDING CANCER IN HORMONE-SENSITIVE ORGANS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: FOCUSING ON COMPUTERIZED DATABASES, WE REVIEWED ORIGINAL AND REVIEW ARTICLES WHICH ELUCIDATE AND LINK SOME OF THE INFORMATION ALREADY AVAILABLE ABOUT BPA AND RELATED EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS. RESULTS: A NUMBER OF STUDIES INDICATE THAT SHORT-TERM ADMINISTRATION OF LOW OR HIGH-DOSES OF BPA MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASED RISK OF EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, INCREASING THE RISK FOR CARCINOGENESIS. HOWEVER, IT IS CLEAR THAT MORE STUDIES CONSIDERING REAL DAILY EXPOSURES ARE ESSENTIAL TO DEFINE A REAL TOLERABLE DAILY INTAKE AND TO TIGHTEN UP MANUFACTORY REGULATIONS. CONCLUSION: IN THIS REVIEW, WE HIGHLIGHT SOME EVIDENCES SUGGESTING A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BPA EXPOSURE, GENOTOXIC ACTIVITY AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, WHICH MAY PRIME FOR CARCINOGENESIS.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
13   518  39 ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ANTIBIOTIC EXPOSURE DURING PREGNANCY, BIRTH WEIGHT AND ABERRANT METHYLATION AT IMPRINTED GENES AMONG OFFSPRING. OBJECTIVES: LOW BIRTH WEIGHT (LBW) HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH COMMON ADULT-ONSET CHRONIC DISEASES, INCLUDING OBESITY, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, TYPE II DIABETES AND SOME CANCERS. THE ETIOLOGY OF LBW IS MULTI-FACTORIAL. HOWEVER, RECENT EVIDENCE SUGGESTS EXPOSURE TO ANTIBIOTICS MAY ALSO INCREASE THE RISK OF LBW. THE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THIS ASSOCIATION ARE UNKNOWN, ALTHOUGH EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS ARE HYPOTHESIZED. IN THIS STUDY, WE EVALUATED THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MATERNAL ANTIBIOTIC USE AND LBW AND EXAMINED THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF ALTERED DNA METHYLATION THAT CONTROLS GROWTH REGULATORY IMPRINTED GENES IN THESE ASSOCIATIONS. METHODS: BETWEEN 2009-2011, 397 PREGNANT WOMEN WERE ENROLLED AND FOLLOWED UNTIL DELIVERY. PRENATAL ANTIBIOTIC USE WAS ASCERTAINED THROUGH MATERNAL SELF-REPORT. IMPRINTED GENES METHYLATION LEVELS WERE MEASURED AT DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS (DMRS) USING BISULFITE PYROSEQUENCING. GENERALIZED LINEAR MODELS WERE USED TO EXAMINE ASSOCIATIONS AMONG ANTIBIOTIC USE, BIRTH WEIGHT AND DMR METHYLATION FRACTIONS. RESULTS: AFTER ADJUSTING FOR INFANT GENDER, RACE/ETHNICITY, MATERNAL BODY MASS INDEX, DELIVERY ROUTE, GESTATIONAL WEIGHT GAIN, GESTATIONAL AGE AT DELIVERY, FOLIC ACID INTAKE, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, MATERNAL SMOKING AND PARITY, ANTIBIOTIC USE DURING PREGNANCY WAS ASSOCIATED WITH 138 G LOWER BIRTH WEIGHT COMPARED WITH NON-ANTIBIOTIC USE (BETA-COEFFICIENT=-132.99, S.E.