1  6112 160 THE EPIGENETIC CLOCK AS A PREDICTOR OF DISEASE AND MORTALITY RISK: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. BACKGROUND: AGEING IS ONE OF THE PRINCIPAL RISK FACTORS FOR MANY CHRONIC DISEASES. HOWEVER, THERE IS CONSIDERABLE BETWEEN-PERSON VARIATION IN THE RATE OF AGEING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN THEIR SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISEASE AND DEATH. EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS MAY PLAY A ROLE IN HUMAN AGEING, AND DNA METHYLATION AGE BIOMARKERS MAY BE GOOD PREDICTORS OF AGE-RELATED DISEASES AND MORTALITY RISK. THE AIMS OF THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WERE TO IDENTIFY AND SYNTHESISE THE EVIDENCE FOR AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PERIPHERALLY MEASURED DNA METHYLATION AGE AND LONGEVITY, AGE-RELATED DISEASE, AND MORTALITY RISK. METHODS: A SYSTEMATIC SEARCH WAS CONDUCTED IN LINE WITH THE PREFERRED REPORTING ITEMS FOR SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS AND META-ANALYSES (PRISMA) GUIDELINES. USING RELEVANT SEARCH TERMS, MEDLINE, EMBASE, COCHRANE CENTRAL REGISTER OF CONTROLLED TRIALS, AND PSYCHINFO DATABASES WERE SEARCHED TO IDENTIFY ARTICLES MEETING THE INCLUSION CRITERIA. STUDIES WERE ASSESSED FOR BIAS USING JOANNA BRIGGS INSTITUTE CRITICAL APPRAISAL CHECKLISTS. DATA WAS EXTRACTED FROM STUDIES MEASURING AGE ACCELERATION AS A PREDICTOR OF AGE-RELATED DISEASES, MORTALITY OR LONGEVITY, AND THE FINDINGS FOR SIMILAR OUTCOMES COMPARED. USING REVIEW MANAGER 5.3 SOFTWARE, TWO META-ANALYSES (ONE PER EPIGENETIC CLOCK) WERE CONDUCTED ON STUDIES MEASURING ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY. RESULTS: TWENTY-THREE RELEVANT ARTICLES WERE IDENTIFIED, INCLUDING A TOTAL OF 41,607 PARTICIPANTS. FOUR STUDIES FOCUSED ON AGEING AND LONGEVITY, 11 ON AGE-RELATED DISEASE (CANCER, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, AND DEMENTIA), AND 11 ON MORTALITY. THERE WAS SOME, ALTHOUGH INCONSISTENT, EVIDENCE FOR AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INCREASED DNA METHYLATION AGE AND RISK OF DISEASE. META-ANALYSES INDICATED THAT EACH 5-YEAR INCREASE IN DNA METHYLATION AGE WAS ASSOCIATED AN 8 TO 15% INCREASED RISK OF MORTALITY. CONCLUSION: DUE TO THE SMALL NUMBER OF STUDIES AND HETEROGENEITY IN STUDY DESIGN AND OUTCOMES, THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN DNA METHYLATION AGE AND AGE-RELATED DISEASE AND LONGEVITY IS INCONCLUSIVE. INCREASED EPIGENETIC AGE WAS ASSOCIATED WITH MORTALITY RISK, BUT POSITIVE PUBLICATION BIAS NEEDS TO BE CONSIDERED. FURTHER RESEARCH IS NEEDED TO DETERMINE THE EXTENT TO WHICH DNA METHYLATION AGE CAN BE USED AS A CLINICAL BIOMARKER.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
2  4607  43 NEIGHBORHOOD ENVIRONMENT AND DNA METHYLATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK. EXPOSURE TO CHRONIC STRESS SUCH AS LIVING IN DISADVANTAGED NEIGHBORHOODS HAS BEEN RELATED TO CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CVD). CHRONIC STRESS MAY INCREASE THE RISK FOR CVD BY INCREASING LEVELS OF SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION (E.G., HIGHER LEVELS OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES). DIFFERENTIAL DNA METHYLATION OF INFLAMMATION-RELATED CANDIDATE GENES IS ALSO RELATED TO HIGHER RISK FOR CVD. THUS, THE PURPOSE OF THIS REVIEW WAS TO EXAMINE THE ASSOCIATION OF NEIGHBORHOOD DISADVANTAGE WITH DNA METHYLATION. A SEARCH OF LITERATURE WAS CONDUCTED USING SCOPUS, CINAHL, PUBMED, MEDLINE, AND EMBASE DATABASES. THE KEYWORDS NEIGHBORHOOD, NEIGHBORHOOD DISORDER, NEIGHBORHOOD CRIME, NEIGHBORHOOD VIOLENCE, NEIGHBORHOOD SAFETY, BUILT ENVIRONMENT, AND HOUSING VACANCY WERE COMBINED WITH THE KEYWORDS DNA METHYLATION AND EPIGENETICS. FIVE STUDIES WERE INCLUDED IN THIS REVIEW (N = 3 ADULT BLOOD SAMPLES AND N = 2 FETAL BLOOD SAMPLES). FOUR OF THE FIVE STUDIES REPORTED AN ASSOCIATION OF NEIGHBORHOOD SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT, AND CRIME WITH EITHER GLOBAL OR GENE-SPECIFIC DNA METHYLATION. ONLY TWO STUDIES EXAMINED THE ASSOCIATION OF NEIGHBORHOOD DISADVANTAGE WITH INFLAMMATION-RELATED CANDIDATE GENES. ONE OF THESE STUDIES FOUND A SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATION OF NEIGHBORHOOD SOCIOECONOMIC DISADVANTAGE AND SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT WITH DNA METHYLATION IN INFLAMMATION-RELATED CANDIDATE GENES. THUS, DATA ARE LIMITED ON THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN NEIGHBORHOOD DISADVANTAGE AND DNA METHYLATION OF INFLAMMATION-RELATED CANDIDATE GENES, AS WELL AS GENES IN OTHER POTENTIAL MECHANISTIC PATHWAYS INCLUDING PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS, TOXIN RESPONSE, AND ADIPOSITY. FUTURE STUDIES SHOULD EXAMINE THESE ASSOCIATIONS AND THE POTENTIAL EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS BY WHICH NEIGHBORHOOD DISADVANTAGE INCREASES THE RISK FOR CVD.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
