1 6769 171 ["EDUCATION" IN AN AGE OF INCREASING EQUALITY--A PATH TOWARDS 'OCHLOCRACY"?]. A PHILOSOPHICAL AND SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS OF HOW THE CONCEPT OF EQUALITY HAS DEVELOPED FROM BIOLOGICAL, POLITICAL, SOCIOLOGICAL, SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND--NOT LEAST--CULTURAL POINTS OF VIEW. THE FOCUS HERE IS ON THE GERMAN CHRONIC SHORTAGE OF EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES CONTINUING FOR DECADES, A CULTURAL REVOLUTION WITHOUT ANY FORESEEABLE END. THESE REFLECTIONS ENCOMPASS A PERIOD OF AROUND TWO AND A HALF MILLENNIA, BEGINNING WITH THE ANCIENT GREEK STATE PHILOSOPHY, REACHING INTO OUR EPOCH OF ADVANCED GLOBALISATION WITH MOMENTOUS CHANGES IN WESTERN SOCIAL WELFARE STATES. IN CONSIDERATION OF A BIOCHEMICAL AND INTRINSIC INDIVIDUALITY BASED ON GENETIC AND EPI-GENETIC FACTORS, EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES ARE AN UNLIKELY PREREQUISITE IN EVOLUTION. WITH REGARD TO FREE EDUCATION, EQUALITY CAN ONLY BE A STARTING POINT SINCE, DUE TO INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES, EGALITARIAN AIMS OF EDUCATION WITHIN A "GROUP UNIVERSITY" CAN NEVER OPEN UP EQUALLY GOOD CHANCES TO EVERYBODY. BECAUSE OF A MISUNDERSTANDING OF EQUALITY, THE STUDENT REVOLT IN 1968 BROUGHT FORTH AN EGALITARIAN REMODELING OF SCHOOL AND UNIVERSITY CAREERS ACCOMPANIED BY A LEVELING, AMONG OTHER THINGS A "UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION FOR THE MASSES". INSTEAD OF "EDUCATIONAL KNOWLEDGE" BASED ON SCIENTIFIC NATURE, AN EDUCATION TOWARDS VOCATIONAL KNOWLEDGE AND REGULATION OF STUDIES TOOK PLACE. AT PRESENT, A SOCIALISTIC REVERSAL OF THE SCHOOL SYSTEM AIMED AT LEARNING TOGETHER IN ,COMMUNITY SCHOOLS" UNTIL THE 10TH GRADE IS IN PROGRESS. THE UNITY OF (PURE) RESEARCH AND TEACHING NO LONGER EXISTS. THE CHANGE IN THE SYSTEM SUPPORTED BY A WELFARE STATE WILL HAVE CONSEQUENCES IN WORLDWIDE COMPETITION. THE FINAL POINT OF THE CULTURAL REVOLUTION, FOLLOWING HISTORICAL EXAMPLES, COULD BE THE EMERGENCE OF A DEGENERATE FORM OF DEMOCRACY: OCHLOCRACY.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
2 6490  31 TRACING SLOW PHENOPTOSIS TO THE PRENATAL STAGE IN SOCIAL VERTEBRATES. VLADIMIR SKULACHEV'S COINING OF THE TERM "PHENOPTOSIS" 25 YEARS AGO (SKULACHEV, V. P., BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW), 62, 1997) HIGHLIGHTED THE THEORETICAL POSSIBILITY THAT AGING IS A PROGRAMMED PROCESS TO SPEED THE EXIT OF INDIVIDUALS POSING SOME DANGER TO THEIR SOCIAL GROUP. WHILE RAPID "ACUTE PHENOPTOSIS" MIGHT OCCUR AT ANY AGE (E.G., TO PREVENT SPREAD OF DEADLY INFECTIONS), "SLOW PHENOPTOSIS" IS GENERALLY CONSIDERED TO OCCUR LATER IN LIFE IN THE FORM OF CHRONIC AGE-RELATED DISORDERS. HOWEVER, RECENT RESEARCH INDICATES THAT RISKS FOR SUCH CHRONIC DISORDERS CAN BE GREATLY RAISED BY EARLY LIFE ADVERSITY, ESPECIALLY DURING THE PRENATAL STAGE. MUCH OF THIS RESEARCH USES INDICATORS OF BIOLOGICAL AGING, THE SPEEDING OR SLOWING OF NATURAL PHYSIOLOGICAL DETERIORATION IN RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL INPUTS, LEADING TO DIVERGENCE FROM CHRONOLOGICAL AGE. STUDIES USING BIOLOGICAL AGING INDICATORS COMMONLY FIND IT IS ACCELERATED NOT ONLY IN OLDER INDIVIDUALS WITH CHRONIC DISORDERS, BUT ALSO IN VERY YOUNG INDIVIDUALS WITH HEALTH PROBLEMS. THIS REVIEW WILL EXPLAIN HOW ACCELERATED BIOLOGICAL AGING EQUATES TO SLOW PHENOPTOSIS. ITS OCCURRENCE EVEN IN THE PRENATAL STAGE IS THEORETICALLY SUPPORTED BY W. D. HAMILTON'S PROPOSAL THAT OFFSPRINGS DETECTING THEY HAVE DANGEROUS MUTATIONS SHOULD THEN AUTOMATICALLY SPEED THEIR DEMISE, IN ORDER TO IMPROVE THEIR INCLUSIVE FITNESS BY GIVING THEIR PARENTS THE CHANCE TO PRODUCE OTHER FITTER SIBLINGS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
3 6911  20 [TWO GERMAN BIRTH COHORTS: GINIPLUS AND LISAPLUS]. NUMEROUS CHRONIC DISEASES IN CHILDHOOD AND ADULTHOOD HAVE THEIR ORIGINS IN PERINATAL LIFE AND ARE POTENTIALLY INFLUENCED BY TRANS-GENERATIONAL EPIGENETIC PROCESSES. THEREFORE, PROSPECTIVE BIRTH COHORTS CAN SUBSTANTIALLY CONTRIBUTE TO OUR KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE ETIOLOGY OF DISEASES INCLUDING MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS. THE TWO POPULATION-BASED GERMAN BIRTH COHORTS GINIPLUS AND LISAPLUS AIM TO DESCRIBE THE NATURAL COURSE OF CHRONIC DISEASES AND INTERMEDIATE PHENOTYPES IN CHILDHOOD AND ITS DETERMINANTS, AND TO IDENTIFY POTENTIAL GENETIC EFFECT MODIFICATIONS. IN THE MID-1990S, 5,991 (GINIPLUS) AND 3,097 (LISAPLUS) HEALTHY, TERM NEWBORNS WERE RECRUITED FOR LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP IN FOUR REGIONS OF GERMANY. THE FOLLOW-UP RATE FOR THE FIRST 10 YEARS WAS ABOUT 55%. WE ANALYZED THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF OVERWEIGHT, INFECTIONS AND ALLERGIC DISEASES, MENTAL AND ORAL HEALTH, METABOLIC AND INFLAMMATORY PARAMETERS AND THE ROLE OF POTENTIAL RISK FACTORS INCLUDING GENETICS. THE RESULTS OF THESE TWO BIRTH COHORTS SUBSTANTIALLY CONTRIBUTE TO THE CURRENT KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE NATURAL COURSE OF THESE HEALTH PARAMETERS. THESE DATA WERE INCLUDED IN MANY INTERNATIONAL PROJECTS AND CONSORTIA FOR PURPOSES OF INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS OF PREVALENCE AND CONSISTENCY OF FINDINGS, AND TO INCREASE THE POWER OF THE ANALYSES.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
4 6914  19 [VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY IN PREGNANCY AND ITS IMPACT ON THE FETUS, THE NEWBORN AND IN CHILDHOOD]. OBJECTIVE: VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY (VDD) IN PREGNANT WOMEN AND THEIR CHILDREN IS AN IMPORTANT HEALTH PROBLEM WITH SEVERE CONSEQUENCES FOR THE HEALTH OF BOTH. THUS, THE OBJECTIVES OF THIS REVIEW WERE TO REASSESS THE MAGNITUDE AND CONSEQUENCES OF VDD DURING PREGNANCY, LACTATION AND INFANCY, ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS, PREVENTION METHODS, AND TO EXPLORE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN EARLY FETAL LIFE CAPABLE OF EXPLAINING MANY OF THE NON-SKELETAL BENEFITS OF VITAMIN D (VID). DATA SOURCE: ORIGINAL AND REVIEW ARTICLES, AND CONSENSUS DOCUMENTS WITH ELEVATED LEVEL OF EVIDENCE FOR VDD-RELATED CLINICAL DECISIONS ON THE HEALTH OF PREGNANT WOMEN AND THEIR CHILDREN, AS WELL AS ARTICLES ON THE INFLUENCE OF VID ON EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS OF FETAL PROGRAMMING OF CHRONIC DISEASES IN ADULTHOOD WERE SELECTED AMONG ARTICLES PUBLISHED ON PUBMED OVER THE LAST 20 YEARS, USING THE SEARCH TERM VITD STATUS, IN COMBINATION WITH PREGNANCY, OFFSPRING HEALTH, CHILD OUTCOMES, AND PROGRAMMING. DATA SYNTHESIS: THE FOLLOWING ITEMS WERE ANALYZED: VID PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM, RISK FACTORS FOR VDD AND IMPLICATIONS IN PREGNANCY, LACTATION AND INFANCY, CONCENTRATION CUTOFF TO DEFINE VDD, THE VARIABILITY OF METHODS FOR VDD DETECTION, RECOMMENDATIONS ON VID REPLACEMENT IN PREGNANT WOMEN, THE NEWBORN AND THE CHILD, AND THE EPIGENETIC INFLUENCE OF VID. CONCLUSIONS: VDD IS A COMMON CONDITION AMONG HIGH-RISK PREGNANT WOMEN AND THEIR CHILDREN. THE ROUTINE MONITORING OF SERUM 25(OH)D3 LEVELS IN ANTENATAL PERIOD IS MANDATORY. EARLY PREVENTIVE MEASURES SHOULD BE TAKEN AT THE SLIGHTEST SUSPICION OF VDD IN PREGNANT WOMEN, TO REDUCE MORBIDITY DURING PREGNANCY AND LACTATION, AS WELL AS ITS SUBSEQUENT IMPACT ON THE FETUS, THE NEWBORN AND THE CHILD.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
5 5814  18 STRESS AND FELINE HEALTH. IN THE HEALTH SCIENCES, STRESS OFTEN IS DEFINED IN TERMS OF STRESSORS; EVENTS THAT ARE PERCEIVED AS THREATS TO ONE'S PERCEPTION OF CONTROL. FROM THIS PERSPECTIVE, A STRESSOR IS ANYTHING THAT ACTIVATES THE CENTRAL THREAT RESPONSE SYSTEM (CTRS). RECENT RESEARCH SHOWS THAT THE CTRS CAN BE SENSITIZED TO ENVIRONMENTAL EVENTS THROUGH EPIGENETIC MODULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION. WHEN CTRS ACTIVATION IS CHRONIC, HEALTH AND WELFARE MAY BE HARMED. ENVIRONMENTAL MODIFICATION CAN MITIGATE THE HARMFUL EFFECTS OF CHRONIC CTRS ACTIVATION BY REDUCING THE INDIVIDUAL'S PERCEPTION OF THREAT AND INCREASING ITS PERCEPTION OF CONTROL, WHICH IMPROVES HEALTH AND WELFARE.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
6 4834  28 ON THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN THE MEDICINE OF HILDEGARD OF BINGEN AND MODERN MEDICINE: THE ROLE OF ESTROGEN RECEPTOR AS AN EXAMPLE OF BIODYNAMIC INTERFACE FOR STUDYING THE CHRONIC DISEASE'S COMPLEXITY. INTRODUCTION: HILDEGARD OF BINGEN (1098-1179) INTERPRETED THE ORIGINS OF CHRONIC DISEASE HIGHLIGHTING AND ANTICIPATING, ALTHOUGH ONLY IN A LIMITED FASHION, THE IMPORTANCE THAT COMPLEX INTERACTIONS AMONG NUMEROUS GENETIC, INTERNAL MILIEU AND EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS HAVE IN DETERMINING THE DISEASE PHENOTYPE. TODAY, WE RECOGNIZE THOSE FACTORS, CAPABLE OF MEDIATING THE TRANSMISSION OF MESSAGES BETWEEN HUMAN BODY AND ENVIRONMENT AND VICE VERSA, AS BIODYNAMIC