1  3586 278 IMPACT OF THE POLYCARBONATE STRIPPERS USED IN ASSISTED REPRODUCTION TECHNIQUES ON EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. STUDY QUESTION: DO DAILY MANIPULATIONS OF PREIMPLANTATION EMBRYOS WITH POLYCARBONATE (PC)-MADE BISPHENOL A (BPA)-RELEASING STRIPPERS INFLUENCE EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT? SUMMARY ANSWER: COMPARED TO GLASS STRIPPERS, PC STRIPPERS ENHANCE THE BLASTOCYST DEVELOPMENT RATE BUT THIS DOES NOT SEEM TO BE BPA-RELATED. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: PC STRIPPERS HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO RELEASE TINY AMOUNTS (AROUND 0.5 NG/ML BPA) OF BPA IN ROUTINE HUMAN IVF PROCEDURES. A CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO BPA EITHER IN VIVO OR IN VITRO DURING THE PREIMPLANTATION PERIOD CAN IMPACT POST-IMPLANTATION AND POST-NATAL DEVELOPMENT. BPA CAN ACT RAPIDLY BY BINDING TO MEMBRANE RECEPTORS AND INDUCING RAPID NON-GENOMIC EFFECTS. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: THIS EXPERIMENTAL STUDY USING MOUSE EMBRYOS HAD A BALANCED DESIGN AND BLINDED EVALUATIONS OF THE ENDPOINTS. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: IN VIVO FERTILIZED ZYGOTES WERE OBTAINED FROM OUTBRED SWISS CD1 MICE CROSSINGS AFTER AN OVARIAN STIMULATION. THE ZYGOTES WERE ALLOCATED TO THREE DAILY HANDLING CONDITIONS (HCS) AND CULTURED UNTIL DAY 4 IN A SINGLE HUMAN COMMERCIAL MEDIUM. EACH DAY, THE EMBRYOS WERE HANDLED FOR 20 S EITHER IN A PC STRIPPER (HC1) OR IN A GLASS STRIPPER (HC2). IN HC3, THE EMBRYOS WERE PRE-EXPOSED TO 0.5 NG/ML BPA BEFORE BEING HANDLED FOR 20 S IN A GLASS STRIPPER. HANDLING OPERATIONS WERE REPEATED ON DAYS 1, 2 AND 3. EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT WAS ASSESSED BLINDLY ON DAY 4. EXPANDED BLASTOCYSTS WERE SELECTED FOR A TRANSCRIPTOMIC ANALYSIS USING AGILENT SUREPRINT G3 MOUSE GE V2 MICROARRAYS AND THE RETROTRANSPOSON LINE1-ORF2 EXPRESSION WAS ANALYSED USING QRT-PCR, AS A PROXY FOR A GLOBAL EVALUATION OF THE EPIGENETIC STATUS. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: COMPARED TO THE EMBRYOS MANIPULATED IN HC2 (N = 243), THOSE IN HC1 (N = 228) DEVELOPED SIGNIFICANTLY MORE OFTEN TO THE BLASTOCYST STAGE (55 VS 46%; P < 0.05). IT APPEARS THE EFFECT OF THESE PC STRIPPERS WAS NOT BPA-RELATED BECAUSE EMBRYOS PRE-EXPOSED TO BPA (HC3, N = 230) SHOWED NO DIFFERENCE IN THE BLASTOCYST RATE WHEN COMPARED TO HC2 (43 VS 46%). WHEN ANALYSING SAME-STAGE BLASTOCYSTS, WE NOTICED NO DIFFERENCE IN THE EMBRYO GENE EXPRESSION BETWEEN THE THREE HC GROUPS. LARGE SCALE DATA: HTTPS://WWW.NCBI.NLM.NIH.GOV/GEO/QUERY/ACC.CGI?ACC=GSE148868. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: OUR RESULTS USING A MOUSE MODEL DESIGNED TO MIMIC HUMAN CONDITIONS (OUTBRED STRAIN, HUMAN COMMERCIAL IVF DISHES AND A UNIQUE COMMERCIAL HUMAN EMBRYONIC CULTURE MEDIA) ARE REASSURING SINCE NO GENE WAS FOUND TO BE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED, INCLUDING LINE-1 GENES, AS A PROXY FOR A GLOBAL EVALUATION OF THE EPIGENETIC STATUS. HOWEVER, NO GLOBAL EPIGENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE GENOME HAS BEEN PERFORMED. FURTHERMORE, WE DID NOT EVALUATE POST-IMPLANTATION EVENTS, ALTHOUGH BPA EXPOSURE DURING PERI-CONCEPTION COULD AFFECT FOETO-PLACENTAL AND POST-NATAL DEVELOPMENT. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: BASED ON THE PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE, SEVERAL EUROPEAN COUNTRIES BANNED THE USE OF BPA IN BABY BOTTLES AND FOOD PACKAGING SEVERAL YEARS BEFORE EUROPEAN AGENCIES TOOK AN OFFICIAL POSITION. THE QUESTION OF APPLYING THIS PRINCIPLE TO PLASTICS IN CLOSED CONTACT WITH HUMAN EMBRYOS IS RAISED. FURTHER STUDIES ARE NEEDED FOR A DECISION TO BE MADE. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S): THIS STUDY WAS SUPPORTED BY A GRANT FROM THE AGENCE DE BIOMEDECINE (AOR 2016). THE AUTHORS DECLARE NO COMPETING INTEREST.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
2  6672  49 USE OF A MOUSE IN VITRO FERTILIZATION MODEL TO UNDERSTAND THE DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGINS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE HYPOTHESIS. THE DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGINS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE HYPOTHESIS HOLDS THAT ALTERATIONS TO HOMEOSTASIS DURING CRITICAL PERIODS OF DEVELOPMENT CAN PREDISPOSE INDIVIDUALS TO ADULT-ONSET CHRONIC DISEASES SUCH AS DIABETES AND METABOLIC SYNDROME. IT REMAINS CONTROVERSIAL WHETHER PREIMPLANTATION EMBRYO MANIPULATION, CLINICALLY USED TO TREAT PATIENTS WITH INFERTILITY, DISTURBS HOMEOSTASIS AND AFFECTS LONG-TERM GROWTH AND METABOLISM. TO ADDRESS THIS CONTROVERSY, WE HAVE ASSESSED THE EFFECTS OF IN VITRO FERTILIZATION (IVF) ON POSTNATAL PHYSIOLOGY IN MICE. WE DEMONSTRATE THAT IVF AND EMBRYO CULTURE, EVEN UNDER CONDITIONS CONSIDERED OPTIMAL FOR MOUSE EMBRYO CULTURE, ALTER POSTNATAL GROWTH TRAJECTORY, FAT ACCUMULATION, AND GLUCOSE METABOLISM IN ADULT MICE. UNBIASED METABOLIC PROFILING IN SERUM AND MICROARRAY ANALYSIS OF PANCREATIC ISLETS AND INSULIN SENSITIVE TISSUES (LIVER, SKELETAL MUSCLE, AND ADIPOSE TISSUE) REVEALED BROAD CHANGES IN METABOLIC HOMEOSTASIS, CHARACTERIZED BY SYSTEMIC OXIDATIVE STRESS AND MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION. ADOPTING A CANDIDATE APPROACH, WE IDENTIFY THIOREDOXIN-INTERACTING PROTEIN (TXNIP), A KEY MOLECULE INVOLVED IN INTEGRATING CELLULAR NUTRITIONAL AND OXIDATIVE STATES WITH METABOLIC RESPONSE, AS A MARKER FOR PREIMPLANTATION STRESS AND DEMONSTRATE TISSUE-SPECIFIC EPIGENETIC AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL TXNIP MISREGULATION IN SELECTED ADULT TISSUES. IMPORTANTLY, DYSREGULATION OF TXNIP EXPRESSION IS ASSOCIATED WITH ENRICHMENT FOR H4 ACETYLATION AT THE TXNIP PROMOTER THAT PERSISTS FROM THE BLASTOCYST STAGE THROUGH ADULTHOOD IN ADIPOSE TISSUE. OUR DATA SUPPORT THE VULNERABILITY OF PREIMPLANTATION EMBRYOS TO ENVIRONMENTAL DISTURBANCE AND DEMONSTRATE THAT CONCEPTION BY IVF CAN REPROGRAM METABOLIC HOMEOSTASIS THROUGH METABOLIC, TRANSCRIPTIONAL, AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS WITH LASTING EFFECTS FOR ADULT GROWTH AND FITNESS. THIS STUDY HAS WIDE CLINICAL RELEVANCE AND UNDERSCORES THE IMPORTANCE OF CONTINUED FOLLOW-UP OF IVF-CONCEIVED OFFSPRING.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
