1 6785 80 [CONFLICT MEDIATION: AN ADDITIONAL OPTION FOR THE MEDICAL PRACTITIONER]. CHRONIC STRESS AFFECTS THE INDIVIDUAL AND OFFSPRING THROUGH A COMBINATION OF SOCIAL, GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS THAT PREDISPOSE TO VARIOUS ILLNESSES. FURTHERMORE, CONFLICT UNFAVORABLY AFFECTS MENTALIZATION WHICH WOULD HELP ITS RESOLUTION. THE PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF STRESS DROP WHEN AN INDIVIDUAL GOES FROM THE STATE OF UNFORGIVENESS TO THAT OF FORGIVENESS AND THIS IS COMPARABLE TO THE FEELING OF RELIEF EXPERIENCED AFTER A SUCCESSFUL MEDIATION. THE AUTHOR BRIEFLY ILLUSTRATES CONFLICT MEDIATION FROM A PSYCHODYNAMIC POINT OF VIEW. THE MEDIATION PROCESS INSCRIBES ITSELF IN A PROLONGATION OF FREUD'S KULTURARBEIT. THE AUTHOR CONCLUDES THAT THE MEDICAL PRACTITIONER COULD IDENTIFY PATIENTS WHOSE AILMENTS ARE DIRECTLY RELATED TO EXPERIENCING RECENT CONFLICT AND FOR WHOM CONFLICT MEDIATION COULD PROVE TO BE BENEFICIAL.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
2 3899 19 LATE NEUROLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF ZIKA VIRUS INFECTION: RISK FACTORS AND PHARMACEUTICAL APPROACHES. ZIKA VIRUS (ZIKV) INFECTION WAS HISTORICALLY CONSIDERED A DISEASE WITH MILD SYMPTOMS AND NO MAJOR CONSEQUENCES TO HUMAN HEALTH. HOWEVER, SEVERAL LONG-TERM, LATE ONSET, AND CHRONIC NEUROLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS, BOTH IN CONGENITALLY-EXPOSED BABIES AND IN ADULT PATIENTS, HAVE BEEN REPORTED AFTER ZIKV INFECTION, ESPECIALLY AFTER THE 2015 EPIDEMICS IN THE AMERICAN CONTINENT. THE DEVELOPMENT OR SEVERITY OF THESE CONDITIONS CANNOT BE FULLY PREDICTED, BUT IT IS POSSIBLE THAT GENETIC, EPIGENETIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS MAY CONTRIBUTE TO DETERMINE ZIKV INFECTION OUTCOMES. THIS REINFORCES THE IMPORTANCE THAT INDIVIDUALS EXPOSED TO ZIKV ARE SUBMITTED TO LONG-TERM CLINICAL SURVEILLANCE AND HIGHLIGHTS THE URGENT NEED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES TO REDUCE OR ELIMINATE THE NEUROLOGICAL BURDEN OF INFECTION. HERE, WE REVIEW THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ZIKV-ASSOCIATED NEUROLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS AND THE ROLE OF FACTORS THAT MAY INFLUENCE DISEASE OUTCOME. MOREOVER, WE DISCUSS EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL EVIDENCE OF DRUGS THAT HAVE SHOWN PROMISING RESULTS IN VITRO OR IN VITRO AGAINST VIRAL REPLICATION AND AND/OR ZIKV-INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
3 4834 26 ON THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN THE MEDICINE OF HILDEGARD OF BINGEN AND MODERN MEDICINE: THE ROLE OF ESTROGEN RECEPTOR AS AN EXAMPLE OF BIODYNAMIC INTERFACE FOR STUDYING THE CHRONIC DISEASE'S COMPLEXITY. INTRODUCTION: HILDEGARD OF BINGEN (1098-1179) INTERPRETED THE ORIGINS OF CHRONIC DISEASE HIGHLIGHTING AND ANTICIPATING, ALTHOUGH ONLY IN A LIMITED FASHION, THE IMPORTANCE THAT COMPLEX INTERACTIONS AMONG NUMEROUS GENETIC, INTERNAL MILIEU AND EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS HAVE IN DETERMINING THE DISEASE PHENOTYPE. TODAY, WE RECOGNIZE THOSE FACTORS, CAPABLE OF MEDIATING THE TRANSMISSION OF MESSAGES BETWEEN HUMAN BODY AND ENVIRONMENT AND VICE VERSA, AS BIODYNAMIC INTERFACES. AIM: WE ANALYZED, IN THE LIGHT OF MODERN SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE, HILDEGARD OF BINGEN'S MEDICAL APPROACH AND HER ORIGINAL HUMORAL THEORY IN ORDER TO IDENTIFY POSSIBLE INSIGHTS INCLUDED IN HER MEDICINE THAT COULD BE REFERRED TO IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE. IN PARTICULAR, THE ABBESS'S HUMORAL THEORY SUGGESTS THE IDENTIFICATION OF BIODYNAMIC INTERFACES WITH SEX HORMONES AND THEIR RECEPTORS. FINDINGS: WE FOUND THAT THE HILDEGARDIAN HOLISTIC VISION OF THE ORGANISM-ENVIRONMENT RELATIONSHIP CAN ACTUALLY REPRESENT A VISIONARY APPROACH TO MODERN ENDOCRINOLOGY AND THAT SEX HORMONES, IN PARTICULAR ESTROGENS, COULD REPRESENT AN EXAMPLE OF A BIODYNAMIC INTERFACE. ESTROGEN RECEPTORS ARE FOUND IN REGIONS OF THE BRAIN INVOLVED IN EMOTIONAL AND COGNITIVE REGULATION, CONTROLLING THE MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF BRAIN FUNCTION. ESTROGEN RECEPTORS ARE INVOLVED IN THE REGULATION OF THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS AND IN THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF RESPONSES TO PHYSIOLOGICAL, SOCIAL, AND HORMONAL STIMULI. FURTHERMORE, ESTROGEN AFFECTS GENE METHYLATION ON ITS OWN AND RELATED RECEPTOR PROMOTERS IN DISCRETE REGIONS OF THE DEVELOPING BRAIN. THIS SCENARIO WAS STRIKINGLY PERCEIVED BY THE ABBESS IN THE XIITH CENTURY, AND DEPICTED AS A COMPLEX INTERPLAY AMONG DIFFERENT HUMORS AND FLEGMATA THAT SHE RECOGNIZED TO BE SEX SPECIFIC AND ENVIRONMENTALLY REGULATED. VIEWPOINT: CONSIDERING THE FUNCTION PLAYED BY HORMONES, ANALYZED THROUGH THE LAST SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE, AND SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE ON BIODYNAMIC INTERFACES, WE COULD SUGGEST HILDEGARDIAN INSIGHTS AND THEORIES AS THE FIRST ATTEMPT TO DESCRIBE THE MODERN HOLISTIC, SEX-BASED MEDICINE. CONCLUSION: HILDEGARD ANTICIPATED A CONCEPT OF PATHOGENESIS THAT SEES A CENTRAL ROLE FOR ENDOCRINOLOGY IN SEX-SPECIFIC DISEASE. FURTHERMORE, ESTROGENS AND ESTROGEN RECEPTORS COULD REPRESENT A GOOD EXAMPLE OF MOLECULAR INTERFACES CAPABLE OF MODULATING THE INTERACTION BETWEEN THE ORGANISM INTERNAL MILIEU AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS.	2022	