3   497  37 ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BMI AND DNA METHYLATION IN BLOOD OR NORMAL ADULT BREAST TISSUE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. BACKGROUND/AIM: SEVERAL STUDIES HAVE INVESTIGATED THE INFLUENCE OF OBESITY ON DNA METHYLATION (DNAM) TO FIND BIOMARKERS ASSOCIATED WITH THE DETECTION OF CHRONIC DISEASES, INCLUDING BREAST CANCER. THE AIM OF THE STUDY WAS TO SYSTEMATICALLY REVIEW STUDIES EXAMINING THE ASSOCIATION OF BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) AND DNAM IN BLOOD OR NORMAL BREAST TISSUE. MATERIALS AND METHODS: THREE SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE DATABASES (PUBMED, EMBASE AND WEB OF SCIENCE) WERE SCREENED UNTIL MAY 2018. RESULTS: TWENTY-FOUR STUDIES WERE INCLUDED ALONG WITH OURS IN WHICH WE INVESTIGATED THIS RELATION IN THE NORMAL BREAST TISSUE OF 40 BREAST CANCER PATIENTS. CONCLUSION: BMI-ASSOCIATED CPG SITES WERE HIGHLY VARIABLE WITH FEW IDENTIFIED IN LESS THAN HALF OF THE STUDIES. NEVERTHELESS, A FEW GENES POTENTIALLY ASSOCIATED WITH BMI WERE HIGHLIGHTED IN BLOOD (CPT1A, ABCG1, SREBF1 AND LGALS3BP) AND IN NORMAL BREAST TISSUE (PTPRN2 AND ABLIM2). THE VARIABILITY OF THE RESULTS COULD BE EXPLAINED BY THE TISSUE AND CELL-SPECIFICITY OF METHYLATION AND DIFFERENCES IN METHODOLOGY.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
4  2148  37 EPIGENETIC MARKERS OF RENAL FUNCTION IN AFRICAN AMERICANS. CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD) IS AN INCREASING CONCERN IN THE UNITED STATES DUE TO ITS RAPIDLY RISING PREVALENCE, PARTICULARLY AMONG AFRICAN AMERICANS. EPIGENETIC DNA METHYLATION MARKERS ARE BECOMING IMPORTANT BIOMARKERS OF CHRONIC DISEASES SUCH AS CKD. TO BETTER UNDERSTAND HOW THESE METHYLATION MARKERS PLAY A ROLE IN KIDNEY FUNCTION, WE MEASURED 26,428 DNA METHYLATION SITES IN 972 AFRICAN AMERICANS FROM THE GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY NETWORK OF ARTERIOPATHY (GENOA) STUDY. WE THEN EVALUATED (1) WHETHER EPIGENETIC MARKERS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH ESTIMATED GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE (EGFR), (2) WHETHER THE SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED MARKERS ARE ALSO ASSOCIATED WITH TRADITIONAL RISK FACTORS AND/OR NOVEL BIOMARKERS FOR EGFR, AND (3) HOW MUCH ADDITIONAL VARIATION IN EGFR IS EXPLAINED BY EPIGENETIC MARKERS BEYOND ESTABLISHED RISK FACTORS AND BIOMARKERS. THE MAJORITY OF METHYLATION MARKERS MOST SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH EGFR (24 OUT OF THE TOP 30) APPEARED TO FUNCTION, AT LEAST IN PART, THROUGH PATHWAYS RELATED TO AGING, INFLAMMATION, OR CHOLESTEROL. HOWEVER, SIX EPIGENETIC MARKERS WERE STILL ABLE TO SIGNIFICANTLY PREDICT EGFR AFTER ADJUSTMENT FOR OTHER RISK FACTORS. THIS WORK SHOWS THAT EPIGENETIC MARKERS MAY OFFER VALUABLE NEW INSIGHT INTO THE COMPLEX PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CKD IN AFRICAN AMERICANS.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
5  1516  46 DNA METHYLATION AS A BIOMARKER OF AGING IN EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES. CANCER IS LARGELY AN AGING DISEASE. ACCELERATED BIOLOGICAL AGING MAY BE THE STRONGEST PREDICTOR OF CANCER AND OTHER CHRONIC DISEASE RISKS. IN THE ABSENCE OF RELIABLE AND QUANTIFIABLE BIOMARKERS OF AGING TO DATE, IT HAS LONG BEEN OBSERVED THAT TUMORIGENESIS SHARES DISTINCT EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS WITH THE AGING PROCESS. RECENTLY, EPIGENETIC AGE ESTIMATES HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED BASED ON THE AVAILABILITY OF GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION PROFILES, BY APPLYING IN THE PREDICTION FORMULA THE METHYLATION LEVEL AT A SUBSET OF HIGHLY PREDICTIVE METHYLATION SITES, CALLED EPIGENETIC CLOCK. THESE DNA METHYLATION AGE ESTIMATES HAVE PRODUCED REMARKABLY STRONG CORRELATIONS WITH CHRONOLOGICAL AGE, WITH A SMALL DEVIATION AND HIGH REPRODUCIBILITY ACROSS DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS AND STUDY POPULATIONS. MOREOVER, AN INCREASING NUMBER OF EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES HAVE DEMONSTRATED AN INDEPENDENT ASSOCIATION OF DNA METHYLATION AGE OR THE EXTENT OF ACCELERATION WITH MORTALITY AND VARIOUS AGING-RELATED CONDITIONS, EVEN AFTER ACCOUNTING FOR DIFFERENCES IN CHRONOLOGICAL AGE AND OTHER RISK FACTORS. ALTHOUGH EPIGENETIC PROFILES ARE KNOWN TO BE TISSUE-SPECIFIC, BOTH TARGET TISSUE- AND MULTIPLE TISSUE-DERIVED ESTIMATES APPEAR TO PERFORM WELL TO CAPTURE WHAT IS THOUGHT TO BE THE CUMULATIVE EPIGENETIC DRIFT THAT REPRESENTS A MULTIFACTORIAL DEGENERATIVE PROCESS ACROSS TISSUES AND ORGANISMS. FURTHER REFINEMENT OF THE EPIGENETIC AGE ESTIMATES IS ANTICIPATED OVER TIME TO ACCOMMODATE A BETTER TECHNOLOGICAL COVERAGE OF THE METHYLOME AND A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE BIOLOGY UNDERLYING PREDICTIVE REGIONS. EPIDEMIOLOGIC PRINCIPLES WILL REMAIN CRITICAL FOR THE EVALUATION OF RESEARCH FINDINGS INVOLVING, FOR EXAMPLE, DIFFERENT STUDY POPULATIONS, DESIGN, FOLLOW-UP TIME, AND QUALITY OF COVARIATE DATA. OVERALL, THE EPIGENETIC AGE ESTIMATES ARE AN EXCITING DEVELOPMENT WITH USEFUL IMPLICATIONS FOR BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH OF HEALTHY AGING AND DISEASE PREVENTION AND CONTROL.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