3  3304  87 HIGH-GLUCOSE CONCENTRATIONS CHANGE DNA METHYLATION LEVELS IN HUMAN IVM OOCYTES. STUDY QUESTION: WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF HIGH-GLUCOSE CONCENTRATIONS ON DNA METHYLATION OF HUMAN OOCYTES? SUMMARY ANSWER: HIGH-GLUCOSE CONCENTRATIONS ALTERED DNA METHYLATION LEVELS OF PEG3 AND ADIPONECTIN IN HUMAN IN VITRO MATURATION OOCYTES. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: MATERNAL DIABETES HAS A DETRIMENTAL INFLUENCE ON OOCYTE QUALITY INCLUDING EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, AS SHOWN IN NON-HUMAN MAMMALIAN SPECIES. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: IMMATURE METAPHASE I (MI) STAGE OOCYTES OF GOOD QUALITY WERE RETRIEVED FROM PATIENTS WHO HAD NORMAL OVARIAN POTENTIAL AND WHO UNDERWENT ICSI IN THE REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE CENTER OF PEOPLE'S HOSPITAL OF ZHENGZHOU UNIVERSITY. MI OOCYTES WERE CULTURED IN MEDIUM WITH DIFFERENT GLUCOSE CONCENTRATIONS (CONTROL, 10 MM AND 15 MM) IN VITRO AND 48 H LATER, OOCYTES WITH FIRST POLAR BODY EXTRUSION WERE COLLECTED TO CHECK THE DNA METHYLATION LEVELS. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: MI OOCYTES UNDERWENT IN VITRO MATURATION (IVM) AT 37 DEGREES C WITH 5% MIXED GAS FOR 48 H. THEN THE MATURE OOCYTES WERE TREATED WITH BISULFITE BUFFER. TARGET SEQUENCES WERE AMPLIFIED USING NESTED OR HALF-NESTED PCR AND THE DNA METHYLATION STATUS WAS TESTED USING COMBINED BISULFITE RESTRICTION ANALYSIS (COBRA) AND BISULFITE SEQUENCING (BS). MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: HIGH-GLUCOSE CONCENTRATIONS SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED THE FIRST POLAR BODY EXTRUSION RATE. COMPARED TO CONTROLS, THE DNA METHYLATION LEVELS OF PEG3 IN HUMAN IVM OOCYTES WERE SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER IN 10 MM (P < 0.001) AND 15 MM (P < 0.001) CONCENTRATIONS OF GLUCOSE. BUT THE DNA METHYLATION LEVEL OF H19 WAS NOT AFFECTED BY HIGH-GLUCOSE CONCENTRATIONS IN HUMAN IVM OOCYTES. WE ALSO FOUND THAT THERE WAS A DECREASE IN DNA METHYLATION LEVELS IN THE PROMOTER OF ADIPONECTIN IN HUMAN IVM OOCYTES BETWEEN CONTROLS AND OOCYTES EXPOSED TO 10 MM GLUCOSE (P = 0.028). LARGE SCALE DATA: N/A. LIMITATIONS REASONS FOR CAUTION: IT IS NOT CLEAR WHETHER THE ALTERATIONS ARE BENEFICIAL OR NOT FOR THE EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT AND OFFSPRING HEALTH. THE EFFECTS OF HIGH-GLUCOSE CONCENTRATIONS ON THE WHOLE PROCESS OF OOCYTE MATURATION ARE STILL NOT ELUCIDATED. ANOTHER ISSUE IS THAT THE NUMBER OF OOCYTES USED IN THIS STUDY WAS LIMITED. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: THIS IS THE FIRST TIME THAT THE EFFECTS OF HIGH-GLUCOSE CONCENTRATION ON DNA METHYLATION OF HUMAN OOCYTES HAVE BEEN ELUCIDATED. OUR RESULT INDICATES THAT IN HUMANS, THE HIGH RISK OF CHRONIC DISEASES IN OFFSPRING FROM DIABETIC MOTHERS MAY ORIGINATE FROM ABNORMAL DNA MODIFICATIONS IN OOCYTES. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S): THIS WORK WAS SUPPORTED BY THE FUND OF NATIONAL NATURAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION OF CHINA (81401198) AND DOCTOR FOUNDATION OF QINGDAO AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY (1116008).THE AUTHORS DECLARE THAT THERE ARE NO POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST RELEVANT TO THIS ARTICLE.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
4  5093  87 PLACENTAS FROM PREGNANCIES CONCEIVED BY IVF/ICSI HAVE A REDUCED DNA METHYLATION LEVEL AT THE H19 AND MEST DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS. STUDY QUESTION: DOES IVF/ICSI HAVE AN EFFECT ON THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF THE HUMAN PLACENTA? SUMMARY ANSWER: WE FOUND A REDUCED DNA METHYLATION LEVEL AT THE H19 AND MEST DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS (DMRS), AND AN INCREASED RNA EXPRESSION OF H19 IN PLACENTAS FROM PREGNANCIES CONCEIVED BY IVF/ICSI WHEN COMPARED WITH PLACENTAS FROM SPONTANEOUS CONCEPTION. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: CHANGES IN FETAL ENVIRONMENT ARE ASSOCIATED WITH ADVERSE HEALTH OUTCOMES. THE PLACENTA IS PIVOTAL FOR INTRAUTERINE ENVIRONMENT. ANIMAL STUDIES SHOW THAT EPIGENETIC REGULATION PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THESE ENVIRONMENT-INDUCED PHENOTYPIC EFFECTS. ALSO, THE PREIMPLANTATION EMBRYO ENVIRONMENT AFFECTS BIRTHWEIGHT AS WELL AS THE RISK OF CHRONIC ADULT DISEASES. EPIGENETIC PROCESSES ARE SENSITIVE TO THE ENVIRONMENT, ESPECIALLY DURING THE PERIOD AROUND CONCEPTION. STUDY DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: PLACENTAL TISSUE WAS COLLECTED FROM 35 SPONTANEOUSLY CONCEIVED PREGNANCIES AND 35 IVF/ICSI (5 IVF, 30 ICSI) DERIVED PREGNANCIES. WE QUANTITATIVELY ANALYSED THE DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS OF A NUMBER OF CONSECUTIVE CPGS IN THE CORE REGIONS OF DMRS AND OTHER REGULATORY REGIONS OF IMPRINTED GENES, SINCE THESE ARE INVOLVED IN PLACENTAL AND FETAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. METHODS: BY USING PYROSEQUENCING, THE DNA METHYLATION AT SEVEN GERMLINE-DERIVED PRIMARY DMRS WAS ANALYSED QUANTITATIVELY. FIVE OF THESE ARE MATERNALLY METHYLATED (MEST ISOFORM ALPHA AND BETA, PEG3, KCNQ1OT1 AND SNRPN) AND TWO ARE PATERNALLY METHYLATED [H19 DMR AND THE INTERGENIC REGION BETWEEN DLK1 AND MEG3 (IG-DMR)]. THE POST-FERTILIZATION-DERIVED SECONDARY DMRS, IGF2 (DMR0 AND 2) AND IG-DMR (CG7, ALSO CALLED MEG3 DMR), AND THE MEG3 PROMOTER REGION WERE EXAMINED AS WELL. IN CASE OF DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION BETWEEN THE TWO GROUPS, THE EFFECT ON GENE EXPRESSION WAS ASSESSED BY QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME PCR. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: BOTH THE PROMOTER REGION OF MEST ISOFORM ALPHA AND BETA AND THE 6TH CTCF BINDING SITE WITHIN THE H19 DMR WERE SIGNIFICANTLY HYPOMETHYLATED IN THE IVF/ICSI GROUP. THE PHENOMENON WAS CONSISTENTLY OBSERVED OVER ALL CPG SITES ANALYSED AND NOT RESTRICTED TO SINGLE CPG SITES. THE OTHER PRIMARY AND SECONDARY DMRS WERE NOT AFFECTED. EXPRESSION OF H19 WAS INCREASED IN THE IVF/ICSI GROUP, WHILE THAT OF IGF2 AND MEST REMAINED SIMILAR. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: IN THE IVF/ICSI GROUP, MOSTLY ICSI PREGNANCIES WERE INVESTIGATED. THE ICSI TECHNIQUE OR MALE SUBFERTILITY COULD BE A CONFOUNDING FACTOR. THEREFORE, OUR RESULTS ARE LESS GENERALIZABLE TO IVF PREGNANCIES. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: THE CLINICAL EFFECTS OF THE OBSERVED PLACENTAL HYPOMETHYLATIONS ON THE DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAMMING OF THE IVF/ICSI PROGENY, IF ANY, ARE AS YET UNKNOWN. WHETHER THE HYPOMETHYLATION IS AN ADAPTATION OF THE PLACENTA TO MAINTAIN FETAL SUPPLY AND AMELIORATE THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CUES, OR WHETHER IT IS A DEREGULATION LEADING TO DERANGED DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAMMING WITH OR WITHOUT INCREASED VULNERABILITY FOR DISEASE, CONSISTENT WITH THE DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGINS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE HYPOTHESIS, NEEDS FURTHER INVESTIGATION. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S): PARTLY FUNDED BY AN UNRESTRICTED RESEARCH GRANT BY ORGANON BV (NOW MSD BV) WITHOUT ANY ROLE IN STUDY DESIGN, DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS, OR PREPARATION OF THE MANUSCRIPT. NO CONFLICT OF INTERESTS TO DECLARE. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: DUTCH TRIAL REGISTRY (NTR) NUMBER 1298.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
