1  4484 170 MOLECULAR SIGNATURE OF CAID SYNDROME: NONCANONICAL ROLES OF SGO1 IN REGULATION OF TGF-BETA SIGNALING AND EPIGENOMICS. BACKGROUND & AIMS: A GENERALIZED HUMAN PACEMAKING SYNDROME, CHRONIC ATRIAL AND INTESTINAL DYSRHYTHMIA (CAID) (OMIM 616201), IS CAUSED BY A HOMOZYGOUS SGO1 MUTATION (K23E), LEADING TO CHRONIC INTESTINAL PSEUDO-OBSTRUCTION AND ARRHYTHMIAS. BECAUSE CAID PATIENTS DO NOT SHOW PHENOTYPES CONSISTENT WITH PERTURBATION OF KNOWN ROLES OF SGO1, WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT NONCANONICAL ROLES OF SGO1 DRIVE THE CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OBSERVED. METHODS: TO IDENTIFY A MOLECULAR SIGNATURE FOR CAID SYNDROME, WE ACHIEVED UNBIASED SCREENS IN CELL LINES AND GUT TISSUES FROM CAID PATIENTS VS WILD-TYPE CONTROLS. WE PERFORMED RNA SEQUENCING ALONG WITH STABLE ISOTOPE LABELING WITH AMINO ACIDS IN CELL CULTURE. IN ADDITION, WE DETERMINED THE GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION AND CHROMATIN ACCESSIBILITY SIGNATURES USING REDUCED REPRESENTATIVE BISULFITE SEQUENCING AND ASSAY FOR TRANSPOSASE-ACCESSIBLE CHROMATIN WITH HIGH-THROUGHPUT SEQUENCING. FUNCTIONAL STUDIES INCLUDED PATCH-CLAMP, QUANTITATION OF TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-BETA (TGF-BETA) SIGNALING, AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY IN CAID PATIENT GUT BIOPSY SPECIMENS. RESULTS: PROTEOME AND TRANSCRIPTOME STUDIES CONVERGE ON CELL-CYCLE REGULATION, CARDIAC CONDUCTION, AND SMOOTH MUSCLE REGULATION AS DRIVERS OF CAID SYNDROME. SPECIFICALLY, THE INWARD RECTIFIER CURRENT, AN IMPORTANT REGULATOR OF CELLULAR FUNCTION, WAS DISRUPTED. IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY CONFIRMED OVEREXPRESSION OF BUDDING UNINHIBITED BY BENZIMIDAZOLES 1 (BUB1) IN PATIENTS, IMPLICATING THE TGF-BETA PATHWAY IN CAID PATHOGENESIS. CANONICAL TGF-BETA SIGNALING WAS UP-REGULATED AND UNCOUPLED FROM NONCANONICAL SIGNALING IN CAID PATIENTS. REDUCED REPRESENTATIVE BISULFITE SEQUENCING AND ASSAY FOR TRANSPOSASE-ACCESSIBLE CHROMATIN WITH HIGH-THROUGHPUT SEQUENCING EXPERIMENTS SHOWED SIGNIFICANT CHANGES OF CHROMATIN STATES IN CAID, POINTING TO EPIGENETIC REGULATION AS A POSSIBLE PATHOLOGIC MECHANISM. CONCLUSIONS: OUR FINDINGS POINT TO IMPAIRED INWARD RECTIFIER POTASSIUM CURRENT, DYSREGULATION OF CANONICAL TGF-BETA SIGNALING, AND EPIGENETIC REGULATION AS POTENTIAL DRIVERS OF INTESTINAL AND CARDIAC MANIFESTATIONS OF CAID SYNDROME. TRANSCRIPT PROFILING AND GENOMICS DATA ARE AS FOLLOWS: REPOSITORY URL: HTTPS://WWW.NCBI.NLM.NIH.GOV/GEO; SUPERSERIES GSE110612 WAS COMPOSED OF THE FOLLOWING SUBSERIES: GSE110309, GSE110576, AND GSE110601.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
2   543  38 ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERMETHYLATION IN HUMAN LEFT ATRIUM, AND TREATMENT WITH DECITABINE REDUCES ATRIAL TACHYARRHYTHMIAS IN SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS. ATRIAL FIBRILLATION (AF) IS THE MOST COMMON CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA. AS THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THE PATHOLOGY ARE LARGELY UNKNOWN, THIS CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA REMAINS DIFFICULT TO TREAT. TO IDENTIFY SPECIFIC MOLECULAR ACTORS INVOLVED IN AF, WE HAVE PERFORMED A TRANSCRIPTOMIC ANALYSIS ON LEFT ATRIUM (LA) FROM PATIENTS WITH VALVULAR HEART DISEASE WITH OR WITHOUT AF. WE SHOWED THAT 1627 GENES HAD ALTERED BASAL EXPRESSION LEVEL IN LA TISSUE OF AF PATIENTS COMPARED WITH THE CONTROL GROUP. THE SIGNIFICANTLY ENRICHED GENE ONTOLOGY BIOLOGICAL PROCESS "ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE MORPHOGENESIS" CONTAINED THE HIGHEST NUMBER OF GENES IN LINE WITH CHANGES IN STRUCTURE THAT OCCUR WHEN THE HUMAN HEART REMODELS FOLLOWING AF DEVELOPMENT (IE, LA DILATATION AND INTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS). WE THEN FOCUSED THE STUDY ON PITX2 (PAIRED-LIKE HOMEODOMAIN 2), BEING THE MOST ALTERED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR IN LA FROM AF PATIENTS AND FROM WHICH COMPELLING EVIDENCE HAVE INDICATED THAT ITS REDUCED EXPRESSION CAN BE CONSIDERED AS A MARKER FOR THE DISEASE. IN ADDITION, ITS EXPRESSION WAS INVERSELY CORRELATED WITH LA SIZE. WE DEMONSTRATED THAT AF IS ASSOCIATED WITH PITX2 PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATION BOTH IN HUMANS AND ARRHYTHMIC AGING SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS. CHRONIC ADMINISTRATION OF A DNA METHYLATION INHIBITOR (IE, 5-AZA-2'-DEOXYCITIDINE) IMPROVED ECG ARRHYTHMIC PROFILES AND SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE ACTIVITIES AND REDUCED FIBROSIS IN THE LEFT VENTRICLE OF SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS. TAKEN TOGETHER, THESE DATA SUPPORT THE NOTION THAT AF IS ASSOCIATED WITH EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN LA AND PROVIDE A PROOF-OF-CONCEPT THAT HYPOMETHYLATING AGENTS HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE TREATMENT OF ATRIAL ARRHYTHMIAS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
