1  2701 114 EXCESSIVE BRANCHED-CHAIN AMINO ACID ACCUMULATION RESTRICTS MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL-BASED THERAPY EFFICACY IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS (MSCS) DELIVERED INTO THE POST-ISCHEMIC HEART MILIEU HAVE A LOW SURVIVAL AND RETENTION RATE, THUS RESTRICTING THE CARDIOREPARATIVE EFFICACY OF MSC-BASED THERAPY. CHRONIC ISCHEMIA RESULTS IN METABOLIC REPROGRAMMING IN THE HEART, BUT LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT HOW THESE METABOLIC CHANGES INFLUENCE IMPLANTED MSCS. HERE, WE FOUND THAT EXCESSIVE BRANCHED-CHAIN AMINO ACID (BCAA) ACCUMULATION, A METABOLIC SIGNATURE SEEN IN THE POST-ISCHEMIC HEART, WAS DISADVANTAGEOUS TO THE RETENTION AND CARDIOPROTECTION OF INTRAMYOCARDIALLY INJECTED MSCS. DISCOVERY-DRIVEN EXPERIMENTS REVEALED THAT BCAA AT PATHOLOGICAL LEVELS SENSITIZED MSCS TO STRESS-INDUCED CELL DEATH AND PREMATURE SENESCENCE VIA ACCELERATING THE LOSS OF HISTONE 3 LYSINE 9 TRIMETHYLATION (H3K9ME3). A NOVEL MTORC1/DUX4/KDM4E AXIS WAS IDENTIFIED AS THE CAUSE OF BCAA-INDUCED H3K9ME3 LOSS AND ADVERSE PHENOTYPE ACQUISITION. ENHANCING BCAA CATABOLIC CAPABILITY IN MSCS VIA GENETIC/PHARMACOLOGICAL APPROACHES GREATLY IMPROVED THEIR ADAPTATION TO THE HIGH BCAA MILIEU AND STRENGTHENED THEIR CARDIOPROTECTIVE EFFICACY. WE CONCLUDE THAT ABERRANT BCAA ACCUMULATION IS DETRIMENTAL TO IMPLANTED MSCS VIA A PREVIOUSLY UNKNOWN METABOLITE-SIGNALING-EPIGENETIC MECHANISM, EMPHASIZING THAT THE METABOLIC CHANGES OF THE POST-ISCHEMIC HEART CRUCIALLY INFLUENCE THE FATE OF IMPLANTED MSCS AND THEIR THERAPEUTIC BENEFITS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
2  6277  20 THE PATHOGENIC ROLE OF PERSISTENT MILK SIGNALING IN MTORC1- AND MILK-MICRORNA-DRIVEN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. MILK, THE SECRETORY PRODUCT OF THE LACTATION GENOME, PROMOTES GROWTH OF THE NEWBORN MAMMAL. MILK DELIVERS INSULINOTROPIC AMINO ACIDS, THUS MAINTAINS A MOLECULAR CROSSTALK WITH THE PANCREATIC BETA-CELL OF THE MILK RECIPIENT. HOMEOSTASIS OF BETA-CELLS AND INSULIN PRODUCTION DEPEND ON THE APPROPRIATE MAGNITUDE OF MTORC1 SIGNALING. MTORC1 IS ACTIVATED BY BRANCHED-CHAIN AMINO ACIDS (BCAAS), GLUTAMINE, AND PALMITIC ACID, ABUNDANT NUTRIENT SIGNALS OF COW S MILK. FURTHERMORE, MILK DELIVERS BIOACTIVE EXOSOMAL MICRORNAS. AFTER MILK CONSUMPTION, BOVINE MICRORNA-29B, A MEMBER OF THE DIABETOGENIC MICRORNA-29- FAMILY, REACHES THE SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION AND THE CELLS OF THE MILK CONSUMER. MICRORNA-29B DOWNREGULATES BRANCHEDCHAIN ALPHA-KETOACID DEHYDROGENASE, A POTENTIAL EXPLANATION FOR INCREASED BCAA SERUM LEVELS, THE METABOLIC SIGNATURE OF INSULIN RESISTANCE AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS (T2DM). IN NON-OBESE DIABETIC MICE, MICRORNA-29B DOWNREGULATES THE ANTIAPOPTOTIC PROTEIN MCL-1, WHICH LEADS TO EARLY BETA-CELL DEATH. IN ALL MAMMALS EXCEPT NEOLITHIC HUMANS, MILK-DRIVEN MTORC1 SIGNALING IS PHYSIOLOGICALLY RESTRICTED TO THE POSTNATAL PERIOD. IN CONTRAST, CHRONIC HYPERACTIVATED MTORC1 SIGNALING HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGE-RELATED DISEASES OF CIVILIZATION INCLUDING T2DM. NOTABLY, CHRONIC HYPERACTIVATION OF MTORC1 ENHANCES ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM STRESS THAT PROMOTES APOPTOSIS. IN FACT, HYPERACTIVATED BETA-CELL MTORC1 SIGNALING INDUCED EARLY BETA-CELL APOPTOSIS IN A MOUSE MODEL. THE EPIC-INTERACT STUDY DEMONSTRATED AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MILK CONSUMPTION AND T2DM IN FRANCE, ITALY, UNITED KINGDOM, GERMANY, AND SWEDEN. IN CONTRAST, FERMENTED MILK PRODUCTS AND CHEESE EXHIBIT AN INVERSE CORRELATION. SINCE THE EARLY 1950 S, REFRIGERATION TECHNOLOGY ALLOWED WIDESPREAD CONSUMPTION OF FRESH PASTEURIZED MILK, WHICH FACILITATES DAILY INTAKE OF BIOACTIVE BOVINE MICRORNAS. PERSISTENT UPTAKE OF COW S MILK-DERIVED MICRORNAS APPARENTLY TRANSFERS AN OVERLOOKED EPIGENETIC DIABETOGENIC PROGRAM THAT SHOULD NOT REACH THE HUMAN FOOD CHAIN.	2015	
                                                                                
3  3859  14 ISLET STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN THE GK RAT. TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS (T2D) ARISES WHEN THE ENDOCRINE PANCREAS FAILS TO SECRETE SUFFICIENT INSULIN TO COPE WITH THE METABOLIC DEMAND BECAUSE OF BETA-CELL SECRETORY DYSFUNCTION AND/OR DECREASED BETA-CELL MASS. DEFINING THE NATURE OF THE PANCREATIC ISLET DEFECTS PRESENT IN T2D HAS BEEN DIFFICULT, IN PART BECAUSE HUMAN ISLETS ARE INACCESSIBLE FOR DIRECT STUDY. THIS REVIEW IS AIMED TO ILLUSTRATE TO WHAT EXTENT THE GOTO-KAKIZAKI RAT, ONE OF THE BEST CHARACTERIZED ANIMAL MODELS OF SPONTANEOUS T2D, HAS PROVED TO BE A VALUABLE TOOL OFFERING SUFFICIENT COMMONALITIES TO STUDY THIS ASPECT. A COMPREHENSIVE COMPENDIUM OF THE MULTIPLE