5   745  97 CANNABIS ALTERS EPIGENETIC INTEGRITY AND ENDOCANNABINOID SIGNALLING IN THE HUMAN FOLLICULAR NICHE. STUDY QUESTION: DO PHYTOCANNABINOIDS (PCS) AFFECT FOLLICULAR ENDOCANNABINOID SIGNALLING AND THE EPIGENOME IN THE SURROUNDING GRANULOSA CELLS (GCS)? SUMMARY ANSWER: EXPOSURE TO PCS INCREASES THE EXPRESSION OF ENDOCANNABINOID RECEPTORS AND REDUCES DNA METHYLATION ENZYME EXPRESSION AND GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION IN NAIVE GCS. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: CANNABIS PLANT DERIVATIVES, KNOWN AS PCS, ARE USED FOR MEDICINAL AND RECREATIONAL PURPOSES. THE MAIN PC, TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL (THC), IS THE THIRD MOST COMMONLY USED SUBSTANCE BY WOMEN OF CHILDBEARING AGE, HENCE KNOWLEDGE OF THE EFFECT IT HAS ON REPRODUCTION IS OF UTMOST IMPORTANCE. THC EXERTS ITS EFFECTS VIA RECEPTORS OF THE ENDOCANNABINOID SYSTEM (ECS) AND CAN INTERFERE WITH FOLLICULOGENESIS, OOCYTE DEVELOPMENT AND OVULATION. ENDOCANNABINOIDS HAVE BEEN MEASURED IN FOLLICULAR FLUID (FF) OBTAINED DURING OOCYTE RETRIEVAL AND ARE IMPLICATED IN CONTROLLING FOLLICULOGENESIS. IT HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED THAT IN THE PLACENTA, PCS DISRUPT ENDOCANNABINOID HOMEOSTASIS VIA IMPAIRMENT OF THE SYNTHETIC AND DEGRADING ENZYMES, LEADING TO A NET INCREASE OF ENDOCANNABINOID LEVELS. FINALLY, PREVIOUS STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT THC ALTERS METHYLATION AND HISTONE MODIFICATIONS IN SPERM, BRAIN AND BLOOD CELLS. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: THIS STUDY INCLUDED AN IN VIVO COHORT ASSESSMENT OF CANNABIS EXPOSURE AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE FOLLICLE AND IN VITRO ASSAYS CONDUCTED TO VALIDATE THE IN VIVO FINDINGS AND TO EXPLORE POSSIBLE MECHANISMS OF ACTION. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: A TOTAL OF 318 FF SAMPLES, FROM 261 PATIENTS UNDERGOING IVF TREATMENT AT A PRIVATE FERTILITY CLINIC WHO CONSENTED FOR BIOBANKING BIOLOGICAL WASTE MATERIAL BETWEEN JANUARY 2018 AND JULY 2019, WERE INCLUDED IN THIS STUDY. CONCENTRATIONS OF PCS AND ENDOCANNABINOIDS WERE ASSESSED IN FF BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY (LC-MS/MS). EXPOSURE TO PCS WAS DETERMINED BASED ON THESE MEASURED LEVELS. LEVELS OF BOTH ENDOCANNABINOID RECEPTORS (CB1R, CB2R) AND THE DE NOVO DNA METHYLATING ENZYME, DNMT3B, IN GCS WERE ASSESSED BY FLOW CYTOMETRY BOTH IN VITRO AND IN VIVO AND GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION WAS ASSESSED IN VITRO BY ELISA. IN VIVO EFFECTS WERE ASSESSED BY COMPARING SAMPLES POSITIVE FOR AT LEAST ONE PC, WITH SAMPLES NEGATIVE FOR ALL MEASURED PCS. IN VITRO EFFECTS WERE DETERMINED IN NAIVE GCS, OBTAINED CONCURRENTLY WITH FF SAMPLES THAT HAD TESTED NEGATIVE FOR ALL PCS. THESE GCS WERE TREATED WITH DIFFERENT COMBINATIONS OF THE MAIN THREE PCS. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: OVERALL, 17 PATIENTS (6.4%) WERE POSITIVE FOR CANNABIS CONSUMPTION. FURTHERMORE, THE PREVALENCE OF CANNABIS POSITIVITY IN THE FF INCREASED FROM 4% OF THE TESTED SAMPLES THAT WERE COLLECTED PRIOR TO NATIONAL LEGALISATION IN OCTOBER 2018 TO 12% OF THOSE COLLECTED FOLLOWING LEGALISATION. OF NOTE, 59% OF PATIENTS WHO TESTED POSITIVE FOR PCS (10 OF 17) REPORTED PREVIOUS OR ONGOING EXPOSURE TO CANNABIS UPON THEIR INITIAL INTAKE. ENDOCANNABINOID LEVELS WERE NOT AFFECTED BY THE PRESENCE OF PCS. CB2R WAS MORE PREVALENT THAN CB1R IN GCS AND ITS EXPRESSION INCREASED FOLLOWING ACUTE AND CHRONIC IN VITRO EXPOSURE TO PCS. THE EXPRESSION OF DNMT3B AND GLOBAL METHYLATION DECREASED FOLLOWING EXPOSURE, SUGGESTING THAT CANNABIS MAY AFFECT THE EPIGENOME IN THE FOLLICULAR NICHE. THE ACUTE CHANGES WERE SUSTAINED THROUGHOUT CHRONIC TREATMENT. LARGE SCALE DATA: N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: OUR STUDY IS LIMITED BY LACK OF DETAILS REGARDING MODE, FREQUENCY AND TIMING OF PC CONSUMPTION. MOREOVER, WE WERE NOT ABLE TO ADEQUATELY ASSESS THE EFFECT OF PCS ON IMMEDIATE OR LONG-TERM CLINICAL OUTCOMES, DUE TO THE SMALL SAMPLE SIZE AND THE LACK OF FOLLOW UP. FUTURE, LARGE-SCALE STUDIES SHOULD FOCUS ON ASSESS THE CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS OF CANNABIS EXPOSURE, VALIDATE OUR FINDINGS, AND DETERMINE TO WHAT EXTENT CANNABIS AFFECTS THE EPIGENOME OVARIAN FOLLICLE AND THE DEVELOPING OOCYTE. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: TO OUR KNOWLEDGE, THIS IS THE FIRST STUDY MEASURING PCS IN FF BY LC-MS/MS. WE SHOW THAT CONSUMING CANNABIS ALTERS THE ECS IN THE DEVELOPING FOLLICLE, AND DIRECTLY AFFECTS DNMT EXPRESSION AND GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION LEVELS. CANNABIS LEGALISATION AND USE IS INCREASING WORLDWIDE, THEREFORE FURTHER UNDERSTANDING ITS ROLE IN FEMALE FERTILITY AND FOLLICULOGENESIS IS CRITICAL. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S): ALL FUNDING WAS PROVIDED BY CREATE FERTILITY CENTRE THROUGH THE REINVESTMENT OF CLINICAL EARNINGS. THE AUTHORS DECLARE NO COMPETING INTERESTS.	2021	

