1  5518 118 RISK FACTORS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS FOR PREVENTING AND DIAGNOSING EXERTIONAL RHABDOMYOLYSIS. EXERTIONAL RHABDOMYOLYSIS MAY OCCUR WHEN AN INDIVIDUAL IS SUBJECTED TO STRENUOUS PHYSICAL EXERCISE. IT IS OCCASIONALLY ASSOCIATED WITH MYOGLOBINURIA (I.E. "COLA-COLORED" URINE) ALONGSIDE MUSCLE PAIN AND WEAKNESS. THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF EXERTIONAL RHABDOMYOLYSIS INVOLVES STRIATED MUSCLE DAMAGE AND THE RELEASE OF CELLULAR COMPONENTS INTO EXTRACELLULAR FLUID AND BLOODSTREAM. THIS CAN CAUSE ACUTE RENAL FAILURE, ELECTROLYTE ABNORMALITIES, ARRHYTHMIAS AND POTENTIALLY DEATH. EXERTIONAL RHABDOMYOLYSIS IS OBSERVED IN HIGH-PERFORMANCE ATHLETES WHO ARE SUBJECTED TO INTENSE, REPETITIVE AND/OR PROLONGED EXERCISE BUT IS ALSO OBSERVED IN UNTRAINED INDIVIDUALS AND HIGHLY TRAINED OR ELITE GROUPS OF MILITARY PERSONNEL. SEVERAL RISK FACTORS HAVE BEEN REPORTED TO INCREASE THE LIKELIHOOD OF THE CONDITION IN ATHLETES, INCLUDING: VIRAL INFECTION, DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE, EXERCISE IN INTENSELY HOT AND HUMID ENVIRONMENTS, GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS (E.G. SICKLE CELL TRAIT AND MCARDLE DISEASE) AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS. THIS ARTICLE REVIEWS SEVERAL OF THESE RISK FACTORS AND PROPOSES SCREENING PROTOCOLS TO IDENTIFY INDIVIDUAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TO EXERTIONAL RHABDOMYOLYSIS AS WELL AS THE RELEVANCE OF PROTEOMICS FOR THE EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS OF MUSCLE DAMAGE.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
2  3553  26 IMMUNOTOLERANCE OF DAIRY HEIFERS IN RESPONSE TO REPEATED EXPOSURE TO BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE ENDOTOXIN. DAIRY CATTLE FACE A VARIETY OF STRESSFUL EVENTS ON A DAILY BASIS. MORE SPECIFICALLY, CLIMATE CHANGE HAS RESULTED IN MORE FREQUENT HEAT STRESS EVENTS THAT INCREASE THE INCIDENCE OF CHRONIC BACTERIAL INFECTIONS BY INDUCING CONDITIONS LIKE LEAKY GUT SYNDROME, WHEREBY THE INTEGRITY OF THE INTESTINAL EPITHELIUM IS COMPROMISED ALLOWING FOR LUMINAL BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE (LPS) ENDOTOXIN TO INFILTRATE THE HOST'S BLOODSTREAM RESULTING IN ACUTE OR CHRONIC SYSTEMIC STIMULATION OF THE INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM. REPEATED EXPOSURE TO LPS OVER A SHORT PERIOD OF TIME IS REPORTED TO INDUCE IMMUNOTOLERANCE WITHIN THE HOST. THIS LPS TOLERANCE IS AN ESSENTIAL IMMUNOHOMEOSTATIC RESPONSE THAT CAN PROTECT AGAINST OVER ACTIVATION OF THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE DURING SUBSEQUENT EXPOSURE TO LPS. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, HOLSTEIN CALVES (N = 20) WERE INITIALLY STRESS CHALLENGED WITH EITHER SALINE, OR 100, 200 OR 400 NG/KG OF LPS ADMINISTERED INTRAMUSCULAR, AND AGAIN RE-CHALLENGED WITH 200 NG/KG OF LPS 2-WEEKS LATER. SERUM WAS COLLECTED EVERY 2 HR FOR 6 HR TO PROFILE CHANGES IN CIRCULATORY STRESS BIOMARKERS AFTER THE REPEATED LPS EXPOSURES. HEIFERS THAT WERE INITIALLY CHALLENGED WITH 100, 200 AND 400 NG/KG OF LPS DEMONSTRATED SIGNIFICANTLY ATTENUATED CORTISOL RESPONSES IN THE SECOND CHALLENGE (P < 0.01, 0.01 AND 0.05, RESPECTIVELY), WHEREAS CONTROL ANIMALS WHO PREVIOUSLY RECEIVED SALINE DEMONSTRATED A STRONG CORTISOL RESPONSE AT 2 HR AFTER RECEIVING 200 NG/KG OF LPS (P < 0.05). THE CYTOKINE/CHEMOKINE (IL-6, CCL2, CCL3 AND CCL4) RESPONSES WERE ALSO ATTENUATED DURING THE LPS RECHALLENGE (P < 0.05). FINALLY, MICRORNA EXPRESSION PROFILES WERE DETERMINED TO ASSESS THE EPIGENETIC RESPONSE TO REPEATED LPS EXPOSURE. INTERESTINGLY, MIR-31 AND MIR-223 WERE DOWNREGULATED IN RESPONSE TO THE SECOND LPS CHALLENGE. THE PRESENT STUDY DEMONSTRATES THE DYNAMIC NATURE OF THE STRESS RESPONSE IN DAIRY CATTLE AS IT RELATES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF LPS TOLERANCE. UNDERSTANDING THE ROLES OF VARIOUS STRESS BIOMARKERS IN THE CONTEXT OF INNATE IMMUNE CELL TOLERANCE IS ESSENTIAL FOR EVALUATING THEIR IMPACT ON IMMUNE SYSTEM HOMEOSTASIS.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
