1  6917 80 [WHOSE BORDERLINE IS IT? HYPOTHESIZED ETIOLOGIES OF BORDERLINE PERSONALITY]. BORDERLINE PERSONALITY IS A WELL KNOWN CONCEPT IN PSYCHIATRIC LITERATURE, HOWEVER, NOT FULLY UNDERSTOOD AS TO ITS VERY NATURE. THIS ARTICLE PRESENTS A SHORT REVIEW OF HYPOTHESIZED ETIOLOGIES OF THE BORDERLINE PERSONALITY, STARTING WITH SO CALLED TRADITIONAL THEORIES, NAMELY, BORDERLINE PERSONALITY AS A CONSOLIDATED PERSONALITY ORGANIZATION, IN WHICH THE PATIENT PATHOLOGICALLY DEALS WITH HIS OR HER INNER AGGRESSION, OR WITH AN ENDURING DEVELOPMENTAL FAILURE. MORE MODERN HYPOTHESES FOCUS ON POSSIBLE CHILDHOOD SEXUAL ABUSE AS THE ORIGIN OF THE BORDERLINE, VIEWING THE ADULT PERSONALITY AS A CHRONIC, UNRESOLVED, POST-TRAUMATIC DISORDER. ADDITIONALLY, A NEURO-EPIGENETIC VIEW HYPOTHESIZED THAT A UNIQUE CONGENITAL NEUROLOGICAL STRUCTURE INTERACTS WITH CONSEQUENTIAL EVENTS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD TO CREATE THE BORDERLINE PERSONALITY.	2008	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
2  3520 16 IGLV3-21R110 IDENTIFIES AN AGGRESSIVE BIOLOGICAL SUBTYPE OF CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA WITH INTERMEDIATE EPIGENETICS. B-CELL RECEPTOR (BCR) SIGNALING IS CRUCIAL FOR CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL) BIOLOGY. IGLV3-21-EXPRESSING B CELLS MAY ACQUIRE A SINGLE POINT MUTATION (R110) THAT TRIGGERS AUTONOMOUS BCR SIGNALING, CONFERRING AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR. EPIGENETIC STUDIES HAVE DEFINED 3 CLL SUBTYPES BASED ON METHYLATION SIGNATURES REMINISCENT OF NAIVE-LIKE (N-CLL), INTERMEDIATE (I-CLL), AND MEMORY-LIKE (M-CLL) B CELLS WITH DIFFERENT BIOLOGICAL FEATURES. I-CLL CARRIES A BORDERLINE IGHV MUTATIONAL LOAD AND SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER USE OF IGHV3-21/IGLV3-21. TO DETERMINE THE CLINICAL AND BIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF IGLV3-21R110 CLL AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THESE EPIGENETIC SUBTYPES, WE CHARACTERIZED THE IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENE OF 584 CLL CASES USING WHOLE-GENOME/EXOME AND RNA SEQUENCING. IGLV3-21R110 WAS DETECTED IN 6.5% OF CASES: 30 (38%) OF 79 I-CLLS, 5 (1.7%) OF 291 M-CLLS, AND 1 (0.5%) OF 189 N-CLLS. ALL STEREOTYPE SUBSET 2 CASES CARRIED IGLV3-21R110, WHEREAS 62% OF IGLV3-21R110 I-CLL CASES HAD NONSTEREOTYPED BCR IMMUNOGLOBULINS. IGLV3-21R110 I-CLL HAD A SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER NUMBER OF SF3B1 AND ATM MUTATIONS AND TOTAL NUMBER OF DRIVER ALTERATIONS. HOWEVER, THE R110 MUTATION WAS THE SOLE ALTERATION IN 1 I-CLL AND WAS ACCOMPANIED ONLY BY DEL(13Q) IN 3. ALTHOUGH IGHV MUTATIONAL STATUS VARIED, IGLV3-21R110 I-CLL TRANSCRIPTOMICALLY RESEMBLED N-CLL/UNMUTATED IGHV CLL WITH A SPECIFIC SIGNATURE INCLUDING WNT5A/B OVEREXPRESSION. IN CONTRAST, I-CLL LACKING IGLV3-21R110 MIRRORED M-CLL/MUTATED IGHV. PATIENTS WITH IGLV3-21R110 I-CLL HAD A SHORT TIME TO FIRST TREATMENT AND OVERALL SURVIVAL SIMILAR TO THOSE OF N-CLL/UNMUTATED IGHV PATIENTS, WHEREAS PATIENTS WITH NON-IGLV3-21R110 I-CLL HAD A GOOD PROGNOSIS SIMILAR TO THAT OF PATIENTS WITH M-CLL/MUTATED IGHV. IGLV3-21R110 DEFINES A CLL SUBGROUP WITH SPECIFIC BIOLOGICAL FEATURES AND AN UNFAVORABLE PROGNOSIS INDEPENDENT OF IGHV MUTATIONAL STATUS AND EPIGENETIC SUBTYPE.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
3  5243 15 PROGNOSTIC IMPACT OF EPIGENETIC CLASSIFICATION IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA: THE CASE OF SUBSET #2. BASED ON THE METHYLATION STATUS OF 5 SINGLE CPG SITES, A NOVEL EPIGENETIC CLASSIFICATION OF CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL) WAS RECENTLY PROPOSED, CLASSIFYING CLL PATIENTS INTO 3 CLINICO-BIOLOGICAL SUBGROUPS WITH DIFFERENT OUTCOME, TERMED MEMORY LIKE CLL (M-CLL), NAIVE LIKE CLL (N-CLL), AND A THIRD INTERMEDIATE CLL SUBGROUP (I-CLL). WHILE M-CLL AND N-CLL PATIENTS AT LARGE CORRESPONDED TO PATIENTS CARRYING MUTATED AND UNMUTATED IGHV GENES, RESPECTIVELY, LIMITED INFORMATION EXISTS REGARDING THE LESS DEFINED I-CLL GROUP. USING PYROSEQUENCING, WE INVESTIGATED THE PROGNOSTIC IMPACT OF THE PROPOSED 5 CPG SIGNATURE IN A WELL-CHARACTERIZED CLL COHORT (135 CASES), INCLUDING IGHV-MUTATED AND UNMUTATED PATIENTS AS WELL AS CLINICALLY AGGRESSIVE STEREOTYPED SUBSET #2 PATIENTS. OVERALL, WE CONFIRMED THE SIGNATURE'S ASSOCIATION WITH ESTABLISHED PROGNOSTIC MARKERS. MOREOVER, IN THE PRESENCE OF THE IGHV MUTATIONAL STATUS, THE EPIGENETIC SIGNATURE REMAINED INDEPENDENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH BOTH TIME-TO-FIRST-TREATMENT AND OVERALL SURVIVAL IN MULTIVARIATE ANALYSES. AS A PRIME FINDING, WE OBSERVED THAT SUBSET #2 PATIENTS WERE PREDOMINANTLY CLASSIFIED AS I-CLL, PROBABLY REFLECTING THEIR BORDERLINE IGHV MUTATIONAL STATUS (97-99% GERMLINE IDENTITY), THOUGH HAVING A SIMILARLY POOR PROGNOSIS AS N-CLL PATIENTS. IN SUMMARY, WE VALIDATED THE EPIGENETIC CLASSIFIER AS AN INDEPENDENT FACTOR IN CLL PROGNOSTICATION AND PROVIDE FURTHER EVIDENCE THAT SUBSET #2 IS A MEMBER OF THE I-CLL GROUP, HENCE SUPPORTING THE EXISTENCE OF A THIRD, INTERMEDIATE EPIGENETIC SUBGROUP.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