4 4019 21 LOW-DOSE OR LOW-DOSE-RATE IONIZING RADIATION-INDUCED BIOEFFECTS IN ANIMAL MODELS. ANIMAL EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES INDICATE THAT ACUTE OR CHRONIC LOW-DOSE IONIZING RADIATION (LDIR) (</=100 MSV) OR LOW-DOSE-RATE IONIZING RADIATION (LDRIR) (<6 MSV/H) EXPOSURES MAY BE HARMFUL. IT INDUCES GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES AND IS ASSOCIATED WITH A RANGE OF PHYSIOLOGICAL DISTURBANCES THAT INCLUDES ALTERED IMMUNE SYSTEM, ABNORMAL BRAIN DEVELOPMENT WITH RESULTANT COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT, CATARACTOGENESIS, ABNORMAL EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT, CIRCULATORY DISEASES, WEIGHT GAIN, PREMATURE MENOPAUSE IN FEMALE ANIMALS, TUMORIGENESIS AND SHORTENED LIFESPAN. PATERNAL OR PRENATAL LDIR/LDRIR EXPOSURE IS ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCED FERTILITY AND NUMBER OF LIVE FETUSES, AND TRANSGENERATIONAL GENOMIC ABERRATIONS. ON THE OTHER HAND, IN SOME EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES, LDIR/LDRIR EXPOSURE HAS ALSO BEEN REPORTED TO BRING ABOUT BENEFICIAL EFFECTS SUCH AS REDUCTION IN TUMORIGENESIS, PROLONGED LIFESPAN AND ENHANCED FERTILITY. THE DIFFERENCES IN REPORTED EFFECTS OF LDIR/LDRIR EXPOSURE ARE DEPENDENT ON ANIMAL GENETIC BACKGROUND (SUSCEPTIBILITY), AGE (PRENATAL OR POSTNATAL DAYS), SEX, NATURE OF RADIATION EXPOSURE (I.E. ACUTE, FRACTIONATED OR CHRONIC RADIATION EXPOSURE), TYPE OF RADIATION, COMBINATION OF RADIATION WITH OTHER TOXIC AGENTS (SUCH AS SMOKING, PESTICIDES OR OTHER CHEMICAL TOXINS) OR ANIMAL EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS. IN THIS REVIEW PAPER, WE AIMED TO UPDATE RADIATION RESEARCHERS AND RADIOLOGISTS ON THE CURRENT PROGRESS ACHIEVED IN UNDERSTANDING THE LDIR/LDRIR-INDUCED BIONEGATIVE AND BIOPOSITIVE EFFECTS REPORTED IN THE VARIOUS ANIMAL MODELS. THE ROLES PLAYED BY A VARIETY OF MOLECULES THAT ARE IMPLICATED IN LDIR/LDRIR-INDUCED HEALTH EFFECTS WILL BE ELABORATED. THE REVIEW WILL HELP IN FUTURE INVESTIGATIONS OF LDIR/LDRIR-INDUCED HEALTH EFFECTS BY PROVIDING CLUES FOR DESIGNING IMPROVED ANIMAL RESEARCH MODELS IN ORDER TO CLARIFY THE CURRENT CONTROVERSIAL/CONTRADICTORY FINDINGS FROM EXISTING STUDIES.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
5 6911 14 [TWO GERMAN BIRTH COHORTS: GINIPLUS AND LISAPLUS]. NUMEROUS CHRONIC DISEASES IN CHILDHOOD AND ADULTHOOD HAVE THEIR ORIGINS IN PERINATAL LIFE AND ARE POTENTIALLY INFLUENCED BY TRANS-GENERATIONAL EPIGENETIC PROCESSES. THEREFORE, PROSPECTIVE BIRTH COHORTS CAN SUBSTANTIALLY CONTRIBUTE TO OUR KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE ETIOLOGY OF DISEASES INCLUDING MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS. THE TWO POPULATION-BASED GERMAN BIRTH COHORTS GINIPLUS AND LISAPLUS AIM TO DESCRIBE THE NATURAL COURSE OF CHRONIC DISEASES AND INTERMEDIATE PHENOTYPES IN CHILDHOOD AND ITS DETERMINANTS, AND TO IDENTIFY POTENTIAL GENETIC EFFECT MODIFICATIONS. IN THE MID-1990S, 5,991 (GINIPLUS) AND 3,097 (LISAPLUS) HEALTHY, TERM NEWBORNS WERE RECRUITED FOR LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP IN FOUR REGIONS OF GERMANY. THE FOLLOW-UP RATE FOR THE FIRST 10 YEARS WAS ABOUT 55%. WE ANALYZED THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF OVERWEIGHT, INFECTIONS AND ALLERGIC DISEASES, MENTAL AND ORAL HEALTH, METABOLIC AND INFLAMMATORY PARAMETERS AND THE ROLE OF POTENTIAL RISK FACTORS INCLUDING GENETICS. THE RESULTS OF THESE TWO BIRTH COHORTS SUBSTANTIALLY CONTRIBUTE TO THE CURRENT KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE NATURAL COURSE OF THESE HEALTH PARAMETERS. THESE DATA WERE INCLUDED IN MANY INTERNATIONAL PROJECTS AND CONSORTIA FOR PURPOSES OF INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS OF PREVALENCE AND CONSISTENCY OF FINDINGS, AND TO INCREASE THE POWER OF THE ANALYSES.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