3  6145  53 THE EXPANDING PHENOTYPES OF COHESINOPATHIES: ONE RING TO RULE THEM ALL! PRESERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF LIFE DEPEND ON THE ADEQUATE SEGREGATION OF SISTER CHROMATIDS DURING MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS. THIS PROCESS IS ENSURED BY THE COHESIN MULTI-SUBUNIT COMPLEX. MUTATIONS IN THIS COMPLEX HAVE BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASING NUMBER OF DISEASES, TERMED COHESINOPATHIES. THE BEST CHARACTERIZED COHESINOPATHY IS CORNELIA DE LANGE SYNDROME (CDLS), IN WHICH INTELLECTUAL AND GROWTH RETARDATIONS ARE THE MAIN PHENOTYPIC MANIFESTATIONS. DESPITE SOME OVERLAP, THE CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF COHESINOPATHIES VARY CONSIDERABLY. NOVEL ROLES OF THE COHESIN COMPLEX HAVE EMERGED DURING THE PAST DECADES, SUGGESTING THAT IMPORTANT CELL CYCLE REGULATORS EXERT IMPORTANT BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS THROUGH NON-COHESION-RELATED FUNCTIONS AND BROADENING THE POTENTIAL PATHOMECHANISMS INVOLVED IN COHESINOPATHIES. THIS REVIEW FOCUSES ON NON-COHESION-RELATED FUNCTIONS OF THE COHESIN COMPLEX, GENE DOSAGE EFFECT, EPIGENETIC REGULATION AND TGF-BETA IN COHESINOPATHY CONTEXT, ESPECIALLY IN COMPARISON TO CHRONIC ATRIAL AND INTESTINAL DYSRHYTHMIA (CAID) SYNDROME, A VERY DISTINCT COHESINOPATHY CAUSED BY A HOMOZYGOUS SHUGOSHIN-1 (SGO1) MUTATION (K23E) AND CHARACTERIZED BY PACEMAKER FAILURE IN BOTH HEART (SICK SINUS SYNDROME FOLLOWED BY ATRIAL FLUTTER) AND GUT (CHRONIC INTESTINAL PSEUDO-OBSTRUCTION) WITH NO INTELLECTUAL OR GROWTH DELAY. WE DISCUSS THE POSSIBLE IMPACT OF SGO1 ALTERATIONS IN HUMAN PATHOLOGIES AND THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF THE SGO1 K23E MUTATION IN THE SINUS NODE AND GUT DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTIONS. WE SUGGEST THAT THE HUMAN PHENOTYPES OBSERVED IN CDLS, CAID SYNDROME AND OTHER COHESINOPATHIES CAN INFORM FUTURE STUDIES INTO THE LESS WELL-KNOWN NON-COHESION-RELATED FUNCTIONS OF COHESIN COMPLEX GENES. ABBREVIATIONS: AD: ALZHEIMER DISEASE; AFF4: AF4/FMR2 FAMILY MEMBER 4; ANKRD11: ANKYRIN REPEAT DOMAIN 11; APC: ANAPHASE PROMOTER COMPLEX; ASD: ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT; ATRX: ATRX CHROMATIN REMODELER; ATRX: ALPHA THALASSEMIA X-LINKED INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY SYNDROME; BIRC5: BACULOVIRAL IAP REPEAT CONTAINING 5; BMP: BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN; BRD4: BROMODOMAIN CONTAINING 4; BUB1: BUB1 MITOTIC CHECKPOINT SERINE/THREONINE KINASE; CAID: CHRONIC ATRIAL AND INTESTINAL DYSRHYTHMIA; CDK1: CYCLIN DEPENDENT KINASE 1; CDLS: CORNELIA DE LANGE SYNDROME; CHD: CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE; CHOPS: COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT, COARSE FACIES, HEART DEFECTS, OBESITY, PULMONARY INVOLVEMENT, SHORT STATURE, AND SKELETAL DYSPLASIA; CIPO: CHRONIC INTESTINAL PSEUDO-OBSTRUCTION; C-KIT: KIT PROTO-ONCOGENE RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASE; COATS: COHESIN ACETYLTRANSFERASES; CTCF: CCCTC-BINDING FACTOR; DDX11: DEAD/H-BOX HELICASE 11; ERG: TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATOR ERG; ESCO2: ESTABLISHMENT OF SISTER CHROMATID COHESION N-ACETYLTRANSFERASE 2; GJC1: GAP JUNCTION PROTEIN GAMMA 1; H2A: HISTONE H2A; H3K4: HISTONE H3 LYSINE 4; H3K9: HISTONE H3 LYSINE 9; HCN4: HYPERPOLARIZATION ACTIVATED CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE GATED POTASSIUM AND SODIUM CHANNEL 4;P HDAC8: HISTONE DEACETYLASES 8; HP1: HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1; ICC: INTERSTITIAL CELLS OF CAJAL; ICC-MP: MYENTERIC PLEXUS INTERSTITIAL CELLS OF CAJAL; ICC-DMP: DEEP MUSCULAR PLEXUS INTERSTITIAL CELLS OF CAJAL; I(F): PACEMAKER FUNNY CURRENT; IP3: INOSITOL TRISPHOSPHATE; JNK: C-JUN N-TERMINAL KINASE; LDS: LOEYS-DIETZ SYNDROME; LOAD: LATE-ONSET ALZHEIMER DISEASE; MAPK: MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE; MAU: MAU SISTER CHROMATID COHESION FACTOR; MFS: MARFAN SYNDROME; NIPBL: NIPBL, COHESIN LOADING FACTOR; OCT4: OCTAMER-BINDING PROTEIN 4; P38: P38 MAP KINASE; PDA: PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS; PDS5: PDS5 COHESIN ASSOCIATED FACTOR; P-H3: PHOSPHO HISTONE H3; PLK1: POLO LIKE KINASE 1; POPDC1: POPEYE DOMAIN CONTAINING 1; POPDC2: POPEYE DOMAIN CONTAINING 2; PP2A: PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2; RAD21: RAD21 COHESIN COMPLEX COMPONENT; RBS: ROBERTS SYNDROME; REC8: REC8 MEIOTIC RECOMBINATION PROTEIN; RNAP2: RNA POLYMERASE II; SAN: SINOATRIAL NODE; SCN5A: SODIUM VOLTAGE-GATED CHANNEL ALPHA SUBUNIT 5; SEC: SUPER ELONGATION COMPLEX; SGO1: SHOGOSHIN-1; SMAD: SMAD FAMILY MEMBER; SMC1A: STRUCTURAL MAINTENANCE OF CHROMOSOMES 1A; SMC3: STRUCTURAL MAINTENANCE OF CHROMOSOMES 3; SNV: SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE VARIANT; SOX2: SRY-BOX 2; SOX17: SRY-BOX 17; SSS: SICK SINUS SYNDROME; STAG2: COHESIN SUBUNIT SA-2; TADS: TOPOLOGY ASSOCIATED DOMAINS; TBX: T-BOX TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; TGF-BETA: TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA; TGFBR: TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA RECEPTOR; TOF: TETRALOGY OF FALLOT; TREK1: TREK-1 K(+) CHANNEL SUBUNIT; VSD: VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT; WABS: WARSAW BREAKAGE SYNDROME; WAPL: WAPL COHESIN RELEASE FACTOR.	2019	

4   746  17 CANNABIS TERATOLOGY EXPLAINS CURRENT PATTERNS OF COLORADAN CONGENITAL DEFECTS: THE CONTRIBUTION OF INCREASED CANNABINOID EXPOSURE TO RISING TERATOLOGICAL TRENDS. RISING DELTA9-TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL CONCENTRATIONS IN MODERN CANNABIS INVITES INVESTIGATION OF THE TERATOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF PRENATAL CANNABIS EXPOSURE. DATA FROM COLORADO RESPONDS TO CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS (CRCSN), NATIONAL SURVEY OF DRUG USE AND HEALTH, AND DRUG ENFORCEMENT AGENCY WAS ANALYZED. SEVEN, 40, AND 2 DEFECTS WERE RISING, FLAT, AND FALLING, RESPECTIVELY, AND 10/12 SUMMARY INDICES ROSE. ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT, SPINA BIFIDA, MICROCEPHALUS, DOWN'S SYNDROME, VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT, AND PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS ROSE, AND ALONG WITH CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, CARDIOVASCULAR, GENITOURINARY, RESPIRATORY, CHROMOSOMAL, AND MUSCULOSKELETAL DEFECTS ROSE 5 TO 37 TIMES FASTER THAN THE BIRTH RATE (3.3%) TO GENERATE AN EXCESS OF 11 753 (22%) MAJOR ANOMALIES. CANNABIS WAS THE ONLY DRUG WHOSE USE GREW FROM 2000 TO 2014 WHILE PAIN RELIEVERS, COCAINE, ALCOHOL, AND TOBACCO DID NOT. THE CORRELATION OF CANNABIS USE WITH MAJOR DEFECTS IN 2014 (2019 DATASET) WAS R = .77, P = .0011. MULTIPLE CANNABINOIDS WERE LINKED WITH SUMMARY MEASURES OF CONGENITAL ANOMALIES AND WERE ROBUST TO MULTIVARIATE ADJUSTMENT.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