4  1062 11 CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF DNA METHYLATION IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA PATIENTS: RESULTS FROM 3 UK CLINICAL TRIALS. CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA PATIENTS WITH MUTATED IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY-CHAIN GENES (IGHV-M), PARTICULARLY THOSE LACKING POOR-RISK GENOMIC LESIONS, OFTEN RESPOND WELL TO CHEMOIMMUNOTHERAPY (CIT). DNA METHYLATION PROFILING CAN SUBDIVIDE EARLY-STAGE PATIENTS INTO NAIVE B-CELL-LIKE CLL (N-CLL), MEMORY B-CELL-LIKE CLL (M-CLL), AND INTERMEDIATE CLL (I-CLL), WITH DIFFERING TIMES TO FIRST TREATMENT AND OVERALL SURVIVAL. HOWEVER, WHETHER DNA METHYLATION CAN IDENTIFY PATIENTS DESTINED TO RESPOND FAVORABLY TO CIT HAS NOT BEEN ASCERTAINED. WE CLASSIFIED TREATMENT-NAIVE PATIENTS (N = 605) FROM 3 UK CHEMO AND CIT CLINICAL TRIALS INTO THE 3 EPIGENETIC SUBGROUPS, USING PYROSEQUENCING AND MICROARRAY ANALYSIS, AND PERFORMED EXPANSIVE SURVIVAL ANALYSIS. THE N-CLL, I-CLL, AND M-CLL SIGNATURES WERE FOUND IN 80% (N = 245/305), 17% (53/305), AND 2% (7/305) OF IGHV-UNMUTATED (IGHV-U) CASES, RESPECTIVELY, AND IN 9%, (19/216), 50% (108/216), AND 41% (89/216) OF IGHV-M CASES, RESPECTIVELY. MULTIVARIATE COX PROPORTIONAL ANALYSIS IDENTIFIED M-CLL AS AN INDEPENDENT PROGNOSTIC FACTOR FOR OVERALL SURVIVAL (HAZARD RATIO [HR], 0.46; 95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL [CI], 0.24-0.87; P = .018) IN CLL4, AND FOR PROGRESSION-FREE SURVIVAL (HR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.10-0.57; P = .002) IN ARCTIC AND ADMIRE PATIENTS. THE ANALYSIS OF EPIGENETIC SUBGROUPS IN PATIENTS ENTERED INTO 3 FIRST-LINE UK CLL TRIALS IDENTIFIES M-CLL AS AN INDEPENDENT MARKER OF PROLONGED SURVIVAL AND MAY AID IN THE IDENTIFICATION OF PATIENTS DESTINED TO DEMONSTRATE PROLONGED SURVIVAL AFTER CIT.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
5  2678 13 EVALUATION OF A PROGNOSTIC EPIGENETIC CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA PATIENTS. BACKGROUND: METHYLATION AT 5 CPG SITES WAS PREVIOUSLY SHOWN TO CLASSIFY CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL) INTO 3 PROGNOSTIC SUBGROUPS. HERE, WE AIMED TO VALIDATE THE MARKER SET IN AN ADDITIONAL COHORT AND TO EVALUATE ITS CLINICAL UTILITY FOR CLL PATIENT STRATIFICATION. METHODS: WE EVALUATED THIS EPIGENETIC MARKER SET IN 79 GERMAN PATIENTS USING BISULFITE TREATMENT FOLLOWED BY PYROSEQUENCING AND CLASSIFICATION USING A SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE-LEARNING TOOL. RESULTS: THE N-CLL, I-CLL, AND M-CLL CLASSIFICATION WAS DETECTED IN 28 (35%), 10 (13%), AND 41 (51%) PATIENTS, RESPECTIVELY. EPIGENETIC GROUPING WAS ASSOCIATED WITH IGHV MUTATIONAL STATUS (P = 2 X 10(-12)), ISOLATED DEL13Q (P = 9 X 10(-6)), DEL17P (P = .015), COMPLEX KARYOTYPE (P = .005), VH-USAGE, AND CLINICAL OUTCOME AS TIME TO FIRST TREATMENT (P = 1.4 X 10(-12)) AND OVERALL SURVIVAL (P = .003). MULTIVARIATE COX REGRESSION ANALYSIS IDENTIFIED N-CLL AS A FACTOR FOR EARLIER TREATMENT HAZARD RATIO (HR), 6.3 (95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL [CI] 2.4-16.4; P = .0002) COMPARED TO IGHV MUTATIONAL STATUS (HR 4.6, 95% CI 1.9-11.3, P = .0008). IN ADDITION, WHEN COMPARING THE PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF THE EPIGENETIC CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM WITH THE IGHV CLASSIFICATION, EPIGENETIC GROUPING PERFORMED BETTER COMPARED TO IGHV MUTATIONAL STATUS USING KAPLAN-MEIER ESTIMATION AND ALLOWED THE IDENTIFICATION OF A THIRD, INTERMEDIATE (I-CLL) GROUP. THUS, OUR STUDY CONFIRMED THE PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF THE EPIGENETIC MARKER SET FOR PATIENT STRATIFICATION IN ROUTINE CLINICAL DIAGNOSTICS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
6  5728 12 SLEEP QUALITY AND METHYLATION STATUS OF SELECTED TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES AMONG NURSES AND MIDWIVES. CHRONIC SLEEP RESTRICTION MAY AFFECT METABOLISM, HORMONE SECRETION PATTERNS AND INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES. LIMITED REPORTS SUGGEST ALSO EPIGENETIC EFFECTS, SUCH AS CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION PROFILES. THE STUDY AIMS TO ASSESS THE POTENTIAL ASSOCIATION BETWEEN POOR SLEEP QUALITY OR SLEEP DURATION AND THE LEVELS OF 5-METHYLCYTOSINE IN THE PROMOTER REGIONS OF SELECTED TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY WAS CONDUCTED ON 710 NURSES AND MIDWIVES AGED 40-60 YEARS. DATA FROM INTERVIEWS REGARDING SLEEP HABITS AND POTENTIAL CONFOUNDERS WERE USED. THE METHYLATION STATUS OF TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES WAS DETERMINED VIA QMSP REACTIONS USING DNA SAMPLES DERIVED FROM LEUCOCYTES. NO SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS WERE OBSERVED IN THE TOTAL STUDY POPULATION OR IN THE TWO SUBGROUPS OF WOMEN STRATIFIED BY THE CURRENT SYSTEM OF WORK. A BORDERLINE SIGNIFICANCE ASSOCIATION WAS OBSERVED BETWEEN A SHORTER DURATION OF SLEEP AND AN INCREASED METHYLATION LEVEL IN CDKN2A AMONG DAY WORKING NURSES AND MIDWIVES. FURTHER STUDIES ARE WARRANTED TO EXPLORE THIS UNDER-INVESTIGATED TOPIC.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