6  2643  39 EPIGENOMIC ASSOCIATION ANALYSIS IDENTIFIES SMOKING-RELATED DNA METHYLATION SITES IN AFRICAN AMERICANS. CIGARETTE SMOKING IS AN ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTOR FOR MANY CHRONIC DISEASES, AND DISEASE RISK CAN OFTEN BE MANAGED BY SMOKING CONTROL. SMOKING CAN INDUCE CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR CHANGES, INCLUDING EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION, BUT THE SHORT- AND LONG-TERM EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS CAUSED BY CIGARETTE SMOKING AT THE GENE LEVEL HAVE NOT BEEN WELL UNDERSTOOD. RECENT STUDIES HAVE IDENTIFIED SMOKING-RELATED DNA METHYLATION (DNAM) SITES IN CAUCASIANS. TO DETERMINE WHETHER THE SAME DNAM SITES ASSOCIATE WITH SMOKING IN AFRICAN AMERICANS, AND TO IDENTIFY NOVEL SMOKING-RELATED DNAM SITES, WE CONDUCTED A METHYLOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY OF CIGARETTE SMOKING USING A DISCOVERY SAMPLE OF 972 AFRICAN AMERICANS, AND A REPLICATION SAMPLE OF 239 AFRICAN AMERICANS WITH TWO ARRAY-BASED METHODS. AMONG 15 DNAM SITES SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH SMOKING AFTER CORRECTION FOR MULTIPLE TESTING IN OUR DISCOVERY SAMPLE, 5 DNAM SITES ARE REPLICATED IN AN INDEPENDENT COHORT, AND 14 SITES IN THE REPLICATION SAMPLE HAVE EFFECTS IN THE SAME DIRECTION AS IN THE DISCOVERY SAMPLE. THE TOP TWO SMOKING-RELATED DNAM SITES IN F2RL3 (FACTOR II RECEPTOR-LIKE 3) AND GPR15 (G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR 15) OBSERVED IN AFRICAN AMERICANS ARE CONSISTENT WITH PREVIOUS FINDINGS IN CAUCASIANS. THE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN THE REPLICATED DNAM SITES AND SMOKING REMAIN SIGNIFICANT AFTER ADJUSTING FOR GENETIC BACKGROUND. DESPITE THE DISTINCT GENETIC BACKGROUND BETWEEN AFRICAN AMERICANS AND CAUCASIANS, THE DNAM FROM THE TWO ETHNIC GROUPS SHARES COMMON ASSOCIATIONS WITH CIGARETTE SMOKING, WHICH SUGGESTS A COMMON MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION INFLUENCED BY ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
7  2622  53 EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES IN ASTHMA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. OBJECTIVE: ASTHMA IS A COMMON CHRONIC RESPIRATORY AIRWAY DISEASE INFLUENCED BY ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND POSSIBLY THEIR INTERACTION WITH THE HUMAN GENOME CAUSING EPIGENETIC CHANGES. EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES (EWAS) HAVE MAINLY INVESTIGATED DNA METHYLATION AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH DISEASE OR TRAITS, EXPOSURE FACTORS OR GENE EXPRESSION. THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AIMED TO IDENTIFY ALL EWAS ASSESSING DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED SITES ASSOCIATED WITH ASTHMA IN HUMANS. DESIGN: STRUCTURED SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE SEARCH FOLLOWING PRISMA GUIDELINES, NEWCASTLE-OTTAWA SCALE (NOS) FOR COHORT STUDIES WAS USED FOR BIAS ASSESSMENT. DATA SOURCES: WE SEARCHED PUBMED AND EMBASE DATABASES FROM 2005 TO 2019. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES TESTING ASSOCIATION BETWEEN DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION AND ASTHMA IN HUMANS. RESULTS: OVERALL, WE IDENTIFIED 16 EWAS STUDIES COMPLYING WITH OUR SEARCH CRITERIA. TWELVE STUDIES WERE CONDUCTED ON CHILDREN, AND 10 WERE CONDUCTED ON SAMPLE SIZES <150 SUBJECTS. FOUR HUNDRED AND NINETEEN CPGS WERE REPORTED IN CHILDREN STUDIES AFTER CORRECTION FOR MULTIPLE TESTING. IN THE ADULT STUDIES, THOUSANDS OF DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED SITES WERE IDENTIFIED. DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION IN INFLAMMATORY-RELATED GENES CORRELATED WITH HIGHER LEVELS OF GENE EXPRESSIONS OF INFLAMMATORY MODULATORS IN ASTHMA. DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED GENES ASSOCIATED WITH ASTHMA INCLUDED SMAD3, SERPINC1, PROK1, IL13, RUNX3 AND TIGIT. FORTY-ONE CPGS WERE REPLICATED AT LEAST ONCE IN BLOOD SAMPLES, AND 28 CPGS WERE REPLICATED IN NASAL SAMPLES. CONCLUSION: ALTHOUGH MANY DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPGS IN GENES KNOWN TO BE INVOLVED IN ASTHMA HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED IN EWAS TO DATE, WE CONCLUDE THAT FURTHER STUDIES OF LARGER SAMPLE SIZES AND ANALYSES OF DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION BETWEEN DIFFERENT PHENOTYPES ARE NEEDED IN ORDER TO COMPREHENSIVELY EVALUATE THE ROLE OF EPIGENETIC FACTORS IN THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND HETEROGENEITY OF ASTHMA, AND THE POTENTIAL CLINICAL UTILITY TO PREDICT OR CLASSIFY PATIENTS WITH ASTHMA.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
8  1045  46 CLINICAL CORRELATION AMONG MALE INFERTILITY AND OVERALL MALE HEALTH: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE. PURPOSE: ONGOING EVIDENCE HAS SUGGESTED THE ROLE OF MALE FACTOR INFERTILITY AS A POTENTIAL PREDICTOR OF MORTALITY AND GENERAL HEALTH STATUS. THE AIM OF THE PRESENT REVIEW IS TO UPDATE THE CURRENT KNOWLEDGE BASE REGARDING THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MALE FACTOR INFERTILITY AND GENERAL HEALTH THROUGH A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE WAS CARRIED OUT FROM INCEPTION TO NOVEMBER 2019 IN ORDER TO EVALUATE SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN MALE INFERTILITY AND ADVERSE HEALTH OUTCOMES SUCH AS CARDIOVASCULAR, ONCOLOGIC, METABOLIC AND AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES AS WELL AS OVERALL MORTALITY. RESULTS: IN ALL, 27 STUDIES MET INCLUSION CRITERIA AND WERE CRITICALLY EXAMINED. FIVE STUDIES EXAMINED MALE INFERTILITY AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK, 11 EXAMINED ONCOLOGIC RISK (E.G., OVERALL CANCER RISK, TESTIS AND PROSTATE CANCER), 8 EXAMINED AGGREGATE CHRONIC MEDICAL DISEASES AND 5 INFERTILITY RELATED TO INCIDENCE OF MORTALITY, FOR A TOTAL OF 599,807 MEN DIAGNOSED WITH ANY MALE FACTOR INFERTILITY COVERING A PERIOD FROM 1916 TO 2016. CONCLUSIONS: A MAN'S FERTILITY AND OVERALL HEALTH APPEAR TO BE INTERCONNECTED. THEREFORE, A DIAGNOSIS OF MALE INFERTILITY MAY ALLOW A WINDOW INTO FUTURE COMORBIDITY AND/OR MORTALITY WHICH MAY HELP GUIDE CLINICAL DECISIONS AND COUNSELING. SEVERAL POSSIBLE ETIOLOGIES SUCH AS GENETIC, EPIGENETIC, DEVELOPMENTAL, AND LIFESTYLE-BASED FACTORS NEED TO BE FURTHER EVALUATED IN ORDER TO ESTABLISH THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS BETWEEN MALE INFERTILITY AND HEALTH.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