6  3179  53 HAIR CORTISOL AS A HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS BIOMARKER IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ASTHMA: A RETROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY. BACKGROUND: CORTISOL IS A HORMONE INVOLVED IN MANY PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS INCLUDING FETAL MATURATION AND EPIGENETIC PROGRAMMING DURING PREGNANCY. THIS STUDY AIMED TO USE HAIR CORTISOL AS A BIOMARKER OF CHRONIC INHALED CORTICOSTEROID (ICS) EXPOSURE AND ASSESS THE POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF ASTHMA ON THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL (HPA) AXIS IN PREGNANT WOMEN. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ASTHMA TREATED WITH ICS WOULD EXHIBIT LOWER HAIR CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS, INDICATIVE OF ADRENAL SUPPRESSION, COMPARED TO WOMEN WITH ASTHMA NOT USING ICS AND WOMEN WHO DO NOT HAVE ASTHMA. METHODS: WE PERFORMED AN OBSERVATIONAL RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY. HAIR SAMPLES WERE ANALYZED FROM PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ASTHMA, WITH (N = 56) AND WITHOUT (N = 31) ICS TREATMENT, AND PREGNANT WOMEN WITHOUT ASTHMA (N = 31). HAIR SAMPLES WERE SEGMENTED BASED ON THE GROWTH RATE OF 1 CM/MONTH AND ANALYZED BY ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY TO PROVIDE CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS CORRESPONDING TO PRECONCEPTION, TRIMESTERS 1-3, AND POSTPARTUM. HAIR CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS WERE COMPARED WITHIN AND AMONG THE GROUPS USING NON-PARAMETRIC STATISTICAL TESTS. RESULTS: HAIR CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS INCREASED ACROSS TRIMESTERS FOR ALL THREE GROUPS, BUT THIS INCREASE WAS DAMPENED IN WOMEN WITH ASTHMA (P = 0.03 FOR CONTROLS VS. ICS TREATED AND CONTROLS VS. NO ICS). ICS TREATED WOMEN TAKING MORE THAN FIVE DOSES PER WEEK HAD HAIR CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS 47 % LOWER IN THIRD TRIMESTER THAN CONTROLS. LINEAR REGRESSION OF THE THIRD TRIMESTER HAIR CORTISOL RESULTS IDENTIFIED ASTHMA AS A SIGNIFICANT FACTOR WHEN COMPARING CONSISTENT ICS USE OR ASTHMA AS THE PREDICTOR (F(1, 25) = 9.7, P = 0.005, R(2) ADJ = 0.257). CONCLUSIONS: HAIR CORTISOL SUCCESSFULLY SHOWED THE EXPECTED CHANGE IN CORTISOL OVER THE COURSE OF PREGNANCY AND MAY BE A USEFUL BIOMARKER OF HPA AXIS FUNCTION IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ASTHMA. THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF DECREASED MATERNAL CORTISOL IN WOMEN WITH ASTHMA ON PERINATAL OUTCOMES REMAINS TO BE DETERMINED.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
7  6384  46 THE ROLE OF POLYCARBONATE MONOMER BISPHENOL-A IN INSULIN RESISTANCE. BISPHENOL A (BPA) IS A SYNTHETIC UNIT OF POLYCARBONATE POLYMERS AND EPOXY RESINS, THE TYPES OF PLASTICS THAT COULD BE FOUND IN ESSENTIALLY EVERY HUMAN POPULATION AND INCORPORATED INTO ALMOST EVERY ASPECT OF THE MODERN HUMAN SOCIETY. BPA POLYMERS APPEAR IN A WIDE RANGE OF PRODUCTS, FROM LIQUID STORAGES (PLASTIC BOTTLES, CAN AND GLASS LININGS, WATER PIPES AND TANKS) AND FOOD STORAGES (PLASTICS WRAPS AND CONTAINERS), TO MEDICAL AND DENTAL DEVICES. BPA POLYMERS COULD BE HYDROLYZED SPONTANEOUSLY OR IN A PHOTO- OR TEMPERATURE-CATALYZED PROCESS, PROVIDING WIDESPREAD ENVIRONMENTAL DISTRIBUTION AND CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO THE BPA MONOMER IN CONTEMPORARY HUMAN POPULATIONS. BISPHENOL A IS ALSO A XENOESTROGEN, AN ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICAL (EDC) THAT INTERFERES WITH THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM MIMICKING THE EFFECTS OF AN ESTROGEN AND COULD POTENTIALLY KEEP OUR ENDOCRINE SYSTEM IN A CONSTANT PERTURBATION THAT PARALLELS ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION ARISING DURING PREGNANCY, SUCH AS INSULIN RESISTANCE (IR). GESTATIONAL INSULIN RESISTANCE REPRESENTS A NATURAL BIOLOGICAL PHENOMENON OF HIGHER INSULIN RESISTANCE IN PERIPHERAL TISSUES OF THE PREGNANT FEMALES, WHEN NUTRIENTS ARE INCREASINGLY BEING DIRECTED TO THE EMBRYO INSTEAD OF BEING STORED IN PERIPHERAL TISSUES. GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS MAY APPEAR IN HEALTHY NON-DIABETIC FEMALES, DUE TO GESTATIONAL INSULIN RESISTANCE THAT LEADS TO INCREASED BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS AND HYPERINSULINEMIA (INCREASED INSULIN PRODUCTION FROM THE PANCREATIC BETA CELLS). THE HYPOTHESIS STATES THAT UNNOTICED AND CONSTANT EXPOSURE TO THIS ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL MIGHT POTENTIALLY LEAD TO THE FORMATION OF CHRONIC LOW-LEVEL ENDOCRINE DISRUPTIVE STATE THAT RESEMBLES GESTATIONAL INSULIN RESISTANCE, WHICH MIGHT CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIABETES. THE INCREASING BODY OF EVIDENCE SUPPORTS THE MAJOR PREMISES OF THIS HYPOTHESIS, AS EXEMPLIFIED BY THE NUMEROUS PUBLICATIONS EXAMINING THE ASSOCIATION OF BPA AND INSULIN RESISTANCE, BOTH EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND MECHANISTIC. HOWEVER, TO WHAT EXTENT BPA MIGHT CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIABETES IN THE MODERN SOCIETIES STILL REMAINS UNKNOWN. IN THIS REVIEW, I DISCUSS THE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BPA AND THE SOURCES OF BPA CONTAMINATION FOUND IN THE ENVIRONMENT AND IN HUMAN TISSUES. I PROVIDE AN OVERVIEW OF MECHANISMS FOR THE PROPOSED ROLE OF BISPHENOL A IN INSULIN RESISTANCE AND DIABETES, AS WELL AS OTHER RELATED DISEASES, SUCH AS CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES. I DESCRIBE THE TRANSMISSION OF BPA EFFECTS TO THE OFFSPRING AND POSTULATE THAT GENDER RELATED DIFFERENCES MIGHT ORIGINATE FROM DIFFERENCES IN LIVER ENZYME LEVELS, SUCH AS UDP-GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASE, WHICH IS INVOLVED IN BPA PROCESSING AND ITS ELIMINATION FROM THE ORGANISM. I DISCUSS THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF BPA ACTION THROUGH NUCLEAR AND MEMBRANE-BOUND ER RECEPTORS, NON-MONOTONIC DOSE RESPONSE, EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS OF THE DNA AND PROPOSE THAT CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO WEAK BINDERS, SUCH AS BPA, MAY MIMIC THE EFFECTS OF STRONG BINDERS, SUCH AS ESTROGENS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