7  5727 16 SLEEP QUALITY AND METHYLATION STATUS OF CORE CIRCADIAN RHYTHM GENES AMONG NURSES AND MIDWIVES. ABSTARCT POOR SLEEP QUALITY OR SLEEP RESTRICTION IS ASSOCIATED WITH SLEEPINESS AND CONCENTRATION PROBLEMS. MOREOVER, CHRONIC SLEEP RESTRICTION MAY AFFECT METABOLISM, HORMONE SECRETION PATTERNS AND INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES. LIMITED RECENT REPORTS SUGGEST A POTENTIAL LINK BETWEEN SLEEP DEPRIVATION AND EPIGENETIC EFFECTS SUCH AS CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION PROFILES. THE AIM OF THE PRESENT STUDY WAS TO ASSESS THE POTENTIAL ASSOCIATION BETWEEN POOR SLEEP QUALITY OR SLEEP DURATION AND THE LEVELS OF 5-METHYLCYTOSINE IN THE PROMOTER REGIONS OF PER1, PER2, PER3, BMAL1, CLOCK, CRY1 CRY2 AND NPAS2 GENES, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT ROTATING NIGHT WORK AND CHRONOTYPE AS POTENTIAL CONFOUNDERS OR MODIFIERS. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY WAS CONDUCTED ON 710 NURSES AND MIDWIVES (347 WORKING ON ROTATING NIGHTS AND 363 WORKING ONLY DURING THE DAY) AGED 40-60 YEARS. DATA FROM IN-PERSON INTERVIEWS ABOUT SLEEP QUALITY, CHRONOTYPE AND POTENTIAL CONFOUNDERS WERE USED. SLEEP QUALITY AND CHRONOTYPE WERE ASSESSED USING PITTSBURGH SLEEP QUALITY QUESTIONNAIRE (PSQI) AND MORNINGNESS-EVENINGNESS QUESTIONNAIRE (MEQ), RESPECTIVELY. MORNING BLOOD SAMPLES WERE COLLECTED. THE METHYLATION STATUS OF THE CIRCADIAN RHYTHM GENES WAS DETERMINED VIA QUANTITATIVE METHYLATION-SPECIFIC REAL-TIME PCR ASSAYS (QMSP) REACTIONS USING DNA SAMPLES DERIVED FROM LEUCOCYTES. THE PROPORTIONAL ODDS REGRESSION MODEL WAS FITTED TO QUANTIFY THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN METHYLATION INDEX (MI) AS THE DEPENDENT VARIABLE AND SLEEP QUALITY OR SLEEP DURATION AS THE EXPLANATORY VARIABLE. ANALYSES WERE CARRIED OUT FOR THE TOTAL POPULATION AS WELL AS FOR SUBGROUPS OF WOMEN STRATIFIED BY THE CURRENT SYSTEM OF WORK (ROTATING NIGHT SHIFT/DAY WORK) AND CHRONOTYPE (MORNING TYPE/INTERMEDIATE TYPE/EVENING TYPE). A POTENTIAL MODIFYING EFFECT OF THE SYSTEM OF WORK OR THE CHRONOTYPE WAS EXAMINED USING THE LIKELIHOOD RATIO TEST. NO SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS WERE OBSERVED IN THE TOTAL STUDY POPULATION. SUBGROUP ANALYSES REVEALED TWO STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN A SHORTER SLEEP DURATION AND 1) METHYLATION LEVEL IN PER2 AMONG DAY WORKERS, ESPECIALLY THOSE WITH THE MORNING CHRONOTYPE (OR = 2.31, 95%CI:1.24-4.33), AND 2) METHYLATION LEVEL IN CRY2 AMONG SUBJECTS WITH THE INTERMEDIATE CHRONOTYPE, PARTICULARLY AMONG DAY WORKERS (OR = 0.52, 95%CI:0.28-0.96). THE STUDY RESULTS DEMONSTRATED A POSITIVE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN AVERAGE SLEEP DURATION OF LESS THAN 6 HOURS AND THE METHYLATION LEVEL OF PER2 AMONG MORNING CHRONOTYPE SUBJECTS, AND AN INVERSE ASSOCIATION FOR CRY2 AMONG INTERMEDIATE CHRONOTYPE SUBJECTS, BUT ONLY AMONG DAY WORKERS. BOTH THE SYSTEM OF WORK AND THE CHRONOTYPE TURNED OUT TO BE IMPORTANT CONFOUNDERS AND MODIFIERS IN A NUMBER OF ANALYSES, MAKING IT NECESSARY TO CONSIDER THEM AS POTENTIAL COVARIATES IN FUTURE RESEARCH ON SLEEP DEFICIENCY OUTCOMES. FURTHER STUDIES ARE WARRANTED TO EXPLORE THIS UNDER-INVESTIGATED TOPIC.	2017	

8  6062 19 THE DEVELOPMENTAL BASIS OF EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF HTR2A AND PSYCHIATRIC OUTCOMES. THE SEROTONIN RECEPTOR 5-HT2A (ENCODED BY HTR2A) IS AN IMPORTANT REGULATOR OF FETAL BRAIN DEVELOPMENT AND ADULT COGNITIVE FUNCTION. ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNALS THAT INDUCE EPIGENETIC CHANGES OF SEROTONIN RESPONSE GENES, INCLUDING HTR2A, HAVE BEEN IMPLICATED IN ADVERSE MENTAL HEALTH OUTCOMES. THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS PERSPECTIVE ARTICLE IS TO ADDRESS THE MEDICAL IMPLICATIONS OF HTR2A EPIGENETIC REGULATION, WHICH HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH BOTH INFANT NEUROBEHAVIORAL OUTCOMES AND ADULT MENTAL HEALTH. ONGOING RESEARCH HAS IDENTIFIED A REGION OF THE HTR2A PROMOTER THAT HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH A NUMBER OF MEDICAL OUTCOMES IN ADULTS AND INFANTS, INCLUDING BIPOLAR DISORDER, SCHIZOPHRENIA, CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME, BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER, SUICIDALITY, AND NEUROBEHAVIORAL OUTCOMES. EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF HTR2A HAS BEEN STUDIED IN SEVERAL DIFFERENT TYPES OF TISSUES, INCLUDING THE PLACENTA. THE PLACENTA IS AN IMPORTANT SOURCE OF SEROTONIN DURING FETAL NEURODEVELOPMENT, AND PLACENTAL EPIGENETIC VARIATION OF HTR2A HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH INFANT NEUROBEHAVIORAL OUTCOMES, WHICH MAY REPRESENT THE BASIS OF ADULT MENTAL HEALTH DISORDERS. FURTHER ANALYSIS IS NEEDED TO IDENTIFY INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC FACTORS THAT MODULATE HTR2A METHYLATION, AND THE MECHANISM BY WHICH THIS EPIGENETIC VARIATION INFLUENCES FETAL GROWTH AND LEADS TO ALTERED BRAIN DEVELOPMENT, MANIFESTING IN PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