INTERFACES. AIM: WE ANALYZED, IN THE LIGHT OF MODERN SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE, HILDEGARD OF BINGEN'S MEDICAL APPROACH AND HER ORIGINAL HUMORAL THEORY IN ORDER TO IDENTIFY POSSIBLE INSIGHTS INCLUDED IN HER MEDICINE THAT COULD BE REFERRED TO IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE. IN PARTICULAR, THE ABBESS'S HUMORAL THEORY SUGGESTS THE IDENTIFICATION OF BIODYNAMIC INTERFACES WITH SEX HORMONES AND THEIR RECEPTORS. FINDINGS: WE FOUND THAT THE HILDEGARDIAN HOLISTIC VISION OF THE ORGANISM-ENVIRONMENT RELATIONSHIP CAN ACTUALLY REPRESENT A VISIONARY APPROACH TO MODERN ENDOCRINOLOGY AND THAT SEX HORMONES, IN PARTICULAR ESTROGENS, COULD REPRESENT AN EXAMPLE OF A BIODYNAMIC INTERFACE. ESTROGEN RECEPTORS ARE FOUND IN REGIONS OF THE BRAIN INVOLVED IN EMOTIONAL AND COGNITIVE REGULATION, CONTROLLING THE MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF BRAIN FUNCTION. ESTROGEN RECEPTORS ARE INVOLVED IN THE REGULATION OF THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS AND IN THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF RESPONSES TO PHYSIOLOGICAL, SOCIAL, AND HORMONAL STIMULI. FURTHERMORE, ESTROGEN AFFECTS GENE METHYLATION ON ITS OWN AND RELATED RECEPTOR PROMOTERS IN DISCRETE REGIONS OF THE DEVELOPING BRAIN. THIS SCENARIO WAS STRIKINGLY PERCEIVED BY THE ABBESS IN THE XIITH CENTURY, AND DEPICTED AS A COMPLEX INTERPLAY AMONG DIFFERENT HUMORS AND FLEGMATA THAT SHE RECOGNIZED TO BE SEX SPECIFIC AND ENVIRONMENTALLY REGULATED. VIEWPOINT: CONSIDERING THE FUNCTION PLAYED BY HORMONES, ANALYZED THROUGH THE LAST SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE, AND SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE ON BIODYNAMIC INTERFACES, WE COULD SUGGEST HILDEGARDIAN INSIGHTS AND THEORIES AS THE FIRST ATTEMPT TO DESCRIBE THE MODERN HOLISTIC, SEX-BASED MEDICINE. CONCLUSION: HILDEGARD ANTICIPATED A CONCEPT OF PATHOGENESIS THAT SEES A CENTRAL ROLE FOR ENDOCRINOLOGY IN SEX-SPECIFIC DISEASE. FURTHERMORE, ESTROGENS AND ESTROGEN RECEPTORS COULD REPRESENT A GOOD EXAMPLE OF MOLECULAR INTERFACES CAPABLE OF MODULATING THE INTERACTION BETWEEN THE ORGANISM INTERNAL MILIEU AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS.	2022	

7 3899  24 LATE NEUROLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF ZIKA VIRUS INFECTION: RISK FACTORS AND PHARMACEUTICAL APPROACHES. ZIKA VIRUS (ZIKV) INFECTION WAS HISTORICALLY CONSIDERED A DISEASE WITH MILD SYMPTOMS AND NO MAJOR CONSEQUENCES TO HUMAN HEALTH. HOWEVER, SEVERAL LONG-TERM, LATE ONSET, AND CHRONIC NEUROLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS, BOTH IN CONGENITALLY-EXPOSED BABIES AND IN ADULT PATIENTS, HAVE BEEN REPORTED AFTER ZIKV INFECTION, ESPECIALLY AFTER THE 2015 EPIDEMICS IN THE AMERICAN CONTINENT. THE DEVELOPMENT OR SEVERITY OF THESE CONDITIONS CANNOT BE FULLY PREDICTED, BUT IT IS POSSIBLE THAT GENETIC, EPIGENETIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS MAY CONTRIBUTE TO DETERMINE ZIKV INFECTION OUTCOMES. THIS REINFORCES THE IMPORTANCE THAT INDIVIDUALS EXPOSED TO ZIKV ARE SUBMITTED TO LONG-TERM CLINICAL SURVEILLANCE AND HIGHLIGHTS THE URGENT NEED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES TO REDUCE OR ELIMINATE THE NEUROLOGICAL BURDEN OF INFECTION. HERE, WE REVIEW THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ZIKV-ASSOCIATED NEUROLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS AND THE ROLE OF FACTORS THAT MAY INFLUENCE DISEASE OUTCOME. MOREOVER, WE DISCUSS EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL EVIDENCE OF DRUGS THAT HAVE SHOWN PROMISING RESULTS IN VITRO OR IN VITRO AGAINST VIRAL REPLICATION AND AND/OR ZIKV-INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
8 4465  33 MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD) AS A BASIS FOR INDIVIDUALIZED AND PERSONALIZED THERAPY: RATIONALE, DESIGN AND METHODS OF THE SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE (SEE)-PTSD STUDY. POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD) IS A MAJOR HEALTH PROBLEM IN SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE (SEE). AVAILABLE TREATMENT OPTIONS ARE NOT EFFICIENT ENOUGH AND THE COURSE IS OFTEN CHRONIC. LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT MOLECULAR MEDIATORS AND MODERATORS OF PATHOGENESIS AND THERAPY. GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC VARIATION MAY BE ONE CENTRAL MOLECULAR MECHANISM. WE THEREFORE ESTABLISHED A CONSORTIUM COMBINING CLINICAL EXPERTISE ON PTSD