FUNCTIONAL GK ISLET ABNORMALITIES SO FAR IDENTIFIED IS PROPOSED IN THIS PERSPECTIVE. THE PATHOGENESIS OF DEFECTIVE BETA-CELL NUMBER AND FUNCTION IN THE GK MODEL IS ALSO DISCUSSED. IT IS PROPOSED THAT THE DEVELOPMENT OF T2D IN THE GK MODEL RESULTS FROM THE COMPLEX INTERACTION OF MULTIPLE EVENTS: (I) SEVERAL SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI CONTAINING GENES RESPONSIBLE FOR SOME DIABETIC TRAITS (DISTINCT LOCI ENCODING IMPAIRMENT OF BETA-CELL METABOLISM AND INSULIN EXOCYTOSIS, BUT NO QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS FOR DECREASED BETA-CELL MASS); (II) GESTATIONAL METABOLIC IMPAIRMENT INDUCING AN EPIGENETIC PROGRAMMING OF THE OFFSPRING PANCREAS (DECREASED BETA-CELL NEOGENESIS AND PROLIFERATION) TRANSMITTED OVER GENERATIONS; AND (III) LOSS OF BETA-CELL DIFFERENTIATION RELATED TO CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO HYPERGLYCAEMIA/HYPERLIPIDAEMIA, ISLET INFLAMMATION, ISLET OXIDATIVE STRESS, ISLET FIBROSIS AND PERTURBED ISLET VASCULATURE.	2010	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
4  1302  15 DEFECTIVE FUNCTIONAL BETA-CELL MASS AND TYPE 2 DIABETES IN THE GOTO-KAKIZAKI RAT MODEL. INCREASING EVIDENCE INDICATES THAT DECREASED FUNCTIONAL BETA-CELL MASS IS THE HALLMARK OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. THEREFORE, THE DEBATE FOCUSES ON THE POSSIBLE MECHANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR ABNORMAL ISLET MICROENVIRONMENT, DECREASED BETA-CELL NUMBER, IMPAIRED BETA-CELL FUNCTION AND THEIR MULTIFACTORIAL ETIOLOGIES. THE INFORMATION AVAILABLE ON THE GOTO-KAKIZAKI/PAR RAT LINE, ONE OF THE BEST CHARACTERIZED ANIMAL MODELS OF SPONTANEOUS TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, ARE REVIEWED IN SUCH A PERSPECTIVE. WE PROPOSE THAT THE DEFECTIVE BETA-CELL MASS AND FUNCTION IN THE GOTO-KAKIZAKI/PAR MODEL REFLECT THE COMPLEX INTERACTIONS OF MULTIPLE PATHOGENIC PLAYERS, INCLUDING SEVERAL INDEPENDENT LOCI CONTAINING GENES RESPONSIBLE FOR SOME DIABETIC TRAITS (BUT NOT DECREASED BETA-CELL MASS), GESTATIONAL METABOLIC IMPAIRMENT INDUCING AN EPIGENETIC PROGRAMMING OF THE PANCREAS (DECREASED BETA-CELL NEOGENESIS), WHICH IS TRANSMITTED TO THE NEXT GENERATION, AND LOSS OF BETA-CELL DIFFERENTIATION DUE TO CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO HYPERGLYCEMIA, INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS, OXIDATIVE STRESS AND PERTURBED ISLET MICROARCHITECTURE.	2007	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
5  6163  16 THE GK RAT BETA-CELL: A PROTOTYPE FOR THE DISEASED HUMAN BETA-CELL IN TYPE 2 DIABETES? INCREASING EVIDENCE INDICATES THAT DECREASED FUNCTIONAL BETA-CELL MASS IS THE HALLMARK OF TYPE 2 DIABETES (T2D) MELLITUS. NOWADAYS, THE DEBATE FOCUSES ON THE POSSIBLE MECHANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR ABNORMAL ISLET MICROENVIRONMENT, DECREASED BETA-CELL NUMBER, IMPAIRED BETA-CELL FUNCTION, AND THEIR MULTIFACTORIAL AETIOLOGIES. THIS REVIEW IS AIMED TO ILLUSTRATE TO WHAT EXTEND THE GOTO-KAKIZAKI RAT, ONE OF THE BEST CHARACTERIZED ANIMAL MODELS OF SPONTANEOUS T2D, HAS PROVED BE A VALUABLE TOOL OFFERING SUFFICIENT COMMONALITIES TO STUDY THESE ASPECTS. WE PROPOSE THAT THE DEFECTIVE BETA-CELL MASS AND FUNCTION IN THE GK MODEL REFLECT THE COMPLEX INTERACTIONS OF MULTIPLE PATHOGENIC PLAYERS: (I) SEVERAL INDEPENDENT LOCI CONTAINING GENES RESPONSIBLE FOR SOME DIABETIC TRAITS (BUT NOT DECREASED BETA-CELL MASS); (II) GESTATIONAL METABOLIC IMPAIRMENT INDUCING AN EPIGENETIC PROGRAMMING OF THE PANCREAS (DECREASED BETA-CELL NEOGENESIS AND/OR PROLIFERATION) WHICH IS TRANSMITTED TO THE NEXT GENERATION; AND (III) LOSS OF BETA-CELL DIFFERENTIATION DUE TO CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO HYPERGLYCEMIA/HYPERLIPIDEMIA, INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS, OXIDATIVE STRESS AND TO PERTURBED ISLET MICROARCHITECTURE.	2009	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
6  1839  19 EFFECTS OF PRENATAL NICOTINE EXPOSURE ON HEPATIC GLUCOSE AND LIPID METABOLISM IN OFFSPRING RATS AND ITS HEREDITABILITY. PRENATAL NICOTINE EXPOSURE (PNE) COULD INDUCE AN INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO MULTIPLE CHRONIC DISEASES IN ADULT OFFSPRING, THAT MAINLY CAUSED BY INTRAUTERINE MATERNAL GLUCOCORTICOID (GC) OVER-EXPOSURE. WE INVESTIGATED THE CHANGES AND INHERITABILITY OF HEPATIC GLUCOSE AND LIPID METABOLISM CAUSED BY PNE, TO DECIPHER THE POSSIBLE INTRAUTERINE PROGRAMMING MECHANISM. PREGNANT WISTAR RATS WERE ADMINISTERED SUBCUTANEOUSLY WITH 2 MG/KG.D NICOTINE FROM GESTATIONAL DAY (GD) 9 APPROXIMATELY 20, AND SECOND-GENERATION (F2) WERE SET ACCORDING TO THE MATING BETWEEN CONTROL FEMALES AND PNE MALES. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT SERUM PHENOTYPES AND HEPATIC ENZYMES OF GLUCOSE AND LIPID METABOLISM WERE LOWER IN F1 FETAL RATS OF PNE BUT HIGHER IN THE F1 ADULT RATS. MEANWHILE, THE ACTIVATED STATES OF HEPATIC GLUCOCORTICOID-ACTIVATION SYSTEM, INCLUDING TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2 11BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES (HSD11B1/2), NUCLEAR RECEPTOR SUBFAMILY 3, GROUP C, MEMBER 1 (NR3C1) AND CCAAT ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN ALPHA (CEBPA), WERE POSITIVELY CORRELATED WITH SERUM CORTICOSTERONE LEVELS BUT NEGATIVELY CORRELATED WITH THE HISTONE ACETYLATION (H3K27AC) AND EXPRESSION LEVELS OF INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR 1 (IGF1) BEFORE AND AFTER BIRTH. FURTHERMORE, SERUM PHENOTYPES AND HEPATIC ENZYMES OF GLUCOSE AND LIPID METABOLISM WERE LOWER IN BOTH F2 FETAL AND ADULT RATS OF PNE, WHICH WERE CONSISTENT WITH THE HEPATIC CHANGES OF GC-IGF1 AXIS AND THE GLUCOCORTICOID-ACTIVATION SYSTEM. IN CONCLUSION, PNE COULD LEAD TO INHERITABLE CHANGES OF HEPATIC GLUCOSE AND LIPID METABOLISM, WHICH ARE RELATED TO THE INTRAUTERINE PROGRAMMING OF GC-IGF1 AXIS INDUCED BY THE GLUCOCORTICOID-ACTIVATION SYSTEM.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
7   599  17 BETA-CELL DIFFERENTIATION STATUS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES. TYPE 2 DIABETES (T2D) AFFECTS 415 MILLION PEOPLE WORLDWIDE AND IS CHARACTERIZED BY CHRONIC HYPERGLYCAEMIA AND INSULIN RESISTANCE, PROGRESSING TO INSUFFICIENT INSULIN PRODUCTION, AS A RESULT OF BETA-CELL FAILURE. OVER TIME, CHRONIC HYPERGLYCAEMIA CAN ULTIMATELY LEAD TO LOSS OF BETA-CELL FUNCTION, LEAVING PATIENTS INSULIN-DEPENDENT. UNTIL RECENTLY THE LOSS OF BETA-CELL MASS SEEN IN T2D WAS CONSIDERED TO BE THE RESULT OF INCREASED RATES OF APOPTOSIS; HOWEVER, IT HAS BEEN PROPOSED THAT APOPTOSIS ALONE CANNOT ACCOUNT FOR THE EXTENT OF BETA-CELL MASS LOSS SEEN IN THE DISEASE, AND THAT A LOSS OF FUNCTION MAY ALSO OCCUR AS A RESULT OF CHANGES IN BETA-CELL DIFFERENTIATION STATUS. IN THE PRESENT REVIEW, WE CONSIDER CURRENT KNOWLEDGE OF DETERMINANTS OF BETA-CELL FATE IN THE CONTEXT OF UNDERSTANDING ITS RELEVANCE TO DISEASE PROCESS IN T2D, AND ALSO THE IMPACT OF A DIABETOGENIC ENVIRONMENT (HYPERGLYCAEMIA, HYPOXIA, INFLAMMATION AND DYSLIPIDAEMIA) ON THE EXPRESSION OF GENES INVOLVED IN MAINTENANCE OF BETA-CELL IDENTITY. WE DESCRIBE CURRENT KNOWLEDGE OF THE IMPACT OF THE DIABETIC MICROENVIRONMENT ON GENE REGULATORY PROCESSES SUCH ALTERNATIVE SPLICING, THE EXPRESSION OF DISALLOWED GENES AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS. ELUCIDATING THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS THAT UNDERPIN CHANGES TO BETA-CELL DIFFERENTIATION STATUS AND THE CONCOMITANT BETA-CELL FAILURE OFFERS POTENTIAL TREATMENT TARGETS FOR THE FUTURE MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH T2D.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
8  2444  24 EPIGENETIC STATES OF NEPHRON PROGENITORS AND EPITHELIAL DIFFERENTIATION. IN MAMMALS, FORMATION OF NEW NEPHRONS ENDS PERINATALLY DUE TO CONSUMPTION OF MESENCHYMAL PROGENITOR CELLS. PREMATURE DEPLETION OF PROGENITORS DUE TO PREMATURITY OR POSTNATAL LOSS OF NEPHRONS DUE TO INJURY CAUSES CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AND HYPERTENSION. INTENSIVE EFFORTS ARE CURRENTLY INVESTED IN DESIGNING REGENERATIVE STRATEGIES TO FORM NEW NEPHRON PROGENITORS FROM PLURIPOTENT CELLS, WHICH UPON FURTHER DIFFERENTIATION PROVIDE A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF NEW NEPHRONS. TO KNOW IF REPROGRAMED RENAL CELLS CAN MAINTAIN THEIR IDENTITY AND FATE REQUIRES KNOWLEDGE OF THE EPIGENETIC STATES OF NATIVE NEPHRON PROGENITORS AND THEIR PROGENY. IN THIS ARTICLE, WE SUMMARIZE CURRENT KNOWLEDGE AND GAPS IN THE EPIGENOMIC LANDSCAPE OF THE DEVELOPING KIDNEY. WE NOW KNOW THAT PAX2/PTIP/H3K4 METHYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY PROVIDES THE INITIAL EPIGENETIC SPECIFICATION SIGNAL TO THE METANEPHRIC MESENCHYME. DURING NEPHROGENESIS, THE CAP MESENCHYME HOUSING NEPHRON PROGENITORS IS ENRICHED IN BIVALENT CHROMATIN MARKS; AS TUBULOGENESIS PROCEEDS, THE TUBULAR EPITHELIUM ACQUIRES H3K79ME2. THE LATTER MARK IS UNIQUELY INDUCED DURING EPITHELIAL DIFFERENTIATION. ANALYSIS OF HISTONE LANDSCAPES IN CLONAL METANEPHRIC MESENCHYME CELL LINES AND IN WILMS TUMOR AND NORMAL FETAL KIDNEY HAS REVEALED THAT PROMOTERS OF POISED NEPHROGENESIS GENES CARRY BIVALENT HISTONE SIGNATURES IN PROGENITORS. DIFFERENTIATION OR STIMULATION OF WNT SIGNALING PROMOTES RESOLUTION OF BIVALENCY; THIS DOES NOT OCCUR IN WILMS TUMOR CELLS CONSISTENT WITH THEIR DEVELOPMENTAL ARREST. THE USE OF SMALL CELL NUMBER CHIP-SEQ SHOULD FACILITATE THE CHARACTERIZATION OF THE CHROMATIN LANDSCAPE OF THE METANEPHRIC MESENCHYME AND VARIOUS NEPHRON COMPARTMENTS DURING NEPHROGENESIS. ONLY THEN WE WILL KNOW IF STEM AND SOMATIC CELL REPROGRAMMING INTO KIDNEY PROGENITORS RECAPITULATES NORMAL DEVELOPMENT.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