5  6569  24 TRANSPLANTATION OF EPIGENETICALLY MODIFIED ADULT CARDIAC C-KIT+ CELLS RETARDS REMODELING AND IMPROVES CARDIAC FUNCTION IN ISCHEMIC HEART FAILURE MODEL. CARDIAC C-KIT+ CELLS HAVE A MODEST CARDIOGENIC POTENTIAL THAT COULD LIMIT THEIR EFFICACY IN HEART DISEASE TREATMENT. THE PRESENT STUDY WAS DESIGNED TO AUGMENT THE CARDIOGENIC POTENTIAL OF CARDIAC C-KIT+ CELLS THROUGH CLASS I HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC) INHIBITION AND EVALUATE THEIR THERAPEUTIC POTENCY IN THE CHRONIC HEART FAILURE (CHF) ANIMAL MODEL. MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (MI) WAS CREATED BY CORONARY ARTERY OCCLUSION IN RATS. C-KIT+ CELLS WERE TREATED WITH MOCETINOSTAT (MOCE), A SPECIFIC CLASS I HDAC INHIBITOR. AT 3 WEEKS AFTER MI, CHF ANIMALS WERE RETROGRADELY INFUSED WITH UNTREATED (CONTROL) OR MOCE-TREATED C-KIT+ CELLS (MOCE/C-KIT+ CELLS) AND EVALUATED AT 3 WEEKS AFTER CELL INFUSION. WE FOUND THAT CLASS I HDAC INHIBITION IN C-KIT+ CELLS ELEVATED THE LEVEL OF ACETYLATED HISTONE H3 (ACH3) AND INCREASED ACH3 LEVELS IN THE PROMOTER REGIONS OF PLURIPOTENT AND CARDIAC-SPECIFIC GENES. EPIGENETIC CHANGES WERE ACCOMPANIED BY INCREASED EXPRESSION OF CARDIAC-SPECIFIC MARKERS. TRANSPLANTATION OF CHF RATS WITH EITHER CONTROL OR MOCE/C-KIT+ CELLS RESULTED IN AN IMPROVEMENT IN CARDIAC FUNCTION, RETARDATION OF CHF REMODELING MADE EVIDENT BY INCREASED VASCULARIZATION AND SCAR SIZE, AND CARDIOMYOCYTE HYPERTROPHY REDUCTION. COMPARED WITH CHF INFUSED WITH CONTROL CELLS, INFUSION OF MOCE/C-KIT+ CELLS RESULTED IN A FURTHER REDUCTION IN LEFT VENTRICLE END-DIASTOLIC PRESSURE AND TOTAL COLLAGEN AND AN INCREASE IN INTERLEUKIN-6 EXPRESSION. THE LOW ENGRAFTMENT OF INFUSED CELLS SUGGESTS THAT PARACRINE EFFECTS MIGHT ACCOUNT FOR THE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF C-KIT+ CELLS IN CHF. IN CONCLUSION, SELECTIVE INHIBITION OF CLASS I HDACS INDUCED EXPRESSION OF CARDIAC MARKERS IN C-KIT+ CELLS AND PARTIALLY AUGMENTED THE EFFICACY OF THESE CELLS FOR CHF REPAIR. SIGNIFICANCE: THE STUDY HAS SHOWN THAT SELECTIVE CLASS 1 HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITION IS SUFFICIENT TO REDIRECT C-KIT+ CELLS TOWARD A CARDIAC FATE. EPIGENETICALLY MODIFIED C-KIT+ CELLS IMPROVED CONTRACTILE FUNCTION AND RETARDED REMODELING OF THE CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE HEART. THIS STUDY PROVIDES NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE EFFICACY OF CARDIAC C-KIT+ CELLS IN THE ISCHEMIC HEART FAILURE MODEL.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
6  1019  36 CIRCRNA-MIRNA CROSS-TALK IN THE TRANSITION FROM PAROXYSMAL TO PERMANENT ATRIAL FIBRILLATION. BACKGROUND: ATRIAL FIBRILLATION (AF) IS THE MOST PREVALENT CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA IN WESTERN COUNTRIES. THE FACTORS GOVERNING THE PROGRESSION OF AF TO A PERMANENT CHRONIC CONDITION ARE STILL NOT WELL CHARACTERIZED. AMONG EPIGENETIC FACTORS, NON-CODING RNAS (NCRNAS) SUCH AS MIRNAS AND LNCRNAS HAVE BEEN RECENTLY DESCRIBED AS IMPORTANT PLAYERS INVOLVED IN THE AF PROGRESSION. WE HYPOTHESIZE ABOUT THE EXISTENCE OF ADDITIONAL REGULATORY LAYERS IN AF INVOLVING AN INTRICATE CROSS-TALK BETWEEN DIFFERENT NCRNA SPECIES, NAMELY MIRNAS AND CIRCRNAS FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A CHRONIC AF CONDITION. METHODS AND RESULTS: WE HAVE PERFORMED AN UNBIASED STUDY ANALYZING THE EXPRESSION PROFILE FOR MIRNAS AND CIRCRNAS IN LEFT-ATRIAL BIOPSIES FROM PATIENTS WITH PAROXYSMAL AND PERMANENT AF BY RNA-SEQ. THE TRANSITION FROM PAROXYSMAL TO PERMANENT AF IS CHARACTERIZED BY A PATTERN OF DOWN-REGULATED MIRNAS, CONCOMITANT TO THE APPEARANCE OF SPECIFIC CIRCRNA SPECIES. THE ANALYSIS OF THE SPONGING ACTIVITIES OF THE CIRCRNAS EXCLUSIVELY EXPRESSED IN PERMANENT AF SAMPLES, ALLOWED US TO DETERMINE THAT THEY COULD BE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DOWNREGULATION OF SPECIFIC MIRNAS IN ESTABLISHMENT OF A PERMANENT AF CONDITION. CONCLUSION: SPONGING ACTIVITY OF CIRCRNAS SEQUESTERING SPECIFIC MIRNAS IS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR TO BE CONSIDERED FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN AF PROGRESSION.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
7  1092  29 COHESIN MUTATIONS IN MYELOID MALIGNANCIES. COHESIN IS A MULTISUBUNIT PROTEIN COMPLEX THAT FORMS A RING-LIKE STRUCTURE AROUND DNA. IT IS ESSENTIAL FOR SISTER CHROMATID COHESION, CHROMATIN ORGANIZATION, TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION, AND DNA DAMAGE REPAIR AND PLAYS A MAJOR ROLE IN DYNAMICALLY SHAPING THE GENOME ARCHITECTURE AND MAINTAINING DNA INTEGRITY. THE CORE COMPLEX SUBUNITS STAG2, RAD21, SMC1, AND SMC3, AS WELL AS ITS MODULATORS PDS5A/B, WAPL, AND NIPBL, HAVE BEEN FOUND TO BE RECURRENTLY MUTATED IN HEMATOLOGIC AND SOLID MALIGNANCIES. THESE MUTATIONS ARE FOUND ACROSS THE FULL SPECTRUM OF MYELOID NEOPLASIA, INCLUDING PEDIATRIC DOWN SYNDROME-ASSOCIATED ACUTE MEGAKARYOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA, MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES, CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA, AND DE NOVO AND SECONDARY ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIAS. THE MECHANISMS BY WHICH COHESIN MUTATIONS ACT AS DRIVERS OF CLONAL EXPANSION AND DISEASE PROGRESSION ARE STILL POORLY UNDERSTOOD. RECENT STUDIES HAVE DESCRIBED THE IMPACT OF COHESIN ALTERATIONS ON SELF-RENEWAL AND DIFFERENTIATION OF HEMATOPOIETIC STEM AND PROGENITOR CELLS, WHICH ARE ASSOCIATED WITH CHANGES IN CHROMATIN AND EPIGENETIC STATE DIRECTING LINEAGE COMMITMENT, AS WELL AS GENOMIC INTEGRITY. HEREIN, WE REVIEW THE ROLE OF THE COHESIN COMPLEX IN HEALTHY AND MALIGNANT HEMATOPOIESIS. WE DISCUSS CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS OF COHESIN MUTATIONS IN MYELOID MALIGNANCIES AND DISCUSS OPPORTUNITIES FOR THERAPEUTIC TARGETING.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