9  2850 26 FROM CHILD ABUSE TO DEVELOPING BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER INTO ADULTHOOD: EXPLORING THE NEUROMORPHOLOGICAL AND EPIGENETIC PATHWAY. BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER (BPD) IS ONE OF THE MOST COMMON PERSONALITY DISORDERS SEEN IN THE GENERAL POPULATION. AMONG MULTIPLE IDENTIFIED RISK FACTORS, ONE OF THE MOST INFLUENTIAL ELEMENTS IS EXPOSURE TO AN ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCE IN TERMS OF EMOTIONAL, PHYSICAL, OR SEXUAL ABUSE. A CASCADE OF NEUROMORPHOLOGICAL AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES OCCURS IN RESPONSE TO THESE CHILDHOOD STRESSORS, WHICH MAY HAVE A STRONG LINK TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF BPD. PUBMED AND GOOGLE SCHOLAR WERE SEARCHED FOR ARTICLES RELEVANT TO CHILD ABUSE AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF BPD. THE SEARCH WAS NOT RESTRICTED TO ANY TIME FRAME OR GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION. SIGNIFICANT EPIGENETIC AND NEUROMORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES ARE SEEN WITH CHILD ABUSE, CONTRIBUTING TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF BPD. CHRONIC STRESSORS LEAD TO HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY AXIS (HPA) ACTIVATION, RELEASING CORTISOL THAT ACTS ON THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX, AMYGDALA, AND HIPPOCAMPUS, PRODUCING THE BEHAVIORAL PATTERNS SEEN IN BPD. OVERSTIMULATION OF GRAY MATTER LEADS TO PERMANENT NEUROMORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES, WHICH CAN BE VISUALIZED IN FUNCTIONAL MRI/BRAIN SCANS. HYPERMETHYLATION OF MESSENGER RIBONUCLEIC ACID IN VARIOUS SITES SUGGESTS THE IMPACT OF CHILD ABUSE ON THE GENETIC LEVEL. INTERESTINGLY, THE PREVALENCE OF BPD IS SEEN EQUALLY IN BOTH GENDERS BUT IS DIAGNOSED MORE FREQUENTLY IN FEMALES BECAUSE THEY TEND TO BE MORE LIKELY TO SEEK HELP. UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF EARLY AGE LIFE STRESSORS INTO ADULTHOOD CALLS FOR SERIOUS FOCUS ON EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND INTERVENTION. THIS IMPLIES THE NEED FOR MORE STUDIES IN PATIENTS WITH BPD WITH OR WITHOUT ANY CHILDHOOD TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCE AND A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE CHANGES THAT OCCUR BIOPSYCHOLOGICALLY AND GENETICALLY IN RESPONSE TO TRAUMA.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
10    27 14 A B-CELL EPIGENETIC SIGNATURE DEFINES THREE BIOLOGIC SUBGROUPS OF CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA WITH CLINICAL IMPACT. PROSPECTIVE IDENTIFICATION OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL) DESTINED TO PROGRESS WOULD GREATLY FACILITATE THEIR CLINICAL MANAGEMENT. RECENTLY, WHOLE-GENOME DNA METHYLATION ANALYSES IDENTIFIED THREE CLINICOBIOLOGIC CLL SUBGROUPS WITH AN EPIGENETIC SIGNATURE RELATED TO DIFFERENT NORMAL B-CELL COUNTERPARTS. HERE, WE DEVELOPED A CLINICALLY APPLICABLE METHOD TO IDENTIFY THESE SUBGROUPS AND TO STUDY THEIR CLINICAL RELEVANCE. USING A SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE APPROACH, WE BUILT A PREDICTION MODEL USING FIVE EPIGENETIC BIOMARKERS THAT WAS ABLE TO CLASSIFY CLL PATIENTS ACCURATELY INTO THE THREE SUBGROUPS, NAMELY NAIVE B-CELL-LIKE, INTERMEDIATE AND MEMORY B-CELL-LIKE CLL. DNA METHYLATION WAS QUANTIFIED BY HIGHLY REPRODUCIBLE BISULFITE PYROSEQUENCING ASSAYS IN TWO INDEPENDENT CLL SERIES. IN THE INITIAL SERIES (N=211), THE THREE SUBGROUPS SHOWED DIFFERENTIAL LEVELS OF IGHV (IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY-CHAIN LOCUS) MUTATION (P<0.001) AND VH USAGE (P<0.03), AS WELL AS DIFFERENT CLINICAL FEATURES AND OUTCOME IN TERMS OF TIME TO FIRST TREATMENT (TTT) AND OVERALL SURVIVAL (P<0.001). A MULTIVARIATE COX MODEL SHOWED THAT EPIGENETIC CLASSIFICATION WAS THE STRONGEST PREDICTOR OF TTT (P<0.001) ALONG WITH BINET STAGE (P<0.001). THESE FINDINGS WERE CORROBORATED IN A VALIDATION SERIES (N=97). IN THIS STUDY, WE DEVELOPED A SIMPLE AND ROBUST METHOD USING EPIGENETIC BIOMARKERS TO CATEGORIZE CLLS INTO THREE SUBGROUPS WITH DIFFERENT CLINICOBIOLOGIC FEATURES AND OUTCOME.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