3  6879  22 [RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTESTINAL HYPERPERMEABILITY AND OBESITY]. OBESITY IS A COMBINATION OF GENETIC, ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, AND SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION OF ADIPOSE TISSUE. IN THE LAST DECADE, MORE AND MORE EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA IS AN ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR THAT PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE IN OBESITY AND ASSOCIATED METABOLIC DISORDERS. HERE, WE REVIEW THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA AND OBESITY BASED ON THE LITERATURE DATA AVAILABLE TO US. THE INTESTINAL FLORA, IN THE EQUILIBRIUM STATE OF CONVENTIONAL BACTERIA, PROTECTS THE HEALTH OF THE HOST AND HELPS THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM. THE GENOME, DIET, LIFESTYLE, AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES OF THE HOST CAN PATHOLOGICALLY ALTER THE COMPOSITION OF THE MICROBIOTA. IN DYSBIOSIS, THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GUT-ASSOCIATED LYMPHOID TISSUE (GALT) ASSOCIATED WITH THE INTESTINAL TRACT IS IMPAIRED AND THE INTEGRITY OF THE INTESTINAL BARRIER IS IMPAIRED. DUE TO THE CONSEQUENT INTESTINAL HYPERPERMEABILITY, COMPONENTS OF PATHOGENIC PATHOGENS SUCH AS LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES ENTER THE BLOODSTREAM. THESE COMPONENTS BIND TO RECEPTORS ON ADIPOSE TISSUE IMMUNE CELLS AS LIGANDS FOR MOLECULAR SAMPLES WITH PATHOGENIC PROPERTIES AND INDUCE ADIPOSE TISSUE DYSFUNCTION. THE SECRETION OF INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IN ADIPOSE TISSUE IS INCREASED. THIS INDUCES PERSISTENT LOW CHRONIC INFLAMMATION, WHICH IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF OBESITY. THE DAMAGE TO HEALTH CAUSED BY THE HYPERPERMEABILITY OF THE INTESTINAL BARRIER CAN BE REDUCED BY INTERVENTIONS, OR RESTORED EARLY IN THE PROCESS. KNOWING THE RELATIONSHIPS WILL HELP PREVENT AND TREAT OBESITY.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
4  1523  20 DNA METHYLATION CHANGES AND INFLAMMAGING IN AGING-ASSOCIATED DISEASES. AGING AS AN INEVITABLE PHENOMENON IS ASSOCIATED WITH PERVASIVE CHANGES IN PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS. THERE IS A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGING AND THE INCREASE OF SEVERAL CHRONIC DISEASES. MOST AGE-RELATED DISORDERS ARE ACCOMPANIED BY AN UNDERLYING CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY STATE, AS DEMONSTRATED BY LOCAL INFILTRATION OF INFLAMMATORY CELLS AND GREATER LEVELS OF PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IN THE BLOODSTREAM. WITHIN INFLAMMAGING, MANY EPIGENETIC EVENTS, ESPECIALLY DNA METHYLATION, CHANGE. DURING THE AGING PROCESS, DUE TO ABERRATIONS OF DNA METHYLATION, BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES ARE DISRUPTED, LEADING TO THE EMERGENCE OR PROGRESSION OF A VARIETY OF HUMAN DISEASES, INCLUDING CANCER, NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND DIABETES. THE FOCUS OF THIS REVIEW IS ON DNA METHYLATION, WHICH IS INVOLVED IN INFLAMMAGING-RELATED ACTIVITIES, AND HOW ITS DYSREGULATION LEADS TO HUMAN DISORDERS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
5   929  17 CHRONIC INFLAMMATION: ACCELERATOR OF BIOLOGICAL AGING. BIOLOGICAL AGING IS CHARACTERIZED BY A CHRONIC LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATION LEVEL. THIS CHRONIC PHENOMENON HAS BEEN NAMED "INFLAMM-AGING" AND IS A HIGHLY SIGNIFICANT RISK FACTOR FOR MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY IN THE OLDER PERSONS. THE MOST COMMON THEORIES OF INFLAMM-AGING INCLUDE REDOX STRESS, MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION, GLYCATION, DEREGULATION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM, HORMONAL CHANGES, EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, AND DYSFUNCTION TELOMERE ATTRITION. INFLAMM-AGING PLAYS A ROLE IN THE INITIATION AND PROGRESSION OF AGE-RELATED DISEASES SUCH AS TYPE II DIABETES, ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, FRAILTY, SARCOPENIA, OSTEOPOROSIS, AND CANCER. THIS REVIEW WILL COVER THE IDENTIFICATION OF PATHWAYS THAT CONTROL AGE-RELATED INFLAMMATION ACROSS MULTIPLE SYSTEMS AND ITS POTENTIAL CAUSAL ROLE IN CONTRIBUTING TO ADVERSE HEALTH OUTCOMES.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