8  5025  29 PERSONALIZED MANAGEMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS. PERSONALIZED MANAGEMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS (CVD), ALSO REFERRED TO AS PERSONALIZED OR PRECISION CARDIOLOGY IN ACCORDANCE WITH GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE, IS SELECTION OF THE BEST TREATMENT FOR AN INDIVIDUAL PATIENT. IT INVOLVES THE INTEGRATION OF VARIOUS "OMICS" TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS GENOMICS AND PROTEOMICS AS WELL AS OTHER NEW TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY. MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS AND BIOMARKERS ARE IMPORTANT FOR LINKING DIAGNOSIS WITH THERAPY AND MONITORING THERAPY. BECAUSE CVD INVOLVE PERTURBATIONS OF LARGE COMPLEX BIOLOGICAL NETWORKS, A SYSTEMS BIOLOGY APPROACH TO CVD RISK STRATIFICATION MAY BE USED FOR IMPROVING RISK-ESTIMATING ALGORITHMS, AND MODELING OF PERSONALIZED BENEFIT OF TREATMENT MAY BE HELPFUL FOR GUIDING THE CHOICE OF INTERVENTION. BIOINFORMATICS TOOLS ARE HELPFUL IN ANALYZING AND INTEGRATING LARGE AMOUNTS OF DATA FROM VARIOUS SOURCES. PERSONALIZED THERAPY IS CONSIDERED DURING DRUG DEVELOPMENT, INCLUDING METHODS OF TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY AND CLINICAL TRIALS. INDIVIDUALIZED RECOMMENDATIONS CONSIDER MULTIPLE FACTORS - GENETIC AS WELL AS EPIGENETIC - FOR PATIENTS' RISK OF HEART DISEASE. EXAMPLES OF PERSONALIZED TREATMENT ARE THOSE OF CHRONIC MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA, HEART FAILURE, AND HYPERTENSION. SIMILAR APPROACHES CAN BE USED FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AND HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA, AS WELL AS THE USE OF ANTICOAGULANTS. PERSONALIZED MANAGEMENT INCLUDES PHARMACOTHERAPY, SURGERY, LIFESTYLE MODIFICATIONS, AND COMBINATIONS THEREOF. FURTHER PROGRESS IN UNDERSTANDING THE PATHOMECHANISM OF COMPLEX CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES AND IDENTIFICATION OF CAUSATIVE FACTORS AT THE INDIVIDUAL PATIENT LEVEL WILL PROVIDE OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONALIZED CARDIOLOGY. APPLICATION OF PRINCIPLES OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE WILL IMPROVE THE CARE OF THE PATIENTS WITH CVD.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
9  3064  47 GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION ENCODES CARDIAC TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPROGRAMMING IN HUMAN ISCHEMIC HEART FAILURE. ISCHEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHY (ICM) IS THE CLINICAL ENDPOINT OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE AND A LEADING CAUSE OF HEART FAILURE. DESPITE GROWING DEMANDS TO DEVELOP PERSONALIZED APPROACHES TO TREAT ICM, PROGRESS IS LIMITED BY INADEQUATE KNOWLEDGE OF ITS PATHOGENESIS. SINCE EPIGENETICS HAS BEEN IMPLICATED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF OTHER CHRONIC DISEASES, THE CURRENT STUDY WAS DESIGNED TO DETERMINE WHETHER TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND/OR EPIGENETIC CHANGES ARE SUFFICIENT TO DISTINGUISH ICM FROM OTHER ETIOLOGIES OF HEART FAILURE. SPECIFICALLY, WE HYPOTHESIZE THAT GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION ENCODES TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPROGRAMMING IN ICM. RNA-SEQUENCING ANALYSIS WAS PERFORMED ON HUMAN ISCHEMIC LEFT VENTRICULAR TISSUE OBTAINED FROM PATIENTS WITH END-STAGE HEART FAILURE, WHICH ENRICHED KNOWN TARGETS OF THE POLYCOMB METHYLTRANSFERASE EZH2 COMPARED TO NON-ISCHEMIC HEARTS. COMBINED RNA SEQUENCING AND GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION ANALYSIS REVEALED A ROBUST GENE EXPRESSION PATTERN CONSISTENT WITH SUPPRESSION OF OXIDATIVE METABOLISM, INDUCED ANAEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS, AND ALTERED CELLULAR REMODELING. LASTLY, KLF15 WAS IDENTIFIED AS A PUTATIVE UPSTREAM REGULATOR OF METABOLIC GENE EXPRESSION THAT WAS ITSELF REGULATED BY EZH2 IN A SET DOMAIN-DEPENDENT MANNER. OUR OBSERVATIONS THEREFORE DEFINE A NOVEL ROLE OF DNA METHYLATION IN THE METABOLIC REPROGRAMMING OF ICM. FURTHERMORE, WE IDENTIFY EZH2 AS AN EPIGENETIC REGULATOR OF KLF15 ALONG WITH DNA HYPERMETHYLATION, AND WE PROPOSE A NOVEL MECHANISM THROUGH WHICH CORONARY HEART DISEASE REPROGRAMS THE EXPRESSION OF BOTH INTERMEDIATE ENZYMES AND UPSTREAM REGULATORS OF CARDIAC METABOLISM SUCH AS KLF15.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
10  3994  39 LONGITUDINAL PROFILING IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING CARDIAC SURGERY REVEALS POSTOPERATIVE CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION. BACKGROUND: CARDIAC SURGERY AND CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS INDUCE A SUBSTANTIAL IMMUNE AND INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE, THE OVERACTIVATION OF WHICH IS ASSOCIATED WITH SIGNIFICANT PULMONARY, CARDIOVASCULAR, AND NEUROLOGIC COMPLICATIONS. COMMENSURATE WITH THE IMMUNE AND INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE ARE CHANGES IN THE HEART AND VASCULATURE ITSELF, WHICH TOGETHER DRIVE POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS THROUGH MECHANISMS THAT ARE POORLY UNDERSTOOD. LONGITUDINAL DNA METHYLATION PROFILING HAS THE POTENTIAL TO IDENTIFY CHANGES IN GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS THAT ARE SECONDARY TO SURGERY AND TO IDENTIFY MOLECULAR PROCESSES THAT PREDICT AND/OR CAUSE POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS. IN THIS STUDY, WE MEASURE DNA METHYLATION IN PREOPERATIVE AND POSTOPERATIVE WHOLE BLOOD SAMPLES FROM 96 PATIENTS UNDERGOING CARDIAC SURGERY ON CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS. RESULTS: WHILE THE VAST MAJORITY OF DNA METHYLATION IS UNCHANGED BY SURGERY AFTER