9  5882  52 SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF LUNG FUNCTION AND COPD WITH PERIPHERAL BLOOD DNA METHYLATION IN POPULATION BASED STUDIES. BACKGROUND: EPIGENETIC VARIATIONS IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD HAVE POTENTIAL AS BIOMARKERS FOR DISEASE. THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ASSESSES THE ASSOCIATION OF LUNG FUNCTION AND CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) WITH DNA METHYLATION PROFILES IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD FROM POPULATION-BASED STUDIES. METHODS: ONLINE DATABASES MEDLINE, EMBASE, AND WEB OF SCIENCE WERE SEARCHED. GOOGLE SCHOLAR WAS SEARCHED TO IDENTIFY GREY LITERATURE. AFTER REMOVING DUPLICATE ARTICLES, 1155 ARTICLES WERE INDEPENDENTLY SCREENED BY TWO INVESTIGATORS. PEER REVIEWED REPORTS ON POPULATION-BASED STUDIES THAT EXAMINED PERIPHERAL BLOOD DNA METHYLATION IN PARTICIPANTS WITH MEASURED LUNG FUNCTION (FEV1, FEV1/FVC RATIO) OR KNOWN COPD STATUS WERE SELECTED FOR FULL-TEXT REVIEW. SIX ARTICLES WERE SUITABLE FOR INCLUSION. INFORMATION REGARDING STUDY CHARACTERISTICS, DESIGNS, METHODOLOGIES AND CONCLUSIONS WAS EXTRACTED. A NARRATIVE SYNTHESIS WAS PERFORMED BASED ON PUBLISHED RESULTS. RESULTS: THREE OF THE SIX ARTICLES ASSESSED THE ASSOCIATION OF COPD WITH DNA METHYLATION, AND TWO OF THESE ALSO INCLUDED ASSOCIATIONS WITH LUNG FUNCTION. OVERALL, FIVE REPORTS EXAMINED THE ASSOCIATION OF LUNG FUNCTION WITH DNA METHYLATION PROFILES. FIVE OF THE SIX ARTICLES REPORTED 'SIGNIFICANT' RESULTS. HOWEVER, NO CONSISTENT CPG SITES WERE IDENTIFIED ACROSS STUDIES FOR COPD STATUS OR LUNG FUNCTION VALUES. CONCLUSIONS: DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD FROM INDIVIDUALS WITH REDUCED LUNG FUNCTION OR COPD MAY BE DIFFERENT TO THOSE IN PEOPLE WITH NORMAL LUNG FUNCTION. HOWEVER, THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW DID NOT FIND ANY CONSISTENT ASSOCIATIONS OF LUNG FUNCTION OR COPD WITH DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPG SITES. LARGE STUDIES WITH A LONGITUDINAL DESIGN TO ADDRESS REVERSE CAUSALITY MAY PROVE A MORE FRUITFUL AREA OF RESEARCH. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO 2016: CRD42016037352 .	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
10  2047  36 EPIGENETIC CLOCKS MAY COME OUT OF RHYTHM-IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ESTIMATION OF CHRONOLOGICAL AGE IN FORENSIC CASEWORK. THERE IS A GROWING PERCEPTION THAT DNA METHYLATION MAY BE INFLUENCED BY EXOGENOUS AND ENDOGENOUS PARAMETERS. KNOWLEDGE OF THESE FACTORS IS OF GREAT RELEVANCE FOR THE INTERPRETATION OF DNA-METHYLATION DATA FOR THE ESTIMATION OF CHRONOLOGICAL AGE IN FORENSIC CASEWORK. WE PERFORMED A LITERATURE REVIEW TO IDENTIFY PARAMETERS, WHICH MIGHT BE OF RELEVANCE FOR THE PREDICTION OF CHRONOLOGICAL AGE BASED ON DNA METHYLATION. THE QUALITY OF AGE PREDICTIONS MIGHT PARTICULARLY BE INFLUENCED BY LIFETIME ADVERSITIES (CHRONIC STRESS, TRAUMA/POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD), VIOLENCE, LOW SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS/EDUCATION), CANCER, OBESITY AND RELATED DISEASES, INFECTIOUS DISEASES (ESPECIALLY HIV AND CYTOMEGALOVIRUS (CMV) INFECTIONS), SEX, ETHNICITY AND EXPOSURE TO TOXINS (ALCOHOL, SMOKING, AIR POLLUTION, PESTICIDES). SUCH FACTORS MAY ALTER THE DNA METHYLATION PATTERN AND MAY EXPLAIN THE PARTLY HIGH DEVIATIONS BETWEEN EPIGENETIC AGE AND CHRONOLOGICAL AGE IN SINGLE CASES (DESPITE OF LOW MEAN ABSOLUTE DEVIATIONS) THAT CAN ALSO BE OBSERVED WITH "EPIGENETIC CLOCKS" COMPRISING A HIGH NUMBER OF CPG SITES. SO FAR, ONLY FEW PUBLICATIONS DEALING WITH FORENSIC AGE ESTIMATION ADDRESS THESE CONFOUNDING FACTORS. FUTURE RESEARCH SHOULD FOCUS ON THE IDENTIFICATION OF FURTHER RELEVANT CONFOUNDING FACTORS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODELS THAT ARE "ROBUST" AGAINST THE INFLUENCE OF SUCH BIOLOGICAL FACTORS BY SYSTEMATIC INVESTIGATIONS UNDER TARGETED INCLUSION OF DIVERSE AND DEFINED COHORTS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