9  3816  21 INTRAUTERINE PROGRAMMING OF CARTILAGINOUS 11BETA-HSD2 INDUCED BY CORTICOSTERONE AND CAFFEINE MEDIATED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ADULT OSTEOARTHRITIS. OUR PREVIOUS STUDY REPORTED THAT PRENATAL CAFFEINE EXPOSURE (PCE) COULD INDUCE CHONDRODYSPLASIA AND INCREASE THE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO OSTEOARTHRITIS IN OFFSPRING RATS. HOWEVER, THE POTENTIAL MECHANISMS AND INITIATING FACTORS REMAIN UNKNOWN. THIS STUDY AIMS TO INVESTIGATE WHETHER 11BETA-HSD2, A GLUCOCORTICOID-METABOLIZING ENZYME, IS INVOLVED IN THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF OSTEOARTHRITIS INDUCED BY PCE AND TO FURTHER EXPLORE ITS POTENTIAL MECHANISMS AND INITIATING FACTORS. FIRSTLY, WE FOUND THAT PCE REDUCED CARTILAGE MATRIX SYNTHESIS (AGGRECAN/COL2A1 EXPRESSION) IN MALE ADULT OFFSPRING RATS AND EXHIBITED AN OSTEOARTHRITIS PHENOTYPE FOLLOWING CHRONIC STRESS, WHICH WAS ASSOCIATED WITH PERSISTENTLY REDUCED H3K9AC AND H3K27AC LEVELS AT THE PROMOTER OF 11BETA-HSD2 AS WELL AS ITS EXPRESSION IN THE CARTILAGE FROM FETUS TO ADULTHOOD. THE EXPRESSION OF 11BETA-HSD2, AGGRECAN AND COL2A1 WERE ALL DECREASED BY CORTICOSTERONE IN THE FETAL CHONDROCYTES, WHILE OVEREXPRESSION OF 11BETA-HSD2 COULD PARTIALLY ALLEVIATE THE DECREASE OF MATRIX SYNTHESIS INDUCED BY CORTICOSTERONE IN VITRO. FURTHERMORE, THE GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR (GR) ACTIVATED BY GLUCOCORTICOIDS DIRECTLY BONDED TO THE PROMOTER REGION OF 11BETA-HSD2 TO INHIBIT ITS EXPRESSION. MEANWHILE, THE ACTIVATED GR REDUCED THE H3K9AC AND H3K27AC LEVELS OF 11BETA-HSD2 BY RECRUITING HDAC4 AND PROMOTING GR-HDAC4 PROTEIN INTERACTION TO INHIBIT THE 11BETA-HSD2 EXPRESSION. MOREOVER, CAFFEINE COULD REDUCE THE EXPRESSION OF 11BETA-HSD2 BY INHIBITING THE CAMP/PKA SIGNALING PATHWAY BUT WITHOUT REDUCING THE H3K9AC AND H3K27AC LEVELS OF 11BETA-HSD2, THEREBY SYNERGISTICALLY ENHANCING THE CORTICOSTERONE EFFECT. IN CONCLUSION, THE PERSISTENTLY REDUCED H3K9AC AND H3K27AC LEVELS OF 11BETA-HSD2 FROM FETUS TO ADULTHOOD MEDIATED THE INHIBITION OF CARTILAGE MATRIX SYNTHESIS AND THE INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO OSTEOARTHRITIS. THIS EPIGENETIC PROGRAMMING CHANGE IN UTERO WAS INDUCED BY GLUCOCORTICOIDS WITH SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF CAFFEINE.	2022	
                                                                                                                                   
10  5250  19 PROGRAMMED DISORDERS OF BETA-CELL DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTION AS ONE CAUSE FOR TYPE 2 DIABETES? THE GK RAT PARADIGM. NOW THAT THE REDUCTION IN BETA-MASS HAS BEEN CLEARLY ESTABLISHED IN HUMANS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS (T2DM) 1-4, THE DEBATE FOCUSES ON THE POSSIBLE MECHANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR DECREASED BETA-CELL NUMBER AND IMPAIRED BETA-CELL FUNCTION AND THEIR MULTIFACTORIAL ETIOLOGY. APPROPRIATE INBRED RODENT MODELS ARE ESSENTIAL TOOLS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF GENES AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS THAT INCREASE THE RISK OF ABNORMAL BETA-CELL FUNCTION AND OF T2DM. THE INFORMATION AVAILABLE IN THE GOTO-KAKIZAKI (GK) RAT, ONE OF THE BEST CHARACTERIZED ANIMAL MODELS OF SPONTANEOUS T2DM, ARE REVIEWED IN SUCH A PERSPECTIVE. WE PROPOSE THAT THE DEFECTIVE BETA-CELL MASS AND FUNCTION IN THE GK MODEL REFLECT THE COMPLEX INTERACTIONS OF THREE PATHOGENIC PLAYERS: (1) SEVERAL INDEPENDENT LOCI CONTAINING GENES CAUSING IMPAIRED INSULIN SECRETION; (2) GESTATIONAL METABOLIC IMPAIRMENT INDUCING A PROGRAMMING OF ENDOCRINE PANCREAS (DECREASED BETA-CELL NEOGENESIS) WHICH IS TRANSMITTED TO THE NEXT GENERATION; AND (3) SECONDARY (ACQUIRED) LOSS OF BETA-CELL DIFFERENTIATION DUE TO CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO HYPERGLYCEMIA (GLUCOTOXICITY). AN IMPORTANT MESSAGE IS THAT THE 'HERITABLE' DETERMINANTS OF T2DM ARE NOT SIMPLY DEPENDANT ON GENETIC FACTORS, BUT PROBABLY INVOLVE TRANSGENERATIONAL EPIGENETIC RESPONSES.	2005	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