FROM SEE COUNTRIES BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA (SARAJEVO, TUZLA AND MOSTAR), KOSOVO (PRISHTINA) AND CROATIA (ZAGREB) WITH GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC COMPETENCE FROM GERMANY (WURZBURG) IN 2011 WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE DAAD (DEUTSCHER AKADEMISCHER AUSTAUSCHDIENST)-FUNDED STABILITY PACT FOR SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE. AFTER OBTAINING ETHICAL VOTES AND PERFORMING RATER TRAININGS AS WELL AS TRAINING IN DNA EXTRACTION FROM EDTA BLOOD BETWEEN 2011 AND 2013, WE RECRUITED 747 INDIVIDUALS WHO HAD EXPERIENCED WAR-RELATED TRAUMA IN THE SEE CONFLICTS BETWEEN 1991 AND 1999. 236 PARTICIPANTS HAD CURRENT PTSD, 161 LIFETIME PTSD AND 350 DID NOT HAVE AND NEVER HAD PTSD. DEMOGRAPHIC AND CLINICAL DATA ARE CURRENTLY MERGED TOGETHER WITH GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC DATA IN A SINGLE DATABASE TO ALLOW FOR A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE OF GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC VARIATION IN THE PATHOGENESIS AND THERAPY OF PTSD. ANALYSES WILL BE DONE TO A GREAT DEGREE BY PHD STUDENTS FROM PARTICIPATING SEE CENTERS WHO IN ADDITION TO PARTICIPATION IN THE PROJECT HAD AN OPPORTUNITY TO TAKE PART IN SPRING AND SUMMER SCHOOLS OF THE DFG (DEUTSCHE FORSCHUNGSGEMEINSCHAFT) FUNDED RESEARCH TRAINING GROUP (RTG) 1253 AND THUS MEET PHD STUDENTS FROM GERMANY AND OTHER COUNTRIES WE ARE CONFIDENT THAT OUR PROJECT WILL NOT ONLY CONTRIBUTE TO A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS OF PTSD AS A BASIS FOR FUTURE INDIVIDUALIZED AND PERSONALIZED THERAPIES, BUT ALSO TO THE ACADEMIC DEVELOPMENT OF SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
9  645  22 BIRTH DEFECTS IN GAZA: PREVALENCE, TYPES, FAMILIARITY AND CORRELATION WITH ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS. THIS IS THE FIRST REPORT OF REGISTRATION AT BIRTH, AND OF INCIDENCE OF MAJOR STRUCTURAL BIRTH DEFECTS (BD) OBTAINED IN GAZA AT AL SHIFA HOSPITAL, WHERE 28% OF TOTAL BIRTHS IN GAZA STRIP OCCUR. DOCTORS REGISTERED 4,027 DELIVERIES, WITH A PROTOCOL COMPREHENSIVE OF CLINICAL, DEMOGRAPHIC, KIN AND ENVIRONMENTAL QUESTIONS. PREVALENCE OF BD IS 14/1,000, WITHOUT ASSOCIATION WITH INTERMARRIAGE OR GENDER OF THE CHILD. PREVALENCE OF LATE MISCARRIAGES AND STILL BIRTHS ARE RESPECTIVELY 23.3/1,000 AND 7.4/1,000, AND OF PREMATURE BIRTHS 19.6/1,000. COUPLES WITH A BD CHILD HAVE ABOUT 10 TIMES HIGHER FREQUENCY OF RECURRENCE OF A BD IN THEIR PROGENY THAN THOSE WITH NORMAL CHILDREN, BUT NONE OF THEIR 694 SIBLINGS AND ONLY 10/1,000 OF THEIR 1,423 PROGENY HAD BD, SIMILAR TO THE FREQUENCY IN GENERAL POPULATION. THESE DATA SUGGEST OCCURRENCE OF NOVEL GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC EVENTS IN DETERMINATION OF BD. CHILDREN WITH BD WERE BORN WITH HIGHER FREQUENCY (P < 0 001) IN FAMILIES WHERE ONE OR BOTH PARENTS WERE UNDER "WHITE PHOSPHORUS" ATTACK, THAT IN THE GENERAL POPULATION. BOMBING OF THE FAMILY HOME AND REMOVAL OF THE RUBBLE WERE ALSO FREQUENTLY REPORTED BY COUPLES WITH BD OCCURRENCE. THESE DATA SUGGESTS A CAUSATIVE/FAVORING ROLE OF ACUTE EXPOSURE OF PARENTS TO THE WEAPONS-ASSOCIATED CONTAMINANTS, AND/OR OF THEIR CHRONIC EXPOSURE FROM THEIR PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT ON THE EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT OF THEIR CHILDREN.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
10 3883  25 KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF CARCINOGENS AS A BASIS FOR ORGANIZING DATA ON MECHANISMS OF CARCINOGENESIS. BACKGROUND: A RECENT REVIEW BY THE INTERNATIONAL AGENCY FOR RESEARCH ON CANCER (IARC) UPDATED THE ASSESSMENTS OF THE > 100 AGENTS CLASSIFIED AS GROUP 1, CARCINOGENIC TO HUMANS (IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 100, PARTS A-F). THIS EXERCISE WAS COMPLICATED BY THE ABSENCE OF A BROADLY ACCEPTED, SYSTEMATIC METHOD FOR EVALUATING MECHANISTIC DATA TO SUPPORT CONCLUSIONS REGARDING HUMAN HAZARD FROM EXPOSURE TO CARCINOGENS. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: IARC THEREFORE CONVENED TWO WORKSHOPS IN WHICH AN INTERNATIONAL WORKING GROUP OF EXPERTS IDENTIFIED 10 KEY CHARACTERISTICS, ONE OR MORE OF WHICH ARE COMMONLY EXHIBITED BY ESTABLISHED HUMAN CARCINOGENS. DISCUSSION: THESE CHARACTERISTICS PROVIDE THE BASIS FOR AN OBJECTIVE APPROACH TO IDENTIFYING AND ORGANIZING RESULTS FROM PERTINENT MECHANISTIC STUDIES. THE 10 CHARACTERISTICS ARE THE ABILITIES OF AN AGENT TO 1) ACT AS AN ELECTROPHILE EITHER DIRECTLY OR AFTER METABOLIC ACTIVATION; 2) BE GENOTOXIC; 3) ALTER DNA REPAIR OR CAUSE GENOMIC INSTABILITY; 4) INDUCE EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS; 5) INDUCE OXIDATIVE STRESS; 6) INDUCE CHRONIC INFLAMMATION; 7) BE IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE; 8) MODULATE RECEPTOR-MEDIATED EFFECTS; 9) CAUSE IMMORTALIZATION; AND 10) ALTER CELL PROLIFERATION, CELL DEATH, OR NUTRIENT SUPPLY. CONCLUSION: WE DESCRIBE THE USE OF THE 10 KEY CHARACTERISTICS TO CONDUCT A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE SEARCH FOCUSED ON RELEVANT END POINTS AND CONSTRUCT A GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF THE IDENTIFIED MECHANISTIC INFORMATION. NEXT, WE USE BENZENE AND POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS AS EXAMPLES TO ILLUSTRATE HOW THIS APPROACH MAY WORK IN PRACTICE. THE APPROACH DESCRIBED IS SIMILAR IN MANY RESPECTS TO THOSE CURRENTLY BEING IMPLEMENTED BY THE U.S. EPA'S INTEGRATED RISK INFORMATION SYSTEM PROGRAM AND THE U.S. NATIONAL TOXICOLOGY PROGRAM. CITATION: SMITH MT, GUYTON KZ, GIBBONS CF, FRITZ JM, PORTIER CJ, RUSYN I, DEMARINI DM, CALDWELL JC, KAVLOCK RJ, LAMBERT P, HECHT SS, BUCHER JR, STEWART BW, BAAN R, COGLIANO VJ, STRAIF K. 2016. KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF CARCINOGENS AS A BASIS FOR ORGANIZING DATA ON MECHANISMS OF CARCINOGENESIS. ENVIRON HEALTH PERSPECT 124:713-721; HTTP://DX.DOI.ORG/10.1289/EHP.1509912.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
11  227  19 ADAPTATION OF AN OUTBREAKING INSECT DEFOLIATOR TO CHRONIC NUTRITIONAL STRESS. DURING INSECT OUTBREAKS, THE HIGH NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS FEEDING ON ITS HOST PLANT CAUSES A DEPLETION OF THE FOOD SOURCE. REDUCED AVAILABILITY AND DECREASED QUALITY OF NUTRIENTS NEGATIVELY INFLUENCE LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS OF INSECTS DRIVING THEM TO DEVELOP ADAPTIVE STRATEGIES TO PERSIST IN THE ENVIRONMENT. IN A LABORATORY EXPERIMENT WITH THREE REPETITIONS, WE TESTED THE EFFECT OF CHRONIC NUTRITIONAL STRESS ON SPRUCE BUDWORM PERFORMANCE DURING THREE GENERATIONS TO DETERMINE THE ADAPTIVE STRATEGIES EMPLOYED BY THE INSECT TO DEAL WITH A SELECTION PRESSURE PRODUCED BY LOW-QUALITY DIET. OUR RESULTS SHOW THAT ALL TESTED LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS (MORTALITY, DEVELOPMENTAL TIME, PUPAL MASS, GROWTH RATE AND FEMALE FECUNDITY) BUT FEMALE FERTILITY WERE NEGATIVELY INFLUENCED BY THE LOW-QUALITY DIET SIMULATING FOOD DEPLETION DURING OUTBREAK CONDITIONS. HOWEVER, ESPECIALLY FEMALES IN THE THIRD GENERATION UNDER CHRONIC NUTRITIONAL STRESS SHOW AN ADAPTIVE RESPONSE IN LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS WHEN COMPARED TO THOSE REARED ONLY ONE GENERATION ON LOW-QUALITY DIET. LARVAL DEVELOPMENTAL TIME SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED AND PUPAL MASS, GROWTH RATE AND FECUNDITY SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED. THE STUDY DEMONSTRATES THE CAPACITY OF SPRUCE BUDWORM TO REACT TO CHRONIC NUTRITIONAL STRESS WITH ADAPTATIONS THAT MAY BE CAUSED BY EPIGENETIC PARENTAL EFFECTS. THIS INFORMATION CAN HELP TO UNDERSTAND THE COURSE OF AN OUTBREAK ESPECIALLY AT PEAK DENSITIES AND DURING THE COLLAPSE.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
12 5154  27 PRAKRITI-BASED MEDICINE: A STEP TOWARDS PERSONALIZED MEDICINE. THE CONCEPT OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE HAS BEEN AROUND FOR AS LONG AS PEOPLE HAVE BEEN PRACTICING MEDICINE. FROM CHARAKA TO HIPPOCRATES, ALL HAVE PRACTICED THE PERSONALIZED APPROACH FOR TREATING A DISEASE. IN THE 21(ST) CENTURY, PERSONALIZED MEDICINE IS ALL ABOUT DNA. WHEREAS THE SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM (SNP) AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS INFLUENCE DRUG RESPONSE AND FORM THE BASIS OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE, THE TRIDOSHA THEORY FORMS THE BASIS OF PRAKRITI-BASED MEDICINE. IT IS WELL ESTABLISHED BY NOW THAT WESTERN ALLOPATHIC MEDICINE IS EXCELLENT IN HANDLING ACUTE MEDICAL CRISES, WHEREAS AYURVEDA HAS SUCCESSFULLY DEMONSTRATED AN ABILITY TO MANAGE CHRONIC DISORDERS THAT WESTERN MEDICINE HAS BEEN UNABLE TO CURE. WITH EFFECTIVE INTEGRATION OF 'OMICS' PRAKRITI-BASED MEDICINE CAN PLAY A VITAL ROLE IN THIS CHANGING SCENARIO OF GLOBAL HEALTH WISDOM AS AYURVEDA OFFERS ITS MODALITIES BY WAY OF AHARA (DIET), VIHARA (LIFESTYLE), AND AUSHADHI (MEDICATION), WHICH ARE THE THREE PILLARS OF PRAKRITI-BASED MEDICINE MAKING IT A HOLISTIC SCIENCE. PRAKRITI-BASED MEDICINE AND OTHER TRADITIONAL MEDICINE SYSTEMS HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO OFFER REMEDIES TO THE CHALLENGING HEALTH ISSUES LIKE ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS, DRUG WITHDRAWALS, AND ECONOMIC DISPARITIES AMONG FEW. AN INTEGRATIVE GLOBAL APPROACH COULD DO WONDERS TO HEALTH SCIENCES BENEFITING A BROAD SPECTRUM OF PATIENTS.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