11  3071 16 GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION PROFILING INTEGRATED WITH GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING IDENTIFIES PAX9 AS A NOVEL PROGNOSTIC MARKER IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. BACKGROUND: IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL), EPIGENOMIC AND GENOMIC STUDIES HAVE EXPANDED THE EXISTING KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE DISEASE BIOLOGY AND LED TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS RELEVANT FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE. IN THIS STUDY, AN ATTEMPT HAS BEEN MADE TO EXAMINE AND INTEGRATE THE GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION CHANGES WITH GENE EXPRESSION PROFILE AND THEIR IMPACT ON CLINICAL OUTCOME IN EARLY STAGE CLL PATIENTS. RESULTS: THE INTEGRATION OF DNA METHYLATION PROFILE (N = 14) WITH THE GENE EXPRESSION PROFILE (N = 21) REVEALED 142 GENES AS HYPERMETHYLATED-DOWNREGULATED AND; 62 GENES AS HYPOMETHYLATED-UPREGULATED IN EARLY STAGE CLL PATIENTS COMPARED TO CD19+ B-CELLS FROM HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS. THE MRNA EXPRESSION LEVELS OF 17 GENES IDENTIFIED TO BE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED AND/OR DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED WAS FURTHER EXAMINED IN EARLY STAGE CLL PATIENTS (N = 93) BY QUANTITATIVE REAL TIME PCR (RQ-PCR). SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES WERE OBSERVED IN THE MRNA EXPRESSION OF MEIS1, PMEPA1, SOX7, SPRY1, CDK6, TBX2, AND SPRY2 GENES IN CLL CELLS AS COMPARED TO B-CELLS FROM HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS. THE ANALYSIS IN THE IGHV MUTATION BASED CATEGORIES (UNMUTATED = 39, MUTATED = 54) REVEALED SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER MRNA EXPRESSION OF CRY1 AND PAX9 GENES IN THE IGHV UNMUTATED SUBGROUP (P < 0.001). THE RELATIVE RISK OF TREATMENT INITIATION WAS SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER AMONG PATIENTS WITH HIGH EXPRESSION OF CRY1 (RR = 1.91, P = 0.005) OR PAX9 (RR = 1.87, P = 0.001). HIGH EXPRESSION OF CRY1 (HR: 3.53, P < 0.001) OR PAX9 (HR: 3.14, P < 0.001) GENE WAS SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH SHORTER TIME TO FIRST TREATMENT. THE HIGH EXPRESSION OF PAX9 GENE (HR: 3.29, 95% CI 1.172-9.272, P = 0.016) WAS ALSO PREDICTIVE OF SHORTER OVERALL SURVIVAL IN CLL. CONCLUSIONS: THE DNA METHYLATION CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH MRNA EXPRESSION OF CRY1 AND PAX9 GENES ALLOW RISK STRATIFICATION OF EARLY STAGE CLL PATIENTS. THIS COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS SUPPORTS THE CONCEPT THAT THE EPIGENETIC CHANGES ALONG WITH THE ALTERED EXPRESSION OF GENES HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO PREDICT CLINICAL OUTCOME IN EARLY STAGE CLL PATIENTS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
12  5070 13 PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, TELEVISION VIEWING TIME, AND DNA METHYLATION IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD. INTRODUCTION: PHYSICAL ACTIVITY MAY AFFECT HEALTH VIA DNA METHYLATION. THE EPIGENETIC INFLUENCES OF SEDENTARY BEHAVIORS SUCH AS TELEVISION VIEWING ARE UNKNOWN. WE PERFORMED A GENOMEWIDE STUDY OF DNA METHYLATION IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD IN RELATION TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND TELEVISION VIEWING TIME. METHODS: DNA METHYLATION WAS MEASURED USING THE ILLUMINA INFINIUM HUMANMETHYLATION450K BEADCHIP ARRAY IN BLOOD SAMPLES COLLECTED AT BASELINE (N = 5513) AND FOLLOW-UP (N = 1249) FROM PARTICIPANTS IN THE MELBOURNE COLLABORATIVE COHORT STUDY. AT BASELINE, TIMES PER WEEK OF LEISURE-TIME PHYSICAL ACTIVITY WERE SELF-REPORTED. AT FOLLOW-UP, THE INTERNATIONAL PHYSICAL ACTIVITY QUESTIONNAIRE WAS USED TO ASSESS MET-HOURS PER WEEK OF TOTAL AND LEISURE-TIME PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND HOURS PER DAY OF TELEVISION VIEWING TIME. LINEAR MIXED MODELS WERE USED TO ASSESS ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND TELEVISION VIEWING MEASURES AND DNA METHYLATION AT INDIVIDUAL CPG SITES, ADJUSTED FOR POTENTIAL CONFOUNDERS AND BATCH EFFECTS. RESULTS: AT FOLLOW-UP, TOTAL PHYSICAL ACTIVITY WAS ASSOCIATED WITH DNA METHYLATION AT CG10266336 (P = 6.0 X 10), ANNOTATED TO THE SAA2 GENE. WEAKER EVIDENCE OF ASSOCIATIONS (P < 1.0 X 10) WERE OBSERVED FOR AN ADDITIONAL 14 CPG SITES WITH TOTAL PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, FOR 7 CPG SITES WITH LEISURE-TIME PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, AND FOR 9 CPG SITES WITH TELEVISION VIEWING TIME. CHANGES IN LEISURE-TIME PHYSICAL ACTIVITY BETWEEN BASELINE AND FOLLOW-UP WERE ASSOCIATED WITH METHYLATION CHANGES (P < 0.05) AT FOUR OF THE SEVEN CPG SITES WITH WEAKER EVIDENCE OF CROSS-SECTIONAL ASSOCIATIONS WITH LEISURE-TIME PHYSICAL ACTIVITY. CONCLUSION: PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND TELEVISION VIEWING MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH BLOOD DNA METHYLATION, A POTENTIAL PATHWAY TO CHRONIC DISEASE DEVELOPMENT. FURTHER RESEARCH USING ACCELEROMETER DATA AND LARGER SAMPLE SIZES IS WARRANTED.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