8  1930  41 ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES AROUND CONCEPTION: DEVELOPMENTAL PATHWAYS LEADING TO LIFETIME DISEASE RISK. ENVIRONMENT AROUND CONCEPTION CAN INFLUENCE THE DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAMME WITH LASTING EFFECTS ON GESTATIONAL AND POSTNATAL PHENOTYPE AND WITH CONSEQUENCES FOR ADULT HEALTH AND DISEASE RISK. PERI-CONCEPTION EXPOSURE COMPRISES A CRUCIAL PART OF THE 'DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGINS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE' (DOHAD) CONCEPT. IN THIS REVIEW, WE CONSIDER THE EFFECTS OF MATERNAL UNDERNUTRITION EXPERIENCED DURING THE PERI-CONCEPTION PERIOD IN SELECT HUMAN MODELS AND IN A MOUSE EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF PROTEIN RESTRICTION. HUMAN DATASETS INDICATE THAT MACRONUTRIENT DEPRIVATION AROUND CONCEPTION AFFECT THE EPIGENOME, WITH ENDURING EFFECTS ON CARDIOMETABOLIC AND NEUROLOGICAL HEALTH. THE MOUSE MODEL, COMPRISING MATERNAL LOW PROTEIN DIET EXCLUSIVELY DURING THE PERI-CONCEPTION PERIOD, HAS REVEALED A STEPWISE PROGRESSION IN ALTERED DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAMMING FOLLOWING INDUCTION THROUGH MATERNAL METABOLITE DEFICIENCY. THIS PROGRESSION INCLUDES DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS IN EXTRA-EMBRYONIC AND EMBRYONIC CELL LINEAGES AND TISSUES, LEADING TO MALADAPTATION IN THE GROWTH TRAJECTORY AND INCREASED CHRONIC DISEASE COMORBIDITIES. THE TIMELINE EMBRACES AN ARRAY OF MECHANISMS ACROSS NUTRIENT SENSING AND SIGNALLING, CELLULAR, METABOLIC, EPIGENETIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES WITH A COORDINATING ROLE FOR MTORC1 SIGNALLING PROPOSED. EARLY EMBRYOS APPEAR ACTIVE PARTICIPANTS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SENSING TO OPTIMISE THE DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAMME FOR SURVIVAL BUT WITH THE TRADE-OFF OF LATER DISEASE. SIMILAR ADVERSE HEALTH OUTCOMES MAY DERIVE FROM OTHER PERI-CONCEPTION ENVIRONMENTAL EXPERIENCES, INCLUDING MATERNAL OVERNUTRITION, MICRONUTRIENT AVAILABILITY, POLLUTANT EXPOSURE AND ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TREATMENTS (ART) AND SUPPORT THE NEED FOR PRECONCEPTION HEALTH BEFORE PREGNANCY.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
9  4015  47 LOW-DOSE EXPOSURE TO BISPHENOLS A, F AND S OF HUMAN PRIMARY ADIPOCYTE IMPACTS CODING AND NON-CODING RNA PROFILES. BISPHENOL A (BPA) EXPOSURE HAS BEEN SUSPECTED TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH DELETERIOUS EFFECTS ON HEALTH INCLUDING OBESITY AND METABOLICALLY-LINKED DISEASES. ALTHOUGH BISPHENOLS F (BPF) AND S (BPS) ARE BPA STRUCTURAL ANALOGS COMMONLY USED IN MANY MARKETED PRODUCTS AS A REPLACEMENT FOR BPA, ONLY SPARSE TOXICOLOGICAL DATA ARE AVAILABLE YET. OUR OBJECTIVE WAS TO COMPREHENSIVELY CHARACTERIZE BISPHENOLS GENE TARGETS IN A HUMAN PRIMARY ADIPOCYTE MODEL, IN ORDER TO DETERMINE WHETHER THEY MAY INDUCE CELLULAR DYSFUNCTION, USING CHRONIC EXPOSURE AT TWO CONCENTRATIONS: A "LOW-DOSE" SIMILAR TO THE DOSE USUALLY ENCOUNTERED IN HUMAN BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS AND A HIGHER DOSE. THEREFORE, BPA, BPF AND BPS HAVE BEEN ADDED AT 10 NM OR 10 MUM DURING THE DIFFERENTIATION OF HUMAN PRIMARY ADIPOCYTES FROM SUBCUTANEOUS FAT OF THREE NON-DIABETIC CAUCASIAN FEMALE PATIENTS. GENE EXPRESSION (MRNA/LNCRNA) ARRAYS AND MICRORNA ARRAYS, HAVE BEEN USED TO ASSESS CODING AND NON-CODING RNA CHANGES. WE DETECTED SIGNIFICANTLY DEREGULATED MRNA/LNCRNA AND MIRNA AT LOW AND HIGH DOSES. ENRICHMENT IN "CANCER" AND "ORGANISMAL INJURY AND ABNORMALITIES" RELATED PATHWAYS WAS FOUND IN RESPONSE TO THE THREE PRODUCTS. SOME LONG INTERGENIC NON-CODING RNAS AND SMALL NUCLEOLAR RNAS WERE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED SUGGESTING THAT BISPHENOLS MAY ALSO ACTIVATE MULTIPLE CELLULAR PROCESSES AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS. THE ANALYSIS OF UPSTREAM REGULATORS OF DEREGULATED GENES HIGHLIGHTED HORMONES OR HORMONE-LIKE CHEMICALS SUGGESTING THAT BPS AND BPF CAN BE SUSPECTED TO INTERFERE, JUST LIKE BPA, WITH HORMONAL REGULATION AND HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED AS ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS. ALL THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT AS BPA, ITS SUBSTITUTES BPS AND BPF SHOULD BE USED WITH THE SAME RESTRICTIONS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
10    73  49 A MULTI-GENERATIONAL STUDY ON LOW-DOSE BPA EXPOSURE IN WISTAR RATS: EFFECTS ON MATERNAL BEHAVIOR, FLAVOR INTAKE AND DEVELOPMENT. BISPHENOL A (BPA) IS A COMMON ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR FOUND AS AN ENVIRONMENTAL AND FOOD CONTAMINANT. IT EXERTS BOTH DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS, MAINLY WHEN EXPOSURE OCCURS IN EARLY LIFE. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE THE MULTI-GENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF CHRONIC, HUMAN-RELEVANT LOW-DOSE EXPOSURE TO BPA ON DEVELOPMENT, MATERNAL BEHAVIOR AND FLAVOR PREFERENCE IN WISTAR RATS. BPA WAS ORALLY ADMINISTERED AT A DAILY DOSE OF 5 MUG/KG BODY WEIGHT TO F0 PREGNANT DAMS FROM THE FIRST DAY OF GESTATION (GD 1) UNTIL THE LAST DAY OF LACTATION (LD 21), AND THEN TO F1 OFFSPRING FROM WEANING (PND 21) TO ADULTHOOD (PND 100). F2 OFFSPRING WERE NOT EXPOSED. DEVELOPMENT AND CLINICAL SIGNS OF TOXICITY WERE ASSESSED DAILY. MATERNAL BEHAVIOR WAS EVALUATED BY OBSERVING NURSING AND PUP-CARING ACTIONS, AS WELL AS "NON-MATERNAL" BEHAVIORS IN F0 AND F1 DAMS FROM PARTURITION UNTIL LD 8. THE FLAVOR PREFERENCES OF F1 AND F2 OFFSPRING WERE EVALUATED BASED ON THE INTAKE OF SWEET, SALT AND FAT SOLUTIONS USING THE TWO-BOTTLE CHOICE TEST ON PND 21-34 AND PND 86-99. BPA EXPOSURE: 1) DECREASED MATERNAL BEHAVIOR IN F1 DAMS, 2) CAUSED DEVELOPMENTAL DEFECTS IN BOTH F1 AND F2 OFFSPRING, WITH A NOTICEABLE DECREASE IN ANOGENITAL DISTANCE IN MALE RATS, AND 3) DID NOT AFFECT FLAVORED SOLUTION INTAKE IN F1, BUT INDUCED CHANGES IN SWEET PREFERENCE IN F2 JUVENILES AND IN SALT AND FAT SOLUTION INTAKES IN F2 ADULTS, AND 4) INDUCED A BODY WEIGHT INCREASE IN THE F2 GENERATION ONLY, WHEREAS FOOD INTAKE AND WATER CONSUMPTION DID NOT CHANGE. TAKEN AS A WHOLE, OUR FINDINGS SHOWED THAT BOTH GESTATIONAL (F0) AND LIFELONG (F1) EXPOSURES TO A HUMAN-RELEVANT DOSE OF BPA COULD INDUCE MULTI-GENERATIONAL EFFECTS ON BOTH DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST POSSIBLE SELECTIVE NEUROENDOCRINE DEFECTS AND/OR EPIGENETIC CHANGES CAUSED BY BPA EXPOSURE.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