13 6484  21 TOXICOLOGIC PROFILE OF ACRYLONITRILE. ACRYLONITRILE IS A MONOMER USED EXTENSIVELY AS A RAW MATERIAL IN THE MANUFACTURING OF ACRYLIC FIBERS, PLASTICS, SYNTHETIC RUBBERS, AND ACRYLAMIDE. IT HAS BEEN CLASSIFIED AS A PROBABLE HUMAN CARCINOGEN ACCORDING TO THE RESULTS OF NUMEROUS CHRONIC RAT BIOASSAYS. THE PRESENT REPORT SUMMARIZES THE TOXICITY DATA ON ACRYLONITRILE AND REVIEWS AVAILABLE DATA CONCERNING THE MECHANISM (GENETIC VERSUS EPIGENETIC) BY WHICH ACRYLONITRILE IS CARCINOGENIC IN RATS. FROM THE EVALUATION OF THE RELEVANT TOXICITY DATA, IT CAN BE CONCLUDED THAT ACRYLONITRILE IS INDEED CARCINOGENIC TO RATS AFTER EITHER ORAL OR INHALATIONAL EXPOSURE. HOWEVER, INFORMATION ON OTHER MAMMALIAN SPECIES IS LACKING, AND, MOREOVER, THE EXACT MECHANISM OF THE CARCINOGENIC PROCESS IS UNCLEAR. THEREFORE, IT IS RECOMMENDED TO CONDUCT AN ADDITIONAL LONG-TERM INHALATION CARCINOGENICITY STUDY WITH ACRYLONITRILE IN MICE, AS WELL AS STUDIES INTO THE MECHANISM BY WHICH ACRYLONITRILE INDUCES (BRAIN) TUMORS IN RATS (GENETIC VERSUS EPIGENETIC).	1998	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
14 4019  29 LOW-DOSE OR LOW-DOSE-RATE IONIZING RADIATION-INDUCED BIOEFFECTS IN ANIMAL MODELS. ANIMAL EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES INDICATE THAT ACUTE OR CHRONIC LOW-DOSE IONIZING RADIATION (LDIR) (</=100 MSV) OR LOW-DOSE-RATE IONIZING RADIATION (LDRIR) (<6 MSV/H) EXPOSURES MAY BE HARMFUL. IT INDUCES GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES AND IS ASSOCIATED WITH A RANGE OF PHYSIOLOGICAL DISTURBANCES THAT INCLUDES ALTERED IMMUNE SYSTEM, ABNORMAL BRAIN DEVELOPMENT WITH RESULTANT COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT, CATARACTOGENESIS, ABNORMAL EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT, CIRCULATORY DISEASES, WEIGHT GAIN, PREMATURE MENOPAUSE IN FEMALE ANIMALS, TUMORIGENESIS AND SHORTENED LIFESPAN. PATERNAL OR PRENATAL LDIR/LDRIR EXPOSURE IS ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCED FERTILITY AND NUMBER OF LIVE FETUSES, AND TRANSGENERATIONAL GENOMIC ABERRATIONS. ON THE OTHER HAND, IN SOME EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES, LDIR/LDRIR EXPOSURE HAS ALSO BEEN REPORTED TO BRING ABOUT BENEFICIAL EFFECTS SUCH AS REDUCTION IN TUMORIGENESIS, PROLONGED LIFESPAN AND ENHANCED FERTILITY. THE DIFFERENCES IN REPORTED EFFECTS OF LDIR/LDRIR EXPOSURE ARE DEPENDENT ON ANIMAL GENETIC BACKGROUND (SUSCEPTIBILITY), AGE (PRENATAL OR POSTNATAL DAYS), SEX, NATURE OF RADIATION EXPOSURE (I.E. ACUTE, FRACTIONATED OR CHRONIC RADIATION EXPOSURE), TYPE OF RADIATION, COMBINATION OF RADIATION WITH OTHER TOXIC AGENTS (SUCH AS SMOKING, PESTICIDES OR OTHER CHEMICAL TOXINS) OR ANIMAL EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS. IN THIS REVIEW PAPER, WE AIMED TO UPDATE RADIATION RESEARCHERS AND RADIOLOGISTS ON THE CURRENT PROGRESS ACHIEVED IN UNDERSTANDING THE LDIR/LDRIR-INDUCED BIONEGATIVE AND BIOPOSITIVE EFFECTS REPORTED IN THE VARIOUS ANIMAL MODELS. THE ROLES PLAYED BY A VARIETY OF MOLECULES THAT ARE IMPLICATED IN LDIR/LDRIR-INDUCED HEALTH EFFECTS WILL BE ELABORATED. THE REVIEW WILL HELP IN FUTURE INVESTIGATIONS OF LDIR/LDRIR-INDUCED HEALTH EFFECTS BY PROVIDING CLUES FOR DESIGNING IMPROVED ANIMAL RESEARCH MODELS IN ORDER TO CLARIFY THE CURRENT CONTROVERSIAL/CONTRADICTORY FINDINGS FROM EXISTING STUDIES.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