=50.70, P=0.008). THESE ASSOCIATIONS WERE STRONGEST IN NEWBORNS OF WOMEN WHO REPORTED ANTIBIOTIC USE OTHER THAN PENICILLINS (BETA-COEFFICIENT=-135.57, S.E.=57.38, P=0.02). METHYLATION AT FIVE DMRS, IGF2 (P=0.05), H19 (P=0.15), PLAGL1 (P=0.01), MEG3 (P=0.006) AND PEG3 (P=0.08), WAS ASSOCIATED WITH MATERNAL ANTIBIOTIC USE; AMONG THESE, ONLY METHYLATION AT THE PLAGL1 DMR WAS ALSO ASSOCIATED WITH BIRTH WEIGHT. CONCLUSION: WE REPORT AN INVERSE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN IN UTERO EXPOSURE TO ANTIBIOTICS AND LOWER INFANT BIRTH WEIGHT AND PROVIDE THE FIRST EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE SUPPORTING IMPRINTED GENE PLASTICITY IN THESE ASSOCIATIONS.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
14  6545  37 TRANSCRIPTOMIC AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN THE HYPOTHALAMUS ARE INVOLVED IN AN INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO A HIGH-FAT-SUCROSE DIET IN PRENATALLY STRESSED FEMALE RATS. DISTURBANCES IN THE PRENATAL PERIOD ARE LINKED TO METABOLIC DISORDERS IN ADULTHOOD, IMPLYING THE HYPOTHALAMIC SYSTEMS OF APPETITE AND ENERGY BALANCE REGULATION. IN ORDER TO ANALYZE THE CENTRAL EFFECTS OF A HIGH-FAT-SUCROSE (HFS) DIET IN PRENATALLY STRESSED (PNS) FEMALE ADULT RATS, WISTAR DAMS WERE EXPOSED TO CHRONIC-MILD-STRESS DURING THE THIRD WEEK OF GESTATION AND WERE THEN COMPARED WITH UNSTRESSED CONTROLS. ADULT FEMALE OFFSPRING WERE FED A CHOW OR HFS DIET FOR 10 WEEKS. CHANGES IN BODY WEIGHT, ADIPOSITY AS WELL AS EXPRESSION AND METHYLATION LEVELS OF SELECTED HYPOTHALAMIC GENES WERE ANALYZED. PNS INDUCED LOWER BIRTHWEIGHT AND BODY LENGTH WITH NO CHANGES IN BODY FAT MASS. AFTER THE HFS DIET, THE EXPECTED OVERWEIGHT MODEL WAS OBSERVED ACCOMPANIED BY HIGHER ADIPOSITY AND INSULIN RESISTANCE, WHICH WAS WORSENED BY PNS. THE STRESS MODEL INDUCED HIGHER ENERGY INTAKE IN ADULTHOOD. HYPOTHALAMIC GENE EXPRESSION ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT THE HFS DIET DECREASED SLC6A3 (DOPAMINE ACTIVE TRANSPORTER), NPY (NEUROPEPTIDE Y) AND IR (INSULIN RECEPTOR) AND INCREASED POMC (PRO-OPIOMELANOCORTIN). HYPOTHALAMIC DNA METHYLATION LEVELS IN THE PROMOTER REGION OF SLC6A3 REVEALED THAT SLC6A3 WAS HYPERMETHYLATED BY THE HFS DIET IN CPG SITE -53 BP TO THE TRANSCRIPTION START SITE. HFS DIET ALSO HYPERMETHYLATED CPG SITE -167 BP OF THE POMC PROMOTER ONLY IN NONSTRESSED ANIMALS. NO CORRELATIONS WERE FOUND BETWEEN GENE EXPRESSION AND DNA METHYLATION LEVELS. THESE RESULTS IMPLY THAT EARLY-LIFE STRESS IN FEMALES INCREASED PREDISPOSITION TO DIET-INDUCED OBESITY IN ADULTHOOD.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