11  2632  55 EPIGENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION AND PESTICIDE USE IN THE AGRICULTURAL LUNG HEALTH STUDY. BACKGROUND: PESTICIDE EXPOSURE IS ASSOCIATED WITH MANY LONG-TERM HEALTH OUTCOMES; THE POTENTIAL UNDERLYING MECHANISMS ARE NOT WELL ESTABLISHED FOR MOST ASSOCIATIONS. EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, SUCH AS DNA METHYLATION, MAY CONTRIBUTE. INDIVIDUAL PESTICIDES MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH SPECIFIC DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS BUT NO EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY (EWAS) HAS EVALUATED METHYLATION IN RELATION TO INDIVIDUAL PESTICIDES. OBJECTIVES: WE CONDUCTED AN EWAS OF DNA METHYLATION IN RELATION TO SEVERAL PESTICIDE ACTIVE INGREDIENTS. METHODS: THE AGRICULTURAL LUNG HEALTH STUDY IS A CASE-CONTROL STUDY OF ASTHMA, NESTED WITHIN THE AGRICULTURAL HEALTH STUDY. WE ANALYZED BLOOD DNA METHYLATION MEASURED USING ILLUMINA'S EPIC ARRAY IN 1,170 MALE FARMERS OF EUROPEAN ANCESTRY. FOR PESTICIDES STILL ON THE MARKET AT BLOOD COLLECTION (2009-2013), WE EVALUATED NINE ACTIVE INGREDIENTS FOR WHICH AT LEAST 30 PARTICIPANTS REPORTED PAST AND CURRENT (WITHIN THE LAST 12 MONTHS) USE, AS WELL AS SEVEN BANNED ORGANOCHLORINES WITH AT LEAST 30 PARTICIPANTS REPORTING PAST USE. WE USED ROBUST LINEAR REGRESSION TO COMPARE METHYLATION AT INDIVIDUAL C-PHOSPHATE-G SITES (CPGS) AMONG USERS OF A SPECIFIC PESTICIDE TO NEVER USERS. RESULTS: USING FAMILY-WISE ERROR RATE (P < 9 X 10-8) OR FALSE-DISCOVERY RATE (FDR < 0.05), WE IDENTIFIED 162 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPGS ACROSS 8 OF 9 CURRENTLY MARKETED ACTIVE INGREDIENTS (ACETOCHLOR, ATRAZINE, DICAMBA, GLYPHOSATE, MALATHION, METOLACHLOR, MESOTRIONE, AND PICLORAM) AND ONE BANNED ORGANOCHLORINE (HEPTACHLOR). DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPGS WERE UNIQUE TO EACH ACTIVE INGREDIENT, AND A DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP WITH LIFETIME DAYS OF USE WAS OBSERVED FOR MOST. SIGNIFICANT CPGS WERE ENRICHED FOR TRANSCRIPTION MOTIFS AND 28% OF CPGS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH WHOLE BLOOD CIS-GENE EXPRESSION, SUPPORTING FUNCTIONAL EFFECTS OF FINDINGS. WE CORROBORATED A PREVIOUSLY REPORTED ASSOCIATION BETWEEN DICHLORODIPHENYLTRICHLOROETHANE (BANNED IN THE UNITED STATES IN 1972) AND EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION. DISCUSSION: WE IDENTIFIED DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION FOR SEVERAL ACTIVE INGREDIENTS IN MALE FARMERS OF EUROPEAN ANCESTRY. THESE MAY SERVE AS BIOMARKERS OF CHRONIC EXPOSURE AND COULD INFORM MECHANISMS OF LONG-TERM HEALTH OUTCOMES FROM PESTICIDE EXPOSURE. HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.1289/EHP8928.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
12   483  47 ART AND HEALTH: CLINICAL OUTCOMES AND INSIGHTS ON MOLECULAR MECHANISMS FROM RODENT STUDIES. SINCE THE BIRTH OF THE FIRST IVF-CONCEIVED CHILD IN 1978, THE USE OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES (ART) HAS GROWN DRAMATICALLY, CONTRIBUTING TO THE SUCCESSFUL BIRTH OF 5 MILLION INDIVIDUALS WORLDWIDE. HOWEVER, THERE ARE SEVERAL REPORTED ASSOCIATIONS OF ART WITH PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS, SUCH AS LOW BIRTHWEIGHT (LBW), PRETERM BIRTH, BIRTH DEFECTS, EPIGENETIC DISORDERS, CANCER AND POOR METABOLIC HEALTH. WHETHER THIS IS ATTRIBUTED TO ART PROCEDURES OR TO THE SUBSET OF THE POPULATION SEEKING ART REMAINS A CONTROVERSY, BUT THE MOST RELEVANT QUESTION TODAY CONCERNS THE POTENTIAL LONG-TERM IMPLICATIONS OF ASSISTED CONCEPTION. RECENT EVIDENCE HAS EMERGED SUGGESTING THAT ART-CONCEIVED CHILDREN HAVE DISTINCT METABOLIC PROFILES THAT MAY PREDISPOSE TO CARDIOVASCULAR PATHOLOGIES IN ADULTHOOD. BECAUSE THE ELDEST IVF INDIVIDUALS ARE STILL TOO YOUNG TO EXHIBIT COMPONENTS OF CHRONIC MIDDLE-AGED SYNDROMES, THE USE OF ANIMAL MODELS HAS BECOME PARTICULARLY USEFUL IN DESCRIBING THE EFFECTS OF UNUSUAL OR STRESSFUL PREIMPLANTATION EXPERIENCES ON ADULT FITNESS. ELUCIDATING THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS BY WHICH EMBRYOS INTEGRATE ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNALS INTO DEVELOPMENT AND METABOLIC GENE EXPRESSION PROGRAMS WILL BE ESSENTIAL FOR OPTIMIZING ART PROCEDURES SUCH AS IN VITRO CULTURE CONDITIONS, EMBRYO SELECTION AND TRANSFER. IN THE FUTURE, ADDITIONAL ANIMAL STUDIES TO IDENTIFY MECHANISMS UNDERLYING UNFAVORABLE ART OUTCOMES, AS WELL AS MORE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL REVIEWS TO MONITOR THE LONG-TERM HEALTH OF ART CHILDREN ARE REQUIRED, GIVEN THAT ART PROCEDURES HAVE BECOME ROUTINE MEDICAL PRACTICE.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
13  2149  43 EPIGENETIC MARKERS TO PREDICT CONVERSION FROM GESTATIONAL DIABETES TO TYPE 2 DIABETES. CONTEXT: LIFESTYLE FACTORS MEDIATE EPIGENETIC CHANGES THAT CAN CAUSE CHRONIC DISEASES. ALTHOUGH ANIMAL AND LABORATORY STUDIES LINK EPIGENETIC CHANGES TO DIABETES, EPIGENETIC INFORMATION IN WOMEN WITH GESTATIONAL DIABETES (GDM) AND TYPE 2 DIABETES IS LACKING. OBJECTIVE: THIS STUDY SOUGHT TO MEASURE EPIGENETIC MARKERS ACROSS PREGNANCY AND EARLY POSTPARTUM AND IDENTIFY MARKERS THAT COULD BE USED AS PREDICTORS FOR CONVERSION FROM GDM TO TYPE 2 DIABETES. DESIGN: GLOBAL HISTONE H3 DIMETHYLATION WAS MEASURED IN WHITE BLOOD CELLS AT THREE TIME POINTS: 30 WK GESTATION, 8-10 WK POSTPARTUM, AND 20 WK POSTPARTUM, FROM FOUR GROUPS OF WOMEN WITH AND WITHOUT DIABETES. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: A TOTAL OF 39 PARTICIPANTS (SIX TO NINE IN EACH GROUP) WERE RECRUITED INCLUDING: NONDIABETIC WOMEN; WOMEN WITH GDM WHO DEVELOPED POSTPARTUM TYPE 2 DIABETES; WOMEN WITH GDM WITHOUT POSTPARTUM TYPE 2 DIABETES; AND WOMEN WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: PERCENTAGES OF DIMETHYLATION OF H3 HISTONES RELATIVE TO TOTAL H3 HISTONE METHYLATION WERE COMPARED BETWEEN DIABETIC/NONDIABETIC GROUPS USING APPROPRIATE COMPARATIVE STATISTICS. RESULTS: H3K27 DIMETHYLATION WAS 50-60% LOWER AT 8-10 AND 20 WK POSTPARTUM IN WOMEN WITH GDM WHO DEVELOPED TYPE 2 DIABETES, COMPARED WITH NONDIABETIC WOMEN. H3K4 DIMETHYLATION WAS 75% LOWER AT 8-10 WK POSTPARTUM IN WOMEN WITH GDM WHO SUBSEQUENTLY DEVELOPED TYPE 2 DIABETES COMPARED WITH WOMEN WHO HAD GDM WHO DID NOT. CONCLUSIONS: THE PERCENTAGE OF DIMETHYLATION OF HISTONES H3K27 AND H3K4 VARIED WITH DIABETIC STATE AND HAS THE POTENTIAL AS A PREDICTIVE TOOL TO IDENTIFY WOMEN WHO WILL CONVERT FROM GDM TO TYPE 2 DIABETES.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