6  4271  25 MICROBIAL DYSBIOSIS-INDUCED OBESITY: ROLE OF GUT MICROBIOTA IN HOMOEOSTASIS OF ENERGY METABOLISM. THE GLOBAL OBESITY EPIDEMIC HAS NECESSITATED THE SEARCH FOR BETTER INTERVENTION STRATEGIES INCLUDING THE EXPLOITATION OF THE HEALTH BENEFITS OF SOME GUT MICROBIOTA AND THEIR METABOLIC PRODUCTS. THEREFORE, WE EXAMINED THE GUT MICROBIAL COMPOSITION AND MECHANISMS OF INTERACTION WITH THE HOST IN RELATION TO HOMOEOSTATIC ENERGY METABOLISM AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DYSBIOSIS-INDUCED METABOLIC INFLAMMATION AND OBESITY. WE ALSO DISCUSSED THE EUBIOTIC, HEALTH-PROMOTING EFFECTS OF PROBIOTICS AND PREBIOTICS AS WELL AS EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH GUT MICROBIAL DYSBIOSIS AND RISK OF OBESITY. HIGH-FAT/CARBOHYDRATE DIET PROGRAMMES THE GUT MICROBIOTA TO ONE PREDOMINATED BY FIRMICUTES (CLOSTRIDIUM), PREVOTELLA AND METHANOBREVIBACTER BUT DEFICIENT IN BENEFICIAL GENERA/SPECIES SUCH AS BACTEROIDES, BIFIDOBACTERIUM, LACTOBACILLUS AND AKKERMANSIA. ALTERED GUT MICROBIOTA IS ASSOCIATED WITH DECREASED EXPRESSION OF SCFA THAT MAINTAIN INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL BARRIER INTEGRITY, REDUCE BACTERIAL TRANSLOCATION AND INFLAMMATION AND INCREASE EXPRESSION OF HUNGER-SUPPRESSING HORMONES. REDUCED AMOUNTS OF BENEFICIAL MICRO-ORGANISMS ALSO INHIBIT FASTING-INDUCED ADIPOCYTE FACTOR EXPRESSION LEADING TO DYSLIPIDAEMIA. A LOW-GRADE CHRONIC INFLAMMATION (METABOLIC ENDOTOXAEMIA) ENSUES WHICH CULMINATES IN OBESITY AND ITS CO-MORBIDITIES. THE SYNERGY OF HIGH-FAT DIET AND DYSBIOTIC GUT MICROBIOTA INITIATES A RECIPE THAT EPIGENETICALLY PROGRAMMES THE HOST FOR INCREASED ADIPOSITY AND POOR GLYCAEMIC CONTROL. INTERESTINGLY, THESE OBESOGENIC MECHANISTIC PATHWAYS THAT ARE TRANSMITTABLE FROM ONE GENERATION TO ANOTHER CAN BE MODULATED THROUGH THE ADMINISTRATION OF PROBIOTICS, PREBIOTICS AND SYNBIOTICS. THOUGH THE INFLUENCE OF GUT MICROBIOTA ON THE RISK OF OBESITY AND SEVERAL INTERVENTION STRATEGIES HAVE BEEN EXTENSIVELY DEMONSTRATED IN ANIMAL MODELS, APPLICATION IN HUMANS STILL REQUIRES FURTHER ROBUST INVESTIGATION.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
7  3804  22 INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA, CHRONIC INFLAMMATION, AND COLORECTAL CANCER. IN ADDITION TO GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS, VARIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, INCLUDING DIET, PLAY IMPORTANT ROLES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF COLORECTAL CANCER (CRC). RECENTLY, THERE IS INCREASING INTEREST IN THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA AS AN ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTOR FOR CRC, BECAUSE DIET ALSO INFLUENCES THE COMPOSITION OF THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA. THE HUMAN INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA COMPRISES ABOUT 100 TRILLION MICROBES. THIS MICROBIOME THRIVES ON UNDIGESTED DIETARY RESIDUES IN THE INTESTINAL LUMEN AND PRODUCES VARIOUS METABOLITES. IT IS WELL KNOWN THAT THE DIETARY RISK FACTORS FOR CRC ARE MEDIATED BY DYSBIOSIS OF THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA AND THEIR METABOLITES. IN THIS REVIEW, WE DESCRIBE THE BACTERIAL TAXA ASSOCIATED WITH CRC, INCLUDING FUSOBACTERIUM NUCLEATUM, ENTEROTOXIGENIC BACTEROIDES FRAGILIS, ESCHERICHIA COLI, AND BUTYRATE-PRODUCING BACTERIA. WE ALSO DISCUSS THE HOST-DIET INTERACTION IN COLORECTAL CARCINOGENESIS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
8  6506  17 TRAINED INNATE IMMUNITY NOT ALWAYS AMICABLE. THE CONCEPT OF &BDQUO;TRAINED INNATE IMMUNITY" IS UNDERSTOOD AS THE ABILITY OF INNATE IMMUNE CELLS TO REMEMBER INVADING AGENTS AND TO RESPOND NONSPECIFICALLY TO REINFECTION WITH INCREASED STRENGTH. TRAINED IMMUNITY IS ORCHESTRATED BY EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS LEADING TO CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY. ALTHOUGH THIS PHENOMENON WAS ORIGINALLY SEEN MAINLY AS A BENEFICIAL EFFECT, SINCE IT CONFERS BROAD IMMUNOLOGICAL PROTECTION, ENHANCED IMMUNE RESPONSE OF REPROGRAMMED INNATE IMMUNE CELLS MIGHT RESULT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OR PERSISTENCE OF CHRONIC METABOLIC, AUTOIMMUNE OR NEUROINFALMMATORY DISORDERS. THIS PAPER OVERVIEWS SEVERAL EXAMPLES WHERE THE INDUCTION OF TRAINED IMMUNITY MAY BE ESSENTIAL IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DISEASES CHARACTERIZED BY FLAWED INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