11   702  16 BROWN RICE-SPECIFIC GAMMA-ORYZANOL AS A PROMISING PROPHYLACTIC AVENUE TO PROTECT AGAINST DIABETES MELLITUS AND OBESITY IN HUMANS. CHRONIC OVERCONSUMPTION OF ANIMAL FATS CAUSES A VARIETY OF HEALTH PROBLEMS, INCLUDING DIABETES MELLITUS AND OBESITY. UNDERLYING MOLECULAR MECHANISMS ENCOMPASS LEPTIN RESISTANCE, A DECREASE IN REWARDING EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES, XANTHINE OXIDASE-INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN VASCULATURE AND PERIPHERAL TISSUE, IMPAIRED ACTIVATION OF INCRETIN SIGNALING, DEVIATION IN FOOD PREFERENCE, AND DYSBIOSIS OF GUT MICROBIOTA. BASED ON OUR CLINICAL OBSERVATION THAT DAILY INTAKE OF BROWN RICE EFFECTIVELY AMELIORATES BODYWEIGHT GAIN, IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE/INSULIN RESISTANCE AND DEPENDENCE ON FATTY FOODS IN OBESE, PREDIABETES MEN, A LINE OF RESEARCH ON BROWN RICE (RICE BRAN)-DERIVED GAMMA-ORYZANOL IN MICE EXPERIMENTS, CULTURED CELLS AND HUMAN CLINICAL TRIALS IS UNDERWAY IN OUR LABORATORY. OUR WORKS IN MICE SHOWED THAT GAMMA-ORYZANOL, AN ESTER MIXTURE OF FERULIC ACID AND SEVERAL KINDS OF PHYTOSTEROLS, ACTS AS A MOLECULAR CHAPERONE, THEREBY ATTENUATING THE STRONG PREFERENCE FOR ANIMAL FATS THROUGH SUPPRESSION OF ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM STRESS IN THE HYPOTHALAMUS. IN PANCREATIC ISLETS FROM BOTH HIGH-FAT DIET-INDUCED AND STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC MICE, GAMMA-ORYZANOL AMELIORATES ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM STRESS AND PROTECTS BETA-CELLS AGAINST APOPTOSIS. NOTICEABLY, GAMMA-ORYZANOL ALSO ACTS AS A POTENT INHIBITOR AGAINST DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID METHYLTRANSFERASES IN THE BRAIN REWARD SYSTEM (STRIATUM) IN MICE, THEREBY ATTENUATING, AT LEAST PARTLY, THE PREFERENCE FOR A HIGH-FAT DIET THROUGH THE EPIGENETIC MODULATION OF STRIATAL DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR. BECAUSE DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR SIGNALING IN THE BRAIN REWARD SYSTEM IS CONSIDERABLY ATTENUATED IN OBESE HUMANS AND RODENTS, GAMMA-ORYZANOL MIGHT REPRESENT A UNIQUE PROPERTY TO AMELIORATE BOTH HEDONIC AND METABOLIC DYSREGULATION OF FEEDING BEHAVIOR, HIGHLIGHTING A PROMISING PROPHYLACTIC AVENUE TO PROTECT AGAINST METABOLIC DERANGEMENT.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
12  6164  15 THE GK RAT: A PROTOTYPE FOR THE STUDY OF NON-OVERWEIGHT TYPE 2 DIABETES. TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS (T2D) ARISES WHEN THE ENDOCRINE PANCREAS FAILS TO SECRETE SUFFICIENT INSULIN TO COPE WITH THE METABOLIC DEMAND BECAUSE OF BETA-CELL SECRETORY DYSFUNCTION AND/OR DECREASED BETA-CELL MASS. DEFINING THE NATURE OF THE PANCREATIC ISLET DEFECTS PRESENT IN T2D HAS BEEN DIFFICULT, IN PART BECAUSE HUMAN ISLETS ARE INACCESSIBLE FOR DIRECT STUDY. THIS REVIEW IS AIMED TO ILLUSTRATE TO WHAT EXTENT THE GOTO KAKIZAKI RAT, ONE OF THE BEST CHARACTERIZED ANIMAL MODELS OF SPONTANEOUS T2D, HAS PROVED TO BE A VALUABLE TOOL OFFERING SUFFICIENT COMMONALITIES TO STUDY THIS ASPECT. A COMPREHENSIVE COMPENDIUM OF THE MULTIPLE FUNCTIONAL GK ABNORMALITIES SO FAR IDENTIFIED IS PROPOSED IN THIS PERSPECTIVE, TOGETHER WITH THEIR TIME-COURSE AND INTERACTIONS. A SPECIAL FOCUS IS GIVEN TOWARD THE PATHOGENESIS OF DEFECTIVE BETA-CELL NUMBER AND FUNCTION IN THE GK MODEL. IT IS PROPOSED THAT THE DEVELOPMENT OF T2D IN THE GK MODEL RESULTS FROM THE COMPLEX INTERACTION OF MULTIPLE EVENTS: (1) SEVERAL SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI CONTAINING GENES RESPONSIBLE FOR SOME DIABETIC TRAITS; (2) GESTATIONAL METABOLIC IMPAIRMENT INDUCING AN EPIGENETIC PROGRAMMING OF THE OFFSPRING PANCREAS AND THE MAJOR INSULIN TARGET TISSUES; AND (3) ENVIRONMENTALLY INDUCED LOSS OF BETA-CELL DIFFERENTIATION DUE TO CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO HYPERGLYCEMIA/HYPERLIPIDEMIA, INFLAMMATION, AND OXIDATIVE STRESS.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
13  3812  27 INTRAUTERINE ENDOGENOUS HIGH GLUCOCORTICOIDS PROGRAM OVARIAN DYSFUNCTION IN FEMALE OFFSPRING SECONDARY TO PRENATAL CAFFEINE EXPOSURE. OVARIAN DYSFUNCTION HAS AN INTRAUTERINE ORIGIN, AND PRENATAL CAFFEINE EXPOSURE (PCE) COULD LEAD TO ABNORMAL FOLLICLE COUNTS IN OFFSPRING AFTER BIRTH. HOWEVER, THE EFFECT OF PCE ON OFFSPRING OVARIAN FUNCTION AND ITS MECHANISM OF INTRAUTERINE PROGRAMMING HAVE NOT BEEN REPORTED THUS FAR. IN THIS STUDY, PREGNANT WISTAR RATS WERE INTRAGASTRICALLY ADMINISTERED CAFFEINE (30 AND 120 MG/KG.D) AT GESTATIONAL DAYS 9-20 (GD9-20). CERTAIN TESTS WERE PERFORMED ON THE BLOOD, OVARIES AND HYPOTHALAMUS OF FEMALE OFFSPRING AT DIFFERENT TIME POINTS. PCE FEMALE OFFSPRING HAD OVARIAN DYSFUNCTION IN ADULTHOOD COMPARED WITH THE CONTROL. FURTHER RESULTS SHOWED THAT IN UTERO OVARIAN MORPHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT AND ESTRADIOL SYNTHESIS WERE INHIBITED BUT RAPIDLY INCREASED DURING PUBERTY IN THE PCE GROUP. THE HISTONE 3 LYSINE 27 ACETYLATION (H3K27AC) LEVEL OF THE INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR 1 (IGF1) PROMOTER REGION AND ITS EXPRESSION WERE DECREASED IN THE OVARY, WHICH WAS DUE TO EXPOSURE TO HIGH LEVELS OF FETAL BLOOD CORTICOSTERONE, AND THE H3K27AC LEVEL OF IGF1 AND ITS EXPRESSION SHIFTED TO INCREASE AFTER BIRTH WITH A DECREASE IN SERUM CORTICOSTERONE LEVELS. CHRONIC STRESS LED TO INCREASED SERUM CORTICOSTERONE LEVELS IN ADULT OFFSPRING, WHEREAS OVARIAN MORPHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT, THE H3K27AC LEVEL OF IGF1 AND ITS EXPRESSION, AND ESTRADIOL SYNTHESIS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY INHIBITED. MOREOVER, THE ACTIVITY OF THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-OVARIAN (HPO) AXIS WAS INCREASED IN THE EARLY POSTNATAL PERIOD OF PCE OFFSPRING, AND CHRONIC STRESS REVERSED THESE CHANGES. IN THE KGN CELL LINE, IT WAS FOUND THAT CORTISOL COULD PROMOTE THE TRANSLOCATION OF THE GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR (GR) INTO THE NUCLEUS AND UPREGULATE HISTONE DEACETYLASE 10 (HDAC10) TO INHIBIT THE H3K27AC LEVEL OF IGF1 AND ITS EXPRESSION AND ESTRADIOL SYNTHESIS. IN SUMMARY, PCE IS ASSOCIATED WITH OVARIAN DYSFUNCTION IN FEMALE ADULT OFFSPRING, AND THE POTENTIAL MECHANISM IS RELATED TO INTRAUTERINE HIGH GLUCOCORTICOID EXPOSURE BY ACTIVATING THE GR AND RECRUITING HDAC10 TO AFFECT OVARIAN GLUCOCORTICOID-IGF1 AXIS PROGRAMMING AND TO INHIBIT ESTRADIOL SYNTHESIS.	2021	

14  5917  20 TARGETING BCL-2 IN B-CELL MALIGNANCIES AND OVERCOMING THERAPEUTIC RESISTANCE. DEFECTS IN APOPTOSIS CAN PROMOTE TUMORIGENESIS AND IMPAIR RESPONSES OF MALIGNANT B CELLS TO CHEMOTHERAPEUTICS. MEMBERS OF THE B-CELL LEUKEMIA/LYMPHOMA-2 (BCL-2) FAMILY OF PROTEINS ARE KEY REGULATORS OF THE INTRINSIC, MITOCHONDRIAL APOPTOTIC PATHWAY. OVEREXPRESSION OF ANTIAPOPTOTIC BCL-2 FAMILY PROTEINS IS ASSOCIATED WITH TREATMENT RESISTANCE AND POOR PROGNOSIS. THUS, INHIBITION OF BCL-2 FAMILY PROTEINS IS A RATIONAL THERAPEUTIC OPTION FOR MALIGNANCIES THAT ARE DEPENDENT ON ANTIAPOPTOTIC BCL-2 FAMILY PROTEINS. VENETOCLAX (ABT-199, GDC-0199) IS A HIGHLY SELECTIVE BCL-2 INHIBITOR THAT REPRESENTS THE FIRST APPROVED AGENT OF THIS CLASS AND IS CURRENTLY WIDELY USED IN THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL) AS WELL AS ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA (AML). DESPITE IMPRESSIVE CLINICAL ACTIVITY, VENETOCLAX MONOTHERAPY FOR A PROLONGED DURATION CAN LEAD TO DRUG RESISTANCE OR LOSS OF DEPENDENCE ON THE TARGETED PROTEIN. IN THIS REVIEW, WE PROVIDE AN OVERVIEW OF THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF BCL-2 INHIBITION AND THE ROLE OF THIS APPROACH IN THE CURRENT TREATMENT PARADIGM OF B-CELL MALIGNANCIES. WE SUMMARIZE THE DRIVERS OF DE NOVO AND ACQUIRED RESISTANCE TO VENETOCLAX THAT ARE CLOSELY ASSOCIATED WITH COMPLEX CLONAL SHIFTS, INTERPLAY OF EXPRESSION AND INTERACTIONS OF BCL-2 FAMILY MEMBERS, TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATORS, AND METABOLIC MODULATORS. WE ALSO EXAMINE HOW TUMORS INITIALLY RESISTANT TO VENETOCLAX BECOME RESPONSIVE TO IT FOLLOWING PRIOR THERAPIES. HERE, WE SUMMARIZE PRECLINICAL DATA PROVIDING A RATIONALE FOR EFFICACIOUS COMBINATION STRATEGIES OF VENETOCLAX TO OVERCOME THERAPEUTIC RESISTANCE BY A TARGETED APPROACH DIRECTED AGAINST ALTERNATIVE ANTIAPOPTOTIC BCL-2 FAMILY PROTEINS (MCL-1, BCL-XL), COMPENSATORY PROSURVIVAL PATHWAYS, EPIGENETIC MODIFIERS, AND DYSREGULATED CELLULAR METABOLISM/ENERGETICS FOR DURABLE CLINICAL REMISSIONS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
15  5131  16 POSTWEANING DIETARY FOLATE DEFICIENCY PROVIDED THROUGH CHILDHOOD TO PUBERTY PERMANENTLY INCREASES GENOMIC DNA METHYLATION IN ADULT RAT LIVER. FOLATE PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF SEVERAL CHRONIC DISEASES BY ITS POTENTIAL ABILITY TO MODULATE DNA METHYLATION. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT THE POSTWEANING PERIOD MIGHT BE A HIGHLY SUSCEPTIBLE PERIOD TO DIETARY FOLATE INTERVENTION FOR DNA METHYLATION PATTERNING. WE DETERMINED THE EFFECTS OF TIMING AND DURATION OF DIETARY FOLATE INTERVENTION PROVIDED DURING THE POSTWEANING PERIOD ON GENOMIC DNA METHYLATION IN ADULT RAT LIVER. IN STUDY 1, WEANLING RATS WERE RANDOMIZED TO RECEIVE AN AMINO ACID-DEFINED DIET CONTAINING 0 (DEFICIENT), 2 (CONTROL), OR 8 (SUPPLEMENTED) MG FOLIC ACID/KG UNTIL 8 WK OF AGE, AFTER WHICH ALL THE RATS WERE FED THE CONTROL DIET UNTIL 30 WK OF AGE. IN STUDY 2, WEANLING RATS WERE FED THE CONTROL DIET UNTIL 8 WK OF AGE AND THEN RANDOMIZED TO RECEIVE THE DIET CONTAINING 0, 2, OR 8 MG FOLIC ACID/KG UNTIL 30 WK OF AGE. IN STUDY 3, WEANLING RATS WERE RANDOMIZED TO RECEIVE THESE DIETS UNTIL 30 WK OF AGE. DIETARY FOLATE DEFICIENCY, BUT NOT SUPPLEMENTATION, PROVIDED DURING THE POSTWEANING PERIOD THROUGH CHILDHOOD TO PUBERTY SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED GENOMIC DNA METHYLATION BY 34-48% (P < 0.04) IN RAT LIVER THAT PERSISTED INTO ADULTHOOD FOLLOWING A RETURN TO THE CONTROL DIET AT PUBERTY. IN CONTRAST, DIETARY FOLATE DEFICIENCY OR SUPPLEMENTATION CONTINUALLY IMPOSED AT WEANING OR AT PUBERTY DID NOT SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECT GENOMIC DNA METHYLATION IN ADULT RAT LIVER. OUR DATA SUGGEST THAT EARLY FOLATE NUTRITION DURING POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN EPIGENETIC PROGRAMMING THAT CAN HAVE A PERMANENT EFFECT IN ADULTHOOD.	2008	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