14   518  41 ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ANTIBIOTIC EXPOSURE DURING PREGNANCY, BIRTH WEIGHT AND ABERRANT METHYLATION AT IMPRINTED GENES AMONG OFFSPRING. OBJECTIVES: LOW BIRTH WEIGHT (LBW) HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH COMMON ADULT-ONSET CHRONIC DISEASES, INCLUDING OBESITY, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, TYPE II DIABETES AND SOME CANCERS. THE ETIOLOGY OF LBW IS MULTI-FACTORIAL. HOWEVER, RECENT EVIDENCE SUGGESTS EXPOSURE TO ANTIBIOTICS MAY ALSO INCREASE THE RISK OF LBW. THE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THIS ASSOCIATION ARE UNKNOWN, ALTHOUGH EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS ARE HYPOTHESIZED. IN THIS STUDY, WE EVALUATED THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MATERNAL ANTIBIOTIC USE AND LBW AND EXAMINED THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF ALTERED DNA METHYLATION THAT CONTROLS GROWTH REGULATORY IMPRINTED GENES IN THESE ASSOCIATIONS. METHODS: BETWEEN 2009-2011, 397 PREGNANT WOMEN WERE ENROLLED AND FOLLOWED UNTIL DELIVERY. PRENATAL ANTIBIOTIC USE WAS ASCERTAINED THROUGH MATERNAL SELF-REPORT. IMPRINTED GENES METHYLATION LEVELS WERE MEASURED AT DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS (DMRS) USING BISULFITE PYROSEQUENCING. GENERALIZED LINEAR MODELS WERE USED TO EXAMINE ASSOCIATIONS AMONG ANTIBIOTIC USE, BIRTH WEIGHT AND DMR METHYLATION FRACTIONS. RESULTS: AFTER ADJUSTING FOR INFANT GENDER, RACE/ETHNICITY, MATERNAL BODY MASS INDEX, DELIVERY ROUTE, GESTATIONAL WEIGHT GAIN, GESTATIONAL AGE AT DELIVERY, FOLIC ACID INTAKE, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, MATERNAL SMOKING AND PARITY, ANTIBIOTIC USE DURING PREGNANCY WAS ASSOCIATED WITH 138 G LOWER BIRTH WEIGHT COMPARED WITH NON-ANTIBIOTIC USE (BETA-COEFFICIENT=-132.99, S.E.=50.70, P=0.008). THESE ASSOCIATIONS WERE STRONGEST IN NEWBORNS OF WOMEN WHO REPORTED ANTIBIOTIC USE OTHER THAN PENICILLINS (BETA-COEFFICIENT=-135.57, S.E.=57.38, P=0.02). METHYLATION AT FIVE DMRS, IGF2 (P=0.05), H19 (P=0.15), PLAGL1 (P=0.01), MEG3 (P=0.006) AND PEG3 (P=0.08), WAS ASSOCIATED WITH MATERNAL ANTIBIOTIC USE; AMONG THESE, ONLY METHYLATION AT THE PLAGL1 DMR WAS ALSO ASSOCIATED WITH BIRTH WEIGHT. CONCLUSION: WE REPORT AN INVERSE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN IN UTERO EXPOSURE TO ANTIBIOTICS AND LOWER INFANT BIRTH WEIGHT AND PROVIDE THE FIRST EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE SUPPORTING IMPRINTED GENE PLASTICITY IN THESE ASSOCIATIONS.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
15  1140  36 CONCENTRATION OF FOLIC ACID (FA) IN SERUM OF JAPANESE PREGNANT WOMEN. OBJECTIVES EXPOSURE TO INORGANIC ARSENIC (IAS) IS A WORLD-WIDE HEALTH CONCERN. WE REPORTED THAT JAPANESE CHILDREN AND PREGNANT WOMEN ARE EXPOSED TO MODERATE LEVELS OF IAS THROUGH FOOD. REDUCING IAS CONTAMINATION FROM FOODS OF HIGH IAS IS AN IMPORTANT ISSUE UNIQUE IN JAPAN. INTEGRATED IAS IS METHYLATED TO LESS TOXIC ORGANIC FORMS, AND S-ADENOSYL-L-METHYONINE (SAM), A COMMON METHYL-DONOR OF DNA AND HISTONES, IS UTILIZED IN THIS PROCESS. CHRONIC CONSUMPTION OF SAM BY IAS METABOLISM DUE TO EXPOSURE TO IAS MIGHT ALTER THE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OF GENOME. THE SAM BIOSYNTHESIS PATHWAY IS DEPENDENT ON FOLATE CYCLE, AND IT IS POSSIBLE THAT INGESTION OF SUFFICIENT FOLIC ACID (FA) IS PROTECTIVE TO IAS INDUCED TOXICITY. METHODS IN THE COURSE OF OUR CROSS-SECTIONAL BODY BURDEN ANALYSES OF PB AND IAS IN JAPANESE CHILDREN AND PREGNANT WOMEN, TERMED "PBAS STUDY", FA CONCENTRATION IN SERUM OF 104 PREGNANT WOMEN WAS MEASURED. RESULTS MEAN (+/-SEM) OF SERUM FA CONCENTRATION WAS 15.8 +/- 1.3 (NG/ML). THERE ARE SIGNIFICANT NUMBER OF PEOPLE SHOWING VERY HIGH FA (>30 NG/ ML), AND LARGE FRACTION OF THEM WERE TAKING SUPPLEMENTS DAILY. CONCLUSIONS THESE RESULTS SUGGESTED THAT LEVEL OF FA INGESTION OF JAPANESE PREGNANT WOMEN IS HIGH FOR SUPPORTING NORMAL FETAL DEVELOPMENT.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
16   653  31 BISPHENOL A, HYPERTENSION, AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL, LABORATORY, AND CLINICAL TRIAL EVIDENCE. BISPHENOL A (BPA) EXPOSURE HAS BECOME ONE OF THE MOST COMMON ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL EXPOSURES IN HUMANS. THERE IS GROWING EVIDENCE REGARDING AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BPA EXPOSURE, HYPERTENSION, AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES (CVD). IF BPA EXPOSURE IS INDEED ASSOCIATED WITH RAISED BLOOD PRESSURE AND CVD, IT WOULD BE A MAJOR PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM. THEREFORE, WE REVIEWED THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL, LABORATORY, AND CLINICAL TRIAL EVIDENCE FOR AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BPA EXPOSURE, CVD, AND HYPERTENSION, AND DISCUSSED THE POSSIBLE MECHANISMS IN THIS ARTICLE. CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES IN VARIOUS ETHNICITIES SUGGESTED A POSSIBLE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BPA EXPOSURE AND HYPERTENSION; THIS ASSOCIATION WAS SUPPORTED BY A PANEL STUDY AND A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL. DESPITE THE DISCORDANCE AMONG CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES ABOUT AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BPA EXPOSURE AND CVD, A LONGITUDINAL STUDY SHOWS THAT BPA EXPOSURE IS A RISK FACTOR FOR CVD. THE EFFECTS OF BPA EXPOSURE SUCH AS ENDOCRINAL DISTURBANCE, INDUCTION OF OXIDATIVE STRESS AND INFLAMMATION, EPIGENETIC CHANGE, AND LINKS WITH OTHER CHRONIC DISEASES MAY HIGHLIGHT A POSSIBLE MECHANISM BETWEEN BPA EXPOSURE, CVD, AND HYPERTENSION. TO CLARIFY THE CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP, WELL-DESIGNED STUDIES ARE NEEDED IN THE FUTURE.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
17  4066  34 MATERNAL AND PATERNAL PERICONCEPTIONAL NUTRITION AS AN INDICATOR OF OFFSPRING METABOLIC SYNDROME RISK IN LATER LIFE THROUGH EPIGENETIC IMPRINTING: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. AIMS: THIS REVIEW EXAMINED WHETHER MATERNAL AND PATERNAL PERICONCEPTIONAL NUTRITION EFFECTS AN OFFSPRING'S LIKELIHOOD OF DEVELOPING CHRONIC METABOLIC RELATED CONDITIONS DUE TO EPIGENETIC IMPRINTING. METHODS: A LITERATURE SEARCH WAS CONDUCTED IN MULTIPLE SCIENCE DATABASES AND LIMITED TO STUDIES PUBLISHED AFTER 2012, IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND PEER REVIEWED. THE DATA FROM SELECTED ARTICLES WERE EXTRACTED AND A QUALITATIVE APPROACH WAS EMPLOYED DUE TO HETEROGENEITY OF RESULTS. RESULTS: NEWBORNS FROM OBESE FATHERS SHOWED ALTERED METHYLATION OVERALL AND SIGNIFICANT HYPOMETHYLATION AT THE INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR 2 (IGF2) GENE. HIGH MATERNAL PRE-PREGNANCY BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) WAS ASSOCIATED WITH ALTERED OFFSPRING DNA METHYLATION LEVELS AND GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS INDUCED SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED METHYLATION LEVELS IN OFFSPRING. GESTATIONAL WEIGHT GAIN WAS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CORD BLOOD. BIRTH WEIGHT WAS HIGHER IN OFFSPRING EXPOSED TO FAMINE IN EARLY GESTATION. OFFSPRING BORN POST MATERNAL BARIATRIC SURGERY SHOWED A LOWER PERCENTAGE OF BODY FAT AND IMPROVED FASTING INSULIN LEVELS COMPARED TO SIBLINGS BORN PRE-MATERNAL BARIATRIC SURGERY. CONCLUSIONS: THE AVAILABLE EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT POOR MATERNAL AND PATERNAL PERICONCEPTIONAL NUTRITION CAN INCREASE THE RISK OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN OFFSPRING, THROUGH EPIGENETIC IMPRINTING. POTENTIAL PARENTS SHOULD BE ADVISED THAT MAINTAINING A HEALTHY DIET AND BMI IS LIKELY TO REDUCE THE RISK OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN OFFSPRING.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