6 5213 19 PRESYMPTOMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT FOR CHRONIC NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES. THE PREVALENCE OF COMMON CHRONIC NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES (CNCDS) FAR OVERSHADOWS THE PREVALENCE OF BOTH MONOGENIC AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES COMBINED. ALL CNCDS, ALSO CALLED COMPLEX GENETIC DISEASES, HAVE A HERITABLE GENETIC COMPONENT THAT CAN BE USED FOR PRE-SYMPTOMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT. COMMON SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS (SNPS) THAT TAG RISK HAPLOTYPES ACROSS THE GENOME CURRENTLY ACCOUNT FOR A NON-TRIVIAL PORTION OF THE GERM-LINE GENETIC RISK AND WE WILL LIKELY CONTINUE TO IDENTIFY THE REMAINING MISSING HERITABILITY IN THE FORM OF RARE VARIANTS, COPY NUMBER VARIANTS AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS. HERE, WE DESCRIBE A NOVEL MEASURE FOR CALCULATING THE LIFETIME RISK OF A DISEASE, CALLED THE GENETIC COMPOSITE INDEX (GCI), AND DEMONSTRATE ITS PREDICTIVE VALUE AS A CLINICAL CLASSIFIER. THE GCI ONLY CONSIDERS SUMMARY STATISTICS OF THE EFFECTS OF GENETIC VARIATION AND HENCE DOES NOT REQUIRE THE RESULTS OF LARGE-SCALE STUDIES SIMULTANEOUSLY ASSESSING MULTIPLE RISK FACTORS. COMBINING GCI SCORES WITH ENVIRONMENTAL RISK INFORMATION PROVIDES AN ADDITIONAL TOOL FOR CLINICAL DECISION-MAKING. THE GCI CAN BE POPULATED WITH HERITABLE RISK INFORMATION OF ANY TYPE, AND THUS REPRESENTS A FRAMEWORK FOR CNCD PRE-SYMPTOMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT THAT CAN BE POPULATED AS ADDITIONAL RISK INFORMATION IS IDENTIFIED THROUGH NEXT-GENERATION TECHNOLOGIES.	2010	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
7 4999 22 PERINATAL PROGRAMMING OF CIRCADIAN CLOCK-STRESS CROSSTALK. AN INTACT COMMUNICATION BETWEEN CIRCADIAN CLOCKS AND THE STRESS SYSTEM IS IMPORTANT FOR MAINTAINING PHYSIOLOGICAL HOMEOSTASIS UNDER RESTING CONDITIONS AND IN RESPONSE TO EXTERNAL STIMULI. THERE IS ACCUMULATING EVIDENCE FOR A RECIPROCAL INTERACTION BETWEEN BOTH-FROM THE SYSTEMIC TO THE MOLECULAR LEVEL. DISRUPTION OF THIS INTERACTION BY EXTERNAL FACTORS SUCH AS SHIFTWORK, JETLAG, OR CHRONIC STRESS INCREASES THE RISK OF DEVELOPING METABOLIC, IMMUNE, OR MOOD DISORDERS. FROM EXPERIMENTS IN RODENTS, WE KNOW THAT BOTH SYSTEMS MATURATE DURING THE PERINATAL PERIOD. DURING THAT TIME, EXOGENOUS FACTORS SUCH AS STRESS OR ALTERATIONS IN THE EXTERNAL PHOTOPERIOD MAY CRITICALLY AFFECT-OR PROGRAM-PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS LATER IN LIFE. THIS DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAMMING PROCESS HAS BEEN ATTRIBUTED TO MATERNAL STRESS SIGNALS REACHING THE EMBRYO, WHICH LASTINGLY CHANGE GENE EXPRESSION THROUGH THE INDUCTION OF EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. DESPITE THE WELL-KNOWN FUNCTION OF THE ADULT CIRCADIAN SYSTEM IN TEMPORAL COORDINATION OF PHYSIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR, THE ROLE OF MATERNAL AND EMBRYONIC CIRCADIAN CLOCKS DURING PREGNANCY AND POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT IS STILL POORLY DEFINED. A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE CIRCADIAN-STRESS CROSSTALK AT DIFFERENT PERIODS OF DEVELOPMENT MAY HELP TO IMPROVE STRESS RESISTANCE AND DEVISE PREVENTIVE AND THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES AGAINST CHRONIC STRESS-ASSOCIATED DISORDERS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
8 2603 21 EPIGENETICS, ENVIRONMENT AND EPIDEMIOLOGY: AN INTERVIEW WITH KARL KELSEY. IN THIS INTERVIEW, PROFESSOR KARL KELSEY SPEAKS WITH STORM JOHNSON, COMMISSIONING EDITOR FOR EPIGENOMICS, ON HIS WORK TO DATE IN THE FIELD OF ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENOMICS AND EPIDEMIOLOGY. DR KARL KELSEY, MD, MOH IS A PROFESSOR OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE AT BROWN UNIVERSITY. HE IS THE FOUNDING DIRECTOR OF THE CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND TECHNOLOGY AND HEAD OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SECTION AT THE DEPARTMENT OF EPIDEMIOLOGY. DR KELSEY IS INTERESTED IN THE APPLICATION OF LABORATORY-BASED BIOMARKERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL DISEASE, WITH EXPERIENCE IN CHRONIC DISEASE EPIDEMIOLOGY AND TUMOR BIOLOGY. THE GOALS OF HIS WORK INCLUDE A MECHANISTIC UNDERSTANDING OF INDIVIDUAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TO EXPOSURE-RELATED CANCERS. IN ADDITION, HIS LABORATORY IS INTERESTED IN TUMOR BIOLOGY, INVESTIGATING SOMATIC ALTERATIONS IN TUMOR TISSUE FROM THE PATIENTS WHO HAVE DEVELOPED EXPOSURE-RELATED CANCERS. THIS WORK INVOLVES THE USE OF AN EPIDEMIOLOGIC APPROACH TO CHARACTERIZE EPIGENETIC AND GENETIC ALTERATION OF GENES IN THE CAUSAL PATHWAY FOR MALIGNANCY. ACTIVE WORK INCLUDES SEVERAL STUDIES OF INDIVIDUAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TO CANCER. DR KELSEY'S LABORATORY MAINLY INVESTIGATES SUSCEPTIBILITY TO SMOKING-RELATED LUNG CANCER AND STUDIES MULTI-RACIAL AND ETHNIC POPULATIONS. IN ADDITION, THE LABORATORY IS ALSO INVOLVED WITH THE STUDY OF INHERITED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO BRAIN TUMORS AND PANCREATIC CANCER. MAJOR