15  1140  29 CONCENTRATION OF FOLIC ACID (FA) IN SERUM OF JAPANESE PREGNANT WOMEN. OBJECTIVES EXPOSURE TO INORGANIC ARSENIC (IAS) IS A WORLD-WIDE HEALTH CONCERN. WE REPORTED THAT JAPANESE CHILDREN AND PREGNANT WOMEN ARE EXPOSED TO MODERATE LEVELS OF IAS THROUGH FOOD. REDUCING IAS CONTAMINATION FROM FOODS OF HIGH IAS IS AN IMPORTANT ISSUE UNIQUE IN JAPAN. INTEGRATED IAS IS METHYLATED TO LESS TOXIC ORGANIC FORMS, AND S-ADENOSYL-L-METHYONINE (SAM), A COMMON METHYL-DONOR OF DNA AND HISTONES, IS UTILIZED IN THIS PROCESS. CHRONIC CONSUMPTION OF SAM BY IAS METABOLISM DUE TO EXPOSURE TO IAS MIGHT ALTER THE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OF GENOME. THE SAM BIOSYNTHESIS PATHWAY IS DEPENDENT ON FOLATE CYCLE, AND IT IS POSSIBLE THAT INGESTION OF SUFFICIENT FOLIC ACID (FA) IS PROTECTIVE TO IAS INDUCED TOXICITY. METHODS IN THE COURSE OF OUR CROSS-SECTIONAL BODY BURDEN ANALYSES OF PB AND IAS IN JAPANESE CHILDREN AND PREGNANT WOMEN, TERMED "PBAS STUDY", FA CONCENTRATION IN SERUM OF 104 PREGNANT WOMEN WAS MEASURED. RESULTS MEAN (+/-SEM) OF SERUM FA CONCENTRATION WAS 15.8 +/- 1.3 (NG/ML). THERE ARE SIGNIFICANT NUMBER OF PEOPLE SHOWING VERY HIGH FA (>30 NG/ ML), AND LARGE FRACTION OF THEM WERE TAKING SUPPLEMENTS DAILY. CONCLUSIONS THESE RESULTS SUGGESTED THAT LEVEL OF FA INGESTION OF JAPANESE PREGNANT WOMEN IS HIGH FOR SUPPORTING NORMAL FETAL DEVELOPMENT.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
16  3586  47 IMPACT OF THE POLYCARBONATE STRIPPERS USED IN ASSISTED REPRODUCTION TECHNIQUES ON EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. STUDY QUESTION: DO DAILY MANIPULATIONS OF PREIMPLANTATION EMBRYOS WITH POLYCARBONATE (PC)-MADE BISPHENOL A (BPA)-RELEASING STRIPPERS INFLUENCE EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT? SUMMARY ANSWER: COMPARED TO GLASS STRIPPERS, PC STRIPPERS ENHANCE THE BLASTOCYST DEVELOPMENT RATE BUT THIS DOES NOT SEEM TO BE BPA-RELATED. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: PC STRIPPERS HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO RELEASE TINY AMOUNTS (AROUND 0.5 NG/ML BPA) OF BPA IN ROUTINE HUMAN IVF PROCEDURES. A CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO BPA EITHER IN VIVO OR IN VITRO DURING THE PREIMPLANTATION PERIOD CAN IMPACT POST-IMPLANTATION AND POST-NATAL DEVELOPMENT. BPA CAN ACT RAPIDLY BY BINDING TO MEMBRANE RECEPTORS AND INDUCING RAPID NON-GENOMIC EFFECTS. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: THIS EXPERIMENTAL STUDY USING MOUSE EMBRYOS HAD A BALANCED DESIGN AND BLINDED EVALUATIONS OF THE ENDPOINTS. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: IN VIVO FERTILIZED ZYGOTES WERE OBTAINED FROM OUTBRED SWISS CD1 MICE CROSSINGS AFTER AN OVARIAN STIMULATION. THE ZYGOTES WERE ALLOCATED TO THREE DAILY HANDLING CONDITIONS (HCS) AND CULTURED UNTIL DAY 4 IN A SINGLE HUMAN COMMERCIAL MEDIUM. EACH DAY, THE EMBRYOS WERE HANDLED FOR 20 S EITHER IN A PC STRIPPER (HC1) OR IN A GLASS STRIPPER (HC2). IN HC3, THE EMBRYOS WERE PRE-EXPOSED TO 0.5 NG/ML BPA BEFORE BEING HANDLED FOR 20 S IN A GLASS STRIPPER. HANDLING OPERATIONS WERE REPEATED ON DAYS 1, 2 AND 3. EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT WAS ASSESSED BLINDLY ON DAY 4. EXPANDED BLASTOCYSTS WERE SELECTED FOR A TRANSCRIPTOMIC ANALYSIS USING AGILENT SUREPRINT G3 MOUSE GE V2 MICROARRAYS AND THE RETROTRANSPOSON LINE1-ORF2 EXPRESSION WAS ANALYSED USING QRT-PCR, AS A PROXY FOR A GLOBAL EVALUATION OF THE EPIGENETIC STATUS. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: COMPARED TO THE EMBRYOS MANIPULATED IN HC2 (N = 243), THOSE IN HC1 (N = 228) DEVELOPED SIGNIFICANTLY MORE OFTEN TO THE BLASTOCYST STAGE (55 VS 46%; P < 0.05). IT APPEARS THE EFFECT OF THESE PC STRIPPERS WAS NOT BPA-RELATED BECAUSE EMBRYOS PRE-EXPOSED TO BPA (HC3, N = 230) SHOWED NO DIFFERENCE IN THE BLASTOCYST RATE WHEN COMPARED TO HC2 (43 VS 46%). WHEN ANALYSING SAME-STAGE BLASTOCYSTS, WE NOTICED NO DIFFERENCE IN THE EMBRYO GENE EXPRESSION BETWEEN THE THREE HC GROUPS. LARGE SCALE DATA: HTTPS://WWW.NCBI.NLM.NIH.GOV/GEO/QUERY/ACC.CGI?ACC=GSE148868. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: OUR RESULTS USING A MOUSE MODEL DESIGNED TO MIMIC HUMAN CONDITIONS (OUTBRED STRAIN, HUMAN COMMERCIAL IVF DISHES AND A UNIQUE COMMERCIAL HUMAN EMBRYONIC CULTURE MEDIA) ARE REASSURING SINCE NO GENE WAS FOUND TO BE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED, INCLUDING LINE-1 GENES, AS A PROXY FOR A GLOBAL EVALUATION OF THE EPIGENETIC STATUS. HOWEVER, NO GLOBAL EPIGENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE GENOME HAS BEEN PERFORMED. FURTHERMORE, WE DID NOT EVALUATE POST-IMPLANTATION EVENTS, ALTHOUGH BPA EXPOSURE DURING PERI-CONCEPTION COULD AFFECT FOETO-PLACENTAL AND POST-NATAL DEVELOPMENT. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: BASED ON THE PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE, SEVERAL EUROPEAN COUNTRIES BANNED THE USE OF BPA IN BABY BOTTLES AND FOOD PACKAGING SEVERAL YEARS BEFORE EUROPEAN AGENCIES TOOK AN OFFICIAL POSITION. THE QUESTION OF APPLYING THIS PRINCIPLE TO PLASTICS IN CLOSED CONTACT WITH HUMAN EMBRYOS IS RAISED. FURTHER STUDIES ARE NEEDED FOR A DECISION TO BE MADE. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S): THIS STUDY WAS SUPPORTED BY A GRANT FROM THE AGENCE DE BIOMEDECINE (AOR 2016). THE AUTHORS DECLARE NO COMPETING INTEREST.	2021	
                                                                                        
17   418  45 ANCESTRAL EXPOSURE TO STRESS EPIGENETICALLY PROGRAMS PRETERM BIRTH RISK AND ADVERSE MATERNAL AND NEWBORN OUTCOMES. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC STRESS IS CONSIDERED TO BE ONE OF MANY CAUSES OF HUMAN PRETERM BIRTH (PTB), BUT NO DIRECT EVIDENCE HAS YET BEEN PROVIDED. HERE WE SHOW IN RATS THAT STRESS ACROSS GENERATIONS HAS DOWNSTREAM EFFECTS ON ENDOCRINE, METABOLIC AND BEHAVIOURAL MANIFESTATIONS OF PTB POSSIBLY VIA MICRORNA (MIRNA) REGULATION. METHODS: PREGNANT DAMS OF THE PARENTAL GENERATION WERE EXPOSED TO STRESS FROM GESTATIONAL DAYS 12 TO 18. THEIR PREGNANT DAUGHTERS (F1) AND GRAND-DAUGHTERS (F2) EITHER WERE STRESSED OR REMAINED AS NON-STRESSED CONTROLS. GESTATIONAL LENGTH, MATERNAL GESTATIONAL WEIGHT GAIN, BLOOD GLUCOSE AND PLASMA CORTICOSTERONE LEVELS, LITTER SIZE AND OFFSPRING WEIGHT GAIN FROM POSTNATAL DAYS 1 TO 30 WERE RECORDED IN EACH GENERATION, INCLUDING F3. MATERNAL BEHAVIOURS WERE ANALYSED FOR THE FIRST HOUR AFTER COMPLETED PARTURITION, AND OFFSPRING SENSORIMOTOR DEVELOPMENT WAS RECORDED ON POSTNATAL DAY (P) 7. F0 THROUGH F2 MATERNAL BRAIN FRONTAL CORTEX, UTERUS AND PLACENTA MIRNA AND GENE EXPRESSION PATTERNS WERE USED TO IDENTIFY STRESS-INDUCED EPIGENETIC REGULATORY PATHWAYS OF MATERNAL BEHAVIOUR AND PREGNANCY MAINTENANCE. RESULTS: PROGRESSIVELY UP TO THE F2 GENERATION, STRESS GRADUALLY REDUCED GESTATIONAL LENGTH, MATERNAL WEIGHT GAIN AND BEHAVIOURAL ACTIVITY, AND INCREASED BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS. REDUCED OFFSPRING GROWTH AND DELAYED BEHAVIOURAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE STRESS COHORT WAS RECOGNIZABLE AS EARLY AS P7, WITH THE GREATEST EFFECT IN THE F3 OFFSPRING OF TRANSGENERATIONALLY STRESSED MOTHERS. FURTHERMORE, STRESS ALTERED MIRNA EXPRESSION PATTERNS IN THE BRAIN AND UTERUS OF F2 MOTHERS, INCLUDING THE MIR-200 FAMILY, WHICH REGULATES PATHWAYS RELATED TO BRAIN PLASTICITY AND PARTURITION, RESPECTIVELY. MAIN MIR-200 FAMILY TARGET GENES IN THE UTERUS, STAT5B, ZEB1 AND ZEB2, WERE DOWNREGULATED BY MULTIGENERATIONAL STRESS IN THE F1 GENERATION. ZEB2 WAS ALSO REDUCED IN THE STRESSED F2 GENERATION, SUGGESTING A CAUSAL MECHANISM FOR DISTURBED PREGNANCY MAINTENANCE. ADDITIONALLY, STRESS INCREASED PLACENTAL MIR-181A, A MARKER OF HUMAN PTB. CONCLUSIONS: THE FINDINGS INDICATE THAT A FAMILY HISTORY OF STRESS MAY PROGRAM CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL PATHWAYS REGULATING GESTATIONAL LENGTH AND MATERNAL AND NEWBORN HEALTH OUTCOMES IN THE MATERNAL LINEAGE. THIS NEW PARADIGM MAY MODEL THE ORIGIN OF MANY HUMAN PTB CAUSES.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
18   520  37 ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN MATERNAL PRENATAL STRESS, METHYLATION CHANGES IN IGF1 AND IGF2, AND BIRTH WEIGHT. MATERNAL STRESS HAS BEEN LINKED TO LOW BIRTH WEIGHT IN NEWBORNS. ONE POTENTIAL PATHWAY INVOLVES EPIGENETIC CHANGES AT CANDIDATE GENES THAT MAY MEDIATE THE EFFECTS OF PRENATAL MATERNAL STRESS ON BIRTH WEIGHT. THIS RELATIONSHIP HAS BEEN DOCUMENTED IN STRESS-RELATED GENES, SUCH AS NR3C1. THERE IS LESS LITERATURE EXPLORING THE EFFECT OF STRESS ON GROWTH-RELATED GENES. IGF1 AND IGF2 HAVE BEEN IMPLICATED IN FETAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT, THOUGH VIA DIFFERENT MECHANISMS AS IGF2 IS UNDER IMPRINTING CONTROL. IN