18  1888  33 ENDOMETRIOSIS AND IN VITRO FERTILISATION. THE AIM OF THE PRESENT REVIEW WAS TO DISCUSS A MATTER OF CONCERN IN THE CLINICAL FIELD OF OBSTETRICS/GYNECOLOGY, NAMELY THE POTENCY OF IN VITRO FERTILIZATION (IVF) IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ENDOMETRIOSIS-ASSOCIATED INFERTILITY. ENDOMETRIOSIS IS A MEDICAL CONDITION AFFECTING ONE TENTH OF WOMEN IN THEIR FERTILE YEARS, AND ACCOUNTS FOR UP TO 50% OF INFERTILE WOMEN. THUS, SUCH HIGH PREVALENCE HAS ESTABLISHED THE NECESSITY FOR INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AVAILABLE TECHNIQUES IN ERADICATING THE DISEASE AND CONSTRAINING INFERTILITY AS WELL AS THE ACCOMPANYING PAIN SYMPTOMS OF ENDOMETRIOSIS. THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS CONNECTING ENDOMETRIOSIS WITH LOW FECUNDITY HAVE BEEN EXTENSIVELY STUDIED, BOTH IN TERMS OF GENETIC ALTERATIONS AND EPIGENETIC EVENTS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO THE MANIFESTATION OF AN INFERTILITY PHENOTYPE IN WOMEN WITH THE DISEASE. SEVERAL STUDIES HAVE DEALT WITH THE IMPACT OF IVF IN PREGNANCY RATES (PRS) ON PATIENTS WITH ENDOMETRIOSIS, PARTICULARLY REGARDING WOMEN WHO WISH TO CONCEIVE. RESULTS RETRIEVED FROM STUDIES AND META-ANALYSES DEPICT A DIVERSE PATTERN OF IVF SUCCESS, UNDERLINING THE INVOLVEMENT OF INDIVIDUAL PARAMETERS IN THE CONFIGURATION OF THE FINAL OUTCOME. THE ULTIMATE DECISION ON UNDERGOING IVF TREATMENT SHOULD BE BASED ON OBJECTIVE CRITERIA AND CLINICIANS' EXPERIENCE, CUSTOMIZED ACCORDING TO PATIENTS' INDIVIDUAL NEEDS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
19  3452  36 HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS OF PREGNANCY SHARE COMMON CFDNA METHYLATION PROFILES. HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS OF PREGNANCY (HDP) CONTRIBUTE SUBSTANTIALLY TO PERINATAL MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY. EPIGENETIC CHANGES POINT TOWARDS CARDIO-METABOLIC DYSREGULATION FOR THESE VASCULAR DISORDERS. IN EARLY PREGNANCY, EPIGENETIC CHANGES USING CELL FREE DNA (CFDNA) ARE LARGELY UNEXPLORED. WE AIMED TO INVESTIGATE THESE IN HDP BETWEEN 11 AND 14 WEEKS OF GESTATION BY ANALYSIS OF CFDNA METHYLATION PROFILES IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS. WE IDENTIFIED PATIENTS WITHOUT CHRONIC HYPERTENSION BUT WITH SUBSEQUENT DEVELOPMENT OF PREECLAMPSIA (PE) (N = 11), WITH CHRONIC HYPERTENSION (HT) BUT WITHOUT PE DEVELOPMENT (N = 14), AND LACKING BOTH PE AND HT (N = 422). WE MATCHED PATIENTS ACCORDING TO PE RISK FACTORS INTO THREE GROUPS (N = 5 EACH GROUP): (1) PE: NO HT BUT PE DEVELOPMENT, (2) HT: CHRONIC HYPERTENSION BUT NO PE AND (3) CONTROL: NO PE OR HT. WE SUCCESSFULLY OPTIMIZED OUR CFDNA ISOLATION PROCESS PRIOR TO WHOLE GENOME BISULFITE SEQUENCING. ANALYSIS OF CFDNA METHYLATION CHANGES INDICATE A COMMON PREDISPOSITION IN PE AND HT GROUPS, CHIEFLY OF MATERNAL ORIGIN. ASSESSMENT OF SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS AND ANNOTATED GENES POINT TOWARDS A COMMON CARDIOVASCULAR PREDISPOSITION IN PREECLAMPSIA AND HYPERTENSION GROUPS IN THE FIRST TRIMESTER. WE POSTULATE THE PIVOTAL ROLE OF THE MATERNAL CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM IN HDP, WHICH IS ALREADY EVIDENT IN THE FIRST TRIMESTER.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
20  1009  56 CHRONIC VOLUNTARY ETHANOL DRINKING IN CYNOMOLGUS MACAQUES ELICITS GENE EXPRESSION CHANGES IN PREFRONTAL CORTICAL AREA 46. BACKGROUND: GENOME-WIDE PROFILING TO EXAMINE BRAIN TRANSCRIPTIONAL FEATURES ASSOCIATED WITH EXCESSIVE ETHANOL (ETOH) CONSUMPTION HAS BEEN APPLIED TO A VARIETY OF SPECIES INCLUDING RODENTS, NONHUMAN PRIMATES (NHPS), AND HUMANS. HOWEVER, THESE DATA WERE OBTAINED FROM CROSS-SECTIONAL SAMPLES WHICH ARE PARTICULARLY VULNERABLE TO INDIVIDUAL VARIATION WHEN OBTAINED FROM SMALL OUTBRED POPULATIONS TYPICAL OF HUMAN AND NHP STUDIES. IN THE CURRENT STUDY, A NOVEL WITHIN-SUBJECT DESIGN WAS USED TO EXAMINE THE EFFECTS OF VOLUNTARY ETOH CONSUMPTION ON PREFRONTAL CORTEX (PFC) GENE EXPRESSION IN A NHP MODEL. METHODS: TWO COHORTS OF CYNOMOLGUS MACAQUES (N = 23) UNDERWENT A SCHEDULE-INDUCED POLYDIPSIA PROCEDURE TO ESTABLISH ETOH SELF-ADMINISTRATION FOLLOWED BY 6 MONTHS OF DAILY OPEN ACCESS TO ETOH (4% W/V) AND WATER. INDIVIDUAL DAILY ETOH INTAKES RANGED FROM AN AVERAGE OF 0.7 TO 3.7 G/KG/D. DORSAL LATERAL PFC AREA 46 (A46) BRAIN BIOPSIES WERE COLLECTED IN ETOH-NAIVE AND CONTROL MONKEYS; CONTRALATERAL A46 BIOPSIES WERE COLLECTED FROM THE SAME MONKEYS FOLLOWING THE 6 MONTHS OF FLUID CONSUMPTION. GENE EXPRESSION CHANGES WERE ASSESSED USING RNA-SEQ PAIRED ANALYSIS, WHICH ALLOWED FOR CORRECTION OF INDIVIDUAL BASELINE DIFFERENCES IN GENE EXPRESSION. RESULTS: A TOTAL OF 675 GENES WERE SIGNIFICANTLY DOWN-REGULATED FOLLOWING ETOH CONSUMPTION; THESE WERE FUNCTIONALLY ENRICHED FOR IMMUNE RESPONSE, CELL ADHESION, PLASMA MEMBRANE, AND EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX. A TOTAL OF 567 GENES THAT WERE UP-REGULATED FOLLOWING ETOH CONSUMPTION WERE ENRICHED IN MICRORNA TARGET SITES AND INCLUDED TARGET SITES ASSOCIATED WITH TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR PATHWAYS. THE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES WERE ALSO SIGNIFICANTLY ENRICHED IN TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR BINDING SITES. CONCLUSIONS: THE DATA PRESENTED HERE ARE THE FIRST TO USE A LONGITUDINAL BIOPSY STRATEGY TO EXAMINE HOW CHRONIC ETOH CONSUMPTION AFFECTS GENE EXPRESSION IN THE PRIMATE PFC. PROMINENT EFFECTS WERE SEEN IN BOTH CELL ADHESION AND NEUROIMMUNE PATHWAYS; THE LATTER CONTAINED BOTH PRO- AND ANTIINFLAMMATORY GENES. THE DATA ALSO INDICATE THAT CHANGES IN MIRNAS AND TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS MAY BE IMPORTANT EPIGENETIC REGULATORS OF ETOH CONSUMPTION.	2020