CASE CONTROL STUDIES THAT ARE ONGOING IN THE LABORATORY INCLUDE STUDIES DESIGNED TO UNDERSTAND INHERITED AND ACQUIRED SUSCEPTIBILITY IN HEAD AND NECK CANCERS. THE LABORATORY IS ALSO INVOLVED IN A CASE CONTROL STUDY OF ASBESTOS-ASSOCIATED MESOTHELIOMA, ARSENIC EXPOSURE, CIGARETTE SMOKING AND BLADDER CANCER. CONSIDERABLE WORK IS BEING DEVOTED TO UNDERSTANDING THE MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF BOTH ASBESTOS AND ARSENIC INCLUDING THEIR ABILITY TO AFFECT PROMOTER METHYLATION AND GENE SILENCING IN CARCINOGENESIS. RECENT LABORATORY STUDIES INCLUDES AN INTEREST IN USING NEWLY DEVELOPED DNA METHYLATION BIOMARKERS TO PROBE IMMUNE PROFILES FROM ARCHIVED BLOOD. DR KELSEY RECEIVED HIS MD FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA AND MASTERS OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH FROM HARVARD UNIVERSITY.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
9 1749 16 EARLY LIFE INTERVENTIONS CAN SHAPE AGING. IT IS WELL DOCUMENTED THAT THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE DEVELOPING FETUS, INCLUDING AVAILABILITY OF NUTRIENTS AND PRESENCE OF TOXINS, CAN HAVE MAJOR IMPACT ON ADULT PHENOTYPE, AGE-RELATED TRAITS AND RISK OF CHRONIC DISEASE. THERE IS ALSO ACCUMULATING EVIDENCE THAT POSTNATAL ENVIRONMENT CAN IMPACT ADULT CHARACTERISTICS RELATED TO EVOLUTIONARY FITNESS, HEALTH, AND AGING. TO DETERMINE WHETHER EARLY LIFE HORMONAL INTERVENTIONS CAN ALTER TRAJECTORY OF AGING, WE HAVE EXAMINED THE EFFECTS OF EARLY LIFE GROWTH HORMONE (GH) REPLACEMENT THERAPY IN PROP1(DF) (AMES DWARF) MICE WHICH ARE GH DEFICIENT AND REMARKABLY LONG LIVED. TWICE-DAILY GH INJECTIONS BETWEEN THE AGES OF TWO AND EIGHT WEEKS COMPLETELY NORMALIZED ("RESCUED") A NUMBER OF ADULT METABOLIC CHARACTERISTICS BELIEVED TO CONTRIBUTE TO EXTENDED LONGEVITY OF THESE MUTANTS. IMPORTANTLY, LONGEVITY OF AMES DWARF MICE WAS REDUCED BY EARLY LIFE GH TREATMENT. THIS WAS ASSOCIATED WITH HISTONE H3 MODIFICATIONS. WE CONCLUDE THAT THE TRAJECTORY OF MAMMALIAN AGING CAN BE MODIFIED BY EARLY LIFE INTERVENTIONS. MECHANISTIC LINKS AMONG INTERVENTIONS DURING POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT, ADULT METABOLIC CHARACTERISTICS, AGING, AND LONGEVITY, APPARENTLY INVOLVE EPIGENETIC PHENOMENA.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
10 2616 16 EPIGENOME MODULATION INDUCED BY KETOGENIC DIETS. KETOGENIC DIETS (KD) ARE DIETARY STRATEGIES LOW IN CARBOHYDRATES, NORMAL IN PROTEIN, AND HIGH, NORMAL, OR REDUCED IN FAT WITH OR WITHOUT (VERY LOW-CALORIES KETOGENIC DIET, VLCKD) A REDUCED CALORIC INTAKE. KDS HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO BE USEFUL IN THE TREATMENT OF OBESITY, METABOLIC DISEASES AND RELATED DISORDERS, NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES, AND VARIOUS PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS SUCH AS CANCER, NONALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE, AND CHRONIC PAIN. SEVERAL STUDIES HAVE INVESTIGATED THE INTRACELLULAR METABOLIC PATHWAYS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO THE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF THESE DIETS. ALTHOUGH EPIGENETIC CHANGES ARE AMONG THE MOST IMPORTANT DETERMINANTS OF AN ORGANISM'S ABILITY TO ADAPT TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES, DATA ON THE EPIGENETIC CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH THESE DIETARY PATHWAYS ARE STILL LIMITED. THIS REVIEW PROVIDES AN OVERVIEW OF THE MAJOR EPIGENETIC CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH KDS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
11 6292 18 THE PRIMACY OF PSYCHOANALYTIC INTERVENTION IN RECOVERY FROM THE PSYCHOSES AND SCHIZOPHRENIAS. FUNCTIONAL CAPACITIES, SUCH AS ATTACHMENT AND AFFECT REGULATION, OBJECT RELATIONS CAPACITY, SYMBOLIC FUNCTION AND LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT, NOW DOCUMENTED BY NEUROSCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND EPIGENETICS, ARE REVIEWED. RESULTS FROM THIS RESEARCH, TOGETHER WITH OTHER FACTORS, ARE POSITED TO HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO EFFECTIVE CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOANALYTIC AND PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC TREATMENTS FOR THE PSYCHOSES AND SCHIZOPHRENIAS. ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS INVOLVING THE SCHIZOPHRENIAS AND OTHER PSYCHOSES ARE CONSIDERED BOTH IN TERMS OF AN EPIGENETIC MODEL, AND IN TERMS OF HOW ETIOLOGY MAY, OR MAY NOT, AFFECT CLINICAL TREATMENT. THE LACANIAN 388 PROGRAM IS REVIEWED IN SOME DETAIL, AS ARE SEVERAL PSYCHOANALYTIC AND PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC CLINICAL APPROACHES USED WITH THIS POPULATION OVER THE LAST SIX DECADES. ALL TREATMENTS FOCUS ON THE PRIMACY OF PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION, AND USE MEDICATIONS MINIMALLY, NOT AT ALL, OR ONLY AS INFORMED BY AN OVER-ARCHING PSYCHODYNAMIC MODEL OF TREATMENT. THE AUTHOR ARGUES THAT THERE IS NOW SUBSTANTIAL RESEARCH AND OUTCOME DATA SUGGESTING THAT THE PSYCHOSES AND SCHIZOPHRENIAS ARE NOT CHRONIC DETERIORATING CONDITIONS. RECOVERY IS OBSERVED IN MANY PSYCHOTIC AND SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS TREATED WITH APPROACHES THAT FOCUS ON THE PRIMACY OF PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION.	2007	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