16   201  28 ACTIVATING TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 3 PROTECTS AGAINST PRESSURE-OVERLOAD HEART FAILURE VIA THE AUTOPHAGY MOLECULE BECLIN-1 PATHWAY. ACTIVATING TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 3 (ATF3), A CAMP RESPONSE ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN/ATF FAMILY TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS MEMBER, HAS BEEN IMPLICATED IN THE CARDIOVASCULAR AND INFLAMMATORY SYSTEM AND IS RAPIDLY INDUCED BY ISCHEMIC-REPERFUSION INJURIES. WE PERFORMED TRANSVERSE AORTIC BANDING (TAB) EXPERIMENTS USING ATF3 GENE-DELETED MICE (ATF3(-/-)) AND WILD-TYPE (WT) MICE TO DETERMINE WHAT EFFECT IT MIGHT HAVE ON HEART FAILURE INDUCED BY PRESSURE OVERLOADING. COMPARED WITH THE WT MICE, ATF3(-/-) MICE WERE FOUND BY ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY TO HAVE DECREASED LEFT VENTRICULAR CONTRACTILITY WITH LOSS OF NORMAL CARDIAC HYPERTROPHIC REMODELING. THE ATF3(-/-) MICE HAD GREATER NUMBERS OF TERMINAL DEOXYNUCLEOTIDYL TRANSFERASE-MEDIATED DIGOXIGENIN-DEOXYURIDINE NICK-END LABELING-POSITIVE CELLS AND HIGHER LEVELS OF ACTIVATED CASPASE-3, AS WELL AS MORE APOPTOSIS. RESTORATION OF ATF3 EXPRESSION IN THE HEART OF ATF3(-/-) MICE BY ADENOVIRUS-INDUCED ATF3 TREATMENT SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVED CARDIAC CONTRACTILITY AFTER TAB. THE RESULTS FROM MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSES, INCLUDING CHROMATIN IMMUNE-PRECIPITATION AND IN VITRO /IN VIVO PROMOTER ASSAYS, SHOWED THAT ATF3 BOUND TO THE ATF/CAMP RESPONSE ELEMENT OF THE BECLIN-1 PROMOTER AND THAT ATF3 REDUCED AUTOPHAGY VIA SUPPRESSION OF THE BECLIN-1-DEPENDENT PATHWAY. FURTHERMORE, INFUSION OF TERT-BUTYLHYDROQUINONE (TBHQ), A SELECTIVE ATF3 INDUCER, INCREASED THE EXPRESSION OF ATF3 VIA THE NUCLEAR FACTOR ERYTHROID 2-RELATED TRANSCRIPTIONAL FACTOR, INHIBITED TAB-INDUCED CARDIAC DILATATION, AND INCREASED LEFT VENTRICULAR CONTRACTILITY, THEREBY RESCUING HEART FAILURE. OUR STUDY IDENTIFIED A NEW EPIGENETIC REGULATION MEDIATED BY THE STRESS-INDUCIBLE GENE ATF3 ON TAB-INDUCED CARDIAC DYSFUNCTION. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT THE ATF3 ACTIVATOR TBHQ MAY HAVE THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL FOR THE TREATMENT OF PRESSURE-OVERLOAD HEART FAILURE INDUCED BY CHRONIC HYPERTENSION OR OTHER PRESSURE OVERLOAD MECHANISMS.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                 
17  3359  19 HISTONE H4 LYSINE 16 ACETYLATION CONTROLS CENTRAL CARBON METABOLISM AND DIET-INDUCED OBESITY IN MICE. NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES (NCDS) ACCOUNT FOR OVER 70% OF DEATHS WORLD-WIDE. PREVIOUS WORK HAS LINKED NCDS SUCH AS TYPE 2 DIABETES (T2D) TO DISRUPTION OF CHROMATIN REGULATORS. HOWEVER, THE EXACT MOLECULAR ORIGINS OF THESE CHRONIC CONDITIONS REMAIN ELUSIVE. HERE, WE IDENTIFY THE H4 LYSINE 16 ACETYLTRANSFERASE MOF AS A CRITICAL REGULATOR OF CENTRAL CARBON METABOLISM. HIGH-THROUGHPUT METABOLOMICS UNVEIL A SYSTEMIC AMINO ACID AND CARBOHYDRATE IMBALANCE IN MOF DEFICIENT MICE, MANIFESTING IN T2D PREDISPOSITION. ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TESTING (OGTT) REVEALS DEFECTS IN GLUCOSE ASSIMILATION AND INSULIN SECRETION IN THESE ANIMALS. FURTHERMORE, MOF DEFICIENT MICE ARE RESISTANT TO DIET-INDUCED FAT GAIN DUE TO DEFECTS IN GLUCOSE UPTAKE IN ADIPOSE TISSUE. MOF-MEDIATED H4K16AC DEPOSITION CONTROLS EXPRESSION OF THE MASTER REGULATOR OF GLUCOSE METABOLISM, PPARG AND THE ENTIRE DOWNSTREAM TRANSCRIPTIONAL NETWORK. GLUCOSE UPTAKE AND LIPID STORAGE CAN BE RECONSTITUTED IN MOF-DEPLETED ADIPOCYTES IN VITRO BY ECTOPIC GLUT4 EXPRESSION, PPARGAMMA AGONIST THIAZOLIDINEDIONE (TZD) TREATMENT OR SIRT1 INHIBITION. HENCE, CHRONIC IMBALANCE IN H4K16AC PROMOTES A DESTABILISATION OF METABOLISM TRIGGERING THE DEVELOPMENT OF A METABOLIC DISORDER, AND ITS MAINTENANCE PROVIDES AN UNPRECEDENTED REGULATORY EPIGENETIC MECHANISM CONTROLLING DIET-INDUCED OBESITY.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