THIS STUDY, WE TESTED FOR ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN PRENATAL STRESS, METHYLATION OF IGF1 AND IGF2, AND BIRTH WEIGHT. A TOTAL OF 24 MOTHER-NEWBORN DYADS IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO WERE ENROLLED. ETHNOGRAPHIC INTERVIEWS WERE CONDUCTED WITH MOTHERS AT DELIVERY TO GATHER CULTURALLY RELEVANT WAR-RELATED AND CHRONIC STRESSORS. DNA METHYLATION DATA WERE GENERATED FROM MATERNAL VENOUS, CORD BLOOD AND PLACENTAL TISSUE SAMPLES. MULTIVARIATE REGRESSIONS WERE USED TO TEST FOR ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN STRESS MEASURES, DNA METHYLATION AND BIRTH WEIGHT IN EACH OF THE THREE TISSUE TYPES. WE FOUND AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN IGF2 METHYLATION IN MATERNAL BLOOD AND BIRTH WEIGHT. PREVIOUS LITERATURE ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IGF2 METHYLATION AND BIRTH WEIGHT HAS FOCUSED ON METHYLATION AT KNOWN DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS IN CORD BLOOD OR PLACENTAL SAMPLES. OUR FINDINGS INDICATE THERE MAY BE LINKS BETWEEN THE MATERNAL EPIGENOME AND LOW BIRTH WEIGHT THAT RELY ON MECHANISMS OUTSIDE KNOWN IMPRINTING PATHWAYS. IT THUS MAY BE IMPORTANT TO CONSIDER THE EFFECT OF MATERNAL EXPOSURES AND EPIGENETIC PROFILES ON BIRTH WEIGHT EVEN IN THE SETTING OF MATERNALLY IMPRINTED GENES SUCH AS IGF2.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
19  5093  55 PLACENTAS FROM PREGNANCIES CONCEIVED BY IVF/ICSI HAVE A REDUCED DNA METHYLATION LEVEL AT THE H19 AND MEST DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS. STUDY QUESTION: DOES IVF/ICSI HAVE AN EFFECT ON THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF THE HUMAN PLACENTA? SUMMARY ANSWER: WE FOUND A REDUCED DNA METHYLATION LEVEL AT THE H19 AND MEST DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS (DMRS), AND AN INCREASED RNA EXPRESSION OF H19 IN PLACENTAS FROM PREGNANCIES CONCEIVED BY IVF/ICSI WHEN COMPARED WITH PLACENTAS FROM SPONTANEOUS CONCEPTION. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: CHANGES IN FETAL ENVIRONMENT ARE ASSOCIATED WITH ADVERSE HEALTH OUTCOMES. THE PLACENTA IS PIVOTAL FOR INTRAUTERINE ENVIRONMENT. ANIMAL STUDIES SHOW THAT EPIGENETIC REGULATION PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THESE ENVIRONMENT-INDUCED PHENOTYPIC EFFECTS. ALSO, THE PREIMPLANTATION EMBRYO ENVIRONMENT AFFECTS BIRTHWEIGHT AS WELL AS THE RISK OF CHRONIC ADULT DISEASES. EPIGENETIC PROCESSES ARE SENSITIVE TO THE ENVIRONMENT, ESPECIALLY DURING THE PERIOD AROUND CONCEPTION. STUDY DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: PLACENTAL TISSUE WAS COLLECTED FROM 35 SPONTANEOUSLY CONCEIVED PREGNANCIES AND 35 IVF/ICSI (5 IVF, 30 ICSI) DERIVED PREGNANCIES. WE QUANTITATIVELY ANALYSED THE DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS OF A NUMBER OF CONSECUTIVE CPGS IN THE CORE