11  1203  30 COULD EPIGENETICS HELP EXPLAIN RACIAL DISPARITIES IN CHRONIC PAIN? AFRICAN AMERICANS DISPROPORTIONATELY SUFFER MORE SEVERE AND DEBILITATING MORBIDITY FROM CHRONIC PAIN THAN DO NON-HISPANIC WHITES. THESE DIFFERENCES MAY ARISE FROM DIFFERENTIAL EXPOSURE TO PSYCHOSOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS SUCH AS ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES, RACIAL DISCRIMINATION, LOW SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, AND DEPRESSION, ALL OF WHICH HAVE BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC STRESS AND CHRONIC PAIN. RACE, AS A SOCIAL CONSTRUCT, MAKES IT SUCH THAT AFRICAN AMERICANS ARE MORE LIKELY TO EXPERIENCE DIFFERENT EARLY LIFE CONDITIONS, WHICH MAY INDUCE EPIGENETIC CHANGES THAT SUSTAIN RACIAL DIFFERENCES IN CHRONIC PAIN. EPIGENETICS IS ONE MECHANISM BY WHICH ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS SUCH AS CHILDHOOD STRESS, RACIAL DISCRIMINATION, ECONOMIC HARDSHIP, AND DEPRESSION CAN AFFECT GENE EXPRESSION WITHOUT ALTERING THE UNDERLYING GENETIC SEQUENCE. THIS ARTICLE PROVIDES A NARRATIVE REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ON EPIGENETICS AS A MECHANISM BY WHICH DIFFERENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE COULD EXPLAIN RACIAL DIFFERENCES IN CHRONIC PAIN. MOST STUDIES OF EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN CHRONIC PAIN EXAMINE DNA METHYLATION. DNA METHYLATION IS ALTERED IN THE GLUCOCORTICOID (STRESS RESPONSE) RECEPTOR GENE, NR3C1, WHICH HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH DEPRESSION, CHILDHOOD STRESS, LOW SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, AND CHRONIC PAIN. SIMILARLY, DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS OF IMMUNE CYTOKINE GENES HAVE BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC STRESS STATES. THUS, DNA METHYLATION CHANGES MAY PLAY AN ESSENTIAL ROLE IN THE EPIGENETIC MODULATION OF CHRONIC PAIN IN DIFFERENT RACES WITH A HIGHER INCIDENCE OF EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS CONTRIBUTING TO MORE SEVERE AND DISABLING CHRONIC PAIN IN AFRICAN AMERICANS.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
12   667  63 BLOOD-BASED EPIGENOME-WIDE ANALYSES OF 19 COMMON DISEASE STATES: A LONGITUDINAL, POPULATION-BASED LINKED COHORT STUDY OF 18,413 SCOTTISH INDIVIDUALS. BACKGROUND: DNA METHYLATION IS A DYNAMIC EPIGENETIC MECHANISM THAT OCCURS AT CYTOSINE-PHOSPHATE-GUANINE DINUCLEOTIDE (CPG) SITES. EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES (EWAS) INVESTIGATE THE STRENGTH OF ASSOCIATION BETWEEN METHYLATION AT INDIVIDUAL CPG SITES AND HEALTH OUTCOMES. ALTHOUGH BLOOD METHYLATION MAY ACT AS A PERIPHERAL MARKER OF COMMON DISEASE STATES, PREVIOUS EWAS HAVE TYPICALLY FOCUSED ONLY ON INDIVIDUAL CONDITIONS AND HAVE HAD LIMITED POWER TO DISCOVER DISEASE-ASSOCIATED LOCI. THIS STUDY EXAMINED THE ASSOCIATION OF BLOOD DNA METHYLATION WITH THE PREVALENCE OF 14 DISEASE STATES AND THE INCIDENCE OF 19 DISEASE STATES IN A SINGLE POPULATION OF OVER 18,000 SCOTTISH INDIVIDUALS. METHODS AND FINDINGS: DNA METHYLATION WAS ASSAYED AT 752,722 CPG SITES IN WHOLE-BLOOD SAMPLES FROM 18,413 VOLUNTEERS IN THE FAMILY-STRUCTURED, POPULATION-BASED COHORT STUDY GENERATION SCOTLAND (AGE RANGE 18 TO 99 YEARS). EWAS TESTED FOR CROSS-SECTIONAL ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN BASELINE CPG METHYLATION AND 14 PREVALENT DISEASE STATES, AND FOR LONGITUDINAL ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN BASELINE CPG METHYLATION AND 19 INCIDENT DISEASE STATES. PREVALENT CASES WERE SELF-REPORTED ON HEALTH QUESTIONNAIRES AT THE BASELINE. INCIDENT CASES WERE IDENTIFIED USING LINKAGE TO SCOTTISH PRIMARY (READ 2) AND SECONDARY (ICD-10) CARE RECORDS, AND THE CENSORING DATE WAS SET TO OCTOBER 2020. THE MEAN TIME-TO-DIAGNOSIS RANGED FROM 5.0 YEARS (FOR CHRONIC PAIN) TO 11.7 YEARS (FOR CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19) HOSPITALISATION). THE 19 DISEASE STATES CONSIDERED IN THIS STUDY WERE SELECTED IF THEY WERE PRESENT ON THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION'S 10 LEADING CAUSES OF DEATH AND DISEASE BURDEN OR INCLUDED IN BASELINE SELF-REPORT QUESTIONNAIRES. EWAS MODELS WERE ADJUSTED FOR AGE AT METHYLATION TYPING, SEX, ESTIMATED WHITE BLOOD CELL COMPOSITION, POPULATION STRUCTURE, AND 5 COMMON LIFESTYLE RISK FACTORS. A STRUCTURED LITERATURE REVIEW WAS ALSO CONDUCTED TO IDENTIFY EXISTING EWAS FOR ALL 19 DISEASE STATES TESTED. THE MEDLINE, EMBASE, WEB OF SCIENCE, AND PREPRINT SERVERS WERE SEARCHED TO RETRIEVE RELEVANT ARTICLES INDEXED AS OF MARCH 27, 2023. FIFTY-FOUR OF APPROXIMATELY 2,000 INDEXED ARTICLES MET OUR INCLUSION CRITERIA: ASSAYED BLOOD-BASED DNA METHYLATION, HAD >20 INDIVIDUALS IN EACH COMPARISON GROUP, AND EXAMINED ONE OF THE 19 CONDITIONS CONSIDERED. FIRST, WE ASSESSED WHETHER THE ASSOCIATIONS IDENTIFIED IN OUR STUDY WERE REPORTED IN PREVIOUS STUDIES. WE IDENTIFIED 69 ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN CPGS AND THE PREVALENCE OF 4 CONDITIONS, OF WHICH 58 WERE NEWLY DESCRIBED. THE CONDITIONS WERE BREAST CANCER, CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE, ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE, AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. WE ALSO UNCOVERED 64 CPGS THAT ASSOCIATED WITH THE INCIDENCE OF 2 DISEASE STATES (COPD AND TYPE 2 DIABETES), OF WHICH 56 WERE NOT REPORTED IN THE SURVEYED LITERATURE. SECOND, WE ASSESSED REPLICATION ACROSS EXISTING STUDIES, WHICH WAS DEFINED AS THE REPORTING OF AT LEAST 1 COMMON SITE IN >2 STUDIES THAT EXAMINED THE SAME CONDITION. ONLY 6/19 DISEASE STATES HAD EVIDENCE OF SUCH REPLICATION. THE LIMITATIONS OF THIS STUDY INCLUDE THE NONCONSIDERATION OF MEDICATION DATA AND A POTENTIAL LACK OF GENERALIZABILITY TO INDIVIDUALS THAT ARE NOT OF SCOTTISH AND EUROPEAN ANCESTRY. CONCLUSIONS: WE DISCOVERED OVER 100 ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN BLOOD METHYLATION SITES AND COMMON DISEASE STATES, INDEPENDENTLY OF MAJOR CONFOUNDING RISK FACTORS, AND A NEED FOR GREATER STANDARDISATION AMONG EWAS ON HUMAN DISEASE.	2023	