12 1643 17 DOES RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS REPRESENT AN ADAPTIVE, THRIFTY CONDITION? THE PRESENT ARTICLE PRESENTS EPIDEMIOLOGICAL, AND COMPARATIVE EVIDENCE SUPPORTING THE HYPOTHESIS THAT RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA) MAY REPRESENT A THRIFTY ADAPTATION SELECTED TO COMPEL ANIMALS TO MINIMIZE VOLUNTARY ENERGY EXPENDITURE. THE AUTOIMMUNE, PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS UNDERLYING RA ARE FRAMED HERE AS CONSTITUTING AN EVOLVED, PROTECTIVE MECHANISM THAT WOULD HAVE INFLUENCED ANIMALS TO AVOID EXERTION AND MAINTAIN A SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE IN ORDER TO MINIMIZE METABOLIC OUTPUT AND ULTIMATELY ESCAPE STARVATION. ARTHRITIC PAIN IS CHARACTERIZED HERE AS A DEFENSIVE, INNATE SIGNAL MUCH LIKE FATIGUE, FEVER, NAUSEA AND REFLEXIVE PAIN, AND LIKE THESE, IS SEEN ON A CONTINUUM VARYING BETWEEN IMPERCEPTIBLE ENCUMBRANCE AND DEBILITATING DISABILITY. THE EPIGENETIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ACUTE PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS AND FLARE-UP OF ARTHRITIC SYMPTOMS IS EXAMINED AND TAKEN TO SUGGEST THAT ARTHRITIS MAY BE A PREDICTIVE, ADAPTIVE RESPONSE TO SEVERE STRESS ALLOWING REDUCTIONS IN METABOLISM TO FOLLOW ADVERSE CONDITIONS OR NUTRITIONAL SCARCITY. THE CLOSE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND THE METABOLIC SYNDROME ARE ALSO EXPLORED ALONG WITH POTENTIAL TIES TO THE "THRIFTY GENOTYPE" AND "THRIFTY PHENOTYPE" PHENOMENA. THIS HYPOTHESIS IS EXAMINED IN THE CONTEXTS OF EVOLUTIONARY MEDICINE, PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY, THE STRESS RESPONSE AND THE BIOENERGETICS OF THRIFT. A BRIEF AND EXPLORATORY REVIEW OF PERTINENT EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT RA, ITS SUBCLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS, AND EVEN OTHER FORMS OF ARTHROPATHY MAY POSSIBLY REPRESENT ADAPTATIONS THAT PROMOTED METABOLIC THRIFT DURING OUR EVOLUTIONARY PAST.	2010	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
13 6433 14 THE VINDICATION OF LAMARCK? EPIGENETICS AT THE INTERSECTION OF LAW AND MENTAL HEALTH. RESEARCH ON EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IS GAINING TRACTION, YET IS POORLY UNDERSTOOD BY CRIMINOLOGISTS AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENTISTS. THE CURRENT OBJECTIVE IS TO REVIEW RELEVANT STUDIES OF INTEREST TO BEHAVIORAL SCIENTISTS WHO STUDY CRIME, AND TO TRANSLATE ADMITTEDLY CHALLENGING SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION INTO TEXT THAT IS DIGESTIBLE TO THE AVERAGE CRIMINOLOGIST. USING SYSTEMATIC SEARCH PROCEDURES THE AUTHORS IDENTIFIED AND REVIEWED 41 STUDIES OF EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN PSYCHIATRIC AND BEHAVIORAL PHENOTYPES AMONG HUMANS. FINDINGS REVEALED SIGNIFICANT EPIGENETIC EFFECTS IN AN ASSORTMENT OF GENES THAT ARE IMPLICATED IN THE ETIOLOGY OF DEPRESSION, SUICIDALITY, CALLOUS-UNEMOTIONAL TRAITS, AND CHRONIC AND INTERGENERATIONAL AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR. SEVERAL POLYMORPHISMS THAT MEDIATE THE HPA AXIS, NEUROTRANSMISSION, IMMUNE RESPONSE, BRAIN DEVELOPMENT, SEROTONIN SYNTHESIS, AND OTHER PROCESSES WERE FOUND. ALTHOUGH PRESCRIPTIVE KNOWLEDGE BASED ON EPIGENETIC FINDINGS TO DATE IS PREMATURE, EPIGENETICS IS A NEW AND EXCITING SCIENTIFIC FRONTIER NOT TOO DIFFERENT IN SPIRIT FROM LAMARCK'S OBSERVATIONS CENTURIES AGO.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
14   68 26 A MECHANISTIC MODEL FOR YOGA AS A PREVENTIVE AND THERAPEUTIC MODALITY. YOGA IS AN ANCIENT INDIAN TECHNIQUE OF HEALTHY LIVING. NUMEROUS STUDIES HAVE CORROBORATED YOGA'S BENEFICIAL EFFECTS, INCLUDING A FAVORABLE INFLUENCE ON AUTONOMIC FUNCTION AND NEGATIVE EMOTIONS. EXTENSIVE RESEARCH IN THE LAST FEW DECADES HAS REVEALED THE CRITICAL ROLE THAT YOGA CAN PLAY IN ERADICATING STRESS. THIS HAS LAID TO THE FOUNDATION FOR A SCIENTIFIC UNDERSTANDING OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES ATTRIBUTED TO STRESS, PARTICULARLY AT THE MOLECULAR AND GENETIC LEVELS. THIS PRIMARILY HAS HELPED UNDERSTAND THE EPIGENETIC AND GENETIC MECHANISM AT PLAY TO INDUCE AND ALLEVIATE STRESS, PARTICULARLY THOSE RELATED TO EMOTIONAL ABERRATIONS. AS RESEARCH HAS INDICATED, NEGATIVE EMOTIONS ARE TRANSLATED INTO VASCULAR INFLAMMATION APPROPRIATELY ACCENTUATED BY