REGIONS OF DMRS AND OTHER REGULATORY REGIONS OF IMPRINTED GENES, SINCE THESE ARE INVOLVED IN PLACENTAL AND FETAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. METHODS: BY USING PYROSEQUENCING, THE DNA METHYLATION AT SEVEN GERMLINE-DERIVED PRIMARY DMRS WAS ANALYSED QUANTITATIVELY. FIVE OF THESE ARE MATERNALLY METHYLATED (MEST ISOFORM ALPHA AND BETA, PEG3, KCNQ1OT1 AND SNRPN) AND TWO ARE PATERNALLY METHYLATED [H19 DMR AND THE INTERGENIC REGION BETWEEN DLK1 AND MEG3 (IG-DMR)]. THE POST-FERTILIZATION-DERIVED SECONDARY DMRS, IGF2 (DMR0 AND 2) AND IG-DMR (CG7, ALSO CALLED MEG3 DMR), AND THE MEG3 PROMOTER REGION WERE EXAMINED AS WELL. IN CASE OF DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION BETWEEN THE TWO GROUPS, THE EFFECT ON GENE EXPRESSION WAS ASSESSED BY QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME PCR. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: BOTH THE PROMOTER REGION OF MEST ISOFORM ALPHA AND BETA AND THE 6TH CTCF BINDING SITE WITHIN THE H19 DMR WERE SIGNIFICANTLY HYPOMETHYLATED IN THE IVF/ICSI GROUP. THE PHENOMENON WAS CONSISTENTLY OBSERVED OVER ALL CPG SITES ANALYSED AND NOT RESTRICTED TO SINGLE CPG SITES. THE OTHER PRIMARY AND SECONDARY DMRS WERE NOT AFFECTED. EXPRESSION OF H19 WAS INCREASED IN THE IVF/ICSI GROUP, WHILE THAT OF IGF2 AND MEST REMAINED SIMILAR. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: IN THE IVF/ICSI GROUP, MOSTLY ICSI PREGNANCIES WERE INVESTIGATED. THE ICSI TECHNIQUE OR MALE SUBFERTILITY COULD BE A CONFOUNDING FACTOR. THEREFORE, OUR RESULTS ARE LESS GENERALIZABLE TO IVF PREGNANCIES. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: THE CLINICAL EFFECTS OF THE OBSERVED PLACENTAL HYPOMETHYLATIONS ON THE DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAMMING OF THE IVF/ICSI PROGENY, IF ANY, ARE AS YET UNKNOWN. WHETHER THE HYPOMETHYLATION IS AN ADAPTATION OF THE PLACENTA TO MAINTAIN FETAL SUPPLY AND AMELIORATE THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CUES, OR WHETHER IT IS A DEREGULATION LEADING TO DERANGED DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAMMING WITH OR WITHOUT INCREASED VULNERABILITY FOR DISEASE, CONSISTENT WITH THE DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGINS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE HYPOTHESIS, NEEDS FURTHER INVESTIGATION. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S): PARTLY FUNDED BY AN UNRESTRICTED RESEARCH GRANT BY ORGANON BV (NOW MSD BV) WITHOUT ANY ROLE IN STUDY DESIGN, DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS, OR PREPARATION OF THE MANUSCRIPT. NO CONFLICT OF INTERESTS TO DECLARE. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: DUTCH TRIAL REGISTRY (NTR) NUMBER 1298.	2013	