15 5213  24 PRESYMPTOMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT FOR CHRONIC NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES. THE PREVALENCE OF COMMON CHRONIC NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES (CNCDS) FAR OVERSHADOWS THE PREVALENCE OF BOTH MONOGENIC AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES COMBINED. ALL CNCDS, ALSO CALLED COMPLEX GENETIC DISEASES, HAVE A HERITABLE GENETIC COMPONENT THAT CAN BE USED FOR PRE-SYMPTOMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT. COMMON SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS (SNPS) THAT TAG RISK HAPLOTYPES ACROSS THE GENOME CURRENTLY ACCOUNT FOR A NON-TRIVIAL PORTION OF THE GERM-LINE GENETIC RISK AND WE WILL LIKELY CONTINUE TO IDENTIFY THE REMAINING MISSING HERITABILITY IN THE FORM OF RARE VARIANTS, COPY NUMBER VARIANTS AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS. HERE, WE DESCRIBE A NOVEL MEASURE FOR CALCULATING THE LIFETIME RISK OF A DISEASE, CALLED THE GENETIC COMPOSITE INDEX (GCI), AND DEMONSTRATE ITS PREDICTIVE VALUE AS A CLINICAL CLASSIFIER. THE GCI ONLY CONSIDERS SUMMARY STATISTICS OF THE EFFECTS OF GENETIC VARIATION AND HENCE DOES NOT REQUIRE THE RESULTS OF LARGE-SCALE STUDIES SIMULTANEOUSLY ASSESSING MULTIPLE RISK FACTORS. COMBINING GCI SCORES WITH ENVIRONMENTAL RISK INFORMATION PROVIDES AN ADDITIONAL TOOL FOR CLINICAL DECISION-MAKING. THE GCI CAN BE POPULATED WITH HERITABLE RISK INFORMATION OF ANY TYPE, AND THUS REPRESENTS A FRAMEWORK FOR CNCD PRE-SYMPTOMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT THAT CAN BE POPULATED AS ADDITIONAL RISK INFORMATION IS IDENTIFIED THROUGH NEXT-GENERATION TECHNOLOGIES.	2010	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
16 5353  30 RE-EVALUATION OF POLIHEXANIDE USE IN WOUND ANTISEPSIS IN ORDER TO CLARIFY AMBIGUITIES OF TWO ANIMAL STUDIES. OBJECTIVE: DUE TO CLASSIFICATION OF THE AGENT POLIHEXANIDE (PHMB) IN CATEGORY 2 'MAY CAUSE CANCER' BY THE COMMITTEE FOR RISK ASSESSMENT OF THE EUROPEAN CHEMICALS AGENCY IN 2011, THE USERS OF WOUND ANTISEPTICS MAY BE HIGHLY CONFUSED. IN 2017, THIS STATEMENT WAS UPDATED, DEFINING PHMB UP TO 0.1% AS A PRESERVATIVE SAFE IN ALL COSMETIC PRODUCTS. IN THE INTEREST OF PATIENT SAFETY, A SCIENTIFIC CLARIFICATION OF THE POTENTIAL CARCINOGENICITY OF PHMB IS NECESSARY. METHODS: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY TEAM (MDT) OF MICROBIOLOGISTS, SURGEONS, DERMATOLOGISTS AND BIOCHEMISTS CONDUCTED A BENEFIT-RISK ASSESSMENT TO CLARIFY THE HAZARD OF ANTISEPTIC USE OF PHMB. RESULTS: IN TWO ANIMAL STUDIES, FROM WHICH THE ASSESSMENT OF A CARCINOGENIC RISK WAS DERIVED, PHMB WAS ADMINISTERED ORALLY OVER TWO YEARS IN EXTREMELY HIGH CONCENTRATIONS FAR ABOVE THE NO(A)EL (NO-OBSERVED-(ADVERSE-) EFFECT LEVEL) IN RATS AND MICE. FEEDING IN THE NO(A)EL RANGE RESULTED IN NO ABNORMAL EFFECTS. IN ONE MALE IN THE HIGHEST DOSE GROUP OF 4000PPM PHMB, AN ADENOCARCINOMA WAS FOUND, WHICH THE AUTHOR ATTRIBUTED TO CHRONIC INFLAMMATION OF THE COLON WITH SYSTEMIC ATYPICAL EXPOSURE. THE INCREASING INCIDENCE OF HEMANGIOSARCOMAS HIGHLY PROBABLY RESULTED FROM INCREASED ENDOTHELIAL PROLIFERATION, TRIGGERED BY THE EXCEEDINGLY HIGH DOSAGE FED, BECAUSE PHMB IS NOT GENOTOXIC AND THERE IS NO EVIDENCE FOR EPIGENETIC EFFECTS. DISCUSSION: IT IS WELL KNOWN THAT PHMB IS NOT ABSORBED WHEN APPLIED TOPICALLY. CONSIDERING THE ABSENCE OF GENOTOXICITY AND EPIGENETIC EFFECTS TOGETHER WITH THE INTERPRETATION OF THE ANIMAL STUDIES, IT IS THE CONSENSUS OF THE MULTIDISCIPLINARY EXPERTS THAT A CARCINOGENIC RISK FROM PHMB-USE FOR WOUND ANTISEPSIS CAN BE RULED OUT. CONCLUSION: ON THIS BASIS AND CONSIDERING THEIR EFFECTIVENESS, TOLERABILITY AND CLINICAL EVIDENCE, THE INDICATIONS FOR PHMB BASED WOUND ANTISEPTICS ARE JUSTIFIED.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
17 1109  23 COMMERCIAL PROCESSED SOY-BASED FOOD PRODUCT CONTAINS GLYCATED AND GLYCOXIDATED LUNASIN PROTEOFORMS. NUTRACEUTICALS HAVE BEEN PROPOSED TO EXERT POSITIVE EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH AND CONFER PROTECTION AGAINST MANY CHRONIC DISEASES. A MAJOR BIOACTIVE COMPONENT OF SOY-BASED FOODS IS LUNASIN PEPTIDE, WHICH HAS POTENTIAL TO EXERT A MAJOR IMPACT ON THE HEALTH OF HUMAN CONSUMERS WORLDWIDE, BUT THE BIOCHEMICAL FEATURES OF DIETARY LUNASIN STILL REMAIN POORLY CHARACTERIZED. IN THIS STUDY, LUNASIN WAS PURIFIED FROM A SOY-BASED FOOD PRODUCT VIA STRONG ANION EXCHANGE SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION AND THEN SUBJECTED TO TOP-DOWN MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS THAT REVEALED IN DETAIL THE MOLECULAR DIVERSITY OF LUNASIN IN PROCESSED SOYBEAN FOODS. WE DETECTED MULTIPLE GLYCATED PROTEOFORMS TOGETHER WITH POTENTIALLY TOXIC ADVANCED GLYCATION END PRODUCTS (AGES) DERIVED FROM LUNASIN. IN BOTH CASES, MODIFICATION SITES WERE LYS24 AND LYS29 LOCATED AT THE HELICAL REGION THAT SHOWS STRUCTURAL HOMOLOGY WITH A CONSERVED REGION OF CHROMATIN-BINDING PROTEINS. THE IDENTIFIED POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS MAY HAVE AN IMPORTANT REPERCUSSION ON LUNASIN EPIGENETIC REGULATORY CAPACITY. TAKING TOGETHER, OUR RESULTS DEMONSTRATE THE IMPORTANCE OF PROPER CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF COMMERCIAL PROCESSED FOOD PRODUCTS TO ASSESS THEIR IMPACT ON CONSUMER'S HEALTH AND RISK OF CHRONIC DISEASES.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