A SYMPATHETIC PREDOMINANT AUTONOMIC FUNCTION. THIS CASCADE IS BOLSTERED BY MULTIPLE FACTORS, INCLUDING ACTIVATION OF "STRESSOR" GENES AND ELABORATING HORMONES, INCLUDING STEROIDS WITH SOMETIMES NOCUOUS CONSEQUENCES, PARTICULARLY WHEN CHRONIC. YOGA HAS BEEN CATEGORICALLY FOUND TO HAVE INHIBITED EACH AND EVERY ONE OF THESE BANEFUL EFFECTS OF STRESS. IN FACT, IT ALSO CHANGES THE NEURONAL CIRCUITS THAT POTENTIATE SUCH A PLETHORA OF PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES. THIS, IN TURN, HAS ACCENTUATED YOGA'S RELEVANCE AS A POWERFUL PREVENTIVE INTERVENTION IN NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES (NCD). NCDS, INCLUDING HEART DISEASE, STROKE, AND RHEUMATOLOGICAL DISORDERS, ARE ESSENTIALLY INFLAMMATORY DISEASES THAT PERPETUATE INFLAMMATION IN DIFFERENT BEDS LIKE VASCULAR OR JOINT SPACES. THE PRECISE MECHANISM BY WHICH YOGA INDUCES SUCH BENEFICIAL CHANGES IS YET TO BE DELINEATED. HOWEVER, A CORNUCOPIA OF POINTERS INDICATES THAT NEURAL, ENDOCRINE, IMMUNOLOGICAL, CELLULAR, GENETIC, AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS ARE AT PLAY. THIS ARTICLE ATTEMPTS TO COBBLE TOGETHER NEWFANGLED RESEARCH TO DELINEATE A MEDICAL MODEL FOR THIS 5000-YEAR-OLD PRACTICE FROM INDIA. THIS IS IMPERATIVE, AS A MECHANISTIC MODEL OF THIS ANCIENT-BUT-COMPLEX SYSTEM WOULD ENABLE A MORE COMPREHENSIVE UNDERSTANDING OF ITS MECHANISM AND REVEAL ITS YET-UNDISCOVERED POSITIVE HEALTH EFFECTS.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
15 2568 14 EPIGENETICS OF ALCOHOL-RELATED LIVER DISEASES. ALCOHOL-RELATED LIVER DISEASE (ARLD) IS A PRIMARY CAUSE OF CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE IN THE UNITED STATES. DESPITE ADVANCES IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF ARLD, IT REMAINS A MAJOR PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM ASSOCIATED WITH SIGNIFICANT MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY, EMPHASISING THE NEED TO ADOPT NOVEL APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF ARLD AND ITS COMPLICATIONS. EPIGENETIC CHANGES ARE INCREASINGLY BEING RECOGNISED AS CONTRIBUTING TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF MULTIPLE DISEASE STATES. HARNESSING THE POWER OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE STUDY OF EPIGENETICS (E.G., NEXT-GENERATION SEQUENCING, DNA METHYLATION ASSAYS, HISTONE MODIFICATION PROFILING AND COMPUTATIONAL TECHNIQUES LIKE MACHINE LEARNING) HAS RESULTED IN A SEISMIC SHIFT IN OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ARLD. KNOWLEDGE OF THESE TECHNIQUES AND ADVANCES IS OF PARAMOUNT IMPORTANCE FOR THE PRACTICING HEPATOLOGIST AND RESEARCHERS ALIKE. ACCORDINGLY, IN THIS REVIEW ARTICLE WE WILL SUMMARISE THE CURRENT KNOWLEDGE ABOUT ALCOHOL-INDUCED EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF ARLD, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, DNA HYPER/HYPO METHYLATION, HISTONE MODIFICATIONS, CHANGES IN NON-CODING RNA, 3D CHROMATIN ARCHITECTURE AND ENHANCER-PROMOTER INTERACTIONS. ADDITIONALLY, WE WILL DISCUSS THE STATE-OF-THE-ART TECHNIQUES USED IN THE STUDY OF ARLD (E.G. SINGLE-CELL SEQUENCING). WE WILL ALSO HIGHLIGHT THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF CHEMOKINES AND THEIR PROINFLAMMATORY ROLE IN THE CONTEXT OF ARLD. LASTLY, WE WILL EXAMINE THE CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF EPIGENETICS IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF ARLD.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
16 2000 17 EPIGENETIC AND NON-CODING REGULATION OF ALCOHOL ABUSE AND ADDICTION. ALCOHOL USE DISORDER IS A CHRONIC DEBILITATED CONDITION ADVERSELY AFFECTING THE LIVES OF MILLIONS OF INDIVIDUALS THROUGHOUT THE MODERN WORLD. INDIVIDUALS SUFFERING FROM AN ALCOHOL USE DISORDER DIAGNOSIS FREQUENTLY HAVE SERIOUS COOCCURRING CONDITIONS, WHICH OFTEN FURTHER EXACERBATES PROBLEMATIC DRINKING BEHAVIOR. COMPREHENDING THE BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES UNDERLYING THE PROGRESSION AND PERPETUATION OF DISEASE IS ESSENTIAL FOR MITIGATING MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR IN ORDER TO RESTORE BOTH PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH. THE RANGE OF CELLULAR AND BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS CONTRIBUTING TO, AND AFFECTED BY, ALCOHOL USE DISORDER AND OTHER COMORBID DISORDERS NECESSITATES A FUNDAMENTAL GRASP OF INTRICATE FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS THAT GOVERN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY. EPIGENETIC FACTORS ARE RECOGNIZED AS ESSENTIAL MEDIATORS OF CELLULAR BEHAVIOR, ORCHESTRATING A SYMPHONY OF GENE EXPRESSION CHANGES WITHIN MULTICELLULAR ENVIRONMENTS THAT ARE ULTIMATELY RESPONSIBLE FOR DIRECTING HUMAN BEHAVIOR. UNDERSTANDING THE EPIGENETIC AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATORY MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF DISEASE IS IMPORTANT FOR IMPROVING AVAILABLE PHARMACOTHERAPIES AND REDUCING THE INCIDENCE OF ALCOHOL ABUSE AND COOCCURRING CONDITIONS.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