13  3522 12 IL-10 PRODUCTION BY CLL CELLS IS ENHANCED IN THE ANERGIC IGHV MUTATED SUBSET AND ASSOCIATES WITH REDUCED DNA METHYLATION OF THE IL10 LOCUS. CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIAS (CLLS) WITH UNMUTATED (U-CLL) OR MUTATED (M-CLL) IGHV HAVE VARIABLE FEATURES OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSION, POSSIBLY INFLUENCED BY THOSE CLL CELLS ACTIVATED TO PRODUCE INTERLEUKIN 10 (IL-10). THE TWO SUBSETS DIFFER IN THEIR LEVELS OF ANERGY, DEFINED BY LOW SURFACE IMMUNOGLOBULIN M LEVELS/SIGNALING CAPACITY, AND IN THEIR DNA METHYLATION PROFILE, PARTICULARLY VARIABLE IN M-CLL. WE HAVE NOW FOUND THAT LEVELS OF IL-10 PRODUCED BY ACTIVATED CLL CELLS WERE HIGHLY VARIABLE. LEVELS WERE HIGHER IN M-CLL THAN IN U-CLL AND CORRELATED WITH ANERGY. DNA METHYLATION ANALYSIS OF IL10 LOCUS REVEALED TWO PREVIOUSLY UNCHARACTERIZED 'VARIABLY METHYLATED REGIONS' (CLL-VMRS1/2) IN THE GENE BODY, BUT SIMILARLY LOW METHYLATION IN THE PROMOTER OF BOTH U-CLL AND M-CLL. CLL-VMR1/2 METHYLATION WAS LOWER IN M-CLL THAN IN U-CLL AND INVERSELY CORRELATED WITH IL-10 INDUCTION. A FUNCTIONAL SIGNAL TRANSDUCER AND ACTIVATOR OF TRANSCRIPTION 3 (STAT3) BINDING SITE IN CLL-VMR2 WAS CONFIRMED BY PROXIMITY LIGATION AND LUCIFERASE ASSAYS, WHEREAS INHIBITION OF SYK-MEDIATED STAT3 ACTIVATION RESULTED IN SUPPRESSION OF IL10. THE DATA SUGGEST EPIGENETIC CONTROL OF IL-10 PRODUCTION. HIGHER TUMOR LOAD MAY COMPENSATE THE REDUCED IL-10 PRODUCTION IN U-CLL, ACCOUNTING FOR CLINICAL IMMUNOSUPPRESSION IN BOTH SUBSETS. THE OBSERVATION THAT SYK INHIBITION ALSO SUPPRESSES IL-10 PROVIDES A POTENTIAL NEW RATIONALE FOR THERAPEUTIC TARGETING AND IMMUNOLOGICAL RESCUE BY SYK INHIBITORS IN CLL.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
14  1351 13 DETERMINATION OF SALIVA EPIGENETIC AGE IN INFANCY, AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH PARENTAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND PREGNANCY OUTCOMES. EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION (AA) HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES AND MANY CHRONIC CONDITIONS. WE ESTIMATED, IN THE NINFEA BIRTH COHORT, INFANT SALIVA EPIGENETIC AGE, AND INVESTIGATED WHETHER PARENTAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC POSITION (SEP) AND PREGNANCY OUTCOMES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH INFANT EPIGENETIC AA. A TOTAL OF 139 SALIVA SAMPLES COLLECTED AT ON AVERAGE 10.8 (RANGE 7-17) MONTHS WERE USED TO ESTIMATE HORVATH'S DNA METHYLATION AGE. EPIGENETIC AA WAS DEFINED AS THE RESIDUAL FROM A LINEAR REGRESSION OF EPIGENETIC AGE ON CHRONOLOGICAL AGE. LINEAR REGRESSION MODELS WERE USED TO TEST THE ASSOCIATIONS OF PARENTAL SEP AND PREGNANCY OUTCOMES WITH SALIVA EPIGENETIC AA. A MODERATE POSITIVE ASSOCIATION WAS FOUND BETWEEN DNA METHYLATION AGE AND CHRONOLOGICAL AGE, WITH THE MEDIAN ABSOLUTE DIFFERENCE OF 6.8 MONTHS (STANDARD DEVIATION [SD] 3.9). THE EVIDENCE OF THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE INDICATORS OF LOW SEP AND EPIGENETIC AA WAS WEAK; INFANTS BORN TO UNEMPLOYED MOTHERS OR WITH LOW EDUCATION HAD ON AVERAGE 1 MONTH HIGHER EPIGENETIC AGE THAN INFANTS OF MOTHERS WITH HIGH EDUCATION AND EMPLOYMENT (COEFFICIENT 0.78 MONTHS, 95% CONFIDENCE INTERVALS [CIS]: -0.79 TO 2.34 FOR LOW/MEDIUM EDUCATION; 0.96, 95% CI: -1.81 TO 3.73 FOR UNEMPLOYMENT). THERE WAS NO EVIDENCE FOR ASSOCIATION OF GESTATIONAL AGE, BIRTHWEIGHT OR CAESAREAN SECTION WITH INFANT EPIGENETIC AA. USING THE HORVATH'S METHOD, DNA METHYLATION AGE CAN BE FAIRLY ACCURATELY PREDICTED FROM SALIVA SAMPLES ALREADY IN THE FIRST MONTHS OF LIFE. THIS STUDY DID NOT REVEAL CLEAR ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN EITHER PREGNANCY OUTCOMES OR PARENTAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND INFANT SALIVA EPIGENETIC AA.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
15   337 14 ALTERATIONS IN DNA METHYLATION/DEMETHYLATION INTERMEDIATES PREDICT CLINICAL OUTCOME IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. CYTOSINE DERIVATIVE DYSREGULATIONS REPRESENT IMPORTANT EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS WHOSE IMPACT ON THE CLINICAL OUTCOME IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL) IS INCOMPLETELY UNDERSTOOD. HENCE, GLOBAL LEVELS OF 5-METHYLCYTOSINE (5-MCYT), 5-HYDROXYMETHYLCYTOSINE (5-HMCYT), 5-CARBOXYLCYTOSINE (5-CACYT) AND 5-HYDROXYMETHYLURACIL WERE TESTED IN PURIFIED B CELLS FROM CLL PATIENTS (N = 55) AND CONTROLS (N = 17). THE DNA METHYLATION 'WRITERS' (DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES [DNMT1/3A/3B]), 'READERS' (METHYL-CPG-BINDING DOMAIN [MBD2/4]), 'EDITORS' (TEN-ELEVEN TRANSLOCATION [TET1/2/3]) AND 'MODULATORS' (SAT1) WERE ALSO EVALUATED. ACCORDINGLY, PATIENTS WERE STRATIFIED INTO THREE SUBGROUPS. FIRST, A SUBGROUP WITH A GLOBAL DEFICIT IN CYTOSINE DERIVATIVES CHARACTERIZED BY HYPERLYMPHOCYTOSIS, REDUCED MEDIAN PROGRESSION FREE SURVIVAL (PFS = 52 MONTHS) AND SHORTER TREATMENT FREE SURVIVAL (TFS = 112 MONTHS) WAS IDENTIFIED. IN THIS SUBGROUP, MAJOR EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS WERE HIGHLIGHTED INCLUDING A REDUCTION OF 5-MCYT, 