13  2075  36 EPIGENETIC DIFFERENCES IN INFLAMMATION GENES OF MONOZYGOTIC TWINS ARE RELATED TO PARENT-CHILD EMOTIONAL AVAILABILITY AND HEALTH. THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IS AN IMMUNE DEFENSE ENGAGED IMMEDIATELY AFTER INJURY OR INFECTION. CHRONIC INFLAMMATION CAN BE DELETERIOUS FOR VARIOUS HEALTH OUTCOMES AND IS CHARACTERIZED BY HIGH LEVELS OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY MARKERS SUCH AS C-REACTIVE PROTEIN (CRP), INTERLEUKIN 6 (IL-6), AND TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA (TNF-ALPHA). A LARGE BODY OF RESEARCH DEMONSTRATES THESE INFLAMMATORY MARKERS ARE RESPONSIVE TO STRESS AND QUALITY OF SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS THROUGHOUT THE LIFESPAN. FOR EXAMPLE, THE QUALITY OF THE EARLY PARENTAL BOND PREDICTS VARIOUS HEALTH OUTCOMES AND MAY BE DRIVEN BY CHANGES IN IMMUNE FUNCTION. EPIGENETIC PROCESSES, SUCH AS DNA METHYLATION, MAY BE ONE MECHANISM BY WHICH EARLY SOCIAL EXPERIENCES SHAPE IMMUNE FUNCTIONING. THE PRESENT STUDY USED A MONOZYGOTIC TWIN DIFFERENCE DESIGN TO ASSESS IF MOTHER-REPORTED EMOTIONAL AVAILABILITY AT 1 YEAR AND 2.5 YEARS PREDICTED IMMUNE GENE METHYLATION AT 8 YEARS OF AGE. FURTHER, WE ASSESSED IF INFLAMMATION GENE METHYLATION WAS RELATED TO GENERAL HEALTH PROBLEMS (E.G. INFECTIONS, ALLERGIES, ETC.). WE FOUND THAT MOTHER-REPORTED EMOTIONAL AVAILABILITY AT 1 YEAR, BUT NOT 2.5 YEARS, WAS RELATED TO METHYLATION OF VARIOUS IMMUNE GENES IN MONOZYGOTIC TWINS. FURTHERMORE, TWIN PAIRS DISCORDANT IN HEALTH PROBLEMS HAVE MORE DIFFERENCE IN IMMUNE GENE METHYLATION COMPARED TO TWIN PAIRS CONCORDANT FOR HEALTH PROBLEMS, SUGGESTING THAT METHYLATION OF IMMUNE GENES MAY HAVE FUNCTIONAL CONSEQUENCES FOR GENERAL HEALTH. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT THE EMOTIONAL COMPONENT OF ATTACHMENT QUALITY DURING INFANCY CONTRIBUTES TO IMMUNE EPIGENETIC PROFILES IN CHILDHOOD, WHICH MAY INFLUENCE GENERAL HEALTH.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
14   642  46 BIOMARKERS OF PARTICULATE MATTER EXPOSURE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. BACKGROUND: IN RECENT YEARS, AMBIENT PARTICULATE MATTER (PM) EXPOSURE HAS BEEN STRONGLY LINKED WITH HEALTH EFFECTS. ELEVATED LEVELS OF PM IN POLLUTED AIR HAVE BEEN CORRELATED WITH THE ONSET AND DEVELOPMENT OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD). THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WAS CONDUCTED TO EVALUATE BIOMARKERS THAT COULD REFLECT THE EFFECTS OF PM EXPOSURE IN PATIENTS WITH COPD. METHODS: WE PERFORMED A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF STUDIES PUBLISHED ON BIOMARKERS ASSOCIATED WITH PM EXPOSURE IN PATIENTS WITH COPD BETWEEN JANUARY 01, 2012 AND JUNE 30, 2022 IN PUBMED/MEDLINE, EMBASE, AND COCHRANE DATABASES. STUDIES THAT INCLUDED DATA ON BIOMARKERS WITH COPD EXPOSED PM WERE ELIGIBLE FOR INCLUSION. BIOMARKERS WERE CLASSIFIED INTO 4 GROUPS ACCORDING TO THEIR MECHANISMS. RESULTS: OF THE 105 STUDIES IDENTIFIED, 22 WERE INCLUDED IN THIS STUDY. NEARLY 50 BIOMARKERS HAVE BEEN PROPOSED IN THE STUDIES INCLUDED IN THIS REVIEW, AND THE MOST STUDIED IN RELATION TO PM ARE SEVERAL INTERLEUKINS. VARIOUS MECHANISMS HAVE BEEN REPORTED BY WHICH PM INDUCES AND AGGRAVATES COPD. SIX STUDIES RELATED TO OXIDATIVE STRESS, ONE RELATED TO DIRECT EFFECT OF INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEMS, 16 ASSOCIATED WITH GENETIC REGULATION OF INFLAMMATION, AND TWO RELATED TO EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF PHYSIOLOGY AND SUSCEPTIBILITY WERE FOUND. BIOMARKERS RELATED TO THESE MECHANISMS WERE DETECTED IN SERUM, SPUTUM, URINE, EXHALED BREATH CONCENTRATION (EBC), AND SHOWED VARIOUS CORRELATIONS WITH PM IN COPD. CONCLUSIONS: VARIOUS BIOMARKERS HAVE SHOWN POTENTIAL IN PREDICTING THE EXTENT OF PM EXPOSURE IN COPD PATIENTS. FUTURE STUDIES ARE NEEDED TO ESTABLISH RECOMMENDATIONS FOR REGULATION TO REDUCE AIRBORNE PM, WHICH COULD BE USED TO DEVELOP STRATEGIES FOR PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESPIRATORY DISEASES.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
15  5748  38 SOCIAL AND PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTS EARLY IN DEVELOPMENT PREDICT DNA METHYLATION OF INFLAMMATORY GENES IN YOUNG ADULTHOOD. CHRONIC INFLAMMATION CONTRIBUTES TO A WIDE RANGE OF HUMAN DISEASES, AND ENVIRONMENTS IN INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD ARE IMPORTANT DETERMINANTS OF INFLAMMATORY PHENOTYPES. THE UNDERLYING BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS CONNECTING EARLY ENVIRONMENTS WITH THE REGULATION OF INFLAMMATION IN ADULTHOOD ARE NOT KNOWN, BUT EPIGENETIC PROCESSES ARE PLAUSIBLE CANDIDATES. WE TESTED THE HYPOTHESIS THAT PATTERNS OF DNA METHYLATION (DNAM) IN INFLAMMATORY GENES IN YOUNG ADULTHOOD WOULD BE PREDICTED BY EARLY LIFE NUTRITIONAL, MICROBIAL, AND PSYCHOSOCIAL EXPOSURES PREVIOUSLY ASSOCIATED WITH LEVELS OF INFLAMMATION. DATA COME FROM A POPULATION-BASED LONGITUDINAL BIRTH COHORT STUDY IN METROPOLITAN CEBU, THE PHILIPPINES, AND DNAM WAS CHARACTERIZED IN WHOLE BLOOD SAMPLES FROM 494 PARTICIPANTS (AGE 20-22 Y). ANALYSES FOCUSED ON PROBES IN 114 TARGET GENES INVOLVED IN THE REGULATION OF INFLAMMATION, AND WE IDENTIFIED 10 SITES ACROSS NINE GENES WHERE THE LEVEL OF DNAM WAS SIGNIFICANTLY PREDICTED BY THE