18 6815  18 [EVOLUTIONARY ONTOGENETIC ASPECTS OF PATHOGENETICS OF CHRONIC HUMAN DISEASES]. THIS ARTICLE IS A REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS, IN WHICH ISSUES OF PATHOGENETICS OF MULTIFACTORIAL DISEASES (MFDS) ARE CONSIDERED FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF EVOLUTION AND ONTOGENY. CONCEPTS EXPLAINING SIGNIFICANCE OF EVOLUTIONARY PROCESSES IN THE FORMATION OF GENETIC ARCHITECTURE OF HUMAN CHRONIC DISEASES ("THRIFTY" GENOMES AND PHENOTYPES, "DRIFTING GENES," DECANALIZATION) ARE ANALYZED. THE ROLES OF NATURAL SELECTION AND GENETIC DRIFT IN THE FORMATION OF HEREDITARY DIVERSITY OF GENES FOR SUSCEPTIBILITY TO MFDS ARE CONSIDERED. THE MODERN CONCEPT OF DISEASE ONTOGENY (SOMATIC MOSAICISM, LOSS OFHETEROZYGOSITY, PARADOMINANT INHERITANCE, EPIGENETIC VARIABILITY) IS DISCUSSED. IT IS DEMONSTRATED THAT THE EVOLUTIONARY AND ONTOGENETIC APPROACHES TO ANALYSIS OF GENIMUC AND OTHER "-OMIC" DATA ARE ESSENTIAL FOR UNDERSTANDING THE BIOLOGY OF DISEASES.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
19 6433  23 THE VINDICATION OF LAMARCK? EPIGENETICS AT THE INTERSECTION OF LAW AND MENTAL HEALTH. RESEARCH ON EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IS GAINING TRACTION, YET IS POORLY UNDERSTOOD BY CRIMINOLOGISTS AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENTISTS. THE CURRENT OBJECTIVE IS TO REVIEW RELEVANT STUDIES OF INTEREST TO BEHAVIORAL SCIENTISTS WHO STUDY CRIME, AND TO TRANSLATE ADMITTEDLY CHALLENGING SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION INTO TEXT THAT IS DIGESTIBLE TO THE AVERAGE CRIMINOLOGIST. USING SYSTEMATIC SEARCH PROCEDURES THE AUTHORS IDENTIFIED AND REVIEWED 41 STUDIES OF EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN PSYCHIATRIC AND BEHAVIORAL PHENOTYPES AMONG HUMANS. FINDINGS REVEALED SIGNIFICANT EPIGENETIC EFFECTS IN AN ASSORTMENT OF GENES THAT ARE IMPLICATED IN THE ETIOLOGY OF DEPRESSION, SUICIDALITY, CALLOUS-UNEMOTIONAL TRAITS, AND CHRONIC AND INTERGENERATIONAL AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR. SEVERAL POLYMORPHISMS THAT MEDIATE THE HPA AXIS, NEUROTRANSMISSION, IMMUNE RESPONSE, BRAIN DEVELOPMENT, SEROTONIN SYNTHESIS, AND OTHER PROCESSES WERE FOUND. ALTHOUGH PRESCRIPTIVE KNOWLEDGE BASED ON EPIGENETIC FINDINGS TO DATE IS PREMATURE, EPIGENETICS IS A NEW AND EXCITING SCIENTIFIC FRONTIER NOT TOO DIFFERENT IN SPIRIT FROM LAMARCK'S OBSERVATIONS CENTURIES AGO.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
20 3074  19 GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLOME AND TRANSCRIPTOME CHANGES INDUCED BY INORGANIC NANOPARTICLES IN HUMAN KIDNEY CELLS AFTER CHRONIC EXPOSURE. THE UNIQUE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES MAKE INORGANIC NANOPARTICLES (INPS) AN EXCITING TOOL IN DIAGNOSIS AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT. HOWEVER, AS INPS ARE RELATIVELY DIFFICULT TO FULLY DEGRADE AND EXCRETE, THEIR UNINTENDED ACCUMULATION IN THE TISSUE MIGHT RESULT IN ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS. HEREIN, WE PROVIDE A METHYLOME-TRANSCRIPTOME FRAMEWORK FOR CHRONIC EFFECTS OF INPS, COMMONLY USED IN BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS, IN HUMAN KIDNEY TH-1 CELLS. RENAL CLEARANCE IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT ROUTES OF NANOPARTICLE EXCRETION; THEREFORE, A DETAILED EVALUATION OF NANOPARTICLE-MEDIATED NEPHROTOXICITY IS AN IMPORTANT TASK. INTEGRATED ANALYSIS OF METHYLOME AND TRANSCRIPTOME CHANGES INDUCED BY INPS (PEG-AUNPS, FE(3)O(4)NPS, SIO(2)NPS, AND TIO(2)NPS) REVEALED SIGNIFICANTLY DEREGULATED GENES WITH FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION IN IMMUNE RESPONSE, DNA DAMAGE, AND CANCER-RELATED PATHWAYS. ALTHOUGH MOST DEREGULATED GENES WERE UNIQUE TO INDIVIDUAL INPS, A RELATIVELY HIGH PROPORTION OF THEM ENCODED THE TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS. INTERESTINGLY, FOS HYPERMETHYLATION INVERSELY CORRELATING WITH GENE EXPRESSION WAS ASSOCIATED WITH ALL INPS EXPOSURES. OUR STUDY EMPHASIZES THE NEED FOR A MORE COMPREHENSIVE INVESTIGATION OF INPS' BIOLOGICAL SAFETY, ESPECIALLY AFTER CHRONIC EXPOSURE.	2022