ACCOUNTING FOR CHANGES IN CELL-TYPE COMPOSITION, WE IDENTIFY SEVERAL LOCI WITH STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT POSTOPERATIVE CHANGES IN METHYLATION. ADDITIONALLY, TWO OF THESE LOCI ARE ASSOCIATED WITH NEW-ONSET POSTOPERATIVE ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, A SIGNIFICANT COMPLICATION AFTER CARDIAC SURGERY. PAIRED STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, USE OF FACS DATA TO SUPPORT SUFFICIENT CONTROL OF CELL-TYPE HETEROGENEITY, AND MEASUREMENT OF IL6 LEVELS IN A SUBSET OF PATIENTS ADD RIGOR TO THIS ANALYSIS, ALLOWING US TO DISTINGUISH CELL-TYPE VARIABILITY FROM ACTUAL CHANGES IN METHYLATION. CONCLUSIONS: THIS STUDY IDENTIFIES SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION THAT OCCUR IMMEDIATELY AFTER CARDIAC SURGERY AND DEMONSTRATES THAT THESE ACUTE ALTERATIONS IN DNA METHYLATION HAVE THE GRANULARITY TO IDENTIFY PROCESSES ASSOCIATED WITH MAJOR POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS. THIS RESEARCH ALSO ESTABLISHES METHODS FOR CONTROLLING FOR CELL-TYPE VARIABILITY IN A LARGE HUMAN COHORT THAT MAY BE USEFUL TO DEPLOY IN OTHER LONGITUDINAL STUDIES OF EPIGENETIC MARKS IN THE SETTING OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC DISEASE.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
11  3850  25 IS GENDER A FACTOR AFFECTING LONG-TERM HETEROTOPIC OSSIFICATION INCIDENCE AFTER SINGLE-LEVEL CERVICAL DISC ARTHROPLASTY? BACKGROUND: CERVICAL DISC DISEASES HAVE BEEN TREATED BY CERVICAL DISC ARTHROPLASTY (CDA). NEVERTHELESS, SOME PATIENTS WILL EXPERIENCE A MOBILITY FAILURE IN THEIR CERVICAL PROSTHESES OVER TIME BECAUSE OF HETEROTOPIC OSSIFICATION. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE ROLE OF GENDER IN LONG-TERM OUTCOMES AFTER CDA. METHODS: A RETROSPECTIVE, SINGLE-CENTER STUDY OF PATIENTS WHO UNDERWENT SINGLE-LEVEL CDA WITH A BRYAN CERVICAL DISC PROSTHESIS WAS PERFORMED, INCLUDING A NARRATIVE REVIEW ABOUT GENDER DIFFERENCES IN BOTH STRUCTURAL AND BIOMECHANICAL FEATURES OF THE CERVICAL SPINE. RESULTS: STUDY PATIENTS (14 MEN, 30 WOMEN) HAD AN AVERAGE FOLLOW-UP OF 9.8 +/- 3.2 YEARS. SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES EMERGED BETWEEN GENDERS FOR SPECIFIC ITEMS IN NECK DISABILITY INDEX PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION, WITH WOMEN REPORTING WORSE PAIN SCORES (P = 0.05). AFTER STRATIFICATION BY AGE, WE FOUND A HIGHER PREOPERATIVE OVERALL NECK DISABILITY INDEX SCORE FOR FEMALE PATIENTS <36 YEARS OF AGE (P = 0.03). IN AN INTERGENDER, BODY MASS INDEX-SPECIFIC COMPARISON, WE ALSO FOUND A SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE IN NECK DISABILITY INDEX PREOPERATIVE SCORE WITH NORMAL-WEIGHT MALE PATIENTS FARING WORSE THAN OVERWEIGHT MALE PATIENTS (P = 0.05). AT A RADIOLOGICAL LEVEL, WE FOUND A TENDENCY TOWARD A HIGHER HETEROTOPIC OSSIFICATION INCIDENCE IN MALE PATIENTS (62% IN MEN, 17% IN WOMEN, P = 0.06). THE FEMALE CERVICAL SPINE HAS DISTINCTIVE FEATURES, INCLUDING BONE STRUCTURE, MUSCULAR ACTION, SOFT TISSUE RESPONSE, AND GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC RESPONSE TO OSTEOARTHRITIS. CONCLUSIONS: THE INCIDENCE OF MOBILITY FAILURE IN OUR SERIES OF SINGLE-LEVEL CDA WAS LOWER IN FEMALE PATIENTS. SEVERAL GENDER-SPECIFIC FACTORS BOTH IN STATIC AND IN DYNAMIC FEATURES MAY PLAY A SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN SPINAL PATHOLOGY AND CDA LONG-TERM RADIOLOGICAL OUTCOME.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
12   246  33 ADULT STEM CELL THERAPY FOR CARDIAC REPAIR IN PATIENTS AFTER ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION LEADING TO ISCHEMIC HEART FAILURE: AN OVERVIEW OF EVIDENCE FROM THE RECENT CLINICAL TRIALS. BACKGROUND: CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES (CVD) STILL REPRESENT THE LEADING CAUSE OF MORTALITY WORLDWIDE, DESPITE THE REMARKABLE ADVANCES IN INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY, CARDIAC SURGERY, AND MODERN PHARMACOTHERAPY, PARTICULARLY IN THE SETTING OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (AMI), CHRONIC ISCHEMIC HEART FAILURE (HF), CARDIOMYOPATHY (CM), AND THE ASSOCIATED LEFT VENTRICULAR (LV) DYSFUNCTION. A SIGNIFICANT LOSS OF CARDIOMYOCYTES THAT UNDERLIES ALL OF THESE CONDITIONS WAS PREVIOUSLY CONSIDERED IRREVERSIBLE. HOWEVER, CURRENT EVIDENCE INDICATES THAT THE HUMAN HEART HAS SOME POTENTIAL FOR REPAIR, AND OVER THE PAST DECADE, MANY RESEARCH STUDIES HAVE BEEN EXPLORING THE USE OF STEM CELLS (SCS) TO FACILITATE RESTORATION OF MYOCARDIUM. CONSEQUENTLY, THE SAFETY, FEASIBILITY, AND EFFECTIVENESS OF SC THERAPY HAVE BEEN REPORTED IN MANY RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIALS (RCTS), USING DIFFERENT LINEAGES OF ADULT SCS. NEVERTHELESS, THE CLINICAL BENEFITS OF SC THERAPY ARE NOT YET WELL ESTABLISHED. IN THE NEAR FUTURE, UNDERSTANDING OF THE COMPLEX INTERRELATIONS BETWEEN SCS, PARACRINE FACTORS, GENETIC OR EPIGENETIC PREDISPOSITIONS, AND MYOCARDIAL MICROENVIRONMENT, IN THE CONTEXT OF AN INDIVIDUAL PATIENT, WILL BE CRUCIAL FOR TRANSLATION OF THIS KNOWLEDGE INTO PRACTICAL DEVELOPMENT OF SUCCESSFUL, LONG-TERM REGENERATIVE SC THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS, IN A GROWING POPULATION OF PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM PREVIOUS MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (MI) LEADING TO CHRONIC ISCHEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHY. CONCLUSION: THIS OVERVIEW HIGHLIGHTS THE THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF ADULT SCS IN TERMS OF THEIR POSSIBLE REGENERATIVE CAPACITY, SAFETY, AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES, IN PATIENTS WITH AMI, AND/OR SUBSEQUENT HF (DUE TO CHRONIC ISCHEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHY). THIS REVIEW WAS BASED UPON PUBMED DATABASE SEARCH FOR TRIALS ON SC THERAPY, IN PATIENTS WITH AMI AND HF, AND THE MAIN TIMEFRAME WAS SET FROM 2006 TO 2016.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