9  4168  17 MEDITERRANEAN DIET AS A TOOL TO COMBAT INFLAMMATION AND CHRONIC DISEASES. AN OVERVIEW. SINCE ANCIENT TIMES, THE QUALITY OF NOURISHMENT IS A MILESTONE FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF HEALTH AND AS IT IS STATED 'PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN CURE', AMONGST THE SO-CALLED 'HEALTHY' DIETS MEDITERRANEAN DIET (MD) CLAIMS THE LION'S SHARE. IT STANDS IN GOOD STEAD BECAUSE OF A VARIETY OF VALUABLE MACRO- AND MICRONUTRIENTS. SO, ADHERENCE TO A MD IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE REDUCTION OF INFLAMMATION AND NON-COMMUNICABLE (NCD) OR CHRONIC DISEASES. NUMEROUS STUDIES TRY TO SCRUTINIZE THE ROLE OF MD COMPONENTS AS REGARDS REDUCING INFLAMMATION, LOWERING RATE, AND MORTALITY FOR DISORDERS AND ILLNESSES, AND PREVENTING NCD. MD REGIME OF THE INHABITANTS OF THE MEDITERRANEAN BASIN INCLUDES A VARIETY OF ETHNIC NUTRITIONAL HABITS AND REGULATES AN ARRAY OF EFFECTS AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES THAT AFFECT HUMAN WELLBEING. THE RESEARCH IS STILL ONGOING AND ENDEAVORS TO ELUCIDATE EVERY ASPECT OF THIS ISSUE. THIS REVIEW FOCUSES ON THE IMPACT OF MD ON INFLAMMATION HIGHLIGHTS POSITIVE RESULTS REGARDING NCD AND INDICATES THE NEED FOR MORE HIGH-QUALITY EXPERIMENTS AND TRIALS IN ORDER TO OVERCOME ANY DISCREPANCIES.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
10  6872  19 [POLYPHENOLS AS PROMISING BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS]. POLYPHENOLS ARE DIVERSE AND WIDESPREAD BIOACTIVE PLANT-BASED COMPOUNDS. THESE COMPOUNDS ARE FOUND IN VARIOUS FOODS SUCH AS BERRIES, FRUITS, VEGETABLES, CEREALS, NUTS, COFFEE, CACAO, SPICES, SEEDS. THEY ARE DIVIDED INTO PHENOLIC ACIDS, STILBENES, FLAVONOIDS, LIGNANS DEPENDING ON THEIR MOLECULAR STRUCTURE. THEY ATTRACT THE ATTENTION OF RESEARCHERS DUE TO WIDE RANGE OF BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS ON HUMAN BODY. THE PURPOSE OF THIS WORK WAS TO ANALYZE MODERN SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS ON THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF POLYPHENOLS. MATERIAL AND METHODS. THE REVIEW IS BASED ON PUBLICATIONS PRESENTED IN THE PUBMED, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, RESEARCHGATE, ELSEVIER, ELIBRARY, CYBERLENINKA DATABASES USING "POLYPHENOLS", "FLAVONOIDS", "RESVERATROL", "QUERCETIN", "CATECHINS" AS KEY WORDS. PREFERENCE WAS GIVEN TO ORIGINAL RESEARCHES OVER THE PAST 10 YEARS PUBLISHED IN REFEREED JOURNALS. RESULTS. OXIDATIVE STRESS, CHRONIC INFLAMMATION, MICROBIOME DISORDERS, INSULIN RESISTANCE, EXCESSIVE PROTEIN GLYCATION, AND GENOTOXIC EFFECTS ARE AT THE HEART OF THE PATHOGENESIS OF MANY DISEASES, INCLUDING THOSE ASSOCIATED WITH AGE. A LARGE AMOUNT OF MATERIAL HAS BEEN ACCUMULATED ON THE ANTIOXIDANT, ANTICARCINOGENIC, EPIGENETIC, METABOLIC, GEROPROTECTIVE, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIVIRAL EFFECTS OF POLYPHENOLS. THIS GIVES REASONS TO CONSIDER POLYPHENOLS AS VERY PROMISING MICRONUTRIENTS, WHICH INCLUSION IN THE DIET CAN REDUCE THE RISK OF DEVELOPING CARDIOVASCULAR, ONCOLOGICAL, NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES, DIABETES MELLITUS, OBESITY, METABOLIC SYNDROME, PREMATURE AGING, THAT IS, THE MAIN CAUSES OF DEATH, A DECREASE IN THE DURATION AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF A MODERN PERSON. CONCLUSION. EXPANDING THE RANGE OF PRODUCTS ENRICHED WITH POLYPHENOLS WITH THEIR HIGH BIOAVAILABILITY IS A PROMISING AREA OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF PRODUCTION IN ORDER TO PREVENT SOCIALLY SIGNIFICANT AGE-ASSOCIATED DISEASES.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
11  4396  19 MODULATION OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATION BY QUERCETIN: THE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS ON OBESITY. OBESITY HAS BECOME A MAJOR RISK FACTOR FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHRONIC DISEASES SUCH AS INSULIN RESISTANCE, TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. MOREOVER, OBESITY INDUCES CHRONIC INFLAMMATION IN ADIPOSE TISSUE, LIVER, SKELETAL MUSCLE, AND THE VASCULAR SYSTEM. QUERCETIN IS THE MAJOR REPRESENTATIVE OF THE FLAVONOID SUBCLASS OF FLAVONOLS, WHICH IS UBIQUITOUSLY CONTAINED WITHIN NATURAL PLANTS SUCH AS GREEN TEA, AND VEGETABLES, INCLUDING ONIONS AND APPLES. RESEARCHERS HAVE FOCUSED GREATER ATTENTION TO THE BENEFICIAL PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLES OF QUERCETIN, WHICH HAS ANTI-OXIDATIVE, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, AND ANTI-FIBROTIC EFFECTS ON INSULIN RESISTANCE AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN OBESITY-RELATED DISEASES. ALSO, THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF QUERCETIN ON INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA HAVE BEEN DEMONSTRATED IN OBESITY. IN ADDITION, THERE IS INCREASING EVIDENCE THAT QUERCETIN IS ASSOCIATED WITH EPIGENETIC ACTIVITIES IN CANCER, AND IN MATERNAL UNDERNUTRITION DURING GESTATION AND LACTATION. IN THIS REVIEW, WE FOCUS ON THE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF QUERCETIN, ITS DIETARY SOURCES IN OBESITY, AND ITS ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS ON INSULIN RESISTANCE, ATHEROSCLEROSIS, INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA, AND MATERNAL UNDER-NUTRITION WITH EPIGENETIC ACTIVITY.