17 6398 17 THE ROLE OF VITAMIN D AND VDR IN CARCINOGENESIS: THROUGH EPIDEMIOLOGY AND BASIC SCIENCES. IN THE LAST TWO DECADES VITAMIN D (VD) RESEARCH HAS DEMONSTRATED NEW EXTRASKELETAL ACTIONS OF THIS PRE-HORMONE, SUGGESTING A PROTECTIVE ROLE OF THIS SECOSTEROID IN THE ONSET, PROGRESSION AND PROGNOSIS OF SEVERAL CHRONIC NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES, SUCH AS CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, DIABETES MELLITUS OR CANCER. REGARDING CARCINOGENESIS, BOTH PRECLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE AVAILABLE SHOW ONCOPROTECTIVE ACTIONS OF VD AND ITS RECEPTOR, THE VDR. HOWEVER, IN LATE NEOPLASTIC STAGES THE VD SYSTEM (VDS) SEEMS TO BE LESS FUNCTIONAL, WHICH APPEARS TO BE DUE TO AN EPIGENETIC SILENCING OF THE SYSTEM. IN PRECLINICAL EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES, VD PRESENTS ONCOPROTECTIVE ACTIONS THROUGH MODULATION OF INFLAMMATION, CELL PROLIFERATION, CELL DIFFERENTIATION, ANGIOGENESIS, INVASIVE AND METASTATIC POTENTIAL, APOPTOSIS, MIRNA EXPRESSION REGULATION AND MODULATION OF THE HEDGEHOG SIGNALLING PATHWAY. MOREOVER, EPIDEMIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE POINTS TOWARDS AN ONCOPROTECTIVE ROLE OF VITAMIN D AND VDR IN COLORECTAL CANCER. THIS ASSOCIATION IS MORE CONTROVERSIAL WITH BREAST, OVARIAN AND PROSTATE CANCERS, ALTHOUGH WITH A FEW ADVERSE EFFECTS. NONETHELESS, WE SHOULD CONSIDER OTHER FACTORS TO DETERMINE THE BENEFIT OF INCREASED SERUM CONCENTRATION OF VD. MUCH OF THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE IS STILL INCONCLUSIVE, AND WE WILL HAVE TO WAIT FOR NEW, BETTER-DESIGNED ONGOING RCTS AND THEIR RESULTS TO DISCERN THE REAL EFFECT OF VITAMIN D IN CANCER RISK REDUCTION AND THERAPY. THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS LITERATURE REVIEW IS TO OFFER AN UP-TO-DATE ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE OF THE VD AND VDR, IN THE ONSET, PROGRESSION AND PROGNOSIS OF ALL TYPES OF CANCER. WE FURTHER DISCUSS THE AVAILABLE LITERATURE AND SUGGEST NEW HYPOTHESES AND FUTURE CHALLENGES IN THE FIELD OF VD RESEARCH.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
18 5374 21 RECENT ADVANCES IN UNDERSTANDING/MANAGEMENT OF PREMENSTRUAL DYSPHORIC DISORDER/PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME. PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME (PMS) AND PREMENSTRUAL DYSPHORIC DISORDER (PMDD) ARE COMMON DISORDERS OF THE LUTEAL PHASE OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE AND ARE CHARACTERIZED BY MODERATE TO SEVERE PHYSICAL, AFFECTIVE, OR BEHAVIORAL SYMPTOMS THAT IMPAIR DAILY ACTIVITIES AND QUALITY OF LIFE. PMS AND PMDD HAVE RECENTLY RAISED GREAT INTEREST IN THE RESEARCH COMMUNITY FOR THEIR CONSIDERABLE GLOBAL PREVALENCE. THE ETIOLOGY OF PMS/PMDD IS COMPLEX. OVARIAN REPRODUCTIVE STEROIDS (ESTRADIOL AND PROGESTERONE) ARE CONSIDERED PATHOGENETIC EFFECTORS, BUT THE KEY FEATURE SEEMS TO BE AN ALTERED SENSITIVITY OF THE GABAERGIC CENTRAL INHIBITORY SYSTEM TO ALLOPREGNANOLONE, A NEUROSTEROID DERIVED FROM PROGESTERONE PRODUCED AFTER OVULATION. ALSO, A REDUCED AVAILABILITY OF SEROTONIN SEEMS TO BE INVOLVED. NEW INSIGHTS POINT TO A ROLE FOR GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS OF HORMONAL AND NEUROTRANSMITTER PATHWAYS, AND INFLAMMATION IS THE POTENTIAL LINK BETWEEN PERIPHERAL AND NEUROLOGICAL INTEGRATED RESPONSES TO STRESSORS. THUS, NEW THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES TO PMS/PMDD INCLUDE INHIBITION OF PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS IN THE BRAIN (I.E., WITH ULIPRISTAL ACETATE), REDUCED CONVERSION OF PROGESTERONE TO ITS METABOLITE ALLOPREGNANOLONE WITH DUTASTERIDE, AND POSSIBLE MODULATION OF THE ACTION OF ALLOPREGNANOLONE ON THE BRAIN GABAERGIC SYSTEM WITH SEPRANOLONE. FURTHER RESEARCH IS NEEDED TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THE INTERACTION BETWEEN PERIPHERAL INFLAMMATORY MOLECULES (CYTOKINES, INTERLEUKINS, C-REACTIVE PROTEIN, AND REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES) AND THE BRAIN NEUROTRANSMITTER SYSTEMS IN WOMEN WITH PMS/PMDD. IF CONFIRMED, NEUROINFLAMMATION COULD LEAD BOTH TO DEVELOP TARGETED ANTI-INFLAMMATORY THERAPIES AND TO DEFINE PREVENTION STRATEGIES FOR THE ASSOCIATED CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY RISK IN PMS/PMDD. FINALLY, THE OBSERVED ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PREMENSTRUAL DISORDERS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISEASES MAY GUIDE PROMPT AND ADEQUATE INTERVENTIONS TO ACHIEVE A BETTER QUALITY OF LIFE.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