5-HMCYT, 5-CACYT ASSOCIATED WITH DNMT3A, MBD2/4 AND TET1/2 DOWNREGULATION. SECOND, THE CYTOSINE DERIVATIVE ANALYSIS REVEALED A SUBGROUP WITH A PARTIAL DEFICIT (PFS = 84, TFS = 120 MONTHS), MAINLY AFFECTING DNA DEMETHYLATION (5-HMCYT REDUCTION, SAT1 INDUCTION). THIRD, A SUBGROUP EPIGENETICALLY SIMILAR TO CONTROLS WAS IDENTIFIED (PFS AND TFS > 120 MONTHS). THE PROGNOSTIC IMPACT OF STRATIFYING CLL PATIENTS WITHIN THREE EPIGENETIC SUBGROUPS WAS CONFIRMED IN A VALIDATION COHORT. IN CONCLUSION, OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT DYSREGULATIONS OF CYTOSINE DERIVATIVE REGULATORS REPRESENT MAJOR EVENTS ACQUIRED DURING CLL PROGRESSION AND ARE INDEPENDENT FROM IGHV MUTATIONAL STATUS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
16  6315 19 THE RELATIONSHIP OF MATERNAL AND CHILD METHYLATION OF THE GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR NR3C1 DURING EARLY CHILDHOOD AND SUBSEQUENT CHILD PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AT SCHOOL-AGE IN THE CONTEXT OF MATERNAL INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE-RELATED POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER. INTRODUCTION: INTERPERSONAL VIOLENT (IPV) EXPERIENCES WHEN THEY BEGIN IN CHILDHOOD AND CONTINUE IN VARIOUS FORMS DURING ADULTHOOD OFTEN LEAD TO CHRONIC POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD) THAT IS ASSOCIATED IN MULTIPLE STUDIES WITH HYPOCORTISOLISM AND LOWER PERCENTAGE OF METHYLATION OF THE PROMOTER REGION OF THE GENE CODING FOR THE GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR (NR3C1). THIS PROSPECTIVE, LONGITUDINAL STUDY EXAMINED THE RELATIONSHIP OF NR3C1 METHYLATION AMONG MOTHERS WITH IPV-RELATED PTSD AND THEIR TODDLERS AND THEN LOOKED AT THE RELATIONSHIP OF MATERNAL NR3C1 METHYLATION AND CHILD PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AT SCHOOL AGE. METHODS: FORTY-EIGHT MOTHERS WERE EVALUATED FOR LIFE-EVENTS HISTORY AND POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER VIA STRUCTURED CLINICAL INTERVIEW WHEN THEIR CHILDREN WERE AGES 12-42 MONTHS (MEAN AGE 26.7 MONTHS, SD 8.8). THEIR CHILDREN'S PSYCHOPATHOLOGY IN TERMS OF INTERNALIZING SYMPTOMS AND EXTERNALIZING BEHAVIORS WAS EVALUATED USING THE CHILD BEHAVIOR CHECKLIST AT AGES 5-9 YEARS (MEAN AGE 7 YEARS, SD 1.1). PERCENTAGE OF METHYLATION FOR THE NR3C1 GENE PROMOTER REGION WAS ASSESSED FROM DNA EXTRACTED FROM MATERNAL AND CHILD SALIVA USING BISULFITE PYROSEQUENCING. DATA ANALYSIS INVOLVED PARAMETRIC AND NON-PARAMETRIC CORRELATIONS AND MULTIPLE LINEAR AND LOGISTIC REGRESSION MODELING. RESULTS: LOGISTIC REGRESSION MODELS USING CHILD NR3C1 METHYLATION AS THE DEPENDENT VARIABLE AND MATERNAL NR3C1 METHYLATION AND PTSD GROUP STATUS AS PREDICTORS, AS WELL AS THE INTERACTION INDICATED THAT ALL THREE OF THESE SIGNIFICANTLY PREDICTED CHILD NR3C1 METHYLATION. THESE FINDINGS REMAINED SIGNIFICANT WHEN CONTROLLING FOR CHILD AGE, SEX AND MATERNAL CHILD ABUSE HISTORY. OVERALL, MATERNAL NR3C1 METHYLATION WHEN CHILDREN WERE TODDLERS WAS NEGATIVELY AND SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH CHILD EXTERNALIZING BEHAVIOR SEVERITY AT SCHOOL AGE. DISCUSSION: WE FOUND THAT CORRELATIONS BETWEEN MOTHERS AND THEIR CHILDREN OF NR3C1 METHYLATION LEVELS OVERALL AND AT ALL INDIVIDUAL CPG SITES OF INTEREST WERE SIGNIFICANT ONLY IN THE IPV-PTSD GROUP. THE LATTER FINDINGS SUPPORT THAT NR3C1 METHYLATION IN MOTHERS POSITIVELY AND STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANTLY CORRELATES WITH NR3C1 METHYLATION IN THEIR CHILDREN ONLY IN PRESENCE OF IPV-PTSD IN THE MOTHERS. THIS MATERNAL EPIGENETIC SIGNATURE WITH RESPECT TO THIS GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR IS SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH CHILD BEHAVIOR THAT MAY WELL POSE A RISK FOR INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION OF VIOLENCE AND RELATED PSYCHOPATHOLOGY.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
17  2438 16 EPIGENETIC SILENCING OF THE CIRCADIAN CLOCK GENE CRY1 IS ASSOCIATED WITH AN INDOLENT CLINICAL COURSE IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. DISRUPTION OF CIRCADIAN RHYTHM IS BELIEVED TO PLAY A CRITICAL ROLE IN CANCER DEVELOPMENT. CRYPTOCHROME 1 (CRY1) IS A CORE COMPONENT OF THE MAMMALIAN CIRCADIAN CLOCK AND WE HAVE PREVIOUSLY SHOWN ITS DEREGULATED EXPRESSION IN A SUBGROUP OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL). USING REAL-TIME RT-PCR IN A COHORT OF 76 CLL PATIENTS AND 35 NORMAL BLOOD DONORS WE NOW DEMONSTRATE THAT DIFFERENTIAL CRY1 MRNA EXPRESSION IN HIGH-RISK (HR) CD38+/IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE HEAVY CHAIN GENE (IGVH) UNMUTATED PATIENTS AS COMPARED TO LOW-RISK (LR) CD38-/IGVH MUTATED PATIENTS CAN BE ATTRIBUTED TO DOWN-MODULATION OF CRY1 IN LR CLL CASES. ANALYSIS OF THE DNA METHYLATION PROFILE OF THE CRY1 PROMOTER IN A SUBGROUP OF 57 PATIENTS REVEALED THAT CRY1 EXPRESSION IN LR CLL CELLS IS SILENCED BY ABERRANT PROMOTER CPG ISLAND HYPERMETHYLATION. THE METHYLATION PATTERN OF THE CRY1 PROMOTER PROVED TO HAVE HIGH PROGNOSTIC IMPACT IN CLL WHERE ABERRANT PROMOTER METHYLATION PREDICTED A FAVOURABLE OUTCOME. CRY1 MRNA TRANSCRIPT LEVELS DID NOT CHANGE OVER TIME IN THE MAJORITY OF PATIENTS WHERE SEQUENTIAL SAMPLES WERE AVAILABLE FOR ANALYSIS. WE ALSO COMPARED THE CRY1 EXPRESSION IN CLL WITH OTHER LYMPHOID MALIGNANCIES AND OBSERVED EPIGENETIC SILENCING OF CRY1 IN A PATIENT WITH B CELL ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA (B-ALL).	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