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
12  1149  22 CONNECTING THE IMMUNE SYSTEM, SYSTEMIC CHRONIC INFLAMMATION AND THE GUT MICROBIOME: THE ROLE OF SEX. UNRESOLVED LOW GRADE SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION REPRESENTS THE UNDERLYING PATHOLOGICAL MECHANISM DRIVING IMMUNE AND METABOLIC PATHWAYS INVOLVED IN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES (AID). MECHANISTIC STUDIES IN ANIMAL MODELS OF AID AND OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES IN PATIENTS HAVE FOUND ALTERATIONS IN GUT MICROBIOTA COMMUNITIES AND THEIR METABOLITES, SUGGESTING A MICROBIAL CONTRIBUTION TO THE ONSET OR PROGRESSION OF AID. THE GUT MICROBIOTA AND ITS METABOLITES HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO INFLUENCE IMMUNE FUNCTIONS AND IMMUNE HOMEOSTASIS BOTH WITHIN THE GUT AND SYSTEMATICALLY. MICROBIAL DERIVED-SHORT CHAIN FATTY ACID (SCFA) AND BIO-TRANSFORMED BILE ACID (BA) HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO INFLUENCE THE IMMUNE SYSTEM ACTING AS LIGANDS SPECIFIC CELL SIGNALING RECEPTORS LIKE GPRCS, TGR5 AND FXR, OR VIA EPIGENETIC PROCESSES. SIMILARLY, INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY (LEAKY GUT) AND BACTERIAL TRANSLOCATION ARE IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTORS TO CHRONIC SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION AND, WITHOUT REPAIR OF THE INTESTINAL BARRIER, MIGHT REPRESENT A CONTINUOUS INFLAMMATORY STIMULUS CAPABLE OF TRIGGERING AUTOIMMUNE PROCESSES. RECENT STUDIES INDICATE GENDER-SPECIFIC DIFFERENCES IN IMMUNITY, WITH THE GUT MICROBIOTA SHAPING AND BEING CONCOMITANTLY SHAPED BY THE HORMONAL MILIEU GOVERNING DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE SEXES. A BI-DIRECTIONAL CROSS-TALK BETWEEN MICROBIOTA AND THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM IS EMERGING WITH BACTERIA BEING ABLE TO PRODUCE HORMONES (E.G. SEROTONIN, DOPAMINE AND SOMATOSTATINE), RESPOND TO HOST HORMONES (E.G. ESTROGENS) AND REGULATE HOST HORMONES' HOMEOSTASIS (E.G BY INHIBITING GENE PROLACTIN TRANSCRIPTION OR CONVERTING GLUCOCORTICOIDS TO ANDROGENS). WE REVIEW HEREIN HOW GUT MICROBIOTA AND ITS METABOLITES REGULATE IMMUNE FUNCTION, INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY AND POSSIBLY AID PATHOLOGICAL PROCESSES. FURTHER, WE DESCRIBE THE DYSBIOSIS WITHIN THE GUT MICROBIOTA OBSERVED IN DIFFERENT AID AND SPECULATE HOW RESTORING GUT MICROBIOTA COMPOSITION AND ITS REGULATORY METABOLITES BY DIETARY INTERVENTION INCLUDING PREBIOTICS AND PROBIOTICS COULD HELP IN PREVENTING OR AMELIORATING AID. FINALLY, WE SUGGEST THAT, GIVEN CONSISTENT OBSERVATIONS OF MICROBIOTA DYSBIOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH AID AND THE ABILITY OF SCFA AND BA TO REGULATE INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY AND INFLAMMATION, FURTHER MECHANISTIC STUDIES, EXAMINING HOW DIETARY MICROBIOTA MODULATION CAN PROTECT AGAINST AID, HOLD CONSIDERABLE POTENTIAL TO TACKLE INCREASED INCIDENCE OF AID AT THE POPULATION LEVEL.	2018	

13   278  23 AGE-RELATED INFLAMMATION: THE CONTRIBUTION OF DIFFERENT ORGANS, TISSUES AND SYSTEMS. HOW TO FACE IT FOR THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES. A TYPICAL FEATURE OF AGEING IS A CHRONIC, LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATION CHARACTERIZED BY A GENERAL INCREASE IN THE PRODUCTION OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AND INFLAMMATORY MARKERS ("INFLAMM-AGEING"). THIS STATUS MAY SLOWLY DAMAGE ONE OR SEVERAL ORGANS, ESPECIALLY WHEN UNFAVORABLE GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS AND EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS ARE CONCOMITANT, LEADING TO AN INCREASED RISK OF FRAILTY TOGETHER WITH THE ONSET OF AGE-RELATED CHRONIC DISEASES. THE CONTRIBUTION OF DIFFERENT TISSUES (ADIPOSE TISSUE, MUSCLE), ORGANS (BRAIN, LIVER), IMMUNE SYSTEM AND ECOSYSTEMS (GUT MICROBIOTA) TO AGE-RELATED INFLAMMATION ("INFLAMM-AGEING") WILL BE DISCUSSED IN THIS REVIEW IN THE CONTEXT OF ITS ONSET/PROGRESSION LEADING TO SITE-RESTRICTED AND SYSTEMIC EFFECTS. MOREOVER, SOME OF THE POSSIBLE STRATEGIES AND THERAPIES TO COUNTERACT THE DIFFERENT SOURCES OF MOLECULAR MEDIATORS WHICH LEAD TO THE AGE-RELATED INFLAMMATORY PHENOTYPE WILL BE PRESENTED.	2010	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