FOLLOWING VARIABLES: HOUSEHOLD SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS IN CHILDHOOD, EXTENDED ABSENCE OF A PARENT IN CHILDHOOD, EXPOSURE TO ANIMAL FECES IN INFANCY, BIRTH IN THE DRY SEASON, OR DURATION OF EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING. TO EVALUATE THE BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THESE SITES, WE TESTED FOR ASSOCIATIONS WITH A PANEL OF INFLAMMATORY BIOMARKERS MEASURED IN PLASMA OBTAINED AT THE SAME AGE AS DNAM ASSESSMENT. THREE SITES PREDICTED ELEVATED INFLAMMATION, AND ONE SITE PREDICTED LOWER INFLAMMATION, CONSISTENT WITH THE INTERPRETATION THAT LEVELS OF DNAM AT THESE SITES ARE FUNCTIONALLY RELEVANT. THIS PATTERN OF RESULTS POINTS TOWARD DNAM AS A POTENTIALLY IMPORTANT BIOLOGICAL MECHANISM THROUGH WHICH DEVELOPMENTAL ENVIRONMENTS SHAPE INFLAMMATORY PHENOTYPES ACROSS THE LIFE COURSE.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
16  6876  45 [PROLONGED EXPOSURE TO ATMOSPHERIC AIR POLLUTION AND MORTALITY FROM RESPIRATORY CAUSES]. DIFFERENT DESIGNS CAN BE USED TO ANALYZE THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN RESPIRATORY MORTALITY AND LONG TERM EXPOSURE TO ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES (COHORT, PREVALENCE STUDY) DEMONSTRATE THE REALITY OF THE RELATIONSHIP AND TOXICOLOGICAL STUDIES EXPLAIN IT. COHORT STUDIES HAVE THE ADVANTAGE OF BEING ABLE TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT MANY CONFOUNDING FACTORS AND THUS AVOID BIASES (WHICH IS NOT THE CASE WITH PREVALENCE STUDIES), BUT REQUIRE SIGNIFICANT HUMAN AND FINANCIAL RESOURCES. THEY WERE FIRST ADOPTED IN THE US, BUT ARE NOW MORE OFTEN APPLIED IN EUROPE. THE RESULTS ARE RELATIVELY CONSISTENT, AS THEY ALL SHOW A STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATION BETWEEN AN INCREASE IN PARTICULATE POLLUTION AND CARDIOPULMONARY MORTALITY. MORTALITY FROM LUNG CANCER IS ALSO ASSOCIATED WITH LONG TERM EXPOSITION TO PARTICLES AND SOMETIMES TO OZONE OR NITROGEN OXIDES. CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES AND SUDDEN DEATH OF YOUNG CHILDREN HAVE ALSO BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH PARTICULATE POLLUTION. THE RELATIONSHIPS ARE MORE POWERFUL FOR LONG TERM THAN SHORT TERM EXPOSURE BUT ARE ALSO LINEAR AND WITHOUT THRESHOLD. IN ORDER TO EXPLAIN THESE EFFECTS (TODAY THE CAUSALITY OF THE RELATIONSHIP IS CERTAIN) THERE ARE MANY POSSIBLE FACTORS, PARTICULARLY REGARDING PARTICULATE EXPOSURES: AN INCREASE IN CARDIOVASCULAR RISK BIOMARKERS (FIBRINOGEN, WHITE BLOOD CELLS, AND PLATELETS), ATHEROSCLEROSIS, CHRONIC INFLAMMATION OF LUNG TISSUES INCREASED BY ACUTE EXPOSURE, ETC. MORE AND MORE STUDIES ADDRESS THE INTERACTION BETWEEN GENE AND ENVIRONMENT AND EVEN EPIGENETIC PHENOMENA WHICH COULD BE RESPONSIBLE OF THESE EFFECTS. PUBLIC HEALTH IMPACT COULD BE QUANTIFIED. THE EUROPEAN E&H SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM APHEIS, FOR EXAMPLE, ESTIMATED THAT IF PM2.5 LEVELS REMAINED BELOW 15 MICROG/M(3), A 30 YEAR OLD PERSON COULD SEE HIS LIFE EXPECTANCY INCREASED BY 1 MONTH TO 2 YEARS, DEPENDING ON THE STUDIED CITY. FINALLY, MORTALITY IS NOT THE ONLY RELEVANT INDICATOR FOR HEALTH EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION. ISAAC STUDIES ADDRESS ASTHMA, ALLERGIC RHINITIS AND ECZEMA AMONG CHILDREN.	2009	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
17  2411  33 EPIGENETIC SCORES FOR THE CIRCULATING PROTEOME AS TOOLS FOR DISEASE PREDICTION. PROTEIN BIOMARKERS HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED ACROSS MANY AGE-RELATED MORBIDITIES. HOWEVER, CHARACTERISING EPIGENETIC INFLUENCES COULD FURTHER INFORM DISEASE PREDICTIONS. HERE, WE LEVERAGE EPIGENOME-WIDE DATA TO STUDY LINKS BETWEEN THE DNA METHYLATION (DNAM) SIGNATURES OF THE CIRCULATING PROTEOME AND INCIDENT DISEASES. USING DATA FROM FOUR COHORTS, WE TRAINED AND TESTED EPIGENETIC SCORES (EPISCORES) FOR 953 PLASMA PROTEINS, IDENTIFYING 109 SCORES THAT EXPLAINED BETWEEN 1% AND 58% OF THE VARIANCE IN PROTEIN LEVELS AFTER ADJUSTING FOR KNOWN PROTEIN QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI (PQTL) GENETIC EFFECTS. BY PROJECTING THESE EPISCORES INTO AN INDEPENDENT SAMPLE (GENERATION SCOTLAND; N = 9537) AND RELATING THEM TO INCIDENT MORBIDITIES OVER A FOLLOW-UP OF 14 YEARS, WE UNCOVERED 137 EPISCORE-DISEASE ASSOCIATIONS. THESE ASSOCIATIONS WERE LARGELY INDEPENDENT OF IMMUNE CELL PROPORTIONS, COMMON LIFESTYLE AND HEALTH FACTORS, AND BIOLOGICAL AGING. NOTABLY, WE FOUND THAT OUR DIABETES-ASSOCIATED EPISCORES HIGHLIGHTED PREVIOUS TOP BIOMARKER ASSOCIATIONS FROM PROTEOME-WIDE ASSESSMENTS OF DIABETES. THESE EPISCORES FOR PROTEIN LEVELS CAN THEREFORE BE A VALUABLE RESOURCE FOR DISEASE PREDICTION AND RISK STRATIFICATION.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