18   628 20 BIOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL INSIGHT FROM ANALYSIS OF THE TUMOR B-CELL RECEPTOR STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. THE B-CELL RECEPTOR (BCR) IS ESSENTIAL TO THE BEHAVIOR OF THE MAJORITY OF NORMAL AND NEOPLASTIC MATURE B CELLS. THE IDENTIFICATION IN 1999 OF THE TWO MAJOR CLL SUBSETS EXPRESSING UNMUTATED IMMUNOGLOBULIN (IG) VARIABLE REGION GENES (U-IGHV, U-CLL) OF PRE-GERMINAL CENTER ORIGIN AND POOR PROGNOSIS, AND MUTATED IGHV (M-CLL) OF POST-GERMINAL CENTER ORIGIN AND GOOD PROGNOSIS, IGNITED INTENSIVE INVESTIGATIONS ON STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE TUMOR BCR. THESE INVESTIGATIONS HAVE PROVIDED FUNDAMENTAL INSIGHT INTO CLL BIOLOGY AND EVENTUALLY THE MECHANISTIC RATIONALE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SUCCESSFUL THERAPIES TARGETING BCR SIGNALING. U-CLL AND M-CLL ARE CHARACTERIZED BY VARIABLE LOW SURFACE IGM (SIGM) EXPRESSION AND SIGNALING CAPACITY. VARIABILITY OF SIGM CAN IN PART BE EXPLAINED BY CHRONIC ENGAGEMENT WITH (AUTO)ANTIGEN AT TISSUE SITES. HOWEVER, OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL ELEMENTS, GENETIC CHANGES, AND EPIGENETIC SIGNATURES ALSO CONTRIBUTE TO THE SIGM VARIABILITY. THE VARIABLE LEVELS HAVE CONSEQUENCES ON THE BEHAVIOR OF CLL, WHICH IS IN A STATE OF ANERGY WITH AN INDOLENT CLINICAL COURSE WHEN SIGM EXPRESSION IS LOW, OR PUSHED TOWARDS PROLIFERATION AND A MORE AGGRESSIVE CLINICAL COURSE WHEN SIGM EXPRESSION IS HIGH. EFFICACY OF THERAPIES THAT TARGET BTK MAY ALSO BE AFFECTED BY THE VARIABLE SIGM LEVELS AND SIGNALING AND, IN PART, EXPLAIN THE DEVELOPMENT OF RESISTANCE.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
19   647  9 BIRTH ORDER PATTERN IN THE INHERITANCE OF CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKAEMIA AND RELATED LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASE. RANK ORDER OF AFFECTED OFFSPRING IN A SIBSHIP CAN INFORM ON EPIGENETIC FACTORS IN DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY. HERE WE REPORT AN ANALYSIS OF BIRTH ORDER IN 32 FAMILIES SEGREGATING CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKAEMIA (CLL) AND OTHER B-CELL LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS. A PATERNAL-OFFSPRING, BUT NOT A MATERNAL-OFFSPRING BIRTH RANK ORDER WAS OBSERVED. COX REGRESSION ANALYSIS PROVIDED RELATIVE RISKS (RR) FOR PATERNAL AND MATERNAL TRANSMISSION OF 3.60 (CI 95%: 1.54 - 8.42; P = 0.0005) AND 1.64 (CI 95%: 0.90 - 3.01; P = 0.096), RESPECTIVELY. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PATERNAL AND MATERNAL TRANSMISSION OF CLL-CLL PAIRS EMPLOYING HALDANE AND SMITH'S TEST WERE 0.006 AND 0.63, RESPECTIVELY. THERE WAS NO EVIDENCE OF A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARENTAL AGE AND BIRTH ORDER. THE GENETIC MECHANISM BEHIND THE BIRTH ORDER EFFECT OBSERVED IS DISCUSSED IN THE LIGHT OF NON-MENDELIAN IMPRINTING AND PREGNANCY RELATED MICROCHIMERISM.	2007	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
20   430 12 ANTICIPATION IN FAMILIES WITH CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA AND OTHER LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS. FIFTY-ONE PARENT-OFFSPRING PAIRS WITH CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL) OR OTHER LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS (NONCLL) SUCH AS MALIGNANT LYMPHOMA, MULTIPLE MYELOMA, OR OTHER TYPES OF LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA THAN CLL WERE ASCERTAINED INDEPENDENTLY IN 38 FAMILIES. THERE WERE 30 CLL-CLL PARENT-OFFSPRING PAIRS AND 21 PAIRS WITH NONCLL IN PARENTS AND/OR IN OFFSPRING. THE MEDIAN AGE OF ONSET OF DISEASE WAS 13 YEARS LOWER IN THE OFFSPRING THAN IN THE PARENTS WHEN COMPARING ALL 51 PAIRS (P < 0.001). THIS DIFFERENCE WAS MAINLY CAUSED BY A SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER AGE AT ONSET IN OFFSPRING WITH PARENTAL NONCLL (P < 0.001) WHERE PATERNAL DISEASE WAS TRANSFERRED ESPECIALLY TO SONS, WHILE AFFECTED OFFSPRING TO PARENTS WITH CLL HAVE THE SAME AGE AT DEBUT OF DISEASE THAN THEIR PARENTS (P = 0.130) AND A NEARLY EQUAL TRANSFER TO SONS AND DAUGHTERS. THE LOW-MALIGNANT FOLLICULAR SMALL B-CELL LYMPHOMA WAS THE PREDOMINANT DIAGNOSIS WITHIN NONCLL. ANTICIPATION IS POINTED OUT AS ONE LIKELY MECHANISM BEHIND THE LOWER AGE AT ONSET OF DISEASE IN OFFSPRING THAN IN PARENTS, EVEN IF A PART OF THIS DIFFERENCE IS ASCRIBED TO A GENERALLY EARLIER DIAGNOSIS WITH MODERN TECHNOLOGY IN OFFSPRING THAN IN PARENTS.	2010