13  5822  16 STRESS IN THE ONSET AND AGGRAVATION OF LEARNING DISABILITIES. DESPITE SUBSTANTIAL GROUNDS FOR SUCH RESEARCH, THE ROLE OF CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO STRESSORS IN THE ONSET AND AGGRAVATION OF LEARNING DISABILITIES (LDS) IS LARGELY UNEXPLORED. IN THIS REVIEW, WE FIRST CONSIDER THE HORMONAL, (EPI)GENETIC, AND NEUROBIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS THAT MIGHT UNDERLIE THE IMPACT OF ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES, A FORM OF CHRONIC STRESSORS, ON THE ONSET OF LDS. WE THEN FOUND THAT STRESS FACTORS COMBINED WITH FEELINGS OF INFERIORITY, LOW SELF-ESTEEM, AND PEER VICTIMIZATION COULD POTENTIALLY FURTHER AGGRAVATE ACADEMIC FAILURES IN CHILDREN WITH LDS. SINCE EFFECTIVE EVIDENCE-BASED INTERVENTIONS FOR REDUCING CHRONIC STRESS IN CHILDREN WITH LDS COULD IMPROVE THEIR ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE, CONSIDERATION OF THE ROLE OF EXPOSURE TO STRESSORS IN CHILDREN WITH LDS HAS BOTH THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL IMPORTANCE, ESPECIALLY WHEN DELIVERED IN COMBINATION WITH ACADEMIC INTERVENTIONS.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
14   537  24 ASYMPTOMATIC HYPERURICEMIA: IS IT REALLY ASYMPTOMATIC? PURPOSE OF REVIEW: HYPERURICEMIA IS HIGHLY PREVALENT, AFFECTING APPROXIMATELY 38 MILLION INDIVIDUALS IN THE UNITED STATES. HOWEVER, THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ASYMPTOMATIC HYPERURICEMIA - HYPERURICEMIA IN THE ABSENCE OF GOUT - CONTINUES TO BE DEBATED. RECENT FINDINGS: ASYMPTOMATIC HYPERURICEMIA RESULTS IN MONOSODIUM URATE CRYSTAL DEPOSITION IN TISSUES, WHICH MAY PROMOTE CHRONIC INFLAMMATION. INTRACELLULARLY, HYPERURICEMIA INHIBITS THE MASTER REGULATOR ADENOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE (AMP)-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN KINASE AND MAY CONDITION INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSES THROUGH DURABLE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS. AT THE POPULATION LEVEL, ASYMPTOMATIC HYPERURICEMIA IS ASSOCIATED WITH MULTIPLE COMORBIDITIES, INCLUDING HYPERTENSION, CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE, CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE, AND DIABETES; LIMITATIONS OF THESE STUDIES INCLUDE THAT MOST ARE RETROSPECTIVE AND SOME DO NOT RIGOROUSLY DISTINGUISH BETWEEN ASYMPTOMATIC HYPERURICEMIA AND GOUT. TREATMENT STUDIES SUGGEST THAT URATE LOWERING MAY REDUCE THE RISK OF INCIDENCE OR PROGRESSION OF SOME OF THESE COMORBIDITIES; UNFORTUNATELY, MANY OF THESE TREATMENT STUDIES ARE SMALL OR FLAWED, AND NOT ALL STUDY RESULTS ARE CONSISTENT. SUMMARY: ACCUMULATING EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT ASYMPTOMATIC HYPERURICEMIA CONTRIBUTES TO THE COMORBIDITIES WITH WHICH IT ASSOCIATES AND THAT PROPER ASYMPTOMATIC HYPERURICEMIA TREATMENT MAY REDUCE FUTURE RISK. ADDITIONAL PROSPECTIVE TRIALS ARE NEEDED TO DEFINITELY ESTABLISH CAUSALITY AND SUPPORT DECISION-MAKING AS TO WHETHER, AND WHICH PATIENTS WITH ASYMPTOMATIC HYPERURICEMIA WOULD WARRANT URATE-LOWERING TREATMENT.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
15   750  20 CARDIAC INVOLVEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCIES. AUTHORS HAVE REVIEWED LITERATURE ABOUT THE MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH CARDIOLOGIC DISEASE OCCURRING SECONDARY TO HEMATOLOGIC PATHOLOGY ITSELF OR ITS THERAPY, WITH A FOCUS ON INFILTRATION OF MYOCARDIUM IN ACUTE AND CHRONIC LEUKEMIA, LYMPHOMA, MULTIPLE MYELOMA, AND HYPEREOSINOPHILIC SYNDROME. MOREOVER, THEY EVALUATED CHEMOTHERAPY-ASSOCIATED TOXICITY, PARTICULARLY FOR NEW DRUGS SUCH AS MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY THERAPY, TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS, ARSENIC TRIOXIDE, BORTEZOMIB, AND EPIGENETIC THERAPY. IN FACT, CARDIAC TOXICITY MAY RANGE FROM ASYMPTOMATIC SUBCLINICAL ABNORMALITIES, SUCH AS ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC CHANGES AND LEFT VENTRICULAR EJECTION DECLINE, TO LIFE-THREATENING EVENTS AND LEAD TO CHEMOTHERAPY DOSE REDUCTION AND DELAY AND, IN SOME CASES, FOR PATIENTS WITH SEVERE SIDE EFFECTS, DISCONTINUATION OF TREATMENT. FINALLY, THEY DISCUSSED ON THE IDENTIFICATION OF EARLY MARKERS OF CARDIAC INJURY AND ON CARDIAC STEM CELL THERAPY AS A PROMISING APPROACH TO FACILITATE MYOCARDIAL REGENERATION.	2010	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
16   465  31 ARE TARGETED THERAPIES FOR DIABETIC CARDIOMYOPATHY ON THE HORIZON? DIABETES INCREASES THE RISK OF HEART FAILURE APPROXIMATELY 2.5-FOLD, INDEPENDENT OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE AND OTHER COMORBIDITIES. THIS PROCESS, TERMED DIABETIC CARDIOMYOPATHY, IS CHARACTERIZED BY INITIAL IMPAIRMENT OF LEFT VENTRICULAR (LV) RELAXATION FOLLOWED BY LV CONTRACTILE DYSFUNCTION. POST-MORTEM EXAMINATION REVEALS THAT HUMAN DIASTOLIC DYSFUNCTION IS CLOSELY ASSOCIATED WITH LV DAMAGE, INCLUDING CARDIOMYOCYTE HYPERTROPHY, APOPTOSIS AND FIBROSIS, WITH IMPAIRED CORONARY MICROVASCULAR PERFUSION. THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS UNDERPINNING THE CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF DIABETIC CARDIOMYOPATHY REMAIN POORLY UNDERSTOOD, ALTHOUGH MULTIPLE FACTORS INCLUDING ALTERED LIPID METABOLISM, MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION, OXIDATIVE STRESS, ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) STRESS, INFLAMMATION, AS WELL AS EPIGENETIC CHANGES, ARE IMPLICATED. DESPITE A RECENT RISE IN RESEARCH INTERROGATING THESE MECHANISMS AND AN INCREASED UNDERSTANDING OF THE CLINICAL IMPORTANCE OF DIABETIC CARDIOMYOPATHY, THERE REMAINS A LACK OF SPECIFIC TREATMENT STRATEGIES. HOW THE CHRONIC METABOLIC DISTURBANCES OBSERVED IN DIABETES LEAD TO STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHANGES REMAINS A PERTINENT QUESTION, AND IT IS HOPED THAT RECENT ADVANCES, PARTICULARLY IN THE AREA OF EPIGENETICS, AMONG OTHERS, MAY PROVIDE SOME ANSWERS. THIS REVIEW HENCE EXPLORES THE TEMPORAL ONSET OF THE PATHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF DIABETIC CARDIOMYOPATHY, AND THEIR RELATIVE CONTRIBUTION TO THE RESULTANT DISEASE PHENOTYPE, AS WELL AS BOTH CURRENT AND POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC OPTIONS. THE EMERGENCE OF GLUCOSE-OPTIMIZING AGENTS, NAMELY GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 (GLP-1) AGONISTS AND SODIUM/GLUCOSE CO-TRANSPORTER (SGLT)2 INHIBITORS THAT CONFER BENEFITS ON CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOMES, TOGETHER WITH NOVEL EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHES, HIGHLIGHT A NEW AND EXCITING ERA IN DIABETES RESEARCH, WHICH IS LIKELY TO RESULT IN MAJOR CLINICAL IMPACT.