20  1784  39 EFFECT OF ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION ON CPG METHYLATION IN THE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS OF H19 AND IG-DMR IN MALE GAMETES: IMPLICATIONS FOR FETAL ALCOHOL SPECTRUM DISORDERS. BACKGROUND: EXPOSURE TO ALCOHOL IN UTERO IS THE MAIN ATTRIBUTABLE CAUSE OF FETAL ALCOHOL SPECTRUM DISORDERS (FASD) WHICH IN ITS MOST SEVERE FORM IS CHARACTERIZED BY IRREVERSIBLE BEHAVIORAL AND COGNITIVE DISABILITY. PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION DRINKING IS NOT CONSIDERED TO BE A SIGNIFICANT RISK FACTOR, EVEN THOUGH ANIMAL STUDIES HAVE DEMONSTRATED THAT CHRONIC PATERNAL ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION HAS A DETRIMENTAL EFFECT ON THE PHYSICAL AND MENTAL DEVELOPMENT OF OFFSPRING EVEN IN THE ABSENCE OF IN UTERO ALCOHOL EXPOSURE. IT HAS BEEN DOCUMENTED THAT ALCOHOL CAN REDUCE THE LEVELS AND ACTIVITY OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES RESULTING IN DNA HYPOMETHYLATION AND THAT REDUCED METHYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY CAN CAUSE ACTIVATION OF NORMALLY SILENCED GENES. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO ESTABLISH A LINK BETWEEN ALCOHOL USE IN MEN AND HYPOMETHYLATION OF PATERNALLY IMPRINTED LOCI IN SPERM DNA IN GENOMIC REGIONS CRITICAL FOR EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT, THUS PROVIDING A MECHANISM FOR PATERNAL EFFECTS IN THE AETIOLOGY OF FASD. METHODS: SPERM DNA FROM MALE VOLUNTEERS WAS BISULFITE TREATED AND THE METHYLATION PATTERNS OF 2 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS (DMRS), H19 AND IG-DMR, ANALYZED FOLLOWING SEQUENCING OF INDIVIDUAL CLONES. THE METHYLATION PATTERNS WERE CORRELATED WITH THE ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION LEVELS OF THE VOLUNTEER MALES. RESULTS: THERE WAS A PATTERN OF INCREASED DEMETHYLATION WITH ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AT THE 2 IMPRINTED LOCI WITH A SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE OBSERVED AT THE IG-DMR BETWEEN THE NONDRINKING AND HEAVY ALCOHOL CONSUMING GROUPS. GREATER INTER-INDIVIDUAL VARIATION IN AVERAGE METHYLATION WAS OBSERVED AT THE H19 DMR AND INDIVIDUAL CLONES WERE MORE EXTENSIVELY DEMETHYLATED THAN THOSE OF THE IG-DMR. CPG SITE #4 IN THE IG-DMR WAS PREFERENTIALLY DEMETHYLATED AMONG ALL INDIVIDUALS AND ALONG WITH THE H19 DMR CPG SITE #7 LOCATED WITHIN THE CTCF BINDING SITE 6 SHOWED SIGNIFICANT DEMETHYLATION IN THE ALCOHOL CONSUMING GROUPS COMPARED WITH THE CONTROL GROUP. CONCLUSION: THIS STUDY DEMONSTRATES A CORRELATION BETWEEN CHRONIC ALCOHOL USE AND DEMETHYLATION OF NORMALLY HYPERMETHYLATED IMPRINTED REGIONS IN SPERM DNA. WE HYPOTHESIZE THAT, SHOULD THESE EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN IMPRINTED GENES BE TRANSMITTED THROUGH FERTILIZATION, THEY WOULD ALTER THE CRITICAL GENE EXPRESSION DOSAGES REQUIRED FOR NORMAL PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT RESULTING IN OFFSPRING WITH FEATURES OF FASD.	2009