18  5395  42 REDUCED EPIGENETIC AGE IN OLDER ADULTS WITH HIGH SENSE OF PURPOSE IN LIFE. PSYCHOSOCIAL RISK FACTORS HAVE BEEN LINKED WITH ACCELERATED EPIGENETIC AGING, BUT LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT WHETHER PSYCHOSOCIAL RESILIENCE FACTORS (EG, SENSE OF PURPOSE IN LIFE) MIGHT REDUCE EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION. IN THIS STUDY, WE TESTED IF OLDER ADULTS WHO EXPERIENCE HIGH LEVELS OF PURPOSE MIGHT SHOW REDUCED EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION. WE EVALUATED THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PURPOSE AND EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION AS MEASURED BY 13 DNA METHYLATION (DNAM) "EPIGENETIC CLOCKS" ASSESSED IN 1 572 OLDER ADULTS FROM THE HEALTH AND RETIREMENT STUDY (MEAN AGE 70 YEARS). WE QUANTIFIED THE TOTAL ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PURPOSE AND DNAM AGE ACCELERATION AS WELL AS THE EXTENT TO WHICH THAT TOTAL ASSOCIATION MIGHT BE ATTRIBUTABLE TO DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS, CHRONIC DISEASE, OTHER PSYCHOSOCIAL VARIABLES (EG, POSITIVE AFFECT), AND HEALTH-RELATED BEHAVIORS (HEAVY DRINKING, SMOKING, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, AND BODY MASS INDEX [BMI]). PURPOSE IN LIFE WAS ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCED EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION ACROSS 4 "SECOND-GENERATION" DNAM CLOCKS OPTIMIZED FOR PREDICTING HEALTH AND LONGEVITY (FALSE DISCOVERY RATE [FDR] Q < 0.0001: PHENOAGE, GRIMAGE, ZHANG EPIGENETIC MORTALITY INDEX; FDR Q < 0.05: DUNEDINPOAM). THESE ASSOCIATIONS WERE INDEPENDENT OF DEMOGRAPHIC AND PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS, BUT SUBSTANTIALLY ATTENUATED AFTER ADJUSTING FOR HEALTH-RELATED BEHAVIORS (DRINKING, SMOKING, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, AND BMI). PURPOSE SHOWED NO SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATION WITH 9 "FIRST-GENERATION" DNAM EPIGENETIC CLOCKS TRAINED ON CHRONOLOGICAL AGE. OLDER ADULTS WITH GREATER PURPOSE IN LIFE SHOW "YOUNGER" DNAM EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION. THESE RESULTS MAY BE DUE IN PART TO ASSOCIATED DIFFERENCES IN HEALTH-RELATED BEHAVIORS. RESULTS SUGGEST NEW OPPORTUNITIES TO REDUCE BIOLOGICAL AGE ACCELERATION BY ENHANCING PURPOSE AND ITS BEHAVIORAL SEQUELAE IN LATE ADULTHOOD.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
19  1971  31 EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH CHILDHOOD TRAUMA AND ADULT MENTAL HEALTH OUTCOMES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. OBJECTIVES: MULTIPLE, CHRONIC AND REPEATED TRAUMA EXPOSURE IN CHILDHOOD IS ASSOCIATED WITH ADVERSE MENTAL HEALTH OUTCOMES IN ADULTHOOD. IN THIS PAPER WE SYNTHESISE THE LITERATURE ON EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN CHILDHOOD TRAUMA (CT) AND THE MEDIATING EFFECTS OF DIFFERENTIAL EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS ON THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CT AND THE LATER ONSET OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS.METHODS: WE REVIEWED THE LITERATURE UP TO MARCH 2018 IN FOUR DATABASES: PUBMED, WEB OF SCIENCE, EBSCOHOST AND SCOPUS. NON-HUMAN STUDIES WERE EXCLUDED. ALL STUDIES INVESTIGATING CT EXPOSURE BOTH IN HEALTHY ADULTS (18 YEARS AND OLDER) AND ADULTS WITH PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS WERE INCLUDED.RESULTS: THIRTY-SIX PUBLICATIONS WERE INCLUDED. FOR MOOD DISORDERS, METHYLATION OF THE GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR NR3C1 GENE, SPECIFICALLY AT THE NGFI-A BINDING SITE IN EXON 1F, AND CORRELATION WITH CT WAS A ROBUST FINDING. SEVERAL STUDIES DOCUMENTED DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION OF SLC6A4, BDNF, OXTR AND FKBP5 IN ASSOCIATION WITH CT. COMMON PATHWAYS IDENTIFIED INCLUDE NEURONAL FUNCTIONING AND MAINTENANCE, IMMUNE AND INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES, CHROMATIN AND HISTONE MODIFICATION, AND TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR BINDING.CONCLUSIONS: A VARIETY OF EPIGENETIC MEDIATORS THAT LIE ON A COMMON PATHWAY BETWEEN CT AND PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED, ALTHOUGH LONGITUDINAL STUDIES AND CONSISTENCY IN METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH ARE NEEDED TO DISENTANGLE CAUSE AND EFFECT ASSOCIATIONS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
20  4869  35 OSTEOARTHRITIS YEAR IN REVIEW: GENETICS, GENOMICS, EPIGENETICS. OBJECTIVE: IN THIS REVIEW, WE HAVE HIGHLIGHTED ADVANCES IN GENETICS, GENOMICS AND EPIGENETICS IN THE FIELD OF OSTEOARTHRITIS (OA) OVER THE PAST YEAR. METHODS: A LITERATURE SEARCH WAS PERFORMED USING PUBMED AND THE CRITERIA: "OSTEOARTHRITIS" AND ONE OF THE FOLLOWING TERMS "GENETIC(S), GENOMIC(S), EPIGENETIC(S), EPIGENOMIC(S), NONCODING RNA, MICRORNA, LONG NONCODING RNA, LNCRNA, CIRCULAR RNA, RNA SEQUENCING, SINGLE CELL SEQUENCING, OR DNA METHYLATION BETWEEN APRIL 1, 2019 AND APRIL 30, 2020. RESULTS: WE IDENTIFIED 653 UNIQUE PUBLICATIONS, MANY STUDIES SPANNED MULTIPLE SEARCH TERMS. WE SUMMARIZED ADVANCES RELATING TO EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS, PAIN, ETHNICITY SPECIFIC RISK FACTORS, FUNCTIONAL STUDIES OF GENE VARIANTS, AND INTERACTIONS BETWEEN CODING AND NON-CODING RNAS IN OA PATHOGENESIS. CONCLUSIONS: STUDIES HAVE IDENTIFIED VARIANTS CONTRIBUTING TO OA SUSCEPTIBILITY, CANDIDATE BIOMARKERS FOR DIAGNOSIS AND PROGNOSIS, AS WELL AS PROMISING THERAPEUTIC CANDIDATES. VALIDATION IN MULTIPLE COHORTS, MULTI-OMICS STRATEGIES, AND MACHINE LEARNING AIDED COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSES HAVE ALL CONTRIBUTED TO THE STRENGTH OF PUBLISHED LITERATURE. OPEN ACCESS DATA-SETS, GREATER SAMPLE SIZES TO CAPTURE BROADER POPULATIONS AND UNDERSTANDING DISEASE MECHANISMS BY INVESTIGATING THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN MULTIPLE TISSUE TYPES WILL FURTHER AID IN PROGRESS TOWARDS UNDERSTANDING AND CURING OA.	2021