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
17  1785  23 EFFECT OF APABETALONE ON CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS IN DIABETES, CKD, AND RECENT ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME: RESULTS FROM THE BETONMACE RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: CKD AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS INTERACT TO INCREASE THE RISK OF MAJOR ADVERSE CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS (I.E., CARDIOVASCULAR DEATH, NONFATAL MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, OR STROKE) AND CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE. A MALADAPTIVE EPIGENETIC RESPONSE MAY BE A CARDIOVASCULAR RISK DRIVER AND AMENABLE TO MODIFICATION WITH APABETALONE, A SELECTIVE MODULATOR OF THE BROMODOMAIN AND EXTRATERMINAL DOMAIN TRANSCRIPTION SYSTEM. WE EXAMINED THIS QUESTION IN A PRESPECIFIED ANALYSIS OF BETONMACE, A PHASE 3 TRIAL. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: BETONMACE WAS AN EVENT-DRIVEN, RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL COMPARING EFFECTS OF APABETALONE VERSUS PLACEBO ON MAJOR ADVERSE CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS AND HEART FAILURE HOSPITALIZATIONS IN 2425 PARTICIPANTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES AND A RECENT ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME, INCLUDING 288 PARTICIPANTS WITH CKD WITH EGFR <60 ML/MIN PER 1.73 M(2) AT BASELINE. THE PRIMARY END POINT IN BETONMACE WAS THE TIME TO THE FIRST MAJOR ADVERSE CARDIOVASCULAR EVENT, WITH A SECONDARY END POINT OF TIME TO HOSPITALIZATION FOR HEART FAILURE. RESULTS: MEDIAN FOLLOW-UP WAS 27 MONTHS (INTERQUARTILE RANGE, 20-32 MONTHS). IN PARTICIPANTS WITH CKD, APABETALONE COMPARED WITH PLACEBO WAS ASSOCIATED WITH FEWER MAJOR ADVERSE CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS (13 EVENTS IN 124 PATIENTS [11%] VERSUS 35 EVENTS IN 164 PATIENTS [21%]; HAZARD RATIO, 0.50; 95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL, 0.26 TO 0.96) AND FEWER HEART FAILURE-RELATED HOSPITALIZATIONS (THREE HOSPITALIZATIONS IN 124 PATIENTS [3%] VERSUS 14 HOSPITALIZATIONS IN 164 PATIENTS [9%]; HAZARD RATIO, 0.48; 95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL, 0.26 TO 0.86). IN THE NON-CKD GROUP, THE CORRESPONDING HAZARD RATIO VALUES WERE 0.96 (95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL, 0.74 TO 1.24) FOR MAJOR ADVERSE CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS, AND 0.76 (95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL, 0.46 TO 1.27) FOR HEART FAILURE-RELATED HOSPITALIZATION. INTERACTION OF CKD ON TREATMENT EFFECT WAS P=0.03 FOR MAJOR ADVERSE CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS, AND P=0.12 FOR HEART FAILURE-RELATED HOSPITALIZATION. PARTICIPANTS WITH CKD SHOWED SIMILAR NUMBERS OF ADVERSE EVENTS, REGARDLESS OF RANDOMIZATION TO APABETALONE OR PLACEBO (119 [73%] VERSUS 88 [71%] PATIENTS), AND THERE WERE FEWER SERIOUS ADVERSE EVENTS (29% VERSUS 43%; P=0.02) IN THE APABETALONE GROUP. CONCLUSIONS: APABETALONE MAY REDUCE THE INCIDENCE OF MAJOR ADVERSE CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS IN PATIENTS WITH CKD AND TYPE 2 DIABETES WHO HAVE A HIGH BURDEN OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
18  6540  38 TRANSCRIPTIONAL, EPIGENETIC, AND FUNCTIONAL REPROGRAMMING OF MONOCYTES FROM NON-HUMAN PRIMATES FOLLOWING CHRONIC ALCOHOL DRINKING. CHRONIC HEAVY DRINKING (CHD) OF ALCOHOL IS A KNOWN RISK FACTOR FOR INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO BACTERIAL AND VIRAL INFECTION AS WELL AS IMPAIRED WOUND HEALING. EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT THESE DEFECTS ARE MEDIATED BY A DYSREGULATED INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE ORIGINATING FROM MYELOID CELLS, NOTABLY MONOCYTES AND MACROPHAGES, BUT THE MECHANISMS REMAIN POORLY UNDERSTOOD. OUR ABILITY TO STUDY CHD IS IMPACTED BY THE COMPLEXITIES OF HUMAN DRINKING PATTERNS AND BEHAVIOR AS WELL AS COMORBIDITIES AND CONFOUNDING RISK FACTORS FOR PATIENTS WITH ALCOHOL USE DISORDERS. TO OVERCOME THESE CHALLENGES, WE UTILIZED A TRANSLATIONAL RHESUS MACAQUE MODEL OF VOLUNTARY ETHANOL SELF-ADMINISTRATION THAT CLOSELY RECAPITULATES HUMAN DRINKING PATTERNS AND CHRONICITY. IN THIS STUDY, WE EXAMINED THE EFFECTS OF CHD ON BLOOD MONOCYTES IN CONTROL AND CHD FEMALE MACAQUES AFTER 12 MONTHS OF DAILY ETHANOL CONSUMPTION. WHILE MONOCYTES FROM CHD FEMALE MACAQUES GENERATED A HYPER-INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE TO EX VIVO LPS STIMULATION, THEIR RESPONSE TO E. COLI WAS DAMPENED. IN DEPTH SCRNA-SEQ ANALYSIS OF PURIFIED MONOCYTES REVEALED SIGNIFICANT SHIFTS IN CLASSICAL MONOCYTE SUBSETS WITH ACCUMULATION OF CELLS EXPRESSING MARKERS OF HYPOXIA (HIF1A) AND INFLAMMATION (NFKB SIGNALING PATHWAY) IN CHD MACAQUES. THE INCREASED PRESENCE OF MONOCYTE SUBSETS SKEWED TOWARDS INFLAMMATORY PHENOTYPES WAS COMPLEMENTED BY EPIGENETIC ANALYSIS, WHICH REVEALED HIGHER ACCESSIBILITY OF PROMOTER REGIONS THAT REGULATE GENES INVOLVED IN CYTOKINE SIGNALING PATHWAYS. COLLECTIVELY, DATA PRESENTED IN THIS MANUSCRIPT DEMONSTRATE THAT CHD SHIFTS CLASSICAL MONOCYTE SUBSET COMPOSITION AND PRIMES THE MONOCYTES TOWARDS A MORE HYPER-INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE TO LPS, BUT COMPROMISED PATHOGEN RESPONSE.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