14  2692  23 EVOLUTION OF THE CONCEPTS OF ENDOMETROSIS, POST BREEDING ENDOMETRITIS, AND SUSCEPTIBILITY OF MARES. IN THIS PAPER, THE EVOLUTION OF OUR UNDERSTANDING ABOUT POST BREEDING ENDOMETRITIS (PBE), THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF MARES, AND EVENTS LEADING TO ENDOMETROSIS ARE REVIEWED. WHEN SPERM ARRIVE IN THE UTERUS, PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AND CHEMOKINES ARE RELEASED. THEY ATTRACT NEUTROPHILS AND INDUCE MODULATORY CYTOKINES WHICH CONTROL INFLAMMATION. IN SUSCEPTIBLE MARES, THIS PHYSIOLOGICAL DEFENSE CAN BE PROLONGED SINCE THE PATTERN OF CYTOKINE RELEASE DIFFERS FROM THAT OF RESISTANT MARES BEING DELAYED AND WEAKER FOR ANTI-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES. DELAYED UTERINE CLEARANCE DUE TO CONFORMATIONAL DEFECTS, DEFICIENT MYOMETRIAL CONTRACTIONS, AND FAILURE OF THE CERVIX TO RELAX IS DETECTED BY INTRAUTERINE FLUID ACCUMULATION AND IS AN IMPORTANT REASON FOR SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ENDOMETRITIS. MULTIPAROUS AGED MARES ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE SUSCEPTIBLE. UNTREATED PROLONGED PBE CAN LEAD TO BACTERIAL OR FUNGAL ENDOMETRITIS CALLED PERSISTENT OR CHRONIC ENDOMETRITIS. EXUBERANT OR PROLONGED NEUTROPHILIA AND CYTOKINE RELEASE CAN HAVE DELETERIOUS AND PERMANENT EFFECTS IN INDUCING ENDOMETROSIS. INTERACTIONS OF NEUTROPHILS, CYTOKINES, AND PROSTAGLANDINS IN THE FORMATION OF COLLAGEN AND EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF FIBROSIS ARE DISCUSSED. ENDOMETRITIS AND ENDOMETROSIS ARE INTERCONNECTED, INFLUENCING EACH OTHER. IT IS SUGGESTED THAT THEY REPRESENT EPIGENETIC CHANGES INDUCED BY AGE AND HOSTILE UTERINE ENVIRONMENT.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
15  6169  18 THE GUT MICROBIOTA AND HEALTHY AGING: A MINI-REVIEW. THE GUT MICROBIOTA SHOWS A WIDE INTER-INDIVIDUAL VARIATION, BUT ITS WITHIN-INDIVIDUAL VARIATION IS RELATIVELY STABLE OVER TIME. A FUNCTIONAL CORE MICROBIOME, PROVIDED BY ABUNDANT BACTERIAL TAXA, SEEMS TO BE COMMON TO VARIOUS HUMAN HOSTS REGARDLESS OF THEIR GENDER, GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION, AND AGE. WITH ADVANCING CHRONOLOGICAL AGE, THE GUT MICROBIOTA BECOMES MORE DIVERSE AND VARIABLE. HOWEVER, WHEN MEASURES OF BIOLOGICAL AGE ARE USED WITH ADJUSTMENT FOR CHRONOLOGICAL AGE, OVERALL RICHNESS DECREASES, WHILE A CERTAIN GROUP OF BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH FRAILTY INCREASES. THIS HIGHLIGHTS THE IMPORTANCE OF CONSIDERING BIOLOGICAL OR FUNCTIONAL MEASURES OF AGING. STUDIES USING MODEL ORGANISMS INDICATE THAT AGE-RELATED GUT DYSBIOSIS MAY CONTRIBUTE TO UNHEALTHY AGING AND REDUCED LONGEVITY. THE GUT MICROBIOME DEPENDS ON THE HOST NUTRIENT SIGNALING PATHWAYS FOR ITS BENEFICIAL EFFECTS ON HOST HEALTH AND LIFESPAN, AND GUT DYSBIOSIS DISRUPTING THE INTERDEPENDENCE MAY DIMINISH THE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OR EVEN HAVE REVERSE EFFECTS. GUT DYSBIOSIS CAN TRIGGER THE INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE AND CHRONIC LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATION, LEADING TO MANY AGE-RELATED DEGENERATIVE PATHOLOGIES AND UNHEALTHY AGING. THE GUT MICROBIOTA COMMUNICATES WITH THE HOST THROUGH VARIOUS BIOMOLECULES, NUTRIENT SIGNALING-INDEPENDENT PATHWAYS, AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. DISTURBANCE OF THESE COMMUNICATIONS BY AGE-RELATED GUT DYSBIOSIS CAN AFFECT THE HOST HEALTH AND LIFESPAN. THIS MAY EXPLAIN THE IMPACT OF THE GUT MICROBIOME ON HEALTH AND AGING.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