18   329  23 ALPHA-OXOGLUTARATE INHIBITS THE PROLIFERATION OF IMMORTALIZED NORMAL BLADDER EPITHELIAL CELLS VIA AN EPIGENETIC SWITCH INVOLVING ARID1A. INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS (IC) IS A CHRONIC URINARY TRACT DISEASE THAT IS CHARACTERIZED BY UNPLEASANT SENSATIONS, SUCH AS PERSISTENT PELVIC PAIN, IN THE ABSENCE OF INFECTION OR OTHER IDENTIFIABLE CAUSES. WE PREVIOUSLY PERFORMED COMPREHENSIVE METABOLOMICS PROFILING OF URINE SAMPLES FROM IC PATIENTS USING NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE AND GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY AND FOUND THAT URINARY ALPHA-OXOGLUTARATE (ALPHA-OG), WAS SIGNIFICANTLY ELEVATED. ALPHA-OG, A TRICARBOXYLIC ACID (TCA) CYCLE INTERMEDIATE, REPORTEDLY FUNCTIONS TO SUPPRESS THE PROLIFERATION OF IMMORTALIZED NORMAL HUMAN BLADDER EPITHELIAL CELLS. HERE, WE IDENTIFIED AT-RICH INTERACTIVE DOMAIN 1 A (ARID1A), A KEY CHROMATIN REMODELER, AS BEING HYPOMETHYLATED AND UPREGULATED BY ALPHA-OG TREATMENT. THIS WAS DONE THROUGH EPIC DNA METHYLATION PROFILING AND SUBSEQUENT BIOCHEMICAL APPROACHES, INCLUDING QUANTITATIVE RT-PCR AND WESTERN BLOT ANALYSES. FURTHERMORE, WE FOUND THAT ALPHA-OG ALMOST COMPLETELY SUPPRESSES TEN-ELEVEN TRANSLOCATION (TET) ACTIVITY, BUT DOES NOT AFFECT DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE (DNMT) ACTIVITY. ALTOGETHER, OUR STUDIES REVEAL THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF ALPHA-OG IN EPIGENETIC REMODELING THROUGH ITS EFFECTS ON ARID1A AND TET EXPRESSION IN THE BLADDER. THIS MAY PROVIDE A NEW POSSIBLE THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY IN TREATING IC.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
19  5523  20 RISKS AND MECHANISMS OF ONCOLOGICAL DISEASE FOLLOWING STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION. UNIQUE BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF STEM CELLS MAKE THEM A PRECIOUS SOURCE OF CELL MATERIAL FOR TREATMENT OF A NUMBER OF PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS. AMONG ISSUES INHIBITING TRANSITION OF STEM CELL TECHNOLOGIES TO THE CLINICS, THE RISK OF ONCOLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS OF STEM CELL-BASED THERAPIES IS THE MOST CRITICAL. A MASSIVE AMOUNT OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL DATA DEMONSTRATES THAT BOTH HEMATOLOGICAL (INCLUDING ACUTE AND CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA) AND NON-HEMATOLOGICAL (INCLUDING TERATOMA AND NON-TERATOMA TUMORS) MALIGNANCIES COULD ARISE FROM DONOR STEM CELLS OF DIFFERENT TYPES. A WIDE SPECTRUM OF MECHANISMS COULD UNDERLIE THE DEVELOPMENT OF ONCOLOGICAL DISEASE IN RECIPIENTS, INCLUDING: I) BLAST TRANSFORMATION OF PROLIFERATING DONOR STEM CELLS UNDER PERSISTENT ACTION OF CERTAIN FACTORS IN THE RECIPIENT, THUS CAUSING DE NOVO MALIGNANCIES; II) CONTAMINATION OF DONOR CELL MATERIAL WITH MALIGNANT CELLS; III) TRANSMISSION OF PARTICULAR VIRAL SUBTYPES WITH DONOR STEM CELLS, COMBINED WITH IMMUNOSUPPRESSION THERAPY EFFECTS; IV) UNCONTROLLABLE PROLIFERATION OF RESIDUAL UNDIFFERENTIATED STEM CELLS OF VARIOUS PLASTICITY; AND V) KARYOTYPIC INSTABILITY IN STEM CELLS FOLLOWING PROLONGED CULTURING/EXPANSION IN VITRO. POTENTIAL PREVENTIVE STRATEGIES ARE DIVERSE AND INCLUDE I) HIGH-THROUGHPUT CELL SORTING-BASED STRATEGIES; II) INTRODUCTION OF SUICIDE GENES INTO THE DONOR STEM CELL GENOME; III) APPLICATION OF APOPTOSIS-INDUCING EPIGENETIC FACTORS; AND SOME OTHER OPTIONS.	2010	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
20  2702  17 EXCITOTOXICITY AND OVERNUTRITION ADDITIVELY IMPAIR METABOLIC FUNCTION AND IDENTITY OF PANCREATIC BETA-CELLS. A SUSTAINED INCREASE IN INTRACELLULAR CA(2+) CONCENTRATION (REFERRED TO HEREAFTER AS EXCITOTOXICITY), BROUGHT ON BY CHRONIC METABOLIC STRESS, MAY CONTRIBUTE TO PANCREATIC BETA-CELL FAILURE. TO DETERMINE THE ADDITIVE EFFECTS OF EXCITOTOXICITY AND OVERNUTRITION ON BETA-CELL FUNCTION AND GENE EXPRESSION, WE ANALYZED THE IMPACT OF A HIGH-FAT DIET (HFD) ON ABCC8 KNOCKOUT MICE. EXCITOTOXICITY CAUSED BETA-CELLS TO BE MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO HFD-INDUCED IMPAIRMENT OF GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS, AND THESE EFFECTS WERE MITIGATED BY VERAPAMIL, A CA(2+) CHANNEL BLOCKER. EXCITOTOXICITY, OVERNUTRITION, AND THE COMBINATION OF BOTH STRESSES CAUSED SIMILAR BUT DISTINCT ALTERATIONS IN THE BETA-CELL TRANSCRIPTOME, INCLUDING ADDITIVE INCREASES IN GENES ASSOCIATED WITH MITOCHONDRIAL ENERGY METABOLISM, FATTY ACID BETA-OXIDATION, AND MITOCHONDRIAL BIOGENESIS AND THEIR KEY REGULATOR PPARGC1A OVERNUTRITION WORSENED EXCITOTOXICITY-INDUCED MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION, INCREASING METABOLIC INFLEXIBILITY AND MITOCHONDRIAL DAMAGE. IN ADDITION, EXCITOTOXICITY AND OVERNUTRITION, INDIVIDUALLY AND TOGETHER, IMPAIRED BOTH BETA-CELL FUNCTION AND IDENTITY BY REDUCING EXPRESSION OF GENES IMPORTANT FOR INSULIN SECRETION, CELL POLARITY, CELL JUNCTION, CILIA, CYTOSKELETON, VESICULAR TRAFFICKING, AND REGULATION OF BETA-CELL EPIGENETIC AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROGRAM. SEX HAD AN IMPACT ON ALL BETA-CELL RESPONSES, WITH MALE ANIMALS EXHIBITING GREATER METABOLIC STRESS-INDUCED IMPAIRMENTS THAN FEMALES. TOGETHER, THESE FINDINGS INDICATE THAT A SUSTAINED INCREASE IN INTRACELLULAR CA(2+), BY ALTERING MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION AND IMPAIRING BETA-CELL IDENTITY, AUGMENTS OVERNUTRITION-INDUCED BETA-CELL FAILURE.	2020