19 6853 27 [NEUROBIOLOGY OF EARLY LIFE TRAUMATIC STRESS AND TRAUMA: PROLONGED NEUROENDOCRINE DYSREGULATION AS A NEURODEVELOPMENTAL RISK FACTOR]. EARLY LIFE STRESSORS DISPLAY A HIGH UNIVERSAL PREVALENCE AND CONSTITUTE A MAJOR PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM WITH TWO THIRDS OF YOUTH BEING EXPOSED TO POTENTIALLY TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCES BY THE AGE OF 17. TRAUMATIC STRESS EXPOSURE DURING CRITICAL PERIODS OF DEVELOPMENT MAY HAVE ESSENTIAL AND LONG-LASTING EFFECTS ON THE PHYSICAL AND MENTAL HEALTH OF INDIVIDUALS AND REPRESENTS A DEVELOPMENTAL RISK FACTOR MEDIATING RISK FOR DISEASE. EARLY-LIFE STRESS (ELS) AND CHILDHOOD TRAUMA (CT) CAN BOTH HAVE AN IMPACT ON SENSITIVE NEURONAL BRAIN NETWORKS INVOLVED IN STRESS REACTIONS, AND COULD EXERT A PROGRAMMING EFFECT ON GLUCOCORTICOID SIGNALING LEADING TO CHRONIC HYPER- OR HYPO-ACTIVATION OF THE STRESS SYSTEM. IN ADDITION, ALTERATIONS IN EMOTIONAL AND AUTONOMIC REACTIVITY, CIRCADIAN RHYTHM DISRUPTION, FUNCTIONAL AND STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE BRAIN, AS WELL AS IMMUNE AND METABOLIC DYSREGULATION HAVE BEEN LATELY IDENTIFIED AS IMPORTANT RISK FACTORS FOR A CHRONICALLY IMPAIRED HOMEOSTATIC BALANCE AFTER ELS/CT. FURTHERMORE, HUMAN GENETIC BACKGROUND AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS THROUGH STRESS-RELATED GENE EXPRESSION COULD INTERACT WITH THESE ALTERATIONS AND EXPLAIN INTER-INDIVIDUAL VARIATION IN VULNERABILITY OR RESILIENCE TO STRESS. THIS NARRATIVE REVIEW PRESENTS RELEVANT EVIDENCE FROM MAINLY HUMAN RESEARCH ON THE MOST ACKNOWLEDGED NEUROBIOLOGICAL ALLOSTATIC PATHWAYS EXERTING ENDURING ADVERSE EFFECTS OF ELS/CT EVEN DECADES LATER. FUTURE STUDIES SHOULD PROSPECTIVELY INVESTIGATE POTENTIAL CONFOUNDERS, THEIR TEMPORAL SEQUENCE AND COMBINED EFFECTS AT THE BIOLOGICAL LEVEL, WHILE CONSIDERING THE POTENTIALLY DELAYED TIME-FRAME FOR THE EXPRESSION OF THEIR EFFECTS. FINALLY, SCREENING STRATEGIES FOR ELS/CT AND TRAUMA NEED TO BE IMPROVED. INFORMATION ABOUT ELS/CT HISTORY AND THE NUMBER OF ADVERSE EXPERIENCES COULD HELP TO BETTER IDENTIFY THE INDIVIDUAL RISK FOR DISEASE DEVELOPMENT, PREDICT INDIVIDUAL TREATMENT RESPONSE AND DESIGN PREVENTION STRATEGIES TO REDUCE THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF ELS/CT.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
20 2597 18 EPIGENETICS OF SUBCELLULAR STRUCTURE FUNCTIONING IN THE ORIGIN OF RISK OR RESILIENCE TO COMORBIDITY OF NEUROPSYCHIATRIC AND CARDIOMETABOLIC DISORDERS. MECHANISMS CONTROLLING MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION, PROTEIN FOLDING IN THE ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) AND NUCLEAR PROCESSES SUCH AS TELOMERE LENGTH AND DNA REPAIR MAY BE SUBJECT TO EPIGENETIC CUES THAT RELATE THE GENOMIC EXPRESSION AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES IN EARLY STAGES OF LIFE. THEY MAY ALSO BE INVOLVED IN THE COMORBID APPEARANCE OF CARDIOMETABOLIC (CMD) AND NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS (NPD) DURING ADULTHOOD. MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION AND PROTEIN FOLDING IN THE ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM ARE ASSOCIATED WITH OXIDATIVE STRESS AND ELEVATED INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM LEVELS AND MAY ALSO UNDERLIE THE VULNERABILITY FOR COMORBID CMD AND NPD. MITOCHONDRIA PROVIDE KEY METABOLITES SUCH AS NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE (NAD+), ATP, ALPHA-KETOGLUTARATE AND ACETYL COENZYME A THAT ARE REQUIRED FOR MANY TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND EPIGENETIC PROCESSES. THEY ARE ALSO A SOURCE OF FREE RADICALS. ON THE OTHER HAND, EPIGENETIC MARKERS IN NUCLEAR DNA DETERMINE MITOCHONDRIAL BIOGENESIS. THE ER IS THE SUBCELLULAR ORGANELLE IN WHICH SECRETORY PROTEINS ARE FOLDED. MANY ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS STOP THE ABILITY OF CELLS TO PROPERLY FOLD PROTEINS AND MODIFY POST-TRANSLATIONALLY SECRETORY AND TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEINS LEADING TO ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM STRESS AND OXIDATIVE STRESS. ER FUNCTIONING MAY BE EPIGENETICALLY DETERMINED. CHRONIC ER STRESS IS EMERGING AS A KEY CONTRIBUTOR TO A GROWING LIST OF HUMAN DISEASES, INCLUDING CMD AND NPD. TELOMERE LOSS CAUSES CHROMOSOMAL FUSION, ACTIVATION OF THE CONTROL OF DNA DAMAGE-RESPONSES, UNSTABLE GENOME AND ALTERED STEM CELL FUNCTION, WHICH MAY UNDERLIE THE COMORBIDITY OF CMD AND NPD. THE LENGTH OF TELOMERES IS RELATED TO OXIDATIVE STRESS AND MAY BE EPIGENETICALLY PROGRAMMED. PATHWAYS INVOLVED IN DNA REPAIR MAY BE EPIGENETICALLY PROGRAMMED AND MAY CONTRIBUTE TO DISEASES. IN THIS PAPER, WE DESCRIBE SUBCELLULAR MECHANISMS THAT ARE DETERMINED BY EPIGENETIC MARKERS AND THEIR POSSIBLE RELATION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DEVELOP CMD AND NPD.	2018