16  5686  20 SICKLE CELL DISEASE: CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND MANAGEMENT OF A GLOBAL HEALTH CHALLENGE. SICKLE CELL DISEASE IS AN AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE, MULTISYSTEM DISORDER, CHARACTERISED BY CHRONIC HAEMOLYTIC ANAEMIA, PAINFUL EPISODES OF VASO-OCCLUSION, PROGRESSIVE ORGAN FAILURE AND A REDUCED LIFE EXPECTANCY. SICKLE CELL DISEASE IS THE MOST COMMON MONOGENETIC DISEASE, WITH MILLIONS AFFECTED WORLDWIDE. IN WELL-RESOURCED COUNTRIES, COMPREHENSIVE CARE PROGRAMS HAVE INCREASED LIFE EXPECTANCY OF SICKLE CELL DISEASE PATIENTS, WITH ALMOST ALL INFANTS SURVIVING INTO ADULTHOOD. THERAPEUTIC OPTIONS FOR SICKLE CELL DISEASE PATIENTS ARE HOWEVER, STILL SCARCE. PREDICTORS OF SICKLE CELL DISEASE SEVERITY AND A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND (EPI)GENETIC MODIFIERS ARE WARRANTED AND COULD LEAD TO MORE PRECISE MANAGEMENT AND TREATMENT. THIS REVIEW PROVIDES AN EXTENSIVE SUMMARY OF THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF SICKLE CELL DISEASE AND ENCOMPASSES THE CHARACTERISTICS, COMPLICATIONS AND CURRENT AND FUTURE TREATMENT OPTIONS OF THE DISEASE.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
17  4909  27 PAIN AND STRESS IN A SYSTEMS PERSPECTIVE: RECIPROCAL NEURAL, ENDOCRINE, AND IMMUNE INTERACTIONS. THIS PAPER ADVANCES A PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS VIEW OF PAIN IN WHICH PHYSICAL INJURY, OR WOUNDING, GENERATES A COMPLEX STRESS RESPONSE THAT EXTENDS BEYOND THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND CONTRIBUTES TO THE EXPERIENCE OF PAIN. THROUGH A COMMON CHEMICAL LANGUAGE COMPRISING NEUROTRANSMITTERS, PEPTIDES, ENDOCANNABINOIDS, CYTOKINES, AND HORMONES, AN ENSEMBLE OF INTERDEPENDENT NERVOUS, ENDOCRINE, AND IMMUNE PROCESSES OPERATES IN CONCERT TO COPE WITH THE INJURY. THESE PROCESSES ACT AS A SINGLE AGENT AND COMPRISE A SUPERSYSTEM. ACUTE PAIN IN ITS MULTIPLE DIMENSIONS, AND THE RELATED SYMPTOMS THAT COMMONLY OCCUR WITH IT, ARE PRODUCTS OF THE SUPERSYSTEM. CHRONIC PAIN CAN DEVELOP AS A RESULT OF UNUSUAL STRESS. SOCIAL STRESSORS CAN COMPOUND THE STRESS RESULTING FROM A WOUND OR ACT ALONE TO DYSREGULATE THE SUPERSYSTEM. WHEN THE SUPERSYSTEM SUFFERS DYSREGULATION, HEALTH, FUNCTION, AND SENSE OF WELL-BEING SUFFER. SOME CHRONIC PAIN CONDITIONS ARE THE PRODUCT OF SUPERSYSTEM DYSREGULATION. INDIVIDUALS VARY AND ARE VULNERABLE TO DYSREGULATION AND DYSFUNCTION IN PARTICULAR ORGAN SYSTEMS DUE TO THE UNIQUE INTERACTIONS OF GENETIC, EPIGENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, AS WELL AS THE PAST EXPERIENCES THAT CHARACTERIZE EACH PERSON. PERSPECTIVE: ACUTE TISSUE INJURY ACTIVATES AN ENSEMBLE OF INTERDEPENDENT NERVOUS, ENDOCRINE, AND IMMUNE PROCESSES THAT OPERATE IN CONCERT AND COMPRISE A SUPERSYSTEM. SOME CHRONIC PAIN CONDITIONS RESULT FROM SUPERSYSTEM DYSREGULATION. INDIVIDUALS VARY AND ARE VULNERABLE TO DYSREGULATION DUE TO THE UNIQUE INTERACTIONS OF GENETIC, EPIGENETIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND PAST EXPERIENCES THAT CHARACTERIZE EACH PERSON. THIS PERSPECTIVE CAN POTENTIALLY ASSIST CLINICIANS IN ASSESSING AND MANAGING CHRONIC PAIN PATIENTS.	2008	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
18  4165  26 MEDICAL SCHOOL HOTLINE: IMMUNOEPIGENETIC-MICROBIOME AXIS: IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH DISPARITIES RESEARCH IN NATIVE HAWAIIANS AND PACIFIC ISLANDERS. NATIVE HAWAIIAN AND PACIFIC ISLANDER (NHPI) POPULATIONS SUFFER FROM DISPROPORTIONATELY HIGHER RATES OF CHRONIC CONDITIONS, SUCH AS TYPE 2 DIABETES, THAT ARISES FROM METABOLIC DYSFUNCTION AND ARE OFTEN ASSOCIATED WITH OBESITY AND INFLAMMATION. IN ADDITION, THE GLOBAL CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 PANDEMIC HAS FURTHER COMPOUNDED THE EFFECT OF HEALTH INEQUITIES OBSERVED IN INDIGENOUS POPULATIONS, INCLUDING NHPI COMMUNITIES. REVERSIBLE LIFESTYLE HABITS, SUCH AS DIET, MAY EITHER BE PROTECTIVE OF OR CONTRIBUTE TO THE INCREASING PREVALENCE OF HEALTH INEQUITIES IN THESE POPULATIONS VIA THE IMMUNOEPIGENETIC-MICROBIOME AXIS. THIS AXIS OFFERS INSIGHT INTO THE CONNECTION BETWEEN DIET, EPIGENETICS, THE MICROBIOME COMPOSITION, IMMUNE FUNCTION, AND RESPONSE TO VIRAL INFECTION. EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS THAT REGULATE INFLAMMATORY STATES ASSOCIATED WITH METABOLIC DISEASES, INCLUDING DIABETES, ARE IMPACTED BY DIET. FURTHERMORE, DIET MAY MODULATE THE GUT MICROBIOME BY INFLUENCING MICROBIAL DIVERSITY AND RICHNESS; DYSBIOSIS OF THE MICROBIOME IS ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC DISEASE. A HIGH FIBER DIET FACILITATES A FAVORABLE MICROBIOME COMPOSITION AND IN TURN INCREASES PRODUCTION OF INTERMEDIATE METABOLITES NAMED SHORT-CHAIN FATTY ACIDS (SCFAS) THAT ACT ON METABOLIC AND IMMUNE PATHWAYS. IN CONTRAST, LOW FIBER DIETS TYPICALLY ASSOCIATED WITH A WESTERNIZED LIFESTYLE DECREASES THE ABUNDANCE OF MICROBIAL DERIVED SCFAS. THIS DECREASED ABUNDANCE IS CHARACTERISTIC OF METABOLIC SYNDROMES AND ACTIVATION OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY STATES, HAVING LARGER IMPLICATIONS IN DISEASE PATHOGENESIS OF BOTH COMMUNICABLE AND NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES. NATIVE HAWAIIANS AND PACIFIC ISLANDERS THAT ONCE THRIVED ON HEALTHY TRADITIONAL DIETS MAY BE MORE SENSITIVE THAN NON-INDIGENOUS PEOPLES TO THE METABOLIC PERTURBATION OF WESTERNIZED DIETS THAT IMPINGE ON THE IMMUNOEPIGENETIC-GUT MICROBIOME AXIS. RECENT STUDIES CONDUCTED IN THE MAUNAKEA LAB AT THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI'I AT MANOA JOHN A. BURNS SCHOOL OF MEDICINE HAVE HELPED ELUCIDATE THE CONNECTIONS BETWEEN DIET, MICROBIOME COMPOSITION, METABOLIC SYNDROME, AND EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF IMMUNE FUNCTION TO BETTER UNDERSTAND DISEASE PATHOGENESIS. POTENTIALLY, THIS RESEARCH COULD POINT TO WAYS TO PREVENT PRE-DISEASE CONDITIONS THROUGH NOVEL BIOMARKER DISCOVERY USING COMMUNITY-BASED APPROACHES.	2021	
                                            
19  1175  22 CONTRIBUTIONS OF AGE-RELATED THYMIC INVOLUTION TO IMMUNOSENESCENCE AND INFLAMMAGING. IMMUNE SYSTEM AGING IS CHARACTERIZED BY THE PARADOX OF IMMUNOSENESCENCE (INSUFFICIENCY) AND INFLAMMAGING (OVER-REACTION), WHICH INCORPORATE TWO SIDES OF THE SAME COIN, RESULTING IN IMMUNE DISORDER. IMMUNOSENESCENCE REFERS TO DISRUPTION IN THE STRUCTURAL ARCHITECTURE OF IMMUNE ORGANS AND DYSFUNCTION IN IMMUNE RESPONSES, RESULTING FROM BOTH AGED INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY. INFLAMMAGING, DESCRIBED AS A CHRONIC, STERILE, SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY CONDITION ASSOCIATED WITH ADVANCED AGE, IS MAINLY ATTRIBUTED TO SOMATIC CELLULAR SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED SECRETORY PHENOTYPE (SASP) AND AGE-RELATED AUTOIMMUNE PREDISPOSITION. HOWEVER, THE INABILITY TO REDUCE SENESCENT SOMATIC CELLS (SSCS), BECAUSE OF IMMUNOSENESCENCE, EXACERBATES INFLAMMAGING. AGE-RELATED ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEM DEVIATIONS, PARTICULARLY ALTERED T CELL FUNCTION, ARE DERIVED FROM AGE-RELATED THYMIC ATROPHY OR INVOLUTION, A HALLMARK OF THYMIC AGING. RECENTLY, THERE HAVE BEEN MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS IN UNDERSTANDING HOW AGE-RELATED THYMIC INVOLUTION CONTRIBUTES TO INFLAMMAGING AND IMMUNOSENESCENCE AT THE CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LEVELS, INCLUDING GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC REGULATION, AS WELL AS DEVELOPMENTS OF MANY POTENTIAL REJUVENATION STRATEGIES. HEREIN, WE DISCUSS THE RESEARCH PROGRESS UNCOVERING HOW AGE-RELATED THYMIC INVOLUTION CONTRIBUTES TO IMMUNOSENESCENCE AND INFLAMMAGING, AS WELL AS THEIR INTERSECTION. WE ALSO DESCRIBE HOW T CELL ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY MEDIATES INFLAMMAGING AND PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE IN THE PROGRESSION OF AGE-RELATED NEUROLOGICAL AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, AS WELL AS CANCER. WE THEN BRIEFLY OUTLINE THE UNDERLYING CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF AGE-RELATED THYMIC INVOLUTION, AND FINALLY SUMMARIZE POTENTIAL REJUVENATION STRATEGIES TO RESTORE AGED THYMIC FUNCTION.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
20  3539  16 IMMUNE SENESCENCE, EPIGENETICS AND AUTOIMMUNITY. AGING OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM IN HUMANS AND ANIMALS IS CHARACTERIZED BY A DECLINE IN BOTH ADAPTIVE AND INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSES. PARADOXICALLY, AGING IS ALSO ASSOCIATED WITH A STATE OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATION ("INFLAMMAGING") AND AN INCREASED LIKELIHOOD OF DEVELOPING AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES. EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN NON-DIVIDING AND DIVIDING CELLS, INCLUDING IMMUNE CELLS, DUE TO ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS CONTRIBUTE TO THE INFLAMMATION AND AUTOIMMUNITY THAT CHARACTERIZE BOTH THE STATE AND DISEASES OF AGING. HERE, WE REVIEW THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF IMMUNE SENESCENCE AND AUTOIMMUNITY IN OLD AGE.	2018