19   755  31 CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN FATTY LIVER DISEASE: THE LIVER-HEART AXIS-LITERATURE REVIEW. ACCORDING TO THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CVD) REMAINS THE LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH WORLDWIDE, ACCOUNTING FOR APPROXIMATELY 18 MILLION DEATHS PER YEAR. NEVERTHELESS, THE WORLDWIDE PREVALENCE OF METABOLIC DISEASES, SUCH AS TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, OBESITY, AND NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD), ALSO KNOWN TO BE COMMON RISK FACTORS FOR CVD, HAVE DRAMATICALLY INCREASED OVER THE LAST DECADES. CHRONIC ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION IS A MAJOR CAUSE OF CHRONIC LIVER DISEASES (CLD) AS WELL AS BEING A MAJOR HEALTH CARE COST EXPENDITURE ACCOUNTING FOR THE SPENDING OF TREMENDOUS AMOUNTS OF MONEY ANNUALLY. NAFLD HAS BECOME ONE OF THE MAJOR DISEASES PLAGUING THE WORLD WHILE STANDING AS THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF LIVER DISEASE IN THE WESTERN COUNTRIES BY REPRESENTING ABOUT 75% OF ALL CLD. CURRENTLY, THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF DEATH IN NAFLD REMAINS TO BE CVD. SEVERAL MECHANISMS HAVE BEEN SUGGESTED TO BE RESPONSIBLE FOR ASSOCIATING FLD WITH CVD THROUGH SEVERAL MECHANISMS INCLUDING LOW-GRADE SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION, OXIDATIVE STRESS, ADIPOKINES, ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM STRESS, LIPOTOXICITY AND MICROBIOTA DYSBIOSIS WHICH MAY ALSO BE INFLUENCED BY OTHER FACTORS SUCH AS GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC VARIATIONS. DESPITE OF ALL THIS EVIDENCE, THE EXACT MECHANISMS OF HOW FLD CAN CAUSALLY CONTRIBUTE TO CVD ARE NOT FULLY ELUCIDATED AND MUCH REMAINS UNKNOWN. MOREOVER, THE CURRENT LITERATURE SUPPORTS THE INCREASING EVIDENCE ASSOCIATING FLD WITH SEVERAL CARDIOVASCULAR (CV) ADVERSE EVENTS INCLUDING CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE, INCREASED SUBCLINICAL ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK, STRUCTURAL ALTERATIONS MAINLY LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY, INCREASED EPICARDIAL FAT THICKNESS, VALVULAR CALCIFICATIONS INCLUDING AORTIC VALVE SCLEROSIS AND MITRAL ANNULAR CALCIFICATION AND FUNCTIONAL CARDIAC MODIFICATIONS MAINLY DIASTOLIC DYSFUNCTION IN ADDITION TO CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS SUCH AS ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AND VENTRICULAR ARRYTHMIAS AND CONDUCTION DEFECTS INCLUDING ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCKS AND BUNDLE BRANCH BLOCKS. PATIENTS WITH FLD SHOULD BE EVALUATED AND MANAGED ACCORDINGLY IN ORDER TO PREVENT FURTHER COMPLICATIONS. POSSIBLE MANAGEMENT METHODS INCLUDE NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL STRATEGIES INCLUDING LIFE STYLE MODIFICATIONS, PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPIES AS WELL AS SURGICAL MANAGEMENT. THIS REVIEW AIMS TO SUMMARIZE THE CURRENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE REGARDING THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS LINKING FLD WITH AN INCREASED CV RISK, IN ADDITION TO ASSOCIATED CV ADVERSE EVENTS AND CURRENT MANAGEMENT MODALITIES.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
20  2486  29 EPIGENETIC-SENSITIVE CHALLENGES OF CARDIOHEPATIC INTERACTIONS: CLINICAL AND THERAPEUTIC IMPLICATIONS IN HEART FAILURE PATIENTS. HEART FAILURE AND LIVER DYSFUNCTION CAN COEXIST OWING TO COMPLEX CARDIOHEPATIC INTERACTIONS INCLUDING THE DEVELOPMENT OF HYPOXIC HEPATITIS AND CONGESTIVE HEPATOPATHY IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE AS WELL AS 'CIRRHOTIC CARDIOMYOPATHY' IN ADVANCED LIVER DISEASE AND FOLLOWING LIVER TRANSPLANTATION. THE INVOLVEMENT OF LIVER DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE REFLECTS CRUCIAL SYSTEMIC HEMODYNAMIC MODIFICATIONS OCCURRING DURING THE EVOLUTION OF THIS SYNDROME. THE ARTERIAL HYPOPERFUSION AND DOWNSTREAM HYPOXIA CAN LEAD TO HYPOXIC HEPATITIS IN ACUTE HEART FAILURE PATIENTS WHEREAS PASSIVE CONGESTION IS CORRELATED WITH CONGESTIVE HEPATOPATHY OCCURRING IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE. NOWADAYS, LIQUID BIOPSY STRATEGIES MEASURING LIVER FUNCTION ARE WELL ESTABLISHED IN EVALUATING THE PROGNOSIS OF PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE. LARGE RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIALS CONFIRMED THAT GAMMA-GLUTAMYLTRANSFERASE, BILIRUBIN, LACTATE DEIHYDROGENASE, AND TRANSAMINASES ARE USEFUL PROGNOSTIC BIOMARKERS IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE AFTER TRANSPLANTATION. DEEPER KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE PATHOGENIC MECHANISMS UNDERLYING CARDIOHEPATIC INTERACTIONS WOULD BE USEFUL TO IMPROVE DIAGNOSIS, PROGNOSIS, AND TREATMENTS OF THESE COMORBID PATIENTS. EPIGENETIC-SENSITIVE MODIFICATIONS ARE HERITABLE CHANGES TO GENE EXPRESSION WITHOUT INVOLVING DNA SEQUENCE, COMPRISING DNA METHYLATION, HISTONE MODIFICATIONS, AND NONCODING RNAS WHICH SEEM TO BE RELEVANT IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF HEART FAILURE AND LIVER DISEASES WHEN CONSIDERED IN A SEPARATE WAY. THE GOAL OF OUR REVIEW IS TO HIGHLIGHT THE PERTINENCE OF DETECTING EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS DURING THE COMPLEX CARDIOHEPATIC INTERACTIONS IN CLINICAL SETTING. MOREOVER, WE PROPOSE A CLINICAL RESEARCH PROGRAM WHICH MAY BE USEFUL TO IDENTIFY EPIGENETIC-SENSITIVE BIOMARKERS OF CARDIOHEPATIC INTERACTIONS AND ADVANCE PERSONALIZED THERAPY IN THESE COMORBID PATIENTS.	2021